COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER […]
Date: 2011-11-11
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Spain, free movement of workers, occupational migration, transitional period (EU)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 11.11.2011 
SEC(2011) 1343 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER 

Accompanying the document 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL __on the Functioning of 
the Transitional Arrangements on Free Movement of Workers from Bulgaria and 
Romania 

{COM(2011) 729 final} 

EN

 
 
 
  
 
1. Statistical annex  

EN 

2 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
Table A1: Share of foreign nationals resident in the EU-27 by broad group of citizenship, 2003-10 (% of total population) 

Host 
country

EU-15 Member States

EU-10 Member States

EU-2 Member States

Non-EU-27 countries

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
% of total resident population

Resident foreign nationals from…

5.2
1.3
2.1
3.8
0.3
2.6
1.8
0.3

5.2
1.1
2.0
3.2
0.2
1.5
1.8
0.2

5.2
1.3
2.1
3.3
0.2
2.6
1.8
0.3

5.2
1.1
2.0
3.6
0.3
1.7
1.6
0.2

5.0
1.2
2.2
3.6
0.2
2.4
1.9
0.3

4.9
1.1
2.2
3.6
0.3
2.2
1.8
0.3

BE 2)
DK 1)
DE 1)
IE 3)
EL 2)
ES 1)
FR 2)
 IT 1)
LU 2)
NL 1) 
AT 1)
PT 2)
FI 1)
SE 1)
UK 2)

5.1
4.8
1.5
1.0
2.1
2.2
2.7
3.3
0.3
0.2
2.9
1.3
1.9
1.8
0.2
0.3
34.7 34.7 36.2 35.6 37.3 37.5 38.3 37.9
1.1
1.3
2.3
1.5
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
2.0
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.8
EU-15 4) 1.5
0.3
0.1
-
-
6.3
:
0.1
0.1
:
:
0.4
0.1
1.4
1.5
0.0
:
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
-
-
-
:
:
:
1.4
1.2

CZ 1)
EE 2)
CY 2)
LV 1)
LT 1)
HU 1)
MT 2)
PL 2)
SI 1)
SK 1)
EU-10 4)
BG 2)
RO 2)
EU-2 4)
EU-27 4)

1.3
1.9
0.4
0.4
2.1
1.6
1.7
0.2
-
5.9
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
-
-
:
1.3

1.3
1.7
0.4
0.4
2.1
1.7
1.6
0.2
-
5.6
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
-
:
1.3

1.3
1.6
0.4
0.4
2.1
1.6
1.5
0.1
-
5.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
1.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
-
:
1.2

1.3
2.0
0.4
0.4
2.1
1.6
1.7
0.3
-
5.4
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
-
-
:
1.4

1.4
2.2
0.3
0.4
2.1
1.7
1.7
0.3
-
5.8
0.2
0.0
0.3
1.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
-
-
:
1.4

1.4
2.2
0.4
0.4
2.1
1.7
1.7
0.4
-
6.4
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
-
-
:
1.4

0.1
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.7
-
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
-
:
0.1
:
0.1
-
:
0.0
0.2
0.1
-
:
:
0.2

0.1
0.2
0.5
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
-
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
-
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
-
-
0.0
0.1
0.1
-
-
:
0.2

0.2
0.2
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.9
-
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.7
-
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
-
0.0
0.2
0.1
-
-
:
0.3

0.2
0.3
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
1.0
-
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.8
-
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
-
0.0
0.2
0.1
-
-
:
0.4

0.2
0.4
0.7
4.8
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.2
1.0
-
0.5
0.5
1.2
0.5
0.9
-
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
-
0.0
0.2
0.2
-
-
:
0.4

0.4
0.5
0.7
4.7
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.1
-
0.5
0.5
1.2
0.6
0.9
-
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
-
0.0
0.3
0.2
-
-
:
0.5

0.4
0.6
0.8
4.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.0
0.4
1.2
-
0.6
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.9
-
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
-
-
:
0.5

0.5
0.5
0.7
4.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.5
1.3
-
0.7
0.6
1.5
0.6
0.8
-
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.2
-
-
0.1
0.4
0.2
-
-
:
0.5

0.0
0.0
0.2
-
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.3
-
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
-
:
0.0
:
0.6
-
:
0.0
0.1
0.1
-
:
:
0.2

0.1
0.0
0.1
-
0.4
0.9
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
-
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
-
:
0.2

0.1
0.0
0.1
-
0.4
1.1
0.0
0.5
-
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
-
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
-
:
0.2

0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.5
1.5
0.1
0.6
-
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
-
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
-
:
0.3

0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
2.0
0.1
1.1
-
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
-
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.1
0.1
-
-
:
0.4

0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
2.1
0.1
1.4
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.1
-
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.1
0.1
-
-
:
0.5

0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8
2.2
0.1
1.5
-
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.1
-
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
-
-
0.0
0.1
0.2
-
-
:
0.5

0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.7
2.2
0.1
1.8
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.1
-
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.8
-
-
:
0.1
0.2
-
-
:
0.6

2.4
3.6
5.8
3.1
4.3
6.4
2.8
3.9
3.3
2.2
6.5
2.2
1.5
2.9
3.7
4.2
1.8

2.4
3.6
6.1
2.8
4.2
6.1
2.9
3.6
3.0
2.2
6.7
2.3
1.4
2.9
3.4
4.1
1.6

2.8
3.9
5.6
3.1
6.4
7.3
3.3
5.0
4.2
2.1
6.5
2.9
1.8
3.5
4.0
4.6
2.7

2.5
3.7
6.2
2.9
4.1
5.3
2.9
3.3
3.8
2.3
6.7
2.0
1.4
3.0
3.2
4.0
1.2

2.9
3.8
5.7
3.4
5.5
7.4
3.1
4.6
3.6
2.1
6.6
2.7
1.7
3.2
4.2
4.5
2.5

2.8
3.7
5.8
3.3
4.9
7.0
3.2
4.2
3.4
2.1
6.6
2.7
1.6
3.1
3.9
4.4
2.1

2.6
2.1
4.3
3.8
5.6
5.9
2.8
2.7
6.2
3.7
6.9
4.6
3.4
2.8
5.6
2.8
3.6
3.4
2.1
2.3
6.6
6.7
2.8
1.8
1.9
1.4
4.1
3.0
3.7
3.0
4.7
3.7
2.6
1.2
18.3 18.1 16.2 15.6 16.1 16.3 16.0 15.0
6.5
22.0 20.9 19.7 18.7 17.9 17.5 17.0 16.0
0.8
0.0
1.2
0.6
1.6
0.8
0.1
:
5.0
2.2
0.6
0.3
1.6
1.3
0.1
0.1
-
:
:
:
3.9
3.1

1.2
0.8
0.9
0.1
3.2
0.3
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.7

1.2
0.8
1.2
0.1
3.3
0.4
1.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
3.8

0.9
0.6
1.3
0.0
2.1
0.2
1.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
3.4

1.1
0.7
1.4
0.1
2.5
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.5

0.9
0.6
1.5
0.1
2.3
0.2
1.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.5

1.0
0.8
1.9
0.1
3.8
0.4
1.6
0.2
-
:
3.9

5.7

4.8

6.2

4.8

4.7

6.0

:

Sources: Eurostat population statistics, Eurostat EU LFS and DG Employment estimates. “:” figures not available. “-” figures too small to be reliable. Note: Choice of data sources according to data availability for 
individual countries. — For population statistics: end of year data (1st January of subsequent year), for LFS: 4th quarter data. — Figures not fully comparable between Member States due to the use of different sources. 
— Data from  the  LFS should be treated with some caution due to limitations of the survey with regard to foreign populations, in particular concerning coverage  of very recent  migrants and collective households, 
relative levels of non-response and small sample sizes. 1) Eurostat population statistics. –2) EU LFS quarterly data, 4th quarter. –3) EU LFS quarterly data (4th quarter) except for 2003-2005: LFS estimates obtained 
from CSO. For 1), 2) and 3): values for 2010 are estimates of DG Employment based on EU-LFS. 4) EU totals and sub-totals are only of an indicative nature as they are the sum of country values that stem from 
different sources; EU totals and sub-totals include country data which are not shown individually due to small sample size.  

EN 

3 

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Table A2: Number of foreign nationals resident in the EU-27 by broad group of citizenship, 2003-10 (in 1,000) 

Host 
country

EU-15 Member States

EU-10 Member States

EU-2 Member States

Non-EU-27 countries

200 3 2004 2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2003

2004

2005

2006

200 7

2 008

2009

2010

Resident foreign nationals from…

1,000 p ersons

494
56

539
57

545
59

523
63

533
68

562
73

567
75

562
85

1,850 1,660 1,654 1,783 1,779 1 ,761 1,746 1 ,742
123
129
19
29
538

1,096 1 ,173 1,197 1 ,361

148
27
765

130
24
644

153
28
982

149
27

159
26

169
27

1,034 1,076
138
134
155
154
210
211
132
122
45
38
19
19

960
143
163
210
143
37
20

1,062 1,128 1 ,102 1,122 1 ,147
183
165
149
186
175
163
185
226
211
197
181
154
31
43
40
22
23
21

169
185
233
187
37
23

158
173
215
167
41
22

BE 2)
DK 1)
DE 1)
IE 3)
EL 2)
ES 1)
FR 2)
 IT 1)
LU 2)
NL 1) 
AT 1)
PT 2)
FI 1)
SE 1)
UK 2)

192
187
957 1 ,007 1,044 1 ,016
EU-15 4) 5,936 5,943 6,061 6,481 6,714 6 ,881 6,958 7 ,056

186
1,002

188
962

186
929

186
951

197

196

13
-
:

33
-
41

32
-
45

37
-
49

24
-
44

15
-
42

19
-
41

31
-
48

CZ 1)
EE 2)
CY 2)
LV 1)
LT 1)
HU 1)
MT 2)
PL 2)
SI 1)
SK 1)
EU-10 4)
BG 2)
RO 2)
EU-2 4)
EU-27 4) 5,973 6,030 6,170 6,602 6,843 7 ,027 7,103 7 ,217

3
1
34
5
10
3
13
145

2
1
18
4
17
2
5
109

2
1
25
4
12
2
7
121

2
:
42
6
11
5
15
160

3
1
25
4
10
2
9
130

3
1
31
5
7
3
11
146

1
1
10
5
10
1
3
88

1
:
12
6
:
1
3
37

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
:
:

13
10
482
33
25
43

40
56
1
13
60
-
16

15
11
440
47
32
56

45
69
1
18
68
-
17

17
13
483
100
29
71

39
81
1
23
75
-
18

19
16
564
161
29
103

42
95
3
29
81
-
21

23
22
596
211
34
127

42
118
4
37
87
-
24

40
30
605
211
37
137

41
130
3
48
94
-
28

49
33
616
183
27
140

46
138
5
59
97
-
31

55
30
605
180
23
137

77
153
4
81
105
-
39

51
728

34
503

43
691

23
171

27
293

61
21
115
945
929 1 ,012 1,272 1,701 2,061 2,185 2,203 2,498
50
-
:

51
-
1

68
-
2

78
-
3

90
-
2

99
-
4

94
-
4

81
-
6

58
720

3
:
5
-
:
0
9
68

-
:
:

3
1
4
-
-
0
8
68

-
-
:

4
1
7
-
-
1
9
93

-
-
:

4
1
8
-
-
1
11
109

-
-
:

5
1
8
-
-
1
13
122

-
-
:

5
1
12
-
-
1
15
141

-
-
:

5
1
11
-
6
1
19
141

-
-
:

4
1
19
-
-
2
23
138

-
-
:

997 1 ,081 1,365 1,810 2,183 2,326 2,344 2,636

4
2
133
-
32
254

21
189
-
4
26
10
1

3
13
693
6
-
:

0
:
57
-
:
0
3
66

-
:
:
759

6
2
113
-
41
371

14
264
1
5
28
8
1

3
21
877
6
-
4

0
0
69
-
-
0
1
81

-
-
:
958

10
2
112
-
47
490

14
315
-
5
28
13
1

16
2
120
13
48
664

30
362
-
5
28
14
1

19
3
141
18
56
890

38
659
-
11
35
27
1

19
5
158
18
70
964

61
837
1
16
41
15
2

22 0
41
27
20 3
14
7
4,861
206
178
10 9
14
19
88
39 6
82
991 1,006 1,937

39
1,673
87
934 1,069 1,611
3
20
46
20
1

15
37 1
54 6
18 5
72

-
19
45
25
2

260
198
5,076
117
436
2,301

1,702
1,931
17
369
547
213
72

250
196
5,0 32
117
450
2,6 76

1,7 47
2,1 32
14
361
549
241
75

254
197
4,789
132
461
2,857

1,711
2,333
15
353
542
236
79

303
205
4,740
146
522
3,149

1,912
2,498
16
344
545
283
86

308
211
4,655
151
597
3,377

1,867
2,760
17
347
547
288
90

306
214
4,585
137
695
3,336

1,997
2,994
20
341
548
308
99

289
239
4,540
124
673
3,205

2,108
3,366
18
358
557
296
101

9
74

3
35

3
29

6
40

11
90

17
124

385
269
2,262
1,914
1,070 1,344 1,9 45 2,290 2,4 76 2,749 14,208 15,422 16,117 1 6,414 17,391 18,02 8 18,361 18,521
122
244
35

12 6
24 6
:

216
216
43

186
209
35

164
217
35

262
218
47

287
214
46

269
201
50

267
2,191

292
2,521

264
2,0 14

325
2,458

284
2,358

26 6
1,744

10
-
15

10
-
25

8
-
13

6
-
31

7
-
5

7
-
5

0
0
67
-
-
0
1
81

0
0
68
-
-
0
1
82

0
0
67
-
-
1
4
93

1
0
68
-
-
1
6
101

1
0
74
-
-
1
7
118

1
0
80
-
-
:
7
125

51 1
:
56
3
:
43
15
1,000

482
31
62
5
16
43
10
1,050

451
31
64
6
20
46
11
1,0 46

427
37
67
6
49
51
13
1,080

408
40
76
4
37
65
15
1,119

395
39
77
5
24
66
20
1,152

382
35
81
8
21
78
24
1,176

357
28
115
7
31
103
35
1,195

-
-
:

-
-
:

9
10
19
1,150 1,426 2,0 39 2,392 2,5 94 2,874 15,218 16,491 17,187 1 7,526 18,544 19,20 0 19,554 19,718

8
24
32

10
15
25

10
11
21

9
25
34

10
:
:

13
-
:

6
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

-
-
:

Sources: Eurostat population statistics, Eurostat EU LFS and DG Employment estimates. “:” figures not available. “-” figures too small to be reliable. Note: Choice of data sources according to data availability for 
individual countries. — For population statistics: end of year data (1st January of subsequent year), for LFS: 4th quarter data. — Figures not fully comparable between Member States due to the use of different sources. 
— Data from  the  LFS should be treated with some caution due to limitations of the survey with regard to foreign populations, in particular concerning coverage  of very recent  migrants and collective households, 
relative levels of non-response and small sample sizes. 1) Eurostat population statistics. –2) EU LFS quarterly data, 4th quarter. –3) EU LFS quarterly data (4th quarter) except for 2003-2005: LFS estimates obtained 
from CSO. For 1), 2) and 3): values for 2010 are estimates of DG Employment based on EU-LFS. 4) EU totals and sub-totals are only of an indicative nature as they are the sum of country values that stem from 
different sources; EU totals and sub-totals include country data which are not shown individually due to small sample size.  

EN 

4 

EN 

 
  
 
Chart A1: Working age foreign nationals resident for 7 years or less in Member States, 
2010 (in % of total resident working-age population) 

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

EU-15

EU-10

EU-2

Non-EU-27

CY LU IE ES UK AT BE SE IT DK EL DE PT FR FI NL CZ SI EE LV HU SK

Non-EU-27 7.1 1.8 2.1 4.9 2.7 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

EU-2

EU-10

EU-15

4.3 0.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.1

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.8 0.9 4.8 0.1 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

2.6 10.0 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.2

Source:  Eurostat,  EU  LFS,  annual  data  2010.  Note:  Numbers  for  missing  data  and  countries  too  small  to  be 
reliable. Limited reliability for EU-15 results for EL and EE; EU-2 results for LU; and non-EU-27 results for EE 
and SK. 

Table  A3:  Distribution  of  recent  intra-EU  movers  (aged  15-64)  from  Bulgaria  and 
Romania by main receiving countries, 2010   

Citizens from : 

Bulgaria
Destination countries
ES
UK
DE
IT
EL
Other EU-25

Share
32.2
14.5
13.4
11.5
10.2
18.3

Romania
Destination countries Share
40.6
37.3
5.7
3.6
3.1
9.7

IT
ES
UK
DE
FR
Other EU-25

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS, annual data 2010. Note: recent intra-EU movers defined as working age EU nationals 
resident seven years or less in another EU Member State. 

EN 

5 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chart  A2:  Nationality  of  recent  intra-EU  movers  (age  group  15-64),  2010  (%  of  all 
recent intra-EU movers) 

Other EU citizens
18%

LT
3%

NL
3%

IT
4%

PT
4%

UK
5%

FR
5%

BG
5%

DE
5%

RO
27%

PL
21%

Source : Eurostat, EU Labour force survey, annual data 2010 

Note: recent intra-EU movers defined as EU nationals resident seven years or less in another EU Member State. 

Chart A3: Mobility rates by sending country – mobile EU citizens living in another EU 
Member  State  by  years  of  residence  (age  group  16-64),  2010  (in  %  of  working  age 
population of country of citizenship) 

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

> 7 years

4 to 7 years

< 4 years

RO LT LV BG CY PL EE PT SK IE NL HU AT DK BE CZ FI EL SE FR UK IT DE ES

> 7 years

4.7 1.9 1.1 3.2 2.6 1.5 1.5 8.3 1.2 6.7 1.7 0.8 2.5 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.8 4.0 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.9 0.6 0.6

4 to 7 years 3.5 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

< 4 years

3.1 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Source:  Eurostat,  EU  Labour  force  survey,  annual  data  2010.  Note:  figures  do  not  include  citizens  who  were 
born in another Member State and continue living there. Figures for LU, MT and SI too small to be reliable.  

EN 

6 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Table A4: Annual net growth of stock of foreigners in the EU-15 countries, by group of 
citizenship (in thousand) 

Citizens from :  
EU-15  
EU-10 
EU-2 
Non-EU-27 
countries 

2004  2005  2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
99 
233 
295 
360 
273 
601 
160 
977 

118 
7 
260 
84 
183 
193 
1214  695 

167 
124 
345 
636 

420 
429 
274 
297 

77 
18 
186 
333 

Source: Eurostat population statistics and EU LFS. For more details on the source, please see Tables A1 and A2. 

Table  A5:  Average  annual  net  growth  of  EU-2  nationals,  by  group  of  countries  (in 
thousand and in % of the total resident population) 

Group of receiving Member States

Member States granting free access from 2007

Member States granting free access from 2009

Member States not applying free movement

Spain 
Others
Italy 
Others

Total EU-25

2003-2006

2007-2008

2009-2010

in 
thousand

2
137
10
58
15
222

in % of 
total 
pop.
0.00
0.32
0.03
0.10
0.01
0.05

in 
thousand

13
150
13
238
70
484

in % of 
total 
pop.
0.02
0.33
0.04
0.40
0.03
0.10

in 
thousand

10
21
19
116
76
242

in % of 
total 
pop.
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.19
0.03
0.05

Source: DG EMPL estimates based on Eurostat Population statistics and EU-LFS (for more detailed see notes of 
tables A1 and A2). Note: Total resident population considered for the ratio is calculated as an average on each 
period. 2003-2006 corresponds to the period before accession of EU-2 countries; 2007-2008 corresponds to the 
first phase of the transitional arrangements; 2009-2010 corresponds to the first two years of the second phase of 
the  transitional  arrangements.  Groups  of  countries  based  on  table  1 of  the  main  report  as  follows:  1)  Member 
States granting free access from 2007: CZ, EE, CY, LV, LT, PL, SI, SK, FI and SE; 2) Member States granting 
free access from 2009: DK, EL, ES, HU, PT; 3) Member States not applying free movement: BE, DE, IE, FR, 
IT, LU, MT, NL, AT, UK. ES and IT treated separately due to their size in EU-2 inflows.  

Chart  A4:  Distribution  of  working-age  (15-64)  EU-2  citizens  living  in  EU-25,  by 
duration of residence in main receiving countries, 2010  

24

20

56

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

23

31

37

16

37

19

22

35

28

30

32

35

27

Less than 4 years

From 4 to 7 years

7 years and more

74

68

58

21

21

29

36

14

12

20

12

UK

47

46

43

43

42

41

EL

DE

IT

Rest of
EU-25

ES

EU -25
Average

AT

FR

BE

CY

EN 

7 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
Source: Eurostat, EU Labour force survey, annual data 2010.  

Chart A5: Labour market status of recent intra EU movers and total population (aged 
15-64), 2010

2
-
U
E

0
1
-
U
E

5
1
-
U
E

Mobile EU-2 citizens

Total EU-2 population 

63

59

16

21

5

36

Mobile EU-10 citizens

74

8

18

Total EU-10 population 

60

7

33

Mobile EU-15 citizens

Total EU-15 population 

Employed

Unemployed

Inactive

65

65

7

7

28

28

0%

10% 20%

30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

80% 90% 100%

Source:  Eurostat,  EU  LFS  (annual  averages).  Note:  Mobile  EU  citizens  are  defined  as  working-age  foreign 
nationals resident for seven years or less in another Member State  

EN 

8 

   EN 

 
 
 
Chart A6: Labour market status of recent EU-2 and EU-10 movers compared to total 
working-age population in the main destination countries, 2010  

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

16

26

20

24

27

15

25

24

6

10

58

56

59

65

70

P
A
W

l

a
t
o
T

e

l
i

b
o
m
2
-
U
E

e

l
i

b
o
m
2
-
U
E

e

l
i

b
o
m
0
1
-
U
E

ES

e

l
i

b
o
m
0
1
-
U
E

IT

38

5

57

P
A
W

l

a
t
o
T

17

5

14

5

79

81

25

6

27

26

7

9

23

5

22

12

27

11

30

6

70

66

66

71

62

66

63

Inactive

Unemployed

Employed

e

l
i

b
o
m
2
-
U
E

e

l
i

b
o
m
0
1
-
U
E

UK

P
A
W

l

a
t
o
T

e

l
i

b
o
m
2
-
U
E

e

l
i

b
o
m
0
1
-
U
E

DE

P
A
W

l

a
t
o
T

e

l
i

b
o
m
2
-
U
E

P
A
W

l

a
t
o
T

e

l
i

b
o
m
0
1
-
U
E

Others

Source: Eurostat, EU Labour Force Survey (annual averages). 'WAP' refers to working-age population.  

 Chart A7: Labour market status of recent intra-EU movers, compared to nationals and 
non-EU citizens (aged 15-64) in 2007 and 2010 

100%

80%

60%

40%

30

29

5

6

28

6

28

7

15

6

18

8

25

9

21

16

32

31

10

14

66

65

66

65

78

74

66

63

58

55

20%

Inactive

Unemployed

Employed

0%

2007

2010

2007

2010

2007

2010

2007

2010

2007

2010

Nationals

Recent EU-15
movers

Recent EU-10
movers

Recent EU-2
movers

Non-EU-27

Source: Eurostat, EU Labour force survey (annual data). Note: Recent intra-EU movers are defined: 1) in 2010 
as working-age foreign nationals resident for seven years or less in another Member State 2) in 2007 as working-
age foreign nationals resident for four years or less in another Member State. All non-EU citizens are included 
(no criteria of duration of residence have been applied).  

EN 

9 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chart  A8:  Educational  attainment  of  mobile  and 
2010

total  active  population, 

2
-
U
E

0
1
-
U
E

5
1
-
U
E

Mobile EU-2
citizens

Total EU-2
population 

Mobile EU-10
citizens

Total EU-10
population 

9

Mobile EU-15
citizens

Total EU-15
population 

34

52

20

17

Low

Medium

High

61

61

67

14

19

22

25

18

33

49

26

45

29

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Source:  Eurostat,  EU  LFS  (annual  averages).  Note:  Mobile  EU  citizens  are  defined  as  economically  active 
working-age foreign nationals resident for seven years or less in another Member State.  

Table A6: Employment of total resident populations and recently arrived mobile citizens 
by economic activity, 2010 (% of total employment by group) 

Economic activity (Nace Rev. 2)

A Agriculture, forestry and fishing
B Mining and quarrying
C Manufacturing
D Electricity, gas,…
E Water supply; sewerage, waste management…
F Construction
G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
H Transportation and storage
I Accommodation and food service activities
J Information and communication
K Financial and insurance activities
L Real estate activities
M Professional, scientific and technical activities
N Administrative and support service activities
O Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
P Education
Q Human health and social work activities
R Arts, entertainment and recreation
S Other service activities
T Activities of households as employers
U Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (annual averages).  

Total EU-15 workforce Recent EU-10 movers Recent EU-2 movers

2.9
0.2
14.9
0.7
0.7
7.6
14.1
4.9
4.8
3.1
3.3
0.8
5.4
4.3
7.5
7.6
11.5
1.7
2.6
1.4
0.1

3.2
:
22.1
:
:
10.4
15.0
6.2
13.4
1.7
(1.1)
:
2.7
7.2
:
2.1
7.1
(1.1)
1.7
2.5
:

6.9
:
11.2
:
:
21.2
7.2
3.6
14.2
:
:
:
(1.1)
5.9
:
:
4.7
:
3.0
17.5
:

Note: Recent EU movers defined as working-age foreign nationals resident for seven years or less in another 
Member State. ":" indicate figures too small to be reliable. Figures in brackets of limited reliability. For some 
activities  (e.g.  agriculture,  construction,  accommodation and  food  service  activities)  the  LFS  may  understate 
the number of employed due to underestimation of seasonal workers.  

EN 

10 

   EN 

 
 
 
Table A7: Occupation of total resident employment and of employed recently mobile, 
2010 (% of total employment by group) 

High-skilled

Intermediate

Low-skilled

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9

Occupations (ISCO)

Legislators, senior officials and managers
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals
Clerks
Service workers and shop and market sales workers
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers

Total EU-15 
workforce
9.0
14.8
17.6
11.7
14.6
2.5
12.4
7.3

Recent EU-
10 movers
4.8
6.6
5.2
4.7
16.9
1.1
15.6
14.5

Recent EU-2 
movers
1.5
2.5
3.3
2.5
15.9
2.5
24.0
7.5

Elementary occupations

10.0

30.5

40.4

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (annual averages).  

Note: Recent EU movers defined as working-age foreign nationals resident for seven years or less in another 
Member State. ":" indicate figures too small to be reliable. Figures in brackets of limited reliability. For some 
occupations (e.g. agriculture, construction, accommodation and food service activities) the LFS may understate 
the  number  of  employed  due  to  underestimation  of  seasonal  workers.  The  grouping  of  ISCO  categories  into 
'high-skilled', 'intermediate' and 'low-skilled' follows an OECD methodology presented in OECD, International 
migration outlook, SOPEMI, 2007 pp. 155-156. 

EN 

11 

   EN 

 
 
 
Chart A9: Age and educational attainment of recent EU-2 movers, by main destination 
countries (2010) 

IT

ES

DE

UK

59

47

44

41

19

18

19

16

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

59

60

47

46

38

38

33

21

38

33

24

23

2

2

2

0

28

16

16

7

15-24

25-34

35-54

55-64

Low  

Medium

High

Age

Educational attainment

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (annual averages). Note: EU-2 movers defined as economically active working-age 
EU-2 nationals resident for seven years or less in the destination country.  

Chart  A10:  Occupational  and  sectoral  distribution  of  recent  EU-2  movers  in 
employment, by main destination countries (2010) 

IT

55

ES

DE

UK

54

52

52

46

42

30

19

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

36

31

29

25

24

18

19

14

9

15

12

16

14

6

5

5

2

29

14

14

12

10

10

6

3

2

e
r
u
t
l
u
c
i
r
g
A

4

2

d
e

l
l
i

k
s
-
h
g
H

i

d
e

l
l
i

k
s
-
w
o
L

e
t
a

i

d
e
m
r
e
t
n
I

Occupations 

g
n
i
r
u
t
c
a
f
u
n
a
M

)

-

E
B

(

n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
C

,
e
d
a
r
T

,
t
r
o
p
s
n
a
r
t

n
o
i
t
a
c

i

n
u
m
m
o
c

,
e
c
n
a
n
F

i

s
s
e
n
s
u
b

i

)
J
-
G

(

)

N
K

-

(
s
e
c
v
r
e
s

i

c

i
l

b
u
P

Sectors (NACE rev.2)

,
n
o
i
t
a
r
t
s
n
m
d
a

i

i

,
n
o
i
t
a
c
u
d
E

i

,
s
e
c
v
r
e
s

)

Q
O

-

(
h
t
l

a
e
h

r
e
h
t
O

27

24

8

4

e
t
a
v

i
r
p

-

R

(
s
d

l

o
h
e
s
u
o
h

)

U

Source:  Eurostat,  EU  LFS  (annual  averages).  Note:  EU-2  movers  defined  as  working-age  EU-2  nationals  in 
employment resident for seven years or less in the destination country.  

EN 

12 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chart A11: Labour market status of EU-2 nationals (aged 15-64), by main destination 
countries (2006-2010) 

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

72

73

72

70

69

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

77

73

68

61

59

70

64

64

67

67

89

87

84

77

77

9

9

7

6

7

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
e
n
U

l

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

26

24

15

10

8

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
e
n
U

l

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

IT

ES

DE

9

8

7

9

8

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
e
n
U

l

t
n
e
m
y
o
p
m
E

l

UK

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (annual averages). Note: EU-2 nationals not restricted to recent arrivals contrary to 
other graphs presented in the annex.  UK: share of unemployed not publishable due to small sample size  

EN 

13 

   EN 

 
 
 
Chart A12: Overall unemployment rates in the main EU-15 receiving countries, 2005-
2011 

DE

FR

EL

IT

ES

UK

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

1
Q
5
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
7
0
0
2

1
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
9
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
0
1
0
2

1
Q
1
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (quarterly adjusted data).  

Chart  A13:  Overall  employment  rates  in  the  main  EU-15  receiving  countries,  2005-
2011 

DE

EL

ES

FR

IT

UK

75.0

70.0

65.0

60.0

55.0

50.0

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
5
0
0
2

1
Q
6
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
7
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
8
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
9
0
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
0
1
0
2

2
Q

3
Q

4
Q

1
Q
1
1
0
2

Source: Eurostat, EU LFS (quarterly adjusted data) 

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14 

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2. References 

Baas  T.,  H.  Brücker,  and  A.  Hauptmann  (2009),  'Labor  Mobility  in  the  Enlarged  EU:  Who 
Wins, Who Loses?', in Kahanec, M. and Zimmermann, K. F. (eds.), EU labour markets after 
post-enlargement migration, Springer, Heidelberg. 

Barrett A. and B. Maître (2011), 'Immigrant Welfare Receipt across Europe', IZA Discussion 
Paper, No. 5515 

Brücker, H. et al. (2009), Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the 
functioning of the transitional arrangements, Study commissioned by DG EMPL, European 
Integration Consortium (IAB, CMR, fRDB, GEP, WIFO, wiiw), Nürnberg;  

D’Auria, F., K. Mc Morrow and K. Pichelmann (2008), 'Economic impact of migration flows 
following  the  2004  EU  enlargement  process:  A  model  based  analysis',  European  Economy, 
Economic Papers, No. 349;  

Fellmer, S. and Kolb, H. 2009. EU labour migration: Government and social partner policies 
in Germany. In: Béla Galgóczi, B., Leschke, J. & Watt, A. (eds.) 2009. EU labour migration 
since enlargement: Trends, impacts and policies. Farnham: Ashgate. 

Holland D., T. Fic, A. Rincon-Aznar, L. Stokes and P. Paluchowski (2011), Labour mobility 
within  the  EU  -  The  impact  of  enlargement  and  the  functioning  of  the  transitional 
arrangements, Study commissioned by DG EMPL, NIESR, London. 

Kausar,  R  (2011),  "Bulgarian  and  Romanian  migration  to  the  UK",  Presentation  at 
Department for Communities and Local Government, February 2011. 

Koehler, J., Laczko, F., Aghazarm, C. and Schad, C. 2010. Migration and the economic crisis 
in  the  European  Union:  Implications  for  Policy.  Research  and  Publications  Division,  IOM. 
http://www.labourmigration.eu/research/report/12-migration-and-the-
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economic-crisis-implications-for-policy-in-the-european-union . 

from 

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