COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER "Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme data"
Date: 2011-07-13
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Bulgaria, EU financing, Lithuania, Slovakia, decommissioning of power stations, energy supply, nuclear power station, project evaluation

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 13.7.2011 
SEC(2011) 914 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER 

"Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme data" 

{COM(2011) 432 final} 

 
 
 
 
  
 
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER 

"Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme data" 

Document accompanying the 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 

TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 

on the use of financial resources during 2004-2009 provided to Lithuania, 
Slovakia and Bulgaria to support the decommissioning of early shut-down 
nuclear power-plants under the Acts of Accession 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

3. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

3.3. 

Executive summary...................................................................................................... 7 

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 10 

Purpose and legal basis .............................................................................................. 10 

Scope .......................................................................................................................... 11 

Scheduling.................................................................................................................. 11 

Amounts ..................................................................................................................... 12 

Programme administration ......................................................................................... 13 

Programme Evaluations ............................................................................................. 13 

Procedural Framework ............................................................................................... 14 

Implementing channels .............................................................................................. 15 

3.3.1. 

International Decommissioning Support Funds......................................................... 15 

3.3.2.  National Agency......................................................................................................... 17 

4. 

Country reports........................................................................................................... 18 

4.1. 

Lithuania – Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant ................................................................. 19 

4.1.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding ......................................................... 19 

4.1.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window ....................................................................... 21 

4.1.3.  Energy window .......................................................................................................... 26 

4.1.4.  Performance ............................................................................................................... 27 

4.2. 

Slovakia– Bohunice V1 Nuclear Power Plant ........................................................... 29 

4.2.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding ......................................................... 29 

4.2.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window ....................................................................... 30 

4.2.3.  Energy window .......................................................................................................... 32 

4.2.4.  Performance ............................................................................................................... 33 

4.3. 

Bulgaria – Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant ................................................................ 34 

4.3.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding ......................................................... 34 

4.3.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window ....................................................................... 35 

4.3.3.  Energy window .......................................................................................................... 37 

4.3.4.  Performance ............................................................................................................... 38 

5. 

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 39 

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5.1. 

5.2. 

5.3. 

6. 

6.1. 

6.2. 

6.3. 

Financial performance................................................................................................ 39 

Technical performance............................................................................................... 40 

Outlook....................................................................................................................... 41 

Annex ......................................................................................................................... 42 

List of projects - Lithuania......................................................................................... 42 

List of projects – Slovakia.......................................................................................... 44 

List of projects – Bulgaria.......................................................................................... 46 

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List of abbreviations 

AoC – Assembly of Contributors 

BIDSF – Bohunice International Decommissioning Support Fund 

CCGT - Combined Cycle Gas Turbine 

CDF – Commission Decision on Financing 

CDP – Commission Decision on the Procedures 

CPD – Combined Programming Document 

CPMA – Central Project Management Agency 

DAS - Déclaration d'assurance (Statement of assurance) 

DG – Directorate General 

DP – Decommissioning Programme 

EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 

EC – European Commission 

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment 

EU – European Union 

FDP – Final Decommissioning Plan 

G7  -  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Japan,  the  United  Kingdom,  the  United  States,  Canada,  the 
European Commission 

IDSF – International Decommissioning Support Fund 

IIDSF – Ignalina International decommissioning Support Fund 

INPP – Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, Lithuania 

ISFS – Interim Spent Fuel Storage 

JAVYS – Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť a.s. 

KIDSF - Kozloduy International Decommissioning Support Fund 

KNPP – Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Bulgaria 

MoE – Ministry of Economy 

NDAP - C – Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme Committee 

NPP – Nuclear Power Plant 

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PHARE – Programme of aid to central and east European countries 

PMU – Project Management Unit 

RAW – Radioactive Waste 

RBMK - Reaktor Bolshoy Moschnosti Kanalniy (High Power Channel-type Reactor) 

SE – Slovenské Elektrárne a.s. 

SEPS – Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava a.s. 

SERAW - State Enterprise for Radioactive Waste 

UDS - Updated Decommissioning Strategy  

VVER - Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) 

V1CDP – V1 Conceptual Decommissioning Plan 

V1 NPP – V1 Nuclear Power Plant in Bohunice, Slovakia 

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1. 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This  document  provides  an  overview  of  the  use  of  financial  resources  from  the  European 
Union to support the decommissioning of nuclear power plants which were shut-down early 
under  the  Acts  of  Accession1  in  Lithuania,  Slovakia  and  Bulgaria,  since  2004.  The  report 
summarises the financial status up to 31 December 2009. 

The  three  countries,  Lithuania,  Slovakia  and  Bulgaria,  operated  old  soviet  design  nuclear 
reactors  which  the  international  community,  in  line  with  the  G7  multilateral  programme  of 
action adopted at the Munich G7 summit in 1992, concluded could not be upgraded to meet 
the  minimum  required  safety  standards  at  an  economically  acceptable  cost.  As  such  these 
plants required to be closed earlier than their foreseen end-of-lifetime dates. 

In  the  context  of  the  negotiations  for  accession  to  the  European  Union,  the  three  candidate 
countries  took  the  commitment  to  close  and  subsequently  decommission  these  nuclear 
reactors by a commonly agreed date.  

This early closure represented an exceptional financial burden for the Member States which 
was not commensurate with the economic strength of the countries concerned. In recognition 
of this fact and as act of solidarity the European Union committed itself to continue to provide 
adequate  additional  financial  assistance  for  decommissioning  of  these  reactor  units  until  the 
end of 2013. 

All  three  Member  States  have  fulfilled  their  accession  treaty  commitments  to  close  their 
reactors  in  a  timely  manner.  Ignalina  Nuclear  Power  Plant  Unit  1  was  shut-down  on  31 
December 2004 and Unit 2 on 31 December 2009. Bohunice V1 Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 
was shut-down on 31 December 2006 and Unit 2 on 31 December 2008. Kozloduy Nuclear 
Power  Plant  units  1  and  2  were  shut-down  on  31  December  2002  and  units  3  and  4  on  31 
December 2006. 

The total financial assistance from the European Union to the three Member States until the 
end of 2013 foresees €2847.8 million (€1367 million for Lithuania, €613 million for Slovakia 
and €867,8 million for Bulgaria). By the end of 2009 the European Commission committed a 
total of €1807 million (€875.5 million for Lithuania, €363.7 million for Slovakia and €567.8 
million for Bulgaria). 

The  European  Union  assistance  is  designed  to  cover  a  range  of  measures  in  support  of  the 
decommissioning of the nuclear power plants, such as: 

•  the assurance of nuclear safety in the nuclear facilities,  

•  the  establishment  and  upgrade  of  the  waste  management  infrastructure  required  to  start 

decommissioning activities,  

1 

Protocol  No.  4  on  the  Ignalina  nuclear  power  plant  in  Lithuania  to  the  Act  of  Accession:  OJ  L236, 
23.9.2003, p. 944 

Protocol No. 9 on unit 1 and unit 2 of the Bohunice V1 nuclear power plant in Slovakia to the Act of Accession: 

OJ L236, 23.9.2003, p. 954 

Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for admission of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to 

the European Union to the Treaty of Accession: OJ L157, 21.6.2005, p.29 

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•  measures  to  support  the  nuclear  safety  authorities  in  safe  assessment  and  licensing  of 

decommissioning projects 

•  the  environmental  upgrading  of  energy  infrastructure  and  modernisation  of  conventional 
energy production capacity as a replacement of the lost nuclear energy production capacity 
in line with the legislation of the European Union, 

•  the enhancement of security of supply and energy efficiency, 

•  measures to support plant personnel in maintaining a high level of operational safety in the 

periods prior to the closure and during the decommissioning of the reactor units. 

The European Union financial assistance has been made available in the form of contributions 
to  three  International  Decommissioning  Support  Funds  managed  by  the  European  Bank  for 
Reconstruction and Development. In addition, since 2004, part of the financial assistance for 
Lithuania  has  also  been  made  available  as  a  direct  support  to  the  country  in  order  to 
implement  provisions  of  Art.  2.42  of  the  Accession  Protocol  through  a  National  Agency 
(Central Project Management Agency). 

The  assistance  programme  has  been  subject  to  regular  audits  and  evaluations:  mid-term 
evaluation  for  Lithuania  and  Slovakia  finalised  in  2007,  European  Commission's  internal 
audits of all three programmes in 2007, audit of the Central Project Management Agency by 
the  European  Commission  and  the  European  Court  of  Auditors,  audit  for  the  statement  of 
assurance (DAS2008) by the European Court of Auditors, as well as a feasibility study from 
the European Court of Auditors regarding a full performance audit.  

The  European  Court  of  Auditors  is  currently  conducting  performance  audits  of  all  three 
programmes  and  at  the  request  of  the  assembly  of  donors  an  external  financial  audit  of  the 
Bohunice  International  Decommissioning  Support  Fund  is  ongoing.  These  audits  and 
evaluations  have  proposed  a  number  of  possible  measures  in  the  frame  of  improvements  to 
the implementation of the programmes. 

In  2006  and  2007  the  European  Council  adopted  new  Regulations  for  Lithuania3  and 
Slovakia4 which formed the legal basis for the continuation of the European Union assistance 
in  these  countries.  Since  mid  2010  a  new  Council  Regulation5  provides  the  legal  basis  for 
additional European Union assistance to Bulgaria for 2010 – 2013.  

In  2007  a  Member  State  Management  Committee  was  put  in  place  to  assist  the  European 
Commission  in  the  implementation  of  the  assistance  programmes.  As  an  aid  to  its 
administration,  the  European  Commission  procedures  were  modified  in  2007  and  are  since 
then  continuously  being  improved  following  the  feedback  and  lessons  learned  from  the 
programme  implementation  and  in  order  to  take  due  consideration  of  the  outcome  of  the 
different evaluations.  

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5 

"The Ignalina Programme shall include measures to support plant personnel in maintaining a high level 
of operational safety at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant in the periods prior to the closure and during 
the decommissioning of the said reactor units." 
OJ L 411, 30.12.2006, p.10 
OJ L 131, 23.5.2007, p.1 
OJ L 189, 22.7.2010, p.9 

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A  Memorandum  of  Understanding  has  been  signed  between  the  European  Commission  and 
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and a Joint Steering Committee has 
been set up with the beneficiary countries to improve the coordination of the programme. 

Half  way  through  the  current  financial  perspective  (2007  –  2013)  significant  progress  has 
been  made.  There  are  still  measures  under  implementation  or  preparation,  bearing  in  mind 
that  decommissioning  is  a  long  (ca.  30  years)  process  that  extends  beyond  the  current 
reporting period as well as beyond the current financial perspective. 

Despite initial difficulties related to the fact that the closure of the nuclear reactors fell into an 
economically difficult context and that the Member States were considering to postpone the 
closure date or even to reopen shut-down reactor units in particular in the context of the gas 
crisis in early 2009, all concerned nuclear power plants were shut-down as foreseen and safely 
maintained after their final shut-down.  

All beneficiary countries showed high commitment to proceed and where technically possible 
defueling of the reactor core took place as a first important step towards irreversible closure 
and  decommissioning  of  the  plants.  Facilities  necessary  for  decommissioning  are  under 
installation.  Preparation  of  licensing  documentation  is  under  elaboration  and  preparatory 
works for dismantling as integral part of decommissioning are ongoing. The countries` legal 
framework and management structures were adapted to take into account the change from an 
electricity producing company to an organisation for safe decommissioning. First dismantling 
works  of  non-active  facilities  have  started.  Major  facilities  for  the  treatment  and  storage  of 
radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel are under construction, where required. 

The energy sector  benefited  from  the  financing  of  measures fully in line with  the  European 
Union  energy  policy.  Energy  efficiency  projects  were  successfully  completed,  conventional 
production  capacities  were  environmentally  upgraded  and  new  capacities  are  under 
construction and the adjustment of the electricity grid is under implementation. In none of the 
three  Member  States  did  the  closure  of  the  nuclear  reactor  units  result  in  a  black-out  of 
electricity supply. Not even the severe gas crisis in early 2009 led to the reopening, although 
the intention was expressed at political levels. 

With  an  outlook  towards  2013  -  the  end  of  the  current  financial  perspective  -  based  on  the 
current achievements, it is a fair assumption that major investment projects will be completed 
or near to completion and the new decommissioning organisation and management structures 
will be in place and operational. Dismantling activities and management of decommissioning 
waste and execution of works by plant staff will have started and will be well on track. It has 
to be noted that although the last commitment of the European Commission will be made in 
2013,  the  implementation  of  these  works  financed  from  those  commitments  will  extend 
beyond this date. It can also be considered that, more than four years after the closure of the 
reactors,  the  concept  of  European  Union  solidarity  has  effectively  mitigated  also  the 
economical consequences of the early closure in the energy sector. 

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2. 

INTRODUCTION 

The  present  report  provides  the  status  of  implementation  of  the  financial  European  Union 
assistance  for  the  decommissioning  of  early  shut-down  nuclear  power  plants  in  Lithuania, 
Slovakia and Bulgaria. 

The  report  covers  in  particular  the  implementation  of  the  decommissioning  programme 
during  the  period  2004  –  2009  however  it  takes  also  into  account  recent  progress  made  in 
2010. 

The introduction briefly describes the scope and purpose of the decommissioning assistance 
programme. Chapter 2 describes how the support of the European Union is implemented, how 
its  progress  has  been  evaluated  and  it  highlights  the  improvements  made  by  the  European 
Commission in administrating the EU financial assistance. Chapter 3 presents details of each 
of  the  three  Member  States  programmes,  describes  progress  of  their  decommissioning 
situation  and  highlights  the  challenges.  It  also  takes  into  consideration  the  financial 
assistance  from  the  preceding  period  in  order  to  provide  a  comprehensive  picture  of  the 
financial  assistance  provided  and  for  reasons  of  consistency  and  accuracy  of  data  (cut-off 
date for the financial data is the 31 December 2009). 

Nuclear  decommissioning  is  the  final  step  in  the  lifecycle  of  a  nuclear  installation  and  this 
phase can extend over a period of up to 30 years. It covers all activities from shutdown and 
removal  of  fissile  material,  to  the  complete  environmental  restoration  of  the  site.  To  ensure 
safe decommissioning of nuclear installations and the related management of waste, it is vital 
that adequate financial resources are available at the time of decommissioning. 

2.1. 

Purpose and legal basis 

At  the  time  of  their  negotiations  concerning  the  accession  to  the  European  Union  (EU)  the 
three  EU  candidate  countries,  Lithuania,  Slovakia  and  Bulgaria,  operated  old  soviet  design 
nuclear reactors (VVER6 440 type 230 and RBMK7 1500). 

The international community, in line with the G7 multilateral programme of action adopted at 
the  Munich  G78  summit  in  1992,  concluded  that  these  reactors  could  not  be  economically 
upgraded to attain the required safety standards. As such, these plants required to be closed 
earlier than their foreseen end-of-lifetime dates. 

This recommendation entered in the accession negotiations and led to fixed closure dates for 
the three countries concerned. 

The EU recognised that shut-down and subsequent decommissioning of these nuclear power 
plants (NPP) before the end of their designed lifetime represented a significant financial and 

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Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) 
Reaktor Bolshoy Moschnosti Kanalniy (High Power Channel-type Reactor) 
France,  Germany,  Italy,  Japan,  the  United  Kingdom,  the  United  States,  Canada,  the  European 
Commission 

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economical burden for the Member States. In addition it did not allow for sufficient time to 
accumulate  national  funds  to  cover  the  full  costs  of  decommissioning  of  the  NPPs.  For  this 
reason  the  individual  Acts  of  Accession  as  well  as  subsequent  Council  Regulations  for  the 
implementation  of  these  Acts  foresee  financial  assistance  to  the  respective  new  Member 
States. 

Protocol No. 49 on the Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania and Protocol No. 910 on 
unit  1  and  unit  2  of  the  Bohunice  V1  nuclear  power  plant  in  Slovakia  to  the  Act  of 
Accession11 describe the early closure commitments and the EU assistance to Lithuania and 
Slovakia.  Bulgaria  committed  itself  to  final  early  closure  of  units  1  and  2  of  the  Kozloduy 
nuclear power plant in an Understanding between the European Commission (EC) and the 
Bulgarian government. Article 30 of the Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements 
for admission of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union12 to the Treaty 
of Accession13 describes the commitment of Bulgaria to close early units 3 and 4 of the same 
power plant and the EU assistance. 

2.2. 

Scope 

The assistance is designed to support the effort of the Member States in the decommissioning 
of their old soviet-type NPP units as well as the issues related to the social consequences of 
the  early  closure  and  decommissioning  of  these  NPPs  and  to  support  the  energy  sector  in 
order to mitigate lost generating capacity: 

Decommissioning:  covers  the  assistance  in  the  period  of  preparatory  works  for  shut-down, 
support to the regulator and elaboration of documentation necessary for decommissioning and 
licensing.  In  the  period  after  shut-down  it  addresses  the  issues  of  safe  maintenance  and 
surveillance,  waste  treatment,  waste  and  spent  fuel  storage  and  decontamination  and 
dismantling works. 

Energy:  covers  measures  such  as  modernisation  and  environmental  upgrading  of  existing 
facilities,  replacement  of  the  production  capacity  of  shut-down  units,  improving  security  of 
energy supply and energy efficiency and other measures consequential to the decision to close 
and  decommission  these  plants  and  which  contribute  to  the  necessary  restructuring  and 
upgrading of the energy infrastructure. 

Social  consequences:  covers  support  to  the  plant  personnel  in  maintaining  a  high  level  of 
safety in the periods prior to dismantling after closure and re-training of the staff affected by 
the shut-down of the units for the new tasks in decommissioning. 

2.3. 

Scheduling 

The EU assistance has been provided over three main periods in accordance with a series of 
legal bases.  

For Lithuania and Slovakia the periods can be identified as pre-accession up to 2004, 2004-
2006 and 2007-2013:  

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13 

OJ L236, 23.9.2003, p. 944 
OJ L236, 23.9.2003, p. 954 
OJ L236, 23.9.2003, p. 33 
OJ L157, 21.6.2005, p.29 
OJ L157, 21.6.2005, p.203 

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In  the  pre-accession  period  assistance  was  provided  to  Lithuania  and  Slovakia  through  the 
PHARE14 programme, between 2004-2006 assistance was provided under the Protocols to the 
Act of Accession and since 2007, Council Regulations for Lithuania15 and Slovakia16 ensure 
that the assistance continues for the period 2007-2013. 

EU assistance periods for Bulgaria can be defined as pre-accession until 2007, 2007-2009 and 
2010-2013: 

In  the  pre-accession  period  up  to  2007,  the  EU  had  already  contributed  to  the 
decommissioning  of  the  Kozloduy  NPP  (KNPP)  through  the  PHARE  programme.  Further 
assistance  for  the  period  2007-2009  was  provided  under  the  Protocol  to  the  Treaty  of 
Accession based upon the deferred decommissioning strategy chosen at the time in Bulgaria. 
In  2009  Bulgaria  formally  requested  a  prolongation  of  the  funding  assistance  in  order  to 
proceed  with  a  revised  immediate  decommissioning  strategy.  The  recently  adopted  Council 
Regulation17 ensures that the assistance continues for the period 2010-2013. 

2.4. 

Amounts 

The  assistance  provided  recognises  the  extraordinary  burden  placed  on  the  new  Member 
States by the early shut-down commitment. The assistance is not aimed to cover the full cost 
of  decommissioning  or  to  compensate  for  all  economical  consequences  but  represents  an 
expression  of  solidarity  between  the  EU  and  the  Member  States.  The  different  amounts 
committed  to  individual  Member  States  represent  the  outcome  of  political  negotiations  and 
take into account diverse social and economic aspects of the countries and different types and 
number of units to be dismantled. 

Overview table of the financial assistance to the Member States from 1999 to 2013 (€ million) 
as anchored in the basic legal acts*: 

1999-2003 

2004-2006 

2007-2013 

Lithuania 

Slovakia 

Bulgaria 

Subtotal 

210 

90 

155 

455 

285 

90 

185 

560 

837 

423 

510 

1770 

Total 

1332 

603 

850 

2785 

*Actual yearly commitments are adjusted for inflation. 

By the end of 2009 the actual committed amounts to the three countries were: €875,5 million 
for Lithuania, €363,7 million for Slovakia and €567,8 million for Bulgaria. 

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16 
17 

Programme of aid to central and east European countries 
OJ L 411, 30.12.2006, p.10 
OJ L 131, 23.5.2007, p.1 
OJ L 189, 22.7.2010, p.9 

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3. 

PROGRAMME ADMINISTRATION 

The  pre-accession  EU  financial  assistance  to  the  three  countries  was  launched  in  1999  and 
was  administered  by  Directorate  General  (DG)  Enlargement.  With  accession  (2004  for 
Lithuania  and  Slovakia  and  2007  for  Bulgaria)  the  programme  has  been  transferred  to  DG 
Energy (formerly DG Transport and Energy).  

The assistance is provided by means of three separate, but related programmes. For all three 
countries  assistance  is  provided  through  the  mechanism  of  multi-donor  International 
Decommissioning  Support  Funds  (IDSF)  administered  by  the  European  Bank  for 
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).  

In Lithuania, an additional nationally managed implementation channel has been set up in 
2004 in order to implement provisions of Art. 2.418 of the Accession Protocol of Lithuania, 
during  the  period  2004-2006.  As  such,  part  of  the  EU  assistance  was  provided  directly  to 
Lithuania as Member State and implemented by the "Extended decentralised implementation 
system"  accredited  Central  Project  Management  Agency  (CPMA).  Since  2007,  under  the 
current financial perspective, the direct assistance continued to be implemented by the CPMA 
as the appointed National Agency under centralised indirect management. 

3.1. 

Programme Evaluations 

The assistance programme has been subject to a number of audits and evaluations. These have 
led to improvement measures to the implementation mechanism. 

A  "Mid-term  evaluation  of  the  decommissioning  assistance  to  Lithuania  and  Slovakia 
provided under the protocols to the Treaty of Accession"19 was finalised in 2007. It reviewed 
the programme and evaluated the progress in the implementation of the projects. The findings and 
recommendations  of  the  mid-term  evaluation  were  taken  into  account  in  the  preparation  of  the 
new  procedures  related  to  the  programming  and  monitoring  of  the  decommissioning 
assistance programme under the 2007 – 2013 financial perspective (see next section below). 

The  EC  internal  audits  of  all  three  programmes  in  2007  had  the  objective  to  audit  the 
structures and procedures put in place to ensure the operational and financial management of 
the  assistance  and  to  formulate  an  opinion  as  to  their  adequacy,  their  effectiveness  and 
efficiency. In addition the financial transactions resulting from the management were audited 
for their legality and regularity. 

CPMA was audited by the EC and the European Court of Auditors in 2008 and 2009 with the 
objective  of  ensuring  that  the  CPMA  still  fulfils  the  accreditation  requirements  for  the 
implementation  of  centralised  indirect  management  in  the  context  of  the  decommissioning 
activities of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP).  

18 

19

"The Ignalina Programme shall include measures to support plant personnel in maintaining a high level 
of operational safety at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant in the periods prior to the closure and during 
the decommissioning of the said reactor units." 

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/decommissioning/doc/01_evaluation_decommissioning_fin

al_report_250907.pdf 

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The European Court of Auditors conducted an audit in the context of the preparation of the 
statement  of  assurance20  in  2008  (DAS2008).  Following  DAS2008,  the  EC  initiated  an 
external financial audit of the Bohunice International Decommissioning Support Fund.  

Following a feasibility study in 2009 by the European Court of Auditors, the Court decided to 
conduct a full performance audit of all three decommissioning programmes (ongoing). 

The  recommendations  from  the  above  mentioned  evaluations  or  audits  to  improve  the 
thoroughly  assessed  and  are  being  continuously 
assistance  programme  have  been 
implemented in adjusting the procedural framework accordingly. 

3.2. 

Procedural Framework 

Stemming from the preparation of the new legal base (since 2007) and following evaluation 
and  lessons  learnt  from  the  first  years`  implementation  of  the  programme  a  new  procedural 
framework was put in place in 2007. 

The  mechanism  for  implementing  the  financial  assistance  in  2007-2013  is  laid  down  in  the 
Commission  Decision  on  the  Procedures21  (CDP).  The  decision  defines  the  roles  and 
responsibilities  of  the  involved  parties  as  well  as  the  procedures  for  programming  and 
monitoring  of  all  three  decommissioning  assistance  programmes  independent  of  the  chosen 
implementation channel. 

The first stage of implementation is the development of an annual programming document – 
Combined Programming Document (CPD). This document is prepared by the Member State 
concerned who is responsible at national level for the implementation of the programme. The 
CPD outlines the proposed use of funding and establishes a list of key objectives under which 
projects may be raised. The CPD is updated annually and addresses all relevant aspects of the 
programme. 

The funds are committed to the programmes by the EC on an annual basis by adopting every 
year  a  Commission  Decision  on  Financing  (CDF).  The  above  mentioned  CPD  becomes  an 
integral part of the CDF upon its adoption by the Commission. 

The  legal  base  requires  the  EC  to  establish  a  Management  Committee  (the  Nuclear 
Decommissioning  Assistance  Programme  Committee  (NDAP-C))  composed  of  nominated 
representatives of all EU Member States and chaired by the representative of the EC. The role 
of  NDAP-C  is  to  assist  the  EC  and  to  approve  the  procedural  and  financing  decisions 
(including  the  CPDs)  as  well  as  the  individual  projects  to  be  financed  under  the  EU 
assistance. 

The EC disburses payments (transfer of money from the EC to the EBRD and CPMA) upon 
the request of the implementing bodies based on the progress of project implementation. 

20 

21 

Article 248/1 of the Treaty establishing the European Community: The Court of Auditors shall provide 
the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  with  a  statement  of  assurance  as  to  the  reliability  of  the 
accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions which shall be published in the 
Official Journal of the European Union. This statement may be supplemented by specific assessments 
for each major area of Community activity. 
Commission  Decision  on  the  procedures  related  to  the  programming  and  monitoring  of  the  measures 
and financial assistance under the Bohunice and Ignalina programmes for the period 2007 to 2013 and 
under Kozloduy programme for the period 2007-2009 – C(2007)5538 

EN 

14 

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The  implementation  of  measures  and  financial  assistance  is  monitored  by  the  respective 
monitoring committee under each implementation channel. For specific projects, co-funding 
ceilings  have  been  provided  in  the  EBRD's  Assembly  of  Contributors'  approval  (e.g.  in 
Lithuania the CCGT project where the IIDSF finances the lower of 70% or €165 million - all 
cost overruns are thus borne by Lithuania). 

The  procedural  framework  is  improving  since  2007  and  DG  Energy  is  continuously 
integrating lessons learnt and feedback from implementation. Therefore following the recent 
adoption of the Council Regulation for the extension of assistance to Bulgaria beyond 2009, 
the CDP has been revised22. 

3.3. 

Implementing channels 

The legal base leaves a possibility for alternative implementation channels for the assistance 
to  be  implemented.  Assistance  is  currently  provided  via  two  channels:  contributions  to  the 
respective  IDSF  of  the  EBRD  and  through  a  nationally  managed  implementation  channel  – 
National  Agency,  in  line  with  Council  Regulation  1605/2002  on  the  Financial  Regulation 
applicable to the budget of the European Communities23. 

The  choice  of  implementation  channel  is  essentially  a  choice  made  by  the  beneficiary 
Member  State,  described  in  the  CPD  and  approved  by  the  EC  upon  fulfilment  of  required 
criteria. Today only Lithuania has implemented this direct national support channel. 

3.3.1. 

International Decommissioning Support Funds 

There exists one fund for each of the three Member States:  

•  Ignalina International Decommissioning Support Fund (IIDSF) 

•  Bohunice International Decommissioning Support Fund (BIDSF) 

•  Kozloduy International Decommissioning Support Fund (KIDSF). 

The IDSFs were established in 2000 and are managed by the EBRD in London in accordance 
with the EBRD`s rules and procedures as well as the individual Fund Rules. They are multi-
donor funds where contributing countries along with the EC (the largest and since 2004 the 
sole contributor) gather their contributions. This IDSF implementing mechanism has been put 
in place prior to the accession of the three countries to the EU, at a time when the multi-donor 
Fund was considered to be the appropriate instrument. Today, all three countries are Member 
States of the EU; however the implementing mechanism has not yet changed. 

The  tasks  of  the  EBRD  include  managing  the  public funds allocated to the programmes for 
decommissioning  and  monitoring  the  financial  management  of  these  programmes  so  as  to 
optimise  the  use  of  public  money.  In  addition,  the  EBRD  carries  out  the  budget  tasks 
entrusted to it by the Commission in line with the requirements of the Financial Regulation. 

The governing body overseeing all three funds is the Assembly of Contributors (AoC) chaired 
by the representative of the EC. The AoC meets twice a year and takes the final decision on 

22 
23 

Commission Decision on the Procedures C(2010)6885 final 
OJ L 248, 16.09.2002, p.1  

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15 

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the  eligibility  of  projects  financed  with  the  resources  of  the  funds.  It  supervises  the 
implementation performed by the EBRD, approves the 6 monthly work programmes and draft 
Grant Agreements presented by the EBRD. 

The  EBRD  enters  into  Grant  Agreements  for  each  project  or  set  of  projects  with  recipient 
organisations.  It  is  the  recipient  who  is  responsible  for  all  contracting  matters  with  the 
suppliers,  while  EBRD  pays  directly  to  the  contractor  after  verified  completion  of  the 
projects. 

The lifetime of the funds as stated in the latest version of Fund Rules is 31 December 2016. 
The  AoC  may  take  a  decision  to  extend  this  lifetimes  based  upon  the  presentation  of  a 
justified case. 

The EC – EBRD relationship 

In  order  to  improve  the  cooperation  between  the  EC  as  the  main  donor  and  the  only 
contributor  to  IDSFs  since  2004  and  the  EBRD  as  funds  manager,  in  2007  the  two  parties 
signed a Memorandum of Understanding24 together with a set of Implementing Rules25. The 
Implementing  Rules  set  out  how  the  cooperation  between  the  EC  and  the  EBRD  should  be 
organized  and  define  the  channels  of  communication  and  exchange  of  information  between 
the two for all issues related to activities of IDSFs. 

A  flow  of  technical  and  financial  information  related  to  IDSFs`  activities  is  maintained 
between the EC and the EBRD at the working level. A Joint Steering Committee composed of 
representatives of the EC, the respective recipient country, and the EBRD has been created for 
each  of  the  funds.  This  Committee  assists  in  ensuring  the  complementarities  of  activities 
financed  from  the  respective  fund  with  those  financed  within  national  programmes  and 
through bilateral EC assistance. 

An AoC pre-meeting is held between EBRD and EC prior to each AoC meeting to prepare the 
detailed  technical  issues,  answer  outstanding  questions,  as  well  as  the  main  documents 
coming up at the meeting. This information is afterwards distributed to the NDAP-C that is 
asked to deliver its opinion. 

The EC contributions to the Funds 

The  EC  contributions  to  the  IDSFs,  based  on  annual  CDF,  are  committed  by  means  of 
individual annual Contribution Agreements concluded between the EC and the EBRD. At this 
stage however, no money is actually transferred to the EBRD. 

Individual contributions to any of the funds are not identified for specific projects and as such 
it is not possible to distinguish which project was paid from which contribution.  

24 

25 

Memorandum  of  Understanding  between  the  European  Commission  and  the  European  Bank  for 
Reconstruction and Development in respect of reinforcing cooperation in the field of energy; signed on 
13 July 2007 in Brussels  
Implementing rules for co-operation between the European Commission and the EBRD in the field of 
nuclear  decommissioning  in  the  context  of  the  International  Decommissioning  Support  Funds  for 
Ignalina, Bohunice and Kozloduy; signed on 10 December 2007 in London 

EN 

16 

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Actual payments to the IDSFs, governed by Contribution Agreements are disbursed (transfer 
of money from the EC to the EBRD) on the basis of regular procurement forecasts, normally 
presented every 6 months.  

Payment requests can be made for projects where the contract signature is expected within the 
forecasted  period  and  for  which  the  Grant  Agreements  have  already  been  approved.  The 
disbursement  decision  is  taken  by  the  EC  following  a  financial  and  technical  review  of  the 
submitted documentation. The payments from the EC to the IDSFs can be effected as long as 
the IDSFs remain in force. 

3.3.2.  National Agency 

Protocol No. 4 on INPP in Lithuania provides for alternative implementation routes via which 
the assistance can be delivered directly to Lithuania through a national administration body. 
In  Lithuania  appropriate  national 
the 
implementation of measures through a national agency in accordance with Articles 53(a) and 
54(2)(c) of the Financial Regulation.  

implementation  structures  are 

in  place  for 

During  the  period  of  2004-2006,  the  direct  assistance  to  Lithuania  was  provided  via  the 
Programmed  Instrument  mechanism.  This  is  a  PHARE-type  approach  aimed  at  addressing 
safety culture, safe maintenance and social-related issues, as well as those decommissioning 
projects which for reasons of practical expediency could be better managed by the Lithuanian 
authorities. 

Under  the  current  financial  perspective,  the  EC  designated26  in  2007  the  CPMA  as  the 
national  agency  for  the  assistance  programme  under  "centralized  indirect  management",  so 
replacing "decentralized management" based PHARE and Programmed Instrument systems.  

The  key  feature  of  the  functioning  of  the  national  channel  is  its  clear  distinction  between 
programming  and  financing.  The  Ministry  of  Energy  (earlier  the  Ministry  of  Economy 
(MoE)),  is  responsible  for  programme  and  project  development  and  coordination,  while  the 
Ministry of Finance is responsible for financial control. 

The  CPMA  is  the  contracting  authority  and  ensures  the  implementation  of  investments  and 
management of project preparation, selection, appraisal, procurement, contracting and control 
in full accordance with EU legislation and national Lithuanian law. 

The EC – CPMA relationship 

The cooperation between the EC and CPMA is governed by an Operating agreement27 setting 
out the practical implementation arrangements of the programme. In addition to the operating 
agreement a set of guidelines exists that clearly defines a consistent and pragmatic programme 
monitoring  and  reporting  system,  providing  detailed  information  on  project  progress,  costs 
and time schedules. 

26 

27 

Letter dated 4 June 2007 from the EC to Lithuania: Nomination of the National Agency for the Ignalina 
Programme 
Commission  –  National  Agency  Operating  Agreement  for  the  implementation  of  the  2007-2013 
Ignalina Programme, signed 21 December 2007 

EN 

17 

   EN 

 
                                                 
CPMA signs contracts with beneficiaries upon validation of the project identification  fiches 
by the EC. These fiches are prepared by the beneficiary and submitted via the CPMA to the 
EC. Upon consultation of the NDAP-C the Commission provides its approval of or comments 
to the fiches. 

A  Monitoring  Committee  reviews  every  six  months  the  progress  made  towards  meeting  the 
objectives of the programme as set out in the CPD and approves the draft monitoring reports 
provided by the CPMA. The meetings are chaired jointly by the EC and national programme 
coordinator. 

The EC contributions to the national channel 

The  EC  contributions,  based  on  an  annual  CDF,  are  committed  by  means  of  individual 
annual Contribution Agreements concluded between the EC and the CPMA.  

The Commission executes payments (disbursements) at the request of the CPMA, following 
approved  project  identification  fiches  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Contribution 
Agreements. Funds are transferred from the EC to the Ministry of Finance and from there to 
the CPMA. A State guarantee is in place over the full value of the programme. 

4. 

COUNTRY REPORTS 

Nuclear decommissioning is the final step in the lifecycle of a nuclear installation extending 
over  a  period  of  ca.  30  years.  It  covers  all  activities  from  shutdown  and  removal  of  fissile 
material to the environmental restoration of the site. 

The decommissioning process can be considered in phases, such as pre-decommissioning or 
operation  termination  period  where  preparatory  works  are  executed  and  decommissioning 
itself. 

The  pre-decommissioning  period  comprises  all  activities  necessary  for  plant  operation 
termination  and  preparatory  activities  for  decommissioning.  During  this  period,  systems 
necessary after shutdown of the reactor units are modified, decommissioning documentation 
in  order  to  obtain  the  decommissioning  license  is  elaborated,  all  fuel  is  transported  to  the 
interim  spent  fuel  storage  (ISFS),  operational  radioactive  waste  (RAW)  is  processed, 
characterisation of RAW takes place and decommissioning preparation activities start. 

In  some  Member  States,  some  of  the  facilities  necessary  for  the  decommissioning  were 
already  in  place,  in  some  Member  States  they  had  to  be  constructed  and  installed  or 
refurbished in the operation termination period. Amongst others, these include ISFS where the 
fuel is transferred to, RAW treatment facilities, interim storages and repository for RAW. 

in  preparation  of 

The  principal  step 
the 
decommissioning  documentation.  It  provides  general  technical  and  financial  information  on 
possible  and  reasonable  decommissioning  options  and  demonstrates  that  the  future 
decommissioning  process  will  be  technically  feasible  and,  most  importantly,  suitable  in 
compliance with provisions under the Euratom Treaty and national law for health protection, 
nuclear safety, physical and environmental protection. 

the  decommissioning 

is  elaboration  of 

Early  shutdown  of  the  respective  NPPs  had  an  impact  on  the  security  of  energy  supply. 
Therefore  it  has  been  agreed  to  cover  measures  to  mitigate  impacts  on  the  energy  sector. 

EN 

18 

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These  measures  were  derived  from  the  national  strategic  energy  plans  in  line  with  the  EU 
energy policy. 

To  ensure  safe  and  reliable  electricity  supply,  modifications  and  refurbishment  of  the 
electricity  grid  were  needed.  Where  deemed  necessary,  the  plans  to  assist  in  replacement 
capacity were executed - either via new and refurbished generating capacities, or via projects 
to support the energy efficiency in the Member States.  

The scope and nature of the projects realised in the three Member States are different as to the 
different  boundary  conditions  in  these  countries  –  national  policies,  state  of  the  existing 
facilities and networks and needs in the energy sector.  

the  assistance  aims 

three  principal  windows  -
to  cover  measures 
Although 
Decommissioning, Energy and Social consequences, it is the Member States that propose how 
to use and distribute the funds available, based on its needs and assessments. 

in 

The assistance started before the time of accession and well before the time of shut-down. The 
funds were made available on the annual basis at the times when Member States were not yet 
able  to  make  full  use  of  them,  therefore  they  accumulated  within  the  IDSFs  while 
administrative  preparations  continued.  The  accumulated  funds  have  started  to  be  better 
utilised in recent years and will likely be absorbed over the next two years. 

The assistance is not aimed to cover the full cost of decommissioning or to compensate for all 
economical consequences but represents an expression of solidarity between the EU and these 
Member States. Therefore the legal base allows for certain flexibility in the use of the funds. 
The  constructions  of  ISFSs  or  national  waste  repositories  as  well  as  some  other  RAW 
management projects are, strictly speaking, not part of the decommissioning. However due to 
historical  reasons,  some  Member  States  were  not  in  a  position  to  make  those  facilities 
available in due time. Therefore, in order to allow starting the process and to progress with the 
decommissioning of the early closed NPPs, those waste management projects were supported 
through  the  EU  assistance  programme.  This  should  be  considered  as  a  kind  of  'upfront' 
support to the Member States that must be duly taken into account in the case of discussions 
on potential further EU support. 

In the following sections, each individual country report contains a general part describing the 
closure  commitment  and  evolution  of  funding,  part  on  decommissioning  and  waste 
management  describing  the  situation  and  projects  in  this  area  and  an  energy  chapter 
discussing  the  situation  and  projects  in  the  energy  sector.  The  part  on  performance  of  the 
programmes deals with the financial and technical performance of the programmes. 

A detailed report on all projects undertaken since 1999 is beyond the scope of this report. It is 
nevertheless  beneficial  to  highlight  a  few  of  the  key  projects  undertaken  in  order  to  lend 
insight  to  the  overall  technical  progress  of  the  decommissioning  programmes.  A  full  list  of 
projects covered by the programmes will be found in the Annex. 

4.1. 

Lithuania – Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant 

4.1.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding 

Introduction 

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19 

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Lithuania had operated two RBMK-1500 nuclear reactors which were commissioned in 1983 
and  in  1987  respectively.  The  units  are  owned  by  INPP,  a  state  owned  enterprise  under  the 
responsibility of the Lithuanian Ministry of Economy and since 2009 under the newly created 
Ministry  of  Energy.  This  corporate  entity  was  responsible  for  operation  and  is  today 
responsible  for  safe  maintenance  of  the  plant  as  well  as  for  the  development  and 
implementation of the decommissioning programme for the two reactor units. 

In  the  context  of  its  accession  to  the  EU,  Lithuania  committed  itself  to  the  closure  of  both 
units. Unit 1 was permanently shut-down on 31 December 2004, and unit 2 on 31 December 
2009.  

Funding 

In  the  period  1999-2003  pre-accession  financial  assistance  of  €210  million  was  made 
available to Lithuania as an EU contribution to the IIDSF, managed by the EBRD. 

In  recognition  of  Lithuania's  closure  commitment,  to  support  Lithuania's  immediate 
decommissioning strategy and to address the economic consequences of the early closure of 
the two INPP units, the EU took the decision to extend its financial assistance beyond 2003. 
In the period 2004-2006 Lithuania's accession Protocol No. 4 foresaw the provision of €285 
million  of  funding  assistance  (€320  million  after  adjustments  for  inflation).  This  assistance 
was  implemented  via  two  routes;  through  the  IIDSF  managed  by  the  EBRD  and  through 
annual Programmed Instrument decisions managed by the CPMA. The Protocol No.4 already 
foresaw further continuation of financial support. 

Consequently  further  assistance  has  been  provided  in  the  period  2007-2013.  The  Council 
Regulation  on  the  implementation  of  Protocol  No.  4  to  the  Act  of  Accession  foresaw  the 
provision  of  an  additional  €837  million  of  decommissioning  support,  this  again  being 
implemented via the EBRD and via CPMA. 

The  projects  implemented  via  the  IIDSF  are  typically  large  infrastructural  projects,  such  as 
the Interim Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility B1 and the Waste treatment and storage facility 
projects  B2  and  B34  and  energy  projects.  By  contrast  the  projects  implemented  via  the 
National  Agency  are  typically  related  to  the  safe  maintenance  of  the  reactor  units  in  shut-
down condition as well as the actual implementation of decommissioning projects. 

As  the  programme  has  evolved,  the  infrastructural  projects  implemented  by  the  IIDSF  are 
gradually nearing completion, with an increasing focus on actual dismantling projects leading 
to  a  natural  increase  in  the  proportion  of  the  annual  budget  being  implemented  through  the 
CPMA.  

The  following  tables  provide  an  overview  of  the  financial  support  to  Lithuania  and  specific 
information  on  the  different  implementing  channels  EBRD  and  CPMA.  Up  to  2009  the 
provided figures represent the real commitments in accordance with the annual EC's financing 
decisions. The total financial assistance to Lithuania between 1999 and 2013 is foreseen to be 
€136728 million. As of 31.12.2009 a total of €875,5 million were committed out of which € 
760,4 million had been disbursed. 

Summary of EU commitments to Lithuania (€ million): situation as of 31.12.2009 

28 

The amount is the sum of: real commitments until the end of 2009 + forecast for 2010-2013 

EN 

20 

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Total 
foreseen 
1999-2013 

Before 
2004 

2004 

2005 

2006  2007  2008 

2009 

Total 
committed

206,5 

95 

88 

90 

76,2 

52,2 

36 

643,9 

3,5 

10 

18 

19 

36,8 

61,8 

82,5 

231,6 

1367 

210 

105 

106 

109 

113 

114 

118,5 

875,5 

IIDSF 

National 
Agency 

Total 

Summary  of  EU  commitments,  allocations  and  disbursements  to  the  IIDSF*  (€  million) : 
situation as of 31.12.2009 

Total committed to IIDSF (EU and other donors) 

EU committed to IIDSF 

IIDSF allocated to projects 

Decommissioning and Waste 

Energy 

Disbursed – EU to IIDSF 

Total 

723,1 

643,9 

697,8 

409,4 

288,4 

592,6  

Summary  of  EU  commitments,  allocations  and  disbursements  to  the  CPMA*  (€  million) : 
situation as of 31.12.2009 

PI*** 

2007-2009 

Total 

EU committed to CPMA ** 

50,5 

181,1 

CPMA allocated to projects 

49,8 

134 

231,6 

183,8 

Decommissioning and 
Waste 

42,9 

99,0 

141,9 

Energy 

7,0 

35,0 

42,0 

Disbursed – EU to CPMA 

49,8 

120,9 

170,7 

* For commitment and disbursement procedures see chapter 3.3.1. and 3.3.2  

** The EU is the only contributor to CPMA 

*** Programmed Instrument 

4.1.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window 

Organisational issues 

From 1999 the responsibility for the Ignalina decommissioning programme was attributed to 
the Lithuanian government and specifically its MoE. 

EN 

21 

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In  April  2000  the  MoE  established  a  specific  Decommissioning  Service  within  the  INPP 
organisational structure, with full responsibility for INPP decommissioning. This service was 
supported  by  dedicated  expert  consultancy  services  to  assist  in  the  establishment  of 
decommissioning  planning,  and  engineering  and  project  management  services  to  the 
Decommissioning Service.  

Pursuant  to  the  Law  on  Radioactive  Waste  Management  of  1999,  the  Minister  of  Economy 
approved  on  16  May  2001  the  “Articles  of  Association  of  the  State  Enterprise  Agency  of 
Radioactive  Waste  Management”.  The  principle  aim  of  the  Agency  is  the  management  and 
disposal of all RAW transferred to it, assuring nuclear and radiation safety.  

The strategic planning activities associated with the closure and decommissioning of INPP 
are subject to Parliamentary, Governmental, Ministerial and regulatory approval.  

In the first instance the Lithuanian Law on Nuclear Energy requires the adoption of specific 
laws  to  cover  the  process  of  decommissioning  for  each  nuclear  facility.  The  Law  on  the 
Decommissioning of unit 1 of INPP was duly adopted on 2 May 2000. For the case of INPP 
unit 2, a single new law will be adopted covering the decommissioning process of both units. 
This new law is currently under preparation. 

In addition, the regulatory framework applicable to decommissioning requires the preparation 
of  a  governmentally  approved  Decommissioning  Programme  (DP)  and  a  magisterially 
approved Final Decommissioning Plan (FDP).  

The DP lays down legal, organisational, financial and technical measures for 

•  the final shut-down of units 1 and 2,  

•  the  termination  of  the  operation  of  the  equipment,  dismantling,  conservation,  RAW 

management and disposal,  

•  the mitigation of negative economic and social consequences relating to the early closure 

of INPP and dismissal of employees.  

The  DP  for  the  period  2005-2010  was  adopted  on  2 February  2005.  An  updated  version  is 
currently under preparation.  

The FDP is a more technical orientated document which details:  

•  the strategy for facility dismantling;  

•  an estimate of the decommissioning costs and schedule;  

•  an outline of the decommissioning methods and techniques;  

•  a quantification of waste produced by the decommissioning;  

•  a conceptual assessment of decommissioning safety and environmental impact assessment 

(EIA) programme;  

•  Plans for preparatory works, stages and facility designs.  

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The FDP was adopted on 4 July 2005; an amended version of the FDP is foreseen for end-
2010 and will present revisions to the personnel requirements, decommissioning costs and the 
schedules for the project. 

The preparation of the detailed plans for the decommissioning activities occurs in two steps 
which are both subject to regulatory approval: 

•  The  preparation  of  specific  Decommissioning  Projects  based  on  the  FDP  and  subject  to 

granting of the necessary licenses or authorisation.  

•  The  preparation  of 

the  detailed  procedures  required  for 

the  execution  of 

the 

decommissioning activities outlined in the Decommissioning Project. 

The practical implementation of the overall DP and the allocation of funding for this purpose 
is  then  transposed  into  an  annual  Measures  Implementation  Plan  subject  to  Ministerial 
approval. The Ministry intends to prepare a revised Measures Implementation Plan in 2010. 

In 2009 a new government was elected in Lithuania. Recognising the strategic importance of 
the energy topic this government created a new Ministry of Energy with full responsibility for 
the  Ignalina  decommissioning  programme.  This  transfer  has  been  characterized  by  a 
significant  increase  of  level  of  involvement  in,  and  ownership  of,  the  decommissioning 
project. 

After closure of both units, second in the end of 2009, in February 2010 significant changes to 
the management structure of INPP were implemented. This action reflected the change in role 
of INPP from an electricity generator to a decommissioning organisation. 

Key actions have been 

•  Recruitment of new external personnel to key organisational posts with specific industrial 

and commercial experience in order to accelerate the change in culture at INPP 

•  Reanalysis  of  the  existing  capabilities  with  a  view  to  internalise  key  additional 
decommissioning projects rather than having them performed by external contractors. This 
aims to develop the corporate knowledge in decommissioning as a key strategic asset, to 
encourage  the  retention  of  key  personnel  by  convincing  them  that  there  is  a  long  term 
future at INPP, and also but not least to reduce costs. 

Technical Issues 

At the start of the project, the absence of existing waste repositories in Lithuania represented a 
critical obstacle to the decommissioning and dismantlement of the Ignalina reactor units. To 
address this issue a series of projects were identified to provide an ISFS facility, a solid waste 
management and storage facility, near surface repositories, a landfill facility and its associated 
buffer stores and a free release facility. 

Closure also held significant consequences for the heat and power provision to the local town 
of  Visaginas.  Priority  was  therefore  given  to  the  provision  of  replacement  heat  and  steam 
boilers and a renewal of the district heating systems. 

Today both reactor units at INPP are permanently shut-down. These actions conform to the 
requirements  of  the  Accession  treaty.  Unit  1  is  in  the  Reactor  Final  Shutdown  stage  as 

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approved by the State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate while the necessary documentation 
to achieve this status for unit 2 is under preparation.  

Unit  1  reactor  defueling  is  completed,  with  some  fuel  assemblies  remaining  in  the  reactor 
storage  pools.  In  the  period  between  the  closure  of  unit  1  and  unit  2,  a  number  of  partially 
burnt-up fuel assemblies were transported from unit 1 to unit 2 for reuse. This action negated 
the  need  for  procurement  of  additional  fresh  fuel  for  unit  2,  and  reduced  significantly  the 
overall number of spent fuel inventory requiring ISFS.  

At this time the unit 2 reactor core remains fully loaded, such that essential reactor systems 
must be maintained in an operational condition. Defueling of the unit 1 and 2 pools and the 
reactor core will recommence upon completion of the new ISFS facility which is foreseen to 
be commissioned in early 2011. 

In their current state both reactors require to be maintained in a safe condition. It has been the 
Lithuanian strategy to utilise, as far as possible existing staff, to perform the dismantling and 
decommissioning  works  and  eventually  to  operate  the  waste  repositories.  Such  a  strategy 
helps  to  ensure  continuity  in  safety  standards  at  the  plant,  while  being  highly  cost  effective 
compared to employing external contractors. In addition it reduces the social impact of INPP 
closure on the region. 

A selection of the key projects that were funded by the EU support is listed below (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme will be found in the Annex): 

•  Safe  maintenance  of  unit  1  and  2:  Financial  support  has  been  dedicated  to  the  plant 
personnel to safely maintain both reactor units after their final shut-down. Existing staff are 
currently also supported to perform preparatory as well as dismantling works.  

•  VATESI support: The Lithuanian nuclear regulator – VATESI - holds a key position in 
the  authorisation  and  licensing  process.  Support  to  VATESI  has  been  an  ongoing  action 
since 2001. This project provides specialist western European technical support to review 
decommissioning related documentation in order to accelerate the licensing and approval 
processes.  

•  Provision of Consultant support to INPP: On-site project management and engineering 
consultancy  support  to  the  IIDSF  projects  has  been  provided  to  INPP  since  2001.  This 
support  has  led  to  the  development  of  the  FDP,  the  development,  procurement  and 
supervision of the major decommissioning support projects as well as the training of INPP 
personnel.  

•  Interim  spent  fuel  store  (B1):  Prior  to  the  closure  of  unit  2  the  existing  INPP  ISFS  at 
INPP  was  almost  fully  occupied.  A  priority  project  was  therefore  implemented  for  the 
construction of the new ISFS to allow the fuel to be removed from the Unit 1 and 2 cores. 
The  B1  project  included  also  the  design  and  manufacturing  of  storage  casks  for  spent 
nuclear RBMK fuel elements. The B1 project has encountered several problems during the 
preparatory phase that have led to a significant delay of 4 years and an increase in costs 
(initial budget foreseen: € 171 million; current budget € 193 million): 

–  Inaccurate  fuel  characterization  data  relevant  for  the  design  of  the  spent  fuel 

casks; 

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–  The protracted licensing approval processes in Lithuania for the technical design 

and safety case, 

–  Difficulties  with  the  main  contractor  of  which  the  owner  was  changed  several 

times; 

–  Insufficient  commitment  and  deficiencies  in  project  management  on  both,  the 

contractor and owner side, in the early phase of the project. 

Today,  both  sides  are  committed  to  the  project  and  the  construction  is  progressing 
well. The facility is currently foreseen to be commissioned in mid 2011. 

•  Solid  waste  management  and  storage  facility  (B234):  The  project  for  the  design  and 
construction of a new Solid Waste Management and Storage Facility for the management 
of short and long-lived low and intermediate level RAW. This project, involving the same 
contractor, is also delayed for several reasons: 

–  Both  parties  entered  into  the  contractual  arrangement,  although  changes  in 
contract  scope  and  technical  requirements  were  already  known  by  both  parties 
before contract signature. 

–  Contractor  submissions  of  technical  design  and  safety  case  was  late  and  to  an 

unacceptable quality from the owners point of view. 

–  Contractor under-assessment of technical approval procedures in LT  

–  Protracted national approval system, involving numerous different parties.  

–  Delay  in  settlement  of  contractual  disputes;  Project  Management  Unit  (PMU) 
requested  by  EBRD  fund  rules  to  support  INPP  on  commercial  level  was  not 
proactively involved. 

The  project  has  entered  into  a  commercial  dispute  between  the  owner  and  the 

contractor. A settlement of the commercial dispute is currently under discussion  

On  the  technical  level,  a  complete  reassessment  of  the  project  timeline  is  currently 

being undertaken and discussed between the contracting parties. 

•  Free release measurement facility: The new Free Release Measurement Facility has been 

completed and is undergoing its final acceptance trials. 

•  Detailed decommissioning plans for specific building: The engineering planning for the 
phased dismantling of contaminated and activated systems and buildings is ongoing. These 
projects aim at establishing a benchmark for the safe and cost-effective decommissioning 
of  NPPs  with  RBMK  reactors.  The  dismantling  work  on  the  Emergency  Core  Cooling 
Building  will  commence  in  2010  and  will  be  performed  by  the  staff  of  INPP.  The 
necessary tools have already been procured. There are delays with this project which can 
be  attributed  to  the  contractors  underestimation  of  the  effort  required  to  obtain  licensing 
approval. 

•  Preparation of a decommissioning database and planning tool: Detailed planning will 
make  use  of  the  now  operable  Decommissioning  Database  &  Management  System.  In 

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addition a detailed workforce accounting system is being developed. The progress towards 
full  decommissioning  and  the  full  estimated  and  actual  costs  of  decommissioning  are 
monitored via this system. 

•  Primary  circuit  decontamination:  The  projects  for  the  decontamination  of  the  main 
circuit of unit 1 and construction of the new Decommissioning Training Centre, are now 
underway.  

•  Landfill Facility and Buffer storage: The project for the Landfill Facility is progressing 
well  and  the  contract  for  the  design  of  the  Near  Surface  Repository  for  low  and 
intermediate level short lived RAW has recently been awarded. 

•  Radiological  characterisation:  Radiological  characterization  of  the  plant  facilities  is  a 
key issue to prepare for safe and efficient dismantling. The characterisation programme is 
well progressing and will be finalised by the plant’s own staff. 

4.1.3.  Energy window 

Lithuania  experiences  significant  risk  and  uncertainty  with  respect  to  energy  supply  as  a 
function of the isolated nature from EU electricity grid of the Baltic electricity network. The 
closure of INPP units 1 and 2, only exasperates this high dependence  upon Russian gas, oil 
and electricity imports.  

In a bid to mitigate these risks Lithuania has established a National Energy Strategy, which 
addresses the issues, energy efficiency, energy security of supply, environmental issues, and 
energy management improvements. 

The  energy  chapter  of  the  Ignalina  programme  links  to  this  strategy  by  addressing  some 
critical  issues with a  view to  minimising  the  energy  supply  risks  during  the  period  between 
the  closure  of  INPP  unit  2  and  the  proposed  construction  of  alternative  power  generation 
capacity. 

Within this context a number of key energy sector projects have been supported (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme is to be found in the Annex): 

•  Upgrade  of  Lithuanian  thermal  power  plant:  A  project  was  instigated  to  improve  the 
efficiency  and  reduce  particulate  emissions  in  line  with  the  environmental  legislative 
framework  of  the  EU,  at  the  existing  Lithuanian  thermal  power  plant.  This  action  was 
necessary  to  allow  the  thermal  power  plant  to  operate  over  the  coming  years  within  the 
environmental constraints, and therefore be able to provide efficient replacement capacity 
after closure of INPP. 

•  Compensatory shunt reactor: A consequence of the closure of the generating capacity at 
INPP there was a need to establish a balancing resistance to the now redundant arm of the 
electricity  distribution  network.  This  was  achieved  through  the  construction  of  a  shunt 
reactor station. 

•  Replacement  of  gas-fired  boilers  for  Visaginas  town:  Prior  to  INPP  closure  Visaginas 
town,  obtained  its  heat  and  hot  water  via  the  waste  heat  from  Unit 2  via  an  open-loop 
system. Closure of INPP necessitated the construction of replacement gas-fired boilers to 
provide heating to the town. These have been completed under an IIDSF funded project.  

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•  Upgrade of district heating systems of Visaginas: Linked to the boiler replacements was 
the upgrade of the district heating system of Visaginas to ensure reliable and efficient heat 
supply.  

•  Heat only boiler station: For the continued reliable steam and heat supply to INPP (and 
nearby city Visaginas), new gas-fired steam and heat boiler stations have been constructed 
and the related pipe work modernised; the transformation of the entire district heating to a 
modern closed-type system is ongoing.  

•  CCGT: EU funds have been made available to the IIDSF for co financing (€ 165 million 
out  of  €  329.4  million)  of  the  construction  of  a  400MW  Combined  Cycle  Gas  Turbine 
(CCGT).  The  CCGT  will  replace  two  existing  inefficient  150MW  thermal  units  at  the 
Lithuanian thermal power plant.  

•  Energy  efficiency  upgrading  of  multi-apartment  residential  buildings:  In  the  energy 
efficiency  sector,  the  co-financing  of  the  energy  efficiency  upgrading  of  multi-apartment 
residential  buildings  has  been  provided.  The  project  is  implemented  through  an  effective 
pre-existing  mechanism  in  Lithuania  administered  through  the  Housing  &  Urban 
Development Agency.  

•  Energy efficiency upgrading of public buildings: Energy efficiency upgrading projects 
have  also  been  instigated  in  schools,  hospitals  and  other  publicly-owned  buildings 
providing services to the general public in the INPP region. 

•  Construction  of  the  interconnection  between  the  Polish  and  Lithuanian  power 
systems (LitPol Link): Preliminary planning actions associated with such a cross-border 
interconnection and the related extension of the electricity network.  The LitPol  Link is a 
key  project  in  the  context  of  the  Baltic  Energy  Market  Interconnection  Plan  aiming  at 
integrating  the  Baltic  electricity  market  into  the  EU  energy  market,  as  well  as  for  the 
development  of  a  new  nuclear  power  plant  in  Lithuania  for  the  supply  security  of  the 
region. 

4.1.4.  Performance 

Financial Performance  

•  Out  of  the  total  amount  (€  954,70  million)  of  the  funds  available  for  IIDSF  (€  723,10 
million)  and  CPMA  (€  231,60  million)  the  amount  allocated  to  defined  projects  is  of  € 
881,60 million. 

•  The amount disbursed from EU (€ 763,30 million)  to IIDSF (€ 592,60 million) and CPMA 
(€ 170,70 million) is the amount that has been till today actually needed for contracts that 
have already been signed or are to be signed within next 6 months. 

•  The projects necessary for the period of operation have been identified, prepared and are 

currently under implementation or have already been implemented. 

•  Serious delays and additional costs have been experienced in the key infrastructural spent 

fuel and waste repository projects with respect to original estimates.  

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•  A significant portion of the funding has been directed to waste management projects (spent 
fuel  storage  and  waste  repositories).  Without  those  projects  the  defueling  of  the  reactor 
units and subsequent decommissioning would not be possible. 

•  Delays  to  date  have  been  accommodated  by  available  slack  in  the  system,  however  this 
slack is now almost completely exhausted and delays will soon start to impinge upon the 
critical path for the whole decommissioning plan, with the commensurate increase in cost.  

•  Large  proportions  of  the  funds  have  been  allocated  to  energy  projects  upon  request  of 
Lithuanian  government  to  mitigate  the  consequences  of  the  closure  in  the  energy  sector. 
Although  this  being  in  line  with  the  legal  basis  for  the  EU  support,  further  efforts  must 
concentrate  on  decommissioning  projects  as  the  national  decommissioning  fund  has  still 
largely insufficient financial resources. 

•  The  projects  which  are  necessary  to  secure  the  electricity  supply  (including  energy 
efficiency projects) and the stability of electricity grid have been identified, prepared and 
are currently under implementation or have already been implemented.  

Technical Performance  

From the beginning of the programme, over the years there were several circumstances that 
led to delays of some projects` implementation (mostly decommissioning projects) that can be 
explained by several factors caused by the complexity of the whole process: 

•  Efforts of Lithuania prior to 2009 in trying to extend the INPP Unit 2 operation until 2012. 
This  lack  of  commitment  to  close  the  second  negatively  impacted  the  progress  of 
decommissioning. 

•  Problems with one of the main contractors where contracts were signed and immediately 

afterwards modified as well as the poor quality technical submissions. 

•  Management of the interfaces with regulators that are in charge to provide assessment and 
agreement  to  proceed  for  some  projects  has  also  interfered  in  the  schedule  due  to 
unforeseen regulatory decisions (safety etc.). 

•  The  change  from  an  electricity  production  to  a  decommissioning  company  required 
changes  in  the  organizational  structure  and  changes  of  human  resources  at  INPP.  Such  a 
shift, including the swap of mentality is not an overnight process and requires considerable 
efforts  and  time.  This  process  has  been  driven  by  the  new  Lithuanian  government 
(following 
the 
that  has 
the  elections 
decommissioning process. 

taken  over  full  ownership  of 

in  2008) 

Nevertheless it must be underlined that INPP has developed and is currently finalising the full 
operation of a decommissioning planning tool that will allow INPP management, in case of 
occurring delays, to assess the potential impact on the overall decommissioning schedule and 
to implement appropriate mitigating measures. 

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4.2. 

Slovakia– Bohunice V1 Nuclear Power Plant  

4.2.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding 

Introduction 

The nuclear site Jaslovské Bohunice is situated in the west of Slovakia. Altogether there are 
five  nuclear  units  of  different  types,  two  of  which  –  V1  NPP  -  are  subject  to  the  EU 
assistance. The V1 NPP consists of two pressurised water reactors of VVER 440/230 design. 
These reactors were commissioned in 1978 in 1980 respectively. 

The  owner  and  responsible  for  the  V1  NPP  operation  and,  after  shut-down,  for 
decommissioning, is the state owned (via MoE) company "Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť 
a.s." (JAVYS) – the successor of Slovenské Elektrárne a.s. (SE). JAVYS is also owner and 
responsible for operation of waste management facilities, ISFS and RAW repository. 

In  the  context  of  its  accession  to  the  EU  and  in  compliance  with  Slovak  Energy  Policy, 
Slovakia committed itself to shutdown of both V1 NPP units. Unit 1 was permanently shut-
down on 31 December 2006 and unit 2 on 31 December 2008.  

Funding 

In the period 1999-2003 pre-accession financial assistance of €90 million was made available 
to Slovakia as an EU contribution to the BIDSF, managed by the EBRD. 

In  recognition  of  Slovakia's  closure  commitment,  to  support  Slovakia's  decommissioning 
effort and to address the economic consequences of the early closure of the two V1 NPP units, 
the EU took the decision to extend its financial assistance beyond 2003. In the period 2004-
2006  Slovakia's  accession  Protocol  No.  9  foresaw  the  provision  of  €90  million  of  funding 
assistance (€100 million after adjustments for inflation). This assistance was implemented via 
the BIDSF managed by the EBRD.  

In the period 2007-2013 the Council Regulation on the implementation of Protocol No. 9 to 
the Act of Accession foresaw the provision of an additional €423 million of decommissioning 
support, this again being implemented via the EBRD. 

The following tables provide an overview of the financial support to Slovakia. Up to 2009 the 
provided figures represent the real commitments in accordance with the annual Commission's 
financing decisions.  

The  total  financial  assistance  to  Slovakia  between  1999  and  2013  is  foreseen  to  be  €61329 
million. As of 31.12.2009 a total of €363,72 million were committed out of which € 157,807 
million had been disbursed. 

29 

The amount is the sum of: real commitments until the end of 2009 + forecast for 2010-2013 

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Summary  of  EU  commitments  to  Slovakia  (€  million): 
assistance to Slovakia is provided via the BIDSF. 

situation  as  of  31.12.2009;  the 

Total 
foreseen 
1999 - 2013 

Before 
2004 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

Total 
committed

613 

90 

33 

33 

34 

56,72 

58 

59 

363,72 

Summary  of  EU  commitments,  allocations  and  disbursements  (€  million):  situation  as  of 
31.12.2009 

Total committed to BIDSF 

EU committed to BIDSF 

Allocated to projects 

Decommissioning and Waste 

Energy 

Disbursed - EU to BIDSF 

Total 

385,807 

363,720 

364,073 

196,173 

167,900 

157,807 

* For commitment and disbursement procedures see chapter 3.3.1. 

4.2.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window 

Organisational issues 

In September 1999 Slovakia committed itself to shutdown both units of V1 NPP, through the 
adoption of Resolution No. 801/1999. 

The Framework Agreement between Slovakia and EBRD concerning the activities of BIDSF 
was  signed  in  2001  and  the  PMU  responsible  for  preparation  and  implementation  of 
decommissioning projects was established at SE (at that time the owner and operator of the 
V1  NPP,  therefore  beneficiary  -  recipient  of  the  assistance).  Consequently  SE  signed 
contracted  a  company  already  experienced  in  decommissioning,  to  be  integrated  within  the 
PMU (PMU Consultant), and to deliver the Consultancy services and expertise necessary for 
decommissioning. 

One of the important deliverables of the PMU in 2005 was the V1 NPP decommissioning and 
historical waste management strategy that identified needs and projects in this area. 

In 2005, a company named GovCo resulting from the privatization of SE was established, and 
became  the  owner  and  operator  of  the  V1  NPP.  In  2006,  GovCo  was  renamed  to  JAVYS 
(beneficiary of the assistance). 

In  Slovakia,  the  governmental  Decree  No.  974/2000  establishes  that  the  first  step  in 
preparation  of  the  V1 NPP  decommissioning  documentation  is  the  development  of  the  V1 

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Conceptual  decommissioning  plan  (V1CDP).  An  already  existing  V1CDP  was  updated  in 
2006 (and "EIA report of V1 decommissioning" was elaborated). It provides general technical 
and financial information on possible and reasonable decommissioning options and identifies 
possible projects for pre-decommissioning period. 

Based  on  V1CDP,  in  March  2007  the  Ministry  of  Environment  selected  the  Immediate 
V1 NPP  Decommissioning  as  the  preferred  option.  This  option  represents  immediate  and 
continuous dismantling of equipment, demolition of buildings and preparation of the site for 
future use. The works are divided into three stages: pre-decommissioning period (until the end 
of 2011), stage 1 decommissioning (non-active systems dismantling; until 2015) and stage 2 
decommissioning (active  systems  dismantling) until 2025 when the decommissioning of the 
V1 NPP shall be finalized. 

In  order  to  accelerate  the  process  and  to  be  able  to  use  the  existing  experienced  staff  for 
dismantling  activities,  JAVYS  decided  to  re-evaluate  the  activities  originally  planned  for 
different stages of decommissioning. The “Optimization study of V1 NPP decommissioning” 
was prepared in 2008 and identified several possibilities from which projects have risen. 

In  2009  and  early  in  2010  the  V1CDP  served  as  a  basis  for  the  development  of  a  detailed 
Decommissioning  Strategy  by  JAVYS.  The  Strategy  defines  individual  dismantling 
activities  until  the  end  of  decommissioning  and  provides  an  indicative  decommissioning 
schedule. It also states an estimation of the overall cost of the decommissioning of V1 NPP. 
Based on this Strategy, the decommissioning license could be obtained by 30 July 2011 and 
the actual decommissioning process should commence immediately thereafter. 

Technical issues 

Unlike  in  other  countries  some  of  the  facilities  necessary  for  the  decommissioning  already 
exist in Slovakia. At the Bohunice site there is a wet ISFS where the fuel will be transferred 
and most of the RAW treatment facilities that are needed are in operation. There is also a near 
surface  repository  for  low  and  intermediate  level  RAW  at  the  Mochovce  site.  Owner  and 
operator of these facilities is JAVYS. 

However  V1  NPP  decommissioning  and  historical  waste  management  strategy  identified 
some  needs  either  for  enlargement  or  refurbishment  of  the  existing  or  construction  of  new 
RAW management facilities. 

Today,  both  units  are  permanently  shut-down.  Unit  1  is  completely  defueled  into  the 
dedicated wet ISFS. Unit 2 will be completely defueled into the same ISFS in the beginning 
of 2011. The V1 operation license is valid until the end of 2011 - until then the V1 NPP will 
be  in  operation  termination  period  (unless  decommissioning  license  is  issued  earlier,  as 
mentioned above).  

From the beginning JAVYS attributed the priority first to projects which facilitate the start-up 
of  the  decommissioning  activities  in  a  safe  and  secure  way.  At  the  same  time,  during  the 
operation termination period, systems necessary for sequential shutdown of the reactor units 
and  operation  termination  are  being  modified,  V1 NPP  decommissioning  documentation  is 
being elaborated in order to obtain the decommissioning license, all fuel will be transported to 
the  wet  ISFS,  operational  RAW  are  being  processed  and  decommissioning  preparation 
activities are under implementation.  

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A selection of the key projects that were funded by the EU support is listed below (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme is to be found in the Annex): 

•  The  V1  NPP  Decommissioning  1st  stage  plan  and  other  documentation:  project  for 

elaboration of necessary documentation in order to obtain decommissioning license 

•  Reconstruction  of  the  auxiliary  boiler  station  and  heating  and  steam  distribution 
system was undertaken in order to compensate for the loss of heating and steam supply for 
the nearby nuclear installations and cities. 

•  Reconstruction  of  area  protection  system:  Reliable  physical  protection  system  to 
separate  the  decommissioned  units  1  and  2  from  the  rest  of  the  nuclear  site  which  will 
remain  in  operation.  This  project  has  been  significantly  delayed  due  to  privatisation 
process of SE and subsequent modifications and negotiations by JAVYS and the owner of 
neighbouring NPP.  

•  Interim storage of RAW at Bohunice site: Construction of the interim storage of RAW 
that  does  not  comply  with  the  acceptance  criteria  of  the  repository;  buffer  storage  of 
decommissioning waste. The project is delayed because of the change of initial scope and 
relocation on site. 

•  Storage  casks  for  spent  fuel:  Due  to  early  shut-down  and  the  beginning  of  pre-
decommissioning  works,  it  was  necessary  to  increase  the  nuclear  safety  on  site  by 
relocating the spent fuel from the units into the ISFS. For this purpose it was necessary to 
procure storage casks for spent fuel. 

•  Treatment of historical waste – sludges and sorbents:  The objective is to retrieve and 
process  the  RAW  from  storage  tanks.  This  project  experienced  serious  delay  in  the 
procurement  phase.  Whether  this  impacts  on  the  issuing  of  the  decommissioning  is 
currently under assessment with the nuclear regulator. 

•  Modification  of  JAVYS  power  supply  scheme  after  V1  NPP  final  shut-down: 
Modification of the power system of JAVYS to ensure the continuous supply of electricity 
for the decommissioning works and other installations in operation. 

•  Implementation  of  the  decommissioning  programme  using  the  human  resources 
available at the Bohunice V1 NPP: Financing of human resources of JAVYS dedicated 
to the preparation and implementation of the decommissioning projects which is more cost 
effective than outsourcing the works to external companies. 

•  PMU  Consultancy  support:  On-site  project  management  and  engineering  consultancy 
support  provided  to  the  PMU  of  JAVYS.  The  support  contributed  to  the  development, 
procurement  and  supervision  of  the  decommissioning  projects  and  the  Decommissioning 
Strategy. 

4.2.3.  Energy window 

Fulfilling  the  commitment  to  shut-down  the  V1  NPP  led  to  a  phase  out  of  880  MWe  of 
installed generating capacity in Slovakia. Therefore it has been necessary to take measures in 
order to mitigate some of the negative impacts on the Slovak energy sector and to ensure safe 
and reliable electricity supply.  

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The  long-term  objectives  of  Slovakia  in  the  field  of  energy  are  defined  in  the  “Strategy  of 
Energy  Security  of  the  Slovak  Republic  by  2030”.  All  projects  proposed  for  financing/co-
financing from the assistance are in compliance with this Strategy. 

The Slovak electricity transmission system is operated by Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová 
sústava a.s. (SEPS). In 2002, SEPS requested to use the assistance for financing of investment 
projects related to those parts and systems of the grid, which are affected directly by the final 
shutdown of the V1 NPP.  

A selection of the key projects that were funded by the EU support is listed below (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme is to be found in the Annex): 

•  Reconstruction of Križovany 400kV substation: Firstly, in order to resolve the problem 
of post-closure grid instability, the existing transformation sub-station Križovany has been 
reconstructed and adjusted to the new conditions of electricity supply. 

•  Measures  in  the  transmission  sector  consequent  to  final  shut-down  of  V1  NPP:  In 
connection with the shutdown of the V1 NPP, it is necessary to install transformations in 
the transmission system. 

•  Sustainable  energy  financial  facility:  The  objective  is  to  extend  loans  to  the  private 
sector to finance measures in the housing sector for energy efficiency and rational energy 
utilisation (isolation of buildings, renewable energy sources). 

•  Energy efficiency in public buildings: The objective is to improve the energy balance of 

qualified public buildings (insulation, energy system improvements). 

According to data received from the EBRD, the implementation of the actions in the energy 
window led to the compensation of almost 20 MWe of the loss following units 1- 2 closure.  

4.2.4.  Performance 

Financial performance 

•  Out of the total amount of the funds available within the BIDSF (€ 385,807 million) the 

amount allocated to defined projects is of € 364,07 million. 

•  The  amount  disbursed  from  EU  to  the  BIDSF  (€  157,80  million)  is  the  amount  that  has 
been  till  today  actually  needed  for  contracts  that  have  already  been  signed  or  are  to  be 
signed within next 6 months. 

•  The projects necessary for the period of operation have been identified, prepared and are 

currently under implementation or have already been implemented. 

•  Delays have been experienced in some projects. Delays and mitigating measures are under 

assessment in order to mitigate any impact on issuance of decommissioning license. 

•  Fair amount of the funds has been requested for energy projects to address consequences of 
the  closure  with  a  substantial  amount  dedicated  to  energy  efficiency  projects.  These  are 
implementation  or  have  already  been  successfully 
currently  under  preparation, 
implemented.  

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•  As  of  31.December  2009,  distribution  of  the  funds  allocated  between  "Decommissioning 
and Waste" and "Energy" is in balance, with priority given to the "Decommissioning and 
Waste" for the coming years. 

Technical performance 

From  the  beginning  of  BIDSF,  over  the  years  there  were  several  circumstances  that  led  to 
delays of some projects` implementation (mostly decommissioning projects). However these 
delays are not jeopardizing (with some exceptions) the progress of works and are being dealt 
with as soon as they are identified. Some causes for delays are: 

•  The Immediate V1 NPP Decommissioning option was chosen as the preferred option only 

in 2007. 

•  Privatization  of  SE  (2005-2006)  led  to  a  full  restructuring  of  nuclear  assets  in  Slovakia. 
Fluctuation of staff occurred and it influenced the preparation and implementation of the 
projects. The separation of one nuclear site between two companies (SE and JAVYS) led 
also  to  issues  of  distribution  of  responsibilities  for  common  systems  and  the  need  for 
agreements for co-financing of projects. 

•  Change  of  organizational  structure  in  JAVYS  (2007)  showed  the  need  for  the  new 
structure and personnel to get acquainted with the situation. This change, along with some 
miscommunication between JAVYS, PMU Consultant and EBRD led to additional delays. 

•  Lack of commitment to close the plant by Slovak Government prior to 2008. 

•  Management of the interfaces with involved national regulatory and administrative bodies 

involved in the approval process of the projects.  

4.3. 

Bulgaria – Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant 

4.3.1.  Closure commitment and evolution of funding 

Introduction 

KNPP is located in the north-west of Bulgaria, lying on the Danube River at the border with 
Romania. Altogether there are 6 nuclear units of different types. Units 1-4, concerned by the 
shut-down commitment are pressurised water reactors of VVER 440/230 design. The units 1-
2 and 3-4 were commissioned in the years 1974-75 and 1981-82 respectively. 

Today,  the  owner  and  responsible  for  the  KNPP  units  1-2  decommissioning  is  the  State 
Enterprise  for  Radioactive  Waste  (SERAW).  For  the  units  3-4  it  is  a  state  owned  company 
Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD. 

In  the  context  of  its  accession  to  the  EU  Bulgaria  committed  itself  to  final  early  closure  of 
units 1 to 4 of KNPP. Units 1 and 2 were shut-down on 31 December 2002 and units 3 and 4 
were shut-down on 31 December 2006. 

Funding 

In  the  period  1999-2007  pre-accession  financial  assistance  of  €340  million  was  made 
available to Bulgaria as an EU contribution to the KIDSF managed by the EBRD.  

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In recognition of Bulgaria's commitment the EU has decided to continue to provide financial 
assistance in continuation of the pre-accession aid in support of Bulgaria's decommissioning 
effort  and  to  address  the  consequences  of  the  closure,  beyond  2007.  The  Protocol  to  the 
Treaty  of  Accession  foresaw  further  assistance  for  the  period  2007-2009  in  the  amount  of 
€210 million, via KIDSF managed by the EBRD. 

In  2009  Bulgaria  formally  requested  prolongation  of  funding  in  order  to  proceed  with  an 
immediate  decommissioning  strategy.  The  Council  Regulation  ensures  that  the  assistance 
continues for the period 2010-2013 and foresees the assistance in the amount of €300 million 
via KIDSF managed by the EBRD. 

The following tables provide an overview of the financial support to Bulgaria. Up to 2009 the 
provided figures represent the real commitments in accordance with the annual Commission's 
financing decisions.  

The total financial assistance to Bulgaria between 1999 and 2013 is foreseen to be €867,7830 
million. As of 31.12.2009 a total of €567,78 million was committed out of which € 363,149 
million had been disbursed. 

Summary  of  EU  commitments  to  Bulgaria  (€  million): 
assistance to Bulgaria is provided via KIDSF. 

situation  as  of  31.12.2009;  the 

Total 
foreseen 
1999-2013 

Before 
2004 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

Total 
committed

867,78 

155 

85 

50 

50 

74,28 

76 

77,50 

567,78 

Summary  of  EU  commitments,  allocations  and  disbursements  (€  million):  situation  as  of 
31.12.2009 

Total committed to KIDSF 

EU committed to KIDSF 

Allocated to projects 

Decommissioning and Waste 

Energy 

Disbursed - EU to KIDSF 

Total 

606,744 

567,780 

540,875 

315,500 

225,375 

363,149 

* For commitment and disbursement procedures see chapter 3.3.1. 

4.3.2.  Decommissioning and Waste window 

Organisational issues 

30 

The amount is the sum of: real commitments until the end of 2009 + forecast for 2010-2013 

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The  Framework  Agreement  between  Bulgaria  and  the  EBRD  concerning  the  activities  of 
KIDSF was signed in 2001 and the PMU responsible for preparation and implementation of 
decommissioning projects was established by KNPP. 

KNPP  signed  a  contract  with  the  company  already  experienced  in  decommissioning,  to  be 
integrated  within  the  PMU  (PMU  Consultant),  and  to  deliver  the  consultancy  services  and 
expertise necessary for decommissioning. 

The  basic  document  of  the  decommissioning  for  units  1  and  2  "The  Technical  Design  of 
Decommissioning  Kozloduy  NPP  1-2”  was  developed  in  2001.  The  main  subject  of  the 
document  was  the  preparation  of  the  Safe  Enclosure  of  the  units  (deferred  dismantling 
concept).  

At the request of the KNPP this concept was revised by the PMU, and the decommissioning 
approach  was  defined  in  the  Updated  Decommissioning  Strategy  (UDS)  for  units  1-4, 
approved  in  June  2006.  Based  on  this  document  the  new  approach  is  the  immediate  staged 
dismantling, the so called “Continuous Dismantling”. 

The  Decommissioning  Plan, 
the 
decommissioning,  the  residual  life  time  assessment  of  plant  systems,  components  and  civil 
structures  used  during  decommissioning  and  other  documents  with  potential  impact  on  the 
decommissioning license are either prepared or in advance stage of preparation. 

the  Final  Safety  Analysis  Report  of 

the  EIA, 

With the aim to accelerate the decommissioning of units 1 and 2, according to the Bulgarian 
Council of Ministers Decision No. 839 from 20 December 2008 units 1 and 2 of KNPP are 
separated  from  units  3  and  4,  and  are  declared  RAW  management  facilities  transferred  to 
SERAW.  

Technical issues 

The  basic  project  pipeline  for  the  decommissioning  of  units  1-4  has  been  developed  in  line 
with  the  UDS.  KNPP  and  the  PMU  are  dealing  now  with  procurement  preparations  of 
advanced  decommissioning  projects.  It  includes  infrastructure  preparation,  waste  treatment 
facilities,  waste  storage,  equipment  dismantling  and  fragmentation  projects  and  the 
construction of the Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility. 

The units 1 and 2 have been defueled since November 2008 and the spent fuel assemblies are 
in the spent fuel ponds. The reactor cores are empty and sealed. Currently the units hold the 
licences that give permission for the dismantling of non-safety related equipment and systems 
of the units. The decommissioning licence is expected in 2011. 

At Units 3 and 4, "zero power status" is now the allowed and certified operational mode. Fuel 
is in spent fuel ponds. The decommissioning licence is expected in 2012. 

A selection of the key projects that were funded by the EU support is listed below (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme is to be found in the Annex): 

•  Updated  Decommissioning  Strategy:  Necessary  upgrade  of 

the  strategy 

for 

decommissioning purposes. 

•  National  Disposal  Facility:  According  to  the  UDS  the  establishment  of  the  National 
Disposal  Facility  for  low  and  intermediate  level  RAW  is  obligatory  for  the  successful 

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implementation of the decommissioning process of units 1-4. The activities are going well 
and  it  is  expected  that  in  2010  SERAW  will  take  final  decisions  on  the  proposals  to  be 
submitted to the regulator.  

•  Very Low Level waste repository: Necessary for decommissioning waste, this repository 

is also under development. 

•  Decay storage site for transitional RAW and conventional waste: Storage area for the 
transitional phase of acceptable low radioactive and conventional waste resulted during the 
decommissioning activities. 

•  Dry  Spent  fuel  Storage  Facility:  The  project  for  construction  of  the  facility  that  will 
allow for acceleration of decommissioning of KNPP thanks to earlier defueling of units 3 
and 4 is a key element of the progress. 

•  Support for the Implementation of the Decommissioning using the Human Resources 
Available  at  Units  1-4  of  the  KNPP:  The  personnel  of  units  1-4  is  implementing 
decommissioning  works.  The  early  decommissioning  experience  proves 
that 
decommissioning gives reasonable and sufficient work for the plant personnel of units 1-4 
which would otherwise have to be dismissed.  

•  Heat generating plant: The plant needed to provide hot water, steam and heating for the 

decommissioning activities. 

4.3.3.  Energy window 

The loss of the nuclear units in the energy sector is a large burden to the Bulgarian economy, 
which  requires  measures  to  mitigate  the  consequences.  With  the  four  units  of  KNPP  under 
decommissioning the attention in the energy window has been focused on the support of the 
actions  to  provide  replacement  of  lost  capacities,  changes  in  the  energy  system  and  energy 
structure and energy efficiency related measures. 

Projects financed from the EU assistance in the energy sector must be in line with the Energy 
Strategy of Bulgaria as part of a coherent energy and energy efficiency approach. 

A selection of the key projects that were funded by the EU support is listed below (a full 
list of projects undertaken under the programme is to be found in the Annex): 

•  Implementation and Management of the Rehabilitation of the Sofia District Heating 
Network: The objective was to support the modernisation, upgrading and restructuring of 
the Sofia district heating network.  

•  Energy  Efficiency  and  Renewable  Energy  Credit  Line  Framework  Facility:  Project 
established a credit line through private Bulgarian banks for on-lending to the private sector for 
energy investments, specifically energy efficiency and small renewable projects in the private 
sector. 

•  Maritsa East-2 - Installation of Gypsum Dewatering System and Rehabilitation of the 
Cooling Pump Station: Programme for the rehabilitation of thermal power plant Maritsa. 

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•  Refurbishment  and  Extension  of  the  National  Electricity  Distribution  System: 
Rehabilitation  and  modification  of  the  electricity  grid,  supply  and  installation  of 
substations. 

•  Construction of high pressure gas pipelines and gas regulation stations: Construction 

of a gas pipeline to allow replacing inefficient electricity heating. 

The  significant  attention  paid  for  improving  energy  efficiency  in  public  buildings,  mainly 
schools  and  hospitals  and  residential  dwellings  resulted  in  substantial  energy  savings. 
According  to  data  delivered  by  the  EBRD,  the  implementation  of  the  actions  in  energy 
window led to the compensation of almost 500 MWe of the loss following units 1-4 closure. 

4.3.4.  Performance 

Financial performance 

•  Out  of  the  total  amount  of  the  funds  available  within  the  KIDSF  (€606,744  million)  the 

amount allocated to defined projects is of € 540,875 million. 

•  The amount disbursed from EU to the KIDSF (€ 363,149 million) is the amount that has 
been  till  today  actually  needed  for  contracts  that  have  already  been  signed  or  are  to  be 
signed within next 6 months. 

•  Distribution of the funds allocated between "Decommissioning and Waste" and "Energy" 

is in balance, with priority given to the "Decommissioning and Waste" in the future. 

•  The projects necessary for the period of operation have been identified, prepared and are 

currently under implementation or have already been implemented. 

•  Rather high amount of the funds has been requested for energy projects, in particular for 
energy  efficiency  measures,  to  address  consequences  of  the  closure.  These  are  currently 
under preparation, implementation or have already been successfully implemented.  

Technical performance 

The overall good technical performance can be summarised by the two mail elements: 

•  Review  of  the  decommissioning  strategy  for  Kozloduy  units  1  to  4,  which  was  changed 
from  an  initial  deferred  dismantling  strategy  to  an  immediate  continuously  dismantling 
strategy.  This  reduces  the  overall  time  for  decommissioning  and  makes  best  use  of 
available and competent staff from the power plant for executing dismantling works. 

•  Reorganization of the Bulgarian institutions involved that lead to separation of the KNPP 
reactor units 1 and 2 from units 3 and 4. Units 1& 2 are today declared radioactive waste 
management facilities now owned by SERAW. 

The  separation  of  nuclear  site  between  two  companies  (SERAW  and  KNPP)  bears  the 
potential  risk  for  delays  due  to  the  distribution  of  responsibilities  for  common  systems  and 
agreements  for  co-financing  of  projects  and  the  organisation  of  the  day  to  day  work  on  the 
site. This risk is acknowledged and the process is closely followed in order to avoid a negative 
impact on the individual decommissioning projects. 

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5. 

CONCLUSION 

All three power plants in Lithuania, Slovakia and Bulgaria were safely shut-down in line 
with the respective agreements and are undergoing the decommissioning works. 

The assistance started before the time of accession and well before the time of shut-down of 
the NPPs concerned. EU assistance Programmes had to face various difficulties, on political 
and  technical  level.  There  were  attempts  to  renegotiate  the  political  commitments,  however 
with an EU`s expression of solidarity and following the provision of financial assistance none 
of the Member States went as far as to the breach of the Accession Treaty.  

The boundary conditions were different and unique for each country and so is the choice of 
technology, strategy and reasoning for the choice of projects. Due to these circumstances it is 
not  possible  to  compare  the  assistance  provided  by  the  EU  to  each  of  the  Member  States, 
neither the efforts made by the beneficiaries concerning identification of projects based on the 
needs and strategic documents for decommissioning and their implementation.  

Prior  to  the  beginning  of  the  programme  at  each  NPP,  assessment  of  needs  and capabilities 
was done to define what technologies and infrastructures were already in place and what was 
missing.  Identification  and  implementation  of  projects  progressed  also  thanks  to  the  re-
evaluation of the national strategies or updates of the plans. 

•  Main areas of EU funding in Member States in decommissioning window can be divided 

into groups of projects: 

–  Measures necessary for sequential shutdown of the reactor units and modifications 

of NPP systems for the purpose of operation termination. 

–  Decommissioning  documentation 

elaboration 

in  order 

to  obtain 

the 

decommissioning license. 

–  RAW management from the decommissioning and storage of spent fuel.  

–  Dismantling and demolition activities.  

•  Main areas of EU funding in Member States in the energy window comprise: 

–  Strengthening of the transmission and transformation capacity 

–  Building  of  the  new  grid  interconnections  and  connections  to  new  possible 

electricity generating capacities 

–  Replacement capacities along with energy efficiency measures in the private and 

public building sector. 

–  Investments in industrial energy efficiency and renewable energy projects  

5.1. 

Financial performance 

In individual Member States the amounts available for projects are higher than the amounts 
disbursed.  The  funds  were  made  available  on  an  annual  basis  since  1999  at  the  time  when 

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Member  States  were  not  yet  able  to  make  full  use  of  them  -  therefore  some  funds 
accumulated. 

However good progress was shown over the last years and at the end of the reporting period 
the majority of either decommissioning or energy sector-related projects have been identified, 
were prepared and are currently in various stages of implementation. 

Overview of funding available, allocations and disbursements (€ million): situation as of 31 
December 2009 

Funding available  

Allocated to projects  

Disbursed by EU**  

Lithuania 

Slovakia 

Bulgaria 

954,7 

385,807 

606,744 

881,60 

364,07 

540,875 

763,30 

157,80 

363,149 

* For commitment and disbursement procedures see chapter 3.3.1. 

** Disbursed to either IDSFs or CPMA 

In  all  three  countries  the  majority  of  funding  was  related  to  decommissioning  and  RAW 
management related projects. Lithuania and Bulgaria used a significant portion of the funding 
for spent fuel storage and waste management - which was not needed in the case of Slovakia.  

The  energy  sector  also  benefited  fairly  from  the  funding  available.  It  was  the  role  and 
responsibility  of  the  beneficiary  Member  States  to  set  the  priorities  for  the  use  of  the  EU 
financial support within the boundaries fixed by the underlying legal basis. 

5.2. 

Technical performance  

The starting position of the three countries was different, amongst others because of different 
type  of  reactors  to  be  decommissioned,  existing  infrastructure  needed  to  cope  with 
decommissioning  and  waste  management,  possibilities  to  replace  or  to  import  the  source  of 
energy lost, regulatory and political environment and choice of decommissioning strategy. 

Despite initial difficulties, reactors were timely shut-down and the majority already defueled 
as a first important step towards irreversible closure and decommissioning of the plants. 

Although for some projects delays occurred, these are being dealt with on individual basis in 
order not to impact the critical path for the whole decommissioning plan.  

Facilities  necessary  for  decommissioning,  treatment  and  storage  of  RAW  and  spent  nuclear 
fuel are under construction, preparation of licensing documentation is under elaboration and 
preparatory works for dismantling as integral part of decommissioning are ongoing. In some 
cases first dismantling works of non-active facilities have started. 

The countries' legal framework and management structures were adapted to take into account 
that  NPPs  changed  from  electricity  producing  companies  to  organisations  for  safe 
decommissioning. 

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The energy sector benefited from the financing of measures fully in line with the EU energy 
policy.  Almost  equal  financial  support  was  paid  from  the  beginning  to  the  energy  sector  in 
order  to  cope  with  the  loss  of  electricity  supplies  from  the  shut-down  NPPs.  This  approach 
proved  efficient  later  on  especially  in  Bulgaria,  when  the  energy  sustainability  problems 
appeared for most of the EU countries, as well as during the more recent financial crisis. 

5.3. 

Outlook 

Until 2013 measures in the decommissioning window and in the energy window will continue 
in line with the decommissioning strategies and taking into account priorities and the critical 
path.  

The use of the EU assistance within the decommissioning window in the near future will be 
focusing  on  the  completion  of  the  necessary  infrastructure,  RAW  treatment,  obtaining  of 
decommissioning  license  and  start  of  dismantling.  New  decommissioning  organisation  and 
management structures will be in place and ready for dismantling activities. Management of 
decommissioning waste and execution of works by plant staff will start and will be well on 
track.  

Energy sector projects to mitigate the consequences of the closure, to replace the shut-down 
capacities, to increase energy efficiency or projects related to the grid stability and reliability 
are  all  well  in  place  or  being  constructed.  They  are  deemed  sufficient  to  cope  with  the 
consequences of the early closures by the end of 2013.  

Although  the  last  commitment  of  the  EC  will  be  made  in  2013,  the  implementation  of  the 
works  financed  from  the  commitments  will  extend  beyond  this  date.  The  costs  for 
decommissioning  of  each  of  the  power  plants  seem  to  be  significantly  higher  than  the 
assistance that has until today been planned. However the aim is to provide assistance to the 
Member States and not the full financing of the decommissioning and closure consequences. 
The assistance provided needs to be complemented by adequate national resources. Measures 
financed  in  the  energy  sector  until  today,  seem  to  have  sufficiently  helped  to  mitigate  the 
consequences and would not need additional financing beyond 2013.  

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6. 

ANNEX 

6.1. 

List of projects - Lithuania 

EBRD - IIDSF 

(Title) 
(Short description where title not explicit) 
PMU Consultant 
includes  Final  Decommissioning  Plan,  Decommissioning  Project  documentation,  special  technical  and 
legal services, equipment, consumables and operating costs 
Steam boiler station, Heat only boiler station, Steam and hot water pipeline renovation, Renovation 
of remaining heat substations 
Documentation archive system 
Solid waste management and storage facilities 
Purchase of coated steel pipes for the gas-main Pabrade-INPP/Visaginas + Construction works for 
the gas-main Pabrade-INPP/Visaginas 
Interim storage for INPP’s spent fuel + Casks 
Flue gas desulphurisation and dust collection plants, 
Project Management Unit at LE 
PMU for CCGT project 
Free release measurement systems and facility 
Installation of shunt (compensating ) reactor of 180 Mvar at INPP’s substation Ast-330 Kv 
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Unit 
Decommissioning  projects 
decontamination activities at INPP 

for  engineering,  planning  and 

licensing  of  dismantling  and 

Near surface repository for low and intermediate level short lived radioactive waste  
Design 
Tools for dismantling and decontamination  
Procurement Consultant transmitting line + Territorial planning and EIA for 400kv + Feasibility 
Study Alytus substation 
Tools and equipment for radiological characterisation 
Legal Services 
Quantity Surveyor Services 

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CPMA 

(Title) 
(Short description where title not explicit) 
INPP Safe Maintenance & Decommissioning Service 
Strengthening Institutional Capacity 
Support to nuclear regulator - VATESI 
Support to Radiation protection center 
VLLW Landfill 
Radiological characterisation 
Visaginas district heating modernisation 
Visaginas electrical network modernisation 
Decommissioning Training Centre 
Decommissioning and Dismantling Tools and Materials 
INPP Workforce Activities 
INPP Utility services 
Unit 1 main circuit decontamination 
INPP System Modification 
Unit 1 Safe Maintenance  
Unit 1 Overheads & Parts 
Decommissioning and Dismantling Preparation 
INPP Site Infrastructure 
Unit 2 Decommissioning Project 
Safety Assessment Report for Existing Storages 
Radiological Characterisation 
INPP Training Centre 
Environment Protection Agency Monitoring Upgrade 
HUDA Mechanism 
Energy efficiency measures in apartment buildings 
Visaginas Energy Efficiency (Hospital) 
Ignalina Energy Efficiency (Hospital) 
Zarasai Energy Efficiency (Schools) 
Support to RAW management Agency - RATA 
National Agency 
Technical Assistance to Ministry of Economy 
RAW management Agency - RATA Headquarters Relocation 

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6.2. 

List of projects – Slovakia 

(Title) 
(Short description where title not explicit) 
Project Management Unit Consultant 
Provision of services of a project management and engineering consulting. 
Reconstruction of 400kV substation at Krizovany 
Reliable heat and steam supply: Reconstruction of the auxiliary boiler station at the Bohunice site 
Reconstruction of area protection system – AKOBOJE 
Update: Conceptual decommissioning plan + EIA 
Container for evaporator concentrates 
Provision of a container for transportation of liquid RAW. 
Sampling and analysis of resins 
Characterization of certain RAW to decide on further wet RAW treatment.  
Sampling and analysis of radioactive sediments 
Development of comprehensive documentation necessary for V1 NPP Decommissioning licensing 
phase and decommissioning implementation phase 
Modification of heating and steam distribution system 
Spent fuel management 
Modification of the license for the spent fuel transport container and the Safety Analysis Report of 
the ISFS. 
Documentation configuration management system 
Set up of a comprehensive digitised documentation system in V1 NPP. 
Decommissioning database 
Development of a complete database of equipment and buildings of V1 NPP inventory, as well as 
radiological  data  and  other  characteristics  required 
for  planning  and  performing 
decommissioning activities.  
Treatment and conditioning of historical waste 
Increase of the processing capacity to treat historical RAW as well as RAW from the forthcoming 
decommissioning of the V1 NPP. 
Feasibility study of enlargement of the National RAW repository at Mochovce 
Design and licensing of new RAW disposal space at RAW repository at Mochovce 
Feasibility  study  for  treatment  of  metallic  waste  &  procurement  of  portable  fragmentation  and 
decontamination equipment for metallic and building materials 
Increase of existing fragmentation and decontamination facilities 
Erection of the new large capacity fragmentation and decontamination facility at V1 NPP 
Interim storage of RAW at Bohunice site 
Free release of decommissioning materials 
Provision of licensed methodology and resources for free release of material arising from V1 NPP 
decommissioning. 
Sustainable energy finance facility framework 
Credit line to Slovak banks for further on-lending for sustainable energy investments. 
Reconstruction of the public warning and notification system 
Storage casks for spent fuel 
The V1 NPP decommissioning 1st stage plan & other documentation 
Modification of the power supply system of JAVYS and SE in the Bohunice area 
PMU offices relocation 
Construction of new PMU offices building at the Bohunice site. 
Information centre 
Construction  of  Information  centre  to  increase  public  awareness  and  acceptance  of  the 
decommissioning. 
Treatment of historical waste - sludges and sorbents 
Removal of radioactive sorbents and sludge from the storage tanks and their treatment. 
Modification of cooling and service water systems and raw water inlet system 
Modification to site supplies of essential fluids system 
Measures in the transmission sector consequential to final shutdown of Bohunice V1 NPP 
Several  projects  for  upgrade  and  construction  of  new  transmission  lines  and  transformation 
stations 

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Energy efficiency in public buildings 
Projects to improve the energy efficiency in public buildings.  
Refurbishment of the radiation protection equipment 
Modification  and  refurbishment  of  the  existing  radiation  protection  facilities  and  equipment  for 
V1 NPP decommissioning. 
Disposal of loose RAW 
Disposal of loose unsorted waste from Bohunice site. 
Mogilnik 
Disposal of solid historical, mainly metallic, intermediate level waste stored in the reactor hall. 
Human resources 
Financing  of  specialised  human  resources  available  at  Bohunice  V1  NPP  dedicated  to 
decommissioning. 
Dismantling of insulation in V1 NPP turbine hall 
Decontamination of the primary circuit 
Dismantling and demolition of V1 NPP external buildings 
Complex electric station Bystricany - transformation 400/110kV 
Several  projects  for  upgrade  and  construction  of  new  transmission  lines  and  transformation 
stations 

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6.3. 

List of projects – Bulgaria 

 (Title) 
(Short description where title not explicit) 

Kozloduy Project Management Unit consultancy services 
Liquid radioactive waste treatment facility 
Tank cleaning equipment 
Purchase of equipment for the cleaning of RAW tank used during the decommissioning 

Ion exchange resin retrieval and conditioning equipment 
Provision of equipment for the retrieval and conditioning of the irradiated ion exchange resins 
EIA for plasma melting facility 
Safety analysis report for ion exchange resins 
Sampling and characterisation of ion exchange resins 

Facility for retrieval and processing of the liquid and solidified phase from evaporator tanks 
Supply of waste containers 
Size reduction and decontamination active workshop 
Development  of  the  needed  infrastructure  for  the  radioactive  waste  size  reduction  and 
decontamination activities during decommissioning 
Supply of hand tools  
Provision of tools needed for the RAW size reduction and decontamination 
Dismantling / size reduction equipment – reactor buildings, auxiliary buildings 
Projects  for  provision  of  tools  needed  for  the  dismantling  and  size  reduction  of  the  irradiated 
components from the reactor building and auxiliary buildings 
Decay storage site for transitional RAW/ site for conventional waste from decommissioning. 
Preparation  of  a  storage  area  for  the  transitional  phase  of  acceptable  low  radioactive  and 
conventional waste from decommissioning. 
Inventory, treatment and conditioning of contaminated soil 
Development  of  infrastructure  and  support  to  implementation  of  the  process  of  inventory, 
treatment and conditioning of the irradiated soil from decommissioning 
Waste backlog treatment 
Development of infrastructure and procedures to identify RAW and organize its treatment during 
the decommissioning 
Very low level waste repository 
Development  of  infrastructure  and  preparation  of  the  process  of  managing  very  low  radioactive 
storage repository during the decommissioning 
Elaboration of a Safety Analysis Report for the RAW Management Facility “Kozloduy NPP Units 1 
and 2” 
Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility and its extension 
Construction of a facility for the storage of VVER 440 fuel unloaded from units 1-4 
Equipment for sample analysis 
Provision of equipment for radioactive monitoring  
Supply of consumables for radiochemistry laboratory 
Upgrade of free release measurement facility 
Supply of personnel portal monitors 
Decommissioning strategy 
Update of the decommissioning strategy 
Decommissioning plan 
Update of the decommissioning plan 
Decommissioning material management strategy 
Update of the decommissioning material management strategy  
Tank level measuring systems 
Space management co-ordination for AB-1 and AB-2 
Development  and  implementation  of  actions  needed  to  assure  the  space  management  in  the 
auxiliary buildings  
Control of liquid and gaseous releases 
Provision of equipment for the radioactive monitoring of the liquid and gaseous releases 

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Equipment for radiological inventory 
Provision  of  equipment  for  performing  the  inventory  of  the  radiological  impact  during  the 
decommissioning  
Evaluation of radiological inventory 
Development  and  implementation  of  the  process  of  performing  the  inventory  of  the  radiological 
impact during decommissioning  
Size reduction equipment area in the turbine hall 
Provision of equipment for the size reduction of dismantled components in the non radioactive zone 
of the turbine building 
Dismantling tools and equipment – turbine hall 
Provision  of  dismantling  tools  and  equipment  for  the  decommissioning  activities  in  the  turbine 
building 
Free release facility 
Development of the facility for free release of non contaminated gases during the decommissioning 
activities 
Infrastructure separation / metering 
Activities  for  separation  of 
decommissioning 
Infrastructure separation / service water systems 
Infrastructure separation - heating and domestic steam 
Artesian water pipeline replacement 
Heat generation plant + EIA 
Construction of the plant to provide hot water, steam and heating for specific activities during the 
decommissioning 

infrastructures  designated  for  specific  activities  during  the 

EIA for decommissioning 
Preparation of decommissioning Safety Analysis Report - Stage 1&2 
Preparation of the safety report for the first and second stages of decommissioning 

Rest of lifetime 
Evaluation  of  the  rest  of  lifetime  of  the  plant  buildings  as  required  by  the  decommissioning 
procedures 
Development of information centres for decommissioning 
Supply of software for the decommissioning management system 
Supply of multifunctional input device for decommissioning management system 
Core sampling analysis 
Acquisition of the reactor core sample analysis performed during the decommissioning 

Asbestos removal equipment 
Provision of the equipment for the removal of the asbestos in the turbine building 

Provision of equipment for demolition of structures inside the turbine hall, auxiliary building and 
reactor buildings 
Training and development in decommissioning 
Training of staff in order to be prepared for the decommissioning activities 
Human resources 
Financing  of  implementation  of  the  decommissioning  programme  using  the  human  resources 
available at Units 1-4 of KNPP 
Economic  and  energy  efficiency  measures  in  the power  distribution  systems,  public  buildings  and 
street lighting 
Rehabilitation of the Sofia district heating network  
Energy efficiency and renewable energy credit line framework facility in Bulgaria  
Credit line to Bulgarian banks for further on-lending for sustainable energy investments 
Implementation and management of the demand side energy efficiency measures in public buildings 
Pernik district heating rehabilitation programme 
Residential energy efficiency credit line framework facility in Bulgaria 
Energy efficiency facility in Bulgaria 
MARITSA  EAST-2  REHABILITATION  PROGRAMME  -  Installation  of  gypsum  dewatering 
system and rehabilitation of the cooling pump station 
Refurbishment and extension of the national electricity distribution system – supply and installation 
of substations  

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Construction of high pressure gas pipelines to, and gas regulation stations in Silistra, Kozloduy and 
Oryahovo 
Rehabilitation of municipality street lightening 
Replacement of outdated, 20-30 year old, power transformers with work load factor less than 60% 
with new ones with higher efficiency and reduced losses  
Installation  of  natural  gas  supply  pipeline  for  13  cities  in  the  South-Central  region  of  Bulgaria, 
without building high pressure gas branch  
Construction of the gas distribution network in town Dimitrovgrad, Chirpan and Rakovski 
Installation of natural gas supply system in town Etropole without construction of high pressure gas 
branch 
Installation of the natural gas supply system in town Svilengrad and Kardjali without construction 
of high pressure gas branch 
Main gas pipeline to village Razliv and the development of the gas distribution system within Razliv 
Rehabilitation of pipelines in Varna city heating distribution network 
Energy efficiency improvements in public buildings in the municipalities of Kozloduy and Novi Han 
Energy efficiency improvements in public buildings 
Energy efficiency rehabilitation of the heavy industrial mining equipment of the Maritza east mines 
Construction of a small hydro power plant on the Iliina river for the safe and reliable energy supply 
and for the energy efficiency improvements of the area 
Technical  assistance  in  the  preparation  of  energy  performance  contracts  for  the energy  efficiency 
rehabilitation of buildings within the public sector 
Purchase  and  installation  of  automated  metering  systems  for  control  of  electricity  losses  in  high, 
medium and low voltage distribution networks operated by E.ON BULGARIA GRIDS AD  
Construction of a  heating plant on  the basis  of  wood  biomass  and  in  the  development  of  the heat 
transfer network in town Triavna  

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