JOINT STAFF WORKING PAPER Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2010Sector Progress Report  JOINT STAFF WORKING PAPER Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2010Sector Progress Report
Date: 2011-05-25
Institutions: European Commission, High Representative of the Union
Subjects: European neighbourhood policy, State aid, aid for restructuring, association agreement, bilateral agreement, democracy, economic reform, human rights, political cooperation, political reform

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION FOR 
FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND 
SECURITY POLICY

Brussels, 25.5.2011 
SEC(2011) 645 final 

JOINT STAFF WORKING PAPER 

Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2010 
Sector Progress Report 

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JOINT STAFF WORKING PAPER 

Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2010 
Sector Progress Report 

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Lisbon Treaty and the establishment, in 2011, of the European External Action Service 
provide  new  opportunities  for  the  EU  to  strengthen  relations  with  its  neighbours.  The 
European Neighbourhood Policy’s (ENP) aims to deepen political dialogue and cooperation 
and  to  achieve  a  very  substantial  degree  of  economic  integration  with  the  Eastern  and 
Southern neighbours.  

Against  this  background,  it  is  key  to  continue  strengthening  sector  dialogue  and  sector 
cooperation with ENP partners in a wide range of areas such as: employment; social policy; 
trade and trade related matters; justice and home affairs issues, including migration, mobility 
and  security;  transport;  environment;  climate  change;  energy;  student  mobility;  education, 
culture and health.  

Sector dialogue supports the ongoing, longer-term, deep reform process of partners both in the 
South and the East. Sector reform contributes to greater prosperity for all citizens including 
the  youth  and  underpins  efforts  towards  better  governance.  Sector  cooperation  also  helps 
prepare  partners  to  negotiate  and,  in  the  future,  to  implement  deep  and  comprehensive  free 
trade agreements. Through the transfer of sector reform experience, the EU is able to support 
approximation  of  legislation,  strengthen  the  capacity  and  enforcement  capabilities  of 
institutions  and  prepare  the  sector  stakeholders  for  reform.  Sector  dialogue  can  also  be 
conducive to conflict prevention and resolution, for example as in the case of Transnistria. It 
can also support state building, as in the case of the occupied Palestinian territory. 

In 2010, sector dialogues were held in numerous fora including in sector subcommittees and 
working  groups  under 
the  bilateral  agreements  with  ENP  partners.  Several  new 
subcommittees  with  the  South  Caucasus  countries  were  launched  in  2010.  High  level  and 
technical  dialogues,  as  well  as  exchanges  in  the  context  of  European  Neighbourhood  and 
Partnership Instrument (ENPI) projects, also contributed to strengthening sector relations with 
ENP partners.  

The  present  report  provides  an  overview  of  ENP  partners’  progress,  in  2010,  on  a  range  of 
sectoral  policies.  It  also  describes  certain  ENPI  related  issues  (Neighbourhood  Investment 
Facility,  TAIEX,  Twinning,  SIGMA).  Bilateral  financial  cooperation  is  dealt  with  in  the 
country progress reports. This report furthermore summarises progress on preparation for the 
participation  of  ENP  partners in EU programmes and  agencies.  The document  is completed 
by Annexes on these issues, on political and economic indicators and on mobility. 

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2.  SOCIAL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT 

The measures to boost employment, increase social cohesion, reduce inequalities and ensure 
inclusive  growth  were  negatively  effected  by  the  lasting  impact  of  the  global  financial  and 
economic crisis on already strained public finances and budgets.   

The  employment  situation  improved  in  some  countries  in  step  with  the  global  economic 
outlook, while other countries continued to struggle. In nearly all countries, the labour market 
remains segmented with a high share of informal employment and precarious work situations 
and  the  development  of  the  skills  needed  to  support  the  diversification  of  the  economy, 
investment  and  the  modernisation  of  the  labour  market  remains  a  major  challenge.  Poor 
employment and social prospects for the young generation in particular, nurtured discontent 
and contributed to social unrest in the Southern region. 

Efforts  to  reduce  poverty  in  the  ENP  partner  countries  were  curbed  by  the  necessity  to 
contain  budget  deficits.  The  remittances  were  on  the  increase  from  2009,  but  generally  still 
below the 2008 level, impacting particularly Armenia and the Republic of Moldova. 

Reforms of pension systems are under way in several countries and the provisions for social 
protection were reviewed in most ENP countries in an attempt to counter the impact of the 
global recession on the vulnerable population as well as on public finances. Social inclusion 
approaches  often  suffer  from  uncoordinated  interventions  of  a  multitude  of  institutions  and 
players and from the related lack of capacity to cooperate efficiently on delivering services to 
the people. Under these circumstances, the efforts for social inclusion were rather marginal, 
but the Republic of Moldova ratified the UN convention on the rights of disabled persons.  

The framework for social dialogue was undergoing a slow change, and modest changes were 
introduced  in  2010  in  most  countries,  most  notably  in  the  legislation  but  the  impact  on  the 
ground of the modest changes introduced in legislation in 2010 has yet to be confirmed in the 
general climate of limited independence and poor capacities of social partners. 

The provisions for social protection were reviewed in most ENP countries in an attempt to 
counter the impact of the global recession on the vulnerable population, as well as on public 
finances. Under these circumstances, the efforts directed towards social inclusion were rather 
marginal,  although  the  Republic  of  Moldova  ratified  the  UN  convention  on  the  rights  of 
disabled persons. 

The participation of women in economic and political life made little progress, although the 
highest  ever  share  of  female  candidates  in  the  Lebanese  municipal  elections  (8.2%)  is  a 
welcome  sign  of  improvement.  Egypt  organised  training  events  for  women  community 
leaders,  while  Lebanon,  Tunisia  and  Morocco  directed  their  efforts  at  combating  domestic 
violence. 

Sustainable development  

Despite the global environment of financial and economic crisis, most of the partner countries' 
economies  performed  well  in  2010.  However,  the  lack  of  structural  reforms,  the  high 
unemployment rates and persistent levels of poverty remain disappointing and endanger  the 
long term objective of sustainable development, including environmental protection. 

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3.  TRADE, MARKET AND REGULATORY REFORM 

Some  progress  was  made  in  2010  in  the  area  of  trade  and  economic  integration. 
Negotiations on the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with Ukraine 
continued through several negotiation rounds in 2010, although progress was rather limited. 
Progress in the negotiations on the trade related part of the framework agreement with Libya 
was also slow. A fact-finding mission to explore the possibility of DCFTA negotiations with 
the Republic of Moldova took place in June 2010 and the European Commission presented its 
key recommendations in October 2010. Armenia and Georgia continued to make progress in 
their DCFTA preparations. A Commission proposal for extending the current ATP Regulation 
for  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  which  would  also  include  a  significant  increase  in  the  wine 
quota, was presented to the Council for approval. 

There was good progress regarding the negotiation of agreements on further liberalisation of 
trade  in  agricultural,  processed  agricultural  products  and  fish  and  fishery  products  with  the 
Mediterranean partners; the EU-Egypt agreement entered into force in June 2010, and the EU-
Morocco agreement was signed in December 2010. Also in December 2010, the Commission 
and  the  Palestinian  Authority  initialled  a  draft  agreement  which  is  expected  to  support  the 
development of the economy of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Negotiations with Tunisia 
continued  fruitfully  and  some  exploratory  talks  on  possible  future  negotiations  on  the 
liberalisation  of  trade  in  agricultural,  processed  agricultural  and  fish  and  fisheries  products 
took place with Lebanon in May 2010. 

Negotiations  with  the  Mediterranean  ENP  partners  on  the  liberalisation  of  services  and  the 
right of establishment made little progress in 2010. 

The Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Acceptance for Industrial Products (ACAA) 
with  Israel  was  signed  in  May  2010  in  the  sector  of  Good  Manufacturing  Practice  of 
Pharmaceuticals.  

Good progress was made in the area of protection of "Geographical Indications" (GIs). In July 
2010, the European Union and Georgia concluded negotiations on a bilateral agreement for 
the  protection  of  their  respective  GIs.  The  GI’s  negotiations  with  the  Republic  of  Moldova 
proceeded  fruitfully  during  the  reporting  period.  GIs  are  handled  with  Ukraine  in  the 
framework  of  the  negotiations  on  the  Deep  and  Comprehensive  Free  Trade  Agreement. 
Moreover, in the framework of the agreement on further liberalisation of trade in agricultural, 
processed agricultural products and fish and fishery products, the EU and Morocco agreed to 
start negotiations on GIs within three months following the entry into force of the agreement. 

Some  progress  was  achieved  in  the  negotiations  of  Protocols  establishing  a  Dispute 
Settlement  Mechanism  applicable  to  disputes  under  the  trade  provisions  of  the  bilateral 
Association  Agreement  with  the  Mediterranean  partners.  The  EU  and  Egypt  signed  the 
protocol in March 2010, while the protocol with Lebanon was signed in December 2010. 

The 9th Union for the Mediterranean Trade Ministerial meeting, which was held in Brussels 
on  11  November  2010,  endorsed  a  package  of  measures  to  facilitate  trade  in  Palestinian 
products  with  other  Euro-Mediterranean  partners  in  line  with  the  Euromed  Trade  Roadmap 
for 2010 and beyond. The ministerial meeting also agreed that the working priorities for 2011 
should focus on the following issues: a Euro-Mediterranean trade and investment facilitation 
mechanism; enhanced cooperation with the business community on Euro-Mediterranean trade 

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and  investment  relations;  reinforced  cooperation  in  the  area  of  the  fight  against  piracy  and 
counterfeiting in the Euro-Mediterranean region; and enhanced sectoral cooperation 

As  reported  last  year,  some  customs  administrations  in  partner  countries,  such  as  Israel, 
Morocco, the Republic of Moldova and Tunisia, have already implemented a large part of the 
customs-related commitments in their respective Action Plans and are continuing their reform 
process.  Georgia  and  Jordan  amended  their  customs  legislation  with  the  introduction  of  a 
new  Code  and  a  temporary  law  amending  the  customs  law.  Several  ENP  partners  are 
implementing  national  strategic  plans  to  modernise  customs  services  (the  Republic  of 
Moldova,  Jordan,  and  Morocco)  and  to  enhance  the  automation  of  customs  procedures 
(Armenia, Lebanon, Georgia, Jordan, and the Republic of Moldova). Several partners, such as 
Georgia  and  the  Republic  of  Moldova  are  strengthening  the  use  of  risk  analysis.  An 
interactive English version of the website of the Egyptian Customs Authority is now available 
to  operators.  The  facilitation  of  trade  for  reliable  operators  remains  a  priority,  and  several 
countries  continued  their  efforts  to  ensure  the  security  of  the  supply  chain  based  on 
international  standards  (WCO)  and  made  progress  on  the  concept  of  “authorised  economic 
operators”  (AEO).  Several  countries  are  working  towards  the  creation  of  a  single  window 
environment. The question of customs ethics is being tackled in most countries, but it remains 
a  concern,  especially  in  Ukraine,  where  cumbersome,  bureaucratic  and  restrictive  customs 
controls  are  applied,  and  in  Azerbaijan.  Georgia  and  Ukraine  have  made  no  real  progress 
towards  ensuring  the  proper  implementation  of  WTO-compatible  customs  valuation  rules. 
Several  Mediterranean  partners  (Egypt,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  Morocco,  oPt,  Syria  and  Tunisia) 
participated in the "SIROCCO" joint customs operation conducted in June 2010. SIROCCO is 
a  joint  customs  operation,  coordinated  by  OLAF  and  carried  out  by  the  customs 
administration  of  the  EU  and  eleven  partner  countries  from  the  southern  rim  of  the 
Mediterranean. The customs services in the region, and in particular the Republic of Moldova 
and Morocco, also reinforced IPR protection and the fight against pirating and counterfeiting. 
The  European  Commission  and  the  State  Customs  Committee  of  Belarus  continued 
discussions on issues of common interest. 

On  standards,  technical  regulations  and  conformity  assessment,  most  ENP  partner 
countries continued their preparatory work towards the conclusion of bilateral agreements on 
Conformity  Assessment  and  Acceptance of Industrial Products (ACAAs). In May 2010, the 
EU and Israel signed an ACAA agreement in the sector of Good Manufacturing Practice of 
Pharmaceuticals. Egypt and Tunisia are also well advanced in their ACAA preparations.  

Negotiations  on  the  liberalisation  of  services  and  establishment  with  Egypt,  Israel, 
Morocco and Tunisia made no progress in 2010. 

Regarding  sanitary  and  phyto-sanitary  (SPS)  issues,  the  ENP  partners  continued  to  make 
progress in 2010. As stated in last year’s report, substantial efforts remain necessary in order 
to  achieve  the  ENP  Action  Plan  objectives  and  to  prepare  for  (possible)  future  deep  and 
comprehensive  free  trade  agreements  between  the  EU  and  ENP  partners.  ENP  partners 
adopted  a  food  safety  strategy  (Georgia)  or  made  progress  with  the  preparation  of  such  a 
strategy  (Armenia,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Ukraine).  Most  ENP  partners  adopted  or 
prepared legislation which, to some extent, is increasingly approximated with EU standards. 
The  European  Commission  and  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  initiated  a  gap  analysis 
regarding SPS legislation and institutional capacity which was supported by TAIEX.  

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ENP partners trained SPS staff and strengthened laboratories (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 
the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine). In 2010, additional ENP partners were connected to 
the  external  window  of  the  EU’s  Rapid  Alert  System  for  Food  and  Feed  (Armenia, 
Azerbaijan, Israel, Jordan). In 2010, the European Commission’s Food and Veterinary Office 
carried  out  fourteen  inspection  visits  to  ENP  countries  covering  various  sectors  (Egypt, 
Georgia,  Israel,  Jordan,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Morocco  and  Ukraine).  In  April  2010, 
Eastern  ENP  partners  participated  in  a  seminar  on  handling  food  emergencies  and  crises, 
organised  jointly  by  the  Commission  and  the  European  Food  Safety  Authority  and  held  in 
Kyiv.  A  similar  event  for  Mediterranean  ENP  partners was held in October 2010 in Parma. 
The EU and the ENP partners continued exchanging experience through other training events, 
including in the context of the Commission’s ‘Better Training for Safer food’ programme. In 
July 2010, the EU and the Eastern partners held a first meeting on SPS and animal  welfare 
trade-related  regulatory 
issues  under 
approximation. The EU and its partners pursued SPS cooperation through ongoing (twinning) 
projects  under  the  ENPI.  A  new  twinning  was  launched  with  Israel.  SPS  cooperation  with 
Belarus continued, including on the subject of rabies. 

the  Eastern  Partnership  panel  on 

trade  and 

All countries made efforts to improve their business climate, but only some of them managed 
to  improve  their  comparative  ranking  in  the  global  race.  The  main  beneficiaries  were  new 
entrepreneurs,  because  many  countries  have  made  it  easier  to  set  up  a  company.  Increased 
transparency in the functioning of public institutions is likely to benefit the business climate 
throughout  the  region.  The  legal  framework  for  the  establishment  of  a  company  by  non-
nationals  did  not  change  in  2010.  Other  changes  in  company  law  concerned  business 
registers in Egypt and Israel, minimum capital in Jordan, and investor protection in Georgia.  

In 2010, most of the partner countries worked on the implementation of their respective tax 
administration  reform.  Activities  range,  for  example,  from  the  development  of  electronic 
declaration  systems,  (Armenia,  Georgia,  Tunisia)  to  the  development  of  risk-based  controls 
(Armenia).  Both  Georgia  and  Ukraine  adopted  a  new  Tax  Code  and  most  of  the  partners 
continued to expand the network of bilateral treaties on the avoidance of double taxation with 
EU Member States. The Republic of Moldova approved a new regulation on VAT refunds in 
October 2010, aimed at simplifying the refunds procedure and increasing transparency, while 
the VAT collection and management system in Ukraine remained dysfunctional.  

In  the  field  of  competition  policy,  some  countries  (Armenia,  Egypt,  Georgia,  Ukraine) 
continued their reforms towards establishing a modern competition policy. However, overall, 
there are still many challenges in implementing competition policies in many ENP countries 
(Azerbaijan,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Morocco,  Tunisia)  where  an 
adequate legal and institutional framework is not yet in place.  

The  legal  protection  of  intellectual  property  rights  was  reinforced  in  particular  in  the 
Eastern Partnership countries, where Armenia adopted a law on trademarks, Georgia a law on 
design and an amendment to the patent law, and the Republic of Moldova a law on copyrights. 
Ukraine acceded to the Singapore treaty and the Strasbourg agreement. Jordan amended the 
trademark  fees’  schedule.  Vigorous  enforcement  of  the  legal  provisions  is  still  needed,  as 
demonstrated  by  the  high  rankings  of  the  EaP  countries  in  the  report  of  May  2010  by  the 
Business  Software  Alliance,  where  they  all  appear  on  the  world  list  of  the  fifteen  highest 
piracy rates. 

On  financial  services,  despite  the  effects  of  the  global  financial  and  economic  crisis,  most 
partner  countries  continued  to  make  some  progress  in  implementing  the  modernisation  of 

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their  financial  sectors.  New  banking  laws  (Israel,  Jordan,  the  Republic  of  Moldova, 
Palestinian  Authority,  Ukraine)  and  laws  regulating  the  non  banking  financial  sector 
(Azerbaijan, Egypt, the Republic of Moldova, Morocco) were under consideration in several 
ENP countries.  

Most  countries  improved  their  public  procurement  mechanisms  either  by  drafting  or 
adopting  new  laws,  by  setting  up  procurement  agencies  or  review  authorities,  or  by 
developing  electronic  procurement  systems.  Training  the  economic  operators  to  understand 
the new system was an important part of the implementation of the reforms. 

In the area of free movement of capital and payments, ENP partners made modest progress. 
Morocco facilitated the availability of international credit cards, but Ukraine reinstated some 
restrictions.  

All ENP partner countries further improved their statistics with a view to conforming more 
closely  to  European  and  international  standards.  They  have  recently  introduced  new 
legislation, worked on development plans and provided to the EU a considerable number of 
statistical data in various areas including trade, energy and demography.  

Many  of  the  developments  in  consumer  protection  came  about  through  other  areas  of  co-
operation, such as the air services agreements that the EU signed with Georgia and Jordan, 
and  which  include,  among  others,  harmonisation  with  EU  rules  in  that  area.  In Ukraine  the 
financial  sector  regulators  developed  consumer  protection  measures  for  financial  services. 
Jordan developed a specific consumer protection law and Lebanon reactivated its consumer 
protection council. In July 2010, Israel initiated a review of the Israeli standard on the safety 
of  toys  with  a  view  to  adopting  the  EN  European  Standard.  Jordan  transposed  several 
European  standards  and  prepared  draft  regulations  in  some  priority  sectors  (e.g.  electrical 
products and electronic appliances, toys and gas appliances equipment).  

As  regards  co-operation  in  the  field  of  public  internal  financial  control  (PIFC)  in  the 
framework  of  public  finance  management,  the  Republic  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine  continued 
their  reform  efforts  by  establishing  and  implementing  control  systems  and  internal  audit. 
Inter-Ministerial  cooperation  to  prevent  irregularities  needs  ongoing  attention.  Reforms 
gathered  pace  in  Armenia  and  Georgia,  while  initiatives  stagnated  in  Azerbaijan.  Steady 
advances were made in Jordan, the occupied Palestinian territory, and Morocco and Tunisia, 
but  they  lost  momentum  in  Egypt  and  Lebanon.  Public  internal  financial  control,  which  is 
based  on  advanced  principles  such  as  managerial  accountability  and  operationally 
independent  and  decentralised  internal  audit,  can  only  develop  successfully  under  the 
principle of transparency inherent in a democratic state order.  

In the area of enterprise policy, many regional activities took place in both ENP south and 
ENP east. 

implementing 

The  Mediterranean  partner  countries  continued 
the  2009-2010  work 
programme  on  Euro-Mediterranean  industrial  cooperation  and  the  Euro-Mediterranean 
Charter for  Enterprise. Syria,  together with Egypt and the Palestinian Authority, launched a 
regional survey on the added value of the Charter process and on the possible need to revise 
the Charter. Jordan consulted partner countries on their priorities for future Charter activities. 
Based  on  a  proposal  from  Tunisia,  the  European  Training  Foundation  completed  a  very 
successful  pilot  project  on  entrepreneurial  learning  in  higher  education.  Exchange  of 
knowledge  and  good  practice  continued  with  the  publication  of  a  directory  of  on-line 

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manuals,  the  development  of  a  Euro-Mediterranean  good  practice  data  base  and  the 
participation  of  Mediterranean  partner  countries  in  many  European  and  Euro-Mediterranean 
events, including those organised by the regional, EU-supported 'Invest in MED' programme 
and under the dialogue on the textile sector.  

The Eastern Partnership economic platform created a specific panel for ‘Small and Medium 
Enterprises’ (SME panel), which provides a forum for exchange on enterprise policies in the 
six eastern partnership countries and in the EU. A number of projects were launched under the 
SME Flagship Initiative, namely East-Invest (networking); TAM/BAS (advisory services) and 
SME Facility (funding). Also, the Eastern partner countries welcomed the "Enterprise Policy 
Performance"  project,  conducted  by  the  European  Commission,  the  OECD,  the  European 
Training  Foundation  (ETF)  and  the  European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development 
(EBRD).  

The  general  tendency  in  the  ENP  area  is  towards  applying  the  International  Financing 
Reporting Standards for accounting at least for major companies with international exposure. 
Regarding  audit  Egypt  started  up  the  operations  of  an  independent  oversight  board,  the 
Republic of Moldova further developed its board, and Israel developed plans to establish such 
a board.  

4.  COOPERATION ON JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND SECURITY 

In the field of migration, dialogue with ENP partners was pursued mainly at bilateral level 
through  the  available  institutional  frameworks,  such  as  the  Justice  and  Home  Affairs 
Subcommittees  and  the  Working  Groups  on  Migration.  New  subcommittees  on  Justice  and 
Home  Affairs  were  established  with  Armenia  and  with  Azerbaijan.  The  European 
Commission supported dialogue in this field also at regional level, in particular through the 
EUROMED Migration project II.  

The EU signed visa facilitation and readmission agreements with Georgia, which entered into 
force in March 2011. Progress has been made in the EU-Ukraine visa dialogue which entered 
into  the  operational  phase  in  November  2010  on  the  basis  of  an  action  plan  setting  out  all 
technical  conditions  to  be  met  by  Ukraine  before  the  possible  establishment  of  a  visa-free 
travel regime. As regards the Republic of Moldova, following the launch of the visa dialogue, 
in  June  2010,  a  similar  action  plan  on  visa  liberalization  with  a  view  to  the  visa  dialogue 
entering a fully operational phase was presented in January 2011. 

The implementation of the Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements with both Ukraine 
and  the  Republic  of  Moldova  continued.  In  October  2010,  the  Commission  adopted  draft 
negotiating  directives  for  the renegotiation  of  the  Visa  Facilitation  Agreements  in  order  to 
align them with the new Visa Code and introduce further facilitations. 

Regarding  the  Mobility  Partnership  with  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  new  initiatives  were 
included, covering areas such as strengthening organisational and institutional capacity of the 
country to regulate legal migration flows, the promotion of sustainable use of remittances and 
their attraction into the local economy, supporting the implementation of the EU-Republic of 
Moldova  visa  facilitation  and  readmission  agreements,  protection  of  victims  of  trafficking, 
analysing  the  effects  of  migration  on  families  left  behind,  as  well  as  protection  of  refugees 
and asylum seekers. The implementation of most of these projects will start in 2011. 
The mobility partnership with Georgia entered the implementation phase with a project on the 
reintegration of migrants and other activities. Several other projects have been approved for 

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funding,  with  implementation  starting  shortly.  Discussions  started  in  2010  between  the  EU, 
Armenia  and  a  group  of  EU  Member  States  for  the  establishment  of  a  Mobility  Partnership 
with Armenia. 

ENP  partners  continued  to  enhance  their  border  management  capacities  to  combat  cross-
border and organised crime. They also further approximated the border and law-enforcement 
authorities to EU standards. Efforts to professionalise border management services need to be 
resolutely  pursued,  including  through  technical  training  of  staff  in  order  to  maintain  the 
capacity to ensure effective border controls and surveillance. The continuing work on border 
demarcation and delimitation serves to underpin the above efforts, as well as contributing to 
overall  regional  security.  The  Republic  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine  adopted  Integrated  Border 
Management Strategies. 

The  third  and  fourth  meetings  of  the  Eastern  Partnership  Integrated  Border  Management 
(IBM)  Panel  were  held  in  Brussels  in  June  and  in  Chisinau  in  November  2010.  The  Panel 
took  stock  of  the  development  of  the  Eastern  Partnership  IBM  Flagship  Initiative,  which 
includes  training  activities  to  enhance  the  surveillance  capacity  of  the  Eastern  partners,  as 
well as pilot projects on technical equipment and border-crossing infrastructure. 

Regarding  the  fight  against  organised  crime,  the  First  Protocol  to  the  UN  Convention 
against  Trans-national  Organised  Crime  to  Prevent,  Suppress  and  Punish  the  Trafficking  of 
Persons, especially Women and Children, has been signed and ratified by all partners except 
Morocco. Neither Jordan nor Morocco have signed or ratified the Second Protocol against the 
Smuggling  of  Migrants  by  Land,  Sea  and  Air.  The  Third  Protocol  against  the  Illicit 
Manufacturing  of  and  Trafficking  in  Firearms,  Their  Parts,  Components  and  Ammunition 
remains to be signed and ratified by Armenia, Egypt, Jordan, Israel and Ukraine. As was the 
case in 2009, the full and effective implementation of established national plans and strategies 
against  all  forms  of  organised  crime,  particularly  in  the  context  of  regional  cooperation, 
remained a priority for all partner countries.  

Most  ENP  partners  continued  to  implement  the  national  action  plans  adopted  to  fight 
trafficking  in  human  beings,  including  victim  support  measures,  while  working  on  the 
design and adoption of successor action plans. In this regard, renewed attention needs to be 
paid  to  the  rehabilitation  of  victims,  including  social  and  medical  services.  In  2010, 
substantial new laws were adopted in Egypt and drafted in Lebanon. Azerbaijan and Ukraine 
ratified  the  2005  Council  of  Europe  Convention  on  Action  against  Human  Trafficking 
completing the ratification of this important instrument by all ENP partners who are members 
of the Council of Europe. 

Most ENP partners continued to develop and implement national strategies to combat money 
laundering  and  the  financing  of  terrorism,  incorporating  the  40  +  9  FATF  (Financial 
Action  task  Force)  recommendations.  The  work  of  MoneyVal  continues  to  serve  as  a 
reference  point  for  reform.  The  Council  of  Europe’s  2005  Convention  on  the  Laundering, 
Search,  Seizure  and  Confiscation  of  the  Proceeds  from  Crime  and  on  the  Financing  of 
Terrorism  has  yet  to  be  signed  by  Azerbaijan  and  Georgia  In  2010,  Morocco  and  Tunisia 
indicated their intention to apply to join the Egmont Group.  

Regarding  the  fight  against  drugs,  all  partner  countries  continued  implementing  their 
obligations under the 1988 UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic and Psychotropic 
Substances,  and  other  international  instruments.  Continued  attention  to  human  resource 
development  and  capacity  building  within  designated  national  authorities  and  other  law 

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enforcement agencies is still required. As stated in 2009, effective intelligence-sharing among 
ENP partners and other geographical neighbours on drugs production and trafficking supply 
routes  is  critical  for  regional  cooperation.  The  implementation  of  an  integrated  approach 
requires structured cooperation with civil society groups, including the development of harm-
reduction and rehabilitation programmes. In October 2010, ENP partners including Belarus, 
Libya and Syria participated in a TAIEX-funded regional seminar on the EU drug monitoring 
system and the prospects for technical cooperation with the European Monitoring Centre for 
Drugs  and  Drug  Addiction  (EMCDDA).  Jordan  joined  the  Council  of  Europe’s  Pompidou 
Group  in  2010,  while  the  latter’s  cooperation  with  Algeria,  Egypt,  Lebanon,  Morocco  and 
Tunisia  continued  under  the  MedNet  network  with  training  seminars  on  drug  treatment, 
school surveys (MedSPAD), supply indicators and data collection.  

On police and judicial cooperation, Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Republic of Moldova did 
not  sign  the  2001  Second  Additional  Protocol  to  the  European  Convention  on  Mutual 
Assistance in Criminal Matters to protect individual rights in the processing of personal data. 
This protocol is still awaiting ratification by Armenia and Ukraine. 

In  the  area  of  criminal  law  cooperation,  Azerbaijan  ratified  the  Council  of  Europe 
Convention on Cybercrime, but Georgia has yet to ratify it. Azerbaijan and Georgia did not 
sign the 2003 Additional Protocol of that Convention concerning the criminalization of acts of 
a  racist  and  xenophobic  nature  committed  through  computer  systems.  In  2010,  Armenia 
signed  the  Council  of  Europe  Convention  on  the  Protection  of  Children  against  Sexual 
Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, whereas it has still to be ratified by Azerbaijan, Georgia, the 
Republic  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine.  In  addition,  the  1997  Additional  Protocol  to  the 
Convention  on  the  Transfer  of  Sentenced  Persons  has  yet  to  be  signed  by  Azerbaijan  and 
ratified by Armenia. As was the case in 2009, further attention is required in order to ensure 
the  ratification  and  effective  implementation  of  these  Conventions.  Non-Council  of  Europe 
ENP  partners  are  encouraged,  where  possible,  to  accede  to  the  1983  Council  of  Europe 
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons and its 1997 Additional Protocol, as well as 
the  2001  European  Convention  on  Cybercrime  and  its  2003  Additional  Protocol.  In  2010, 
Lebanon  and  Morocco  indicated  their  interest  in  acceding  to  the  European  Convention  on 
Cybercrime. 

With regard to civil law, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan and Ukraine continued their 
cooperation  under  the  Hague  Conference  on  Private  International  Law  working  on 
international  protection  of  children,  family  and  property  relations,  legal  cooperation  and 
commercial  and  finance  law.  In  this  context,  and  in  order  to  improve  international  legal 
assistance and cooperation, ENP partners are encouraged, as they were in 2009, to accede - if 
they  have  not  already  done  so  -  to  the  1980  Hague  Convention  on  Civil  Aspects  of 
International  Child  Abduction;  the  1996  Hague  Convention  on  Parental  Responsibility  and 
the Protection of Children; the 1965 Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and 
Extrajudicial Documents and the 1970 Convention on Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or 
Commercial Matters.  

With the assistance of The Hague Conference, Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Morocco and 
Tunisia  participated  in  the  work  of  the  Judicial  Conference  on  Cross-Frontier  Family  Law 
Issues  –  the  so-called  “Malta  Process”  which  seeks  to  promote  expert  dialogue  on 
international child protection and family law issues. The Malta Process is recognised by these 
ENP partners as a point of reference in deliberating on and settling cross-frontier family law 
disputes. 

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In the context of the Malta Process, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia took part 
in  December  2010  in  two  successful  judicial  seminars  held  in  Rabat  (Morocco)  on  cross-
border protection of children and families, related to the 1980 and 1996 Hague conventions 
and  organized  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  morocco  and  the  Hague  conference  on  Private 
International Law with the financial support of the TAIEX instrument.  

As  regards  data  protection,  Azerbaijan  andUkraine  ratified  the  1981  Convention  for  the 
Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data. The latter is 
yet to be ratified by Armenia and Azerbaijan. Ratification is essential in terms of developing 
further  judicial  and  police  cooperation,  as  well  as  exchange  of  data  with  EUROJUST  and 
Europol. The 2001 Additional Protocol to the Convention, regarding supervisory authorities 
and trans-border data flows, has yet to be ratified by Armenia and the Republic of Moldova 
and  signed  by,  Azerbaijan,  and  Georgia.  A  law  on  data  protection  entered  into  force  in 
Morocco. 

Regarding judicial reform, work continued in order to enhance the capacity and efficiency of 
the judiciary in line with relevant national reform strategies. Efforts to secure greater judicial 
independence,  effectiveness  and  impartiality  faltered  in  several  partner  countries  (Armenia, 
Azerbaijan,  the  Republic  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine),  while  certain  advances  were  noted  in 
others  (Georgia,  Jordan).  A  new  reform  strategy  was  adopted  for  the  occupied  Palestinian 
territory,  whereas  the  situation  did  not  change  substantially  in  other  ENP  partner  countries. 
National  programmes  for  the  continuing  training  of  judges,  prosecutors  and  court  staff 
continued to be implemented in several partner countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, occupied 
Palestinian  territory)  along  with  the  upgrading  of  court  administrative  procedures  and  the 
improvement  of  automated  case  management  (Armenia,  Georgia,  the  Republic  of  Moldova, 
Morocco). Improvements in access to justice were also noted in the Republic of Moldova and 
the  occupied  Palestinian  territory.  No  tangible  progress  was  noted  in  the  area  of  judicial 
reform  in  Lebanon,  although  there  were  some  signs  of  a  political  commitment  to 
comprehensive reform in Egypt and Tunisia following recent developments there.  

In  the  area  of  penitentiary  reform,  progress  remained  slow  across  Armenia,  Azerbaijan, 
Georgia,  Egypt,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Morocco,  Ukraine  and  Tunisia,  while  reform 
advanced  in  Jordan  in  cooperation  with  international  partners.  Prison  overcrowding, 
including for remand prisoners, use of ill treatment and torture and lack of access by human 
rights  and  international  observers  to  penitentiary  facilities  remain  significant  unaddressed 
issues in most ENP partner countries. The use of parole and other alternatives to detention and 
long-term  incarceration  need  to  be  explored  in  parallel  with  improvements  to  medical  and 
social care.  

In  the  area  of  juvenile  justice,  there  was  a  dialogue  with  Georgia,  Jordan,  Morocco  and 
Ukraine on the development of appropriate protection policies for child and young offenders 
by  law  enforcement  agencies.  Customised  juvenile  justice  approaches,  including  juvenile 
parole  boards,  are  necessary  in  order  to  develop  appropriate  prevention  and  probation 
policies. The application of international standards and norms on juvenile justice, particularly 
the  1985  UN  Standard  Minimum  Rules  for  the  Administration  of  Juvenile  Justice  (Beijing 
Rules)  and  the  1990  UN  Guidelines  for  the  Prevention  of  Juvenile  Delinquency  (Riyadh 
Guidelines), serve as one of the main reference points for policy dialogue.  

All partner countries except Syria completed ratification of the 2005 UN Convention against 
Corruption. As a complement to their international obligations under the above Convention, 
Egypt  and  Tunisia  have  yet  to  sign  the  2003  African  Union  Convention  on  Preventing  and 

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Combating Corruption. Cooperation with civil society in the implementation of national anti-
corruption plans remains critical in all partner countries in order to fight corruption in both the 
public and private sectors. Enhanced vigilance is required in relation to transparency in public 
procurement, in order to guarantee the accountability of public officials. 

In  2010,  the  Council  of  Europe’s  Criminal  Law  Convention  on  Corruption  and  its  2003 
Additional Protocol, aimed at protecting domestic  and foreign  judicial  arbitrators and jurors 
from corruption, entered into force in Ukraine. The latter was not signed by Azerbaijan and 
Georgia. 

With regard to civil service and public administration reform, further advances in planning 
for  a  professional  and  accountable  civil  service  were  noted  in  Jordan,  the  Republic  of 
Moldova, the occupied Palestinian territory and Ukraine, while the pace slackened further in 
Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Egypt,  Georgia  and  Lebanon.  The  absence  of  comprehensive  reform 
strategies incorporating schedules for implementing ethics codes and strengthening the quality 
of public service through training poses a serious obstacle to further advances in the case of 
each ENP partner.  

Regional  cooperation  under  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Justice  Programme  with  the 
participation  of  all  Mediterranean  ENP  partners  including  Algeria  and  Syria  continued  in 
2010, covering the themes of access to justice and legal aid, resolution of cross-border family 
conflicts and criminal and prison law.  

All  Mediterranean  partners,  including  Algeria  and  Syria,  participated  actively  in  the 
EuroMed  Police  II  programme  which  covers  joint  cooperation  activities  and  seminars  for 
senior officers on specialized topics of practical police cooperation in all fields of organized 
crime, terrorism, drug and weapons trafficking.  

5.  TRANSPORT,  ENERGY,  CLIMATE  CHANGE,  ENVIRONMENT,  CIVIL  PROTECTION, 

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION, INFORMATION SOCIETY, AUDIOVISUAL SECTOR 

Regarding transport, the partner countries continued to implement sector reforms to increase 
the efficiency, safety and security of transport operations. 

In  the  aviation  sector,  negotiations  on  more  comprehensive  Euro-Mediterranean  aviation 
agreements were launched with Tunisia. In December 2010, the EU signed comprehensive air 
services agreements with Georgia and with Jordan. The agreements will open the respective 
markets and integrate Jordan and Georgia into a Common Aviation Area with the EU. Jordan 
and  Georgia  will  harmonise  their  legislation  with  European  standards  and  implement  EU 
aviation rules in areas such as aviation safety, security, environment, consumer protection, air 
traffic  management,  competition  issues  and  social  aspects.  Negotiations  on  a  Common 
Aviation  Area  agreement  with  Lebanon  and  Ukraine  advanced  slowly  and  need  to  be 
accelerated,  particularly  in  view  of  the  importance  of  safety  aspects  in  Ukraine.  Most 
countries continued to implement a policy of gradual introduction of EU standards. However, 
the  civil  aviation  administrations (in  particular  in  relation  to  safety  oversight)  and  the 
performance of carriers need to be strengthened.  

In the road sector, a number of countries made substantial progress regarding the introduction 
of  the  digital  tachograph  under  the  UN-ECE  AETR  agreement  on  driving  times  and  rest 
periods.  

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Reform of the rail sector is ongoing. In some countries (Egypt) very comprehensive railway 
restructuring  plans  made  good  progress,  while  in  other  countries  (Jordan,  the  Republic  of 
Moldova  or  Armenia)  rail  policy  concentrated  on  the  upgrading  or  construction  of  new 
railway infrastructure. 

Partner  countries  paid  particular  attention  to  maritime  safety  standards.  However,  certain 
partners need to step up their efforts to implement these standards, especially Georgia and the 
Republic of Moldova, which are still considered a high risk flag and remain on the black list 
of  the  Paris  Memorandum  of  Understanding  on  port  state  control.  Egypt,  Lebanon  and 
Ukraine also remained on the black list. 

A  number  of  important  initiatives  to  promote  regional  transport  cooperation  continued.  The 
Euro-Mediterranean Transport Working Groups met regularly and agreed on further steps to 
implement both  the  regulatory  reform  and related  actions  of  the Regional  Transport  Action 
Plan  for  the  Mediterranean  for  the  period  2007-2013  in  respect  of  transport  network 
planning (RTAP).  EC-funded  technical  support  is  ongoing  and  multi-faceted.  As  part  of  the 
SAFEMED  II  project  to  develop  Euro-Mediterranean  co-operation  in  the  field  of  maritime 
safety  and  security,  in  late  2010  a  number  of  countries  indicated  their  willingness  to  share 
their  AIS  (Automatic  identification  systems)  data  with  the  rest  of  the  Safemed  project 
beneficiary  countries  through  the  use  of  the  already  established  EC/EMSA  MED  AIS 
Regional Server located in Rome, Italy. Furthermore, in the framework of the Motorways of 
the  Sea-MEDAMOS  project,  work  has  started  on  the  development  of  a  roadmap for  a 
Motorway  of  the  Seas  network  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  also  connects  to  the Trans 
European Transport network (TEN-T). A short list of priority projects drawn up by the Euro-
Mediterranean  Transport  Infrastructure  Working  group  has  received  practical  technical 
assistance  in  2010  with  a  view  to  their  realization. These  projects  lie  at  the  basis of  the 
implementation  of  the  missing  infrastructure  links  of  the  Trans  Mediterranean  Transport 
network  (TMN-T).   Under  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Aviation  Project,  plans  have  been 
developed  to  create  a  cell  within  the  EASA  which  is  fully  devoted  to  cooperation  with  the 
Mediterranean  Partners  during  the  period  2011-2013.  This  will  favour  the  harmonisation  of 
the standards and procedures of air safety between the European Union and the Mediterranean 
Partners.  Regional  cooperation  with  Eastern  partners  has  continued  to  make  progress  in  the 
Eastern Partnership and TRACECA framework. Regarding the Eastern Partnership, transport 
cooperation  was  launched  in  May  2010  under  ‘Platform  2  on  Economic  Integration  and 
Convergence with EU Policies’. Transport cooperation will focus in particular on road safety. 
The  TRACECA  Coordinating  project  has  used a  participatory  methodology  that  was 
developed  to  identify  the  list  of  TRACECA  infrastructure  priority  projects  which  were 
presented  at  the first TRACECA  Investment  Forum,  held  on  12  October  2010  in  Brussels. 
Most  of  the  projects  presented,  for  instance  the  "Road/Armenian  project  "North-South 
Corridor"  and  Road/Georgia  Zestaponi-Samtredia  Motorway  Widening,  will  be  financed 
through EIB loans and grant schemes. As a follow-up to this exercise, several projects were 
earmarked to receive practical technical assistance. The foundations have been laid to develop 
a regional maritime safety and security strategy in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Also, in 
order to enhance maritime trade and port operations and establish Motorways of the Sea for 
the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, a number of pilot projects have been developed, with the 
close involvement of both the public and private sectors. 

The EU and the ENP partners enhanced energy dialogue and cooperation. The ENP partners 
took some steps towards reform, increasingly aimed at achieving a measure of approximation 
with EU rules and enhanced efforts on energy efficiency and renewable energy.  

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Bilateral energy dialogue and cooperation continued, particularly in the energy subcommittees 
and  in  the  context  of  ENPI  energy  projects.  The  first  ever  meetings  of  the  energy 
subcommittees were held, in October 2010, with Armenia and Georgia. In October 2010, the 
Commission  and  Egypt  held  an  energy  dialogue  under  the  EU-Egypt  Memorandum  of 
Understanding  (MoU)  on  a  strategic  partnership.  In  November  2010,  the  Georgian  Prime 
Minister and the Energy Commissioner co-chaired a Georgia energy investment conference in 
Brussels. Also in November 2010, the EU-Ukraine Summit endorsed the fifth progress report 
on the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Energy 
cooperation.  In  October  2010,  the  European  Commission  and  Belarus  held  an  energy 
dialogue.  Negotiations  on  an  Energy  MoU  with  Algeria  have  not  yet  been  concluded.  The 
energy dialogue with Libya continued in the context of the EU-Libya framework agreement 
negotiations.  

At regional/multilateral level, the EU and the Eastern partners consolidated cooperation under 
the  Eastern  Partnership  (EaP).  A  second  series  of  EaP  Energy  Security  Platform  meetings 
were  held  in  May  and  October  2010,  focusing  on  security  of  supply,  oil  supply  and  energy 
efficiency. In addition, in July 2010 an EaP workshop on electricity interconnection was held. 
The EU and the Eastern partners continued their cooperation, including in the context of the 
‘Baku  initiative’  for  EU-Black  Sea/Caspian  energy  cooperation.  The  areas  of  (project) 
integration,  regulatory  convergence,  networks,  energy 
cooperation  remained  market 
efficiency and renewable energy.  

The  EU  and  the  Mediterranean  ENP  partners  made  progress  in  the  context  of  the  Euro-
Mediterranean  energy  cooperation. Partners took steps, with EU support, towards the future 
realisation  of  the  Mediterranean  Solar  Plan  and  the  Euro-Mediterranean  gas  and  electricity 
rings.  Projects  aimed  at  the  integration  of  the  Maghreb  (concluded  in  2010)  and  Mashrek 
energy  markets,  regulation,  energy  statistics,  energy  efficiency  and  renewable  energy  also 
continued. In June 2010, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia adopted an action plan for the period 
2010-2015,  confirming  their  intention  to  establish  a  Maghreb  electricity  market  as  a 
preparation  for  gradual  integration  with  the  EU  energy  market.  As  reiterated  during  the 
dialogue with the parties, the European  Commission remains committed to re-activating  the 
trilateral energy cooperation with Israel and the Palestinian Authority, which has stalled due 
to the regional conflict. The aim remains to establish a joint energy office and to facilitate the 
development of projects of common interest, such as the joint “Solar for Peace” initiative.  

ENP  partners  adopted  new  energy  strategies  (Belarus,  Lebanon),  implemented  existing 
strategies,  continued  preparing  new  policies  (Egypt,  Israel)  or  announced  plans  to  update 
policies  (Jordan,  the  Republic  of  Moldova).  Partners  continued  their  efforts  to  enhance  the 
(future)  use  of  domestic  energy  resources  such  as  hydrocarbons  (Azerbaijan,  Israel,  Jordan 
and Tunisia), renewable energy sources, uranium (Armenia, Egypt and Jordan) and oil shale 
(Armenia,  Egypt,  Jordan  and  Morocco).  In  April  2010,  Egypt,  Jordan,  Morocco,  Syria, 
Turkey  and  energy  companies  (including  from  the  EU)  signed  a  declaration  on  the 
establishment of an oil shale cooperation centre. The EU supported this process. 

In 2010, several ENP partners continued their preparations towards a degree of approximation 
with the internal energy market. In May 2010 the Republic of Moldova became a member of 
the Energy Community, following the entry into force of the new electricity and gas laws. In 
December  2010,  Ukraine  ratified  the  Energy  Community  Treaty  and  became  a  member  in 
February 2011. In July 2010 Ukraine adopted a new gas law which the EU considers to be a 
sound  basis  for  starting  to  align  with  the  EU  and  Energy  Community  rules.  In  May  2010, 
Armenia applied to become an  observer of  this Community. Georgia,  which  is  currently  an 

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observer  under  the  Energy  Community,  looked  into  the  possibility  of  membership.  In 
February  2010,  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  established  the  electricity  regulatory 
council.  

ENP  partners  continued  to  develop,  construct  and  refurbish  energy  infrastructure,  including 
power  plants  (to  deal  with  growing  demand)  and  energy  networks.  The  main  gas  and  oil 
export  pipelines  of  Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum  (Turkey)  and  Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan  (Turkey)  also 
brought Caspian resources to the EU in 2010. In June 2010, Azerbaijan and Turkey agreed on 
gas  pricing  and  transit  through  Turkey.  This  is  a  major  step  in  the  development  of  the 
Azerbaijani  Shah-Deniz-II  gas  field  and  the  strategic  Southern  Gas  Corridor.  The  EU-
European  Investment  Bank-World  Bank study  for  a  Caspian  Development  Corporation  was 
pursued  with  the  central  purpose  of  aggregating  gas  demand  in  support  of  the  Corridor’s 
development. In September 2010, the Heads of State of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Romania, as 
well  as  the  Hungarian  Prime  Minister,  endorsed  the  AGRI  project  (Azerbaijan-Georgia-
Romania  Interconnection).  The  aim  of  the  project  is  to  export  liquefied  natural  gas  from 
Azerbaijan, via a Georgian Black Sea terminal, to Romania and beyond. Azerbaijan, Georgia, 
Lithuania,  Poland  and  Ukraine  continued  working  towards  a  Euro-Asian  Oil  Transportation 
Corridor. Azerbaijani, Georgian and Bulgarian companies further studied the possibilities of 
developing compressed natural gas supply to the EU across the Black Sea from the Georgian 
coast. 

Following up the joint 2009 EU-Ukraine conference on the modernisation of the Ukrainian gas 
transit  system,  the  EU  agreed  to  support  a  feasibility  study  and  an  environmental  and  social 
impact study on the modernisation of the Ukrainian gas networks and underground gas storage 
facilities. In September 2010 the EU, the European Investment Bank, the EBRD and the World 
Bank  agreed  to  consider  the  reconstruction  of  sections  of  the  Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod  gas 
pipeline  as  a  ‘fast  track’  project.  Tunisia  continued  to  implement  the  project  to  double  the 
capacity  of  the  gas  interconnection  with  Italy.  Algeria  continued  the  construction  of  the 
“Medgaz” interconnection with Spain and the preparations for the “GALSI” interconnection 
with Italy.  

Regarding  electricity,  Ukraine  and  the  Republic  of  Moldova  continued  with  preparations  to 
join the interconnected electricity networks of continental Europe in the future. Financing for 
a  technical  study  is  being  identified.  Belarus  explored  with  Lithuania  and  Poland  the 
possibilities  for  electricity  interconnections.  Armenia  and  Georgia,  as  well  as  Armenia  and 
Iran,  made  progress  on  new  electricity  interconnections.  Azerbaijan,  Georgia  and  Turkey 
continued  to  work  towards  the  Black  Sea  Electricity  Transmission  Line.  The  Republic  of 
Moldova  further  prepared  electricity  interconnections  with  Romania.  Morocco  launched  the 
construction  of  a  third  electricity  connection  with  Spain.  The  occupied  Palestinian  territory 
and  Jordan  continued  studying  an  additional  electricity  interconnection.  Tunisia  continued 
work on an electricity interconnection with Italy.  

ENP  partners  made  further  efforts  to  promote  and  use  renewable  energy  sources  and  to 
increase  energy  efficiency.  Strategies  and  laws  in  these  areas  were  launched  or  are  in 
preparation (Algeria, Armenia, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, the Republic of Moldova, Morocco and 
Ukraine)  and  institutions  were  established  or  strengthened  (Azerbaijan,  Lebanon  and 
Morocco).  ENP  partners  further  prepared  and  commissioned  solar  and  wind  power  plant 
projects. In October 2010, Georgia (Tbilisi) hosted a major conference of the EU-supported 
Covenant  of  Mayors,  aiming  at  promoting  energy  efficiency  and  the  use  of  renewables  at 
local level.  

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Armenia  and  Ukraine  continued  the  safety  upgrading  of  their  nuclear  power  plants  and 
strengthened  the  nuclear  regulatory  authorities.  Armenia  and  Russia  agreed  to  construct, 
expectedly  in  the  period  2012-201/18  a  new  nuclear  power  plant.  Armenia  continued  to 
prepare  a  decommissioning  strategy  for  the  Medzamor  Nuclear  Power  Plant,  as  well  as  a 
nuclear fuel/radioactive waste strategy. In 2010, Ukraine, the European Commission and the 
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) completed their joint evaluation of the nuclear 
safety  of  the  country’s  nuclear  power  plants.  The  evaluation  concluded  that  there  was  full 
compliance with most of the IAEA’s standards. Ukraine is making progress in addressing the 
cases of non-full compliances. Ukraine took further steps to restore the Chernobyl site to an 
environmentally  safe  condition.  Belarus,  Egypt  and  Jordan  further  prepared  their  plans  to 
construct  a  nuclear  power  plant.  Jordan  launched  the  construction  of  a  nuclear  research 
reactor.  

In  the  field  of  climate  change,  some  partners  (Armenia,  Egypt,  Israel  and  Morocco) 
submitted  national  communications  to  the  UN  Framework  Convention  on  Climate  Change, 
including greenhouse gas inventories, vulnerability assessments and mitigation and adaptation 
measures.  The  Republic  of  Moldova  completed  a  first  draft  National  Low  Emission 
Development  Strategy  and  a  draft  National  Climate  Change  Adaptation  Strategy.  Israel 
launched a pilot project for a voluntary greenhouse gas registry. Georgia organised a second 
Climate  Week  to  raise  awareness  among  stakeholders.  In  the  oPt,  the  Council  of  Ministers 
approved the establishment of a National Committee on Climate Change. 

The majority of partner countries continued to prepare investment projects to promote the use 
of  the  Joint  Implementation  and  Clean  Development  Mechanism  under  the  Kyoto  Protocol. 
Some new projects in Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Ukraine were registered at UN level, but the 
vast majority of projects have still not yet been formally registered. In the reporting period, 
international  discussions  and  negotiations  on  a  post-2012  climate  change  regime  continued. 
The EU remains fully committed to the UN negotiating process with a view to concluding a 
robust  and  effective  legally  binding  international  agreement.  All  partner  countries  are 
encouraged to fully implement the Cancun agreement and in particular devise a low carbon 
development  strategy  including  update  information  on  target  or  actions  that  they  will 
implement. 

Overall, there was only modest progress in the field of environment. Egypt and the Republic 
of  Moldova  took  some  steps  to  strengthen  environmental  administration.  Enhanced 
administrative and implementation capacity, as well as enhanced resources, are still required 
in  partner  countries,  including  cooperation  and  co-ordination  between  the  different 
authorities.  Ukraine  adopted  a  National  Environment  Strategy  until  2020.  In  the  oPt,  the 
Environmental Quality Authority developed an Environment Sector Strategy for 2011-2013. 
Several partner countries took steps to prepare (Georgia) or review and implement (Jordan) 
their  overall  environment  strategies  and  action  plans.  Some  partner  countries  continued  to 
prepare  (Armenia,  Georgia,  Morocco  and  the  Republic  of  Moldova)  or  review  (Jordan) 
environmental framework legislation. As regards issue-specific legislation and implementing 
legislation, Israel adopted new legislation on the packaging of waste, Jordan approved new 
instructions  on  environmental  audit  and  Tunisia  adopted  a  Decree  setting  emission  limit 
values for air pollution from fixed sources. Algeria is preparing new legislation on air quality 
and  environmental  liability.  Implementation  and  enforcement  of  environmental  legislation 
continues  to  require  attention.  Azerbaijan  established  the  State  Commission  for  Integrated 
Water Management and also strengthened environmental authorities. Egypt took  some  steps 
to enhance administrative capacities with regard to integrated coastal zone management and 
marine pollution. As regards sector-specific strategies, programmes and plans, Egypt designed 

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a waste management master plan for Cairo as a model for the rest of the country. Azerbaijan 
submitted  a  National  Implementation  Plan  for  2007–2020  under  the  Stockholm  Convention 
on  Persistent  Organic  Pollutants  (POPs),  and  Armenia  established  inventories  of  landfills, 
obsolete pesticides and PCBs. Lebanon began to prepare a National Water Strategy. Morocco 
launched a programme for the protection of biodiversity and published a new strategy for the 
management  of  water  resources.  In  oPt,  the  Council  of  Ministers  approved  a  Water  and 
Wastewater Strategy for 2011-2013. 

Overall,  partner  countries  took  limited  steps  to  integrate  environment  considerations  into 
other policy sectors. Most partners still need to complete or strengthen procedures for EIA, in 
particular with regard to public participation. State-of-the-environment reports were prepared 
or published in Georgia and Israel. Morocco started work on drawing up regional reports on 
the state of the environment in five out of sixteen regions. In most partner countries, further 
attention is required with regard to access to information and public participation. 

In January 2011, Armenia ratified the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessments to the 
UNECE  Convention  on  Environmental  Impact  Assessment  in  a  Trans-boundary  Context. 
Overall progress remained limited in terms of ratifying and signing international and regional 
environment  conventions  and  protocols.  Furthermore,  implementation  of  the  many  already 
ratified agreements remains a challenge in most cases. Partner countries participated actively 
in various regional initiatives, such as the Horizon 2020 Initiative and the Eastern Partnership 
Flagship Initiatives. Partner countries also continued to participate in activities under the EU 
Water  Initiative,  including  national  policy  dialogues  in  some  countries.  REC  Caucasus  and 
REC Moldova continued to play an important role in enhancing stakeholder participation and 
networking in the area of the environment. The European Commission held a further technical 
environment  meeting  with  Belarus  in  October  2010.  Environment  sub-committees  with 
Armenia  and  Georgia  met  for  the  first  time.  Construction  and  upgrading  of  environment 
related infrastructure continued, including with the support of EU financing instruments such 
as  the  Neighbourhood  Investment  Facility  (NIF),  EU  Member  States  and  International 
Financial Institutions. Many partners showed a continued interest in EU experiences, and are 
increasingly ready to converge with key elements of the EU’s environment directives.  

In the field of civil protection, the Community Civil Protection Mechanism was mobilised in 
December  2010  to  assist  Israel  to  combat  forest  fires.  Discussions  with  the  Republic  of 
Moldova  on  an  administrative  arrangement  are  underway.  Partner  countries  continued  to 
participate  in  the  Eastern  Partnership  flagship  initiative  and  the  Euro-Mediterranean 
Programme on preparedness of and response to man-made and natural disasters.  

Reforms  in  the  Information  Society  field  are  well  advanced  in  most  ENP  countries,  and 
some  are  progressing  towards  the  establishment  of  truly  independent  telecoms  regulators. 
However,  in  many  cases  the  political  situation  does  not  yet  allow  the  introduction  of  key 
institutional  safeguards  supporting  genuine  independence  (such  as  budget  autonomy, 
separation  of  regulatory  and  commercial  activities,  transparent  criteria  for  the  appointment 
and  dismissal  of  the  board  members,  etc).  Except  for  Azerbaijan,  Belarus,  Israel,  and  the 
occupied  Palestinian  territory,  partner  countries  have  established  independent  regulatory 
authorities.  Syria  recently  established  a  regulator.  There  is  a  need  to  continue  to  strengthen 
administrative capacity or the independence of the regulator in many countries, in particular 
in  Algeria,  Armenia,  Egypt,  Lebanon  and  Ukraine.  Overall,  those  countries  which  have 
opened the telecoms markets the most (in relative terms), such as Israel, Jordan and Morocco, 
have clearly benefited and are the countries where the share weight of the ICT sector on the 
GDP is the highest in the region (14% in Jordan, 12.5% in Morocco). 

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At  regional/multilateral  level,  the  Mediterranean  partners  continued  to  be  involved  in  the 
second  phase  of  EUMEDCONNECT  (whose  high-capacity  IP-based  data-communications 
network serves the research and education communities in seven countries across the southern 
Mediterranean)  and  the  activities  supported  by  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Group  of  European 
Regulators (EMERG). For example, in May 2010 a high level workshop on the establishment 
of  "Independent  Regulatory  Authorities"  took  place  in  Beirut  (Lebanon).  Under  the  Eastern 
Partnership  (EaP),  a  similar  workshop  took  place  for  Eastern  regulators  in  the  field 
of electronic communications  in  Vienna  in  October  2010.  A  first  informal  network  of 
regulators  of  the  EaP  was  established,  enabling  the  development  of  further  contacts  with  a 
view to providing expertise and sharing of best practice in the field of telecoms regulation. In 
September  2010  the  "High-Performance  Computing  Infrastructure  for  South  East  Europe’s 
Research Communities" (HP-SEE) project was launched, thereby complementing the linking 
of  the  research  and  education  communities  around  the  Black  Sea  with  a  computation 
infrastructure.  This  brings  the  Black  Sea  community  to  a  level  similar  to  that  of  their 
European partners. The Black Sea Interconnection (BSI) project was concluded in 2010 and 
HP-SEE  is  continuing  and  enhancing  its  services.  BSI  has  served  as  a  role  model  for  the 
Central Asian CAREN initiative. 

Partner countries made limited progress in the audiovisual sector. While many Mediterranean 
partners  still  need  to  set  up  agencies  or  strengthen  their  administrative  capacities,  media 
freedom  actually  seems  to  be  deteriorating  in  some  Eastern  partner  countries,  notably 
Ukraine.  

Regarding  research  and  innovation,  ENP  partner  countries  were  very  interested  in 
increasing  their  participation  in  the  7th  Research  Framework  Programme  (FP7)  and 
strengthened their national contact points as well as their research system. Countries that had 
paid particular attention to building a strong national contact points network, such as Egypt, 
Morocco, Ukraine and Tunisia, reaped the benefits in the form of increased success under the 
FP7. The participation of several countries (Algeria, Armenia and  Lebanon) remained below 
their  potential.  In  2010,  first  negotiations  started  with  the  Republic  of  Moldova  on  FP7 
association.  The  Republic  of  Moldova  adopted  a  comprehensive  action  plan  with  a  view  to 
preparing  its  possible  association  with  the  FP7.  Israel,  the  only  ENP  country  already  fully 
associated  with  the  FP7,  continued  to  perform  at  a  high  level.  A  Science  and  Technology 
Agreement  between  the  EU  and  Algeria  is  currently  in  preparation.  Egypt  and  Syria 
strengthened  their  cooperation  with  the  Enterprise  Europe  Network.  Tunisia  joined  this 
network and Morocco submitted an application to join it.  

At  regional/multilateral  level,  a  second  call  for  proposals,  ERA-WIDE,  was  issued  for  all 
ENP countries in July 2010, with a deadline for submission of March 2011. The call aims to 
develop  the  research  strategy  of  research  centres,  and  to  increase  cooperation  capacity  and 
networking  with  EU  Member  States  and  FP7  associated  countries.  Participation  in  ERA-
WIDE  should  improve  the  quality  of  research  activities  and/or  promising  research  centres 
under  all  FP7  thematic  priorities.  In  January  2010,  Egypt  hosted  the  'Euromed  Innovation 
Marketplace'  in  Cairo,  in  the  framework  of  the  Union  for  the  Mediterranean,.  This  event 
provided a platform for researchers, scientists, business people, inventors and policy makers 
from Mediterranean and EU countries to meet, network and further develop projects, business 
ideas and partnerships.  

Eastern  partner  countries  continued  to  play  an  active  part  in  the  International  S&T 
Cooperation Network for Eastern European and Central Asian countries (FP7 IncoNet EECA 
project). The network aims to support a bi-regional EU-EECA policy dialogue on science and 

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technology and to increase EECA participation in FP7. Some countries also played an active 
part  in  the  Black  Sea  ERA-NET  project,  which  aims  to  contribute  to  the  coordination  of 
national research programmes (from EU Member States and partner countries) targeting the 
extended  Black  Sea  region.  A  first  call  for  proposals  was  launched  in  2010,  which  aims  to 
promote  collaborative  research  for  innovative  solutions  concerning  sustainable  development 
and focusing on energy, climate change and environmental research. 

6.  HUMAN CAPITAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 

Education and training 

Higher Education 

Most  ENP  partners  adopted  medium-term  strategic  approaches  for  higher  education 
development for the period up to 2015, including governance reforms and changes to the legal 
and budgetary expenditure frameworks. As in 2009, the Bologna Process continued to act as 
the  main  policy  reference  framework  for  higher  education  reform  in  all  partner  countries1. 
ENP  partners  advanced  on  quality  assurance  and  on  the  adaptation  of  higher  education 
provision to the three-cycle structure. Reference to and use of the European Credit Transfer 
System  (ECTS)  increased  for  the  purposes  of  academic  credit  transfer,  as  well  as  mutual 
recognition of degrees. In conjunction with the above, Bologna Process Diploma Supplements 
were introduced in Ukraine and continued to be applied in Georgia, the Republic of Moldova 
and  Tunisia.  Other  ENP  partners  are  encouraged  to  adopt  the  former  or  similar  national 
measures to provide greater transparency of higher education qualifications. The introduction 
of quality assurance mechanisms, ensuring equal and transparent access to higher education 
and  the  development  of  university  autonomy  remain  key  policy  goals.  Strengthening 
partnerships with enterprises and industry remains critical in order to ensure the relevance of 
taught programmes and to enhance the employment prospects of higher education graduates. 
In March, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia participated in the second meeting of 
the  Bologna  Policy  Forum  in  Vienna,  focusing  on  mobility  issues  and  how  best  to  promote 
“brain circulation” through international cooperation. The Vienna Ministerial Conference also 
officially  launched  the  European  Higher  Education  Area  as  envisaged  under  the  1999 
Bologna Declaration.  

A  total  of  89  students  from  ENP  partner  countries  were  awarded  Erasmus  Mundus  Masters 
Course scholarships under Action 1 of Erasmus Mundus in 2010, and two doctoral candidates 
received fellowships to take part in Erasmus Mundus Joint doctorates (Action 1). Since 2009, 
it has been possible for higher education institutions from ENP and other third countries to be 
involved in Erasmus Mundus Master Courses and Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorates as full 

1 

Only  Ukraine,  Moldova,  Georgia,  Armenia  and  Azerbaijan  are  formal  signatories  to  the  Bologna 
Declaration.  The  Bologna  Declaration  of  June  1999,  signed  by  29  European  Ministers  of  Higher 
Education,  foresees  the  establishment  of  a  European  Higher  Education  Area  by  2010.  The  Bologna 
Process aims to put in motion the reforms necessary for its creation, namely: the introduction of a three-
cycle  system  (bachelor/master/doctorate),  quality  assurance  and  mobility  and  recognition  of 
qualifications  and  periods  of  study.  Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Geogia,  the  Republic  of  Moldova  and 
Ukraine  joined  the  Bologna  Process  at  the  Bergen  Conference  in  May  2005.  Southern  ENP  partners 
adopted a declaration calling for the establishment of a Euro-Mediterranean Higher Education Area at 
the  First  Euro-Mediterranean  Ministerial  Conference  on  Higher  Education  and  Scientific  Research  in 
Cairo in June 2007. 

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partners form the outset.  ENP universities and higher education institutions are encouraged to 
use this opportunity to strengthen the link with their EU counterparts. 

In addition, student and academic mobility is forecasted to receive an additional boost in the 
academic  year  2010-11  under  the  Action  2  (Partnerships).  Total  realised  mobility  flows 
between  ENP  partner  countries  and  the  EU  came  to  1 138  for  the  academic  year  2009-10 
including 913 students and academics from ENP partner countries. 

Under Action 1, it is now possible for higher education institutions from ENP and other third 
countries to be involved in Erasmus Mundus Master Courses (EMMC) and Erasmus Mundus 
Joint  Doctorates  (EMJD)  as  full  partners  from  the  outset.  ENP  universities  and  higher 
education institutions are encouraged to use this opportunity to strengthen links with their EU 
counterparts. 

In 2010, 52 university graduates from ENP countries benefitted from master’s scholarships to 
study at the College of Europe (Bruges and Natolin). In addition, 48 graduate students from 
ENP countries and the Russian Federation received scholarships to follow a master’s degree 
in European Integration Studies in European universities for the academic years 2010-11 and 
2011-12 under a special pilot project. 

There  was  a  significant  increase  in  participation  from  ENP  partner  countries  in  the  Jean 
Monnet Programme in 2010. For the first time ever, one Jean Monnet teaching module each 
was  selected  from  universities  in  Armenia,  Azerbaijan  and  Egypt,  while  one  module  and  a 
conference  were  selected  from  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory.  One  new  conference  and 
teaching module was selected in the Republic of Moldova and Morocco respectively, while a 
conference  and  two  new  Chairs  were  selected  in  Ukraine.  ENP  partner  universities  are 
encouraged  to  continue  submitting  high  quality  applications  under  the  Jean  Monnet 
programme  in  order  to  improve  understanding  of  European  integration  and  wider  relations 
with  the  European  Union,  as  well  as  to  promote  academic  research,  teaching  and  free  and 
open debate on issues of mutual interest.  

In  the  context  of  the  Eastern  Partnership,  Jean  Monnet  seminars  were  held  in  Ukraine  in 
October and in Brussels in December 2010. In the same context, an exploratory round table to 
present  the  eTwinning  programme  for  schools,  its  cooperation  opportunities  and  technical 
requirements took place in the Republic of Moldova in October, to discuss the potential partial 
opening of the programme to Eastern Partnership countries.  

Tempus  continued  supporting  higher  education  reform  across  all  partner  countries  by 
promoting voluntary convergence with developments in the EU. A third Call for Proposals for 
Tempus IV was launched, eliciting a strong response from all ENP partner countries with a 
particular  interest  in  multi-country  and  inter-regional  projects  (ENP  and  the  Russian 
Federation) under the broad themes of curricular and governance reform and higher education 
and society. A total of 34 projects from ENP countries were selected under the Call, with a 
further  eight  projects  for  the  Russian  Federation.  Tempus  issued  three  policy-relevant 
publications  in  2010:  a  review  of  university  governance,  the  state  of  play  of  the  Bologna 
Process  in  all  Tempus  countries  for  2009-10,  and  a  specific  report  on  the  same  for  the 
countries  of  the  Southern  Mediterranean.  In  addition,  overviews  of  the  higher  educations 
systems  in  the  different  Tempus  partner  countries  were  published  on  the  Tempus  website 
providing  interesting  insight  of  the  national  systems.    Furthermore,  the  Commission  took 
preparatory  measures  to  facilitate  Libya’s  full  participation  in  the  programme  as  from  the 
fourth  Call  for  Proposals  (2011),  including  the  establishment  of  a  National  Tempus  Office. 

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The  work  of  the  Higher  Education  Reform  Experts  (HERE)  continued,  including  a  specific 
regional  training  seminar  on  quality  assurance  for  the  Southern  Caucasus  in  Georgia  in 
November  2010.  Two  general  experts  meetings  as  part  of  the  Bologna  Process  training 
seminars  were  held,  in  Tallinn  in  June  2010,  on  recognition  of  studies  and  in  Cyprus,  in 
November 2010, on the social dimension of higher education.  Moreover, a regional seminar 
on  university  governance  involving  experts  from  Eastern  European  countries  (including 
Russia) took place in Kyiv in April 2010.  

As in 2009, ENP partners are encouraged to refer to the European Standards and Guidelines 
for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ESG) and, where applicable, to join the European 
Quality  Assurance  Register  (EQUAR).  In  pursuing  the  internationalisation  of  higher 
education, greater attention should be paid to the professional development of academic and 
administrative staff,  as  well  as  to  promoting the active involvement of students in decision-
making processes, particularly in the areas of mobility and changes to curricular content.  

Vocational Education and Training  

The  reform  of  vocational  education  and  training  (VET)  made  advances  in  most  partner 
countries,  with  the  implementation  of  the  initial  phases  of  national  reform  strategies, 
including  adoption  of  changes  to  the  legal  framework  and  governance  structures.  The 
direction  of  reform  is  predicated  on  the  gradual  introduction  of  competence-based  training 
standards  in  a  lifelong  learning  perspective,  as  well  as  cumulative  investments  in 
infrastructure,  curricular  development  and  teacher  training.  Coordination  between  involved 
ministries,  state  agencies  and  donors  in  all  partner  countries  remains  a  critical  factor 
influencing  the  overall  dynamics  and  quality  of  agreed  reform  initiatives.  Partner  countries 
continue to face particular challenges in providing initial and continuing training adapted to 
labour market and future skill needs. Participative approaches and social dialogue on VET as 
well  as  vocational  training  quality  are  equally  important  items  on  the  reform  agenda.  The 
development of entrepreneurial training and apprenticeships with industry support is not yet 
fully  embedded  into  reform-thinking  in  partner  countries  and  requires  further  investment. 
Equity  and  access  to  vocational  education  and  training,  particularly  for  women  and  in  rural 
areas, are also pressing concerns.  

As in 2009, work continued apace on the design of agreed national qualification frameworks 
aligned or modelled on the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) with the support of the 
European Training Foundation (ETF). The latter began implementing a regional qualifications 
project  in  the  construction  and  tourism  sectors  involving  Egypt,  Jordan,  Morocco  and 
Tunisia, while continuing a cross-regional project on entrepreneurship as a key competence in 
professionally  oriented  higher  education,  in  line  with  the  Euro  Mediterranean  Enterprise 
Charter  involving  all  ENP  Mediterranean  partners  and  pre-accession  countries.  A  regional 
conference  on  social  partnership  took  place  in  this  context.  Support  was  provided  for  the 
skills  development  basket  of  the  Mobility  Partnerships  with  the  Republic  of  Moldova.  ETF 
completed  the  dissemination  of  the  MEDA  ETE  (Education  and  Training  for  Employment) 
project in December providing practical examples and results of measures to maximize youth 
employment in the areas of entrepreneurship and e-learning for the information of decision- 
makers in all ENP Mediterranean partners and Turkey.  

In the context of the work of the Eastern Partnership, the Black Sea Labour Market Reviews 
were  discussed  at  a  regional  conference  on  ‘Labour  Markets  and  Employability  of  Human 
Capital’ in Ukraine in October.  This regional report is based on country studies of which the 
reports on Azerbaijan and Belaruswere published in 2010. 

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The  Torino  Process  (a  participatory  review  of  progress in  vocational  education  and  training 
policy  in  ENP  partner  countries,  the  Russian  Federation,  Western  Balkans,  Turkey  and 
Central  Asia)  completed  its  first  year  of  evidence-based  policy  work  and  analysis  in 
cooperation with national Ministries and interested stakeholders in thirteen partner countries. 
The draft national reports and the parallel Business and Education Studies were discussed in 
national seminars with ENP partners to corroborate their findings and identify future medium-
term policy priorities and challenges. Algeria did not yet confirm interest in participating in 
the process. 

Youth  

All  partner  countries  continued  to  promote  youth  exchanges  and  informal  education  as  a 
means of enhancing understanding and intercultural dialogue, as well as ensuring better social 
integration  of  young  people.  Medium  term  national  youth  strategies  and  approaches  were 
adopted in Egypt, Morocco and the occupied Palestinian territory. As was the case in 2009, 
the  formulation  and  development  of  coherent  national  youth  policies  remained  weak  in  all 
ENP  partner  countries,  with  actions  between  concerned  state  agencies  often  being 
uncoordinated.  The  integration  of  youth  needs  into  wider  reform  plans  in  health,  social 
welfare,  justice  and  employment  remained  a  critical  issue.  The  full  relevance  and  cost-
effectiveness  of  investment  in  youth  work  in  terms  of  tackling  drug  addiction,  addressing 
social  exclusion  and  facilitating  young  peoples’  integration  into  working  life  needs  to  be 
underlined.  

Levels  of  participation  registered  for  actions  under  Youth  in  Action  increased  in  all  partner 
countries compared to 2009. The programme supports youth exchanges, voluntary service and 
youth cooperation activities in non-formal education. All ENP partners concerned confirmed 
their  participation  in  the  Euro  Mediterranean  Youth  IV  programme,  which  was  launched  in 
2010.  It  promotes 
intercultural  dialogue  by  stimulating  and  encouraging  mutual 
comprehension  between  young  people  in  the  Euro-Mediterranean  region,  combating 
stereotypes and prejudices, and enhancing the sense of youth solidarity through the promotion 
of active citizenship. 

Culture 

By the end of 2010, all partner countries except Israel, Lebanon and Morocco had ratified the 
2005  UNESCO  Convention  on  the  Protection  and  Promotion  of  the  Diversity  of  Cultural 
Expressions. Signature of the Convention is essential for the further development of cultural 
cooperation, as it is now part of the Union’s legal order. 

In  2010,  a  specific  programme  for  strengthening  regional  capacities  for  cooperation  in  the 
cultural  sector  was  launched  under  the  Eastern  Partnership.  The  aim  of  the  Eastern 
Partnership  Culture  Programme  is  to  support  the  role  of  culture  in  the  region's  sustainable 
development and to promote capacity building and regional cooperation between public and 
non-profit based civil society organisations in the region and with the EU. In addition, Eastern 
partners participated for the first time in an enlarged meeting of the National Cultural Contact 
Points in March under the Culture Programme.  

In order to complement the Kyiv Initiative and to further enhance policy dialogue on culture, 
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine should expedite, where 
applicable, the signature and ratification of the 2000 European Landscape Convention and the 

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2005  Council  of  Europe  Framework  Convention  on  the  Value  of  Cultural  Heritage  for 
Society.  

In  2010,  a  Special  Action  for  ENP  countries  which  have  ratified  the  2005  UNESCO 
Convention  -  Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Belarus,  Egypt,  Georgia,  Jordan,  the  Republic  of 
Moldova, occupied  Palestinian territory, Tunisia  and Ukraine – was launched under Strand 
1.3  (Cooperation  Projects  with  Third  Countries)  of  the  Culture  Programme.  A  total  of  170 
applications  were  submitted  by  cultural  organisations  from  the  eligible  ENP  countries. 
Sixteen projects were selected involving 24 ENP partner organisations. The themes covered 
cultural  heritage;  visual  arts;  performing  arts;  literature,  books  and  reading;  architecture, 
design and the applied arts, multi-media and new technologies and interdisciplinary activities.  

In October 2010, the Commission published a report ‘Towards a Strategy for Culture in the 
Mediterranean  Region’.  This  serves  as  a  basis  for  the  elaboration  of  a  Euro  Mediterranean 
Strategy  for  Culture,  a  process  which  was  launched  at  the  2008  culture  ministerial.  In  the 
report,  external  experts  made  proposals  on  how  to  design  a  future  strategy  sensitively  and 
efficiently  in  areas  such  as  cultural  policy,  access  to  culture,  regional  collaboration  and 
intercultural dialogue. 

Implementation  of  the  twelve  2009  projects  under  the  Euro-Med  Heritage  IV  programme 
began during the reporting period. The projects include the preservation of written heritage, 
the promotion of intangible cultural heritage, youth outreach and engagement in culture, and 
the  management  of  water  heritage.  The  first  Conference  on  Cultural  Policies  in  the  Arab 
region  took  place  in  Lebanon  in  June  2010,  providing  an  opportunity  for  dialogue  between 
ministries  and  cultural  operators  on  how  best  to  advance  cultural  cooperation  within  wider 
socio-economic development.  

The Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation continued to implement the ‘Restore Trust, 
Rebuild  Bridges’  Initiative  in  cooperation  with  the  Alliance  of  Civilizations,  as  a  means  to 
promote conciliation, dialogue and confidence-building between peoples in the Middle East. 
The  Foundation  also  continued  implementing  a  special  programme  on  Arab  Children’s 
Literature2  as  part  of  its  triennial  Action  Plan.  The  first  Anna  Lindh  Report  on  Euro-
Mediterranean  Intercultural  Trends  and  Mutual  Perception  was  published  in  April  2010, 
providing  a  scientific  analysis  of  the  status  of  intercultural  trends  among  the  peoples  of  the 
region,  with  recommendations  for  policy  makers,  civil  society  organisations  and  opinion 
leaders for the positive advancement of exchanges in the region.  

Public health 

ENP partners sustained health sector reform, generally on the basis of existing strategies. In 
2010  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  adopted  a  new  health  strategy  covering  2011-2013. 
The Republic of Moldova adopted a primary health care strategy for 2010-2013. The ongoing 
health  sector  challenges  of  ENP  partners  are  still  communicable  and  non-communicable 
diseases,  the  improvement  of  primary  health  care,  greater  efficiency  in  the  sector,  financial 
sustainability  and  better  access  to  health  services,  in  particular  for  the  most  vulnerable.  In 
2010 the European Commission, with reference to last year’s Influenza A (H1N1) epidemic, 

2 

The “Arab Children Literature Programme” is a regional programme launched in 2006 with the support of Swedish 
Aid (SIDA) which seeks to strengthen the intellectual, social and emotional development of children in the Arab 
region through developing childrens’ literature and promoting reading for pleasure. It is implemented in five focus 
countries Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, the occupied Palestinian territory and Syria. 

EN 

23 

   EN 

 
                                                 
proposed to additional ENP partners to establish communication channels for the exchange of 
epidemiological  information  in  the  event  of  public  health  emergencies  of  international 
concern.  In  2010,  such  channels  were  established  with  Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Belarus, 
Georgia, the occupied Palestinian territory and Ukraine. The European Commission invited 
ENP countries to the high level EU global health conference, which was held in June 2010 in 
Brussels.  
The EU continued, in its health dialogue with partners, to promote the implementation of key 
international  health  agreements,  namely  the  International  Health  Regulations  and  the 
Framework  Convention  on  Tobacco  Control  (FCTC).  In  June  2010,  Tunisia  ratified  the 
FCTC.  The  fight  against  HIV/AIDS  and  tuberculosis  remained  a  challenge  in  the  Eastern 
neighbourhood.  Also  in  2010,  the  European  Commission  invited  Belarus,  the  Republic  of 
Moldova and Ukraine to its HIV/AIDS Think Tank. In 2010, Georgia adopted a strategic plan 
on combating HIV/AIDS covering the period 2011-2016.  
The  EU  and  the  Mediterranean  ENP  partners  maintained  cooperation  in  the  EpiSouth 
Network for Communicable Diseases Control in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. In 
2010, the launch of the second phase of the EpiSouth project was prepared. The EU, the ENP 
partners,  the  European  Centre  for  Disease  Prevention  and  Control  (ECDC)  and  the  World 
Health  Organisation  (WHO)  maintained  their  contacts  on  health  policy  issues,  in  particular 
through  the  HIV/AIDS  Think  Tank  and  the  EpiSouth  project.  In  2010,  Israel  started  to 
explore possibilities for enhanced interaction with ECDC. The ECDC provided assistance to 
Syria in the context of an ongoing EU supported health project.  

7.  CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION 

In the area of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC), thirteen of the planned fifteen programmes 
under  the  ENPI  are  being  implemented.  After  a  slow  start  the  programmes  are  gaining 
momentum. They have launched their first (and in some cases their second) call for proposals 
and finalised the selection of the projects. In addition to nearly EUR 1 billion of Community 
funding (from both Heading 4 and the European Regional Development Fund), a number of 
Member States (Estonia, Finland and Sweden) and the Russian Federation decided to co-fund 
the programmes with an additional EUR 150 million. For the Russian Federation, the CBC is 
the main financial instrument for cooperation with the EU.  

Two  CBC  programmes  (Spain-Morocco  and  the  CBC  Atlantic  Programme)  were  not 
submitted  by  the  deadline  of  30  June  2010.  They  were  therefore  cancelled  and  their  funds 
have been re-allocated. The contribution from the European Regional Development Fund has 
to  those  programmes  been  returned  to  Spain  to  support  external  cross  border  co-operation 
within  the  framework  of  the  cohesion  policy.  The  Mid-Term  Review  of  the  ENPI  CBC 
Strategy Paper  was  conducted in  2010 and  the  new  Indicative  Programme  2011-13 is  being 
finalised with a view to its adoption by the European Commission in 2011.  

8.  OPERATIONAL ASPECTS 
During  2010,  TAIEX3  continued  to  provide  valuable  support  in  assisting  the  transition  and 
reform  processes.  ENP  partners  availed  of  its  advice  and  technical  assistance  to  support 
convergence  with  European  practices  and  standards  across  a  wide  range  of  policies.  The 

3 

TAIEX provides short-term technical assistance and advice on convergence with EU legislation, best practices and standards and 
on related administrative capacity needs, technical training and peer assistance, as well as a data base and information network 
that facilitates the monitoring of approximation measures, see also : http://taiex.ec.europa.eu 

EN 

24 

   EN 

 
                                                 
European Commission ensured that TAIEX events were consistent with the country-specific 
sector  policy  dialogue.  The  table  and  charts  in  the  annex  reflect  the  extent  to  which  ENP 
partner countries used this instrument in the period up to 31 December 2010. The European 
Commission  also  included  them  in  multi-country  TAIEX  events  on  topics  of  common 
interest.  
ENP  partners  continued  to  benefit  from  the  twinning4  instrument  under  the  European 
Neighbourhood  and  Partnership  Instrument.  In  2010  the  long-term  twinning  of  experienced 
EU Member State officials with their peers in an ENP partner country continued to contribute 
to reforms and to the transfer of EU regulatory and institutional experience.  

By the end of 2010, 151 twinning covenants had been established or are being implemented, 
whilst 128 covenants were still being prepared or were under negotiation with 12 ENP partner 
countries. These 279 twinning projects are broadly spread among ENP partner countries and 
across a wide range of sector policies (see annex). 

In 2010, SIGMA continued to work with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Egypt, Jordan, the 
Republic of Moldova, Morocco, Tunisia and Ukraine, while extending its reach to Lebanon. It 
supports  governance  and  public  administration  reforms  in  areas  such  as  administrative  law 
and administrative justice, public expenditure management, internal and external audit, public 
procurement,  civil  service  reform  and  regulatory  management.  As  a  joint  initiative  of  the 
OECD and the European Union, SIGMA assisted the national reform teams of ENP partners 
by providing ‘peer practitioner’ expertise, consisting of either OECD staff or public servants 
from within Member State administrations. A total of 54 reform-support activities took place 
in 10 ENP countries up to the end of 2010, principally in the areas of policy-making, public 
procurement, financial control and public administration reform (see annex). 

In  June  2010,  the  CIUDAD  programme5  (Cooperation  in  Inter  Urban  Development  and 
Dialogue)  commenced  implementation  of  21  intra-  and  inter-regional  (East-South)  projects 
promoting  cooperation  between  local  and  regional  authorities  in  capacity  building  for 
improved  governance  in  sustainable  urban  development  and  planning.  The  programme  also 
sustains  an  extensive  network  of  over  170  partners  and  associates  from  27  EU  and  ENPI 
countries,  as  well  as  thematic  groups  on  energy  efficiency,  solid  waste  management  and 
cultural heritage and sustainable tourism. 

9.  NEIGHBOURHOOD INVESTMENT FACILITY  

In 2010 the Neighbourhood Investment Facility (NIF) completed its third year of operation. 
This  is  a  financial  instrument  providing  grant  support  to  lending  operations  by  the  EIB,  the 
EBRD,  and  other  European  finance  institutions  in  support  of  projects  in  the  European 
Neighbourhood region.  

The NIF was created to pursue three objectives:  

(1) 

Establishing  better  energy  and  transport  infrastructure  interconnections  between  the 
EU and neighbouring countries and among neighbouring countries themselves; 

4
5 

http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/index_en.htm 
http://www.ciudad-programme.eu  

EN 

25 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
(2) 

(3) 

Addressing threats to our common environment, including climate change; 

Promoting  equitable  socio-economic  development  and  job  creation  through  support 
for small and medium-sized enterprises and the social sector. 

In  order  to  accomplish  these  objectives  the  NIF  makes  use  of  a  broad  range  of  measures, 
embracing  co-financing  through  direct  grants,  loan  guarantees,  interest  rate  subsidies,  and 
technical assistance for project preparation and supervision. In order to maintain consistency 
with  policy  objectives,  operations  are  evaluated  according  to  a  set  of  Strategic  Orientations 
and priority criteria. A revised set of Strategic Orientations has been adopted for 2011-2013.  

In 2010, € 110 million from the EU budget were allo cated as a grant contribution to the NIF, 
bringing  the  total  EU  budget  contribution  to  €  295  million  in  2007-10 6.  This  was 
supplemented  by  a  Member  State  grant  funding  contribution  to  the  ‘NIF  Trust  Fund’,  of 
approximately € 78 million (see Annex for an overview of the Member State pledges). 

In  its  third  year  of  operations,  15  projects  were  approved  (13  projects  in  2009  and  15  in 
2008). These projects received a total financing of € 121,5 million from the NIF (an increase 
of 9,8% when compared to € 110,7 million in 2009) , and contributed to leverage loans from 
European Finance Institutions amounting to € 2,54 billion. 

By  financing  these  large  projects,  the  NIF  supports  the  reform  priorities  agreed  with  ENP 
partner countries and contributes to the investment necessary to further integrate the EU and 
its neighbours. The full list of projects approved in 2010 and an overview of the distribution 
of NIF contributions per country, sector and objective are presented in the Annex.  

10. EU PROGRAMMES AND AGENCIES  

During 2010, the European Commission made progress with the participation, under certain 
conditions,  of  ENP  partners  in  European  Union  programmes  and  agencies.  Participation 
serves  to  support  the  ENP  partner  countries’  efforts  to  strengthen  administrative  and 
regulatory  capacities  in  various  policy  fields.  ENP  partners  are  eligible  to  participate  or  to 
cooperate  in  a  wide  range  of  Union  programmes7.  In  terms  of  participation  in  Union 
Programmes,  negotiations  to  enable  participation  were  successfully  concluded  with  the 
Republic  of  Moldova,  Morocco  and  Ukraine,  leading  to  the  signature  of  the  Protocols  in 
September, October and November 2010 respectively. The Protocol that was concluded with 
Israel in 20088 to enable it to participate in Union programmes is still awaiting the consent of 
the  European  Parliament  before  it  can  be  formally  concluded.  To  date,  it  remains 
provisionally applicable.  

With regard to participation in the work of EU agencies, preliminary technical cooperation on 
drug  monitoring  between  EMCDDA  (European  Monitoring  Centre  on  Drugs  and  Drug 
Addiction) and ENP partners took place in October. Technical cooperation arrangements on 
aviation safety continued between EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) and Armenia, 
Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Israel,  the  Republic  of  Moldova,  Morocco  and  Ukraine.  Technical 

6 

7

8 

EN 

For the 2007-2013 period, the European Commission has earmarked a total amount of € 700 million for 
the NIF 
a 
For 
list 
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/documents_en.htm 
Official Journal L129 of 17/05/2008, pp 39-43 

programmes, 

Commission 

Documents” 

relevant 

“Other 

these 

full 

see 

of 

at 

26 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
contacts  also  continued  between  ENP  partners  and  EFSA  (European  Food  Safety  Agency) 
and  between  some  partners  and  ECDC  (European  Centre  for  Disease  Prevention  and 
Control).Technical cooperation arrangements with FRONTEX are in force with Georgia, the 
Republic  of  Moldova  and  Ukraine,  while  they  remain  under  discussion  with  Egypt  and 
Morocco. Formal contacts also exist between EUROJUST and Egypt, Israel, the Republic of 
Moldova, Morocco and Ukraine, while EUROPOL approved the start of negotiations on an 
operational agreement with Israel in October. 

EN 

27 

   EN 

 
Overview of Annexes 

(1) 

(2) 

Governance related indicators for ENP partner countries 

Tables of international human rights’ conventions binding ENP partner countries 

(3)  Main macroeconomic indicators of ENP partner countries 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

Tables on trade between the EU and the ENP partner countries  

Tables on committee and programmed amounts under ENPI 

Tables  on  mobility  under  Youth  I  n  Action,  Erasmus  Mundus,  TEMPUS  IV, 
scholarships in European Integration Studies, scholarships College of Europe 

(7) 

Tables of TAIEX events with ENP partner countries 

(8) 

Tables on SIGMA 

(9) 

Tables on twinning projects with ENP partner countries 

(10)  Neighbourhood Investment Facility projects  

EN 

28 

   EN 

 
Governance / Freedom of the Press / Human Rights & Fundamental Freedoms 

GOVERNANCE 

FREEDOM OF PRESS 

HUMAN RIGHTS & FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOM 

Transparency 
International 
CORRUPTION 
PERCEPTION INDEX 

World Bank 
REGULATORY 
QUALITY 

Reporters Without 
Borders WORLWIDE 
PRESS FREEDOM 
INDEX 

World Bank 
VOICE AND 
ACCOUNTABI
LITY 

Freedom House 
POLITICAL RIGHTS 

Freedom House 
CIVIL LIBERTIES 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2006 

2007  2008 

2009 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

Algeria  
rmenia 
zerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

srael 

ordan 
ibya 
ebanon 

The 
Republic 

f Moldova 

Morocco 

ccupied 
Palestinian 
erritory 

Syria 
Tunisia  
Ukraine 

2,9 

2,4 

3 

2,1 

2,9 

1,9 

2,7 

2,3 

2,6 

59 

60,2 

61,8 

60,5 

25,50 

23,63 

22,75 

31,13 

27,50 

26,9 

30,3 

28,8 

25,6 

2,4 

34,1 

2,1 

42,5 

43,8 

47,00 

55,40 

53,63 

53,50 

56,38 

14,9 

14,9 

13,5 

13,3 

26,3 

28,6 

22,2 

20,5 

40,00 

40,50 

31,33 

49,56 

47,33 

21,6 

20,2 

19,7 

17,5 

2,1 

2,1 

2,0 

2,4 

2,5 

4,3 

5,3 

6,7 

7,1 

57,00 

63,63 

58,33 

59,50 

57,00 

4,3 

5,3 

2,8 

3,4 

2,8 

2,8 

3,1 

35,1 

3,4 

49,03 

48,6 

46,25 

58,00 

50,25 

51,38 

43,33 

17,8 

11,5 

6,7 
14,4
0  
40,4

7,1 

15,2 

2,8 

3,4 

3,9 

4,1 

3,8 

44,4 

58,7 

68,80 

70 

21,00 

20,83 

31,25 

18,83 

23,25 

44,7 

42,3 

0  

43,1 

5,9 

5,3 

2,7 

3,6 

6,1 

4,7 

2,5 

3 

6 

6,1 

6,1 

78 

82,5 

86 

81,4 

12,00 

13,25 

8,83 

23,75 

23,25 

70,2 

69,7 

68,3 

67,3 

5,1 

2,6 

3 

5 

4,7 

62,9 

62,1 

62,8 

61,4 

27,50 

40,21 

36,00 

31,88 

37,00 

28,8 

27,4 

26,9 

24,6 

2,5 

2,5 

2,2 

8,8 

15,5 

20,8 

17,1 

62,50 

66,50 

61,50 

64,50 

63,50 

1,9 

1,9 

1,9 

2,8 

2,5 

51,7 

47,6 

48,3 

50,5 

27,00 

28,75 

14,00 

15,42 

20,50 

31,3 

34,1 

35,6 

35,5 

3,2 

3,2 

2,8 

3,5 

2,9 

3,5 

3,3 

3,3 

2,9 

41,5 

42,7 

47,8 

48,1 

19,17 

24,75 

21,38 

33,75 

19,13 

32,7 

36,5 

38,9 

38,9 

3,4 

47,9 

51 

52,7 

51,9 

24,83 

33,25 

32,25 

41,00 

47,40 

28,4 

29,3 

27,9 

26,5 

2,9 

4,6 

2,8 

2,4 

4,2 

2,7 

2,1 

4,4 

2,5 

2,6 

4,2 

2,2 

11,7 

7,8 

6,8 

9,2 

14 

15 

49,5 

47,00 

32,00 

51,25 

69,83 

56,13 

29,3 

24 

22,6 

20,4 

13,3 

63,00 

66,00 

59,63 

78,00 

91,50 

4,8 

4,3 

4,3 

5,7 

58 

56,8 

55,6 

54,3 

53,75 

57,00 

48,10 

61,50 

72,50 

19,9 

13 

11,5 

11,4 

2,5 

4,3 

2,4 

32,7 

36,4 

39,1 

31,4 

26,50 

26,75 

19,25 

22,00 

46,83 

45,7 

45,2 

47,1 

47,4 

6 

5 

6 

7 

6 

3 

1 

5 

7 

5 

3 

5 

5 

7 

6 

3 

6 

5 

6 

7 

7 

3 

1 

5 

7 

4 

3 

5 

4 

7 

6 

3 

6 

5 

6 

7 

6 

4 

1 

5 

7 

5 

3 

5 

5 

7 

7 

3 

6 

6 

6 

7 

6 

4 

1 

5 

7 

5 

4 

5 

5 

7 

7 

3 

6 

6 

6 

7 

6 

4 

1 

6 

7 

5 

3 

5 

6 

7 

7 

3 

5 

4 

5 

6 

5 

3 

2 

4 

7 

4 

4 

4 

5 

7 

5 

2 

5 

4 

5 

6 

6 

3 

2 

4 

7 

4 

4 

4 

6 

6 

5 

2 

5 

4 

5 

6 

5 

4 

2 

4 

7 

4 

4 

4 

6 

6 

5 

2 

5 

4 

5 

6 

5 

4 

2 

5 

7 

4 

4 

4 

6 

6 

5 

2 

5 

4 

5 

6 

5 

4 

2 

5 

7 

3 

4 

4 

6 

6 

5 

2 

EN 

29 

EN 

 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
23/06/1993 

State of Ratification / Signature of selected Human Rights Conventions 

Source: http://treaties.un.org/  

State of 
ratification/ 
signature of 
major HR 
conventions 
* 

ICCPR 
International 
Covenant on 
Civil and 
Political Rights 
OP1 

ICESCR 
International 
Covenant on 
Economic, 
Social and 
Cultural Rights 

CEDAW 
Convention on 
the Elimination 
of All Forms of 
Discrimination 
against Women  

OP2 

OP 

OP 

ICCPR 
12/09/1989 

12/09/1989 

CEDAW 
22/05/1996 -R 

ALGERIA 

OP1 - 12/09/1989 

OP - NO 

OP - NO 

CAT 
Convention 
against Torture 

OP  

Right to 
Individual 
Complaint 
(Art.22) 

CRC 
Convention on 
the Rights of the 
Child  

OP AC  

OP SC 

CAT 12/09/1989 

CRC 16/04/1993 

OP - NO 

Art. 22 
11/05/1994 

OP-AC – 
06/05/2009 

OP-SC - 
27/12/2006 

ARMENIA 

AZERBAIJAN 

13/09/1993 

OP1 - 23/06/1993 

OP – 29/09/2009 

OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
13/08/1992 

13/08/1992 

OP1 - 27/11/2001 

OP-25/09/2009 

OP2 - 22/01/1999 

CEDAW 
13/09/1993  

OP - 16/09/2006 

CAT 13/09/1993 

OP 14/09/2006 
Art. 22 - NO 

CEDAW 
10/07/1995 

OP - 1/06/2001 

CAT 16/08/1996 

OP 28/01/2009 

Art. 22  
4/02/2002 

ICCPR 
12/11/1973 

12/11/1973 

BELARUS 

OP1 - 30/09/1992 

CEDAW 
04/02/1981 

CAT 13/03/1987 

OP – NO 

OP - NO 

OP - 3/02/2004 

Art. 22 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
14/01/1982 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

EGYPT 

14/01/1982 

CEDAW 
18/09/1981 R 

OP - NO 

OP - NO 

CAT 25/06/1986 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

ICCPR 3/05/1994 

GEORGIA 

OP1 - 3/05/1994 

OP2 - 22/03/1999 

3/05/1994 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
26/10/1994  

OP - 30/07/2002 

CAT 26/10/1994 

OP - 9/08/2005  

Art. 22 
30/06/2005 

CRC 23/06/1993

OP-AC - 
30/09/2005 

OP-SC - 
30/06/2005 

CRC 13/08/1992

OP-AC - 
3/07/2002 

OP-SC - 
3/07/2002 

CRC 1/10/1990 

 OP-AC - 
25/01/2006 

OP-SC - 
23/01/2002 

CRC 6/07/1990 R

OP-AC - 
6/02/2007 

OP-SC - 
12/07/2002 

CRC 2/06/1994 

OP-AC – 
03/08/2010 

OP-SC - 
28/06/2005 

EN 

30 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISRAEL 

JORDAN 

LEBANON 

ICCPR 
3/10/1991  

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
28/05/1975 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
3/11/1972  

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

3/10/1991  

CEDAW 
3/10/1991 R 

OP - NO 

OP - NO 

CAT 3/10/1991 R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

28/05/1975 

CEDAW 
1/07/1992 R 

OP - NO 

OP - NO 

CAT 13/11/1991 

OP – NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

3/11/1972 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
16/04/1997 R 

CAT 5/10/2000 

OP – 22/12//2008 

OP - NO 

Art. 22 - NO 

LIBYAN 
ARAB 
JAMAHIRIYA 

ICCPR 
15/05/1970 

OP1 - 16/05/1989 

OP2 - NO 

15/05/1970 

CEDAW 
4/02/1981 – R 

OP - NO 

OP - 18/06/2004 

CAT 16/05/1989 

OP – NO 

Art. 22 - NO 

CRC 3/10/1991 

OP-AC - 
18/07/2005 

OP-SC - 
23/07/2008 

CRC 24/05/1991 
R 

OP-AC - 
23/05/2007 

OP-SC - 
4/12/2006 

CRC 14/05/1991

OP-AC - 
11/02/2002 

OP-SC - 
8/11/2004 

CRC 15/04/1993 

OP-AC - 
29/10/2004 

OP-SC - 
18/06/2004 

3/05/1979 

MOROCCO 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

3/05/1979 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
21/06/1993 R 

OP - NO 

ICCPR 
26/01/1993 

26/01/1993 

CEDAW 
1/07/1994  

OP1 - 23/01/2008 

OP2 - 20/09/2006 

OP - NO 

OP - 28/02/2006 

CAT 21/06/1993 
R 

CRC 21/06/1993 
R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 
19/10/2006 

CAT 28/11/1995 

OP 24/07/2006  

Art. 22 - NO 

OP-AC - 
22/05/2002 

OP-SC - 
2/10/2001 

CRC 26/01/1993

OP-AC - 
7/04/2004 

OP-SC - 
12/04/2007 

CRC 15/07/1993

OP-AC - 
17/10/2003 

OP-SC - 
15/05/2003 

21/04/1969 

CEDAW 
28/03/2003  

OP - NO 

OP - NO 

CAT 19/08/2004 

OP - NO 

Art. 22 - NO 

18/03/1969 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
20/09/1985 R 

OP - 23/09/2008 

CAT 23/09/1988 
R 

CRC 30/01/1992 
R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 
22/09/1988 

OP-AC - 
2/01/2003 

OP-SC - 
13/09/2002 

REPUBLIC 
OF 
MOLDOVA 

SYRIAN 
ARAB 
REPUBLIC 

ICCPR 
21/04/1969 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

18/03/1969 

TUNISIA 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

EN 

31 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State of 
ratification/ 
signature of 
major HR 
conventions * 

CERD 
Convention on the 
Elimination of all 
Forms of Racial 
Discrimination  

Right to Individual 
Complaint (Art.14) 

CMW 

Rome Statute 

Convention on 
Migrant Workers 

International 
Criminal Court 

CED 

International 
Convention for the 
Protection of All 
Persons from 
Enforced 
Disappearance 

 CRPD 
Convention on 
the Rights of 
Persons with 
Disabilities 

OP 

ALGERIA 

CERD 14/02/1972 

Art. 14 
12/09/1989 

21/04/2005 

28/12/2000 

6/02/2007 

04/12/2009 

OP – 30/03/2007 

ARMENIA 

CERD 23/06/1993 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

1/10/1999 

10/04/2007 

30/03/2007 

OP – 22/09/2010 

AZERBAIJAN 

CERD 16/08/1996 

Art. 14 27/09/2001 

11/01/1999 

NO 

06/02/2007 

28/01/2009  

OP- 28/01/2009  

BELARUS 

CERD 08/04/1969 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

NO 

NO 

NO  

OP - NO 

EGYPT 

CERD 1/05/1967  

Art. 14 - NO 

19/02/1993 - R 

26/12/2000 

NO 

14/04/2008 

OP - NO 

GEORGIA 

CERD 2/06/1999 

Art. 14 30/06/2005 

NO 

5/09/2003 

NO 

10/07/2009 

OP – 10/07/2009 

ISRAEL 

CERD 3/01/1979 R  

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

31/12/2000 

NO 

30/03/2007 

OP - NO 

EN 

32 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JORDAN 

CERD 30/05/1974 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

11/04/2002 

NO 

31/03/2008 

OP-30/03/2007 

LEBANON 

CERD 12/11/1971 
R 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

NO 

06/02/2007 

14/01/2007  

OP-14/01/2007 

IBYAN ARAB 
JAMAHIRIYA 

CERD 03/06/1968 

NO 

Art. 14 - NO 

18/06/2004 

NO 

01/05/2008 

REPUBLIC OF 
MOLDOVA 

CERD 26/01/1993  

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

12/10/2000 

06/02/07 

MOROCCO 

CERD 18/12/1970 
R  

Art. 14 19/10/2006 

21/06/1993  

8/09/2000 

06/02/2007 

YRIAN ARAB 
REPUBLIC 

CERD 21/04/1969  

Art. 14 - NO 

02/06/2005  

29/12/2000 

NO 

TUNISIA 

CERD 13/01/1967 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

NO 

06/02/2007 

21/09/2010 

OP - NO 

08/04/2009 

OP - 08/04/2009  

10/06/2009 

OP - 10/06/2009  

02/04/2008 

OP – 02/04/2008  

UKRAINE 

CERD 20/06/1974 
R  

Art. 14 28/07/1992 

NO 

20/01/2000 

NO 

04/02/10 

OP – 04/02/10 

last update 1 December 2010 

* date of signature in bold; date of ratification in standard. Also in bold where an instrument 
has been neither signed nor ratified (“NO”). 

EN 

33 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 

Real GDP growth 
(% change )

Inflation
(period average)

GDP per capita
(in EUR)

Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Morocco
Occupied 
Palestinian 
Territory
Syria 
Tunisia
Ukraine

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

5,3
14,0
26,4
9,4
9,4
9,6
5,3
7,2
2,6
9,9
6,6
3,0

6,0
6,0
4,2
2,7

1,8
13,3
34,5
9,9
6,8
9,4
5,2
8,2
0,6
5,9
4,8
7,8

-4,8
5,2
5,3
7,3

3,1
13,7
25,0
8,6
7,1
12,3
5,3
8,9
7,5
6,0
3,0
2,7

-1,2
6,3
6,3
7,9

3,6
6,8
10,8
10,0
7,2
2,3
4,1
7,2
8,5
2,8
7,8
5,6

7,1
5,2
4,5
2,3

2,2
-14,2
9,3
-0,2
4,7
-3,8
0,7
2,3
9,0
-1,6
-6,0
4,9

7,4
5,0
3,1
-14,8

3,9
2,6
5,0
7,6
5,1
6,3
4,5
3,4
8,0
10,3
6,9
4,2

9,3
4,0
1,0
4,2

1,6
0,6
5,3
10,3
11,4
8,3
1,3
3,5
-0,7
2,9
11,0
1,0

3,5
7,2
2,0
13,6

2,5
2,9
11,4
7,0
7,6
9,2
2,1
7,5
5,6
1,4
12.8
3,3

3,8
10,0
4,5
9,1

3,5
4,4
19,7
12,1
9,5
9,2
0,5
5,4
4,1
6,2
12.4
2,0

2,7
3,9
3,1
12,8

4,4
9,0
15,4
13,3
18,3
10,0
4,6
14,9
10,8
10,4
12.7
3,7

9,9
15,7
4,9
25,2

5,7
3,5
0,6
10,1
11,8
1,7
3,3
-0,7
1,2
2,4
0,0
1,0

2,8
2,6
3,8
15,9

2010

2005
2.580
1.223
2.086
2.476
1.004
1.196

2006
5.461
1.584
6.022
1.959
1.373
1.406

2007
5.677
2.081
7.866
2.647
1.650
1.690

2008
5.921
2.524
8.746
3.778
2.022
1.981

2009
5.987
1.885
9.777
3.457
2.257
1.754

2010
6.168
4,4
2.075
8,1
9.852
7,4
4.344
7,7
2.570
11,1
1.981
7,1
2,8 16.232 16.858 17.337 19.379 19.713 21.980
3.932
5,7
7.008
5,0
9.379
4,5
1.234
7.4
2.839
2,2

3.813
3.644
4.450
4.859
8.023 10.567
1.160
2.813

1.601
4.403
6.294
668
1.368

3.421
4.350
7.208
757
2.124

3.861
6.489
6.973
1.097
2.855

902
2.411

3,7
3,4
4,8
9,4

1.287
1.039
2.302
1.465

1.248
1.171
2.448
1.830

1.229
1.399
2.550
2.235

1.566
1.700
2.707
2.650

1.529
2.018
2.735
1.829

1.625
2.187
2.880
2.266

EN 

34 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
Unemployment
(% officially registered)

Central Government Balance
(% of GDP)

Gross Public Debt
(% of GDP)

Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Morocco
Occupied Palestinian 
Territory
Syria 
Tunisia
Ukraine

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

15,4
8,2
1,1
1,5
10,5
13,8
9,0
9,0
na
na
7,3
10,8

23,8
8,0
14,2
4,4

12,3
7,2
1,0
1,2
10,6
13,6
7,7
13,2
na
na
1,5
9,7

23,6
8,3
14,3
3,8

13,8
6,7
0,9
1,0
8,9
13,3
7,3
13,1
na
17,0
1,4
9,8

21,5
8,4
14,1
3,3

11,3
6,3
0,9
0,8
8,7
16,5
6,1
12,7
na
20,7
1,4
9,6

26,0
8,6
12,6
2,9

10,2
7,0
0,9
0,9
9,4
16,9
7,5
12,9
na
na
3,1
9,1

25,0
8,5
13,3
3,4

9,9
6,7
1,0
1,0
9,7
15,0
6,6
13,4
na

3,4
9,8

24,0
8,3
14,0
2,2

11,9
-2,0
-2,3
-0,6
-8,4
-2,4
-1,9
-10,0
-8,5
29,4
1,6
-5,5

-17,7
-5,0
-3,0
-2,3

13,9
-2,1
-2,7
1,4
-8,1
-3,0
-1,0
-6,7
-11,2
31,1
-0,3
-2,1

-30,2
-3,5
-3,0
-1,4

6,2
-2,2
-2,3
-0,2
-7,3
-4,7
0,0
-8,6
-10,8
28,6
-0,2
0,2

-26,0
-3,4
-2,9
-2,0

9,0
-1,2
-9,5
0,0
-6,8
-6,3
-2,2
-9,8
-10,0
30,3
-1,0
0,4

-21,6
-2,2
-1,0
-3,2

-5,4
-7,9
-14,9
-1,8
-6,6
-9,2
-5,1
-10,3
-8,6
7,0
-6,3
-2,1

-25,9
-2,8
-3,0
-8,7

-1,9
-4,9
-16,6
-2,6
-8,0
-6,6
-3,7
-7,8
-7,4
12,9
-2,5
-4,3

-16,0
-3,7
-3,0
-6,5

27,3
24,3
11,1
9,6
104,4
36,6
95,9
84,2
178,0
7,0
32,0
62,1

-29,4
32,7
52,5
18,4

21,7
18,7
9,5
11,0
98,8
28,9
84,4
69,6
180,0
5,4
29,8
66,1

7,3
34,0
48,8
13,9

11,8
17,4
7,4
11,6
87,1
22,9
78,1
67,5
168,0
4,9
26,8
62,6

10,3
28,8
45,9
12,3

6,6
16,1
5,9
10,7
76,6
25,0
76,8
58,3
160,0
6,3
21,3
56,8

7,3
25,7
43,3
20,5

8,1
40,6
6,7
20,0
76,2
37,3
77,7
64,7
148,0
9,7
24,4
56,9

6,1
23,8
42,8
35,3

7,3
44,0
4,6
22,4
74,1
39,5
76,2
62,4
139,0
8,1
26,3
59,8

3,2
25,5
43,1
41,3

EN 

35 

EN 

 
  
Current Account Balance
(% of GDP)

Trade Balance
(% of GDP)

Foreign Direct Investment
(net, % of GDP)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Morocco
Occupied Palestinian 
Territory
Syria 
Tunisia
Ukraine

20,6
-3,9
1,3
1,6
3,2
-10,9
3,4
-17,9
-13,4
38,9
-7,6
1,8

-7,5
1,0
-1,1
2,9

24,7
-1,4
17,7
-1,8
1,6
-15,1
5,3
-11,6
-5,6
44,6
-11,4
2,0

-8,0
2,7
-2,0
-1,5

22,6
-6,4
27,3
-6,7
1,7
-19,7
2,5
-17,6
-7,1
41,7
-15,3
-0,3

-0,8
1,1
-2,6
-3,7

20,1
-11,8
33,7
-8,6
0,5
-22,7
1,2
-9,6
-11,3
40,7
-16,3
-6,4

8,7
-1,5
-3,8
-7,1

0,3
-16,0
23,7
-13,0
-1,6
-11,2
3,9
-5,0
-9,7
15,6
-8,5
-5,8

1,9
-4,9
-2,9
-1,5

4,4
-14,6
26,1
-16,0
-1,4
-9,9
3,1
-7,0
-11,3
19,9
-8,3
-7,1

-8,9
-3,9
-4,5
-2,1

25,7
-13,2
25,0
1,0
-11,6
-18,9
-0,2
-42,0
-28,4
41,2
-40,6
-13,8

-67,2
-0,5
-6,8
-1,3

29,1
-14,0
36,9
-4,5
-11,2
-23,9
0,6
-34,4
-13,5
42,9
-46,4
-14,9

-63,7
2,7
-8,1
-4,8

25,3
-17,3
46,1
-8,9
-15,5
-26,8
-1,7
-37,9
-18,2
38,5
-51,9
-18,8

-57,7
-1,3
-11,0
-7,4

23,7
-22,8
47,1
-10,3
-16,2
-29,8
-1,3
-34,4
-18,7
42,0
-52,9
-21,9

52,8
3,9
-8,9
-8,9

5,6
-24,4
33,9
-14,1
-11,7
-22,3
0,0
-29,2
-16,2
21,8
-35,7
-17,9

55,0
3,9
-8,5
-3,7

12,8
-24,6
38,2
-16,9
-10,5
-22,2
-1,5
-24,6
-15,9
27,8
-37,4
-19,5

-52,3
-1,8
-10,9
-6,3

1,1
5,1
3,5
1,0
4,3
7,1
1,0
12,0
8,0
2,4
6,4
2,7

na
2,7
2,6
8,7

1,8
7,0
-6,1
0,4
5,6
13,7
-0,1
22,1
11,9
2,6
7,4
3,1

na
2,6
3,2
5,3

1,4
8,8
-16,4
3,0
8,1
15,5
1,2
11,5
7,5
1,1
12,1
3,1

na
2,8
6,0
6,5

2,3
7,8
-1,1
3,5
7,5
12,2
0,9
11,8
8,9
-2,0
11,7
2,3

na
4,2
5,7
5,5

2,0
8,4
0,3
3,6
3,6
6,1
1,4
5,1
10,7
2,1
2,3
0,8

na
2,6
3,3
4,0

2,2
7,0
1,0
2,4
3,7
5,0
-1,2
6,2
10,0
2,0
3,4
1,0

1,3
3,3
4,2

EN 

36 

EN 

 
  
 
The EU's Trade Balance with Partner Countries

Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Morocco
occupied Palestinian territory
Syria
Tunisia
Ukraine
Total
Source: EUROSTAT (Comext, Statistical regime 4)

2005
Imports  Exports  Balance 
-10.393
10.494
20.887
-95
419
514
-1.012
1.495
2.508
-187
3.234
3.422
3.263
8.493
5.230
405
681
276
3.795
13.544
9.749
1.958
2.349
391
2.958
3.175
216
-16.224
3.590
19.813
645
1.080
435
2.735
11.838
9.104
36
47
10
-152
2.860
3.012
1.162
7.974
6.812
4.625
13.281
8.655
-6.482
84.552
91.034

2006
Imports  Exports  Balance 
-14.188 
9.968 
24.156 
138 
478 
339 
-3.494 
1.955 
5.448 
4.393 
4.462 
-69 
1.427 
9.081 
7.654 
454 
926 
471 
3.980 
13.972 
9.992 
2.444 
2.677 
233 
2.973 
3.198 
225 
-22.391 
3.676 
26.068 
669 
1.183 
514 
3.255 
10.473 
7.218 
39 
13 
26 
-478 
3.001 
3.480 
1.091 
8.719 
7.628 
18.263 
9.873 
8.390 
92.002 
107.774 

2007
Imports  Exports  Balance 
-9.335 
11.251 
20.585 
604 
354 
250 
-5.756 
1.593 
7.349 
4.836 
4.381 
456 
3.370 
10.405 
7.035 
631 
1.090 
459 
2.908 
14.264 
11.356 
2.444 
2.666 
222 
3.003 
3.311 
309 
-23.236 
4.162 
27.398 
1.494 
727 
767 
4.291 
12.376 
8.085 
32 
46 
14 
-177 
3.208 
3.385 
9.505 
8.977 
529 
9.983 
22.379 
12.395 
-9.840 
103.190 
-15.773  113.031 

2008
Imports  Exports  Balance 
-12.895 
15.363 
28.259 
670 
318 
352 
-8.547 
2.062 
10.609 
1.711 
6.372 
4.661 
4.508 
12.742 
8.234 
479 
1.214 
735 
2.814 
14.055 
11.241 
2.653 
2.955 
302 
3.919 
357 
3.562 
-29.382 
5.751 
35.133 
960 
1.708 
748 
6.048 
14.452 
8.404 
54 
61 
7 
-138 
3.471 
3.609 
9.909 
9.500 
409 
10.569 
25.096 
14.527 
-16.843 
119.800 
136.644 

2009
Imports  Exports  Balance 
-2.605 
14.777 
17.382 
374 
534 
161 
-5.721 
1.612 
7.333 
2.401 
4.982 
2.580 
6.489 
12.662 
6.173 
359 
878 
519 
2.546 
11.457 
8.911 
2.427 
2.603 
176 
3.951 
4.206 
256 
-14.475 
6.313 
20.788 
712 
1.227 
516 
5.382 
11.940 
6.559 
45 
51 
6 
758 
3.078 
2.320 
1.120 
9.021 
7.901 
6.026 
13.922 
7.896 
9.789 
99.263 
89.477 

Imports
20.800 
257 
9.754 
2.627 
7.071 
556 
11.082 
239 
330 
27.300 
582 
7.715 
9 
3.539 
9.513 
11.322 
112.696 

millions of euro

2010

Exports Balance
-5.278 
15.523 
300 
557 
-7.406 
2.347 
4.090 
6.717 
7.696 
14.767 
599 
1.155 
3.382 
14.463 
2.542 
2.782 
4.390 
4.719 
-20.610 
6.689 
948 
1.530 
5.914 
13.630 
71 
80 
108 
3.647 
1.559 
11.072 
6.016 
17.338 
4.321 
117.016 

EN 

37 

EN 

 
  
EU Share of Partner Countries' Imports and Exports

Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova
Morocco
occupied Palestinian territory
Syria 
Tunisia
Ukraine
Source: IMF (DoTS)

EU share of total Partner Country imports (%) 
2005
2009
2007
50,6
51,3
61,2
27,4
34,7
35,3
26,7
29,4
29,9
23,0
21,9
21,6
31,9
31,4
35,3
30,0
30,7
31,5
37,3
37,0
39,4
21,4
25,0
25,0
37,5
38,6
45,3
45,6
48,4
56,2
43,6
48,6
45,5
59,2
57,3
54,1
-
-
-
21,2
20,9
25,0
68,2
71,9
70,1
34,0
44,9
33,8

2008
53,1
30,8
28,2
22,0
32,1
27,9
34,9
21,3
36,8
48,6
43,7
58,7
-
19,7
64,3
33,8

2006
55,2
35,7
30,8
22,6
31,8
30,3
38,3
23,9
40,7
50,0
46,9
57,7
-
22,2
65,9
43,3

EU share of total Partner Country exports (%) 
2005
2009
2007
51,9
46,2
53,9
44,5
48,8
46,7
45,5
28,6
54,2
43,8
43,9
44,7
29,9
37,4
38,2
21,2
34,1
25,4
26,1
29,9
29,7
3,0
3,3
3,6
10,0
11,5
11,3
75,1
79,8
76,5
52,4
51,6
38,7
62,0
62,2
73,0
-
-
-
26,0
29,1
32,7
72,8
76,7
80,2
24,0
29,9
30,2

2008
52,2
53,9
57,7
43,5
34,8
22,5
29,2
3,9
12,4
76,9
48,8
58,9
-
28,4
72,2
27,4

2006
51,6
48,1
56,9
46,2
43,0
26,3
28,3
3,3
10,2
75,7
47,3
62,3
-
33,0
77,2
28,7

EN 

38 

EN 

 
  
Partner countries' trade with the EU and the rest of the 
world 2009  
(East and South)

EU
40,5%

Rest of the world 
59,5%

Total trade volume: € 446.984 million

Source: IM F (DoTS)

EN 

39 

EN 

 
  
 
EU trade with the world 2010

Rest of the w orld
55,0%

Russia
8,5%

China
13,9%

US
14,5%

Eastern  ENP partners
1,9%

Southern  ENP partners
6,2%

Total EU trade with the world: € 2.839.888 million   

Source: EUROSTAT (Comext , Stat istical Regime 4)

EN 

40 

EN 

 
  
 
Breakdown of Southern ENP partners' trade with 
the EU 2010

Tunisia 11,8%

Algeria 20,8%

Syria 4,1%

oPt 0,1%

Morocco 12,2%

Egypt 12,5%

Libya 19,4%

Lebanon 2,9%

Jordan 1,7%

Israel 14,6%

Total trade volume: € 174.971 million    

Source: EUROSTAT (Comext, Stat istical regime 4)

EN 

41 

EN 

 
  
 
Breakdown of Eastern ENP partners' trade with the 
EU 2010

Armenia 1,5%

Azerbaijan 22,1%

Ukraine 52,4%

Belarus 17,1%

Georgia 3,1%

Moldova 3,9%

Total trade volume: € 54.742 million

Source: EUROSTAT (Comext , St atist ical regime 4)

EN 

42 

EN 

 
  
 
ENPI Commitments 2007-2010 - Current Prices M € 

Country
Algeria 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt 
Georgia 
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon 
Libya
Moldova 
Morocco 
occupied Palestinian territory
Russia
Syria
Tunisia 
Ukraine 
Total

2007
57,00
21,00
19,00
6,00
137,00
24,00
2,00
62,00
50,00
2,00
40,00
190,00
452,70
13,00
20,00
103,00
142,00
1340,70

2008
32,50
24,00
22,00
5,00
149,00
90,30
2,00
65,00
50,00
4,00
62,30
228,70
387,00
5,00
20,00
73,00
138,60
1358,40

2009
35,60
24,70
20,00
10,00
140,00
70,90
1,50
68,00
43,00
0,00
57,00
145,00
352,60
18,00
40,00
77,00
116,00
1219,30

2010
59,00
27,70
7,00
10,00
192,00
37,20
2,00
70,00
44,00
12,00
66,00
158,90
377,90
26,50
50,00
77,00
126,00
1343,20

Total 
2007-2010
184,10
97,40
68,00
31,00
618,00
222,40
7,50
265,00
187,00
18,00
225,30
722,60
1570,20
62,50
130,00
330,00
522,60
5261,60

Average 
2007-2010
46,03
24,35
17,00
7,75
154,50
55,60
1,88
66,25
46,75
4,50
56,33
180,65
392,55
15,63
32,50
82,50
130,65
1315,40

Regional
Regional/Interregional Cooperation East
Regional/Interregional Cooperation South
Total

143,70
177,80
321,50

112,00
171,50
283,50

126,30
223,80
350,10

200,80
194,30
395,10

582,80
767,40
1350,20

145,70
191,85
337,55

Cross-Border Cooperation ENPI *

4,20

60,00

69,20

68,40

201,80

50,45

Grand Total

1666,40

1701,90

1638,60

1806,70

6813,60

*Funding for cross-border cooperation under ENPI is complemented by funding coming from the European Regional 
Development Fund (ERDF). EUR 219.1 million were allocated under ERDF in the period 2007-10 for that purpose. 

EN 

43 

   EN 

 
ENPI Allocations 2011-2013 - Current Prices M €

Country
Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Egypt
Georgia
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Moldova 
Morocco
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Russia
Syria
Tunisia
Ukraine

ENPI allocations 
2011-2013
172,00
157,32
122,49
80,26
449,29
180,29
6,00
223,00
150,00
60,00
273,14
580,50
504,00
45,00
129,00
240,01
470,05

Aid average per 
capita (€ per yr)
1,71
16,29
4,84
2,74
2,10
13,65
0,28
13,27
13,32
3,35
23,69
6,37
44,91
0,11
2,33
7,94
3,35

Regional Cooperation East
Regional Cooperation South
Interregional Cooperation
Cross-Border Cooperation

262,32
288,00
862,67
292,86

EN 

44 

   EN 

 
 
Youth in Action mobility figures 2010 

Youth in Action9  

Youth Exchanges and Youth 
Workers Mobility 

Voluntary Service 

Country/Year 

2009 

2010 

2009 

2010 

Armenia 

Algeria 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Georgia 

Egypt 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Republic of Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied Palestinian territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

351 

91 

231 

221 

344 

79 

183 

94 

68 

309 

116 

142 

10 

108 

641 

334 

55 

163 

253 

356 

102 

220 

61 

109 

228 

84 

90 

24 

97 

67 

0 

8 

10 

60 

13 

10 

4 

3 

11 

4 

2 

0 

1 

67 

1 

4 

11 

47 

4 

7 

2 

4 

13 

6 

6 

0 

7 

707 

86 

105 

Overall Total per Action 

2988 

2883 

279 

284 

9 

Provisional figures gathered at application level for  participants in projects submitted at decentralised 
level.  

EN 

45 

   EN 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
Mobility under  

Erasmus Mundus, Action 2, 2010-2011 

ENP Country 

ARMENIA 

ALGERIA 

AZERBAIJAN 

BELARUS 

EGYPT 

GEORGIA 

ISRAEL 

JORDAN 

LEBANON 
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 

MOROCCO 

OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN 
TERRITORY 

SYRIA 

TUNISIA 

UKRAINE 

GRAND TOTAL 

Total 
for academic year 2010-2011* 

Mobility 

Flows  

34 

81 

33 

80 

102 

59 

65 

34 

27 

66 

79 

50 

26 

77 

100 

913 

*Figures based on the projected mobility flows by 1 September 2011, subject to possible adjustment upwards 

EN 

46 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Erasmus Mundus Action 1 – Erasmus Mundus Masters Scholarships  

Students 

Scholars 

Academic year 
2009- 2010 

Academic year 
2010-2011 

Academic year 
2009-2010 

Joint Doctorate 
Candidates 

Academic year 
2010-2011* 

Country/Year 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Republic of 
Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied 
Palestinian 
territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

5 

13 

3 

5 

7 

9 

8 

1 

3 

10 

3 

2 

10 

29 

1 

1 

3 

6 

1 

6 

8 

7 

6 

1 

2 

6 

4 

2 

1 

6 

30 

89 

6 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

13 

2 

1 

7 

2 

8 

48 

Overall Total 

124 

The 2010 selection of Erasmus Mundus Masters Courses scholars take place throughout the 
academic year. Final figures per nationality for 2010 to 2011 will therefore only be available 
following the submission of final reports 

EN 

47 

   EN 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tempus IV- number of projects per country accepted in 2010 

Country 

Total 
Projects 

National 
Projects

Multi 
Country 
Projects

Joint 
Projects 

Structural 
Measures 

As 
Grant 
Holder 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Republic of Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied Palestinian territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

6 

4 

2 

2 

4 

5 

2 

5 

7 

5 

8 

3 

4 

7 

5 

0 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

3 

1 

2 

2 

5 

1 

3 

6 

4 

7 

2 

2 

6 

5 

5 

2 

2 

2 

4 

4 

1 

5 

6 

5 

7 

3 

3 

5 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

EN 

48 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ENP and Russian Federation: Scholarships in European Integration Studies in European universities 2010 

The figures refer concurrently to scholarships awarded for academic years 2010-11 and 2011-12 as certain masters 
courses extend over 12 months 

Country 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Libya 

Morocco 

Moldova 

occupied Palestinian territory  

Syria 

Tunisia 

Ukraine  

Russian Federation 

Total for ENP countries plus Russian Federation 

Scholarships Awarded 

3 

3 

4 

1 

10 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

10 

8 

48 

EN 

49 

   EN 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
52 scholarship grants were awarded as follows 

ENP Scholarships to the College of Europe 2010 

Country 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Libya 

Morocco 

Moldova 

occupied Palestinian territory  

Syria 

Tunisia 

Ukraine  

Total for ENP countries 

Scholarships Awarded 

3 

6 

5 

8 

1 

4 

1 

4 

10 

1 

9 

52 

EN 

50 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Breakdown of TAIEX requests from ENP partner countries and the Russian Federation 

Number of requests per country 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

Total 

Algeria  

Armenia  

Azerbaijan  

Belarus  

Egypt  

Georgia  

Israel  

Jordan  

Lebanon  

Libya  

Moldova  

Morocco  

Occupied Palestinian territory 

Russian Federation 

Syria  

Tunisia  

Ukraine  

Total 

7 

12 

1 

31 

15 

18 

7 

3 

42 

27 

25 

7 

22 

29 

6 

11 

22 

24 

36 

25 

7 

39 

10 

4 

14 

5 

15 

41 

217 

288 

16 

20 

8 

24 

22 

54 

30 

17 

6 

8 

30 

26 

12 

18 

1 

18 

38 

22 

20 

35 

26 

56 

22 

29 

14 

43 

62 

26 

14 

25 

12 

54 

78 

46 

71 

101 

149 

106 

78 

30 

51 

173 

89 

30 

82 

6 

52 

139 

449 

172 

374 

616 

1570 

EN 

51 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Number of requests per country

Ukraine
Moldova
Georgia
Israel
Egypt
Morocco
Russia
Jordan
Armenia
Belarus
Algeria
Tunisia
Libya
Azerbaijan
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Lebanon
Syria

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

EN 

52 

EN 

 
  
 
 
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

1618

Number of requests
Acumulative reques

612

1006

449

557

288

269

217

52
52

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

EN 

53 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
Single country events 2007- 2010 (Total: 821)

Occupied 
Palestinian Territory

Lebanon

Libya

Ukraine

Moldova

Israel

Azerbaijan

Algeria

Tunisia

Belarus

Egypt

Morocco

Georgia

Russian Federation

Armenia

Jordan

EN 

54 

EN 

 
  
 
 
Single country events

Ukraine

Moldova

Israel

Georgia

Russia

Jordan

Armenia

Morocco

Egypt

Belarus

Tunisia

Algeria

Azerbaijan

Libya

Lebanon

2007

2008

2009

2010

Occupied Palestinian Territory

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

EN 

55 

EN 

 
  
 
 
Number of participants (single and multi-country events) 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

Total 

Algeria  

Armenia  

Azerbaijan  

Belarus  

Egypt  

Georgia  

Israel  

Jordan  

Lebanon  

Libya  

Moldova  

Morocco  

occupied Palestinian territory 

Russia  

Syria  

Tunisia  

Ukraine  

Total 

** attended at no cost to TAIEX 

93 

42 

33 

308 

139 

142 

315 

75 

24 

559 

55 

15 

437 

10 

131 

899 

106 

221 

148 

79 

179 

130 

422 

49 

61 

476 

353 

14 

617 

16 

149 

294 

36 

235 

78 

370 

410 

282 

465 

425 

78 

10 

585 

298 

178 

309 

14 

75 

357 

700 

308 

776 

771 

757 

376 

527 

352 

592

1198

567

1533

1499

1311

1578

1076

515

1596 

1606

697 

389 

76 

2317

1095

283

915 

2278

17 

501 

57

856

1093 

2925 

5211

3.277 

3.314 

4.941 

12040 

23572

EN 

56 

   EN 

 
 
  
  
  
 
Taiex breakdown of events by sector 2008 – 2010 

Others
13%

Justice, Liberty & 
Security
28%

Internal Market
18%

Telecom
2%

Competition & 
Customs
6%

Energy
3%

Transport
4%

Finance & Social 
Affairs
10%

Agriculture 
Environme
16%

EN 

57 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
Type of assistance requested 2007-2010 

Workshop

Expert 
mission 

Study visit Total 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Libya 

Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied  Palestinian 
territory 

Russian Federation 

Syria 

Tunisia 

Ukraine 

Total 

5 

19 

13 

8 

40 

39 

17 

22 

4 

2 

29 

25 

6 

5 

6 

60 

300 

49 

28 

20 

30 

37 

41 

47 

19 

13 

45 

80 

48 

8 

47 

5 

29 

31 

13 

33 

24 

69 

42 

34 

13 

4 

64 

16 

16 

30 

1 

17 

54 

78 

46 

71 

101 

149 

106 

75 

30 

51 

173 

89 

30 

82 

6 

52 

129 

536 

184 

730 

373 

1566 

EN 

58 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Type of assistance requested 2007-2010

Workshop

19%

Expert 

47%

Study 

34%

EN 

59 

EN 

 
  
 
SIGMA 

Activities per country/sector 2010 

N°  Country  

Sector  

N° of actions

1.  Armenia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 2 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

Policy-making 

3 

2 

1 

2.  Azerbaijan 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 1 

Public Procurement 

1 

3.  Egypt 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 5 

Policy-making 

5 

4.  Georgia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 4 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

2 

1 

5. 

Jordan 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 1 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Policy-making 

5.  Lebanon 

Public Procurement 

6.  Moldova 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and justice

1 

2 

1 

3 

7.  Morocco 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 5 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

1 

1 

8.  Tunisia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 4 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

1 

1 

9.  Ukraine 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 2 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

2 

1 

EN 

60 

   EN 

 
 
Ukraine

Tunisia

Morocco

Moldova

Lebanon

Jordan

Georgia

Egypt.

Azerbaidjan

Armenia

Policy making

Public procurement

Financial control and external
audit

Legal Framework, Civil Service
and Justice

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

EN 

61 

EN 

 
  
 
Twinning projects 
ENPI South (per country) 

2005-2010 

2005-2010 

Launched/ongoing/ 
terminated 

Under preparation/ 
identification/project 
ideas 

TOTAL 

5 

13 

5 

16 

7 

21 

24 

91 

10 

20 

2 

7 

5 

26 

22 

92 

15 

33 

7 

23 

12 

47 

46 

183 

Twinning projects  
ENPI East (per country) 

2005-2010 

2005-2010 

Launched/ongoing 

Under preparation/ 
identification/project 
ideas 

TOTAL 

5 

16 

9 

9 

21 

60 

8 

6 

5 

2 

15 

36 

13 

22 

14 

11 

36 

96 

Country 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Morocco 

Tunisia 

TOTAL 

Country 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Georgia 

Moldova 

Ukraine 

TOTAL 

EN 

62 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Twinning projects ENP 2005-2010 (per sector) 

Finance & Internal Market 

Trade & Industry 

Justice & Home Affairs 

Health & Consumer Protection 

Employment & Social Affairs 

Environment 

Transport 

Energy 

Agriculture 

Telecommunications  

Other 

TOTAL 

62 

47 

39 

20 

18 

16 

15 

12 

14 

8 

28 

279 

EN 

63 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Twinning projects in the ENPI region, per country
Total of 279 projects for 12 countries -151 
launched/ongoing/concluded - 128 prepration/project ideas 

Preparation
Unsuccessful
CfP open
Negotiation of contract
Ongoing
Concluded

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Algeria

Azerbaijan
Armenia

Egypt

Georgia

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Moldova

Morocco

Tunisia

Ukraine

EN 

64 

EN 

 
  
0

1
0

2
0

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

7
2

6
5

4
4

AUSTRIA

1
6

BELGIUM

3

BULGARIA

4

CZECH
REPUBLIC

DENMARK

5

1
4

ESTONIA

1

FINLAND

5

1
7

FRANCE

GERMANY

GREECE

HUNGARY

4

ITALY

LATVIA

4

LITHUANIA

7

NETHERLANDS

1
4

POLAND

4

PORTUGAL

1

ROMANIA

4

SLOVAKIA

5

SPAIN

3
4

SWEDEN

8

TO BE
RECIRCULATED

2

UNITED
KINGDOM

2
5

1
5
1
E
N
P
-
T
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
C
a
l
l
s

f
o
r
P
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
s

(
2
1
.
1
2
.
.
2
0
1
0
)

3
5
8
P
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
s

f
r
o
m
2
2
M
e
m
b
e
r
S
t
a
t
e
s

f
o
r

b
y
M
e
m
b
e
r
S
t
a
t
e

2
0
0
6

–

2
0
1
0

N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f

T
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
s

E
N

6
5

E
N

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0

1
0

2
0

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

FRANCE

GERMANY

AUSTRIA

ITALY

UNITED KINGDOM

SPAIN

NETHERLANDS

SWEDEN

POLAND

DENMARK

ROMANIA

HUNGARY

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

FINLAND

GREECE

PORTUGAL

BELGIUM

BULGARIA

SLOVAKIA

CYPRUS

ESTONIA

IRELAND

LUXEMBOURG

MALTA

SLOVENIA

J
u
n
o
r

i

L
e
a
d
e
r

1
3
4

a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
E
N
P
-
T
w
i
n
n
i
n
g

(
2
1
.
1
2
.
2
0
1
0
)

2
1
E
U
M
e
m
b
e
r
S
t
a
t
e
s
S
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
o
r

2
0
0
5
-
2
0
1
0

i
n
a
w
a
r
d
e
d
T
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
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e
c
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s

M
e
m
b
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S
t
a
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s

s
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E
N

6
6

E
N

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Neighbourhood Investment Facility (NIF): List of projects approved 
for a contribution in 2010 

Projects in the ENP East Region: 

The NIF contribution to the nine projects approved for the East amounts to €47,5 million. The 
total amount for these projects is approximately €0,75 billion. 

untry 

Name of the project 

NISIA 

YPT 

YPT 

YPT 

YPT 

RDAN 

OCCO 

Tunis High Speed Urban Railway 
(14M + 14M) 
Combined Renewable Energy 
Masterplan for Egypt 

Egyptian Power Transmission 
Improved Water and Wastewater 
Services Programme Upper Egypt 
(IWSP 2) 
Technical Assistance for the 
implementation of a 20 MW PV Grid 
Connected Power Plant Project in 
Egypt 

Jordan Electricity Transmission 

National Sanitation Programme 

Consortium 
of  
European 
Financing 
Institution 
AFD, EIB, 
KfW 
KfW, AFD, 
EIB 
EIB, AFD, 
KfW 

KfW, AFD, 
EIB 

AFD, EIB, 
KfW 

EIB, AFD 
AFD, EIB, 
KfW 

Sector 

Transport 

Energy 

Energy 

Water/Sanitation 

Energy 

Energy 

Water/Sanitation 

NIF 
contribution 
(€ million) 

Total 
project 
cost 
(€ 
million)

28 

3 

20 

10 

0,8 

2,2 

10 

550 
up to 
500 

762 

300 

up to 
100 
up to 
150 

176 

Total 

74,0 

1.788,0  

EN 

67 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
             
 
Projects in the ENP South Region: 

The  NIF  contribution  to  the  seven  projects  approved  for  the  South  amounts  to  €74  million. 
The total amount for these projects is approximately €1,7 billion. 

untry 

Name of the project 

Consortiu
m 
European 
Financing 
Institution 

Sector 

NIF 
contribution
(€ million) 

Total 
project 
cost 
(€ million) 

NISIA  

Tunis  High  Speed  Urban  Railway 
(14M + 14M) 

AFD, EIB, 
KfW 

Transport 

YPT  

Combined 
Masterplan for Egypt 

Renewable 

Energy 

KfW, AFD, 
EIB 

YPT  

Egyptian Power Transmission 

EIB, AFD, 
KfW 

Energy 

Energy 

28 

3 

20 

550 

up to 500 

762 

Improved  Water  and  Wastewater 
Services  Programme  Upper  Egypt 
(IWSP 2) 

KfW, AFD, 
EIB 

Water/Sanitation 

10 

300 

YPT  

YPT  

Technical 
the 
Assistance 
implementation  of  a  20  MW  PV  Grid 
Connected  Power  Plant  Project  in 
Egypt 

for 

AFD, EIB, 
KfW 

Energy 

RDAN  

Jordan Electricity Transmission 

EIB, AFD 

Energy 

OCCO   National Sanitation Programme 

AFD, EIB, 
KfW 

Water/Sanitation 

0,8 

2,2 

10 

up to 100 

up to 150 

176 

Total 

74,0 

1.788,0   

EN 

68 

EN 

 
  
 
 
             
 
Distribution of NIF contribution by Sector 2010

Social
14%

Transport
26%

Environment
32%

Energy
28%

EN 

69 

EN 

 
  
 
Distribution of NIF contribution by Objectives by Sector 2010

SME and Social 
sectors
14%

Energy and Transport 
53%

Environment
33%

EN 

70 

EN 

 
  
 
Neighbourhood Investment Facility: Contributions pledged  
by Member States 2008-2010 (as of 31/12/2010) 

List of Member State 
direct contributions 
(officially announced) 

Pledge 
(2008-10) 

Additional 
pledges made in 
2009 

Total 

Germany 

France 

Poland 

Czech Republic 

Spain 

Austria 

Bulgaria 

Estonia 

Finland 

Greece 

Italy 

Luxembourg 

Portugal 

Romania 

Sweden 

27.5 

15 

7.5 

5 

2 

1 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

35 

20 

3 

3 

2 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

62.5 

15.5 

78 

EN 

71 

   EN