REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union: Sixth annual report (Reporting year 2007)
Date: 2011-03-11
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU Member State, air quality, diesel fuel, marketing, motor vehicle, petrol, pollution control, product quality, report

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 11.3.2011 
COM(2011) 113 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 
THE COUNCIL 

Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union: 
Sixth annual report 
(Reporting year 2007) 

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REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 
THE COUNCIL 

Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union: 
Sixth annual report (Reporting year 2007) 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Directive  98/70/EC1  sets  minimum  specifications  on  health  and  environmental  grounds  for 
fuels  to  be  used  for  vehicles  equipped  with  positive-ignition  and  compression-ignition 
engines.  Fuel  quality  is  environmentally  important  because  it  affects  engine  pollutant 
emissions and thus air quality. It also affects the ease and cost with which desired pollutant 
and  greenhouse  emission  limits  can  be  achieved  by  manufacturers.  Directive  2003/17/EC2, 
amending Directive 98/70/EC, requires a further reduction of the sulphur content of petrol and 
diesel fuels.  

Non-respect  of  the  fuel  specification  can  lead  to  increased  emissions  (for  example  excess 
oxygenates  can  increase  NOx  emissions)  and  might  damage  engine  and  exhaust  after-
treatment  systems  (for  example  excess  sulphur  damaging  catalysts)  leading  to  higher  air 
pollutant emissions. In order to ensure compliance with the fuel quality standards mandatory 
under this Directive, Member States are required to introduce fuel quality monitoring systems. 

Article 8 of Directive 98/70/EC requires the Commission to publish annually a report on fuel 
quality  in  the  Member  States.  This  sixth  Commission  Report  summarises  Member  States’ 
submissions on the quality of petrol and diesel, as well as the volumes sold, for the year 2007. 
All Member States except Luxembourg submitted national reports for 2007.  

The  quality  of  Member  States'  monitoring  system  design,  level  of  compliance  with  limit 
values,  and  information  provided  in  report  submissions  is  still  improving.  The  Commission 
will  continue  monitoring  compliance  with  the  requirements  laid  down  in  the  Directive  and 
propose appropriate and proportionate action where necessary. 

As noted in 2006, although sulphur-free fuels3 are accounting for an increasingly significant 
proportion of fuel grades and sales across Member States, they are still not always labelled at 
the  pump.  There  are  still  also  significant  problems  in  timely  delivery  of  reports  from  some 
Member States. In fact the situation has worsened for these very late reports compared to last 
year.  Ireland,  Italy  and  the  Netherlands  submitted  reports  more  than  3  months  late;  and  the 
UK  and  Malta  submitted  reports  more  than  7  months  late.  Luxembourg  did  not  submit  a 
report in 2007.  

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Directive  98/70/EC  relating  to  the  quality  of  petrol  and  diesel  fuels  and  amending  Council  Directive 
93/12/EEC O.J. L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58 
Directive  2003/17/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  3  March  2003  amending 
Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels O.J. L 76, 22.3.2003, p. 10 
The term "sulphur-free" or "zero sulphur" refers to a sulphur content of <10ppm. 

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Fuel quality monitoring in 2007 showed that the specifications for petrol and diesel laid down 
in  Directive  98/70/EC  are  in  general  met  and  again  few  exceedances  were  identified.  For 
petrol  the  main  parameters  where  exceedances  were  identified  were  research/motor  octane 
number (RON/MON)4, summer vapour pressure5 and distillation/evaporation at 100/150°C6. 
For diesel the main parameters where exceedances were identified were sulphur content and 
distillation 95% point.  

As  exceedances  are  relatively  rare  and  most  Member  States  take  action  to  remove  non-
compliant  fuel  from  sale,  the  Commission  is  not  aware  of  any  negative  reprecussions  on 
vehicle emissions or engine functioning due to these exceedances. However, the Commission 
urges  Member  States  to  continue  to  take  action  to  ensure  full  compliance  so  that  such 
problems  do  not  arise  in  the  future.  Detail  of  actions  taken  by  Member  States,  where 
available,  is  given  in  the  individual  country  chapters  of  the  detailed  report  for  20077.  The 
Commission  will  continue  monitoring  compliance  with  the  fuel  quality  requirements  laid 
down in the Directive.  

Lower sulphur content helps the abatement of air pollution and the introduction of new engine 
technology. As shown in Table 1, average sulphur content in 2007 is substantially below that 
reported in 2004 but has not decreased much since 2005. The share of sulphur-free and low-
sulphur fuels8 increased between 2001 and 2005, when it became mandatory for all fuel to be 
low-sulphur, and for sulphur-free fuels to be introduced in all Member States. 

Table 1: Annual trend in average sulphur content in petrol and diesel fuels  

EU 

EU15  EU12

Average Sulphur Content, ppm 

Fuel/Year  2001 

2002 

2003*  2004*  2005*  2006**  2007***  2007***

2007 

Petrol 

68 

51 

37 

38 

Diesel 

223 

169 

125 

113 

19 

25 

18 

22 

18 

23 

18 

23 

18 

24 

* Excludes France, who did not report in 2003 - 2005. New EU10 joined from 2004. 
** Excludes Malta, who did not report in 2006. 
*** Excludes Luxembourg, who did not report in 2007. 

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Research Octane Number (RON) is a quantitative measure of the maximum compression ratio at which 
petrol  can be used  in  an  engine  without  some  of  the  mixture  self  igniting  in  the  engine. Self  ignition 
leads to excess fuel consumption and an increase in Volatile Organic Compound and Carbon Monoxide 
emissions. 
Vapour  pressure  is  a  measure  of  the  propensity  of  the  fuel  to  evaporate.  It  is  regulated  in  summer 
because temperatures at that time of year can lead to high emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, 
which  are  a  precursor  of  ground  level  ozone.  Exceedances  will  result  in  increased  Volatile  Organic 
Compound emissions. 
The distillation parameter establishes the proportion of the fuel that evaporates at 100˚C and 150˚C. It 
limits  the  range  of  lighter  components  that  can  be  blended  in  the  petrol.  Exceedances  could  lead  to 
vapour locks and driveability problems.  
https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/5e89b837-2bec-4284-b9fe-c156271268f7 
The term "low sulphur" corresponds to a sulphur content of <50ppm. 

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National  fuel  quality  monitoring  systems  still  differ  considerably.  However,  the  Directive 
requirements  are  expected  to  promote  greater  homogeneity  and  to  improve  the  quality  of 
reporting. 

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2. 

INTRODUCTION 

The specifications for petrol and diesel sold in the European Union are laid down in annexes 
to Directive 98/70/EC. From 1 January 2005 only one set of fuel specifications has applied. 
The Directive requires Member States to report summaries of the quality of fuels sold in their 
territories. From 2004 onwards, Member States are required to report on their monitoring in 
accordance  with  European  Standard,  EN 142749,  or  with  systems  of  equivalent  confidence. 
Article  8  of  Directive  98/70/EC,  as  amended  by  Article  1(5)  of  Directive  2003/17/EC, 
requires the Commission to forward the results of Member States’ fuel quality reporting. In 
compliance with this request, this sixth Commission Report summarises the quality of petrol 
and diesel, as well as the volumes sold, in the EU for the year 2007. Previous years' reports 
can be found on the Commission's web pages10.  

3. 

NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEMS 

Revisions,  outlined  in  the  Excel  reporting  template,  to  the  reporting  format  specified  in 
Commission Decision 2002/159/EC and European Standard EN 14274: 2003 have enhanced 
the  usefulness  of  the  information  and  facilitated  analysis  of  EU  trends.  The  quality  of  the 
monitoring systems’ design, compliance with limit values and information provided in report 
submissions is continuing to improve in most cases. However, there are still a few key areas 
for improvement, summarised as follows: 

Key 

Some  Member  States  have  submitted  reports  late;  the  UK  and  Malta  more  than  7  months 
late; and Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands more than 3 months late. They are encouraged to 
report on time to avoid undermining the efforts of others.  

Several  Member  States  do  not  fulfil  sufficient  sampling  for  all  fuel  or  are  not  sampling  in 
sufficient numbers at refuelling stations (as opposed to depot/refinery). Figure 2 summarises 
the sampling rate across the EU in 2007. 

Where  Member  States  use  their  own  National  Systems,  they  must  be  fully  described.  This 
description should show the monitoring system’s equivalency in statistical confidence to EN 
14274:  2003. This has still not  been provided in most cases  for  2004-2007 monitoring  and 
must be provided in future.  

Where EN 14274 Statistical Model C is used, Member States should present a clear rationale 
for its use. For several Member States there appears to be a good case for using Models A or 
B instead.  

It  is  necessary  for  sulphur-free  fuels  to  be  clearly  labelled  so  that  consumers  have  the 
opportunity to choose them. In some Member States sulphur content is not clearly labelled at 
fuel pumps. Reporting on labelling could help the automotive industry gain confidence in the 

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EN 14274:2003 - Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel quality - Fuel Quality Monitoring 
System (FQMS). 
https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/5e89b837-2bec-4284-b9fe-c156271268f7 

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Key 
availability  of  sulphur-free  fuels  so  that  vehicles  taking  full  advantage  of  them  are  more 
widely introduced.  

It would also be valuable, for the Member States not already doing so, to report the results of 
sulphur content analyses separately for low-sulphur and sulphur-free fuels, to further confirm 
the quality of sulphur-free fuels. 

4. 

2007 REPORTING 

4.1 Fuel Qualities and Volumes 

All  petrol  and  diesel  sales  in  the  EU  are  now  of  low-sulphur  or  sulphur-free  fuels.  Of  all 
petrol sold, 53% was low-sulphur and 47% sulphur-free. Of all diesel sold the equivalent split 
was 58% and 42%.  

The variety of RON and sulphur grade fuels available across the EU decreased in 2005 with 
the new mandatory limit of <50ppm sulphur. The majority of petrol sales in 2007 comprised 
RON 95 (85%, with 50% low sulphur and 35% sulphur free), see Figure 1 and the table in the 
Annex for full details by Member State.  

Figure 1: 

2007 EU Fuel sales proportions by fuel type (%) 

Petrol Sales 

2007  Diesel Sales 

2007 

Type 
13  Diesel 

14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

0.0% 

57.9% 
42.1% 

Type 

1  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 

2  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
3  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
4  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
5  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
6  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 

7  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 

8  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
9  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

0.0% 

0.2% 
6.3% 
0.0% 
49.7% 
35.2% 

0.0% 

3.0% 
0.07% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
5.3% 

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Similarly  to  2001  -  2006,  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Spain  and  the  United  Kingdom  saw  the 
largest fuel sales in 2007 (Figure 3). Diesel sales are dominant in almost all Member States. 
However, the relative sales of petrol and diesel vary significantly. 

Sales in EU-12 Member States comprised 12.4% and 12.6% of total petrol and diesel sales in 
the EU, respectively (compared with 10.1% and 9.9%, respectively, for the EU-10 in 2006). 
Higher proportions of sulphur-free petrol and diesel grades were sold in the EU-10 (49% and 
49%, respectively), compared to the EU-15 (46% and 41%, respectively).  

Since 2001 there has been increased homogeneity in the number of grades of fuel reported to 
be available across the EU (Figure 4). In 2007 there are generally 2-3 petrol grades available 
in each Member State, mainly a result of different octane levels (RON category). However, 
separate sulphur-free grades are appearing in some cases.  

Member  States  do  not  have  fully  to  switch  to  sulphur-free  fuels  until  2009.  However, 
Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Sweden had already fully moved 
over to sulphur-free petrol diesel grades in 2007. Austria and Estonia have also fully moved to 
sulphur-free petrol (see Figures 5 and 6). In Sweden virtually all diesel has been sulphur-free 
since 1999, and in Germany it has been available from 2003. 

A number of Member States are yet to introduce separately marketed (and labelled) sulphur-
free fuels. The average sulphur content of some fuel grades was found to be below 10 ppm 
where the fuel was marketed as low-sulphur (< 50 ppm), as shown in figure 7. Thus in these 
countries it appears that fuel sales may be sulphur-free, although they are not labelled as such. 
In addition, some Member States have not provided sufficient information to judge whether 
sulphur-free  fuels  are  available  “on  an  appropriately  balanced  geographical  basis”,  as 
required by the Directive. 

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Figure 2: Fuel Quality Monitoring sampling rate across the EU in 2007 (average number of samples per fuel grade) 

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Figure 3: National fuel sales in 2007 by fuel type across the EU (million litres) 

AT BE BG CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE EL HU IE

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Notes: Excludes Luxembourg who failed to submit a report in 2007 

Total Petrol 

Total Diesel 

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Figure 4: Number of fuel grades available nationally by fuel type across the EU in 2007 

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Number of Petrol Grades 

Number of Diesel Grades 

Figure 5: National sales of low sulphur petrol grades across the EU (%) in 2007 

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

AT BE BG CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE EL HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK

Petrol (regular) 

Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 

Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 

Notes: Excludes Luxembourg who failed to submit a report in 2007 

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Figure 6: National sales of low sulphur diesel grades across the EU (%) in 2007 

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

AT BE BG CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE EL HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK

Diesel (regular) 

Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 

Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

Figure 7: Average sulphur content of petrol and diesel grades across the EU (%) in 2007 

2005 limits

2009 limits

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Notes: Excludes Luxembourg who failed to submit a report in 2007

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Diesel 

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4.2 Compliance with Directive 98/70/EC in 2007 

Table  2  summarises  the  compliance  of  Member  States  with  Directive  98/70/EC  in  2007.  It 
reports both the results of the analysis of samples against limit values and the compliance of 
the  reporting  format  and  content.  As  in  2001  –  2006,  some  Member  States  provided 
incomplete  and  /  or  late  information  and  this  affected  the  quality  of  the  compliance 
assessment.  The  Commission  will  therefore  work  with  Member  States  in  order  to  improve 
their reporting where necessary. 

Pursuant to Article 9a, it is the responsibility of the Member States to determine the penalties 
applicable to breaches of the Directive. Details of any action taken with regard to limit value 
non-compliance are included where provided in the individual country chapters of the detailed 
report for the year 200711. 

7  Member  States  are  in  complete  compliance  with  limit  values  for  both  petrol  and  diesel 
(compared to 8 in 2006). 19 Member States also provided complete reporting across the range 
of  parameters  specified  for  monitoring  in  the  Directive.  As  a  result  of  the  monitoring 
arrangements  in  place,  Belgium  undertakes  substantially  more  sampling  than  other  Member 
States. Therefore, if these values were simply aggregated with monitoring results from other 
Member States it would skew the results and hide trends in the EU as a whole. In view of this, 
Belgian  exceedances  and  samples  are  excluded  from  the  analysis  of  exceedances  reported 
below.12  

For petrol, 17 of the Member States (8 of the EU-15) reported at least 1 sample that was non-
compliant with Directive 98/70/EC, compared to 16 in 2006 (8 of the EU-15). Of these, the 
main  parameters  of  concern  were  again  research/motor  octane  number  (RON/MON,  68 
samples),  summer  vapour  pressure  (DVPE,  43  samples)  and  distillation  -  evaporation  at 
100/150°C (14 samples).  

This  represents  an  increase  in  both  the  number  and  the  proportion  of  non-compliant  petrol 
samples  in  EU-15  and  EU-12  Member  States.  In  EU-15  Member  States  the  proportion  of 
samples exceeding limit values nearly doubled from around 0.55% in 2006 to 1.0% in 2007. 
This  increase  is  primarily  attributable  to  more  samples  exceeding  limit  values  for  "other" 
parameters13.  In  EU-12  Member  States  the  proportion  of  samples  exceeding  limit  values 
increased  from  around  2%  in  2006  to  3.5%  in 2007,  with  the  increase  mainly  coming  from 
samples that exceeded MON/RON limit values. 

For diesel, 12 of the Member States (4 of the EU-15) reported at least 1 sample that was non-
compliant with Directive 98/70/EC, compared to 10 in 2006 (3 of the EU-15). Of these, the 
main parameters of concern were sulphur content (28 samples) and distillation 95% point (11 
samples). 

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https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/5e89b837-2bec-4284-b9fe-c156271268f7 
The detailed 2007 monitoring report contains several errors in the manner in which this adjustment has 
been  performed.  As  a  result,  the  proportion  of  the  samples  exceeding  limit  values  had  been  mis-
calculated in the 2007 detailed report, and the detailed reports for previous years. The exceedance rates 
below have been corrected from those in the detailed report and this error will be corrected as from the 
2008 version of the detailed report. 
The ‘other’ parameters category represents aromatics, oxygenates and lead content. 

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Diesel  limit  value  exceedances  increased  in  2007  in  EU-15  Member  States.  However,  the 
proportion  of  samples  exceeding  limit  values  is  still  below  that  seen  before  2006.  In  2005, 
EU-10  Member  States  had  a  particular  problem  with  sulphur  content  due  to  the  mandatory 
<50 ppm level introduced at the start of that year. This issue appears to have been resolved as 
EU-12 Member States have maintained the lower level of exceedances seen in 2006.  

Table 2: Summary of Member State compliance with 98/70/EC for 2007 reporting. 

Limit value non-compliance(1) 
(95% confidence limits) 
(Non-compliant samples / Total 
samples) 

Member State 

Austria 
Belgium 
Bulgaria 
Cyprus 
Czech Republic 
Denmark 
Estonia 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Hungary 
Ireland 
Italy 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Luxembourg 
Malta 
Netherlands 
Poland 
Portugal 
Romania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 
Spain 
Sweden 
UK 
No. Countries 

Petrol 

39 / 4795 
8 / 34 
2 / 346 
43 / 1008 

17 / 350 

44 / 744 

2 / 121 
5 / 116 
9 / 299 
2 / 705 

3 / 28 
5 / 100 
30 / 551 

5 / 101 
17 / 174 
5 / 139 

1 / 2046 
17 

Diesel 
2 / 100 
39 / 5604 
2 / 38 
2 / 264 
7 / 545 

1 / 184 

5 / 382 
1 / 888 

3 / 17 

2 / 322 

15 / 105 

2 / 154 

Incomplete reporting  
(Number of parameters 
not measured / Total) 
Diesel 
Petrol 

2 / 18 
5 / 18 
1 / 17 

1 / 4 
2 / 5 

5 / 13 

1 / 17 

3 / 15 

7 / 11 

Late report 
(Due by 
30/6/2008) (2) 
<1 month 
<2 months 

<4 months 

<1 month 

<3 months 
<1 month 

<4 months 
<4 months 
<1 month 

<12 months 
<4 months 

<1 month 

<1 month 

<12 months  
14 

Notes 
 (1) 
(2) (3) 
(20) (21) 
(10) (11) 

(12) (13) 
(4)  
(4)  

(4)  

(5)  
(6) (4) 
(14) (15) 

(24)  
(16) (17) 
(4)  
(18)  

(22) (23) 
(19)  

(7) (8) 
(9)  

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Detailed notes on this table can be found on page 197 of the detailed report for 2007 

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 5.  CONCLUSIONS  

Fuel  quality  is  environmentally  important  because  it  affects  engine  pollutant  emissions  and 
thus air quality as well as the ease and cost with which pollutant and greenhouse gas emission 
limits can be achieved by manufacturers. The monitoring of fuel quality in 2007 shows that 
the specifications for petrol and diesel laid down in Directive 98/70/EC are in general met and 
very few exceedances were identified. As exceedances are relatively rare and most Member 
States  take  action  to  remove  non-compliant  fuel  from  sale,  the  Commission  is  not  aware  of 
any  negative  reprecussions  on  vehicle  emissions  or  engine  functioning  due  to  these 
exceedances.  However,  the  Commission  urges  Member  States  to  continue  to  take  action  to 
ensure full compliance so that such problems do not arise in the future. The Commission will 
continue monitoring compliance with the fuel quality requirements laid down in the Directive 
and propose appropriate and proportionate action where necessary. 

The  share  of  sulphur-free  and  low-sulphur  fuels  increased  from  2001  to  2005.  The  average 
sulphur content of fuels has stabilised since 2005, when low-sulphur fuels became mandatory 
and  sulphur-free  fuels  were  introduced  across  the  EU.  However  in  a  number  of  Member 
States they are still not always labelled properly at the pump. 

Without  labelling,  consumers  have  no  possibility  to  choose  sulphur-free  fuels  and  are  less 
likely  to  utilise  technology  requiring  these  fuels.  This  significantly  undermines  the  value  of 
having  fuels  meeting  this  criterion  available.  Therefore,  this  lack  of  labelling  could  hamper 
the introduction of vehicles using technology requiring sulphur-free fuels. As a result the full 
potential offered for reductions in CO2 from the road transport sector may not be realised.  

Reporting on labelling could help the automotive industry gain confidence in fuel availability 
so  that  vehicles  taking  full  advantage  of  the  sulphur-free  fuels  are  more  widely  introduced, 
leading to lower pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Very limited information has been 
provided  by  Member  States  on  the  geographical  availability  of  sulphur-free  fuels;  most 
Member States simply stated that they were widely available, but provided no supplementary 
information to provide a measure of the geographical availability. 

The  fuel  quality  monitoring  systems  established  at  national  level  differ  considerably  and 
require  further  uniformity  in  order  to  provide  transparent  and  comparable  results.  The 
implementation  of  Directive  2003/17/EC  has  led  to  improved  quality  of  reporting  as  it 
requires Member States to report on monitoring in accordance to the new European Standard, 
EN 14274,  or  with  systems  of  equivalent  confidence.  Where  Member  States  do  not  report 
according to EN 14274 format, justification for this must be provided. 

EN 

13 

   EN 

 
ID  Million litres 

Fuel grade 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

ANNEX: 2007 EU fuel sales by fuel type (million litres)  
Finland 
FI 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,272 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
209 
0 
0 
2,481 
2,481 
- 
- 
2,607 
2,607 

Austria  Belgium 
AT 
- 
- 
642 
- 
- 
1,944 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
76 
0 
0 
2,662 
2,662 
- 
1,132 
6,338 
7,469 

Denmark 
DK 
- 
- 
507 
- 
- 
1,917 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
11 
0 
0 
2,435 
2,435 
- 
- 
3,191 
3,191 

BE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
71 
1,358 
- 
- 
- 
- 
23 
435 
0 
94 
1,793 
1,888 
- 
387 
7,361 
7,748 

Petrol (regular) 
Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 
Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 
Total Petrol 

13  Diesel 
14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

Total Diesel 

France 
FR 
- 
- 
- 
- 
10,145 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3,210 
0 
10,145 
3,210 
13,354 
- 
38,461 
1,061 
39,521 

Germany 
DE 
- 
- 
7,548 
- 
- 
20,458 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
824 
0 
0 
28,829 
28,829 
- 
- 
35,524 
35,524 

Greece 
EL 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4,744 
- 
- 
453 
- 
- 
- 
401 
0 
5,197 
401 
5,598 
- 
4,131 
36 
4,167 

ID  Million litres 

Fuel grade 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

Petrol (regular) 
Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 
Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 
Total Petrol 

13  Diesel 
14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

Total Diesel 

Cyprus  Czech Republic 
CZ 
CY 
- 
- 
161 
- 
0 
- 
- 
- 
2,732 
427 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
48 
40 
- 
0 
0 
2,893 
475 
40 
0 
2,933 
475 
- 
- 
4,769 
418 
0 
- 
4,769 
418 

Estonia 
EE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
404 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
56 
0 
0 
459 
459 
- 
201 
246 
447 

Hungary  Latvia 
HU 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,970 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
74 
0 
0 
2,044 
2,044 
- 
- 
2,408 
2,408 

LV 
- 
12 
- 
- 
453 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3 
- 
0 
468 
0 
468 
- 
896 
37 
933 

Lithuania  Malta 
LT 
- 
80 
- 
- 
695 
7 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
18 
0 
775 
25 
799 
- 
1,136 
137 
1,273 

MT 
- 
- 
- 
- 
77 
- 
- 
18 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
95 
0 
95 
- 
110 
- 
110 

EN 

14 

Ireland 
IE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,680 
792 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
1,680 
792 
2,472 
- 
2,558 
645 
3,203 

Poland 
PL 
- 
- 
- 
- 
93 
4,964 
- 
- 
- 
- 
30 
0 
0 
123 
4,964 
5,087 
- 
339 
10,976 
11,316 

Italy 
IT 
- 
- 
- 
- 
13,816 
1,423 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
13,816 
1,423 
15,239 
- 
31,573 
1,982 
33,555 

Slovakia 
SK 
- 
19 
23 
- 
105 
646 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1 
16 
0 
126 
685 
811 
- 
323 
631 
954 

Luxembourg  Netherlands 
LU 
- 
0 
- 
- 
0 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
- 
0 
0 
0 
0 
- 
0 
- 
0 

NL 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,418 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
166 
0 
0 
5,585 
5,585 
- 
- 
7,979 
7,979 

Slovenia 
SI 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
741 
- 
- 
80 
- 
0 
821 
0 
821 
- 
1,366 
- 
1,366 

Bulgaria 
BG 
- 
- 
- 
- 
822 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
822 
0 
822 
- 
2,228 
- 
2,228 

Portugal 
PT 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,845 
- 
- 
- 
305 
0 
1,845 
305 
2,150 
- 
5,491 
317 
5,808 

Romania 
RO 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,070 
227 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
2,070 
227 
2,297 
- 
3,849 
555 
4,404 

Spain 
ES 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7,917 
- 
- 
0 
- 
- 
- 
1,137 
0 
7,917 
1,137 
9,054 
- 
30,773 
0 
30,773 

Sweden 
SE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4,914 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
322 
0 
0 
5,236 
5,236 
- 
- 
4,679 
4,679 

UK 
UK 
- 
- 
- 
- 
22,890 
- 
- 
1,129 
92 
- 
- 
- 
0 
24,019 
92 
24,111 
- 
10,285 
15,216 
25,501 

EU12 

EU12 
EU12  % 
0 
272 
23 
0 
7,473 
8,217 
0 
759 
0 
0 
162 
203 
0 
8,666 
8,443 
17,109 
0 
15,635 
14,991 
30,625 

0.0% 
1.6% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
43.7% 
48.0% 
0.0% 
4.4% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
1.2% 
0.0% 
50.7% 
49.3% 
100.0% 
0.0% 
51.1% 
48.9% 
100.0% 

EU15 
EU15 
0 
0 
8,697 
0 
61,264 
40,498 
0 
3,427 
92 
0 
23 
7,096 
0 
64,714 
56,383 
121,097 
0 
124,790 
86,936 
211,726 

EU 
EU 
0 
272 
8,720 
0 
68,737 
48,715 
0 
4,186 
92 
0 
185 
7,299 
0 
73,380 
64,826 
138,21 
0 
140,42 
101,93 
242,35 

EU15 
% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
7.2% 
0.0% 
50.6% 
33.4% 
0.0% 
2.8% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
5.9% 
0.0% 
53.4% 
46.6% 
100% 
0.0% 
58.9% 
41.1% 
100% 

EU 
% 
0.0% 
0.2% 
6.3% 
0.0% 
49.7% 
35.2% 
0.0% 
3.0% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
5.3% 
0.0% 
53.1% 
46.9% 
100% 
0.0% 
57.9% 
42.1% 
100% 

EN