REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Report on the mid-term evaluation of the «Europe for Citizens» Programme 2007 - 2013
Date: 2011-03-01
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: European Union membership, European citizenship, European identity, action programme, citizens' Europe, promotion of the European idea

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 1.3.2011 
COM(2011) 83 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE 
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE 
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

Report on the mid-term evaluation of the «Europe for Citizens» Programme 2007 - 2013 

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REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE 
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE 
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

Report on the mid-term evaluation of the «Europe for Citizens» Programme 2007 - 2013 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. 

1.1. 

1.2. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

3. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

3.3. 

3.4. 

4. 

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 4 

The Programme............................................................................................................ 4 

The mid-term evaluation .............................................................................................. 6 

MAIN FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION.............................................................. 7 

Relevance ..................................................................................................................... 7 

Overall programme efficiency ..................................................................................... 7 

Overall programme effectiveness, participation and impact........................................ 8 

Sustainability and dissemination of the results ............................................................ 9 

FOLLOW UP OF RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 10 

Achieving stronger understanding and ownership of the EU .................................... 10 

Further improving and adjusting the programme implementation ............................ 10 

Achieving more balanced participation ..................................................................... 11 

Increasing the policy and media impact of activities supported by the programme .. 12 

CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................ 13 

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1. 

INTRODUCTION 

This document presents main findings and recommendations of the mid-term evaluation 
of  the  "Europe  for  Citizens"  Programme  2007-2013,  as  well  as  the  reactions  and 
conclusions of the Commission to these recommendations.  

1.1. 

The Programme 

The EU Action Programme "Europe for Citizens" to promote active European citizenship 
was  established  by  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  in  December  20061.  The 
general objectives of the Programme are: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Giving citizens the opportunity to interact and participate in constructing an ever 
closer  Europe,  which  is  democratic  and  world-oriented,  united  and  enriched 
through its cultural diversity, thus developing citizenship of the European Union. 

Developing  a  sense  of  European  identity,  based  on  common  values,  history  and 
culture. 

Fostering a sense of ownership of the European Union among its citizens. 

Enhancing  tolerance  and  mutual  understanding  between  European  citizens 
respecting  and  promoting  cultural  and  linguistic  diversity,  while  contributing  to 
intercultural dialogue. 

The specific objectives of the "Europe for Citizens" Programme are as follows: 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Bringing  together  people  from  local  communities  across  Europe  to  share  and 
exchange experiences, opinions and values, to learn from history and to build for 
the future. 

Fostering  action,  debate  and  reflection  related  to  European  citizenship  and 
democracy,  shared  values,  common  history  and  culture  through  cooperation 
within civil society organizations at European level.  

Bringing  Europe  closer  to  its  citizens  by  promoting  Europe's  values  and 
achievements, while preserving the memory of its past. 

Encouraging interaction between citizens and civil society organizations from all 
participating countries, contributing to intercultural dialogue and bringing to the 
fore both Europe's diversity and unity, with particular attention to activities aimed 
at  developing  closer  ties  between  citizens  from  Member  States  of  the  European 
Union as constituted on 30 April 2004 and those from Member States which have 
acceded since that date.  

The Programme has a budget of € 215 2 million and is built around four actions: 

1 

DECISION  No  1904/2006/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  12  December 
2006, OJ L 378 of 27.12. 2006, p. 32 

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(a) 

Active citizens for Europe, consisting of:  

•  Town twinning 

•  Citizens' projects and support measures. 

(b) 

Active civil society in Europe, consisting of:  

•  Structural  support  for  European  public  policy  research  organisations  (think-

tanks). 

•  Structural support for civil society organisations at European level 

•  Support for projects initiated by civil society organisations.  

(c) 

Together for Europe, consisting of:  

•  High  visibility  events,  such  as  commemorations,  awards,  artistic  events, 

European-wide conferences. 

•  Studies, surveys and opinion polls. 

•  Information and dissemination tools. 

(d) 

Active European Remembrance, consisting of:  

•  Preservation  of  the  main  sites  and  archives  associated  with  the  deportations 

and the commemoration of the victims. 

Intended outputs of the programme include: 

•  Programmes of activities run by organisations supported by operating grants, 
institutions,  position  papers, 

including  meetings,  dialogue  with  EU 
networking, exchange of good practice and awareness-raising. 

•  Meetings,  education  and  training  programmes  and  tools,  publications, 

dissemination activities organised by civil society organisations. 

•  Meetings between citizens, conferences, information campaigns and training 

events for twinning officers. 

•  High  visibility  events  at  the  EU  level  during  the  respective  Presidencies  of 
the  EU,  studies  in  the  field  of  active  citizenship  (civic  participation)  on 
volunteering, mobility and citizenship. 

"Europe  for  Citizens"  Programme  was  preceded  by  community  action  programme  to 
promote  active  European  Citizenship  (civic  participation)  2004-2006.  The  programme 

2 

Within  the  annual  budgets  the  budgetary  authority  allocated  supplementary  funds  in  2009  (€  3 
million)  and  2010  (€  1.775  million)  and  the  total  budget  of  the  programme  thus  increased  to  € 
219.775 million. 

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which  had  a  budget  of  €  72  million  confirmed 
the  need  to  promote  sustained  dialogue 
with civil society organisations and municipalities and to support the active involvement 
of citizens3.  

The  "Europe  for  Citizens"  programme  covers  the  27  EU  Member  States.  In  addition, 
Croatia  joined  the  programme  in  2007  followed  by  Albania  and  the  Former  Yugoslav 
Republic  of  Macedonia  (FYROM)  in  2009.  The  participation  of  organisations  based  in 
the new Member States increased during the first three years of the implementation of the 
programme. This trend is especially significant in the case of Hungary and Poland. 

The Programme is managed centrally by the European Commission which is assisted by 
the  Education,  Audiovisual  and  Culture  Executive  Agency  (EACEA).  The  European 
Commission  is  in  charge  of  the  strategic  management  of  the  Programme,  including 
the  budget,  guiding  and  monitoring 
setting  priorities  and 
implementation of the Programme and supervising the evaluation. EACEA is responsible 
for  the  management  of  certain  parts  of  the  programme  under  supervision  from  the 
Commission,  i.e.  through  carrying  out  the  operations  linked  to  the  award  of  grants, 
gathering,  analysing  and  passing  on  to  the  Commission  all  the  information  needed  to 
guide the implementation of Europe for Citizens Programme.4 

targets,  managing 

In  addition,  National  Contact  Points5  were  established  in  the  majority  of  participating 
countries. The task of the National Contact Points is to disseminate information about the 
Europe  for  Citizens  programme  to  a  broad  spectrum  of  prospective  beneficiaries,  to 
provide  support  to  project  applicants  and  to  follow  developments  in  the  area  of  active 
citizenship at the national level and communicate them to the European Commission.  

1.2. 

The mid-term evaluation 

The mid-term evaluation was carried out by the Commission with the support of external 
experts6. The overall aims and objectives of the evaluation were: 

1. 

2. 

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5 

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To  provide  an  overview  of  the  results  obtained  in  the  first  three  years  of  the 
programme; 

To  provide  an  assessment  of  qualitative  and  quantitative  aspects  of  the 
implementation; and 

is 

on 

the 

internet 

available 

following 

Citizenship 

The full report of the external evaluation of the community action programme to promote active 
European 
site: 
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/evalreports/index_en.htm#civilsocietyHeader 
COMMISSION DECISION of 20 April 2009 setting up the Education, Audiovisual and Culture 
Executive  Agency  for  the  management  of  Community  action  in  the  fields  of  education, 
audiovisual  and  culture  in  application  of  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  58/2003,  (2009/336/EC), 
OJ L 101 of 21.04. 2009, p. 26 
In  2009  and  2010  17  Member  States  established  their  Europe  for  Citizens  Points  and  requested 
financial support from the European Commission. 5 other countries provided services of Europe 
for Citizens Points on an ad hoc basis without requesting financial support. An effort is made to 
establish  Europe  for  Citizens  Points  in  all  countries  participating  in  the  Programme.  A  list  of 
existing  Europe  for  Citizens  Points  can  be  accessed  at:  http://ec.europa.eu/citizenship/how-to-
participate/doc714_en.htm 
ECOTEC Research and Consulting Ltd. Please note that as of 04 October 2010 changed its name 
to ECORYS UK Limited. www.ecotec.com 

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3. 

To  provide  recommendations  and  guidance  on  how  implementation  of  the 
remaining years of the programme could be improved.  

The evaluation focused on the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of the programme 
and  its  coherence  with  other  interventions  supporting  the  development  of  active 
European citizenship.  

The  evaluation  was  carried  in  the  course  of  2010  and  based  on  2007,  2008  and  2009 
data7. 

2. 

MAIN FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION 

2.1. 

Relevance 

The mid-term evaluation confirmed the relevance of the Europe for Citizens Programme 
especially in terms of achieving its overarching aim of "giving citizens the opportunity to 
interact  and  participate  in  constructing  an  ever  closer  Europe,  thus  developing 
citizenship of the European Union".  

The activities supported by the Programme have the potential to develop positive impacts 
for  citizens  such  as  an  increased  sense  of  belonging  and  European  identity,  to  create 
changes  in  attitudes  of  programme  participants  towards  other  European  citizens  and  to 
boost their involvement in democratic processes and to increase their knowledge of and 
interest in the European Union and EU institutions. 

The evaluation suggests that there is a potential role for the present Europe for Citizens 
Programme  in  strengthening  the  role  of  citizens  in  the  formulation  of  new  policies  and 
strategies,  such  as  Europe  2020.  This  can  be  achieved  by  aligning  the  Programme 
priorities with the Commission political objectives, getting projects to develop proposals 
that could be testing grounds for new policy initiatives, ensuring a greater dissemination 
of the results of the projects and forging stronger links with other EU programmes and 
initiatives. 

There is a clear added value of the programme in terms of scale and scope of activities 
undertaken  by  organisations  supported  by  the  programme.  The  most  significant  added 
value  of  EU  involvement  seems  to  be  in  influencing  civil  society  sector  capacity  and 
networks that will have an impact on policy process in the future. 

2.2. 

Overall programme efficiency 

The evaluation shows that the demand for the programme remains strong and judged on 
the  numbers  of  submitted  applications  and  the  approval  rate  the  programme  budget  is 
below levels of actual demand. 

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113 operating grants, 366 civil society projects, 141 remembrance projects, 9 innovative actions, 
29 citizens projects, 225 networking of twinned towns projects and 2,927 town-twinning citizens 
meetings. 

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The  evaluation  also  pointed  out  that  there  is  a  considerable  level  of  unmet  demand  for 
actions  and  measures,  such  as  Active  European  Remembrance,  Operating  grants  and 
Mobility Measures. 

The current programme strikes a good balance and achieves good cost-effectiveness by 
means  of  combining  actions  reaching  out  to  small  scale  operators  and  those  which 
support capacity building.  

There  seems  to  be  overall  satisfaction  with  the  implementation  of  the  programme 
including  the  split  of  responsibilities  between  the  European  Commission  and  the 
Education,  Audiovisual  and  Culture  Executive  Agency  (EACEA).  The  share  of 
responsibilities  between  the  Commission  and  the  Executive  Agency  brought  increased 
opportunities for synergy by aligning the application procedures with other programmes 
managed by EACEA, and improved  efficiency in terms of  the handling of applications 
and requests for information from the beneficiaries.  

Concerning  the  Europe  for  Citizens  Points  established  under  the  Europe  for  Citizens 
Programme, the majority of beneficiaries surveyed found their services very useful (77% 
to 78%). The evaluation indicates that there is room for further improvement in terms of 
forging  stronger  links  between  the  Europe  for  Citizens  Points  and  the  network  of 
twinning  coordinators  as  well  as  boosting  the  coverage  and  the  profile  of  Europe  for 
Citizens Points in individual countries.  

As  the  main  points  for  improvement  in  the  Programme  management  the  evaluation 
mentioned  the  need  for  greater  consistency  in  guidelines  and  simplified  forms,  the 
provision  of  application  forms  and  related  materials  well  before  deadlines  and  the 
qualitative feedback provided on applications.  

2.3. 

Overall programme effectiveness, participation and impact  

The  mid-term  evaluation  indicates  that  the  operational  objectives  of  the  Programme 
implementation as well as beneficiaries' expectations of the Programme are being met.  

The  results  of  the  evaluation  provide  evidence  that  the  Programme  reaches  out  to  a 
considerable number of new project promoters – just under one half of projects surveyed. 
The  rate  of  new  applicants  seems  to  be  highest  in  the  remembrance  action  of  the 
Programme (63%) and lower but still significant in town twinning action (around 33%).  

As far as the geographical balance of project promoters is concerned the best represented 
countries  tend  to  be  in  Central  and  Western  parts  of  Europe  and  in  Italy.  The  under-
represented countries seem to be located in Northern as well as in Southern and South-
Eastern  Europe.  It  needs,  however,  to  be  underlined  that  there  is  a  much  broader 
distribution  and  much  more  even  geographical  coverage  when  the  origin  of  project 
partners and the nationality of participants in the projects is also taken into account.  

The evaluation suggests that there is a balanced representation of women and men in the 
programme  activities,  however,  minority  groups,  people  with  disabilities  and 
marginalised groups in general are under-represented.  

The impact of the Programme can be summarized in the following categories: 

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(a) 

Supporting  and  capacity  building  of  civil  society  organisations  and 
movements. 

•  Civil society organisations perform a valuable role as intermediaries between 
public  policy  actors  and  citizens  – 
these 
organisations carry out activities which create significant "multiplier effects" 
by  informing  the  greater  public  about  EU  related  affairs  and  initiating 
informed debate on topical policy issues. 

the  evaluator  noted 

that 

(b) 

Providing impetus to the town twinning movement 

•  The mid-term evaluation indicates that the Programme encouraged potential 
beneficiaries to think more in terms of developing greater thematic coverage 
and establishing links with new themes or policy areas such as environmental 
issues or remembrance. 

(c) 

Positively influencing the scale and volume of activities undertaken by 
the policy research organisations (think-tanks) 

•  The  evaluation  shows  that  funding  provided  by  the  Programme  enabled 
supported  organisations  to  increase  European  focus  of  their  activities, 
develop  partnerships  and  networks  across  the  EU  and  to  reach  out  to 
European audience.  

(d) 

Positive  effects  on  participants  of  activities  supported  by  the 
programme in terms of learning, mutual understanding, identification 
with the EU 

•  The mid-term evaluation gives a strong indication of positive effects on the 
participants  including  making  new  contacts  with  people  across  the  EU, 
developing  new  skills  and  interests  and  becoming  more  involved  in 
organising events or projects at EU level.  

The  evaluation  thus  provides  evidence  of  the  positive  impact  of  the  programme  in  line 
with the programme's objectives. 

2.4. 

Sustainability and dissemination of the results 

The evaluation suggests that the Programme is able to achieve longer-term sustainability 
by  developing  the  capacity  of  civil  society  and  by  encouraging  participants  to  become 
future  actors  and  multipliers.  53%  of  the  participants  surveyed  for  the  purpose  of  the 
mid-term evaluation intended to become involved in organising or promoting events of 
their own and 45% planned to develop ideas for their own events. 

According  to  the  survey  among  beneficiaries  of  the  Programme,  the  main  effect  of 
removing  or  reducing  the  level  of  funding  would  have  negative  results  in  terms  of 
limiting the scale of activities, numbers of participants, a weaker international dimension, 
less networking and mobility. Civil society projects would be less likely to continue. 

As far as the dissemination of results is concerned the evaluation points out that the vast 
majority of project promoters claim to have successfully used a range of communication 

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methods, especially events and different forms of social/interactive media or multimedia 
such as printed publications and DVDs. 

A number of barriers to the wider dissemination was identified; they include the lack of 
specific  funding  for  communications,  the  cost  of  advertising  and  translations,  the  need 
for specialist staff and a relative lack of interest from national media.  

3. 

FOLLOW UP OF RECOMMENDATIONS  

The  recommendations  which  follow  from  the  mid-term  evaluation  can  be  grouped  into 
four major categories. The European Commission is planning to implement appropriate 
actions  to  respond  to  these  recommendations  during  the  remainder  of  the  current 
Programme and take them into account in the preparatory work for the next generation 
Programme. 

3.1. 

Achieving stronger understanding and ownership of the EU 

The mid-term evaluation firstly recommends that the link should be strengthen between 
the  Programme  and  major  societal  issues  and  issues  identified  by  citizens  as  being  of 
direct and current interest. 

Secondly,  the  current  Programme  should  in  the  future  consider  identifying  ways  to 
uphold EU major strategic goals and political priorities such as the Europe 2020 strategy 
and  ensuring  links  with  the  European  Year  of  Voluntary  Activities  Promoting  Active 
Citizenship.  Projects  which  have  strong  links  to  these  EU  priorities  should  be 
encouraged. 

Thirdly,  these  recommendations  should  be  reflected  in  the  role  and  the  function  of  the 
permanent and annual priorities of the Programme. 

The current Programme already allows for increasing the profile of projects focused on 
current  EU  policy  issues.  During  the  selection  process  further  efforts  will  be  made  to 
better  identify  and  support  projects  which  promote  effectively  the  understanding  and 
ownership of the EU.  

When setting the annual focus of the Programme's permanent priorities further attention 
will  be  paid  to  the  existing  political  context.  The  needs  and  interest  expressed  by 
stakeholders  as  well  as  synergies  with  other  similar  EU  supported  programmes  and 
initiatives will be taken into account.  

3.2. 

Further improving and adjusting the programme implementation  

The  recommendations  concerning  the  implementation  of  the  current  Programme  and 
possible adjustments comprise: 

–  Finding  the  appropriate  balance  between  supporting  major  stakeholders  of  structural 
value  and  reaching  out  to  and  supporting  (through  capacity  building)  small-scale 
and/or new participants. 

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–  Increasing  the  level  of  funding  for  the  Active  European  Remembrance  and  Active 

Civil Society Actions. 

–  Addressing  the  balance  of  reaching  out  to  a  significant  number  of  participants  and 

maintaining the quality and innovative content of supported activities. 

–  Monitoring the impact of Europe for Citizens Contact Points and further developing 

their capacity. 

–  Expanding the role of training, capacity building and support for multipliers across all 

measures.  

–  Continuously reviewing of the structure and the content of application forms and their 

simplification whenever possible. 

–  Processing  applications  in  additional  EU  languages  (apart  from  three  EU  working 

languages). 

The  European  Commission  has,  in  cooperation  with  the  Education,  Audiovisual  and 
Culture  Executive  Agency  (ECAEA),  already  made  a  number  of  arrangements  to 
improve  the  implementation  of  the  current  Programme  continuously.  This  includes 
encouraging  regular  feedback  from  beneficiaries  (through  the  Structured  Dialogue  and 
other means) and from the Europe for Citizens Contact Points. The feedback is used with 
a view to adjust and to simplify the Programme implementation. The introduction of flat 
rates for town twinning projects in 2010 is an example for this. 

The  support  measures  were  introduced  in  order  to  increase  the  capacity  building  of 
project  promoters,  especially  in  the  area  of  town  twinning.  Other  beneficiaries  of  the 
Programme, such as civil society organizations, can also benefit from such measures. 

An  eventual  re-balancing  of  the  distribution  of  financial  support,  consistent  with  the 
global envelope of the Programme, currently foreseen in the financial programming for 
2011-2013,  to  the  different  actions  in  the  Europe  for  Citizens  Programme  will  be 
reflected upon and possibly introduced in 2011.  

The  support  to  Europe  for  Citizens  Contact  Points  in  terms  of  training  and  regular 
exchange  of  information  will  also  continue  in  2011.  The  European  Commission  is 
actively  encouraging  all  EU  Members  States  and  countries  participating  in  the 
Programme to establish their Europe for Citizens Contact Points.  

3.3. 

Achieving more balanced participation 

The mid-term evaluation highlights that the origin of lead partners of projects supported 
by the Programme is not equally spread across the European Union. Moreover, projects 
do not reach out to all groups in society in the same manner.  

Measures  addressing  the  geographical  balance  have  already  been  undertaken  and  will 
continue  in  the  future.  These  include  bigger  efforts  to  raise  the  profile  of  Europe  for 
Citizens Programme through the Europe for Citizens Contact Points in countries where 

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less project promoters are located. Moreover, the Commission continues to encourage the 
establishment of a national Contact Point in all participating countries.  

High visibility events, such as Presidency events and the Golden Stars annual award (for 
particularly successful project funded by the Programme), attract further attention to the 
Programme in all participating countries. In addition, during the project selection process 
a  better  geographical  balance  should  be  ensured,  for  example  by  raising  the  qualitative 
threshold  for  the  countries  that  largely  exceed  the  average  participation  rate  in  the 
Programme. 

Concerning the "hard-to-reach" groups, the Europe for Citizens Programme paid special 
attention to the equal participation based on gender, age and disability in the Programme 
activities.  A  special  priority  was  given  to  the  promotion  of  women's  participation  in 
democracy  at  the  local  level.  The  better  involvement  of  "hard-to-reach"  groups  will  be 
approached by sharing lessons and best practices of projects that have been particularly 
successful in this area. Their experiences will be mainstreamed into the Programme as a 
whole.  

3.4. 

Increasing  the  policy  and  media  impact  of  activities  supported  by  the 
programme 

The  mid-term  evaluation  suggests  that  there  is  a  potential  to  be  exploited  in  order  to 
increase the policy impact of the Programme through activities, such as: 

–  Exploiting  the  links  between  local  government  capacity  building  and  town  twinning 

activities supported by the Programme. 

–  Exploring the possibility of organizing events, press meetings, partnerships and round 
thematic  experts  and 
table  discussions  which  bring 
organizations  which  benefit  from  the  Programme  and  their  networks  in  order  to 
explore specific policy issues. 

together  policy-makers, 

–  Ensuring that whenever possible projects assess their impact in the media and on the 

policy-making process.  

–  Forging  stronger  links  with  other  EU  programmes  and  initiatives  such  as  the 
Fundamental  Rights  and  Citizenship  programme,  Youth  in  Action,  Culture,  e-
democracy and e-participation.  

–  Encouraging supported projects to analyze the impact of their dissemination tools. 

–  Developing a more comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of Action 3 "Together 

for Europe" especially the media coverage and impact on the participants. 

The Commission will make efforts to allow for a better analysis and valorisation of the 
impact  of  individual  projects  in  the  final  reports  by  adjusting  the  structure  of  final 
reports.  

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4. 

CONCLUSIONS 

The  evaluation  confirms  the  importance  the  'Europe  for  Citizens'  Programme  for  the 
promotion of civic participation, strengthening the sense of belonging together, tolerance 
and mutual understanding. The programme has so far given 2.8 million European citizens 
and their organizations an opportunity to interact and to participate in the process of the 
European construction, to express their opinions and to feed into the political process. It 
has connected people and local communities from different countries. The evaluation has 
also highlighted the scope for further development.  

The  evaluation  shows  that  the  demand  for  the  programme  is  strong  and  that  the 
programme budget is below levels of actual demand. In order to reach out to prospective 
project promoters and to further strengthen the programme impact, a re-balancing of the 
financial  support  within  the  budget  of  the  current  Programme  should  be  seriously 
considered. 

Should the decision be taken to continue the Programme in the next Multiannual Financial 
Framework, the lessons learned from the mid term evaluation might be integrated into the 
reflections and preparatory work for the 2014-2020 Programme. The mid-term evaluation 
suggests  in  particular  the  need  for  strengthening  the  policy  impact  of  the  Programme. 
The possible next Programme should therefore be more closely linked to the key topics 
on  the  EU  agenda.  It  needs  to  be  coherent  with  a  view  to  improving  European 
governance and to exploit synergies with other EU Programmes and policies.  

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