COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION On the monitoring and reporting of data on the registration of new passenger cars
Date: 2010-11-10
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: approximation of laws, cross-frontier data flow, data transmission, exchange of information, vehicle registration

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 10.11.2010 
COM(2010) 657 final 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 

On the monitoring and reporting of data on the registration of new passenger cars  

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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 

On the monitoring and reporting of data on the registration of new passenger cars  

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

According to Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and  of 
the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars 
as  part  of  the  Community's  integrated  approach  to  reduce  CO2  emissions  from  light-duty 
vehicles,1 Member States must every year record and transmit certain data on new passenger 
cars  to  the  Commission.  That  data  will  be  the  basis  for  determining  the  specific  CO2 
emissions  target  for  manufacturers  of  new  passenger  cars  and  will  also  serve  for  the 
assessment of whether manufacturers comply with those targets. To ensure the consistency of 
the data to be transmitted by the Member States, it is necessary to harmonise the rules on the 
collection  and  reporting  of  that  data  as  far  as  possible.  This  Communication  will,  together 
with  Commission  Regulation  C(2010)7652  on  the  monitoring  and  reporting  of  data  on  the 
registration of new passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council, facilitate the collection, submission and assessment of the data 
by indicating the Commission’s interpretation of the  relevant provisions of Regulation (EC) 
No 443/2009 and by providing guidance to Member States on the data to be provided and the 
format to be used. Further guidance will also be provided on an ad hoc basis. 

2. 

DATA  

2.1 

Data sources 

The main data sources to be used by the Member States to collect the data are the certificates 
of  conformity  or,  where  that  source  is  not  used  for  the  purpose  of  registering  a  vehicle,  the 
type  approval  documentation.  As  the  type  approval  documentation  may  contain  ranges  of 
values,  it  is  necessary  that  the  Member  State  ensures  that  the  data  retrieved  from  the  type 
approval  documentation  are  in  agreement  with  the  data  resulting  from  the  certificate  of 
conformity.  

It  should  be  noted  that  the  registration  certificate  provided  for  in  Council  Directive 
1999/37/EC of 29 April 1999 on the registration documents for vehicles2 may not replace the 
certificate of conformity for the purpose of registering a vehicle. The registration certificate is 
issued only after the vehicle is registered. 

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OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1. 
OJ L 138, 1.6.1999, p. 57 

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2.2 

List of manufacturers  

Data has to be monitored and recorded in relation to a manufacturer. As a result it is important 
that  the  manufacturer  is  clearly  identified3  and  distinguished  from  the  make4.  It  is  however 
clear that as the competent authorities record the name of the manufacturer according to the 
national  denomination  in  the  certificate  of  conformity  or  in  the  type  approval  documents,  a 
variety of both names and spelling occurs.  

In  order  to  harmonize  the  identification  of  the  relevant  manufacturers,  a  common  list  of 
manufacturers'  names  and  respective  WMI  (World  Manufacturer  Identifier)  codes  will  be 
established  and  Member  States  are  to  use  that  list  as  a  basis  for  registration  as  specified  in 
Article  8(2)  of  Regulation  C(2010)7652.  As  Regulation  (EC)  No  443/2009  applies  to 
manufacturers both inside and outside the EU, no differentiation according to the location of 
the  manufacturer  should  be  accepted.  However,  in  accordance  with  Article  7  of  Regulation 
C(2010)7652, an exception shall be made where the data for an individual vehicle is based on 
national type approval of small series or on individual type approval. In those cases, Member 
States  should  not  use  the  manufacturers'  names  but  the  denominations  referred  to  in  that 
Article.  

The  consistent  identification  of  manufacturers  is  also  important  for  pooling  (Article  7  of 
Regulation  (EC)  No  443/2009),  which  allows  manufacturers  to  meet  a  common  specific 
emissions  target.  Since  pooling  may  vary  over  time,  data  should  be  collected  for  all 
manufacturers participating in the pool. The average specific CO2 emission of the pool will be 
calculated for the whole of the EU. 

2.3 

Data requirements  

The competent authorities in the Member States shall report all data in accordance to Annex II 
to Regulation 443/2009. Should any relevant data be missing in the source used as a basis for 
registration, the competent authorities should request manufacturers to complete the dataset. 
The competent authorities are responsible for ensuring that all relevant data are present at the 
time of registration. In the case of vehicles subject to national type approval of small series or 
individual  type  approval,  only  the  number  of  registrations  is  required;  the  remaining 
information can be submitted on a voluntary basis. 

2.4 

Reporting on registration of bi-fuel and flex-fuel vehicle 

The  market  introduction  of  bi-fuel  and  flex-fuel  vehicles  capable  of  running  on  alternative 
fuels, such as sustainable E85, biodiesel or hydrogen in addition to petrol and diesel, needs to 
be closely monitored.  

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Entry 0.5 in the CoC and Article 3(c) of Regulation 443/2009/EC: “manufacturer means the person or 
body  responsible  to  the  approval  authority  for  all  aspects  of  the  EC  type-approval  procedure  in 
accordance with Directive 2007/46/EC and for ensuring conformity of production.” 
Entry 0.1 in the CoC and Annex I of Directive 2007/46/EC “make (trade name of the manufacturer)”. 
Article  2(6)  of  Decision  1753/2000/EC  “make  means  the  trade  name  of  the  manufacturer  and  is  that 
which appears on the certificate of conformity and the type-approval documentation." 

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Regulation  (EC)  No  443/2009  does  not  currently  include  monitoring  of  all  alternative  fuels 
used in such vehicles, inter alia due to CO2 emissions not yet being measured. In the case of 
ethanol fuel (E85) used in bi-fuel vehicles, CO2 emissions are measured, however, it is clear 
that the methodology laid down in Article 6 of that Regulation for taking into account the CO2 
value of that fuel needs to be improved, so as to reflect the actual specific emissions of CO2 of 
such  vehicles.  A  new  methodology  should  therefore  be  designed  through  which  fair 
consideration may be given to the CO2 savings from bi-fuel and flex-fuel vehicles capable of 
running on alternative fuels, such as sustainable E85, biodiesel or hydrogen. The Commission 
will, as part of the review of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 foreseen for January 2013, prepare 
such a methodology for calculating the actual specific emissions of CO2 of flex-fuel and bi-
fuels vehicles. As it cannot be known beforehand which fuel will actually be used by bi-fuel 
and  flex-fuel  vehicles,  the  methodology  will  have  to  take  into  account  both  the  availability 
and the characteristics of the different fuels sold in the Member States.  

Data  on  fuel  sales  will  be  provided  through  the  reporting  under  Directive  98/70/EC  of  the 
European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and 
amending  Council  Directive  93/12/EEC5.  Pending  the  introduction  of  the  methodology, 
Directive  98/70/EC  should  be  adapted  to  allow  Member  States  to  report  sales  data  for 
different  alternative  fuels,  including,  as  a  priority,  harmonized  and  precise  data  on  sales  of 
E85  meeting  the  sustainability  criteria  set  out  in  Directive  2009/28/EC  of  the  European 
Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources 
and  amending  and  subsequently  repealing  Directives  2001/77/EC  and  2003/30/EC6,  and  in 
Directive 98/70/EC. 

3. 

DATA TRANSMISSION 

In  order  to  ensure  timely  and  efficient  communication  between  the  competent  authorities, 
manufacturers  and  the  Commission,  it  is  recommended  that  the  competent  authorities, 
designated in accordance with Article 8(7) of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and responsible 
for the transmission of the data, appoint at least two officials as contact points and inform the 
Commission of their names and contact details. The officials should subscribe to the Central 
Data Repository7. 

For the submission to be considered valid for the purpose of meeting the reporting obligations 
under  Article  8  of  Regulation  (EC)  No  443/2009,  the  Member  State  should  notify  to  the 
Commission when data has been uploaded on Central Data Repository tool by sending an e-
mail to the functional mailbox EC-CO2-LDV-IMPLEMENTATION@ec.europa.eu with copy 
to the functional mailbox CO2-monitoring@eea.europa.eu. The data will be kept in a database 
that  will  be  managed  for  the  Commission  by  the  European  Environment  Agency.  The 
database should be accessible to the public via the Internet. 

In  order  to  ensure  the  timely  availability  of  data  to  manufacturers,  Member  States  may 
transmit the full set of data relating to the first four months of each calendar year as soon as 

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OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58. 
OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16. 
http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/ 

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those data are available in a provisional form. Member States are, in any case, to validate and 
send the complete set of data by 28 of February of each calendar year.  

Where provisional data is submitted in advance of the mandatory deadline, the Commission 
will endeavour to provisionally calculate, and make available to the manufacturers concerned, 
the  number  of  new  passenger  cars  registered  and  their  specific  emissions  of  CO2  in  the 
Member  States.  It  should  be  noted  that  the  Commission  will  not  confirm  these  calculations 
until the date set out in Article 8(5) of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009. 

3.1 

Format 

The data should be transmitted using two separate .xml files, one for the monitoring data and 
one  for  the  full  set  of  data  as  specified  in  Annex  II  to  Commission  Regulation  (EC)  No 
443/2009.  Further  specifications  of  the  .xml  files  will  be  provided  in  the  guidelines  to  be 
published on the Internet. 

3.2 

Verification 

Data and .xml coding can be independently verified by each Member State. However a lay-
out in the form of a text file will be placed on the CIRCA website8 and should be used for 
quality assurance before sending the data for the respective reporting year.  

4. 

CALCULATION OF THE AVERAGE SPECIFIC EMISSIONS 

In order to take into account the phase-in percentages set out in Article 4 of Regulation (EC) 
No 443/2009, for the calculation of the average specific emissions of CO2 for manufacturers, 
including manufacturers referred to in Article 11(1) and Article 11(4) of Regulation (EC) No 
443/2009, it is necessary to select the vehicles according to their specific emissions of CO2. 
Only those vehicles with the lowest emissions up to the relevant percentage set out in Article 
4 will be selected in the calculation of the average specific emissions. 

The specific emissions should, where applicable, be the emissions reduced by the percentage 
set out in Article 6 and the eco-innovation savings approved by the Commission pursuant to 
Article 12 and the detailed rules to be adopted.  

In calculating the average specific emissions of CO2 account must be taken of vehicles falling 
within the category specified in Article 5.  

More  precisely,  when  determining  the  specific  emissions  for  the  purpose  of  calculating  the 
average specific emissions of CO2 for manufacturers, the Commission will apply the relevant 
provisions of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 in the following order: 

Selection of vehicles for the calculation 

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http://circa.europa.eu/Members/irc/env/gge_ldv/library 

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(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

Article 6: for the calendar years up to and including 2015, apply the CO2 reduction 
for the specific emissions of CO2 of the passenger cars capable of running with E85 
fuel if a Member State fulfils the requirements set out in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) 
No 443/2009; 

Article 12, in conjunction with the second subparagraph of Article 13(3): deduct the 
eco-innovation savings certified in accordance with the detailed rules to be adopted 
by the Commission from the specific emissions; 

Article  4:  for  the  calendar  years  up  to  and  including  2014,  sort  the  registrations  of 
new  passenger  cars  by  their  emissions  of  CO2  resulting  from  point  (a)  and  (b)  and 
include in the calculation of the average specific emissions of CO2 only the vehicles 
with the lowest figures up to the percentage indicated in the second subparagraph of 
Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009; 

Calculation of the average specific emissions of CO2  

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

Article 5: for the calendar years up to and including 2015 and for those cars having 
specific emissions of CO2 less than 50 g/km, multiply the specific emission of CO2 in 
those cars by the relevant factor set out in Article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009; 

Article 5: for the calendar years up to and including 2015 and for those cars having 
specific emissions of CO2 less than 50 g/km, multiply the CO2 emission savings from 
innovative  technologies  in  those  cars  by  the  relevant  factor  set  out  in  Article  5  of 
Regulation (EC) No 443/2009; 

Article 12, in conjunction with the second subparagraph of Article 13(3): determine 
eco-innovation savings by calculating the average CO2 savings for a manufacturer on 
the  basis  of  the  savings  specified  in  the  certificate  of  conformity  for  all  selected 
passenger cars attributed to that manufacturer taking into account point (e). Vehicles 
not  fitted  with  any  innovative  technology  will  be  considered  having  0  g/km  CO2 
saving. If the eco-innovation savings exceed the value referred to in Article 12(1) of 
Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, the value set out in Article 12(1) shall apply; 

(g) 

Calculate  the  average  specific  emissions  of  CO2  taking  into  account  point  (d)  and 
subtract the value determined in accordance with point (f). 

For example a manufacturer in the following situation: 

Number of 
registrations 

Specific 
emission of 
CO2 

2 
10 
53 
10 
28 

45 
51 
131 
160 
200 

CO2 emission 
savings from 
innovative 
technologies 
2 
4 
0 
10 
20 

Super-credit 
multiplier in 
2012 

3.5 
1 
1 
1 
1 

Will have an eco-innovation savings in 

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2012 of (2*2*3.5 + 10*4) / (2*3.5 + 10 + 53) = 0.7714  

2013 of (2*2*3.5 + 10*4 + 10*10) / (2*3.5 + 10 + 53 + 10) = 1.925 

While its average specific emissions of CO2 will be in 

2012 of [(2*45*3.5 + 10*51 + 53*131) / 70] - 0.7714 = 110.2 

2013 of [(2*45*3.5 + 10*51 + 53*131 + 10*160) / 80) - 1.925 = 115.175 

4.4 

Calculation of the average mass 

When calculating the average mass for the purpose of determining the specific emission target 
using the formula in Annex I for manufacturers, the Commission will consider all passenger 
cars  without  applying  the  provisions  in  Article  4  and  Article  5  of  the  Regulation  (EC) 
443/2009. 

5. 

POOLING 

According  to  Article  7  of  Regulation  (EC)  No  443/2009  manufacturers  may  form  pools. 
There are two types of pools specified in paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 7. Article 7(5) refers to 
open  pools  that  are  formed  by  any  manufacturer  either  in  or  outside  a  group  of  connected 
undertakings. These pools are open to any other manufacturer wishing to enter the pool if the 
conditions under Article 7(5) are met.  

Pools that are formed by manufacturers belonging to a group of connected undertakings can 
be referred to as closed pools and fall under Article 7(6). Manufacturers belonging to a group 
of connected undertakings will have to meet separate targets, unless they belong to a closed 
pool.  

Manufacturers  must  pursuant  to  Article  9  of  Regulation  C(2010)7652  demonstrate  that  they 
fulfil the conditions for forming a closed pool and should submit that information using the 
functional mailbox EC-CO2-LDV-IMPLEMENTATION@ec.europa.eu. 

The Commission will consider the year in which a pool was notified as the first year in which 
the  pooling  arrangement  is  applicable.  The  last  year  in  which  the  pooling  arrangement  is 
applicable  will  be  the  year  preceding  the  year  in  which  the  termination  of  the  pooling 
arrangement is notified. 

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