COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the  REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS  2009 Annual report from the European Commission on the Instrument for Stability  {COM(2010) 512 final }
Date: 2010-09-28
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: activity report, cooperation policy, development aid, foreign policy, international security

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 28.9.2010 

SEC(2010) 1114 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 

Accompanying the 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE 
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE 
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

2009 Annual report from the European Commission 
on the Instrument for Stability 

{COM(2010) 512 final } 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Stability Instrument Crisis Response - 2007-2009 Overview.....................................................4 

Stability Instrument Crisis Response Global Reach – Overview Map .......................................5 

Stability Instrument Crisis Response Exceptional Assistance Measures adopted 
in 2007 – 2009 Progress reports by Country and Location .......................................................6 

African Union (Addis Ababa)............................................................................................................7 

Afghanistan ..................................................................................................................................... 11 

Armenia ........................................................................................................................................... 14 

Bangladesh...................................................................................................................................... 17 

Bolivia............................................................................................................................................... 19 

Bosnia and Herzegovina................................................................................................................ 22 

Burundi............................................................................................................................................. 25 

Central African Republic ............................................................................................................... 27 

Chad ................................................................................................................................................. 30 

Colombia.......................................................................................................................................... 33 

Comoros........................................................................................................................................... 36 

Cuba ................................................................................................................................................. 39 

Democratic Republic of Congo..................................................................................................... 42 

Fiji ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 

Georgia............................................................................................................................................. 47 

Guinea Bissau ................................................................................................................................. 50 

Haiti .................................................................................................................................................. 52 

Indonesia (Aceh)............................................................................................................................. 54 

Kenya................................................................................................................................................ 56 

Kosovo (under UNSC Resolution 1244 (1999) .......................................................................... 59 

Kyrgyz Republic............................................................................................................................... 61 

Lebanon ........................................................................................................................................... 63 

Madagascar..................................................................................................................................... 67 

Republic of Moldova ...................................................................................................................... 69 

Myanmar (Burma) .......................................................................................................................... 72 

Nepal ................................................................................................................................................ 75 

Nicaragua ........................................................................................................................................ 78 

occupied Palestinian territory ...................................................................................................... 81 

Pakistan........................................................................................................................................... 84 

Peru .................................................................................................................................................. 89 

Philippines ....................................................................................................................................... 91 

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Senegal ............................................................................................................................................ 94 

Sierra Leone .................................................................................................................................... 96 

Solomon Islands ............................................................................................................................. 99 

Somalia..........................................................................................................................................102 

Sri Lanka........................................................................................................................................104 

Sudan .............................................................................................................................................107 

Syria................................................................................................................................................109 

Thailand .........................................................................................................................................113 

Timor-Leste....................................................................................................................................116 

Uganda ...........................................................................................................................................119 

Western Balkans (Regional Actions).........................................................................................122 

Yemen ............................................................................................................................................125 

Zimbabwe ......................................................................................................................................128 

Implementation of Instrument for Stability (IfS) Facilities ....................................................131 

Stability Instrument Article 4.1 and 4.2 Building capacity to address specific 
global and transregional threats -  Progress reports ..............................................................134 

Trans-regional actions in the areas of organised crime, trafficking, protection of 
critical infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight against Terrorism 
(Article 4.1 IfS Regulation)..........................................................................................................135 

Actions in the area of risk mitigation and preparedness relating to chemical, 
nuclear and biological materials or agents - (Article 4.2 IfS Regulation)............................137 

Stability Instrument Article 4.3 Crisis Preparedness - Peacebuilding Partnership 
-  Progress report ..........................................................................................................................139 

Status and Description of individual Projects under the Peacebuilding 
Partnership....................................................................................................................................142 

OVERALL STATUS OF STABILITY INSTRUMENT COMMITMENTS, CONTRACTS 
AND PAYMENTS............................................................................................................................149 

IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2009 DECISIONS AND 
COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTS .......................................151 

IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2008 DECISIONS AND 
COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTSError! Bookmark not defined. 

IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2007 DECISIONS AND 
COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTS .......................................154 

IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2009 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS BY 
COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS...........................................................................................155 

IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2008 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS BY 
COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS...........................................................................................157 

IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2007 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS BY 
COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS...........................................................................................159 

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STABILITY INSTRUMENT CRISIS RESPONSE - 2007-2009 OVERVIEW 

Regions

Countries targeted

Sectors targeted

Africa 

African Union, Burundi, Central 
African Republic, Chad, Comoros, 
Darfur, Democratic Republic of 
Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, 
Madagascar, Senegal, Seychelles, 
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda, 
Zambia, Zimbabwe

SSR, DDR, ESDP flanking measures, 
support to AU peace-building, 
conflict resolution, election 
preparations, transitional justice, 
Post-crisis needs assessments

Southern 
Caucasus & 
Central Asia

Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, 
regional

Elections, CBMs, Rule of Law, Post-
conflict response/ Early recovery, 
Urgent policy advice

Western 
Balkans & 
Eastern Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo 
(under UNSC Resolution 1244 
(1999)), Republic of Moldova, 
Regional

Rule of Law, ICO, UNMIK Pillar IV, 
explosive remnants of war (ERW), 
election preparations, conflict 
resolution, transitional justice

Asia and Pacific

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, 
Fiji, Indonesia (Aceh), Laos, 
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, 
Solomon Islands, Sri 
Lanka,Thailand, Timor-Leste

Rule of Law, transitional justice, 
conflict resolution and 
reconciliation, disaster response, 
elections, SSR, DDR

Latin America & 
Caribbean

Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, 
Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru

Middle East & 
North Africa

Lebanon, Libya, occupied 
Palestinian territory, Syria (Iraqi 
refugees), Yemen, Middle East 
Peace Process

Reconciliation, Rule of Law, 
transitional justice, conflict 
resolution, disaster response, 
elections, post-disaster recovery

SSR, border security, rehabilitation, 
conflict-resolution, support to 
displaced populations, elections, 
post-conflict recovery, international 
tribunal

Adopted 
measures

Funds 
allocated in 
€ million

% of total 
allocated 
funds

               28                85.8   

24.5%

                 9                38.8   

11.1%

               10                51.6   

14.7%

               26                68.6   

19.6%

               11                40.0   

11.4%

               15                61.4   

17.5%

Global facilities

Third Facility for urgent actions involving Policy Advice, Technical 
Assistance, Mediation and Reconciliation for the benefit of third 
countries affected by crisis situations *

                 1                  4.2   

1.2%

Total IfS Crisis Response 2007-2009

         100          350.4    100.0%

* This amount represents the remainder of funds on the facilities yet to be contracted.

Stability Instrument Crisis Response 2007-2009
Allocation of funds per region

Western Balkans & 
Eastern Europe
14.7%

Southern Caucasus 
& Central Asia
11.1%

Asia and Pacific
19.6%

Africa   24,5%

4 

Latin America & 
Caribbean
11.4%
Middle East & North 
Africa
17.5%

Global facilities
1.2%

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Stability Instrument Crisis Response Global Reach – Overview Map 

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STABILITY INSTRUMENT 

CRISIS RESPONSE 

EXCEPTIONAL ASSISTANCE MEASURES 

ADOPTED IN 2007 – 2009 

PROGRESS REPORTS 

BY COUNTRY AND LOCATION 

http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/ifs/index_en.htm 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

AFRICAN UNION (ADDIS ABABA) 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Exceptional Assistance Measure to support the 
African  Union  (AU)  Strategic  Management  and 
Planning Unit (SMPU) for AMISOM 

(2)  EU  Planners  to  support  the  AU's  Strategic 
Planning and Management Unit (SPMU)  

(3) Support to AU election observation missions in 
African countries affected by instability 

Type of measure  Support to Regional Peacebuilding Capacity 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decisions 

(1) October 2007 - (2) March 2009 - (3) May 2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) SPMU Financing € 5,000,000  

Contracted: € 4,907,000 

Paid: € 2,631,966 

(2) EU planners to SPMU 

Contracted: € 1,088,050 

Paid: € 891,325 

(3) IfS 2008/033 – 09/008 

Contracted: € 1,000,000 

Paid: € 400,000 

Start Date of Project 

(1) Dec. 2007 - (2) April 2009 - (3) August 2009 

End Date 

(1) November 2009 - (2) June 2010 - (3) February 2011 

Context of Instability 

The development of the security situation in Somalia by the end of 2007, particularly the withdrawal 
of Ethiopian troops from the African Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), in compliance with the Djibouti 
Agreement, did not allow the EU to delay the deployment of support much further. It was necessary 
to  reinforce  the  planning  capacity  of  the  Strategic  Planning  and  Management  Unit  (SPMU)  as 
expeditiously  as  possible.  Measures  taken  under  the  IfS  should  be  viewed  as  a  signal  of  our 
continued commitment to support the AU as well as an encouragement for the AU to accelerate the 
recruitment of African planners. Furthermore the measures reflected an effort to demonstrate the 
EU’s response capacity and the complementarity between the 1st and 2nd pillar actions. 

Since the new wave of Africa’s democratisation in the early 1990’s, elections have been one of the 
greatest achievements of participation and political inclusiveness in most African countries. At the 
same  time,  over  the  years,  in  a  number  of  countries,  elections  have  lead  to  violence  and  political 
conflicts  aggravating  ethnic  and  communal  fissures,  thus  threatening  social  order  and  economic 
development,  sometimes  of  the  sub-region.  In  the  attempt  to  boost  democratic  practices  and 
enhance  stability  in  Africa,  the  AU  has  invested,  in  recent  past  years,  considerable  efforts  in 
developing  a  wide  range  of  protocols  and  principles  promoting  democracy,  peace  and  stability, 

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including for governing elections in Africa. However, recent resurgence of election-related conflicts in 
previously  stable  environments,  such  as  the  post-election  crisis  in  Kenya  of  December  2007  or  in 
Zimbabwe 2008, acknowledged amongst others the scope for improving the implementation of the 
AU’s  mechanisms  in  order  to  boost  their  efficacy  and  legitimacy  to  prevent,  manage  and  resolve 
electoral conflicts. One of the main tools used by the AU for conflict prevention, management and 
resolution  in  countries  holding  elections,  and  especially  countries  experiencing,  and/or  emerging 
from,  violent  conflicts  are  the  election  observation  and  monitoring  missions  (EOM).  In  observing 
elections, AU missions aim to promote the integrity of the electoral process and the credibility of the 
outcome  by  analysing  the  transparency  of  the  election  process  as  well  as  the  extent  of  the  level 
paying  field  for  key  electoral  stakeholders.  Some  of  the  key  questions  to  be  assessed  include  the 
neutrality  and  impartiality  of  the  election  and  political  authorities  as  well  as  the  security  forces 
during the election process. To secure the capacity of the AUC to deploy effective and professional 
EOMs  in  case  of  arising  crisis  becomes  crucial,  in  order  to  contribute  to  the  pre-emption  and 
mitigation of conflicts during and after the elections at country and sub-regional level.  

Short Description 

The  first  two  actions  pertain  to  a  Capacity  building  programme  financing  the  establishment  and 
functioning during the first eighteen months of a Strategic Planning and Management Unit (SPMU) 
within  the  AU  Commission  Peace  Support  Operations  Division  (PSOD).  The  programme  aimed  to 
strengthen  AU  PSOD  strategic  management,  planning  and  operational  capacity  in  relation  to  its 
Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and to ensure co-ordination of African and international support to the 
Mission and between PSOD, AMISOM and security sector related programming in Somalia through a 
provision  of  staff  and  related  operational  support  to  the  AU  Strategic  Management  and  Planning 
Unit. 

The  overall  objective  of  the  third  action  is  to  contribute  to  prevent  and  mitigate  electoral-related 
conflict in Africa by supporting and facilitating the deployment of African Union Election Observation 
Missions  (EOM)  in  African  countries  affected  by  crisis,  emerging  crisis  or  post-conflict  situations  in 
accordance  with  regional  and  international  election  observation  standards  to  which  the  AU  has 
adhered. 

Activities and State of Play 

On the first two actions, the bulk of programme costs concerned staff costs (including salaries) for 
34 African planners/experts and 26 local support to be recruited by AU. Additionally the programme 
catered  for  the  cost  of  office  rentals  and  the  purchase  of  equipment  (office,  transport, 
communications, etc.) as well as a small external technical assistance. Programme implementation 
has  been  considerably  behind  schedule  and  the  AU  has  found  great  difficulties  in  recruiting  the 
African  planners  foreseen.  To  compensate  for  this  lack  the  AU  resorted  to  the  international 
community and several organisations (UN, EU, NATO) have seconded planners to this unit. In October 
2008, the Commission of the African Union (Department of Peace and Security) submitted a formal 
request  to  the  EU  for  external  staff  support  to  the  SPMU  of  the  PSOD  in  the  areas  of  budget, 
personnel, communications and civil engineering. The Commission recruited 4 planners for the AU 
SPMU  among  candidates  put  forward  by  EU  Member  States.  This  complementary  short  term 
assistance (€ 1.1 million under the PAMF) is provided on the same legal basis as earlier IfS support 
to the SPMU (Article 3(2) (a) and (l) IfS Regulation) in the understanding that this assistance does 
not constitute an operation having military or defence implications.  

The  EU  planners  took  their  posts  in  Addis  Ababa  during  the  month  of  April  2009  and  have  been 
since  providing  their  expertise  to  the  African  Union  in  the  positions  of  civil  engineer,  budget, 

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personnel and communications officers. Their contracts in principle envisaged a period of 8 months, 
but  were  extended  for  a  further  6  months  until  June  2010.  On  the  other  hand,  IfS  funding  of  the 
SPMU came to an end in November 2009 when the African Peace Facility took over the financing of 
this Unit as originally foreseen in the project design. 

As mentioned above, the AU has suffered from important capacity constraints in implementing this 
project which have slowed the full development of the SPMU. To date, SPMU is still far from being a 
strategic planning unit according to European standards but it is generally acknowledged that some 
progress is being made and that our planners play a key role on that. The above developments need 
to be seen against the background of decisions taken in July 2009 at the AU Summit in Sirte which 
called  for  the  integration  of  the  SPMU  into  the  permanent  structures  of  the  AUC  Peace  Support 
Operations Department (PSOD). This is a welcome step, in line with the initial objectives of the EU 
when launching its support to the SPMU, which should contribute to strengthening the AU capacity 
to plan, support and co-ordinate its peace support operations on the African continent. 

The election project has provided €1 million to the “Electoral Assistance Fund” of the Democracy and 
Electoral Assistance Unit (DEAU) within the Department of Political Affairs at AU Commission which is 
entrusted  with  coordinating  and  developing  AU  election  observation  on  the  African  continent.  The 
bulk of the programme addresses travel cost, per diem and other costs made for electoral observers 
such as logistical support for the EOM and it is expected that enable the coverage of a maximum of 
five  elections,  depending  on  other  donor’s  contributions.  So  far,  the  programme  has  contributed  to 
deploy an AU EOM to the legislative elections in Comoros which took place in December 2009. The 
Comoros face a crucial constitutional reform and it was essential to ensure free, fair and transparent 
election to consolidate democratic principles and political stability. The AU EOM was complementary 
to  the  international  support  given  to  the  national  Electoral  Commission  for  the  organisation  of  the 
elections, which included a particular contribution of the IfS. At the end of the implementation period, 
the project will support an expert workshop in light of identifying useful lessons to be learned for the 
further  development  of  a  consistent  methodology  for  comprehensive  and  impartial  AU  election 
observation. The workshop will be developed by the DEAU in collaboration with the Electoral Institute 
of Southern Africa (EISA) which is already supporting the Unit with observers’ training. A strong and 
credible AU election observation capacity will contribute in an important way to uphold the rule of law 
and the democratization process in Africa 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

IfS support to SPMU needs to be seen in the context of the strong EU involvement in the situation in 
Somalia.  A  fully  fledged  EU  naval  operation  to  fight  against  piracy  (NAVFOR  ATALANTA)  was 
launched  in  December  2008  for  a  duration  of  12  months,  and  is  complemented  by  flanking  IfS 
measures  providing  support  to  Kenya  and  Seychelles  to  allow  trial  of  detained  piracy  suspects  in 
those  countries.  A  new  ESDP  mission  providing  training  to  Somali  forces  has  been  deployed  in 
2009. The Commission is also providing important financial support from the African Peace Facility 
(APF) to the  AU peace keeping mission in Somalia. More globally, there are  obvious linkages with 
other capacity building measures being financed by the EU, most notably from the APF, within the 
general framework of the EU-Africa Strategic Partnership. 

The election observation support fits well with the Africa-EU partnership on Democratic Governance 
and Human Rights and is fully linked to the activities of the 2008-2010 action plan in support of the 
African  Charter  on  Democracy,  Elections  and  Governance.  IfS  assistance  is  complementary  to 
international donors’ assistance to AUC, among which EU Member States, and paves the way for a 
more  structured  EU  support  under  longer  term  financial  instruments.  Finally,  the  project  supports 

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the  political  dialogue  with  the  AU  and  the  country  observed,  notably  in  light  of  preventing  conflict 
over electoral outcomes, and complements EU assistance to African elections, i.e. EU EOMs as well 
as specific support to the organisation or domestic monitoring of elections under EDF, EIDHR or IfS. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

AFGHANISTAN 

Title of IfS Decision  Afghanistan – Reform of the Justice Sector 

Type of measure  Peacebuilding Sector – Rule of Law 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

03/04/2007 

Amount(s)  € 2,300,000 

Contracted: € 2,300,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 2,200,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

29/6/2007 

End Date  28/11/2008 

Context of Instability 

The  situation  in  Afghanistan  is  deteriorating  and  poses  a  great  challenge  to  the  international 
community. Progress on political reform, governance and state-building is too slow. The weakness 
of local governments is an obstacle to development. The new government will have an opportunity 
to frame a new agenda and a contract with the Afghan people, and the EU stands ready to assist 
in meeting these challenges. In October 2009 the EU agreed on an Action Plan for strengthening 
EU Action in both Afghanistan and Pakistan, with an immediate focus for Afghanistan on civilian 
reform; 
capacity  building;  strengthening  sub-national  governance;  election 
mechanisms for reintegration of former combatants; and agriculture and rural development. The 
EU  focuses  its  efforts  on  supporting  economic  growth  through  rural  development,  as  well  as 
strengthening  state  capacity  to  promote  good  governance,  the  rule  of  law,  human  rights  and 
efficient public administration at all levels of government.  

review  and 

Short Description 

This programme was developed as a result of a joint European Commission-European Council fact-
finding mission to Afghanistan in September 2006, which also led to police support being pursued 
under the ESDP through the later launch in 2007 of EUPOL Afghanistan. The purpose of this IfS 
project  was  to  provide complementary  urgent  support  to  develop  improved  conditions  of service 
for judges and prosecutors in the Supreme Court and Attorney General’s Office, and to support the 
development of a national legal aid system in the Ministry of Justice.  

The  programme  aimed  to  rapidly  assist  the  Government  of  Afghanistan  in  drawing  up  and 
implementing a reform programme in key justice institutions, the Supreme Court and the Attorney 
General’s Office, covering issues such as recruitment and personnel systems, pay and grading for 
prosecutors, and in the Ministry of Justice, to develop its responsibilities, in particular in putting in 
place  a  new  legal  aid  system,  which  provides  a  nationwide  coverage  of  representation  in  court. 
The  project  also  supported  public  financial  management  in  all  three  institutions,  particularly 

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budget  preparation  and  execution.  An  important  component  of  the  project  was  dedicated  to 
assisting the Afghan Government with the drafting of a National Justice Sector Strategy [“NJSS”] 
and  a  detailed  programme  for  its  implementation,  entitled  the  National  Justice  Programme 
[“NJP”].  Both  documents  were  finalised  in  the  course  of  the  first  half  of  2008  and  are  now 
contained in the Afghanistan National Development Strategy [“ANDS”].  

Activities and State of Play 

IfS  provided  a  team  of  European  specialists,  long  and  short  term,  to  support  the  justice 
institutions,  management  of  the  programme,  and  co-ordination  and  inter-agency  issues.  The 
Ministry  of  Justice  was  assisted  in  designing  a  new  national  strategy  for  legal  aid  and  an 
implementation plan, to set up the nucleus of a Legal Aid Department. Several institutions were 
assisted  in  preparing  annual  budgets  for  presentation  to  the  Ministry  of  Finance;  the  ongoing 
national  civil  service  pay  and  grading  process  was  assessed  and  support  given  on  its 
implementation. Support to the Supreme Court and Prosecutor’s Office included the assessment 
of the existing draft legislation addressing the issues of organisation and pay/grading within the 
judiciary  and  public  prosecution  service.  Plans  for  the  introduction  of  conditions  for  recruitment, 
service, and grading scales, including a plan of phased implementation were developed.  

The project helped the Supreme Court and Attorney-General's Office to prepare and submit their 
applications. The advisors also participated in drafting the legal aid regulation in close cooperation 
with the Ministry of Justice's legislative department (Taquin) and by which the Legal Aid Board was 
created. The regulation was approved by the Council of Ministers in July 2008. In December 2008, 
the EU adopted a € 20 million justice programme that inter-alia included technical assistance for 
continuing these activities in order to provide assistance to effectively implement pay & grading 
(including  the  Central  Prisons  Department,  not  previously  covered  by  IfS),  expertise  on  human 
resource management reform, build the capacity of the Human Resource Departments of all three 
justice institutions and provide continued support to  the Ministry  of Justice to manage legal aid, 
with a particular focus on the Legal Aid Department and the Legal Aid Board.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This programme was an early step within a much wider EU engagement now under way in the rule 
of  law  sector  in  Afghanistan.  The  programme  is  the  precursor  to  the  longer  term  justice 
programme mentioned above, financed from the EU’s national programme for Afghanistan under 
the  Development  Cooperation  Instrument  (DCI),  aimed  at  strengthening  the  rule  of  law  in  the 
country.  As  a  part  of  this  programme, the  EU  is providing a  significant  level  of  funds  to  the  Law 
and Order Trust Fund (LOTFA) for the salaries of the new Afghan National Police. To date (since the 
establishment of the Trust Fund by UNDP in 2002), the EU has channelled some €270.5 million 
(including  support  to  Phase  V  under  the  Annual  Action  Programme  2009)  into  LOTFA,  which  is 
giving  the  EU  significant  leverage  in  discussions  in  Afghanistan  on  policy  strategy  and  reforms. 
Funds are used to refund payments already distributed by the Afghan Ministry of Finance through 
the national core budget, thus enabling the Government to set its own budgetary priorities, gain 
experience in managing financial flow systems and securing ownership.  

The ESDP mission EUPOL Afghanistan is providing training and mentoring of the Afghan National 
Police, with outreach to provinces and support to reforming the Ministry of Interior, which is set in 
the  wider  context  of  the  international  community’s  effort  to  support  Afghans  in  taking 
responsibility for law and order. EU actions in the justice sector are designed to dovetail with the 

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ESDP police mission, especially with regard to the interface between the police and the criminal 
justice system. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

ARMENIA 

Title of IfS Decision  Urgent Policy Advice on Reforms to the 

Government of Armenia (Phase 1) 

Extension  of  Reform  Advisory  Team 
(Phase 2) 

Type of measure  Conflict 

Assistance 

mitigation, 

Technical 

Phase 1: 05/11/2008  

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 
Amount(s)  Phase 1: € 810,000 

Phase 2: 03/09/2009  

Phase 2: € 2,000,000 

Contracted to date: € 810,000 

Contracted to date: € 2,000,000 

Paid to date: € 729,000 

Paid to date: € 1,800,000 

Start Date of Project  Phase 1: 17/11/2008 

End Date  Phase 1: 30/09/2009 

Phase 2: 01/10/2009 

Phase 2: 18/05/2010 

Context of Instability 

Following violent demonstrations and clashes in Yerevan in the aftermath of presidential elections 
on  19  February  2008,  the  Government  of  Armenia  declared  a  temporary  “state  of  emergency”. 
Political  tensions  in  the  country  continued  to  remain  acute.  Against  this  background  the  new 
President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan, expressed to the public his intention to work intensively on 
confidence building in order to stabilise the situation and to reopen a dialogue with the opposition 
as soon as possible. The President asked the EU to provide advisors to support his programme of 
reforms  and  to  ensure  the  continuation  of  the  reform  process  in  line  with  the  EU-Armenian 
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) Action Plan. 

Short Description 

In  response  to  the  Armenian  request,  the  project  was  designed  to  support  key  Armenian 
institutions  (including  the  Legislative,  Executive  and  Judiciary  powers)  in  the  development  and 
implementation of Armenia's own reform agenda, notably through the implementation of the EU-
Armenia ENP Action Plan. The EU Advisory Group provides high level political and technical advice 
necessary  to  design  and  steer  reforms,  advising  also  on  proper  implementation,  in  order  to 
support  Armenian  modernisation  processes  towards  democracy,  good  governance,  rule  of  law, 
and  market  economy.  This  includes  advice  on  reinforcing  democratic  structures,  combating  of 
fraud and corruption and strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, in 
compliance with the international commitments of the Republic of Armenia. The first phase of the 
project  ended  on  30  September  2009.  In  view  of  the  positive  assessment  of  the  project’s 
performance, it was decided that the IfS would support the continuation of the work in the second 
phase of the project until 18 May 2010. This will bring the total project duration to 18 months. In 
the mid-term, the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) is expected to take 
over funding of the project. 

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Activities and State of Play 

By  the  end  2009,  the  project  provided  14  advisers,  allocated  to  the  Presidential  Administration, 
the Prime Minister’s Office, the Parliament, the Human Rights Defender, the Ministries of Finance, 
Economy and Foreign Affairs. There is a possibility of recruiting advisors for other institutions. The 
advisors currently in place focus on :  

Strengthening of democratic institutions: 

•  Support  for  constitutional  reform  of  the  Republic  of  Armenia,  which  provides  better 
separation  of  powers,  independence  of  the  judiciary  and  functioning  of  local  self-
government; 

•  Further reform of the political system in line with actions foreseen in the ENP Action Plan; 

•  Further reform of the judiciary. 

Strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms:  

• 

The adoption of further measures to fully implement actions foreseen under priority 2 of 
the ENP Action Plan; 

•  Supporting  the  Republic  of  Armenia  in  further  developing  the  Human  Rights  Defender 

institution in accordance with relevant European and international standards. 

Good Governance:  

•  Assisting  the  Republic  of  Armenia  in  reforming  public  administration,  enhancing  its 

effectiveness, capacity and efficiency;  

•  Assisting the Republic of Armenia in evaluating and introducing necessary reforms to the 
functioning  of  the  civil  service  system  including  e-government,  introduction  of  an  ethics 
code,  continuing  an  efficient  fight  against  corruption,  strengthening  of  a  unified  and 
transparent system of recruitment and improving educational training for civil servants;  

•  Assisting the Republic of Armenia in the process of reforms of law enforcement bodies in 

line with the Armenian National Security Strategy and the ENP Action Plan. 

Media Environment:  

•  Assisting the Republic of Armenia in promoting pluralism of public media and freedom of 

the media, and promoting a high level of professionalism in the media.  

 Support for economic and social reform, and public finance management: 

•  Complete  necessary  preparations  for  the  recognition  of  market  economy  status,  for 
preparing and concluding a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with 
the EU; make full use of EU offer for trade facilitations; 

•  provide advice in the area of public debt management; 

•  Strengthen the overall administrative capacity of the State Revenue Committee. 

The programme has received positive feedback from Armenian partners. It has allowed increased 
EU visibility in the country and ability to provide policy input to high-level officials. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The EU has agreed an ambitious ENP Action Plan with Armenia. The urgent and limited IfS action 
is  complementary  to  the  EU’s  neighbourhood  policy  (ENP),  as  indicated  by  the  planned 
continuation  of  the  project  with  ENPI  funds.  The  IfS  project  addresses  the  causes  of  internal 

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instability  while  at  the  same  time  supporting  reforms  in  line  with  the  ENP  Action  Plan.  By 
supporting  internal  reform  and  stabilisation  the  project  could  also  have  positive  effects  on  the 
solution  of  wider  regional  conflicts,  such  as  the  dispute  over  Nagorno-Karabakh  and  the  conflict 
with Turkey. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

BANGLADESH 

Title of IfS Decision  Programme  of  Support  for  the  rehabilitation 
of  livelihoods  devastated  by  cyclone  SIDR  in 
Bangladesh 

Type of measure  Post-Disaster Recovery 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

05/06/2008 

Amount(s)  € 13,000,000 

Contracted: € 13,000,000 

Paid: € 11,700,000 

01/06/2008 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date  30/11/2009 

Context of Instability 

EU-Bangladesh relations date back to shortly after Bangladesh's creation as a state in 1971, and 
have evolved over the years, reaching a new level of partnership with the Co-operation Agreement 
of  2001.  This  Agreement  considerably  broadened  the  scope  of  co-operation,  extending  to  trade 
and  economic  development,  human  rights,  good  governance  and  the  environment.  Bangladesh 
ended two years of effectively military rule in December 2008 after largely peaceful and credible 
elections saw the Awami League voted back into office. The elections represented a step towards 
developing a more effective democracy in Bangladesh, but significant challenges still remain for 
South Asia’s poorest country. In the aftermath of the democratic transition, political parties face 
the  ongoing  challenge  of  making  parliament  work.  Bangladesh  is  also  faced  with  several 
challenges  that  should  transcend  partisan  politics  such  as  weak  judicial  and  law  enforcement 
agencies,  ethnic  conflict,  poor  relations  with  regional  neighbours,  poverty,  illiteracy  and  low 
development indicators (particularly for women).  

Short Description 

The  Instrument  for  Stability  (IfS)  programme  in Bangladesh,  adopted  in  2008,  provided  urgently 
needed support for the recovery and rehabilitation of livelihoods in coastal areas severely affected 
by  cyclone  SIDR,  which  struck  Bangladesh  on  15  November  2007.  A  Joint  Damage  Loss  and 
Needs Assessment, also financed through the IfS, estimated the total damages and losses caused 
by  the  cyclone  at  over  €  1.1  billion,  equivalent  to  2.8%  of  Bangladesh's  GDP.  Damage  was 
concentrated  in  the  housing  sector  (50%),  productive  sectors  (30%)  and  public  infrastructure 
(16%). The IfS project provided much needed additional assistance for recovery and rehabilitation 
in the worst hit areas of the country.  

Additionally, following elections on 29th December 2008, peer-to-peer support to the Bangladeshi 
Head  of  Government  and  Opposition  by  an  ex-head  of  government  from  the  Club  of  Madrid  and 

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financed  by  the  IfS  with  the  aim  of  consolidating  democracy  was  discussed,  but  as  the 
Bangladeshi parties pulled back from the proposed activities, this initiative was not implemented. 

Objectives 

The overall objective was to contribute to socio-economic stability in the affected coastal areas of 
southern  Bangladesh  and  ensure  the  effective  linking  of  relief,  rehabilitation  and  development 
(also  known  as  LRRD)  with  earlier  interventions  by  the  European  Commission’s  Directorate-
General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG ECHO).  

In particular, the IfS programme also aimed to rehabilitate livelihoods quickly in coastal areas of 
southern Bangladesh affected by cyclone SIDR.  

Activities and State of Play 

The project covers two components, each one featuring a number of major activities:  

1)  Support to agriculture-based livelihoods rehabilitation:  

2)  Support to non-agriculture-based livelihoods rehabilitation 

The local implementing partner, BRAC, a leading NGO in Bangladesh, carried out its work during 
the  last  seven  months  of  2008.  Project  beneficiaries  were  selected  from  occupational  groups 
affected  by  cyclone  SIDR  using  a  set  of  predefined  criteria  for  each  category  of  beneficiary: 
families  with  female  headed  households,  vulnerable  children,  disabled,  elderly  with  no  income 
earning household members, ethnic minorities and other socially excluded groups are particularly 
targeted. Project implementation was carried out in all 30 upazillas (sub-districts) in nine districts.  

The impact of certain components, such as cows, goats and homestead plantation, will be longer 
term; Medium-term components like rice, vegetables and betel leaf, however, have seen excellent 
impact.  In  many  cases,  the  project  went  beyond  livelihood  rehabilitation  due  to  the  use  of  high-
quality seeds and close technical supervision.  

BRAC  is  coordinating  very  closely  with  the  Government  of  Bangladesh  and  local  authorities  on 
SIDR rehabilitation programmes. There has also been strong support and government presence, 
which  has  been  instrumental  in  mobilising  farmers  to  accept  BRAC  agricultural  initiatives  by 
attending community meetings and providing education.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This action is linked to the relief phase, for which DG ECHO has already provided over € 20 million, 
and  the  longer-term  reconstruction  and  development  of  the  affected  areas.  It  was  designed  to 
support reconstruction, complementing DG ECHO emergency I assistance and linking up with DG 
ECHO disaster preparedness activities (DIPECHO), and EU development support, to reduce future 
risk and improve food security.  

The  EU  Delegation  in  Bangladesh  is  ensuring  complementarity  with  planned  and  ongoing  DG 
ECHO assistance. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

BOLIVIA 

Titles of IfS 
Decisions 

(1)  Comprehensive  Study  on 
Demand of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia; 

the  Legal 

(2)  Promotion  of  political  dialogue  and 
effective 
institutions 
(2009/21873) 

democratic 

Type of measure  Conflict mitigation, conflict resources 

Dates of Adoption 
of IfS Decision 

(1): 15/11/2007 (under the “PAMF” Facility); 

(2) 05/10/2009  

Amount(s) 

(1) € 1,000,000 

Contracted: € 999,953 

Paid: € 905,000 

(2) € 4,000,000 

Contracted: € 3,863,378 

Paid: € 2,931,050 

Start Dates of 
Project 

(1) 01/02/2008  

(2) 01/09/2009  

End Dates 

(1) 31/01/2010  

(2) 31/07/2011 

Context of Instability 

Over  the  past  few  years,  Bolivia  has  lived  through  a  series  of  social,  economic  and  political 
conflicts, resulting in the division of the country into two antagonistic camps. On one side there is 
the movement linked to the Central Government of President Morales (MAS), which is supported 
by mainly the rural, indigenous poor and the lower middle-classes. On the other side there are the 
Eastern  Departments  of  the  so-called  “Media  Luna”,  which  draw  support  primarily  from  the 
business  sector  as  well  as  from  the  non-indigenous  population.  After  his  election  in  2005,  Evo 
Morales became Bolivia’s first indigenous president and embarked on a course to “re-found” the 
country through the drafting of a new constitution.  

This  process  has  driven  the  two  camps  even  further  apart,  at  times  accompanied  by  violent 
demonstrations.  In  the  run-up  to  general  and  local  elections  and  the  subsequent  phase  of 
implementation of the Constitution into secondary legislation, to be approved 180 days after the 
installation of the Assembly, the tensions between the two camps can rapidly increase. However, 
the broad electoral victory of President Morales in the elections of last December seems to have 
brought a period of stability. Nonetheless, the polarisation risks now shifting to the regional level. 
At  the  same  time  the  complex  issue  of  drugs  trafficking  is  complicating  the  already  precarious 
stability of the country.  

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Short Description 

Two programmes under the IfS have been put in place during the last two years in order to help 
prevent conflict and major destabilisation threats.  

The first one, a (1) “Comprehensive Study on the Legal Demand of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia”, was 
decided  in  early  2008  with  the  aim  of  helping  the  authorities  in  framing  an  anti-drug  national 
policy. Its objective is to generate official technical information regarding the characteristics of licit 
consumption,  marketing  and  industrialisation  and  regarding  average  productivity  per  hectare  of 
the coca leaf in order to improve and strengthen Bolivian anti-narcotics policy.  

The second programme, (2) "Promotion of Political Dialogue and Effective Democratic Institutions 
in  Bolivia",  adopted  in  October  2009,  addresses  the  immediate  political  and  institutional 
challenges faced by Bolivia in the run-up to the general and local elections which were held in April 
2010, in order to mitigate social and political conflict. In particular, the programme is designed to 
provide assistance to the organisation of the elections, to the promotion of non-violent dialogue, to 
the legislative reform process and to the fight against drugs.  

The credibility of the whole electoral process and the legitimacy of democratic institutions will be 
put at risk if these issues are not addressed within a short period of time. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1) The Study on the Coca Leaf has completed six of the eight countrywide statistical surveys and 
scientific studies foreseen. The studies have analysed the changes in consumption patterns and 
industrialisation  of  coca  production  in  Bolivia  and  have  generated  information  on  the  ancestral 
and ritual use of coca leaves.  

The study on the traditional and legal coca consumption in households and coca production could 
not  be  completed  under  this  action;  however  its  conclusion  will  be  assured  respectively  by  the 
national Statistical Institute and by other EU cooperation funds.  

The  results  will  be  available  in  the  second  semester  of  2010  and  will  define  the  excess  supply 
which is assumed to be diverted to drugs trafficking. Acceptance of the study's results by relevant 
institutions/government  bodies  and  their  use  for  framing  anti-drug  policy  are  essential  in 
improving the fight against drugs.  

The High-Level Commission created to oversee the process and to facilitate the dialogue with all 
stakeholders  (National  Council  for  the  Fight  against  Illicit  Trafficking  of  Drugs  -  CONALTID)  is 
maintained under the leadership of the External Relations Ministry and is entrusted with finalising 
the comprehensive final report.  

 (2)  “Promotion  of  Political  Dialogue  and  Effective  Democratic  Institutions  in  Bolivia”  began  in 
September  2009  by  supporting  civil  society  electoral-related  interventions  which  work  to 
guarantee transparent and peaceful presidential elections. Complementary to EU Member States' 
contributions, the programme has built on the local observation capacity of “Bolivia Transparente”, 
a  national  consortium  of  eleven  NGOs  which  deployed  around  4,000  domestic  observers  on  the 
presidential election day of 6 December 2009  

The programme has also supported the “Fundación Boliviana para la Democracia multipardiraria” 
which has guaranteed Bolivian citizenry access to comparative and impartial information on the 
electoral programmes of the main candidates.  

Support to the institutional capacity of the Electoral Commission has also been designed, jointly 
with  UNDP,  to  ensure  the  continued  management  of  the  new  biometric  voters'  register  and  the 

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functioning of the Electoral Commission in the run up to the next local elections. These activities 
complement  the  work  done  by  the  EU  Election  Observation  Mission,  the  recommendations  of 
which will feed into the drafting of secondary legislation.  

Regarding  the  promotion  of  dialogue,  agreements  with  the  social  movements  representing 
indigenous populations, workers and peasants, have been concluded serving as the basis for the 
construction of national dialogue. The intra- and interregional dialogue process, which includes the 
resource  rich  regions  of  Santa  Cruz  and  Tarija,  has  been  advanced  with  the  appointment  of 
facilitators accepted by opposing factions. The action to strengthen the role of journalism in the 
promotion  of  stability  has  organised  two  seminars  with  high  level  experts  of  Bolivia  and  the 
Andean region with highly positive results. 

Finally, thanks to specific EU support in the fight against drugs, the UN Office for Drugs and Crime 
UNODC) has maintained a limited presence in La Paz which should help drive the dialogue between 
the Government of Bolivia and the international community. All these actions will continue in 2010. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  IfS  action  is  in  line  with  the  EU  strategy  in  the  country  and  is  expected  to  contribute  to  the 
implementation  of  the  three  priority  areas  of  EU  development  cooperation,  namely:  creating 
economic opportunities for decent work, the fight against production and trafficking of drugs, and 
sustainable  management  of  natural  resources.  Recent  political  instability  and  conflict  have 
hampered  progress  in  EU  development  cooperation  with  Bolivia.  The  IfS  initiative  will  not  only 
reduce political conflict and strengthen democratic institutions but also increase the effectiveness 
of  Bolivia’s  public  administration  through  the  clarification  of  its  legal  framework.  The  new 
provisions  of  the  constitution  concerning  economic  activities  and  decent  work,  drugs,  water 
management  and  environment,  will  require  secondary  legislation  to  be  implemented,  which  will 
modify  the  framework  in  which  EU  cooperation  functions.  The  activities  relating  to  the  fight 
against drugs trafficking complement the programmes under regular EU cooperation funds. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Explosive Remnants of War  

(2) Explosive Remnants of War, phase 2 

Type of measure  Post-Conflict Recovery 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 24 June 2008 

(2) 16 November 2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 2,720,000 

Contracted: € 2,720,000 

Paid: € 2,448,000 

(2) € 2,086,000 

Contracted: € 2,086,000 

Paid: € 0 

(1) 1 July 2008 

(2) 1 January 2010 

(1) 31 December 2009 

(2) 30 June 2011 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date 

Context of Instability 

Since  the  end  of  the  war  in  1995,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  has made  progress  towards  political 
stability and economic well-being.  

The  country’s  major  concern  at  present  is  its  future  development  and  European  integration,  as 
opposed  to  the  humanitarian  concerns  of  the  late  nineties.  Although  problems  persist,  there  is 
peace  and  stability,  albeit  fragile,  throughout  the  territory.  Tax  and  customs  laws  are  slowly 
leading to a single internal market, the defence and security sectors were significantly reformed in 
2006 and 2007, the country is a member of the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) and it signed 
the  Stabilisation  and  Association  Agreement  with  the  European  Union  on  the  16th  June  2008. 
Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  became  a  member  of  the  Central  European  Free  Trade  Agreement  in 
December 2006.  

In this context, one of the toughest challenges facing Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most 
enduring  and  threatening  legacies  of  the  1992-1995  war  is  the  wide  presence  of  Explosive 
Remnants  of  War  (ERW)  as  there  is  limited  capacity  of  the  armed  forces  to  adequately  finance 
and  guard  ammunition  storage  sites.  The  presence  of  ERW  slows  down  security  sector  reform, 
introduces an element of instability into the political system and is an impediment to economic 
development in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  

Short Description 

In  June  2008,  after  the  adoption  of  the  revision  of  the  Small  Arms  and  Light  Weapons  (SALW) 
National  Strategy  2008-2012,  the  Commission  adopted  a  first  IfS  programme  addressing  the 

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threats posed by ERW in Bosnia and Herzegovina for an amount of €2.72 million. The programme 
was completed by the end of 2009. 

However,  given  the  dimension  of  the  problem  and  the  volume  of  ERW  to  be  destroyed,  a  new 
follow-up  Interim  Response  Programme  has  been  adopted  for  an  additional  18  months.  Both 
programmes  support  the  reinforcement  of  the  state  institutions  dealing  with  ERWs  and  the 
destruction of remaining ERW by: 

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

upgrading the ammunition disposal capacities;  

proceeding  with  environmentally  friendly 
ammunition and explosives (up to 8,000 tons of ammunition);  

industrial  demilitarisation  operations  for 

reducing  the  ammunition  storage  and  safeguarding  requirements  of  the  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina armed forces in support of defence reforms and completion of the transition 
of personnel.  

From  2010,  the  support  will  moreover  build  up  Disaster  Management  capacities  of  the  country. 
The projects are implemented in partnership with UNDP.  

Activities and State of Play 

To date, demilitarisation activities are ongoing and over 4,000 tonnes of ammunition have been 
destroyed. The project has provided highly specialised equipment for the industrial processing of 
ammunition  through  energy  saving  and  recycling  processes  (Autoclave  machine,  High  Pressure 
Water Flush machine, and Ammunition Disassembly/Pull-Apart machine) which has speeded up 
the destruction of ammunitions and increased the safety of personnel and local populations living 
in  the  affected  areas  .  The  infrastructure  is  being  upgraded  and  improved  to  dispose  of 
ammunition  in  line  with  EU  safety  regulations  and  NATO  standards  related  to  destruction  and 
storage  processes.  This  assistance  will  result  in  increased  capacities  for  demilitarisation  from 
3,300  tonnes  to  6,700  tonnes  per  annum  and  less  time  needed  to  dispose  of  surplus  and 
unstable ammunition.  

In  addition,  the  action  has  continued  to  support  the  Ministry  of  Security  in  the  process  of 
harmonisation,  aligning  of  laws  with  EU  Directives  and  their  implementation.  The  Bosnia  and 
Herzegovina  Parliament  has  adopted  the  state  Law  on  Control  of  Movement  of  Weapons  and 
Military Equipment that entails the transfer of authority and ownership from the EU Force (EUFOR) 
to  the  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  Government  regarding  the  control  of  movement  of  weapons  and 
military equipment in line with the EU Code of Conduct and related Directives.  

Finally, the project has organised the second annual workshop on SALW and ammunition jointly 
with  the  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  Parliament  Assembly  on  28-30  October  2009  which  gathered 
members of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliament, representatives of the Presidency, ministers, 
and  representatives  of  international  organisations  and  which  provided  an  overall  review  of  the 
progress  made  in  the  implementation  of  the  strategy  including  the  implementation  of:  the 
Agreement for Transfer of military titles, the Small Arms Control Project, the harmonisation of the 
SALW legislation with EU Directives and the Integrated Border Management Strategy. The annual 
workshops  provide  a  unique  platform  of  dialogue  and  discussion  between  the  policy  makers 
helping the development of Bosnia and Herzegovina legislation and strategy.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  project  complements  other  EU  activities  financed  under  the  Instrument  for  Pre-accession 

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Assistance (IPA) and the CFSP budget and effectively contributes to wider international efforts to 
stabilise and demilitarise Bosnia and Herzegovina.  

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

Title of IfS Decision  Support 

Transitional Reintegration Process 

BURUNDI 

for 

the  Demobilisation 

and 

Type of measure  Reconciliation, 
Demobilisation 

Reintegration 

and 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

22/07/2009 

Amount(s)  € 4,000,000  

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 4,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 4,000,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

11/12/2009 

End Date  11/06/2011 

Context of Instability 

Since the early 1990s, the Great Lakes region has been embroiled in a series of closely interlinked 
conflicts. In Burundi, the most recent period of violence started in 1993 and concluded with the 
signature of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement in 2000. Democratic elections were 
held in 2005 following the successful conclusion of the political transition process, resulting in the 
election of President Pierre Nkurunziza.  

Despite  these  positive  developments,  a  rebel  group  -  the  Palipehutu-FNL  -  remained  active  and 
hostilities  between  the  Government  and  the  group  continued  even  after  the  signature  of  the 
Comprehensive  Ceasefire  Agreement  in  September  2006.  The  peace  process  has  stalled  since, 
but  considerable  progress  was  achieved  in  the  December  2008  Declaration  of  the  Summit  of 
Heads  of  State  and  Governments  of  the  Great  Lakes  region,  which 
included  renewed 
commitments by the Government of Burundi and the Palipehutu-FNL towards peace.  

One  of  the  main  challenges  for  the  full  implementation  of  this  Agreement  is  the  dismantling, 
reinsertion and reintegration of the FNL combatants and dissidents, which need to be done in the 
run-up of 2010 general elections. In the meanwhile the situation seems to be stabilising. In March 
2009 a Partnership for Peace in Burundi was created. In November the Partnership approved the 
conclusion of the current peace mission and at the end of the year the last South African troops 
protecting  the  FNL  leaders  left.  It  is  now  the  responsibility  of  the  Government  to  ensure  the 
consolidation of the peace process. 

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Short Description 

Against  this  background  and  in  order  to  maintain  peace  in  view  of  the  2010  elections,  it  was 
crucial  to  ensure  immediate  support  to  help  ex-combatants  move  away  from  their  roles  during 
conflict  and  help  them  reintegrate  as  members  of  the  society.  To  that  end,  a  Multi-donor  Trust 
Fund, led by the World Bank, was put in place to provide support to the national demobilisation 
and transitional reintegration process (D&R).  

Activities and State of Play 

The  programme  supports  all  this  and  provides  special  support  to  vulnerable  groups  such  as 
women, children and the disabled. The demobilisation activities started after the official surrender 
of  FNL  weapons  to  the  Burundian  army  on  April  2009  and  terminated  on  10  August  2009.  A 
resettlement  kit  and  personal  orientation  has  been  given  to  all  demobilized  combatants  (5,000 
FNL  ex-combatants  and  1,564  dissidents).  Furthermore,  1,670  people  with  handicap  and  626 
children  have  integrated  a  special  programme.  Activities  for  the  transitional  reintegration  of  the 
former combatants have now started.  

The EU contribution represents around 20% of the total cost of the programme (28 million US$).  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

Dismantling,  reinsertion  and  reintegration  in  Burundi  is  part  of  a  broader  post-conflict  recovery 
programme supported coherently by the international community. UNDP put in place a short-term 
programme  to  demobilise  FNL-sympathisers  (10,000),  thereby  preventing  any  revival  of  the 
rebellion  among  those  not  covered  by  the  DDR  project.  The  process  has  long  term  implications 
and must be accompanied by a successful reform of the security system, area in which Belgium 
and the Netherlands are the lead donors.  

The EU is largely engaged to the peace and development efforts in Burundi. There is an EU Special 
Representative for the Great Lakes who is often in Burundi and aid contributions (mainly from the 
EU  and  EU  Member  States  France,  Belgium,  Germany,  Netherlands  and  United  Kingdom) 
comprises about 70% of the total aid for the country. FNL is now a political party recognised as 
such by the authorities and currently taking part in the campaign of the 2010 elections (starting in 
May at commune level and followed by legislative and presidential elections in June/July).. 

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 IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 

Title of IfS Decisions 

(1) Support to national conciliation and 
prevention of conflict 

(2)  Security  System  Reform  Team  of 
Experts 

(3)  Support  for  measures  to  mitigate 
the social effects of restructuring of the 
armed forces 

Type of measure  Security System Reform 

Date of Adoption 

(1) 07/07/2008; (2) 18/09/2008 (under the “PAMF” Facility); 

(3) 17/12/2008 

(1) € 1,100,000  

Amount(s) 

(3) € 5,150,000 

Contracted: € 1,100,000 

Contracted: € 5,059,850 

Paid: € 731,062 

(2) € 1,500,000 

Paid: € 3,178,673 

Totals: Committed: € 7,850,000 

Contracted: € 1,429,745 

Contracted: € 7,589,595 

Paid: € 1,190,774 

Paid: € 5,100,509 

Start Dates of Projects 

(1) 01/11/2008 - (2) 28/10/2008 - (3) 26/03/2009 

End Dates 

(1) 31/10/2010 - (2) 27/10/2010 - (3) 25/09/2010 

Context of Instability 

The Central African Republic (CAR) is a fragile state, among the poorest countries in the world, in a 
post-conflict situation and bordered by a number of unstable countries including Sudan (Darfur), 
Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Its borders are porous, the authority of State 
power  is  seriously  constrained  outside  the  capital  of  Bangui,  and  its  treasury  is  struggling  to 
address arrears in public employee salaries and other payments. The security and humanitarian 
situation  has  deteriorated  steadily  with  increasing  violence  generated  from  regionally-based 
political  opposition  and  from  banditry  beyond  the  present  control  of  the  Government,  leading  to 
the deployment of peacekeeping missions (EUFOR CHAD till March 2009 which is now replaced by 
MINURCAT and MICOPAX) which help in securing parts of the territory. In 2008, progress towards 
ending  decades  of  conflict  was  made  when  a  Comprehensive  Peace  Agreement  was  signed 
committing two of the main rebel groups to disarm, and in early 2009 a Government of national 
unity  incorporating  rebel  leaders  has  been  established.  In  addition,  the  Government  started  to 
move forward with reforms in the area of the security system and in particular the restructuring of 
the army. Rapid support to democratic consolidation and security sector reform (SSR) is crucial to 
resolve former and ongoing conflicts and prevent new outbreaks of violence, especially in light of 
the 2010 elections.  

Short Description 

Since  2008  the  Commission  has  used  the  IfS  in  Central  African  Republic  to  boost  security  and 
national reconciliation in order to help underpin a sustainable resolution of the crisis. The overall 
objective  of  the  three  projects  put  in  place  is  to  contribute  to  CAR’s  political  stabilisation 

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responding  to  the  protracted  crisis  and  the  post-conflicts  needs  in  the  country.  The  specifics 
objectives are: (1) Support to national conciliation and prevention of conflict - to facilitate national 
conciliation and democratic reforms on the way to the 2010 elections through the empowerment 
of the National Council for Mediation (NCM), which is mandated to be an effective mechanism of 
prevention,  management  and  resolution  of  conflicts  of  all  kinds  and  facilitation  of  good 
governance; (2) Security System Reform Team of Experts – to support the CAR Government at a 
strategic level in the initial phase of implementing the SSR strategy; and (3) Support for measures 
to mitigate the social effects of restructuring of the armed forces - to contribute to kick-start the 
SSR process by facilitating the retirement of a number of ageing army personnel, which will help 
begin the reform of the armed forces foreseen by the military planning law adopted in 2009.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Support to national conciliation and prevention of conflict - Over the last year, this programme 
has  facilitated  the  work  of  the  National  Council  of  Mediation  (NCM)  and  the  fulfilment  of  its 
mandates  as  conciliator  and  ombudsman  by  providing  assistance,  training  and  expertise:  (i)  to 
enhance the strategic framework of the NCM; (ii) to support the NCM to undertake an active role 
for  national  reconciliation,  including  the  equipment  and  the  renovation  of  the  NCM  permanent 
premises;  and  (iii)  to  reinforce  NCM’s  capacity  to  promote  good  governance  by  implementing  a 
complaints system.  

(2) Security System Reform Team of Experts - This project has provided institutional support and 
technical  advice  (5  EU  experts  and  2  UNDP  experts)  to  the  main  ministries  and  institutions 
involved  in  Security  Sector  Reform  as  well  as  support  to  reinforce  donor  coordination  and 
cooperation  in  the  sector.  Five  EU  experts,  including  a  Head  of  Mission,  two  security  experts,  a 
public  finance  expert  and  a  spatial  planning  expert,  and  two  UNDP  experts,  focusing  on 
Governance  and  Justice,  have  been  deployed  to  Bangui  between  October  and  December  2009. 
They have worked closely with the national authorities and have already contributed to enhance 
and  monitor  the 
legal  framework  of  the  reform  and  to  develop  the 
implementation strategy including the establishment of an atlas for the use of the space and the 
constitution  of  a  draft  annual  budged.  A  reviewed  comprehensive  security  strategy  has  been 
presented  to  the  donor  community,  including  projects  focussing  on  strengthening  operational 
capacities, training and ethics and managements.  

institutional  and 

(3) Support for measures to mitigate the social effects of restructuring of the armed forces – This 
measure provides a comprehensive retirement package negotiated with the authorities for army 
personnel qualified for retirement in 2007. Approximately 700 individual dossiers of military and 
police  officers  have  been  validated  and  the  payment  of  the  individual  packages  has  already 
started.  The  intervention  offer  such  personnel  acceptable  and  fair  terms  to  return  to  normal  life 
and  thus  help  the  government  to  launch  the  planned  ethnically  and  regionally  balanced 
recruitment  drive,  as  well  as  the  reintegration  of  ex-combatants  into  the  force,  as  the  army  can 
now recruit 2,500 new soldiers. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The assistance provided under the IfS is a significant part of the EU’s commitment to the peace 
process in Central African Republic. It complements EU support provided by EUFOR CHAD and by 
the  African  Peace  Facility  through  the  Central  African  Multinational  Force  (MICOPAX)  and  EU 
assistance  to  political,  social  and  economic  governance  under  the  development  instruments.  It 

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also paves the way for long-term EU support to the development of the rule of law system and to 
the  disarmament,  demobilisation  and  reintegration  (DDR)  process.  Restructuring  the  army, 
enhancing  the  rule  of  law  and  reintegrating  ex-combatants  is  crucial  for  the  stabilisation  of  the 
country. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

CHAD 

Title of IfS 
Decisions 

(1) Support to the establishment and running 
of the Chadian police ‘Detachment Integré de 
Securité’ 
‘Police 
(previously  known  as 
Tchadienne pour la Protection Humanitaire’ 

(2) Support to the electoral census in Chad. 

Type of measure  Regional Peacebuilding 

Dates of Adoption 
of IfS Decisions 

(1) 06/12/2007 

(2) 14/12/2007 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 10,000,000 

Contracted: € 10,000,000 

Paid to date (31/12/09): € 9,500,000 

(2) € 5,000,000 

Contracted: € 5,000,000 

Paid to date (31/12/09): € 4,500,000 

Totals:  

Committed: € 15,000,000 

Contracted: € 15,000,000  

Paid to date (31/12/09): € 14,000,000 

Start Dates of 
Projects 

(1) 01/01/2008 

(2) 01/01/2008 

End Dates 

(1) 30/12/2009 

(2) 30/12/2009 

Context of Instability 

The deterioration of relations between Chad and Sudan in the broader context of the Darfur crisis 
as well as an internal political crisis in Chad, related in part to governance issues, brought Chad to 
the brink of civil war between 2004 and 2008. 

To  promote  peace  and  security  in  the  region  and  to  encourage  political  dialogue  on  a  national 
level,  the  international  community  adopted  a  consistent  approach.  It  supported  both  the 
implementation  of  a  political  agreement  which  was  reached  on  the  13  August  2007  and  which 
aimed  at  establishing  conditions  conducive  to  transparent  and  credible  elections,  and  the 
deployment of a peacekeeping mission (under Chapter VII of the UN Charter) with the mandate to 
secure  eastern  Chad  which  has  been  hosting  large  numbers  of  refugees  from  Sudan’s  Darfur 
region. This mission was also asked to support the creation and deployment of a specific police 

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unit dedicated to the protection of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). 

Short Description 

(1)  ‘Detachment  Integré  de  Securité’  (initially  known  as  ‘Police  Tchadienne  pour  la  Protection 
Humanitaire’).  UN  Security  Council  Resolution  1778  (2007),  adopted  on  25  September  2007, 
included  provisions  for  the  deployment  of  an  850-strong  Chadian  police  force  in  the  east  of  the 
country,  trained  and  supervised  by  up  to  300  international  policemen  from  the  UN  mission 
MINURCAT. This Chadian police force, known as the Détachement Intégré de Sécurité (DIS), was 
tasked with protecting the Darfuri refugee population in the camps in eastern Chad. Through the 
IfS, the EU took on the bulk of the costs for this task in 2008 and 2009 during the critical phase of 
the training and deployment of the DIS staff members.  

(2) Support to electoral census in Chad: the purpose of this action was to provide IfS support for a 
census linked to the preparation of Parliamentary elections. These elections were foreseen in an 
Agreement  for  the  reinforcement  of  the  democratic  process  in  Chad,  as  signed  between  the 
government of Chad and the opposition on 13 August 2007. An electoral census is also foreseen 
in  a  second  phase,  with  implementation  being  facilitated  by  the  EDF  and  UNDP  as  an 
implementing  partner  for  procurement  issues.  The  census  project  aimed  to  determine  the 
population  of  Chad  and  its  breakdown  by  relevant  criteria  (gender,  regional  distribution,  etc.)  as 
well as to reinforce the national capacity for undertaking elections related activities.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) ‘Detachment Integré de securité (DIS): the project provided for training and equipment as well 
as  infrastructure  for  the  DIS.  It  also  paid  stipends  and  incentives  to  the  Chadian  police  officers 
engaged with the DIS, thus topping up their basic regular income and motivating them while they 
were implementing their activities in a particularly harsh and dangerous environment.  

(2)  Support  to  electoral  census  in  Chad:  this  included  support  for  preparatory  activities,  the 
population census itself and the analysis of the results.  

Support for both IfS financed projects was due to end in mid 2009. However, in view of unforeseen 
delays  during  the  launch  phases  of  the  projects,  it  was  agreed  to  extend  their  duration  by  six 
months until 31 December 2009, when both Agreements were finally closed.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  actions  were  implemented  in  complementarity  with  the  EU’s  EUFOR  military  mission,  and 
then the deployment of the UN force (within the MINURCAT), which aimed at providing a security 
umbrella  for  humanitarian  activities  and  rehabilitation  type  projects  in  eastern  Chad  and  the 
north-east of the Central African Republic.  

Support to the census project in Chad contributed significantly to facilitate the democratic process 
and the political dialogue – before and even after the coup attempt as of February 2008 and the 
arrest  of  prominent  political  leaders  of  opposition  parties.  These  CSDP  and  IfS  crisis  response 
measures,  when  taken  together  with  the  range  of  EU  humanitarian  aid  (through  DG  ECHO)  and 
development  assistance  (European  Development  Fund  (EDF))  measures,  provide  a  very  good 
example  of  a  comprehensive  approach  by  the  EU  and  the  wider  international  community  in 

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response to a very serious regional crisis. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

COLOMBIA 

Title of IfS Decision  Victim  oriented  Assistance  as  a  Contribution 
in 

to  Peace  Building  and  Reconciliation 
Colombia 

Type of measure  Reconciliation,  Regional  Peace  building 

Capacity 

Date of Adoption   06/08/2007 

Amount(s)  € 5,000,000 

Contracted: € 5,000,000 

Paid: € 4,644,203  

25/10/2007 – 22/11/2007 

Start Date of 
Project 
End Date  23/04/2009 – 21/05/2009 

Context of Instability 

The  EU  has  long  been  committed  to  supporting  the  peace  process  in  Colombia  as  well  as  its 
combat against drugs. After 50 years of internal armed conflict and several unsuccessful attempts 
at  negotiating  peace,  Colombia  over  recent  years  has  witnessed  a  significant  improvement  in 
security.  Nonetheless,  the  state  remains  pitted  against  two  guerrilla  organisations,  the  ELN  and 
the FARC, and new right-wing illegal armed groups. Bereft of any meaningful political cause since 
the  end  of  the  Cold  War,  the  ELN  and  FARC  have  become  deeply  involved  in  kidnapping,  drug 
trafficking  and  terrorism.  President  Uribe  has  led  a  negotiated  demobilisation  process  with 
paramilitary  groups,  and  promoted  individual  demobilisation  of  members  of  the  ELN  and  FARC. 
Almost  40.000  armed  individuals  have  demobilised,  but  the  process  has  been  only  partially 
successful and new structures of organized crime and violence have emerged. Victims’ rights have 
been very poorly addressed by the Justice and Peace law, and further progress is needed on this 
sensitive  issue.  On  the  other  hand,  the  serious  human  rights  situation  in  Colombia  continues  to 
have  the  attention  of  the  UN  Human  Rights  system  and  the  international  community.  In  the 
second  half  of  2009  alone,  Colombia  received  visits  from  the  UN  Special  Rapporteurs  on 
extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, on indigenous people, human rights defenders and 
on  the  independence  of  judges  and  lawyers.  Their  conclusions,  whilst  recognizing  efforts  of  the 
Colombian government to improve the human rights situation also identified serious problems to 
prevent human rights violations, and to address wide-spread impunity for human rights violations. 
Altogether the context of instability can be categorised as one of a protracted complex emergency 
where actions as those funded by IfS remain pertinent and necessary.  

Short Description 

The purpose of this IfS Programme was to support the peace building and reconciliation process in 
Colombia  introduced  by  the  controversial  Justice  and  Peace  Law  allowing  former  combatants  of 
the armed conflict to demobilise under favourable criminal law arrangements (transitional justice 
arrangements),  and  their  victims  to  register  for  reparation.  It  sought  to  utilise  the  window  of 

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opportunity in an immediate post-conflict consolidation of a stabilisation process, and to prevent a 
situation  that  -  if  not  properly  addressed  -  could  eventually  pose  a  threat  to  the  protection  of 
human  rights  and  the  rule  of  law  in  midst  of  a  blend  of  continued  armed  conflict  and  a  post-
conflict  situation.  This  programme  specifically  aimed  to  assist  the  victims  of  the  armed  conflict, 
their  families  and  civil  society  organisations,  who  have  suffered  from  human  rights  and 
international humanitarian law violations, in their search for truth, justice and reparation through 
capacity building, legal and psychological assistance, reinforcing social fabric and supporting civil 
society  organisational  development,  providing,  media  and  communication outreach, counselling, 
logistical support and protection activities. 

Activities and State of Play 

The programme was implemented through grant contracts signed with Comisión Colombiana de 
Juristas,  International  Centre  for  Transitional  Justice,  Project  Counselling  Service  and  Intermón 
Oxfam, who are the leading agencies of a network with other 20 partners including some of the 
most  respected  NGOs  in  Colombia.  This  ensured  that  beneficiaries  could  be  reached  across  the 
country  in  almost  every  region.  No-cost  extensions  were  signed  in  May  2009  with  the  four 
implementing partners. The actions were completed between August and October 2009. 

Thematic discussions and a workshop with all beneficiaries (leading agencies and the partners of 
the projects) were organised during the second semester of 2008, in order to provide a common 
forum to put together experiences and design common advocacy and communication strategies; 
two  meetings  with  EU  Heads  of  Missions,  cooperation  agencies  and  political  counsellors  were 
organised in order to present and discuss the IfS programme, its outcomes and future challenges; 
capacity  building  for  a  wide  range  of  stakeholders  is  one  of  the  key  outputs  of  the  Programme. 
Victim  advocacy  and  social  organisations  have  reinforced  their  institutional  capacity,  which 
enables  them  to  better  perform  their  role  to  lead  actions  and  discuss  issues  with  State  and 
government  institutions.  The  programme  also  could  take  advantage  of  windows  of  opportunity 
that could lead to a more efficient and transparent implementation of the Justice and Peace Law, 
such  as  the  still  ongoing  discussion  of  a  new  Law  on  Victims  Rights.  Here,  the  implementing 
organisations  have  been  very  active  in  providing  forum  for  discussion  and  integrating  their 
proposals to improve the legal framework for victims’ rights. Nonetheless, the contracting parties 
have  demonstrated  the  existence  of  objective  and  unforeseen  obstacles  which  hampered  the 
adequate development of the project as initially planned.  

The  main  obstacles  identified  by  all  the  parties  are  on  the  first  hand  threats  and  other  human 
rights  violations  against  organisations  of  victims,  and  those  working  to  support  them,  which 
slowed  down  or  paralysed  activities  temporarily  specially  in  regions  where  the  ongoing  internal 
armed  conflict  an  the  presence  of  new  armed  illegal  groups  is  more  intense;  and,  secondly, 
frequent  changes  in  the  legal  frame  and  its  institutional  implementation  such  as  new  decrees 
related  to  the  ‘Justice  and  Peace  Law’  and  the  extradition  of  the  main  accused  paramilitary 
commanders to the U.S. The implementing parties and their partners in the different projects have 
taken  several  measures  to  adapt  the  activities  to  these  obstacles,  which  explain  why  some 
additional time to implement the full scale of activities in each project has been crucial to reach 
their results and specific objectives. For 2010 the Programme will be closed and final payments 
disbursed. The Programme implementing partners will also produce a joint report with a thorough 
analysis  and  figures  of  the  outcomes  of  his  programme,  as  well  as  their  recommendations  for 
follow-up.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 

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Response 

The IfS programme in Colombia was complementary to the National Indicative Programme (NIP) 
for 2007-2010, which focuses on rule of law support to state institutions. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

COMOROS 

Title of IfS Decision  Financial  support  to  the  preparation  of 
in  the  Union  of 
parliamentary  elections 
Comoros 

Type of measure  Support related to election processes 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

4  November  2009  with  retroactive  effect  (under  the  ‘Third  Facility  for  urgent 
actions 
involving  Policy  Advice,  Technical  Assistance,  Mediation  and 
Reconciliation for the benefit of third countries in crisis situations’) 

Amount(s)  € 1,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 1,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 950,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

14/10/2009 

End Date  13/10/2010 

Context of Instability 

After the separatist crisis in 2007 and military intervention in 2008, Comoros is still considered in 
a  post  crisis  situation.  Comoros  is  in  the  middle  of  a  crucial  constitutional  reform  (including 
legislative elections) which, if it succeeds, can consolidate democratic principles and institutions 
but,  if  it  fails,  could  slide  the  country  towards  instability.  Following  the  Constitutional  revision  of 
May  2009,  Comoros  is  experiencing  many  of  the  problems  of  countries  in  fragile  transition, 
compounded  by  high  public  debt,  high  levels  of  rural  poverty,  isolation  due  to  insularity,  poor 
infrastructure  and  economic  and  energy  vulnerability.  Against  this  background,  the  relations 
between the Union's Government and the three autonomous islands' executives contribute to the 
risks for political instability in the country.  

The  urgency  of  the  intervention  was  linked  to  the  very  tight  electoral  timetable  and  to  tensions 
between  the  Union's  and  Islands'  executives  and  opposition  over  the  implementation  of  the 
constitutional  revision.  Since  April  2009,  neither  the  Union  Parliament  nor  Islands'  assemblies 
have  been  in  place.  The  combined  legislative  elections  (Union  Parliament  and  Islands’ 
assemblies), that were due to take place in early 2009, had been postponed twice, due to lack of 
resources  and  capacity.  The  legislative  elections  that  took  place  in  December  2009  were  an 
important milestone of the whole process. 

Transparent,  well  organised  elections  are  essential  for  the  formation  of  a  credible,  legitimate 
Parliament and to provide a balance of power within the governmental institutions. 

 Short Description 

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The EU gave a positive answer to a request by the Comorian authorities for financial support, by 
providing assistance through a multi donor basket fund managed by UNDP, which provided direct 
support to the Electoral Commission.  

The project supported a wide range of activities in related to the preparation and organization of 
the  elections.  Funding,  which  notably  covered  expertise  and  staff,  procurement  of  Election  Day 
materials  and  logistic  costs,  was  provided  under  the  conditions  that  the  Comorian  electoral 
process would be credible, which included: 

a)  an independent Electoral Commission; 

b)  a credible registration of voters; 

c) 

indelible ink to avoid multiple voting; 

d)  dialogue mechanism set up; 

e)  existing laws and constitutions respected; and finally a credible international observation.  

The project was implemented by the UNDP’s office in the Union of Comoros. 

Activities and State of Play 

The overall aim of the action was to make elections in Comoros not only possible but also more 
transparent and legitimate.  

The  following  issues  were  identified  as  key  to  be  addressed  in  support  of  development 
interventions for the improvement of the electoral process with a view to increase its transparency 
and integrity: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

increased  capacity  of  the  Independent  National  Electoral  Commission  to  better  manage 
elections; 

improved political environment through dialogue mechanism for conflict resolution; 

sensitisation and information campaigns; 

improved  capacity  of  the  Constitutional  court  to  deal  with  electoral  issues,  through 
training,  equipment,  assistance;  enhanced  capacity  at  the  national  level  to  ensure 
transparency  of  the  electoral  process  –  media  and  voter  education,  assistance  to 
institutions and civil society organization; 

increased  gender  dimension  in  the  electoral  processes  –  participation  of  women  in  all 
electoral phases.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The action is complementary to other international community efforts to support the process and 
consolidated international assistance to the UNDP Trust Fund. Some of the few donors present in 
Comoros showed interest in contributing: among them France with € 300,000, the Arab League 
and the African Union with $ 500,000.  

Due to the proximity of the election date at the time of the decision an EU Election Observation 
Mission  (EOM)  was  not  deployed,  however  an  African  Union  EOM  was  funded  under  a  recent  IfS 
financial support measure with the African Union (AU) to facilitate the deployment of AU EOMs in 
African countries affected by crisis, emerging crisis or post conflict situations. 

The European Union supports Comoros’ socio-economic development through the EDF, mainly in 
infrastructure  and  education  sectors  and  more  recently  through  general  budget  support  for 

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countries  experiencing  the  impacts  of  food  and  financial  crises.  Since  Anjouan's  2007/08 
separatist  crisis,  the  EU  is  also  strongly  involved  in  the  reconciliation  process,  along  with  other 
international  partners  under  the  lead  of  the  African  Union.  A  focus  on  good  governance  and 
institutional  capacity  building  is  present  thorough  the  EU’s  interventions  and  approach  in 
Comoros. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

Title of IfS Decision  Programme 

Rehabilitation in Cuba 

CUBA 

in  Support  to  Post-Hurricane 

Type of measure  Post-Disaster Recovery 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

17/03/2009 

Amount(s)  € 7,500,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 7,500,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 3,800,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

April/May 2009 

End Date  October/November 2010 

Context of Instability 

Hurricanes  Gustav,  Ike  and  Paloma,  which  hit  Cuba  between  August  and  November  2008, 
damaged or destroyed over 500.000 houses, made necessary the temporary evacuation of some 
three million Cubans, and caused overall damage and losses estimated at almost USD 10 billion. 
The  hurricanes  also  destroyed  vast  amounts  of  crops,  and  significantly  damaged  notably  the 
agricultural  productive  capacities  throughout  the  country.  This  was  the  case  in  particular  in  the 
provinces of Camaguey, Granma, Holguin, Las Tunas, the Isle of Youth and Pinar del Rio. Following 
the  Council  Conclusions  of  23rd  June  2008  lifting  the  diplomatic  measures  against  Cuba,  EU 
political dialogue with Cuba was re-launched after years of interruption, and EU co-operation with 
Cuba formally resumed in October 2008. EU contribution to post-hurricane rehabilitation in Cuba 
was  therefore  considered  as  both  necessary  in  view  of  the  extent  of  the  damage,  but  also 
particularly  timely  in  the  present  context  of  EU-Cuba  relations,  and  welcomed  by  the  Cuban 
authorities.  

Short Description 

The IfS financing decision adopted in March 2009 aims to support post-hurricane rehabilitation in 
Cuba,  specifically  by  helping  rehabilitate  the  essential  productive  capacities  in  agriculture  in  the 
six worst-affected provinces of Cuba. Such rehabilitation is a vital stage between emergency relief 
programmes (including the already completed ECHO programmes) and longer term development 
programmes  in  the  agricultural  sector  in  Cuba.  This  programme  of  measures  is  being 
implemented  through  grant  contracts  concluded  directly  with  partner  organisations.  Those 
partners consist of four consortia of European NGOs led respectively by Welthungerhilfe, Intermón 
Oxfam, CISP (Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli) and FOS – Solidaridad Socialista. 
Common  local  counterparts  for  all  projects  are  the  Cuban  agricultural  associations  ANAP,  ACPA 
and  ACTAF  as  appropriate.  The  Commission  invited  full  project  proposals  from  these  NGOs  in 
February 2009, following a pre-selection based on project concept notes which they submitted in 
January  2009.  Grant  contracts  with  the  four  operators  were  signed  by  the  EU  Delegation  in  the 
course of April and May 2009. The start of project activities on the ground was delayed by several 

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months due to belated technical endorsement of the projects by the Cuban authorities, which was 
finally  granted  to  all  four  projects  in  the  course  of  September  and  October  2009.  To  take  into 
account this delay, the Commission has approved in principle a 6-month extension of the whole 
programme,  and  will  shortly  be  considering  specific  project  extension  requests  from  those 
operators wishing to avail themselves of this possibility.  

Activities and State of Play 

The Commission worked closely with the Cuban authorities on the design of this interim response 
programme.  It  was  decided  to  focus  the  programme  thematically  (i.e.  on  agriculture  as  the  key 
rehabilitation  priority),  geographically  (i.e.  on  the  six  priority  provinces)  and  in  size  (i.e.  small 
number  of  large  projects).  The  clear  rehabilitation  priority  was  agriculture.  Indeed,  much  of  the 
country’s food production, or indeed of the economic activity in the countryside, depends on small 
and  medium  farms  and  co-operatives  whose  productive  capacities  (buildings,  tools  and 
machinery,  irrigation  systems,  power  supply,  etc)  were  destroyed  or  badly  damaged  during 
hurricanes. The bulk of the programme budget is accordingly being used to rehabilitate those, and 
secondarily  some  adjacent  social  infrastructure  (indeed  village  schools  or clinics,  or  dwellings  of 
agricultural workers, often share buildings with agricultural co-operatives; re-doing irrigation allows 
at  the  same  time  to  re-do  water  and  sanitation  of  these  communities,  etc).  Wherever  possible, 
rehabilitation is done in accordance with good practices of ‘building back better’, mainstreaming 
disaster  risk  reduction  (e.g.  by  introducing  roof  structures  designed  to  better  resist  future 
hurricanes).  Support  in  the  agricultural  sector  is  also  indirectly  helping  pave  the  way  for  future 
reforms of this sector and which is notably being supported under the present and coming EU food 
security programmes. 

Geographically, the six provinces of Camaguey, Granma, Holguin, Las Tunas, the Isle of Youth and 
Pinar  del  Rio  on  which  this  programme  focuses  were  already  generally  identified  as  priority 
provinces  for  reconstruction  by  the  authorities,  and  specifically  in  the  Joint  Declaration  signed 
between  Cuba  and  the  EU  in  November  2008.  Focused  projects  do  not  only  allow  for  achieving 
greater  coherence,  but  also  to  facilitate  co-ordination  with  other  initiatives,  speed  up  the 
programme’s  implementation,  and  account  for  a  greater  ‘critical  mass’  of  each  intervention. 
Implementation through NGOs already active in this sector guarantees expertise, quick start of the 
programme, and high visibility of EU funding.  

 Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  focus  of  the  IfS  programme  on  the  rehabilitation  of  the  agricultural  productive  capacities 
destroyed or damaged by the hurricanes helps ensure the link between the already completed DG 
ECHO-funded  humanitarian  response  to  hurricanes  (two  humanitarian  response  programmes 
totalling  €  4  million  were  adopted  and  executed  by  means  of  11  projects)  and  the  subsequent 
development  projects  designed  at  a  larger  scale  (Food  Facility  &  Food  Security  Thematic 
Programme (FSTP)). Also as regards operators, most IfS partner NGOs were involved in the ECHO 
programme, and most are likely to also be involved under future FSTP calls for proposals. In the 
related area of food security, the Commission signed at the end of June a contribution agreement 
with UNDP for a project named "PALMA" (Spanish acronym for "programme of local support to the 
modernisation of agriculture" in Cuba). This programme is funded for € 11.7 million out of the first 
batch  of  €  1  billion  'Food  Facility'  ad  hoc  instrument,  and  for  €  4.4  million  out  of  the  EU  Food 
Security  thematic  programme  (FSTP).  The  objective  of  PALMA  is  to  decrease  the  country’s 
dependency on imported food, hence reducing the negative effect of food price rises by increasing 

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agricultural  production  through  support  to  cooperatives,  individual  farmers  and  the  related  local 
entities of rural municipalities. In addition to this UNDP-implemented part, a further € 3.6 million 
out of the FSTP programme will be implemented through NGOs, with additional FSTP allocations 
likely in 2010. Clearly the activities of the IfS-funded projects will be closely coordinated with both 
of the above. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 

Title of IfS 
Decision 

 (1) Support for peace & stabilisation 
in eastern DR Congo 

(2)  Establishment  of  an  integrated 
system 
resources 
management  within  the  Congolese 
National Police (PNC) 
Type of measure  Regional  Peacebuilding  capacity  & 

human 

for 

Security Sector Reform 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 20/06/2008 - (2) 16/08/2007 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 10,000,000 

Totals:   

Contracted: by Dec 09, € 9,999,095 

Committed: € 15,000,000 

Paid: by Dec 09, € 5,088,391 

Contracted: € 14,978,758 

(2) € 5,000,000 

Paid: € 9,654,575 

Contracted: by Dec 09, € 4,979,663 

Paid: by Dec 09, € 4,566,184 

(1) various projects from 17/11/2008 

(2) various from 27/02/2008 

(1) various component end dates in 2010  

(2) various, from 19/03/2009 onwards 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date 

Context of Instability 

Tensions  and  conflicts  between  the  Democratic  Republic  of  the  Congo  (DRC)  and  some  of  its 
eastern neighbours have had their roots in both local factors and the region’s history. The DRC and 
its neighbours have made progress along the road to peace and stabilisation since 2002 and this, 
together  with  a  successful  political  transition,  led  to  the  2006  elections.  However,  tensions  still 
remain  in  a  number  of  areas  in  eastern  DRC  despite  encouraging  developments  regarding  the 
rapprochement between the DRC and Rwanda. This rapprochement has been achieved rather on 
the  political  level  than  on  the  level  of  the  population.  Even  if  on  the  one  hand  the  joint 
Rwanda/DRC  military  operation  followed  by  various  operations  against  the  FDLR  rebels  have 
contributed  to  weakening  the  FDLR,  on  the  other  hand  these  operations  have  not  always  been 
accepted by the population due to the high price the latter had to pay. The Ihusi Agreement of 23 
March 2009 marked the rapprochement between the government and ex-military groups. Even if 
the integration of the former armed groups was formally done, their integration into the country's 
political system did not follow. The context remains extremely fragile and could easily deteriorate 
as the root causes of the conflict have not been fully addressed. 

Short Description 

The IfS is supporting a range of security sector and stabilisation related actions in the DRC through 

1)  a € 10 million programme in support of peace and stabilisation in eastern DRC; 

2)  a separate € 5 million Security System Reform (SSR) measure to support the establishment of 

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an  integrated  system  for  human  resources  management  within  the  Police  Nationale 
Congolaise. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Support for peace and stabilisation in eastern DRC: This programme is made up of a cluster of 
four complementary components:  

• 

targeted  policy  and  technical  assistance  in  support  of  ongoing  peace,  stabilisation  and 
reconciliation processes in eastern DRC (implementing partner: International Alert); 

•  promotion  of  confidence-building  measures  between  the  DRC  and  its  eastern  neighbours 
(particularly  Rwanda),  through  supporting  the  relevant  authorities  to  improve  cross-border 
cooperation  on  patrolling  national  parks  straddling  the  borders  of  the  DRC,  Rwanda  and 
Uganda (implementing partner: Africa Conservation Fund); 

• 

• 

support  for  the  deployment  and  establishment  of  Congolese  national  police  in  eastern  DRC 
(financing agreement with the Congolese National Police); 

improvement  of  security  and  access  conditions  for  isolated  or  cut  off  rural  communities 
through the opening up and reinstatement of targeted access roads in the Kivu provinces.  

During  2009,  good  progress  was  made  on  the  improvement  of  the  security  and  access  for  the 
local population through the opening up of rural access roads in Masisi and Rutshuru and in the 
zones of Kamango. The opening up of these routes, in particular the one of Kamango, facilitated 
the redeployment of the administrative authorities and the security forces into these areas. These 
actions have also contributed to the creation of employment through the use of a ‘cash for work’ 
approach.  The  project  with  the  national  park  authorities,  implemented  with  the  ACF,  has 
contributed  not  only  to  cross-border  cooperation  between  different  bodies  but  also  to  the 
weakening of the revenue sources of the FDLR. In fact, the IfS actions facilitated the conduct of 
various  operations  against  the 
illegal  exploitation  of  charcoal.  These  operations  were 
accompanied  by  project  support  for  the  production  and  distribution  of  alternative  sources  of 
energy (briquettes) for the local population. 

(2)  Establishment  of  an  integrated  system  for  Human  Resources  Management  within  the 
Congolese  National  Police  (PNC):  This  action  is  facilitating  urgently  required  police  reform 
activities  aimed  at  improving  the  overall  delivery  of  policing  services  to  the  DRC  population. 
training  and  providing  new  centralised  office 
Project  activities 
accommodation  for  staff  in  the  PNC’s  Human  Resources,  Budget  and  Finance  Directorates  and 
informatics services. 

reorganising, 

include 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

These IfS actions are complementary to other Commission-managed SSR activities under the EDF, 
and  all  of  these  EU  actions  are  implemented  in  close  coordination  with  the  two  civilian  CSDP 
missions  in  the  DRC,  i.e.  EUSEC  and  EUPOL.  (1)  Support  for  peace  &  stabilisation  in  eastern  DR 
Congo: This IfS programme has been contributing to the wider UN ‘Stabilisation Plan’ for eastern 
Congo. Meanwhile, the Commission has implemented significant EU humanitarian aid as well as 
wide  ranging  recovery,  reconstruction  and  development  actions  financed  under  the  European 
Development  Fund  (EDF)  in  eastern  DRC.  (2)  Establishment  of  an  integrated  system  for  Human 
Resources  Management  in  the  Congolese  National  Police:  The  reorganisation  of  the  Congolese 
National  Police  is  based  on  new  human  resource  management  procedures  supported  by  newly 

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developed software which will thereafter enable the centralisation of all data collected nationwide. 
This last activity is to be implemented by IOM with complementary EU funding under the European 
Development Fund (EDF). 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

FIJI 

Title of IfS Decision  Technical Assistance to Electoral Bodies in Fiji 

Type of measure  Support to Electoral Processes/Institutions 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

4 December 2007 (under the “PAMF” Facility) 

Amount(s)  € 730,000 

Contracted: € 276,552  

Paid: € 184,865 

Start Date of 
Project 

09/07/2008 

End Date  31/07/2009 

Context of Instability 

The  Military  coup  in  Fiji  of  5th  December  2006,  which  ousted  a  democratically-elected  civilian 
government,  constituted  from  the  EU  viewpoint  a  clear  breach  of  the  ‘essential  clauses’  of  the 
Cotonou  Agreement.  Upon  proposal  from  the  Commission,  the  Council  agreed  to  partial 
suspension of EDF aid (including on sugar) and to the opening of consultations with Fiji under Art 
96 of the Cotonou Agreement. These consultations culminated in high-level consultations between 
the  interim  Government  and  the  EU  in  Brussels  and  resulted  in  April  2007  in  a  series  of 
commitments on return to democracy, rule of law and respect of human rights agreed to by the 
interim Government. The progress and compliance is monitored by the EU Heads of Missions in Fiji 
and  the  quarterly  progress  reports  submitted  by  the  interim  Government.  In  this  context, 
international  donors  agreed  in  2007  to  provide  technical  assistance  to  Fiji  to  ensure  effective 
preparations  for  and  appropriate  conduct  of  a  free,  fair  and  credible  parliamentary  election  by 
2009. 

Short Description 

To  ensure  the  next  Parliamentary  Election  in  Fiji  is  well  managed,  an  extensive  programme  of 
technical support was put in place by donors to assist and enhance the capacity of the Elections 
Office to carry out its responsibilities. These included among others, a Chief Technical Advisor to 
the Office of the Supervisor of the Elections that the EC was requested by the Interim Government 
to fund. The Chief Technical Advisor was intended to lead the team of advisors and report to the 
Supervisor of Elections. However, the government did not request any other technical assistance 
to be fielded by the donors.  

Activities and State of Play 

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On request of the Supervisor of Elections the EU Chief Technical Advisor defines operations for the 
voter  registration  mechanism  following  the  Census  of  2007,  the  work  of  the  Constituency 
Boundaries  Commission  and  the  voting  process.  The  assistance  delivers  sustainability  to  the 
operations  of  the  Office  of  the  Supervisor  of  Elections,  improves  management  of  elections, 
establishes  terms  of  reference  for  the  staff,  introduce  best  administrative  practices  and  build 
public confidence in the integrity of the electoral system and in the electoral outcomes.  

Following Appeal Court decision on 9 April 2009 ruling that the interim Government was illegal, 
the  interim  Government  stepped  down.  On  10  April  President  abrogated  the  Constitution  and 
appointed  the  interim  Prime  Minister and  Prime  Minister  who in  his  turn  re-appointed  the  same 
Cabinet  and  ministers.  On  1st  July  2009  the  PM  announce  his  Strategic  Framework  for  Change 
which foresees new constitution in 2013 and elections in 2014. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This contract was part of a broader package designed for technical assistance to electoral bodies 
in Fiji: a technical advisor team of three professional staff, comprising a Chief Technical Advisor, a 
Financial  Advisor  and  a  Procurement  Advisor.  This  team  was  to  be  enforced  by  Short-term 
Advisors in specific subjects. The Council Decision of 1st October 2007 on appropriate measures, 
which  underpin  the  Council  Decision  of  18  April  2007,  was  extended  by  6  months  on  29 
September  2009  in  order  to  pave  the  way  for  new  consultations  under  the  Cotonou  Agreement 
Article 96. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

GEORGIA 

Title of IfS 
Decision 

(1)  Multi-track  Dialogue  on 
the 
Human  and  Economic  Dimensions  of 
the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict 

Support 

(2) 
Increased 
Transparency  and  Credibility  of 
Parliamentary and Regional Elections 

for 

Support 

(3) 
the 
Consequences  of  the  Armed  Conflict 
in Georgia 

to  Mitigate 

(4)  Second  Post-Conflict  Support 
Package 

Type of measure  Mediation and Political Dialogue, Support to Regional Elections and Institutions 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1)  22/02/2008  (under  the  “PAMF” 
Facility) 

(3) 05/12/2008 

(4) 22/07/2009 

(2) 05/05/2008 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 414,585 

(3) € 15.000.000 

Contracted: € 414,585 

Contracted: € 14.999.172 

Paid: € 381,743 

(2) € 2,000,000 

Paid: € 13.280.962 

(4) € 14.000.000  

Contracted: € 1,831,560 

Contracted: € 13.999.443 

Paid: € 1,757,100 

Paid: € 7.869.711 

Totals   Committed: € 31,414,585; Contracted: € 30,830,175; Paid: € 23,289,516 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date 

(1) 01/03/2008; (2) 01/04/2008; (3) 15/10/2008; (4) 22/07/2009 

(1) 30/04/2009; (2) 20/03/2010; (3) 15/04/2010; (4) 22/01/2011 

Context of Instability 

Since  the  break-up  of  the  Soviet  Union,  two  unresolved  conflicts,  in  Georgia’s  regions  of  South 
Ossetia  and  Abkhazia,  have  undermined  stability  in  Georgia.  Both  entities  seek  to  break-away 
from Georgia and declare their independence, while they are recognised as part of Georgia by the 
EU  and  most  international  actors.  A  period  of  growing  tensions  in  both  breakaway  regions 
escalated in August 2008, when Georgia engaged in an armed conflict with Russia and separatist 
groups from South Ossetia and Abkhazia.  

After mediation by the French presidency of the European Union, the parties reached a ceasefire 
agreement on 12 August 2008, signed by Georgia on 15 August 2008 in Tbilisi and by Russia on 
16  August  in  Moscow.  After  the  August  2008  war  between  Georgia  and  Russia,  the  break-away 
regions unilaterally declared their independence which was recognised by Russia, Venezuela and 
Nauru. A number of incidents occurred in both conflict zones in the months after the war ended. 
As of 2009 tensions between the two parties of the conflict remain high. 

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Short Description 

(1)  Multi-track  dialogue  on  the  Georgian-Abkhazian  conflict  –  The  project  pursues  confidence-
building  and  common  ground  for  cooperation  through  common  research  activities  into  specific, 
pre-defined areas of mutual interest. 

(2) Support for increased transparency and credibility of elections – The Presidential elections of 5 
January  encountered  some  difficulties,  especially  during  the  vote  count  and  tabulation,  which 
raised questions regarding the credibility of the process. In order to prevent further confrontations 
between  the  opposing  political  parties  during  the  Parliamentary  elections  in  May  2008  and  the 
regional  elections  for  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Autonomous  Republic  of  Adjara  in  summer 
2008,  this  action  aims  to  address  the  main  challenges.  The  project  involves  Georgian  society 
through  extensive  voter  education  and  information  campaigns  (especially  in  remote,  rural  and 
minority  areas)  and  trains  domestic  election  observers  to  independently  monitor  the  conduct  of 
the  elections,  as  well  as  establishing  rapid  reaction  mechanisms  to  address  serious  violations. 
This would help prevent an escalation of the already highly polarised political rhetoric and violence 
which would follow allegations of large scale vote rigging. 

(3)  Support  to  mitigate  the  consequences  of  the  armed  conflict  in  Georgia  -  The  action  aims  at 
supporting IDPs and returnees and integrating them into Georgian society. The armed conflict of 
August 2008 drove more than 100,000 persons from their homes of which most could return to 
their place of origin shortly after the end of the conflict. In the immediate aftermath of the conflict 
the  most  pressing  issue  was  the  accommodation  and  integration  of  these  refugees  and  the  IfS 
intervention addressed this problem. 

(4)  Support  for  confidence  building  measures  and  de-conflicting  –  This  IfS  intervention  tries  to 
address  the  underlying  long-term  causes  of  the  conflict  by  providing  support  to  civil  society 
contacts across the conflict lines, capacity building for civil society, political reform in Georgia and 
confidence building between the conflict parties. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1)  Multi-track  Dialogue  on  the  Georgian-Abkhazian  Conflict  -  The  project  team  organized  the 
cooperation of joint Abkhaz, Georgian and Russian working groups who collaborated to create a 
common  vision  for  confidence  building  measures.  The  project  was  conceived  within  a  strictly 
technical  perspective,  avoiding  debating  any  aspect  of  the  ‘status  question’.  It  focused  on  joint 
interests, rather than different positions. 

(2) Support for increased transparency and credibility of Elections – Activities addressed legal and 
administrative  problems  in  the  pre-election  phase  (especially  auditing  of  voter  lists)  as  well  as 
enhancing the capacities of bodies advising on election day procedures. This included complaints 
and  appeals  procedures,  training  for  election  officials,  an  intensive  voter  information  campaign, 
enhancing the capacity of election monitoring bodies and improving voter awareness throughout 
the  electoral  cycle.  The  programme  was  implemented  within  the  overall  framework  of  EU 
cooperation with non-state actors, the Council of Europe’s office in Georgia and UNDP. 

(3) Support to Mitigate the Consequences of the Armed Conflict in Georgia – This project provided 
shelter  for  IDPs  who  lost  their  homes  after  the  armed  conflict  of  August  2008  (in  particular 
housing  for  the  winter),  support  to  early  recovery  (such  as  training)  and  support  to  civil  society-
state dialogue on IDP issues. 

(4)  Support  for  confidence  building  measures  and  de-conflicting  –  This  second  IfS  post-conflict 
support  package  encouraged  and  supported  dialogue,  research  and  analysis,  helped  to  raise 

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awareness through the use of media and debate. Capacity-building of local civil society and local 
government (e.g. training, management etc.) was also supported in order to improve rehabilitation 
and  development  operations  in  support  of  conflict  affected  people  (e.g.  protection  and  human 
rights, social issues, rule of law, etc.). Other projects addressed local development in an integrated 
and inclusive manner in regions/districts with the presence of old and new IDP to ensure inclusion 
of  both  IDPs  and  host  communities.  Projects  to strengthen  democracy  (including  free  and  fair 
elections), political pluralism and independent media can play an important role in the search for 
a  solution  to  the  conflict  and  will  be  part  of  the  programme.  The  new  package  also 
supported durable housing solutions for the local population and returnees to Gali. It is difficult for 
international actors to intervene in Abkhazia and the IfS is one of the few instruments which can 
provide support to conflict-affected persons living in Abkhazia, including returnees. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The IfS actions in Georgia were developed in cooperation and complementarity with the EUSR and 
the later deployment of the EUMM monitoring mission in October 2008. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

GUINEA BISSAU 

Title of IfS Decision  Technical  Assistance  for  the  Security  Sector 

Reform (SSR) 

Type of measure  Security System Reform 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

02/10/2007 (under the “PAMF” Facility) 

Amount(s)  € 700,000 

Contracted: € 709,263 

Paid: € 608,435  

05/10/2007 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date  15/06/2009 

Context of Instability 

Guinea-Bissau  is  a  fragile  state  which  has  experienced  a  recurrent  cycle  of  political  crises  and 
coups  d’etat,  while  criminal  networks  have  proliferated.  In  the  absence  of  effective  state  and 
security structures, the country has become a transit point for drug trafficking from Latin America 
to Europe.  

Following  the  successful  legislative  elections  of  November  2008,  there  were  some  hopes  for  a 
renewed momentum for  socio-political stability and reforms. But the assassinations of the army 
chief  General  Tagme  Na  Wai  and  President  Nino  Vieira  in  March  2009  has  plunged  the  country 
once again  into  deep  political  uncertainty.  The killings  underscore  the  influence  of  the  military’s 
involvement  in  politics  and  its  profound  implications  for  stability  and  democracy  in  the  country, 
widespread impunity and criminality, along with the collapse of the justice system, pose additional 
challenges.  

Significant efforts are required to effect fundamental changes to the way the country is governed 
and avoid it sliding into further violence and instability.  

Short Description 

In  2006,  the  Government  of  Guinea-Bissau  drafted  a  national  security  sector  reform  strategy  to 
adapt the size and the nature of the security sector to the needs and to the means of the country, 
while improving its competence and its submission to the civilian power.  

In  its  initial  phase,  the  implementation  of  the  strategy  required  addressing  a  number  of  critical 
issues and in 2007 the Government requested  specialised technical assistance to the European 
Union. While long-term support to the demobilisation and reintegration of the former combatants 
was  already  planned  to  be  provided  through  the  European  Development  Fund  (EDF),  it  was 
essential to rapidly deployment of a team of SSR experts so that the reform process could move 

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forward.  In  that  context,  the  IfS  project  provided  a  team  of  three  experts  to  support  the 
Government at strategic level to overcome with the hurdles that exist to move forward the reform, 
to reinforce the monitoring and the donor coordination, and to give advice to the EU in view of its 
future programmes to the sector. 

Activities and State of Play 

The IfS deployed two experts in October 2007 that provided advice to the Defence Minister and to 
the  Committee  for  Technical  Cooperation  until  the  end  2008.  The  third  expert,  specialised  on 
coordination  matters,  joined  the  Team  on  January  2008  and  remained  in  the  country  until  mid-
2009.  During  the  period,  the  three  experts  have  given  advice  and  administrative  support  to 
relevant  officials  and  partners  on  a  daily  basis on  all  matters  related  to  the  SSR  process,  which 
included  legal  reforms,  administrative  management,  preparation  works  for  the  setting  up  of  a 
mechanism for demobilisation and downsizing of security forces.  

The experts were heavily involved in the many operational initiatives, including the completion of 
the  security  forces  census,  helped  preparing  long-term  EDF  programmes  in  support  to  the  SSR 
(Army,  Police)  and  played  a  crucial  role  to  introduce  the  ESDP  mission  (EUSSR)  to  the  local 
authorities  and  other  donors.  Following  the  recommendations  of  the  third  meeting  of  the 
International  “Group  of  Friends  of  Guinea  Bissau”,  on  November  2008,  for  improving  SSR 
coordination at local level, and in order to better coordinate with the expertise just deployed under 
the  EU  long-term  assistance,  the  Commission  decided  to  extend  the  presence  of  the  IfS 
coordinator, initially foreseen for 12 month, for 6 additional months. 

With  the  dissolution  of  the  national  technical  coordination  structure,  this  expert  has  become  a 
natural  facilitator  between  the  international  community  and  the  Secretariat  of  the  Steering 
Committee and has played a key role on the dissemination of the information and of the analysis. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The European Union is totally engaged on SSR in Guinea Bissau. The IfS Team has maintained a 
very constructive technical partnership with the authorities and all the partners, and has supported 
all EU initiatives seeking for a maximum EU coherence and complementarity.  

The  immediate  provision  of  the  Team  has  indeed  helped  preparing  long  term  EU  support  in  the 
areas of Justice and DDR, currently in place, and introducing the SSR ESDP mission, launched on 
16 June 2008, to local authorities. Assistance to EU Member States involved in the reform process 
has also been provided when required. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

HAITI 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Rehabilitation  of 
quartier - Port-au-Prince 

the  Martissant 

(2)  Programme 
democratic electoral process 

in 

support  of 

the 

Type of measure  Reconciliation, Capacity Building, elections

Date of Adoption of IfS 
Decisions 

(1) 22/12/2007; (2) 13/03/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 3,000,000; Contracted: € 2,950,000; Paid: € 1,953,777  

(2) € 3,300,000; Contracted: € 3,300,000; Paid: € 2,665,000 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Start Date of Project 

(1) 15/02/2008; (2) 09/06/2009 

End Date 

(1) 14/08/2009; (2) 09/03/2010 

Context of Instability1 

Haitian progress towards becoming a more democratic and prosperous state since 1986 demise 
of  the  Duvalier  dictatorship  has  been  unsteady.  Instability  and  economic  deterioration  under  a 
parade  of  military  and  civilian  governments,  exacerbated  by  episodic  coup  d'états,  have 
characterised the country's recent history despite considerable international attention. A peaceful 
environment prevailed nonetheless after the election of President René Préval in 2006, supported 
also  by  the  United  Nations  Stabilization  Mission  in  Haiti  (MINUSTAH).  The  Haitian  Government 
crafted  then  a  poverty-reduction  and  economic-growth  strategy  (PRGS)  in  order  to  confront  the 
country’s  dysfunctional  institutions,  poor  governance,  corruption,  crime,  drug  trafficking  and 
environmental vulnerability.  

However,  the  country’s  stability  was  repeatedly  disrupted  in  2008:  soaring  world  prices  for  food 
and  fuel  hit  the  already  extremely  vulnerable  Haitian  population  disproportionately  and  led  to 
social  unrest  and  political  crisis.  Demonstrations  were  contained  by  MINUSTAH,  and  the  Haitian 
Police, but ultimately provoked the ouster of the prime minister and the lack of a government for 
five  months.  Moreover,  in  the  midst  of  this  political  crisis,  4  devastating  hurricanes  severely  hit 
Haiti,  killing  over  800  persons,  and  wreaking  destruction  of  livelihoods  and  infrastructure 
estimated at 15% of GDP. Some analysts called 2008 a ‘lost year’ for Haiti.  

Following the 12 January 2010 earthquake, massive recovery and reconstruction challenges will 
need  to  be  addressed  together  with  continuing  needs  to  reform  governance,  to  consolidate  the 
democratic process (legislative and presidential elections will have to be held), and to create new 
opportunities for economic growth. 

1  This  text  only  covers  developments  until  end-2009.  For  information  on  the  Haiti  earthquake  and 
subsequent  developments,  as  well  as  the  EU  response  to  the  disaster,  please  consult 
http://eeas.europa.eu/haiti/earthquake/index_en.htm. 

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Short Description and State of Play 

(1) Réhabilitation of the Martissant quartier - Port-au-Prince 

Objective(s):  rehabilitation  of  the  Martissant  poor  neighbourhood  in  Port-au-Prince,  exposed  to 
high levels of violence due to the absence in practice of the public authority.  

Activities: Second management committee held in November 2008. Good co-ordinations amongst 
the 3 implementing NGOs.  

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

FOKAL completed a socio-demographic and economic diagnosis along with a study on 
risks and disasters in the area. A participatory process with local organizations around 
the theme of citizenship in the park as from late November 

CONCERN began in mid October 2008, the 3rd phase of its dialogue process 

OXFAM  put  in  place  an  emergency  labour  intensive  programme  of  waste  collection 
from June to August 2008. 

(2) Programme in support of the democratic electoral process 

After the successful 2006 presidential, parliamentary and local elections, Haitian authorities were 
expected to implement new electoral deadlines by the end of 2007, notably the re-election of 1/3 
of the Senate. However, this vote had to be postponed until 2009. 

The  programme  is  a  comprehensive  project  of  support  to  the  senatorial  elections  executed 
through  an  UNDP  Trust  Fund  with  the  technical  partnership  of  MINUSTAH,  UNOPS  and  OAS 
comprising 3 components:  

•  Senatorial Election 2009; 

• 

Technical Assistance to the Electoral Council;  

•  Evaluation of Haiti electoral processes, 2005-2009. 

Many  international  donors,  including  Canada,  USA,  Brazil  and  Germany,  participated  with  their 
pledges, as well as Haiti’s authorities with a US$ 5,500,000 contribution from the national budget. 

The IfS funds constituting 1/3 of overall support were contributed in time for the run-off vote on 
21 June 2009, which provided for the election of 11 out of the 12 vacant Senate posts. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

INDONESIA (ACEH) 

Title of IfS Decision  Support  to  Post-Conflict  Governance  in  Aceh 

Province, Indonesia 

Type of measure  Reconciliation,  Mediation  and  Political 

Dialogue 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

13/10/2008 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Amount(s)  € 3,000,000 

Contracted: € 2,997,688 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 1,559,714 

Start Date of 
Project 

17/11/2008 

End Date  16/09/2010 

Context of Instability 

The year 2005 witnessed the signature on 15 August in Helsinki, Finland, of the Accord between 
the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). With this agreement, which put 
an end to 30 years of conflict, the parties committed themselves to a common vision for a new 
and peaceful future for Aceh based on the principle of decentralised governance within the unitary 
state of Indonesia.  

The  EU  considers  Indonesia  a  priority  country,  given  its  size,  its  geo-political  importance  and  its 
role  in  the  fight  against  the  effects  of  climate  change.  Over  the  past  few  years,  the  EU  and 
Indonesia have intensified their partnership. The EU actively supported these negotiations and the 
Government  of  Indonesia  invited  the  EU  and  five  countries  from  the  Association  of  Southeast 
Asian Nations (ASEAN) to set up the Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM). The AMM 15-month civilian 
crisis management mission tasked to monitor the decommissioning and demobilization of former 
GAM combatants was successfully concluded in December 2006.. Ever since, the EU continues to 
support the peace process beyond the key demobilisation and disarmament phases.  

Short Description 

The  purpose  of  this  project  is  to  contribute  to  safeguarding  stable  and  sustainable  post-conflict 
governance in Aceh, following the signature of the Helsinki Peace Accord of 15 August 2005 and 
Memorandum  of  Understanding,  by  providing  direct  support  to  the  provincial  administration  on 
establishing  the  mechanisms,  and  the  legal  capacity,  to  respond  in  a  timely  manner  to  the 
consultations foreseen in the new special autonomy law (Law on the Governing of Aceh - LoGA).  

Objectives 

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The programme has two objectives, firstly to support the establishment of a legal framework which 
safeguards the legitimate interests of Aceh by adhering to the LoGA, and secondly to provide the 
Governor and other peace-process stakeholders, with expert analysis on the further implementation 
of the process as established in a Memorandum of Understanding. 

Activities and State of Play 

The  start  date  of  the  programme,  with  the  signature  of  a  grant  agreement  on  17th  November 
2008,  and  subsequent  payment  of  an  advance  has  not  left  much  time  for  mobilisation  of 
resources in 2008. Nevertheless a full team was in place by the end of the year. Project advisors, 
embedded  in  the  task  force  located  in  the  Governor's  Office  provide  guidance,  workshops,  and 
short courses on legal research, analysis, policy formulation and mediation strategies.  

In 2009, not all has been smooth, however: populist policies from the majority party in the Aceh 
provincial parliament, such as fixed price agricultural produce, with the hope that the international 
community will cover the financial deficit, are just not reasonable, while some of the more strict 
tenants of Sharia law, and most notably stoning as a punishment, are contrary to the Indonesian 
Constitution.  Given  this  difficult  environment  the  programme  has  continued  to  support  the  legal 
basis.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This action is building on, and further consolidating, the EU support already provided for the Aceh 
peace  process:  Initial  financial  support  to  Crisis  Management  Initiative  (CMI),  which  under  the 
leadership  of  Martti  Ahtisaari,  brokered  the  peace  talks  in  2005,  the  monitoring  of  the  peace 
agreement  through  the  EU-led  Aceh  Monitoring  Mission  (AMM)  in  the  ESDP  framework;  and 
support  to  the  implementation  of  key  provisions  of  the  Memorandum  of  Understanding  through 
the  "Aceh  Peace  Process  Support"  programme,  including  an  election  observation  mission  (EU 
EOM)  in  2006/2007,  and  support  to  the  reintegration  of  GAM  ex-combatants  through  Aid  to 
Uprooted people. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

KENYA 

Title of IfS Decision  EU  assistance  in  support  of  the  trial  and 

related treatment of piracy suspects 

Type of measure  Support to judicial system 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

13 May 2009 

Amount(s)  € 1,750,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 1,750,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 1,400,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

1 May 2009 (retroactive) 

End Date  31 October 2010 

Context of Instability 

Combating piracy along some of the world’s major shipping lanes off the Horn of Africa is a high 
priority for regional countries as well as the wider international community. Apart from the impact 
on the overall security situation, the disruption of trade caused by the piracy crisis is damaging the 
already fragile economies of many developing countries in the region.  

The  EU  is  actively  engaged  in  the  fight  against  piracy  through  the  conduct  of  the  CSDP  naval 
operation  EU-NAVFOR  Atalanta,  which  aims  to  contribute  to  the  protection  of  UN  World  Food 
Programme (WFP) urgent humanitarian deliveries to Somalia as well as to the protection of other 
vulnerable sea vessels and the deterrence, prevention and repression of acts of piracy and armed 
robbery off the Somali coast. In March 2009, the EU concluded an agreement with Kenya to allow 
piracy suspects detained by the Atalanta naval operation to be transferred to Kenya for trial.  

Short Description 

The  Kenyan  authorities  asked  the  EU  for  practical  assistance  to  support  the  country’s  efforts  to 
ensure the trials and related treatment of transferred piracy suspects. Aware of the resource and 
other constraints faced by the Kenyan authorities, and conscious of the critical contribution which 
their  engagement  makes  to  the  overall  international  efforts  to  combat  piracy,  the  EU  agreed  to 
provide assistance.  

The  IfS  crisis  response  package  supports  the  prosecution,  police,  judicial  and  prison  services, 
particularly  focusing  on  various  capacity  and  logistical  shortfalls  associated  with  the  trial  and 
detention of piracy suspects.  

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Activities and State of Play 

The EU engaged the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as its implementing partner. UNODC’s 
Nairobi regional office has demonstrated its capacity to quickly mobilise assistance on the ground 
in Kenya.  

The project has been effectively implementing the following activities:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

comprehensive reviews of the relevant legal frameworks of Kenya and also the Seychelles 
and Tanzania, setting out recommendations for legal development in the short, medium 
and long term;  

support  to  the  Kenyan  police  service  through  critical  assistance  with  logistics,  travel, 
training  (particularly  for  evidence  handling)  and  the  provision  of  secure  exhibit  rooms; 
support  for  the  prosecution  service  through  training,  office  enhancements,  logistical 
support,  online  legal  resources  and  drafting  of  handover  routines  for  transfers  of  piracy 
suspects;  

improvements  to  the  functioning  of  courts  including  through  the  development  of 
courtroom  facilities  for  piracy  and  other  large  trials  in  Mombasa,  facilitation  of  court 
attendance  by  foreign  witnesses,  provision  of  interpreters,  defense  services,  online  legal 
resources  and  technical  equipment;  support  for  the  conduct  of  extensive  reviews  of 
remand caseloads, which resulted in significant reductions in court and prison overload in 
Mombasa;  

substantial  improvements  in  conditions  for  all  prisoners  at  Shimo  La  Tewa  prison  in 
Mombasa, including a reduction in overcrowding, a doubling of the capacity of sanitation 
and water supply services, repainted facilities, better equipped kitchens, procurement of 
basic mattresses and blankets and the enhancement of prison medical services.  

Technical assessments were also conducted at four other prisons where convicted pirates may be 
held.  UNODC  intends  to  undertake  additional  rehabilitation  work  in  those  prisons  with  funding 
from other donors. 

Working closely with the responsible Kenyan authorities, the project has contributed to ensuring 
trials are conducted in a fair and humane manner and in a sound rule of law framework. Practical 
support  delivered  by  the  EU/UNODC continuously  seeks  to  improve  the efficiency  of  trials  within 
the confines of ongoing constraints faced by the Kenyan authorities. 

Note:  in  addition  to  the  IfS  support  for  piracy  trials  in  Kenya,  it  was  agreed  to  also  provide  a 
broadly similar range of support (€ 780,000) for piracy trials in the Seychelles, with the relevant 
Contribution Agreement being signed with UNODC in 2010. However, in the meantime the 2009 
IfS  Financing  Decision  for  support  to  trials  in  Kenya  already  included  a  provision  to  allow  initial 
funding for related activities in the Seychelles and other countries in the region. 

 Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  EU  and  other  donors  will  need  to  consider  how  to  meet  future  funding  requirements  for 
ongoing needs to support trials in Kenya running through 2011 and appeals running until the end 
of 2012, while prisons will need continuing support on the basis of piracy sentences running until 
2018. It is important that EU Member States, the UNODC and other international actors continue 

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with  and  build  on  the  initial  measures  which  are  addressing  some  of  Kenya’s  more  immediate 
short-term needs.  

This IfS action is an important complement to the EU’s CSDP anti-piracy naval operation Atalanta 
as well as wider efforts of the EU and international community to tackle piracy. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
KOSOVO (UNDER UNSC RESOLUTION 1244 (1999) 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Support for the vetting of judges 

for 

(2)  Support 
the  establishment  and 
functioning of the International Civilian Office 
in Kosovo (Phase 1+2) 

Type of measure  Reconciliation,  Regional  Peace  building 

Capacity 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 20/02/2008 

(2) 11/12/2007. 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 5,000,000 

Contracted: by Dec 09: € 5,000,000 

Paid: by Dec 09: € 3,456,954 

Totals: 

(2) € 20,000,000 

Committed: € 25,000,000 

Contracted: by Dec 09: € 19,930,205  

Contracted: € 24,930,205 

Paid: by Dec 09: € 19,930,205 

Paid: € 23,387,159 

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) 09/04/2008; (2) 28/02/2008 

End Date 

(1) 08/04/2010; (2) 30/06/2010 

Context of Instability 

Following  Kosovo’s  declaration  of  independence  on  17  February  2008,  attention  turned  to 
consolidation,  amid  continued  risks  to  stability  in  the  North  and  Serbia’s  refusal  to  recognise 
Kosovo's independence.  

The  EU  has  repeatedly  reiterated  that  Kosovo  has  a  clear  European  perspective,  in  line  with  the 
rest of the Western Balkans. The EU remains committed to playing a leading role in ensuring the 
stability of Kosovo through a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) mission in the rule of 
law  area,  through  its  Special  Representative  and  its  contribution  to  the  International  Civilian 
Office.  

The  European  Commission  provides  recommendations  and  policy  advice  on  how  to  ensure 
progress in its European reform agenda and address the priorities the Council has identified in the 
European Partnership for Kosovo. It also provides substantial financial assistance to Kosovo.  

Short Description 

(1) Support for the vetting of judges - The action supports the vetting and appointment of judges 
and prosecutors in Kosovo in an effort to contribute to the establishment of an independent and 
professional judiciary and prosecution service, thus helping to build public confidence and trust in 
the rule of law. 

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The creation of a commission to conduct a comprehensive review of all appointments for judicial 
and  prosecutorial  positions  in  Kosovo  is  mandated  by  Section  7  of  UNMIK  Regulation  No. 
2005/25,  which  calls  for  the  establishment  of  an  ‘Independent  Judicial  and  Prosecutorial 
Commission  (IJPC)’.  The  Kosovo  Judicial  Council  (KJC)  is  responsible  for  the  recruitment  and 
selection  of  judges  (and  prosecutors  on  an  interim  basis).  An  Independent  Judicial  and 
Prosecutorial  Commission  was  established  within  the  KJC  to  conduct  a  comprehensive,  Kosovo-
wide review to vet and select individuals prior to their appointment.  

(2) Support for the establishment and functioning of the International Civilian Office in Kosovo – 
Through this IfS action, the EU financed almost 50% of the operational costs of the International 
Civilian Office (ICO) in Kosovo for its first two years of operation, up to a total of maximum € 20 
million thus contributing to the stability of the region at large.  

A first tranche of € 10 million was provided for the period up until 30 June 2009, followed by a 
second and final tranche of € 10 million for the period to 30 June 2010. Other ICO donors are the 
United States, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Czech Republic and Austria.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Support for the vetting of judges – Following the development of a methodology agreed upon 
by all actors active in the area of judicial reform in Kosovo, including the European Commission, 
the  United  States,  the  UN  and  the  Kosovo  Judicial  Council,  the  project  has  undertaken  practical 
vetting  and  testing  of  judges  and  prosecutors,  including  vetting  for  compliance  with  basic 
conditions for appointment, such as residence in Kosovo, high moral integrity, legal qualifications 
and  professional  experience.  Since  3  April  2009,  935  applicants  have  registered  with  the  IJPC, 
with  over  600  having  submitted  their  applications  for  a  total  of  420  available  positions  in  the 
judiciary.  

The  difficult  political  environment  following  Kosovo’s  declaration  of  independence  meant  the 
project  did  not  start  off  as  quickly  as  anticipated.  Therefore  implementation  was  delayed  and  it 
was  decided  to  extend  the  duration  of  the  project  in  line  with  Art  6  IfS  Regulation  by  6  months 
until 8 April 2010.  

(2)  Support  for  the  establishment  and  functioning  of  the  International  Civilian  Office  (ICO)  in 
Kosovo  -  The  mandate  of  the  International  Civilian  Representative,  assisted  by  the  International 
Civilian Office, is to support and supervise the implementation of the Comprehensive Settlement 
Proposal  (CSP)  in  Kosovo.  Full  implementation  of  the  CSP  is  meant  to  promote  stability,  multi-
ethnicity and the rule of law in Kosovo as well as prosperity and freedom for all inhabitants.  

In  2009  the  Commission  adopted  a  second  and  last  IfS  contribution  to  the  ICO.  The  size  of  this 
allocation  is  identical  to  the  first  contribution,  i.e.  €  10  million.  In  conformity  with  the  IfS 
Regulation the second crisis response for the same purpose was adopted as an “Interim Response 
Programme”.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

Both activities are complementary to the Commission’s IPA programme for transition assistance 
and capacity building in Kosovo and the CSDP Rule of Law mission EULEX in Kosovo. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Support  to  Constitutional  Reform  in  the 
Kyrgyz Republic 

(2) Support to Judiciary Reform in the Kyrgyz 
Republic 

Type of measure  Rule of Law, Reform of Public Administration 
and Constitutional System 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 17/03/2008 

(2) 17/01/2008 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 1,500,000 

Contracted: € 1,500,000 

Paid: € 1,425,000 

(2) € 2,500,000 

Contracted: € 2,369,447 

Paid: € 1,196,290 

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) 15/08/2008 

(2) 19/11/2008 

End Date 

(1) 14/08/2010 

(2) 18/05/2010 

Context of Instability 

Fraudulent parliamentary elections in February 2005 led to a popular uprising the next month that 
deposed  President  Askar  Akayev  and  replaced  him  with  Kurmanbek  Bakiyev,  who  was  elected 
President  that  July.  The  resulting  government  has  lurched  from  crisis  to  crisis  in  the  face  of 
worsening political violence, prison revolts, serious property disputes and popular disillusion. The 
security services are slipping out of government control, raising the prospect of more chaos and 
criminality. Apart from urgent crisis situations, EU assistance aims at  the overall goal of poverty 
reduction focusing in particular on support to social reform and education as well as on rule of law 
and reform of the judiciary. Exceptional assistance measures under the IfS help drive Kyrgyzstan 
towards stability by advancing the rule of law and good governance.  

Short Description 

(1)  Support  to  constitutional  reform  in  the  Kyrgyz  Republic  -  The  purpose  of  this  Instrument  for 
Stability (IfS) project is to provide expertise to the Parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. The project 
supports ongoing democratic reforms, facilitates adoption of secondary legislation in line with the 
new Constitution and builds parliamentary capacity to strengthen the rule of law. It also aimed to 
strengthen the Parliament's role and its institutional capacity, with special attention to increasing 
efficiency, capacity and transparency. 

(2)  Support  to  judiciary  reform  in  the  Kyrgyz  Republic  -  The  programme  provides  expertise  to 

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support  the  reform  of  the  judiciary  in  the  Kyrgyz  Republic,  in  line  with  the  new  Constitution  and 
humanisation of criminal code. The aim is to help it function more effectively, transparently and 
independently in order to improve stability in the country, while remaining fully in line with the EU 
strategy on Central Asia which aims to strengthen good governance and rule of law in the region.  

Activities and State of Play 

Assistance  to  the  Kyrgyz  Parliament  in  adapting  the  most  important  pieces  of  legislation  to  the 
Constitution  and  networking  and  exchange  of  expertise  with  the  European  Parliaments  for  the 
development  of  national  good  practice.  Other  activities  included  assisting  the  Parliament  in 
introducing standards of law drafting expertise, taking into account gender, environment, human 
rights, anti-corruption and other perspectives through trainings for parliamentary staff. The public 
activity  of  factions,  committees  and  new  deputies  of  the  Jogorku  Kenesh  has  increased.  The 
improved content of parliamentary debates is observed alongside with better quality of questions 
asked and better understanding of the system of state governance.  

Results so far include:  

•  gender audit of the Parliament Administration achieved and presented to fractions;  

• 

the  list  of  legislation  to  be  amended and  aligned  with  the  Constitution  and  international 
standards was identified in consultation with the Parliament;  

•  65  employees  of  the  Administration  of  the  Jogorku Kenesh  were  trained  in  five  types  of 

expertise (legal, human rights, anti-corruption, gender and environmental); 

•  23 of the most skilled and motivated employees underwent practical on the job training 
based on the case-study method. The mentorship of experienced trainers allowed them to 
conduct expertise of 46 laws which they use in their daily activity;  

• 

seven  roundtables  and  one  international  conference  with  public  participation  were 
conducted  –  these  events  were  related  to  the  approval  and  implementation  of  the 
legislation. These events were attended by total of 560 persons.  

(2)  Support  to  judiciary  reform  in  the  Kyrgyz  Republic  -  The  project  works  with  the  Ministry  of 
Justice on drafting new laws and updating existing and by providing expert advice. The project also 
worked with the judges’ training centre on capacity building, which seeks to establish a curriculum 
for  training  on  the  new  constitution,  secondary  legislation  and  ethical  issues.  Activities 
commenced in 2009. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The two projects are fully consistent with the objectives and scope of the IfS as regards assistance 
in  response  to  situation  of  crisis  or  emerging  crisis,  notably  supporting  the  development  of 
democratic  pluralistic  institutions,  good  governance  and  the  rule  of  law.  Moreover,  the  two 
projects/actions  were  fully  in  line  with  the  EU  Strategy  for  Central  Asia  which  aims  inter  alia  to 
strengthen good governance and rule of law in the region.  

In the context of the development of the specific Central Asia Rule of Law Initiative under the EU 
Strategy for Central Asia, additional assistance will be provided to the country. The constitutional 
reform  project  also  works  with  NGO  projects  financed  under  the  European  Instrument  for 
Democracy  and  Human  Rights  (EIDHR),  and  creates  close  synergies  with  the  judicial  reform 
project. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

LEBANON 

Title of IfS 
Decision 

 (1)  Support  to  Police  Reform  and  Border 
Security Pilot Project 

(2)  Promoting  Political  Stabilisation  and 
National  Reconciliation  in  Lebanon  by 
Strengthening  the  Democratic  Legitimacy 
of its Parliament  

(3)  Support 
and 
Reintegration  of  Palestinian  Refugees 
Displaced from Nahr el Bared Camp  

the  Return 

to 

(4)  Provision  of  adequate  shelter  for 
displaced  Palestine  refugee  families  and 
support to Palestinian civil society 

(5)  Support  to  the  Special  Tribunal  of 
Lebanon 

Type of measure  Reconciliation,  Police  Reform,  Support  to 

Displaced Populations, Rule of Law 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decisions 

(1) 25/07/2007; (2) 15/12/2008; (3) 20/12/2007; (4) 12/05/2009;  

(5) 21/04/2009 

Total Amount(s)  Decisions € 19,826,000; Contracted: € 19,278,759; Paid: € 17,429,249 

Start Dates of 
Projects 

End Dates 

(1) 01/07/2007; (2) 25/12/2008; (3) 28/03/2008; (4) 01/07/2009 

(5) 01/06/2009 

(1) 16/04/2009; (2) 21/06/2010; (3) 28/03/2010; (4) 29/07/2010 

(5) 30/11/2010 

Context of Instability 

Lebanon’s  protracted  political  crisis  dates  from  the  prolongation  of  former  President  Emile 
Lahoud’s  mandate  in  2004.  In  2005,  the  crisis  was  intensified  by  the  assassination  of  former 
Primer  Minister  Rafik  Hariri,  and  reached  its  peak  in  2006  with  the  war  between  Israel  and 
Hezbollah. The one month 2006 war caused significant human losses and heavy damage to civil 
infrastructure. In 2007, as a result of the conflict between the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and 
the extremist Fatah Al-Islam group, approximately 27,000 Palestine refugees were displaced from 
the  Nahr  el-Bared  camp  (NBC)  and  its  adjacent  areas  in  northern  Lebanon.  These  displaced 
refugees took mainly refuge in the Beddawi camps with an already pre-existing concentration of 
Palestine refugees, and in other Palestinian refugee camps further south. Later on, in May 2008, a 
long internal political crisis led to an armed conflict in the streets of Beirut. Hezbollah turned its 
weapons inwards for the first time, launching a military operation against Sunni opponents, and 
taking over West Beirut. The assault was prompted by the government’s decision to reassign the 
pro-Hezbollah  Beirut  airport  security  chief  and  to  investigate  the  group’s  independent  telephone 
network. Fighting spread to Tripoli and the Chouf Mountains, leaving many dead. The Government 
subsequently  reversed  its  decision  and  Qatari  mediation  halted  the  deteriorating  situation.  The 
Doha  Accord  of  2008  resulted  in  the  election  of  Michel  Suleiman  as  president,  a  national  unity 
cabinet  giving  Hezbollah  a  “blocking  third”,  and  new  rules  for  the  2009  parliamentary  elections 

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based  on  smaller  districts.  The  issue  of  Hezbollah’s  arms  was  to  be  addressed  by  the  new 
president.  The  parliamentary  election  in  June  2009,  prepared  with  substantial  technical  support 
from the EU funded by the Stability Instrument, surprised many as the March 14 alliance captured 
71 seats and the opposition only 57 amid predictions of a near-draw. The decisive election victory 
however did not end the political stalemate, and efforts to form a government did only succeed by 
November 2009. After several rounds of negotiations and disputes over distribution of ministerial 
posts,  the  Hezbollah-led  opposition  and  March  14  eventually  managed  to  agree  on  a  power-
sharing formula. A new Cabinet and national unity government was formed which has to tackle a 
wide range of issues in the near and longer future.  

Short Description and Objectives 

(1) Support to Police Reform and Border Security Pilot Project - Following intensive discussions in 
Lebanon  and  with  Member  States  in  2006  and  2007,  the  Instrument  for  Stability  (IfS)  provided 
two  senior  experts  to  the  Lebanese  Police  services  in  order  to  help  improve  the  law  and  order 
situation in the country. In the context of a deteriorating security situation following the 2006 war, 
the  IfS  also  provided  financial  and  technical  support  to  the  German-led  Pilot  Project  in  the 
Northern  Border  Region  on  the  Implementation  of  Lebanese  Integrated  Border  Management” 
(NBPP). The NBPP is considered to be a crucial step in enabling the Lebanese authorities to better 
control  and  secure  their  green  border  with  Syria,  and  thus  to  comply  with  relevant  provisions  of 
UNSC Resolutions 1559 and 1701, as well as with the recommendations of the reports of the UN 
Lebanon  Independent  Border  Assessment  Team  (LIBAT).  The  project  also  provided  for  the 
coordination  between  the  Lebanese  authorities  and  donors  and  the  necessary  expertise  for  a 
better management and formulation of the programmes.  

(2) Promoting Political Stabilisation and National Reconciliation in Lebanon by Strengthening the 
Democratic Legitimacy of its Parliament - The overall objective of this action was to contribute to 
Lebanon’s political stabilisation and reconciliation by strengthening the democratic legitimacy of 
its Parliament through the conduct of elections in line with international standards in spring 2009. 
The  programme  supported  the  Lebanese  Ministry  of  Interior  and  the  newly  created  Supervisory 
Commission on the Election Campaign (SCEC) in the implementation of the package of electoral 
reforms  adopted  by  Parliament  in  September  2008.  The  IfS  action  focused  primarily  on  three 
areas: (i) support to the Supervisory Commission on the Election Campaign (SCEC), in the form of 
provision  of  all  IT/media  monitoring  and  other  needed  equipment,  and  advisory  assistance;  (ii) 
purchase  of  international  standard  polling  equipment,  including  transparent  ballot  boxes, 
standardised voting booths, polling station kits, indelible ink and uniforms for polling staff; and (iii) 
computerisation of the results system at the level of the 26 electoral districts, and the electronic 
transfer of results to a National Results Centre in the Ministry HQ in Beirut, allowing the Ministry to 
be fully aware of the results tabulation process as it takes place.  

(3) Support to the Return and Reintegration of Palestinian Refugees Displaced from Nahr el Bared 
Camp - Furthermore, following the devastation caused by the fighting between the Lebanese army 
and the terrorist ‘Fatah al Islam’ group in the Nahr el Bared Palestinian refugee camp in Northern 
Lebanon in 2007, an additional IfS action aimed to facilitate the return and reintegration of the 
displaced  population  (30,000  Palestinian  refugees)  through  assessments  in  Nahr  el  Bared  and 
Beddawi  Camps,  planning  of  reconstruction,  start  of  rubble  removal,  support  to  livelihoods  of 
refugees and institutional support to the Lebanese government. While the reconstruction process 
at  the  devastated  camp  is  ongoing,  including  earlier  IfS  support  for  rubble  removal,  displaced 
refugees continue to be dependent on critical assistance provided by UNRWA.  

(4)  Provision  of  adequate  shelter  for  displaced  Palestine  refugee  families  and  support  to 
Palestinian  civil  society  -  In  light  of  continued  need  amongst  affected  refugee  families,  and  in 

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parallel with the reconstruction and recovery plan, UNRWA launched a new appeal for relief and 
early  recovery  assistance.  In  response  to  this  recovery  appeal  an  IfS  programme  with  a  twofold 
purpose  was  adopted  in  February  2009:  to  facilitate  refugees’  access  to  temporary  shelter  and 
relieve 
financial  pressures,  while  empowering  community-based 
organisations so that they can play an active role in recovery activities.  

from  heavy 

families 

(5) Support to the Special Tribunal of Lebanon (STL) - In 2007, the UN Security Council decided to 
establish an international tribunal to bring to justice all those who are alleged responsible for the 
attack of 14 February 2005 in Beirut that killed the former Lebanese prime Minister Rafiq Hariri 
and  22  others  -  UNSC  Resolution  1757  (2007).  In  March  2009  the  Tribunal  commenced  to 
operate facing a financial gap to cover the necessary activities for providing victim’s redress and 
population awareness. Both activities are crucial to reinforce the role of the STL and its connection 
to  the  rule  of  law,  thereby  supporting  efforts  of  the  government  to  repair  and  establish  a 
relationship of trust with the population. The IfS contribution aims to cover these gaps so as the 
STL can provide a substantial contribution to the reconciliation in the society. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1)  Support  to  Police  Reform  and  Border  Security  Pilot  Project  -  The  IfS  provided  the  German 
Advisory Team with the required administrative, logistic and financial management to contribute 
to  efficient  and  operational  conditions,  including:  setting  up  the  Technical  Support  Unit  (TSU) 
Bureau  and  its  operations;  managing  the  procurement  of  border  security  equipment  purchased 
with  funding  from  other  donors;  and  organising  study  visits  and  pilot  trainings  for  the  newly 
established Common Border police Force (CBF). The second part of the project provided two senior 
experts to the Lebanese Police Services. The projects are now completed. 

(2) Promoting Political Stabilisation and National Reconciliation in Lebanon by Strengthening the 
Democratic  Legitimacy  of  its  Parliament  -  The  electoral  assistance,  formalised  in  a  MoU  signed 
between  the  EU  Head  of  Delegation  and  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  and  Municipalities  on  21 
January 2009, has been implemented through the embedding of a technical assistance team in 
the  Ministry  of  the  Interior  and  Municipalities  and  the  Supervisory  Commission  on  the  Election 
Campaign (SCEC), and through a series of supply contracts for the equipment needed. The team, 
which  was  immediately  deployed  already  by  the  end  of  December  2008,  consisted  of  a  Chief 
Technical Advisor, and three other experts in the areas of Electoral Operations, Procurement, and 
Campaign Finance and the Media. All the other needed technical expertise has been mobilized on 
a short-term basis. Following the successful electoral process, the experts supported the SCEC in 
the drafting and final revision of the 4th SCEC report, and to present the Minister with suggestions 
for  promoting  further  reforms  both  for  the  May  2010  municipal  elections  and  the  2013 
Parliamentary  elections.  In  view  of  the  delayed  formation  of  the  new  government,  a  project 
extension  became  necessary,  which  will  also  help  to  improve  the  design  of  future  actions  to 
promote  democracy  in  Lebanon  planned  under  the  ENPI  (€  2  million  for  electoral  reform  2010-
2013).  

(3) Support to the Return and Reintegration of Palestinian Refugees Displaced from Nahr el Bared 
Camp  -  The  contract  with  UNRWA  included:  assessments  in  Nahr  el  Bared  (NBC)  and  Beddawi 
Camps, planning of reconstruction; and rubble removal. The following results have been achieved: 
(i)  The  removal,  treatment  and  sorting  of  8  packages  of  rubble  from  the  NBC  totalling  an 
estimated  525,000m3;  (ii)  Disposal  of  rubble  and  the  re-use  of  the  vast  majority  of  this  rubble, 
13,000  pieces  of  unexploded  ordnance  were  discovered;  (iii)  The  approval  of  the  NBC 
Reconstruction Master Plan by the Lebanese Council of Ministers and all other stakeholders; (iv) 
The  active  participation  of  over  500  NBC  families  in  the  formulation  of  an  urban  plan  for  the 
detailed design of reconstruction Packages 1 and 2 in NBC; (v) The disbursement of 520 business 

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reactivation grants of NBC businesses damaged by the conflict, to the value of € 1 million, which 
now  also  includes  medium-sized  enterprises;  and  (vi)  The  completion  of  a  comprehensive  socio-
economic  assessment  of  Palestine  refugees  from  NBC  and  the  neighbouring  Beddawi  Palestine 
refugee  camp.  As  for  the  institutional  support,  the  IfS-funded  senior  adviser  was  appointed  as 
Director  of  the  NBC  Recovery  and  Reconstruction  Cell,  which  is  responsible  for  the  overall 
management  of  the  NBC  recovery  and  reconstruction  process.  The  adviser  prepared  the  overall 
reconstruction strategy that was presented to the donors at the international Donor Conference in 
Vienna on June 25, 2008. He also acted as focal point for all donors to help them decide how to 
allocate funds for the reconstruction. 

(4)  Provision  of  adequate  shelter  for  displaced  Palestine  refugee  families  and  support  to 
Palestinian  civil  society  -  Whilst  all  activities  are  under  progress  and  results  are  being  achieved, 
some  of  the  activities  have  been  delayed,  and  specially  the  component  “Support  to  the  NGO 
Sector  in  NBC  &  Beddawi”.  Towards  the  end  of  2009,  UNRWA  had  to  face  a  suspension  of  the 
reconstruction of Nahr el Bared camp, due to a Government decision relating to the preservation 
of  antiquities.  UNRWA  resumed  backfilling  on  25  November  2009.  While  project  activities  have 
now  resumed  as  planned,  the  temporary  suspension  of  works  also  caused  delays  in  the  above-
mentioned  implementation  of  the  component  "Support  to  the  NGO  Sector  in  NBC  &  Beddawi". 
Consequently,  UNRWA  requested  a  no  cost  extension.  The  duration  of  the  project  was  then 
extended to 18 months, with an end date of 29/07/2010. 

(5)  Support  to  the  Special  Tribunal  of  Lebanon  (STL)  -  The  action  has  helped  the  Tribunal  (i)  to 
develop  a  comprehensive  outreach  policy  and  strategy  which  is  now  implemented  both  from  its 
headquarters  in  The  Netherlands  and  from  its  Field  Office  in  Beirut;  (ii)  to  launch  an  STL’s 
internship programme for the benefit of Lebanese nationals; and (iii) to set off the planning for the 
establishment of a victims participation unit. In addition, the project has provided support for the 
translation  required  services  in  relation  with  the  Prosecutor’s  investigative  work  and  for 
purchasing specialised software for future judicial activities.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The IfS support is in line with the overall efforts of the EU and the broader international community 
of  establishing  sustainable  peace,  stability  and  accountability  in  Lebanon.  The  NBPP  was 
supported  by  several  Member  States,  namely  through  the  continued  presence  of  the  German 
expert team, Denmark’s contribution of US$ 1 million and the UK’s support in defining the needs 
for the new joint command centre in Tripoli complemented by a financial contribution. DG ECHO 
also  committed  €  14.7  million  in  humanitarian  relief  for  the  population  of  Nahr  el  Bared  camp. 
Several  other  donors  are  also  undertaking  election  support  initiatives,  in  particular,  the  UK. 
However, additional funding is necessary, especially from Arab donors. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

MADAGASCAR 

Title of IfS Decision  Urgent  financial  support  to  the  Indian  Ocean 

Commission’s facilitation initiative 

Type of measure  Conflict resolution, mediation 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

05/03/2009 

Amount(s)  € 60,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 59,736 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 47,789 

Start Date of 
Project 

11/02/2009 

End Date  30/10/2009 

Context of Instability 

The  Madagascan  crisis  broke  out  at  the  end  of  January  2009  when  brewing  tensions  between 
President Ravalomanana and the Mayor of Antananarivo, Mr. Andry Rajoelina, broke out into the 
open  with  the  President  sacking  the  Mayor.  This  has  been  followed  by  demonstrations  and 
counter-demonstrations which have left between 40 and 100 people dead.  

The international community, including the EU, expressed concerns over these events and urged 
all parties to overcome the crisis through dialogue and in accordance with the rule of law. Rapidly, 
the  Council  of  Christian  Churches  in  Madagascar  (FFKM)  advocated  for  a  broad  dialogue  which 
was  supported  by  the  facilitators  dispatched  by  the  UN  Secretary-General  and  the  African  Union 
Commission so that a peaceful, lawful and legitimate solution could be found to the crisis.  

In April, the negotiations between parties started and an International Group of Contact led by the 
African Union to better coordinate the international mediation efforts was constituted. From then, 
there  have  been  some  agreements  signed  between  the  four  parties  in  dispute  but  the  political 
conflict remains at an impasse as per the non implementation of all agreed dispositions.  

The  crisis  is  jeopardising  the  country's  stability,  it  affects  the  Madagascan  people  and  risks 
compromising  the  international  community's  ongoing  efforts  in  the  fight  against  poverty  in 
Madagascar.  

Short Description 

At the height of the political crisis in Madagascar in the beginning of February, the Indian Ocean 
Commission (IOC) offered its facilitation services to the Madagascan parties in order to assist in 
finding a resolution of the crisis. Following the subsequent Madagascan invitation, the IOC made a 
formal request to the Commission to provide funding for an initiative involving a number of high-
level missions to ‘accompany’ efforts to open and support dialogue.  

The overall aim of the project is to support the Indian Ocean Commission in its endeavour to assist 
the Madagascan parties in finding a solution to the crisis and in restoring stability and peace.  

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Activities and State of Play 

The  IOC  deployed  a  first  “evaluation”  mission  –  composed  inter  alia  of  the  former  President  of 
Mauritius, the SG of the IOC and the French Secretary of State for Cooperation and Francophonie – 
in Antananarivo on 11-14 February in order to help breaking the opening of negotiations between 
emissaries of both sides in conflict, under the aegis of the FFKM and the facilitation role of the UN 
SGA.  

The three subsequent missions were conducted by the SG of the IOC and took place in the frame 
of  the  IGC  mediation  led  by  the  AU  (30  April  and  22  July  in  Addis  Ababa  and  4-8  October  in 
Madagascar).  With  its  participation,  the  IOC  has  provided  the  international  initiative  strong  links 
and influential networks with the Malagasy counterparts and ensured a vital regional ownership of 
the resolution of the conflict. In addition, the action has deployed in June and in August 2009 a 
high-profile  legal  expert  from  the  University  of  Reunion  Island  to  assist  and  advice  the 
international mediation on the basic acts negotiated for the political agreement and the creation 
of the IV Republic of Madagascar. His input to the drafting of the “Transitional Chart” signed in the 
Summit of Maputo (August 2009) and of the new Constitution has been essential.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This facilitation is part of the international mediation efforts to solve the crisis. The coordination of 
all  mediation  efforts  has  been  and  is  crucial  to  ensure  that  all  parties  concerned  work  together 
and make the necessary concessions. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Support to the Preparation of Elections 

(2)  Democracy  Support  and  Confidence- 
Building 

Type of measure  Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 27/01/2009 (under PAMF 2 Facility)  

(2) 09/09/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 2,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009 € 2,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 1,400,000 

(2) € 6,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009 € 6,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 2,802,900 

Totals: 

Committed: € 8,000,000 

Contracted: € 8,000,000 

Paid: € 4,202,900 

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) 27/01/2009  

(2) 09/09/2009 

End Date 

(1) 30/06/2010  

(2) 30/06/2011 

Context of Instability 

With Romania’s entry into the European Union in 2007, the EU shares a border with Moldova, a 
state  facing  big  challenges  to  solve  internal  political  tensions  and  to  develop  its  economy. 
Moldova’s leadership had declared its desire to join the EU, but efforts to resolve the dispute with 
the  breakaway  region  of  Transnistria  have  failed  so  far  and  the  country  urge  greater  domestic 
reforms.  

The  electoral  campaign  for  the  April  2009  parliamentary  elections  in  Moldova  was  reportedly 
plagued  with  police  and  judicial  harassment  of  the  opposition  and  State  media  bias.  Abuses  of 
laws established in conformity with the EU-Moldova Action Plan did not cease after the numerous 
mediation attempts from abroad, including from the EU. The political crisis was aggravated by the 
failure  of  the  political  forces  to  establish  an  open  and  constructive  dialogue,  leading  to  the 

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dissolution of the new parliament one month after its inaugural session, and the widespread use 
of hate speech in media and public meetings.  

The electoral environment and the events that followed the 5 April parliamentary elections have 
revealed  the  country’s  political  fragility  -  adding  to  its  economic  weakness  and  geopolitical 
vulnerability. New elections were held in July 2009 which were surrounded by allegations similar 
to  the  ones  raised  before  the  April  2009  elections.  This  time  the  opposition  parties  won  and 
managed  to  establish  a  government  after  weeks  of  negotiations.  While  the  reform-minded  and 
pro-European  orientation  of  the  new  government  gives  hope  for  a  dynamic  development  in  the 
country  in  future,  Moldovan  society  remains  deeply  split  over  fundamental  issues  of  democratic 
governance and the economic crisis nourishes growing social frustration.  

Short Description 

(1)  Support  to  the  preparation  of  elections  -  In  the  absence  of  available  ENPI  funding  urgent 
support from the IfS was provided to help make the elections in April 2009 (and subsequently, in 
July 2009) more transparent and legitimate. 

(2) Democracy support and confidence-building measures - This second IfS project was adopted to 
respond to the crisis following the controversial elections in April 2009 in order to contribute to the 
restoration  of  Moldova’s  political  stability  and  democratic  credentials.  In  the  aftermath  of  the 
abovementioned events, the Moldovan government, weakened by its perceived loss of legitimacy, 
has  looked  for  external  support  in  a  complex  geopolitical  situation,  and  shown  readiness  to 
compromise on its guiding principles for a resolution of the Transnistrian conflict. Following up on 
a visit of the EU Troika to Chisinau, the programme aimed to support the establishment of robust 
guarantees for human rights and fundamental freedoms in Moldova and to help a peaceful and 
lasting resolution of the conflict in Transnistria.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Support to the preparation of elections: The programme addressed the following key issues to 
support  the  improvement  of  the  electoral  process:  Improved  voter  register  and  handling  of 
electoral  information  ;  enhanced  participation  of  citizens  abroad  through  improved  consular 
services;  increased  capacity  of  the  Central  Electoral  Commission  to  better  manage  elections; 
increased transparency of the electoral process – media and voter education; improved electoral 
legislation and judicial issues. When new elections were called for July 2009 some of the activities 
were redirected to support the preparation of the new elections. By end 2009 it remains still some 
activities to be completed.  

(2)  Democracy  support  and  confidence-building  measures:  The  programme  implemented  the 
following activities:  

a)  Support  to  the  restoration  and  strengthening  of  democratic  institutions,  such  as  the 
national  human  rights  structures  (in  particular  the  Office  of  the  ombudsmen  and  the 
national  torture  preventive  mechanism)  and  the  audiovisual  coordinating  council,  and 
support to the establishment of independent oversight systems.  

b)  Guaranteeing the rule of law, in particular ensuring that police investigations and judicial 
processes function in conformity with international and domestic human rights standards, 
and  democratising  the  political  space,  the  media  landscape  and  the  functioning  of  the 
State  institutions,  such  as  the  Parliament.  These  activities  are  essential  elements  of  a 
lasting resolution of tensions in society, and constitute the best deterrent for a repetition 
of  the  April  events.  The  involvement  of  civil  society  in  such  activities  and  the  effective 

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implementation  of  Council  of  Europe  and  OSCE  standards  and  recommendations  and 
human rights commitments under the ENP Action Plan are crucial.  

c)  Support for a national “truth and reconciliation” process. Through support to an impartial, 
transparent  and  effective  investigation  of  the  events  that  occurred  on  and  after  7  April, 
and  to  the  institutions  tasked  with  such  an  investigation,  the  project  contributes  to 
political appeasement and social unity in a currently profoundly divided society. A renewed 
sense  of  coherence  based  on  the  European  values  will  play  an  important  role  in  re-
affirming  Moldova’s  statehood,  also  in  the  negotiations  over  the  future  status  of  the 
Transnistrian region.  

d)  Support for confidence-building measures, primarily in the economic and social spheres, 

between Moldova and its separatist region of Transnistria.  

Although there is little appearance of conflict between both sides for the moment, the expected 
re-activation  of  negotiations  underpinned  by  Russia,  possibly  outside  the  “5+2”  format,  has  the 
potential  to  inflame  the  relations  between  Chisinau  and  Tiraspol.  Also,  the  EU’s  involvement  in 
Transnistria,  as  outlined  in  the  October  2008  Council  conclusions  on  Moldova,  is  essential  to 
prepare the EU’s role in future negotiations.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

These two IfS projects support the strategic EU policy intervention aiming at upholding Moldova’s 
democratic  transition  and  European  integration  course,  including  a  concerted  approach  for  the 
settlement  of  the  Transnistria  conflict  in  the  “5+2”  framework.  This  overarching  goal  is  all  the 
more  essential  as  the  June  2009  Council  adopted  negotiating  directives  for  an  EU-Moldova 
Association  Agreement,  and  tasked  the  Commission  with  launching  negotiations  with  Moldova 
(these negotiations started on 12 January 2010).  

A  Commission-led  identification  exercise  has  allowed  designing  compact  multi-stakeholder 
programmes  focusing  on  most  essential  activities  to  meet  these  needs.  The  IfS  gives  the  EU  a 
good option to respond rapidly and with sufficient budget to implement that compact programme, 
which could  later  be  elaborated  upon in  a  larger  format  using  other  EU  instruments  for  external 
assistance. The Commission intends to follow up on the core activities that will be implemented 
under this programme as soon as the national indicative programme 2011-2013 will be in place. 
In  particular,  the  indicative  programme  foresees  the  systematic  mainstreaming  of  confidence-
building  activities  in  external  assistance  to  Moldova,  and  places  specific  emphasis  on  good 
governance, rule of law and fundamental freedoms. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 

Title of IfS Decision 

MYANMAR (BURMA) 

(1)  Strengthening  UN  Good  Offices 
in 
Burma/Myanmar  -  Support  to  the  Office  of 
UN  Special  Envoy  Gambari  (extended  until 
06/2010) 

(2)  Support  to  civil  society  initiatives  on 
democracy and media 

(3) Post-disaster support after Cyclone Nargis 

Type of measure  Reconciliation, 

Post-Disaster 

Recovery, 

Capacity Building Support 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 23/11/2007 

(2) 26/06/2009 

(3)  17/12/2008  (PAMF  2)  and  30/07/2009 
(PAMF 3) 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 574,615; Contracted: € 574,615; Paid: € 439,170 

(2) € 2,150,000;Contracted: € 1,598,228; Paid: € 989,328 

(3) € 695,680; Contracted: € 695,680; Paid: € 556,544 

(1) 01/01/2008; (2) Various, earliest on 08/2009; (3) 06/2009 

(1) 06/2010; (2) Various, latest 05/2011; (3) 02/2010 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date 

Context of Instability 

Under  military  rule  since  1962,  Burma/Myanmar  in  2007saw  the  harsh  repression  of  peaceful 
civic  protest  initiated  mostly  by  Buddhist  monks  by  the  ruling  military.  The  repression  caused 
widespread international condemnation, including the adoption of additional sanctions by the EU. 
The  latter  continue  to  prohibit  non-humanitarian  aid  or  development  programmes,  with  notable 
exceptions. 

Such exceptions are programmes such as under the Stability Instrument and projects in support of 
Human Rights, Democracy, good governance, conflict prevention and building the capacity of civil 
society. International efforts in this context are spearheaded by the ‘good office’ efforts of the UN, 
by  the  UN  Special  Envoy  Ibrahim  Gambari.  Additionally,  in  May  2008  Cyclone  Nargis  caused  a 
devastating  loss  of  life  and  widespread  destruction  in  the  Delta  Region  of  Myanmar  with  an 
estimated  140,000  people  killed  or  missing  along  with  massive  disruption  of  the  lives  and 
livelihoods of survivors.  

A Tripartite Core Group (TCG), bringing together ASEAN, the Burmese Government and the UN was 
established  to  facilitate  operations  and  assessments  in  the  affected  areas.  It  is  an  ASEAN-led 
mechanism.  The  ASEAN-UN  International  Pledging  Conference  of  25  May  2008  stressed  the 
importance of a credible multi-sector needs assessment. 

Short Description 

In  response  to  Cyclone  Nargis,  a  “Post-Nargis  Joint  Assessment”  was  carried  out  subsequently, 

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with IfS financing, to ensure that early recovery measures were integrated into the humanitarian 
response, and to establish a foundation for a comprehensive monitoring system through Periodic 
Reviews.  

As  regards  the  political  situation,  Gambari’s  dialogue  with  the  country  military  rulers  towards 
democratisation and reconciliation includes discussions on the release of people arrested during 
the 2007 demonstrations, access to prisons by ICRC, broadening of the constitutional process, etc.  

Finally,  in  the  third  quarter  of  2009  the  first  of  five  projects  was  signed  to  support  capacity 
building for agents of change towards a strengthened civil society in Myanmar in the run-up to the 
2010 elections and beyond.  

Objectives 

The good offices of the UN Secretary General are being pursued in parallel by UN Special Envoy. 
He  focuses  mainly  on  three  aspects:  contacts  between  the  regime  and  the  “opposition”  (mainly 
Aung  San  Suu  Kyi);  the  constitutional  debate;  and  socio-economic  issues.  The  “Post-Nargis  Joint 
Assessment”  aims  to  ensure  that  early  recovery  measures  are  integrated  into  humanitarian 
response,  and  to  establish  a  foundation  for  a  comprehensive  monitoring  system,  with  Periodic 
Reviews.  

The  five  projects  that  provide  support  to  civil  society  initiatives  on  democracy  and  media  in  the 
run-up to the 2010 elections attempt to use the window of opportunity provided by the electoral 
process  to  advance  the  role  of  civil  society  and  a  free  media  in  the  construction  of  a  future 
Democratic society.  

Activities and State of Play 

The  contribution  to  the  UN  Special  Envoy’s  office  covers  the  cost  of  two  additional  professional 
staff  and  one  support  staff,  the  corresponding  travel  cost  and  overheads,  as  well  as  the  cost  of 
additional external expertise. 

The  “Post-Nargis  Joint  Assessment”  reviews  started  in  September  2008  running  until  February 
2010.  The  first  Periodic  Review  could  only  be  completed  in  November  2008  and  was  published 
the  following  month  financed  by  a  substantial  UK  contribution.  Additional  IfS  financing  was 
necessary  to  ensure  follow-up  in  support  of  the  ASEAN  initiative  for  the  two  remaining  Periodic 
Reviews covering the period April to December 2009. It was adopted in April 2009.  

Support  to  the  UN  SE  was  extended  in  April  2009  until  06/2010.  The  five  projects  addressing 
issues  such  as  ethnic  minorities,  free  media,  civil  society  and  DDR  have  recently  started  their 
activities, including seminars, training of journalists and of leaders of change among civil society. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The good offices of the UN, through the work of the Special Envoy are complemented by the work 
of the EU Special Envoy Fassino, which further enhanced the policy dialogue on Myanmar/Burma 
between the UN and the EU. Complementing these public diplomacy channels, in 2008 the IfS had 
provided  support  by  financing  a  widely  distributed  report,  mapping  conflict  in  the  country 
(including  the  ethnic  dimension),  and  the  continuation  of  parallel  informal  dialogue  channels, 
through a non-state actor, the Finnish peace-building NGO Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) led 
by  Martti  Ahtisaari.  In  addition  to  the  IfS  programme,  the  Commission  is  also  implementing 

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further actions to support democratisation work by non-State actors in Myanmar/Burma, through 
the European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
NEPAL 

Title of IfS Decision  Programme 

the 
of  Measures 
Instrument  for  Stability  Providing  Support  to 
the Peace Process in Nepal 

under 

Type of measure  Conflict  Resolution  and  Reconciliation, 

Regional Peacebuilding Capacity 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

19/12/2008 

Amount(s)  € 5,950,000 

Contracted: € 5,500,000 - Paid: 0 

2009 

Start Date of 
Project 
End Date  12/2012 

Context of Instability 

After  more  than  a  decade  of  insurgency,  Nepal  witnessed  a  return  to  democracy  when  King 
Gyanendra was forced to capitulate in April 2006 in the face of a mass movement, paving the way 
for  the  start  of  a  serious  peace  process.  Parliament  was  reinstated  and  the  mainstream  seven-
party alliance set out to implement a roadmap to democracy – including election of a constituent 
assembly to rewrite the constitution in line with the parties' agreement with the Maoists. Maoist 
representatives were sworn into legislature in January 2007 and a new UN ceasefire monitoring 
and electoral assistance mission began work disarming combatants. These positive developments 
notwithstanding  the  peace  process  remains  fragile,  not  least  due  to  the  recent  uprisings  in  the 
southern plains (Terai). Unrest in the Terai has exposed the weaknesses of the peace process, and 
could, if not properly addressed, start a new form of conflict. It was therefore widely agreed that 
the  international  community  should  remain  actively  engaged  to  help  safeguard  this  difficult 
transition.  In  this  context,  it  was  crucial  to  prioritise  assistance  that  supports  the  opening  of 
political  space  and  the  rule  of  law,  and  for  such  security  matters  as  cantonments  and 
disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR).  

Short Description and Objectives 

The  overall  objective  of  the  decision  is  to  contribute  to  the  consolidation  of  the  fragile  peace 
process  in  Nepal  by  supporting,  through  the  multi-donor  Nepal  Peace  Trust  Fund  (NPTF),  the 
successful implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The specific objectives 
of  the  project  are  to  provide  for:  Return,  reintegration  and  rehabilitation  of  IDPs;  Security 
strengthening;  Support  to  the  Peace  Process;  Cantonment  management  and  integration/re-
integration  and  discharge;  Support  to  Mine  Actions;  Support  to  Future  Elections;  Support  to 
Infrastructure Building; Support to Conflict Affected People.  

Activities 

The  NPTF  support  areas 
include:  Rehabilitation  of  Internally  Displaced  People;  Security 
Strengthening; Support to the Peace Process; Management of Camps and Reintegration of Former 

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Combatant  ;  Mine  action  activities  –  the  Government  of  Nepal  has  established  a  Mine  Action 
Steering Committee (MASC) and a National Mine Action Technical Committee to implement mine 
action  programmes  and  projects.  Donor  assistance  is  required  for  the  implementation  of  mine 
action programmes and projects to clear minefields and also for the technical support to train the 
Nepalese personnel to collect improvised explosive devices.  

Support  to  future  elections  -  Following  the  successful  conduct  of  the  April  2008  Constitutional 
Assembly  elections,  the  Election  Commission  needs  continued,  albeit  limited,  technical  and 
financial  assistance  in  areas  such  as  public  information,  voter  education,  human  resource 
development  and  logistical  support.  The  regular  updating  of  the  voter  registration  may  also  be 
required for the Election Commission.  

Reconstruction of Physical Infrastructure - For achieving sustainable peace, at least the destroyed 
physical  infrastructures  in  the  public  sector  should  be  reconstructed.  Similarly,  the  loss  and 
damage of private properties of the victims has yet to be compensated sufficiently.  

Conflict  affected  people  -  One  of  the  immediate  responsibilities  of  the  government  in  the  post-
conflict period is to carry out rehabilitation of the conflict victims. The return of seized properties, 
compensation packages for the dependant families of the deceased persons, allowances for the 
widows and widowers, stipend for the victims' children, medical treatment support for the injured 
persons  and  mine-victims  are  also  equally  urgent  agenda.  More  resources  are  required  for 
comprehensive victim support programmes so as to get full recovery of the victims on a speedy 
basis.  In  this  context  focused  programmes  to  help  the  women  and  socially  excluded  and  poor 
segments of the population should receive high priority. 

Other  programmes  -  The  Government  is  working  on  capacity  building  initiatives  for  increased 
women participation in governance, peace and security for the implementation of UNSCR 1325. 
Among others, it will support women's organisation/ women's leadership training programme for 
their active participation in Peace Process.  

There is also a need to prepare action plan for conflict affected children and children associated 
with armed group and armed forces. Similarly, alternative opportunities for youth movements can 
also be explored. 

Implementation Status 

The  EU  Financing  Agreement  with  the  Government  of  Nepal  was  finally  signed  on  25th  August 
2009. However, the amendment to a second document, the Joint Financing Agreement between 
all donors and the Government of Nepal could not be finalised before the end of 2009, given some 
inconsistencies  and  contradictions  between 
it  and  the  EU  Financial  Regulation.  Thus 
implementation had not commenced by the end of the year. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The EU encourages political stability and multiparty democracy in Nepal. With the deployment of a 
large Election Observation Mission in April 2008, the EU had been actively engaged in supporting 
Nepal’s  peace  process,  which  led  in  May  2008  to  the  abolition,  by  the  Constituent  Assembly,  of 
the  monarchy  and  the  establishment  of  a  Republic.  The  NPTF  also  receives  bilateral  EU  support 
from several Member States, namely the UK, Finland and Denmark. EU development cooperation 
with  Nepal  aims  to  contribute  also  to peace and stability  in  the country.  In  the  framework  of  its 
Country  Strategy  Paper  (2007-2013)  and  in  close  consultation  with  other  donors  and  with  the 
Nepalese authorities, the EU will support during the period 2007-2013 stability and peace building 

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activities,  Education  for  all,  trade  facilitation  and  economic  capacity  building.  This  may  include 
follow-on support from the DCI to the NPTF building on the IfS contribution. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMME IN 
NICARAGUA 

Title of IfS Decision  Programme  of  Support  for  Rehabilitation  and 
Reconstruction in Areas Affected by Hurricane 
FELIX in Nicaragua 

Type of measure  Post-Disaster Recovery 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

10/06/2008 

Amount(s)  € 7,490,000 

Contracted: € 7,450,000 

Paid: € 4,859,908,81 

18/12/2008 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date  18/06/2010 

Context of Instability 

Political  relations  between  the  EU  and  Nicaragua  have  been  shaped  by  the  San  José  Dialogue, 
launched in 1984. The EU also supported the Esquipulas Process aiming to restore peace to the 
region and Nicaragua by means of a negotiated solution to the armed conflicts prevailing at that 
time.  Nicaragua  is  a  signatory  to  the  1993  EU-Central  America  Framework  Cooperation 
Agreement and to the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement signed in 2003. Nicaragua is 
the biggest country in Central America but its GDP per capita is the second lowest in the Americas. 
At  least  46%  of  its  5.5  million  inhabitants  are  living  in  poverty  and  17%  in  extreme  poverty. 
Persistent  economic  structural  problems  and  recurrent  natural  disasters  make  for  a  vulnerable 
economy, dependent on external aid and remittances from migrants. 

Short Description 

The  measure  supports  the  social  and  economic  recovery  of  communities  in  Nicaragua’s  North 
Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) severely affected by Hurricane Felix on 4 September 2007. 
This  action  links  the  relief  phase,  for  which  the  Commission  had  already  provided  €  6  million 
through DG ECHO, and the longer term reconstruction and development of the affected areas. This 
support  under  the  Stability  Instrument  provides  much-needed  extra  assistance  for  recovery  and 
rehabilitation in a particularly hard-hit and abandoned region of Nicaragua. The programme is part 
of a coordinated, nationally-owned disaster recovery framework designed to build on previous and 
ongoing  emergency  interventions  and  to  link  up  with  forthcoming  disaster  preparedness 
programmes  and  longer  term  development  support.  The  intervention  under  the  Stability 
Instrument  in  Nicaragua  aims  at  promoting  socio-economic  stability  in  Nicaragua  providing  for 
early  recovery  after  hurricane  FELIX,  thus  ensuring  effective  links  between  Relief,  Rehabilitation 
and  Development  in  the  context  of  earlier  DG  ECHO  interventions.  It  further  promotes  the 
sustainable  recovery  of  critical  water  sanitation  infrastructure  and  of  livelihoods  and  income 
generation assets.  

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Activities 

National and local authorities and local civil society organisations identified water and sanitation 
as  one  of  the  main  priorities  for  the  affected  population.  Although  some  of  DG  ECHO's 
interventions were targeting this sector, these were geared to resolving the situation in the short 
term. Further interventions were deemed necessary in order to provide long-term, sustainable and 
more  holistic  approaches  to  tackling  this  problem,  including  activities  such  as:  design  and 
construction  of  appropriate  water  and  sanitation  systems,  incorporating  a  hurricane  and  storm 
resistance component; rehabilitated and improved water and sanitation in health centres, schools, 
public  shelters  and  communities;  hygiene  promotion  including  personal  and  public  health  and 
hygiene education and awareness campaign; environmental impact assessment in communities 
living  in critical  ecosystems  and  requiring  water and  sanitation assets,  and  implementation  of a 
local-regional  monitoring  system  of  drinking  water  quality.  A  second  identified  priority  was  the 
rehabilitation  of  the  livelihoods  of  the  affected  population.  The  population  in  the  RAAN  suffers 
from chronic food insecurity, which was worsened by Hurricane Felix, during which many families 
lost their economic assets (crops, fruit plantations, forest resources, fishing equipment, and other 
productive infrastructure), in addition to their food reserves and seed stores. Therefore, a response 
more  focused  on  the  rehabilitation  of  agricultural  and  fishery-based  livelihoods  and  the  re-
establishment  of  income  generation  was  devised  in  order  to  facilitate  the  return  of  the  affected 
population  to  pre-Felix  conditions.  For  the  implementation  of  the  entire  programme,  the  EU 
Delegation signed a contribution agreement with the United Nations Development Programme in 
December 2008.  

State of Play 

The programme is being implemented by 24 partners, selected after a call for proposals for local 
projects  by  UNDP.  The  24  on-going  sub-projects  were  agreed  as  a  consensus  with  all  relevant 
public  and  private  stakeholders  of  the  RAAN.  All  interventions  are  in  line  with  the  annual 
investment plans of the four municipalities covered by the programme, which contributes to the 
empowerment  of  municipal  authorities  and  hence  to  the  sustainability  of  the  actions.  By 
December 2009, UNDP had disbursed 42% of IfS funds to the local implementing partners, which 
in  total  have  provided  a  counterpart  of  €  3.38  million.  As  regards  the  livelihood  recovery 
component,  there  are  12  projects,  benefitting  10,600  families,  representing  23%  out  of  the 
population reported by the government to have been affected by Hurricane Felix in the agricultural 
sector.  This  component  is  attending  177  out  of  the  317  communities  of  the  4  municipalities 
attended by the programme. One of the main achievements is the planting of 6,400 hectares of 
staple  food  (maize,  beans,  vegetables,  etc).  These  productive  activities  are  part  of  a  wider 
approach  including  in  most  cases  strengthening  of  the  storage,  processing  and  commercial 
capacities, as well as organisational level, which are not detailed here for the sake of conciseness. 
The 12 actions of the water, sanitation and hygiene improvement component are carried out in 68 
communities of the four targeted municipalities. These aim to increase the coverage of water and 
sanitation  services  to  30,000  people  living  in  rural  and  peri-urban  areas.  Works  and  capacity 
building, as well as notably transfer of new technologies to sectoral stakeholders of the RAAN, are 
on-going.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

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The main focus has initially been on ensuring complementarities with DG ECHO interventions, now 
terminated.  Most  relief  activities  have  phased  out  in  the  affected  region,  while  other  donor 
programmes  are  currently  being  implemented  in  the  area  of  housing  repair/reconstruction. 
Rehabilitation actions are also ending, but there are several other donors launching support in the 
water and sanitation sector, in a longer development perspective, which should allow for a certain 
LRRD  approach.  New  development  interventions  in  the  area  of  livelihood  improvement  are 
scarcer. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Programme  of  Measures  Providing 
Support  to  Palestinian-Israeli  Negotiations 
towards a Peace Agreement 

(2) Gaza Post-Conflict Early Recovery I and II 

Type of measure  Reconciliation  and  Mediation,  Post-Conflict 

Recovery, Security System Reform 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 20/12/2007 

(2) 5/06/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 7,500,000 

Contracted: € 7,500,000 (100%) 

Paid: € 6,875,000 (92%) 

(2) € 20,000,000  

Contracted: € 18,946,569 (95%) 

Paid: € 17,624,580 (93%) 

Start Dates of Sub-
Projects 

(1) 01/02/2008; 03/06/2008;  

(2) 04/02/2009; 17/07/2009 

End Dates 

(1) 15/03/2009; 02/01/2010;  

(2) 03/08/2009; 16/07/2010 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Context of Instability 

The  EU  has,  over  the  past  years,  provided  support  to  Palestinian-Israeli  negotiations.  It  has  also 
supported the Palestinian Authority in building the institutions of the future democratic state. The 
post-Annapolis  peace  negotiations,  however,  broke  down  in  the  run  up  to  the  2008-2009  Gaza 
conflict.  This  military  action,  compounding  the  Israeli  blockade  of  the  Gaza  Strip  in  place  since 
2007, triggered the complete meltdown of the Gaza economy. In addition to the 1400 lives lost, 
thousands lost their livelihoods. Reconstruction, to which the international community (including 
the EU) committed itself at the February 2009 Donor Conference in Sharm el Sheikh, remains all 
but  impossible  due  to  the  blockade.  The  socio-economic  situation  of  the  inhabitants  has 
deteriorated, in particular as regards health, as have environmental conditions and crucial public 
infrastructure. The Palestinian internal division persists and the plight of the civilian population in 
Gaza, half of which are children, continues to worsen.  

Short Description 

(1) Programme of Measures Providing Support to Palestinian-Israeli Negotiations towards a Peace 
Agreement – Immediately after the Middle East peace conference in Annapolis on 27 November 
2007, the Commission adopted a programme of measures providing support to Palestinian-Israeli 
negotiations  towards  a  peace  agreement,  for  €  7.5  million.  The  programme  was  adopted  in 
December  2007  as  an  immediate  response  to  the  undertakings  agreed  between  Israel  and  the 

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Palestinians  at  Annapolis  and  the  EU  Action  Strategy  for  Peace  in  the  Middle  East  which  was 
endorsed by EU Foreign Ministers on 19 November 2007.  

It  finances  two  actions  with  the  overall  objective  of  contributing  to  Palestinian-Israeli  peace 
negotiations, re-launched in Annapolis. The actions provide support to international mediation and 
Palestinian  security  performance  in  line  with  the  Road  Map  and  the  EU  strategy.  International 
mediation  was  strengthened  by  providing  operational  and  logistical  support  to  the  Office  of  the 
Quartet  Representative,  Tony  Blair,  and  his  staff  based  in  Jerusalem  (€  2.5  m).  Support  for 
improved  Palestinian  security  performance  (€  5  m)  was  achieved  by  building  the  operational 
capacity  of  the  Palestinian  Civil  Police  in  line  with  the  Road  Map,  notably  through  provision  of 
equipment, in close co-ordination with the European Security and Defence Policy mission, EUPOL 
COPPS.  

(2) Gaza Post-Conflict Early Recovery I and II - The Gaza post-conflict early recovery programme, 
initially  for  €  14.5  m,  was  adopted  by  the  Commission  on  5  June  2009  with  the  aim  of 
contributing to the conditions necessary for reconstruction and sustainable development after the 
January  2009  conflict.  The  measure  is  supporting  the  UNRWA  Job  Creation  Programme  (€  13 
million),  and  the  UNMAS  programme  of  clearance  and  disposal  of  unexploded  ordnance  (€  1.5 
million).  Later  in  2009  the  deterioration  of  public  health  among  the  refugee  population  in  Gaza 
required  urgent  action  to  prevent  a  public  health  crisis  and  two  additional  components  were 
added. These components provide support to the UNRWA Primary Health Care Programme and to 
the  Special  Environmental  Health  Programme  in  Gaza.  The  additional  components  added  €  5.5 
million to reach a total amount of € 20 million for the overall programme.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Programme of Measures Providing Support to Palestinian-Israeli Negotiations towards a Peace 
Agreement  -  Through  its  support  to  the  Office  of  the  Quartet  Representative  (OQR),  the 
Commission covered about one third of the overall cost of € 8 million for the first 12-18 months of 
operations. The remainder is being and will be provided by the UN and other donors, including the 
US, UK and Norway. The OQR achieved, inter alia, progress in the following areas: (i) Entry permits 
into Israel: 5000 work permits have been approved. The OQR and QR had pressed this issue as an 
important contributor to Palestinian economic growth and employment; (ii) Gaza cash: The QR’s 
intervention helped encourage Israel to permit the entry of substantial amounts in 2008 and the 
OQR continues to press for a systematic mechanism for monthly facilitation; (iii) Checkpoints: the 
OQR continues to push for the full implementation of its 13 May 2008 "package" which identified 
12 key strategic obstacles that should be removed or changed to improve the flow of trade, goods, 
services and people across the West Bank; and (iv) Security: There is broad consensus today on 
the  increasing  willingness  by  the  IDF  to  facilitate  the  efforts  of  the  PA  police  in  the  West  Bank, 
witnessed also by IDF permits for twenty new police stations. 

Concerning the 2nd component, EUPOL COPPS identified, together with the Palestinian Civil Police 
(PCP),  the  following  for  urgent  material  support:  vehicles,  uniforms  and  communication 
equipment.  Principally,  the  following  has  been  achieved:  135  vehicles  of  different  models  have 
been  procured  and  delivered  to  the  PCP.  A  new  radio  tower  is  operational,  awaiting  a  back-up 
generator  which  has  not  yet  been  cleared  by  the  Israeli  authorities  and  remains  in  the  port  of 
Ashdod.  The  originally  foreseen  uniforms  were  replaced  by  vehicles  at  the  request  of  the 
beneficiary.  Due  to  delays  in  Israeli  clearance  of  procured  items  at  the  point  of  import,  the 
contract with UNOPS (UN Office for Project Services) to implement the component was extended 
by six months until 2 January 2010. Due to cost savings in project implementation, a further 48 
vehicles were procured for the police and currently await clearance at the Israeli port of Ashdod. 

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(2) Gaza Post-Conflict Early Recovery I and II - The programme supports actions such as clean-up 
operations  and  support  to  the  reinvigoration  of  the  private  sector  through  a  “cash  for  work” 
scheme,  as  well  as  primary  health  care  and  environmental  protection.  These  early  recovery 
actions  are  implemented  through  the  United  Nations  Relief  and  Works  Agency  (UNRWA).  The 
programme  also  supports  the  clearance  and  safe  disposal  of  unexploded  ordnance  (UXO)  and 
other hazardous remnants of war carried out by the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS). 
The  action  is  currently  implemented  through  grants  to  UN  agencies,  given  the  difficulty  of 
operations  in  the  Gaza  Strip.  Principally  the  following  has  been  achieved:  UNRWA  delivered 
emergency  primary  health  care  and  urgent  environmental  protection  activities  for  a  five  month 
period  through  17  primary  health  care  centres  and  through  maintenance  of  environmental 
infrastructure  and  conditions.  UNRWA  was  able  to  provide  employment  opportunities  to  10,903 
Gazans with private companies, UNRWA services, local utilities and service providers and in solid 
waste  management.  Five  explosive  ordnance  disposal  teams  were  deployed  and  coordinated  by 
UNMAS.  The  teams  assessed  956  potentially  affected  sites,  and  75  training  sessions  were 
provided on general UXO safety, training of trainers in UXO safety and rubble removal. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

(1) Programme of Measures Providing Support to Palestinian-Israeli Negotiations towards a Peace 
Agreement - The OQR team consists of full or half-time seconded staff and liaises closely with the 
Quartet members (EU, US, UN and Russia) as well as the two parties (Israel and the PA) to take 
forward actions under the mandate of the QR. IfS support provides vital capacity in furthering this 
policy  agenda.  In  addition,  the  OQR  liaises  closely  with  the  EU  Representative,  EUSR  and  has 
integrated itself into the local aid coordination structure. As for the 2nd component, the project has 
been guided by EUPOL COPPS. The Commission has built on the initial IfS support in this sector 
with contributions under the bilateral programme for the construction of a Police Training Centre 
and  security  compounds  in  Nablus  and  Jenin,  thus  contributing  in  a  holistic  way  to  the 
achievement of the objectives for the rule of law sector set out at the Berlin Conference in June 
2008 and providing a more conducive enabling environment for the wider peace process.  

(2)  Gaza  Post-Conflict  Early  Recovery  I  and  II  -  The  Gaza  post-conflict  early  recovery  programme 
has  provided  vital  early  recovery  actions  in  the  Gaza  Strip  during  a  time  when  normal  response 
mechanisms,  with  the  exception  of  humanitarian  aid,  have  been  blocked  by  the  continuing 
blockade of the Gaza Strip by the Israeli authorities. They have assisted in immediate recovery in 
the Gaza Strip, beyond ENPI funds allocated for Palestinian Authority salaries and social benefits. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
PAKISTAN 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Support to Electoral Reforms  
(2)  Civilian  capacity  building  for  law 
enforcement in Pakistan 

(3)  Support  to  Post  Crisis  Needs 
Assessment in Pakistan (PCNA) 

Type of measure  Rule of Law, Security System Reform, 
Post-Conflict Recovery 

Dates of Adoption of 
IfS Decisions 

(1) 18/08/2009 

(2) 18/12/2009 

(3) 30/11/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 2,400,000  

(3) € 300,000 

Contracted: € 2,387,720 

Contracted: € 300,000 

Paid: € 898,463 

(2) € 15,000,000 

Contracted: € 11,500,000 

Paid: € 3,450,000 

Paid: € 0 

Totals: 

Committed: € 17,700,000 

Contracted: € 14,187,720 

Paid: € 4,348,463 

(1) 11/12/2009; (2) 01/03/2010; (3) 30/10/2009 

(1) 11/06/2011; (2) 30/06/2011; (3) 18/08/2010 

Start Dates of 
Projects 

End Dates 

Context of Instability 
Pakistan  is  at  the  centre  of  the  international  security  debate,  with  its  political  system  facing 
numerous challenges, including the fight against radical Islamist movements as well as the urgent 
need for improving credibility and effectiveness of its civilian institutions. While the February 2008 
elections passed relatively peacefully with results accepted, the EU Election Observation Mission 
(EOM)  emphasised  that  there  are  profound  enduring  electoral  problems  in  Pakistan.  The  EOM 
recommendations were – despite some critical findings - generally accepted by all stakeholders, 
including the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). The most visible aspect of Pakistan’s crisis 
is the difficult security situation in parts of the country, in particular those close to the border with 
Afghanistan,  southern  Punjab  and  Sindh.  An  insurgency  continues  in  large  parts  of  the  border 
region, including challenges posed by non-state actors to the writ of the state and a consequent 
gradual deterioration of the law and order situation in the crisis-hit areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 
(KPK, formerly North West Frontier Province, NWFP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas 
(FATA). In 2009, in the wake of attempts by insurgents to override the government’s writ in even 
the  settled  districts  of  KPK,  the  Government  of  Pakistan,  led  by  the  highest  political,  civil  and 
military  echelons,  have  jointly  resolved  to  come  down  hard  on  such  attempts  to  liquidate  state 
authority. As a result, there are around 5 settled districts and a few tribal areas that are currently 
either in crisis or are slowly rebounding from it after the completion of the first round of military 
operations.  Military  operations  and  pitched  battles  (including  guerrilla  warfare)  have  caused  an 

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internal  mass  migration  of  colossal  proportions  from  the  embattled  areas  of  KPK  and  FATA  – 
current (rationalized) figures are hovering around 2.7 million IDPs. The Government has initiated 
an  early  recovery  process,  in  particular  to  address  the  IDP  needs,  but  also  to  re-establish  its 
administrative control in the affected settled districts that are progressively and slowly rebounding 
from  major  conflict.  As  of  early  September  2009,  over  1.65  million  individuals  had  returned  to 
their homes, as reported by government agencies. Security developments in Pakistan impact on 
its neighbours in the region and the wider world. Peace and Stability in Afghanistan and Pakistan 
is  closely  interlinked  and  impacts  also  on  Europe’s  security.  Addressing  these  linkages  and 
challenges, a conference of the Friends of Democratic Pakistan was held in Tokyo in April 2009. In 
a  separate  donor  conference  organised  on  the  same  occasion,  the  international  community 
pledged  substantial  support  for  Pakistan  to  help  in  strengthening  the  state  and  build  capacity. 
Also the European Commission pledged support for Pakistan during this conference. 

Short Description 
(1) Support to Electoral Reforms – This action contributes to advance the electoral reform process 
and  to  enhance  the  capacity  of  parliamentary  and  election  authorities  in  Pakistan.  The  action 
builds  on  the  recommendations  of  the  EU  Election  Observation Mission  (EOM)  report  of  16  April 
2008 on the February elections, which include improving the legislative framework for elections, 
developing the independence and capacity of the election administration, developing the polling 
and results process, ensuring transparency in the compilation of results, enhancing procedures for 
complaints  and  appeals,  improving  the  political  and  campaign  environment,  improving  the 
activities  of  political  parties  and  candidates,  and  strengthening  the  freedom  of  the  media.  The 
action  focuses  on  the  following  areas:  (1)  Increased  Electoral  Reform  activity  by  the  Federal 
Parliament  (namely  the  National  Assembly)  (2)  Improving  the  framework  for  local  elections 
through reporting and assistance to the provincial assemblies; and (3) Improved media coverage 
of  electoral  reform  issues  and  the  local  elections.  Activities  include  provision  of  on-going  expert 
advice,  support  for  stakeholder  consultations,  training  and  briefings  to  parliamentary  members 
including National Assembly and Senate, staff on planning for reform, international standards for 
elections, and parliament’s role in oversight. The action thus contributes to a) help avert a crisis in 
the democratisation process, b) capitalize on the momentum generated by the EOM, c) encourage 
electoral and administrative reforms and d) prepare the ground for the planned DCI intervention. 
The momentum created after the elections needed to be maintained, as the interest in electoral 
reform could otherwise have rapidly diluted and the trend towards democratisation reversed. 

(2) Civilian capacity building for law enforcement in Pakistan - This programme includes measures 
to  strengthen  law  enforcement  agencies,  i.e.  support  to  the  nascent  National  Counter-Terrorism 
Authority (NACTA) as well as support to police forces in KPK and Punjab Province. The programme 
also  supports  media  training  for  law  enforcement  officials,  works  on  the  relations  between  the 
prosecution service and the police in Punjab province and on studies on governance issues in the 
border areas with Afghanistan. 

Improving  the  capacity  of  NACTA  –  Under  this  action,  two  high-level  advisors  are  placed 
permanently in Islamabad for the duration of the project. The two advisors will provide advice on 
the development of Pakistan's counter-terrorism strategy and on NACTA's institutional structure. 

Improving  the  capacity  of  the  provincial  police  forces  in  Khyber  Pakhtunkhwa  and  Punjab  to 
handle counter-terrorism investigations - The project provides support, including both training and 
a  limited  amount  of  non-military,  non-lethal  equipment  (such  as  for  example  communication, 
in  Khyber 
transport)  to 
Pakhtunkhwa  and  Punjab,  consistent  with  relevant  international  human  rights  law.  The  training 
will  be  limited  to  non-military  issues.  Joint  training  of  forces  from  both  provinces  will  allow 

improve  the  counter-terrorism  capabilities  of  the  police  forces 

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economies  of  scale.  It  is  important  to  note  that  these  units  will  focus  on  the  investigation  of 
terrorist  crimes  and  are  separate  from  the  heavily  armed  rapid  reaction  police  forces  which  are 
also  currently  established  with  the  purpose  of  providing  police  forces  capacity  for  immediate 
armed  response  against  attacks.  Respect  for  human  rights  as  a  condition  for  the  long-term 
success of counter-terrorism efforts is at the core of these training efforts. 

Improving  the  ability  of  law  enforcement  agencies  to  handle  media  relations  -  With  the 
development in Pakistan of private and electronic media over the last years, the scale and scope 
of  the  media’s  impact  on  Pakistan’s  society  has  significantly  increased.  Law  Enforcement 
authorities  in  Pakistan  face  an  increasing  demand  to  interact  with  media  representatives,  in 
particular after incidents which raise a public interest like explosions and assaults. However, the 
awareness and experience of law enforcement agencies in this regard is very limited. The action 
will  provide  a  training  package  for  law  enforcement  officials  on  media  issues  with  the  aim  to 
professionalize the media/public relations work of law enforcement authorities in Pakistan at all 
levels.  

Criminal justice in Punjab province – The project provides support with the purpose of improving 
the functioning of the Punjab Criminal Prosecution Service, in particular the parts of the service in 
charge of counter-terrorism, in line with the UN Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors, to enable 
prosecutors  to  interact  more  effectively  with  the  police  and  the  judiciary  and  assist  in 
improvement  of  investigation  standards  by  formulating  and  enforcing  case  review  guidelines, 
while fully respecting the independence and impartiality of the prosecutors service. 

Improving the understanding of governance issues in the tribal areas close to the Afghan border - 
Some  of  the  areas  close  to  the  border  with  Afghanistan  have  been  ruled  since  Pakistan’s 
independence under a system inherited from the colonial period. It has never been fully integrated 
into  Pakistan’s  political  system.  Instead  governance  was  largely  left  to  the  local  tribes  and  their 
traditions  as  well  as  government  appointed  political  agents.  This  IfS  project  will  commission 
studies  to  establish  a  better  knowledge  base  about  the  situation  in  the  tribal  areas  in  order  to 
identify  ways  how  governance  can  be  improved  and  how  EC  support  can  be  delivered  more 
effectively. 

(3)  Support  to  Post  Crisis  Needs  Assessment  in  Pakistan  (PCNA)  -  The  PCNA  focuses  on  sectors 
that  contain  direct  conflict  risks,  as  well  as  those  which  are  critical  to  peace  building  and 
stabilisation. This includes sectors and cross-cutting thematic areas that can deliver a quick peace 
dividend to the population including: (i) beginning of political reforms in FATA; (ii) Increased civil 
society engagement (voice) in public affairs and management, perception of joint responsibility for 
local  development;  (iii)  access  to/use  of  fair  and  speedy  justice;  (iv)  security  sector  reform;  (v) 
creation  of  effective  employment  opportunities;  (vi)  enhancement  of  provision  of  basic  services; 
(vii) promotion of national dialogue on peace building and reconciliation; and (viii) governance and 
service  delivery  reforms  and  institution  building.  Under  the  international  PCNA  guidelines  and 
protocols agreed between the World Bank, the UN and the EU, peace-building will involve a range 
of measures targeted to reduce the risk of lapsing or relapsing into conflict, support the necessary 
local  capacities  and  conditions  for  sustained  peace  and  to  lay  the  foundations  for  sustainable 
peace and development. This action is implemented by an agreement signed directly between the 
EU Delegation and the World Bank in Islamabad.  

Activities and State of Play 
(1)  Support  to  Electoral  Reforms  -  In  December  2009  the  EU  awarded  a  grant  to  Democracy 
Reporting  International  (DRI  –  an  NGO  with  HQ  in  Berlin  and  proven  experience  in  international 
election standards and election reform) to carry out the programme with a duration of 18 months 
and  a  maximum  budget  of  €  2,400,000.  DRI  has  started  the  one-month  inception  phase  of  the 

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programme  in  early  January.  In  preparation  of  the  concrete  support  to  be  provided  through  the 
three components of the programme DRI is conducting a round of meetings with various national 
and  international  stakeholders  active  on  electoral  reform  issues.  These  include  the  donor 
community  as  well  as  the  Deputy  Speaker  of  the  National  Assembly,  the  Spokesperson  of  the 
President,  the  Ministry  of  Human  Rights  and  the  Economic  Affairs  Division  of  the  Ministry  of 
Economic  Affairs  and  Statistics.  Meetings  are  also  held  with  political  party  leaders  of  the 
Parliament,  the  Pakistani Institute  for  Parliamentary  Studies,  members  of  the  Senate  and  other 
stakeholders.  The  EU  Delegation  is  following  closely  the  current  developments  in  relation  to  the 
project. 

(2)  Civilian  capacity  building  for  law  enforcement  in  Pakistan  -  The  main  contract  for  the  action 
has  been  signed  between  the  EU  Delegation  in  Islamabad  and  the  German  Gesellschaft  für 
Technische  Zusammenarbeit  (GtZ)  in  early  2010  for  an  amount  of  €11.5  million.  Experts  have 
been  deployed  and  have  started  building  relations  with  their  counterparts.  Currently  they  are 
assessing training needs and planning training workshops for the next period. Short term experts will 
soon be deployed to initiate full scale activities.  

(3) Support to Post Crisis Needs Assessment in Pakistan (PCNA) - . The PCNA in Pakistan started 
its  work  on  August  19,  2009.  The  Government  leads  the  assessment,  with  substantive  support 
and participation of experts from the World Bank, the EU, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and 
the UN. EU support covers part of the costs of the PCNA mission. PCNA Roadmap: A general PCNA 
Roadmap  was  developed  and  agreed  among  PCNA  partners,  including  GOP.  The  Strategic 
Oversight Council (SOC) headed by the Prime Minister endorsed the objectives and process to be 
followed for the PCNA, as proposed by the core group. The Pakistan PCNA process entailed three 
stages,  including  the  Pre-assessment  Stage,  the  Assessment  Stage  and  the  Validation  and 
Finalisation  Stage.  PCNA  Workplan:  The  evolving  nature  of  the  crisis,  and  the  current  security 
situation,  has  warranted  the  adoption  of  improvised  and  innovative  approaches  towards  the 
execution of the various ongoing activities under the PCNA including a long pre-assessment and 
consultation stage completed only in March 2010. The assessment stage takes place in April-May 
2010, and the validation/finalisation of PCNA is expected end of June-beginning of July 2010.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 
(1)  Support  to  Electoral  Reforms  -  The  IfS  action  is  subject  to  donor  coordination  on  electoral 
reforms in Pakistan at two levels: a) at the monthly meeting of the EU Development Counsellors, 
and  b)  Multilateral:  the  international  stakeholders  active  in  this  area  are  meeting  on  a  monthly 
basis within the framework of the Election support group. The action builds on the EU’s election 
observation missions  to  Pakistan  in  2002  and  2008,  actively  reinforcing  the  EU  commitment  to 
democratic processes in Pakistan, and increasing the impact of the EOMs conducted to date. The 
programme  will  complement  the  long  term  programme  the  European  Commission  is  currently 
planning  for  assistance  to  the  elected  assemblies  under  the  DCI  (Development  Cooperation 
Instrument). 

(2) Civilian capacity building for law enforcement in Pakistan - The action is complementary with 
the EU’s overall policy in South Asia, in particular its commitments to intensify cooperation with 
Pakistan on counter-terrorism. In the light of experience made during the implementation of the 
project, follow-up will be sought in the context of Commission’s geographic financial instruments 
and,  if  justified,  the  IfS.  A  number  of  international  stakeholders  (Canada,  Denmark,  France,  the 
Netherlands  and  the  UK)  showed  a  willingness  and  intention  to  support  the  development  of  a 
Pakistan Counter-Terrorist Strategy and co-ordination through NACTA.  

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(3) Support to Post Crisis Needs Assessment in Pakistan (PCNA) – In the wake of the conflict in 
KPK  and  FATA,  the  Government  of  Pakistan  had  requested  International  Financial  Institutions 
including the WB and the ADB to launch and lead a rapid DNA for medium to long term recovery in 
the conflict affected areas, as well as a joint PCNA. The Government leads the assessment, with 
substantive  support  and  participation  of  experts  from  the  World  Bank,  EU,  ADB  and  UN.  EU 
humanitarian assistance provided by DG ECHO amounts to €72 million in 2009 and €30 million 
in, which now needs to be followed up by early recovery and peace-building activities. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
PERU 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Social Peace and Stability in Emerging 
Crisis Areas in Peru 

(2) Rehabilitation after the Earthquake in 
Southern Areas of Peru 

Type of measure  Regional Peace-building Capacity, 

Reconciliation, Post-Disaster Recovery 

Dates of Adoption of IfS 
Decisions 

(1) 25/04/2008 
(2) 25/08/2008 

Amount(s) 

Start Dates of Projects 

(1) € 2,533,000  
Contracted: € 2,533,000 
Paid: € 1,273,848 
(2) € 3,000,000 
Contracted: € 3,000,000 
Paid: € 2,000,000 
(1) 01/02/2009; (2) 30/10/2008 

Totals: 
Committed: € 5,533,000 
Contracted: € 5,533,000 
Paid: € 3,273,848 

End Dates 

(1) 31/07/2010; (2) 30/04/2010 (extension foreseen) 

Context of Instability 
Relations  between  the  EU  and  Peru,  an  important  partner  in  the  Andean  Community  and  Latin 
America,  are  very  good.  The  EU  has  long  supported  Peruvian  Government  efforts  to  strengthen 
democracy, modernise the state, fight against poverty, and promotes respect of human rights. The 
EU supported the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission created in 2001 to report on 
the  years  of  political  violence,  and  to  provide  recommendations  to  promote  peace  and 
reconciliation in the country. Among the most important challenges Peru faces are the recurrent 
social  conflicts  and  drug  production  and  trafficking  that  remain  a  destabilising  factor  for  the 
country. Moreover, Peru is vulnerable to natural disasters and exposed to earthquakes. In August 
2007, a powerful 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit the coast of Peru, killing at least 337 people and 
injuring hundreds more.  

Short Description 

(1)  Social  Peace  and  Stability  in  Emerging  Crisis  Areas  in  Peru  -  This  IfS  measure  supports  a 
programme,  run  by  UNDP  together  with  the  Conflict  Analysis  and  Prevention  Unit  (UAPC)  of  the 
Prime  Minister’s  Office  (PCM),  to  promote  social  peace  and  stability  in  areas  experiencing 
emerging crises and to ensure recovery after natural disaster that constitutes threats to stability. It 
supports the Government of Peru, and specifically its Conflict Analysis and Prevention Unit (UAPC) 
in the Prime Minister’s Office (PCM).  

(2) Rehabilitation after the earthquake  in Southern areas of Peru - This IfS programme provides 
urgently needed support to the Government of Peru for the reconstruction of the three provinces of 
Castrovirreyna, Yauyos and Huaytara located in the southern part of Peru, severely affected by the 
earthquake  of  15  August  2007,  in  which  many  lives  were  lost  and  almost  100.000  houses 

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destroyed or damaged. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Social Peace and Stability in Emerging Crisis Areas in Peru - Implementation gained strength 
during  the  last  six  months  of  2009.  The  project  has  achieved  the  establishment  of  conflict 
prevention  offices  in  9  regions  in  the  country  and  in  each  Ministry  at  national  level.  The  project 
component dedicated to the training of the public officials working in these offices has also been 
initiated and is currently progressing well. Furthermore the project has contracted consultancies to 
elaborate a proposal on a public policy on conflict prevention and management, as well as a map 
of emerging crisis and conflicts in the country. An early warning system is also under elaboration 
and will supposedly start to function during the first months of 2010. An accompaniment of and 
support to the dialogue process following the conflict between the police, military and indigenous 
groups in Bagua in June 2009, was necessary due to the crucial role of the Prime Minister’s Office 
in  the  established  dialogue  round  tables.  In  2010  the  project  will  continue  with  the  training 
module that is planned to be part of an official diploma on conflict prevention, in coordination with 
an  international  university  (  as  yet  unconfirmed).  Furthermore,  there  will  be  trainings  for 
journalists on their role transferring information before and during a conflict and the work with the 
early warning system and the conflict typology and mapping will be continued. UNDP has asked 
for an additional 6 months to implement the project, which is justified due to the late start-up.  

(2)  Rehabilitation  after  the  earthquake  in  Southern  areas  of  Peru  -  The  primary  focus  of  the 
programme  is  to  implement  activities  to  rehabilitate  water  and  sanitation  infrastructure  and  re-
establish  sustainable  livelihoods  and  income  generating  activities  at  the  local  level.  The  main 
beneficiaries  will  be  the  communities  which  benefited  from  the  two  previous  emergency 
humanitarian  aid  decisions  by  DG  ECHO  worth  a  total  of  €  8  million  and  implemented  between 
August  2007  and  April  2008.  The  population  of  these  communities  amounts  to  approximately 
50,000 people of the total estimated 260,000 who were affected by the earthquake. The project 
started on 30 October 2008 with the official signature of the agreement between the Government 
of  Peru,  GTZ  and  European  Commission.  In  November  2008,  the  project  team  began  with 
preliminary  meetings  held  with  the  national  disaster  management  institution,  the  EU  supported 
regional disaster prevention project and suitable NGOs for the project implementation. The project 
realised  as  well  internal  planning  workshops  to  define  the  implementation  approach.  The 
provincial coordinators started field activities and presented draft workplans to the provincial and 
district  governments.  A  participative  inventory  of  local  initiatives  and  proposals  was  realised  to 
complement  the  data  basis  for  agreements  with  the  local  governments  and  municipalities  on 
implementation modalities.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

(1) Social Peace and Stability in Emerging Crisis Areas in Peru – The action is fully in line with the 
EU  strategy  in  the  country  and  a  previous  EU  project  under  the  Rapid  Reaction  Mechanism.  The 
Country  Strategy  Paper  2007-2013  includes  –  in  a  direct  or  indirect  way  -  support  to  actions 
related to some of the components pointed out in this project. The DCI Annual Action Programme 
2008 for Peru focused directly on integrated development of the poorest regions of the country, 
including those most affected by violence and illegal traffics.  

(2) Rehabilitation after the earthquake in Southern areas of Peru - Activities of DIPECHO and DG 
ECHO have been linked to this project. German cooperation has enhanced the implementation of 
the project through its own development activities. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
PHILIPPINES 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Support  to  the  Peace  Process  in  the 
Southern Philippines 

(2)  EU  Justice  Assistance  Mission  (EUJAM), 
subsequently 
renamed  Europe-Philippines 
Justice Assistance Programme (EPJUST) 

Type of measure  Regional  Peacebuilding  Capacity,  Mediation 
and Reconciliation; Support to rule of Law in 
the context of Extra-judicial Killings 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 17/12/2008 

(2) 17/04/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 1,000,000 

Contracted: € 1,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 792,881 

(2) € 3,900,000 

Contracted: € 2,200,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 660,000  

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) 2009; (2) 2009 

End Date 

(1) 2010; (2) 12/2010 

Context of Instability 

(1)  Violent  conflict  was  first  ignited  in  the  Southern  Philippines  when  some  “Moro”  groups 
launched an armed struggle for ancestral homelands in the region, which developed into a quest 
for  autonomy.  Conflict  has  claimed  more  than  120,000  lives  over  the  last  three  decades,  and 
furthermore,  by  the  end  of  2008  some  400,000  were  displaced  from  their  homes.  Ceasefire 
negotiations  between  the  government  and  the  Moro  Islamic  Liberation  Front  (MILF)  have  been 
underway since 1996, but have repeatedly broken down, most recently following a Supreme Court 
Decision  that  a  hard-won  agreement  on  Ancestral  Homelands  was  unconstitutional.  The  peace 
process  with  the  break-away  MILF,  on  which  current  discussions  are  based,  has  been  further 
complicated  in  recent  years  by  reports  of  cooperation  between  elements  of  the  MILF  and 
international jihadist groups.  

 (2)  There  has  been  much  debate  in  the  Philippines  on  how  many  extra-judicial  killings  and 
enforced disappearances there have been since 2000. The numbers, in several hundreds, have led 
to only one prosecution to date. 

In  2007,  UN  Human  Rights  Council  Special  Rapporteur  on  extrajudicial,  summary,  or  arbitrary 
executions,  Richard  Alston,  and  retired  Supreme  Court  Justice  Jose  Melo  have  each  drawn  up 

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reports addressing media and activist killings. Following a request to the Commission President, 
by  President  Arroyo  to  assist,  two  EU  missions  then  drew  up  programme  for  IfS  financing, 
including a monitoring process, inclusive of all stakeholders.  

In  2008  and  early  2009,  there  were  some  indications  that  extra-judicial  killings  and  enforced 
disappearances  were  reducing,  but  with  Presidential  elections  scheduled  in  2010,  there  have 
been  a  renewed  escalation  in  killings.  For  example,  on  5th  April  2009,  the  National  Union  of 
Journalists  of  the  Philippines  has  asked  the  Philippine  Commission  on  Human  Rights  to 
investigate  cases  of  harassment  in  Davao,  following  a  spate  of  summary  killings  of  suspected 
petty  criminals  allegedly  perpetuated  by  a  so-called  Davao  Death  Squad,  and  on  23  November 
there were 57 killed, including the largest number of journalists ever, in a single incident (30). 

Short Description 

(1)  The  objective  of  this  Stability  Instrument  intervention  is  to  support  the  peace  process  in  the 
southern  Philippines,  through  the  activities  of  two  international  NGOs  and  one  national  NGO 
in  promoting,  from  differing  but  complementary 
Network  which  are  particularly  active 
perspectives,  lasting  peace  in  the  region.  They  do  so  by  facilitating  dialogue  among  the  parties 
and  stakeholders  to  the  conflict,  which  includes  the  Government,  the  armed  forces  of  the 
Philippines,  the  rebels  groups,  the  local  power  structures  and  civil  society  at  large.  They  also 
contribute  to  the  monitoring  of  the  cease-fire  between  the  Government  and  the  MILF  and  the 
prevention  of  escalation  triggers  and  Human  Rights  violations,  through  the  maintenance  of  an 
effective  reporting  capacity  and  presence  on  the  ground.  Finally,  working  with  NGOs  and  other 
actors at grassroots level, the interventions will provide training and support to community groups 
to develop local initiatives to support the population in the environment of insecurity.  

(2)  The  action  provides  support  to  the  key  State  agencies  charged  with  the  investigation, 
prosecution  and  judicial  pursuit  of  extra-judicial  killings  and  enforced  disappearances,  with 
monitoring the government's response to these issues. A modest amount of forensic or computer 
equipment  may  also  be provided,  in particular  for  the  strengthening of  investigative  practices  in 
selected  pilot  regions,  or  for  the  strengthening  of  national  government  monitoring  mechanisms. 
Help for the Commission on Human Rights (CHR), in relation to the monitoring and investigation of 
these crimes, and the protection and support of witnesses or the families of victims. In addition, 
support  for  civil  society  bodies,  in  relation  to  the  monitoring,  provision  of  legal  assistance  or 
protection to witnesses and the families of victims, and the promotion of public and professional 
awareness  of  relevant  human  rights  standards  and  best  practices.  Curriculum  development  in 
relation  to  international  human  rights  standards  for  the  uniformed  services  and  support  to 
establish  a  National  Monitoring  Mechanism,  bringing  together  state  agencies  and  civil  society 
organisations is being provided. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1) The first programme consists of three components:  

1.  The  Centre  for  Humanitarian  Dialogue  (CHD)  works  with  the  Government  of  the 
Philippines,  MILF,  MNLF,  Malaysian  and  other  Governments  involved  in  monitoring,  civil 
society and the Organisation of Islamic Conference, in preparing and facilitating renewed 
dialogue.  In  Sulu,  it  supports  the  Government  of  the  Philippines-MNLF  Peace  Working 
Group (PWG) in their efforts to prevent, contain, and resolve conflict between the armed 
forces of the MNLF and the Government, and will also continue to address other causes of 

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violence based on clan, weapons proliferation, and private armed groups. The CHD began 
operations  in  August  1999  and  is  today  a  very  well-respected  conflict  mediation 
organisation. 

2.  The  Nonviolent  Peace  Force’s  (NVPF)  key  activities  include  regular  patrolling  and  stable 
protective  presence  in  most  vulnerable  communities,  especially  in  buffer  zones  or  other 
volatile  areas.  Specific  cases  of  human  rights  violations  and  other  specific  threats  to 
civilian  populations  will  be  documented  and  reported  to  national  and  international 
authorities.  NVPF  works  with  regional  offices  of  the  Human  Rights  Commission  of  the 
Philippines  in  an  active  response  to  human  rights  abuses,  and  liaises  with  international 
NGOs and official bodies to encourage direct engagement. Special emphasis will be given 
to supporting and encouraging women’s engagement in these processes.  

rights,  peace  advocacy,  quick 

3.  The  Mindanao  People’s  Caucus  (MPC)  works  at  the  grassroots  level  to  broaden  and 
expand the consultation processes among the various stakeholders in Mindanao in order 
to  ensure  transparency,  participation,  and  ownership  of  the  peace  process.  Activities 
include  human 
reporting, 
encouragement  of  participation  of  women  in  peace  and  security  processes,  and  the 
capacity  and  skills-building  of  women  in  the  conflict  affected  areas,  allowing  them  to 
effectively participate in the peace building and mediation efforts. The MPC acts as a local 
umbrella organisation for some 35 local NGOs. The project activities commenced in early 
2009,  and  have  been  very  successful.  The  Implementing  partners  are  well  respected 
locally. 

response  and 

timely 

(2) Given the sensitivity at a national level, and within civil society, the programme started slowly, 
by  negotiating  a  Financing  Agreement  with  the  Government,  signed  finally on 8th  October  2009, 
the  key  to  implementation.  The  following  month  two  key  resident  members  of  the  Technical 
assistance team carried out their first mission to the country, to make initial contact, and prepare 
the ground for detailed implementation to commence at the beginning of 2010. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

(1) Follow-up actions which will build on this programme includes on-going EU support to the multi-
donor  Mindanao  Trust  Fund  (MTF),  support  to  the  long  and  short  term  displaced  populations  in 
Mindanao,  including  a  €  3  million  support  to  over  150,000  displaced  persons.  In  addition  to  a 
long-term  health  programme  in  the  region,  of  over  €  20  million,  a  number  of  projects  also 
complement  this  programme,  through  capacity-building  of  local  organisations  of  human  rights 
defenders  and  other  civil  society  groups  for  better  claim-making,  consensus  building  on 
controversial or disputed policy areas, improved local governance, and access to social services by 
marginalised  and  vulnerable  groups.  .  Towards  the  end  of  2009,  the  NGOs  involved  have  been 
requested by the Government and the MILF to undertake a formal role in the cease-fire process, in 
the international contact group (CHD) and International Monitoring Team (NVPF and MPC), which 
may also be financed through the IfS. 

(2)  In  the  context  of  the  mid-term  review  of  the  2007-2013  Strategy  Paper  for  the  Philippines, 
actions to follow on from all governance and access to justice for the poor programmes have been 
considered, to ensure sustainability of project results. In particular, based on the outcome of the 
work  of  this  programme,  co-operation  actions  on  aspects  of  rule  of  law  and  justice  will  be 
emphasised. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SENEGAL 

Title of IfS Decision  Technical  support  to  the  organisation  of  the 

trial of Hissène Habré 

Type of measure  Transitional Justice 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

27/11/2009 
Facility) 

Amount(s)  € 200,000  

(under  Transitional 

Justice 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009 € 200,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 160,000  

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Start Date of 
Project 

06/12/2009 

End Date  05/12/2010 

Context of Instability 

The former Chadian dictator Hissène Habré, who lives in exile in Senegal, is alleged responsible for 
the killing of thousands of people during this tenure as head of state (1982-1990). Killings include 
massacres against ethnic groups, politically-motivated murders and physical torture.  

In  2005,  Belgium  indicted  Hissène  Habré  under  its  universal  competence  for  crimes  against 
humanity,  torture,  war  crimes  and  other  human  rights  violations.  At  the  end  of  2006,  the 
procedure was suspended after Senegal’s commitment to try the dictator on behalf of the African 
Union (AU). In January 2008, the Commission deployed a mission of high-level EU experts to help 
the  Government  of  Senegal  in  preparing  the  trial’s  organization.  This  mission  established  a 
roadmap  setting  out  the  measures  that  should  be  taken  by  the  authorities  to  ensure  a  sound 
organization of  the  trial.  Such  measures  include the  need  for  a  revision of  some  legal  texts,  the 
definition  of  the  prosecution  strategy,  the  revision  of  the  budget  and  other  organizational 
requirements.  

The Senegalese authorities have until now made significant efforts to adapt the national judicial 
framework  to  allow  the  conduct  of  the  trial  in  Senegal.  However,  there  is  still  urgent  need  to 
finalise  the  budget  and  the  prosecutorial  strategy  in  order  to  ensure  a  timely  trial  which  has 
become a major issue in the dialogue between Senegal, the AU and the EU. The trial will help to 
promote  peace  and  stability  in  the  ongoing  Chadian  crisis  and  will  be  a  precedent  to  uphold 
accountability and check the culture of impunity in the African continent.  

Short Description 

Following February 2009 request of the AU Assembly of Heads of States and Governments for the 
trial’s  budget  to  be  finalised  quickly,  the  call  of  the  AU-EU  troika  on  the  various  parties  to 
cooperate and the request of the Senegalese Government for technical support for the revision of 
the trial budget, the EU decided to provide support to deploy specialised high level experts to help 
the  authorities  and  other  key  actors  to  organise  the  trial  in  order  to  ensure an  early  start  of  the 

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process.  The  expertise  is  deployed  for  short  terms  periods  at  the  request  of  the  relevant 
authorities  and  in  consultation  with  the  African  Union  and  the  international  community.  The 
assignment  of  each  specific  mission 
joint  manner  considering  the 
is  established 
developments achieved.  

in  a 

Activities and State of Play 

The first mission took place in Dakar from 7 to 12 December. The EU deployed a team of three 
experts,  led  by  Mr.  Von  Hebel,  Deputy  Registrar  of  the  Special  Tribunal  for  Lebanon  and  team 
leader of  the  project,  which closely  worked  with  two  representatives  of  the  AU  Commission.  The 
mission made a first assessment of the stage of trial’s preparations and of the legal capacity of 
the  Senegalese  prosecutorial  and  judicial  authorities.  It  initiated  the  dialogue  with  the  relevant 
authorities  to  establish  a  completion  strategy  and  consulted  the  international  community  for 
evaluating their capacity and willingness to support the process.  

Based on the outcome of the first mission, the team is now :  

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

developing  elements  for  the  prosecutorial  strategy,  the  outreach  and  the  witness 
support and protection 

finalising the budget 

selecting the physical structure to held the trial 

elaborating a model for the management of international contributions. 

 A second mission is expected to be carried out in early 2010 with the aim, among else, to get an 
agreement on the budget required and to organize a donor roundtable.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

This action complements EU Member States bilateral contributions to the organisation of the trial 
as  well  as  the  EU's  efforts  in  the  fight  against impunity  in  the  African  Continent  deployed  under 
different instruments.  

The  support  is  in  line  with  the  IfS  support  to  the  EU-AU  expert  meeting  on  universal  jurisdiction 
which was held in Brussels and Addis in the first semester of the year. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SIERRA LEONE 

Title of IfS Decision  CTN  Sierra  Leone,  a  Model  for  Public  Service 
Broadcasting in Support of Transitional Justice 
Processes 

Type of measure  Rule of Law and Transitional Justice 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

20/03/2009  (under  the  IfS  Facility  for  urgent 
actions involving transitional justice initiatives) 

Amount(s)  € 1,150,000 

Contracted: € 1,149,707 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 612,030 

Start Date of 
Project 

01/04/2009 

End Date  30/09/2010 

Context of Instability 

Following  its  emergence  in  2002  from  eleven  years  of  civil  war,  Sierra  Leone  remains  a  fragile 
state.  The  last  UN  peacekeepers  withdrew  in  December  2005,  leaving  responsibility  for  security 
with  domestic  forces,  supported  by  the  UK,  and  a  new  civilian  UN  office  remains  to  support  the 
government. Despite the country's impressive mineral and agricultural wealth, the government is 
almost  entirely  dependent  on  donors  to  provide  basic  services  to  its  population.  Fundamental 
issues such as corruption, youth unemployment and basic sustainable development still need to 
be tackled although some progress has been made in the areas of institution building, respect for 
human rights and reform of the security sector. The elections of the opposition leader Ernest Bai 
Koroma as president in 2007 signalled renewed hope for the country’s political stability and the 
implementation  of  widely  needed  reforms.  However,  the  slow  pace  of  reforms  and  its  negative 
impacts  on  good  governance  and  the  service  delivery  capacity  of  the  state  remains  a  profound 
challenge.  Widespread  dissatisfaction  over  widening  socio-economic  problems,  the  new  APC 
government in line with the international community will have to try hard to maintain its image as 
a post-conflict success story.  

In early 2009 a sudden and worrying outbreak of political violence and intolerance underlined the 
fragile nature of the democratic process in the country. A new round of conflict was prevented by 
the  determination  of  the  President  and  the  commitment  of  senior  political  party  leaders  of  the 
governing  party,  (APC)  and  the  main  opposition  party,  (SLPP).  Radio  stations  owned  by  both 
political  parties  contributed  to  the  atmosphere  of  political  intolerance.  After  immediately 
suspending  their  activities,  the  Independent  Media  Commission  on  8  July  announced  that  the 
licences of the radio stations owned by APC and SLPP would be withdrawn. In the meanwhile, on 
23 July the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation Act 2009 was passed by  Parliament. The bill 
provides  the  legal  basis  for  the  creation  of  an  independent  national  broadcaster.  However, 
national and international stakeholders are concerned that some of the provisions in the bill could 
undermine the independence of the broadcasting corporation.  

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Short Description 

Support  to  CTN  –  Following  the  2007  elections,  power  was  successfully  transferred  from  Sierra 
Leone People’s Party (SLPP) to the opposition All People’s Congress (APC).However, this outcome 
has  visibly  increased  frictions  between  the  two  parties,  whose  relations  have  traditionally  been 
characterised by bitterness and distrust. In an increasingly polarised environment, both sides have 
begun operating radio stations, using them to disseminate their party messages and to broadcast 
inflammatory  remarks.  Against  this  background  of  mounting  tensions,  it  is  essential  to  ensure 
broad support to the efforts being undertaken within Sierra Leone’s transitional justice institutions 
to  consolidate  peace  and  fight  impunity,  in  particular  to  support  the  work  of  the  SCSL  and  the 
implementation of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Key to the 
success of these activities is to ensure that they get appropriate media coverage so that the local 
population  can  receive  politically  unbiased  information,  which  is  produced  in  a  professional, 
objective  and  independent  manner.  Given  an  illiteracy  rate  of  almost  70%  and  very  limited 
coverage  by television,  radio  is  the  major and  most  important  medium  and  is  widely  listened  to 
throughout  the  country.  The  Commission  used  the  IfS  Transitional  Justice  Facility  to  provide 
funding to this project aiming at ensuring that independent professional radio coverage of these 
issues is available in Sierra Leone. The key is to ensure appropriate media coverage so that the 
local population can receive politically unbiased information, which is produced in a professional, 
objective and independent manner.  

Activities and State of Play 
Support to CTN – the project works in two main areas; i) Supporting the efforts of the government 
of Sierra Leone towards privatisation of the state radio and television mainly by providing training 
to journalists, editors and technicians of the future Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC), 
and  ii)  ensuring  in  the  interim  the  continuation  of  CTN  radio  broadcasts,  an  independent, 
professionally run radio station, providing important coverage on subjects such as justice, human 
rights,  etc.,  which  currently  reaches  some  25%  of  all  radio  listeners  in  Sierra  Leone  daily.  CTN 
financing  had  been  assured  by  Irish  Aid  but  came  to  an  end  in  April  2009.  The  IfS  measure  is 
implemented through the Fondation Hirondelle, which has been operating CTN radio for the last 
two  years  and  has  significant  expertise  in  assisting  with  privatisation  of  state-owned  media 
enterprises. The IfS covers the cost of the capacity-building activities in view of the set up of SLBC 
and provides funding to ensure the continuation of CTN broadcasts until 2010 when its handover 
to an all Sierra Leonean radio operation is foreseen.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 
The  support  to  CTN,  complement  several  interventions  under  the  European  Instrument  for 
Democracy aiming to contribute to the development and consolidation of democracy and the rule 
of  law,  and  respect  for  all  human  rights  and  fundamental  freedoms.  In  line  with  the  2007  EU 
Election  Observation  Mission’s  recommendations,  which  highlighted  the  need  to  strengthen  the 
role of the media in the election environment, the IfS intervention create synergies with the EDF 
electoral support and with the UN Peace Building support to the creation of an independent Sierra 
Leone  Broadcasting  Corporation  (SLBC).  It  underscores  the  EU’s  strong  commitment  in  the  fight 
against  impunity  and  stability  in  Sierra  Leone.  IfS  support  is  also  complementary  with  Member 
States bilateral contributions to the SCSL and with the EDF support to SCSL which is aimed surely 
at  outreach  activities  such  as  archiving,  documentation,  video  screening  of  trials  and  training 

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programmes  that  target  and  promote  the  participation  of  all  Sierra  Leoneans  in  all  aspects  of 
SCSL work. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SOLOMON ISLANDS 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Technical support to the establishment of 
the  Truth  and  Reconciliation  Commission 
(TRC) in the Solomon Islands (SI)  

(2) Support to the operations of the SI TRC 

Type of measure  Reconciliation 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1)  18/06/2008  (under  the 
facility)  

IfS  “PAMF” 

(2)  28/07/2009  (under  the  IfS  “Transitional 
Justice” facility) 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 300,000  

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 299,202 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 239,362 

(2) 1,500,000 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 1,500,000 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 900,250 

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) 15/06/2008  

(2) 1/10/2009 

End Date 

(1) 30/10/2009  

(2) 30/03/2011 

Context of Instability 

The  Solomon  Islands  descended  into  ethnic  violence  between  1997  and  2003,  and  since  then 
tension and violent incidents persist. Much of the violence was committed by rival ethnic armed 
groups  from  the  islands  of  Guadalcanal  and  Malaita.  These  groups  took  advantage  of  ethnic 
tensions  between  Malaitan  settlers  on  Guadalcanal  and  the  island's  indigenous  residents.  The 
Isatabu  Freedom  Movement,  which  was  made  up  by  indigenous  residents  of  the  island  of 
Guadalcanal,  fought  for  several  years  with  the  Malaita  Eagle  Force,  a  militia  group  comprised 
mainly of residents and settlers from Malaita. The two groups fought for political power, jobs and 
land rights, especially on the island of Guadalcanal.  

The  violence  was  finally  quelled  by  the  Australian-led  Regional  Assistance  Mission  to  Solomon 
Islands (RAMSI), which was invited into the country by the government of former Prime Minister 
Allan  Kemakeza  in  2003.  RAMSI  is  still  operating  in  the  Solomon  Islands  as  peacekeepers.  The 
Solomon  Islands’  legacy  of  impunity  for  past  human  rights  crimes  is  one  of  the  key  factors 
hampering the path of the country to stability and full respect of human rights. Many of the current 
challenges  that  the  country  faces  nowadays  stem  directly  from  the  unresolved  issues  of  the 
conflict between Malaitans and Guales. In 2009, a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (SI TRC) 
has  been  established  to  investigate  the  causes  of  the  ethnic  violence  that  gripped  the  Solomon 
Islands between January 1998 and July 2003. 

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Short Description 

The  new  Solomon  Island  Government  (SIG),  which  took  office  in  December  2007,  made  the 
national reconciliation its top priority and, during the first EU-SI political dialogue in March 2008, 
requested the EU’s support for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The SIG confirmed this 
request in May 2009 during the 2nd Political Dialogue. The SI TRC Bill was voted by the Parliament 
in June 2008 and it was then essential that the EU assures its intervention before the legislative 
process started in order to help establish a credible and sound TRC.  

The IfS support consists of two different measures. The first, (1) Support to the establishment of 
the  SI  TRC,  implemented  from  June  2008  to  September  2009,  was  designed  to  help  the 
Government  of  Solomon  Island  to  establish  a  reconciliation  strategy  and  a  credible  Truth  and 
Reconciliation Commission (TRC).  

The  second,  (2)  Support  to  the  operations  of  the  SI  TRC,  implemented  from  September  2009, 
provides direct assistance to the TRC work. The measures assist the Solomon Islands to establish 
and run a credible TRC process as a way towards justice for past human rights violations. The aim 
is  to  support  the  national  reconciliation  process  in  order  to  minimise  the  risk  of  new  political 
violence based on past ethnic conflicts.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1) Support to the establishment of the SI TRC - This first measure has been implemented by the 
International  Centre  of  Transitional  Justice  (ICTJ)  from  June  2008  to  September  2009  and  has 
ensured the successful establishment of an independent and robust TRC in full respect of national 
ownership.  The  project  has  brought  transitional  justice  expertise  and  experience  to  local 
stakeholders  and  provided  advice  and  technical  assistance  to  the  TRC  project  planning  and 
organisation  when  necessary.  It  has  support  the  activities  of  the  Ministry  of  National  Unity, 
Reconciliation  and  Peace  (MNURP)  and  the  TRC  Steering  Committee.  It  has  proven  to  be  highly 
relevant  to  facilitate  the  selection  and  the  training  of  the  Commissioners,  to  enhance  the 
inclusiveness of the process and to promote the coordination of the assistance.  

(2) Support to the operations of the SI TRC - From September 2009, the TRC is fully operational 
and benefits, for the implementation of its Action Plan, of coordinated international contributions 
which are channelled through the International Support Facility (TRC-ISF) managed by UNDP. The 
second  IfS  measure  supports  this  international  initiative  and  provides,  through  ICTJ,  specialised 
technical advice to the TRC works. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

These  actions  complement  international  assistance  aiming  at  rebuilding  and  strengthening  law 
and  order  in  the  country.  They  are  part  of  a  coordinated  international  response  to  the  specific 
request  of  the  Government  regarding  the  national  reconciliation  process,  to  which  currently 
participate UNDP, New Zealand and Australia.  

The  Commission’s  active  involvement  in  the  process  has  been  critical  for  the  evolution  of  the 
process  and  the  IfS  intervention  has  contributed  to  raise  the  EU  political  dialogue  with  the 
Government. The measures build upon the long-term assistance provided by the European Union 
through the EDF to consolidate peace in the country, in particular the rural development support 
provided to address some of the root cause of the existing tensions, and complements the EIDHR 

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funds in support to the forthcoming elections of June/July 2010. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SOMALIA 

Title of IfS Decision 

Immediate Support Package to Somalia's 
Transitional Federal Institutions 

Type of measure  Support to Interim Administrations and 

Capacity Building 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

21/05/2008 

Amount(s)  € 4,000,000 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 4,000,000 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 3,200,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

01/03/2008 (retroactive) 

End Date  31/08/2009 

Context of Instability 

Somalia occupies a strategic position in the Horn of Africa. In addition to ties with other African 
countries, it has close religious and historical links with the Arab and Islamic world and has a seat 
in a number of international and regional organizations, including the African Union (AU) and the 
Arab League.  

The  humanitarian  crisis  in  Somalia  is  widespread  and  severe,  with  half  of  the  population  or  an 
estimated 3.76 million people in need of humanitarian assistance including more than 1.5 million 
Internally  Displaced  Persons  (IDPs).  For  nearly  a  generation  the  population  has  known  civil  war, 
anarchy, massive civilian casualties and displacements. The chaos in Somalia has given birth to 
extremism  and  terrorism,  while  piracy  off  the  coast  is  a  symptom  of  deeper  problems  on  land. 
Following  the  signing  of  the  Djibouti  Peace  agreement,  important  political  progress  has  been 
made since the establishment of Somalia's National Unity Government in 2009. This includes: the 
establishment of a Central Bank; public financial control systems; 2009 & 2010 priorities of the 
Transitional  Federal  Government  (TFG);  budget  preparation.  However,  the  escalating  violence  in 
southern Somalia, especially in the battered capital, Mogadishu, risks undermining such political 
gains. Today, the TFG still has to reach out to the critical mass and build consensus.  

The Somali President Sheikh Sharif is called by the international community to pursue efforts on 
further dialogue with the opposition, especially with Al-Sunna wa Jamaa, but also with other areas 
where  there  is  relative  stability,  including  Puntland.  Whilst  security  remains  the  priority,  more 
efforts  need  to  be  made  with  the  reconciliation  and  political  processes.  Some  leaders  of  Al-
Shabab  can  still  be  demobilised  if  the  TFG  is  able  to  offer  a  credible  alternative  and  if 
development  and  job  opportunities  exist.  To  this  end,  capacity-building,  governance  and  security 
remain the most challenging areas which the TFG is facing today.  

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Short Description 

The Instrument for Stability (IfS) contributed to the ‘Start-Up Package’ (SUP) of donor assistance 
which  was  set  up  in  2008  to  provide  Somalia’s  Transitional  Federal  Institutions  (TFIs)  with  the 
necessary concrete resources and means to take forward urgent and much-delayed work on the 
key deliverables of an important transitional period in the country.  

For  the  sake  of  speed  and  efficiency,  international  donor  funding  for  this  Start-Up  Package  was 
channelled via an existing UNDP-administered support mechanism for the TFIs where the EU has 
been the main donor. The support was designed to provide urgent and critical operational means 
to  help  the  TFIs  [i.e.  the  TFG,  the  Transitional  Federal  Parliament  (TFP),  key  independent 
commissions, finance and other institutions of Somalia] to become established and operational in 
Mogadishu and to develop an institutional base.  

Activities and State of Play 

In addressing the short term operational costs of Somalia’s TFG and a number of other TFI bodies, 
the IfS supported ‘Start-Up Package’ foresaw support for inter alia the following areas: payment of 
salaries  and  stipends  to  core  teams  of  key  personnel  of  the  TFIs;  rehabilitation  and  rental  of 
offices; office equipment and running costs; logistical support (including transport) and technical 
expertise; and a community engagement and reconciliation strategy. UNDP estimated the overall 
budget for this multi-donor ‘Start-Up Package’ to be of the order of € 10 million.  

The  IfS  assistance  under  the  SUP  contributed  to  costs  incurred  by  this  programme  from  March 
2008  until  August  2009,  when  the  18-month  IfS  action  expired.  The  much  deteriorated  security 
conditions on the ground in Mogadishu did not allow much of the foreseen rehabilitation works to 
proceed, thus preventing UNDP as the implementing partner from expending all of the available 
funds  (the  exact  amount  underspent  will  be  confirmed  in  the  final  financial  report  due  from 
UNDP).  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  IfS  contribution  to  international  community  funding  of  the  Start-Up  Package  of  support  for 
Somalia’s  Transitional  Federal  Institutions  has  complemented  a  wide  range  of  other  EU 
programmes  under  the  European  Development  Fund  (EDF)  in  support  of  Somalia’s  TFIs  and 
broader  international  efforts  (foremost  the  AU’s  AMISOM  mission)  to  stabilise  the  region. 
Meanwhile, the EU is also engaged through the CSDP naval operation Atalanta with tackling the 
problem of widespread piracy, while the IfS has been providing related technical and other support 
for piracy trials undertaken in Kenya. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SRI LANKA 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Mitigate  Conflict  and  Reduce  Tensions  in 
Sri Lanka 

(2)  Facilitate  the  Dialogue  between  the 
Government  of  Sri  Lanka  and  the  Tamil 
Community 

Type of measure  Mediation and Political Dialogue 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 24/06/2008  

(2) 10/12/2007 under the IfS “PAMF” facility

Amount(s) 

(1) € 6,500,000 

Contracted: € 6,499,553 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 5,931,198 

(2) € 271,557 

Contracted: € 271,557 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 149,000 

(1) 01/08/2008; (2) 17/10/2008 

Start Date of 
Project 

End Date 

(1) 31/01/2010; (2) 16/10/2009 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Context of Instability 

Sri Lanka has been wracked by violent conflict for most of the past 25 years, suffering more than 
150,000 deaths in conflicts in both the north and south. Successive attempts to resolve the ethnic 
conflict  between  Sri  Lankan  Tamils,  who  have  traditionally  inhabited  the  northern  and  eastern 
regions,  and  Sinhalese,  concentrated  in  the  central  and  southern  regions,  have  been  tried  since 
the 1950s, but with no success.  

By  early  2009,  heavy  fighting  in  the  northern  Vanni  region  had  produced  a  major  humanitarian 
crisis, with hundreds of thousands of civilians trapped between government and Tamil Tiger (LTTE) 
forces in the shrinking areas under LTTE control. Grave human rights abuses were committed by 
both sides. While the LTTE forced thousands of civilians to fight and physically prevented people 
from  fleeing  the  war  zone,  the  Sri  Lankan  military  repeatedly  bombed  and  shelled  densely 
populated  areas,  including  its  unilaterally-declared  “no  fire  zone”.  With  the  LTTE  refusing 
international  calls  for  a  negotiated  surrender,  the  government  ignored  the  pleas  of  UN  and 
Western  governments  for  a  humanitarian  pause  in  the  fighting  to  allow  relief  supplies  to  reach 
civilians  and  facilitate  their  evacuation.  UN  agencies  estimated  more  than  7,500  civilians  killed 
and over 15,000 wounded between mid-January and early May 2009.  

Following a final offensive in mid-May 2009, the Sri Lankan Government declared victory. With the 
entire LTTE leadership killed in fighting, the military phase of Sri Lanka’s three decade long civil 
war  appears  to  be  over,  though  some  LTTE  rebels  remain  operative  in  the  Eastern  Province. 
Formidable  obstacles  to  finding  a  lasting  and  just  peace  remain,  however.  Nearly  300,000 
civilians,  many  wounded,  malnourished  and  traumatised  after  months  caught  in  the  fighting 

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without  adequate  food  and  water,  have  been  held  in  overcrowded  Government-run  internment 
camps  in  the  Northern  Province.  Aid  agencies  faced  serious  restrictions  on  their  access  and 
conditions  in  the  camps  failed  to  meet  international  standards  on  numerous  counts.  The 
Government  must  still  devise  a  political  and  constitutional  settlement  able  to  address  the  long-
standing  concerns  of  Tamils  and  other  minorities  while  also  gaining  approval  of  the  Sinhala 
majority.  

Short Description 

(1) The 1st programme, in the context of the conflict between the Government and the LTTE set in 
the  environment  of  the  conflict,  but  equally  valid  immediately  post–conflict,  aims  to  ensure 
protection  for  conflict-affected  communities  and  the  humanitarian,  human  rights  and  media 
workers  who  support  them,  support  rapid  responses  to  emergency  human  rights  crises,  and 
provide hope and alternatives to disaffected minority groups. The overall objective of this measure 
was  to  improve  stability  in  Sri  Lanka  in  the  context  of  the  intensifying  conflict,  following  the 
abrogation  of  the  ceasefire  agreement  in  January  2008,  and  the  related  deterioration  in  the 
humanitarian and human rights situation in the country. Given the unwillingness of both parties to 
seek a settlement through peaceful means, the main objective of this intervention is to mitigate 
the  impact  of  the  conflict  and  contribute  towards  reducing  tensions  and  risks  of  deepening  of 
conflict. 

(2)  The  objective  of  the  2nd  project  is  to  encourage  and  facilitate  discussions  between 
stakeholders,  leading  to  a  resolution  of  the  conflict.  The  2nd  programme  foresees  a  series  of 
meetings  organised  by  Sant’Egidio,  between  stakeholders  from  within  Sri  Lanka,  and  the 
Diaspora,  in  different  environments,  with  the  objective  of  moving  the  two  parties  to  the  conflict 
into discussions on peace.  

Activities and State of Play 

The measures adopted in June 2008 for an amount of € 6.9 million was to support and protect 
vulnerable  conflict-affected  communities  in  Sri  Lanka  in  the  context  of  the  worsening  conflict. 
Especially  the  protection  activities  have  proven  to  be  very  important  and  relevant  during  the 
worsening of the armed conflict in 2009, and during the immediate post-conflict period.  

The programme is well under way despite the difficult security and access situation in the conflict 
areas,  and  continues  to  ensure  protection  for  devastated  communities  and  the  humanitarian, 
human  rights  and  media  workers  who  support  them,  as  well  as  supporting  rapid  responses  to 
emergency  human  rights  crises,  and  providing  hope  and  alternatives  to  disaffected  minority 
groups.  The  programme  is  currently  under  constant  review,  to  ensure  that  it  responds  to  the 
rapidly changing environment.  

The  actions  are  being  implemented  by  Non  State  Actors,  including  international  organisations 
UNHCR  and  UNOPS  along  with  local  or  international  NGOs,  and  private  sector  operators,  and 
include:  

•  Protection  of  conflict-affected  communities  including  confidence  building  and  stabilisation 
measures: In the North, protection of the new internally displaced and other conflict-affected 
individuals  needed  an  immediate  response.  Confidence-building  measures,  which  include 
quick  impact  reconciliation  projects,  create  conditions  conducive  for  the  stabilization  of 
populations in places of displacement, return or relocation.  

•  Legal  support  to  civilians  affected  by  arbitrary  detention  and  other  human  rights  violations: 

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rapid  legal  support  is  being  provided  for  human  rights  victims  and  witnesses  by  providing 
information, advocacy, legal aid, litigation, and, more widely, the provision of the legal means 
to provide redress and protection to civilians.  

•  Promotion  of  the  “Guiding  Principles”:  promotion  of  the  ten  Guiding  Principles  for 
Humanitarian  and  Development  Assistance  in  Sri  Lanka,  endorsed  by  the  main  donors  and 
some  Government  ministries,  was  aimed  to  ensure  more  equitable  and  effective 
implementation of humanitarian and development assistance.  

•  Conflict  mitigation  through  socio-economic  stabilisation  measures  for  particularly  vulnerable 
conflict-affected  communities:  following  the  ever-changing 
location  of  hostilities,  the 
programme  aimed  to  generate  meaningful  sources  of  revenue  for  those  who  remain 
marginalised.  This  component  aimed  to  provide 
income-
generating,  labour-intensive  employment  for  communities  deprived  of  their  customary 
livelihood, such as fishing, in the North and North West.  

immediate  and  short-term 

It  is  hoped  that  these  are  fostering  stability  and  mitigating  tensions  within  and  between 
communities  in  the  most  fragile  conflict-affected  districts,  and  reducing  risk  of  disaffected 
populations. Most elements come to an end early in 2010. 

For  the  2nd  project,  the  first  step  was  a  “closed”  conference  (limited  in  terms  of  participants  for 
reasons of confidentiality) with the parties, the Sri Lankan Government and the LTTE, to take place 
in Rome tentatively end of January 2008. Following this first meeting, Sant’Egidio would engage in 
a  period  of  smaller  meetings,  analyses,  studies  and  contacts  with  the  parties  in  an  effort  to 
reactivate the stalled peace process. The further implementation of the project depended on the 
outcome of the first Conference and meetings. By the end of 2009 dialogue had been tentative, 
but yielded few results given the intransience of the government. 

With  the  end  of  armed  conflict in  May  2009,  and  elections  at  the  beginning  of  2010,  this  is a 
period with few certainties about the future and with heightened tension, where it is very difficult 
for international actors to provide effective support. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

These  programmes  were  complementary,  and  supportive  of  Humanitarian  aid  programmes, 
including food aid, shelter, psycho-social support, and water and sanitation, which is provided for 
conflict-affected communities through DG ECHO. In 2009 DG ECHO committed for this purpose a 
total of € 14 million. Furthermore a number of Human Rights projects have been launched early in 
the year. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SUDAN 

Title of IfS Decision  Support to the UN administered ‘Trust Fund 
for the AU-UN Joint Mediation Support Team 
(JMST) for Darfur’ 

Type of measure  Regional Peacebuilding 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

19/12/2007 

Amount(s)  € 3,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2008: € 3,000,000  

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 2,400,000 

Start Date of 
Project 

21/12/2007 

End Date  20/12/2009 (following a 6 month extension) 

Context of Instability 

Sudan,  Africa's  biggest  country  in  size,  spans  multiple  religious,  ethnic  and  socio-economic 
divides. The country's triple conflicts – in the South, in Darfur (the west) and in the East – reflect 
these divisions to varying degrees, exacerbated by struggles over natural resources.  

In mid-2003, the struggle for land and power in the western region of Darfur intensified, leading to 
the deaths of over 200,000 Darfuris and the displacement of over 2 million. After seven rounds of 
peace talks, a peace agreement was signed by the government and one faction of the Sudanese 
Liberation Army/Movement (SLA/M) in May 2006. However that agreement lacked support on the 
ground  in  Darfur.  Since  then,  the  military  situation  in  Darfur  has  calmed  down  significantly  in 
Darfur but the humanitarian situation remains extremely serious. Kidnapping and other forms of 
criminality are on the rise. International community actors - notably the UN, AU and US, but also 
regional  actors  such  as  Libya,  Qatar  and  Egypt  -  are  deploying  diplomatic  efforts  to  align  the 
different  rebel  groups'  positions  and  to  bring  them  to  the  negotiation  table  to  conclude  a 
comprehensive peace agreement. 

Short Description 

In December 2007 an IfS contribution of € 3 million was made to the UN administered ‘Trust Fund 
for the AU-UN Joint Mediation Support Team (JMST) for Darfur’ so as to support the joint efforts of 
the AU and the UN to revitalise the peace process in Darfur. This Trust Fund was established by the 
UNSG in September 2007 with a view to supporting an anticipated negotiation phase leading to a 

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genuine Darfur peace process as well as related preparatory measures.  

In  addition  to  the  EU's  IfS  funds,  contributions  have  been  provided  by  five  EU  Member  States, 
Norway, Canada and China. According to UN figures, donor contributions to the Trust Fund amount 
to US$14.2 million, with the EU providing 68% of this total. The scope of activities as set out in the 
Terms of Reference for the Trust Fund includes inter alia: strengthening the capacity of the AU-UN 
JMST,  so  as  to  enable  this  team  to  cope  with  the  demands  of  facilitating  the  challenging 
preparatory  consultations  and  actual  negotiations;  promoting  confidence  building  measures; 
consultations with civil society; and public information campaigns.  

Activities and State of Play 

The AU-UN Joint Chief Mediator (JCM) for the Darfur peace process, Djibril Bassolé (appointed on 
31 July 2008) has held extensive consultations with all stakeholders in Sudan and the region and 
generated  support  from  international  and  regional  partners  for  a shift  in  focus  towards  informal 
mechanisms  and  a  series  of  confidence-building  measures.  The  Joint  Chief  Mediator  made  the 
security situation his top priority and placed less emphasis on continuing previous efforts to try to 
unify different groupings of rebel movements. He also welcomed the ‘Qatari Initiative’ and other 
efforts by regional and international partners to bring the parties closer to the negotiating table. 
While  the  Government  of  Sudan  committed  itself  to  proceeding  to  talks  in  Doha,  various 
movements  continue  to  have  reservations.  Consequently  the  Joint  Chief  Mediator  undertook 
intensive shuttle diplomacy between the parties in a bid to discuss these reservations and to work 
out modalities for a cessation of hostilities and a monitoring mechanism. Moreover, in particular 
towards  the  end  of  2009,  the  efforts  of  the  Joint  Chief  Mediator  were  concentrated  on  the 
engagement of Civil Society who participated in the peace talks with a wide representation from 
different Darfuri groups. 

While  the  Trust  Fund  was  launched  in  September  2007  in  anticipation  of  the  launch  of  a 
substantial  negotiations  phase  involving  all  parties,  the  process  has  not  yet  advanced  as  far  as 
substantial negotiations. Following on a request from the UN, the Commission agreed to give a six 
month extension, thus increasing the duration from 18 to 24 months, i.e. until December 2009, in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  IfS  Regulation.  Because  of  the  slow  pace  of  the  peace 
process  the  project  expenditure  under  the  Trust  Fund  remained  lower  than  had  been  predicted 
(the precise unspent amount will be confirmed in the final financial report due from the UN).  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  EU's  humanitarian  operation  in  Darfur  is  the  biggest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  providing 
emergency relief to some 2 million people. When and if a lasting peace deal for the region is put 
in place, the Commission would intend to make available longer-term recovery and development 
assistance. Due to a clause related to the ICC, the Government of Sudan has decided not to ratify 
the  revised  Cotonou  Agreement  and  is  therefore  not  eligible  for  funding  under  the  10th  EDF. 
However,  the  Commission  is  currently  examining  alternative  options  to  channel  substantial 
amounts  of  development  cooperation  funds  to  the  Sudanese  population.  These  funds  are  to 
support  the  country's  post-conflict  infrastructure  rehabilitation  and  administrative  capacity-
building, in particular in the South of Sudan, the main theatre of the long civil war, as well as in 
Darfur once a lasting peace agreement will be concluded. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
SYRIA 

Title of IfS Decision 

 (1)  Programme  of  Emergency  Support  to 
Syrian  Basic  Education  in  Areas  Affected 
by a Large Influx of Refugees from Iraq 

(2)  Programme  of  Assistance  to  Iraqi 
Female-Headed Households and Victims of 
Trafficking 

(3)  Preventing  Radicalisation  among 
Palestinian Refugee Youth  

Type of measure  Capacity Building in Social Sector, Support 
of  Displaced 

Integration 

and 

to 
Populations 

Copyright UN ReliefWeb 

Date of Adoption of IfS 
Decision 

(1) 28/11/2007; (2) 06/08/2008; (3) 18/12/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 3,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 3,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 2,313,000  

(2) € 1,481,500 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 1,481,500 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 814,053  

(3) € 4,730,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009: € 4,726,577 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009: € 3,127,968 

Start Date of Project 

(1) 01/10/2007; (2) 02/10/2008; (3) 26/01/2010 

End Date 

(1) 31/03/2009; (2) 01/04/2010; (3) 26/07/2011 

Context of Instability 

Since  2007,  Syria  has  to  face  the  challenges  of  a  large  influx  of  Iraqi  refugees,  with  several 
hundreds of thousands crowding larger Damascus. Among the Iraqi refugee population, families 
have  been  separated  and  their  houses  and  belongings  in  Iraq  damaged  or  lost,  leaving  people 
vulnerable  to  hunger,  disease  and  crime.  Risks  connected  to  exploitation  are  also  reported, 
including  children  begging  and  the  prostitution  of  women.  Additionally,  Syrian  government 
schooling,  which  is  free of  charge  to  all  Arab children,  has  come  under  severe  stress  due  to  the 
large  influx  of  Iraqi  refugees.  This  required  and  requires  international  support,  which  has  been 
largely channelled through the UN and IOM following several flash appeals in 2007 and 2008. 

The  additional  recent  arrival  in  the  already  overcrowded  Palestinian  refugee  camps  in  Syria  of 
former Palestinian refugees from Iraq, combined with lack of employment opportunities, limited 
civil  rights,  rising  prices  of  basic  commodities  (food,  fuel  etc.),  and  growing  frustration  over  the 
unresolved  Palestinian-Israeli  conflict  and  the  uncertain  fate  of  refugees,  contributes  to 
Palestinian  refugee  youth  feeling  politically  and  socio-economically  excluded  and  heightens  the 

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risk for an increasing radicalisation among them.  

Short Description and Objectives 

1) Emergency Support to Basic Education: Syrian government schooling, which is free of charge to 
all Arab children, has come under severe stress due to the large influx of Iraqi refugees, creating 
further  pressure  on  teachers,  students  and  the  community  at  large.  The  absorption  capacity  of 
schools is being expanded through the selective rehabilitation of school buildings. Schools are also 
directly  supported  in  terms  of  educational  resources/teaching  aids  for  teachers,  libraries,  and 
school  equipment.  A  joint  strategy  has  been  designed  with  the  Ministry  of  Education  to  target 
schools with 50 or more Iraqi refugees. The project is encouraging Iraqis to enrol their children in 
schools, with a special focus on girls, as well as children with special needs.  

The specific objectives comprise  

a)  achieving improved enrolment in basic education, particularly of Iraq refugee children 

b)  ensuring  that  national  standards  pertaining  to  physical  and  pedagogical  school 

environment are applied 

c)  supporting  local  initiatives  aiming  at  improving  social  integration  and  bringing  to  school 

vulnerable Iraqi refugee children and adolescents.  

2)  Assistance  to  female-headed  households  and  victims  of  trafficking:  Among  the  Iraqi  refugee 
population  separated  or  widowed  women  and  separated  or  orphaned  children  are  particularly 
vulnerable  to  hunger,  disease  and  crime.  Risks  connected  to  exploitation  are  also  reported, 
specially regarding begging in the case of children and prostitution of women. In this context the 
Syrian Women’s Union has started to assist vulnerable women and their families in coordination 
with  the  Iraqi  Women  League,  an  Iraqi  NGO  based  in  Syria.  The  two  organisations  work  in 
partnership with IOM to implement post-conflict emergency projects in prevention and awareness 
raising  on  trafficking  in  persons.  The  project  is  supporting  a  shelter  for  Iraqi  female  heads  of 
households as well as victims of trafficking for 18 months.  

Specific objectives include  

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

iv. 

To  raise  awareness  among  vulnerable  Iraqi  groups  on  the  risks  and  consequences  of 
trafficking in persons and sexual exploitation  

To  provide  long-term  assistance  to  vulnerable  groups  through  vocational  training  and 
economic empowerment activities 

To provide short-term assistance to reduce vulnerability of Iraqi widowed or separated 
women  and  their  children  through  the  distribution  of  emergency  kits  and  provision  of 
medical assistance on a case-by-case basis 

To  provide  protection  through  a  shelter  established  and  run  by  the  Syrian  Association 
for Women’s Role Development.  

3)  Addressing  Palestinian  refugee  youth  exclusion  to  prevent  radicalisation  and  conflict:  The 
recent arrival in the already overcrowded Palestinian refugee camps in Syria of former Palestinian 
refugees  from  Iraq  contributes  to  Palestinian  refugee  youth  feeling  politically  and  socio-
economically  excluded  and  heightens  the  risk  for  an  increasing  radicalisation  among  them  –  a 
series of security incidents involving armed groups in the Yarmouk Camp have nurtured concerns 
regarding a spreading of radicalisation in segments of the predominantly young camp population. 
The  action,  to  be  implemented  by  UNRWA,  aims  at  counteracting  the  prevailing  sense  of 
frustration and pessimism among young refugees and enhance their future prospects as well as 
their  resistance  to  engage  in  negative,  violent  or  extremist  behaviour  by  enhancing  educational 

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standards and infrastructure; offering young people safe areas for developing their personalities; 
helping  students  to  avoid  school  drop-out;  offering  a  range  of  training  opportunities  within  the 
refugee  camps;  expanding  the  existing  facilities  for  employment  support;  and  promoting 
entrepreneurial activity among refugee youth. 

Activities and State of Play 

1)  Support  to  Basic  Education  Phase  1  supports  40  schools  with  the  provision  of  educational 
supplies and equipment and the selective rehabilitation of water supplies and sanitation systems. 
During  phase  2,  support  expands  to  an  additional  100  schools,  with  the  same  activities.  The 
schools  are  being  supplied  with  a  standard  package  of  supplies  and  equipments.  Rehabilitation 
works will be assessed depending on the schools actual needs.  

Phase 3 encompasses capacity building for head teachers, the empowerment of teachers working 
under severe pedagogical conditions and to support local initiatives to improve social integration, 
bringing vulnerable Iraqi refugee children back to school.  

After  an  initial  assessment,  school  rehabilitation  has  been  conducted,  divided  into  three  major 
parts: (i) repair of water sanitation blocks; (ii) repair of main building; and (iii) provision of access 
to safe drinking water. 

As  of  February  2009  all  supplies  have  been  distributed.  The  implementation  of  the  educational 
quality improvement focused on the introduction of the child-friendly school framework, started in 
April and May 2008 with the organization of 28 workshops for the 140 school teams. Numerous 
other  workshops  and  trainings  were  conducted  (training of  trainers  for  the  Ministry  of  Education 
and Provincial Education Directorates staff, active learning manual for Syrian teachers).  

2)  Assistance  to  female-headed  households  and  victims  of  trafficking  -  The  project  supports  a 
selected  group  of  over  1,000  vulnerable  Iraqi  women  and  their  children  in  order  to  reduce 
vulnerability and incidents of trafficking through awareness raising, vocational training and limited 
income  generating  activities,  provision  of  non-food  items  and  medical  assistance  to  the  most 
vulnerable cases and identified victims of trafficking. The project also includes the provision of a 
shelter  for  identified  victims  of  trafficking,  including  capacity  building  on  shelter  management, 
shelter services and protection services. After the signature of the project agreement between IOM 
and  the  European  Commission  in  October  2008,  the  Syrian  Ministry  of  Social  Affairs  (MoSAL) 
suggested  to  establish  the  planned  shelter  in  Aleppo.  It  was  only  in  January  2009  that  MoSAL 
agreed  on  the  exact  location  of  the  premises;  MoSAL  has  now  also  agreed  on  a  local  NGO 
(Ri’ayaat al-Fatayaat) in Aleppo that will be trained in running the shelter.  

3)  Addressing  Palestinian  refugee  youth  exclusion  to  prevent  radicalisation  and  conflict:  the 
programme only commences by February 2010. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

Since 2007 the EU has allocated additional and complementary exceptional funding under the DCI 
budget  line  to  assist  the  Syrian  authorities  in  coping  with  the  large  influx  of  Iraqi  refugees.  In 
2007, € 9 million have been committed to upgrade health facilities. With an increased budget of 
€ 24 million in 2008, new EU assistance in 2009 will focus on education (follow-up and expansion 
of  above  mentioned  UNICEF  project,  €  4  million),  an  “Emergency  Support  to  Education  Sector 
Affected by a Large Influx of Iraqi Refugees” (€ 10 million), reimbursing the salaries of school staff 
at schools with a large number of Iraqis and, thirdly, “Support to Syria’s Solid and Medical Waste 

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Management in Areas Affected by a large Influx of Iraqi Refugees” (€ 10 million). In addition, the 
EU is providing a total of € 22 million through humanitarian assistance projects implemented by 
UNHCR, WFP and international NGOs, focussing on the distribution of food and household items, 
health consultation and support to victims of trauma. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
THAILAND 

Title of IfS Decision  Supporting  the  Reconciliation  Process 
Southern Thailand 

in 

Type of measure  Reconciliation,  Rule  of  Law  and  Political 

Dialogue 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

20/12/2007 

Amount(s)  € 3,000,000 

Contracted: € 2,999,014 

Paid: € 2,686,000  

Start Date of 
Project 

28/01/2008 

End Date  01/06/2010 

Context of Instability 

After the military coup in September 2006, and democratic elections late 2007, the EU is seeking 
to increase political dialogue and cooperation with Thailand. While Thai leaders are focused on the 
political  turmoil  in  Bangkok  a  long-dormant  separatist  insurgency  re-emerged  in  Thailand's 
southernmost  provinces  in  early  2004.  The  Southern  Thailand  insurgency  is  an  ethno-separatist 
campaign,  which  is  taking  place  in  the  predominantly  Muslim  and  ethnic-Malay  Pattani  region, 
made  up  of  the  three  Southern  Border  Provinces  (SBPs)  of  Pattani,  Yala  and  Narathiwat.  Since 
2004 daily shootings and bomb attacks have already resulted in 4,068 deaths and 10,517 injured 
in almost 10.000 attacks, mostly against civilians, making this the most violent conflict in South 
East Asia. Six years on, the violence continues unabated, and there is no end in sight.  

The  Government's  ability  to  respond  has  been  hamstrung  by  poor  intelligence,  inter-agency 
rivalries, and a legacy of mistrust and mutual suspicion between the central government and the 
local  community.  The  national  political  crisis  has  also  distracted  attention  from  the  serious 
security threat in the SBPs. Although the attacks have been restricted geographically (to the SBPs) 
and in targeting (no foreigners), there is widespread concern that left unchecked the unrest may 
spill  over  the  SBPs,  target  foreigners  or  link  up  with  regional  terrorist  organisations  (i.e.  Jemaah 
Islamiyah  or  Al  Qaeda  in  Southeast  Asia),  although  to  date  there  is  no  evidence  of  any  external 
involvement  in  the  violence.  Human  rights  abuses  by  the  Thai  Government  and  paramilitary 
security  forces,  impunity  and  lack  of  effective  Rule  of  Law  have  fuelled  the  conflict.  Centralised 
government  in  the  capital  prevents  political  devolution  which  may  assist  to  reach  a  political 
solution. Changing these policies and practices is essential as the Government tries to respond to 
the grievances of the local population in order to bring long-lasting peace to the region.  

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Short Description 

This IfS Decision provided support to the efforts of non-state actors in the conflict area of Southern 
Thailand aimed at bringing about justice, strengthening the rule of law and restoring mutual trust 
and peaceful co-existence of various groups in the South.  

Objectives: This intervention comprised two areas of cooperation:  

1)  Support  to  "Access  to  Justice"  was  aimed  at  enhancing  the  effectiveness  of  the  justice 

system by tackling impunity for crimes and HR abuses committed  

2)  Support in the area of "Informed Debate" comprised measures of confidence building.  

The main goal was to enhance media independence and objectivity, to promote social dialogue, 
diversity  and  multi-ethnicity  of  Thailand,  as  well  as  to  facilitate  a  better  understanding  of 
decentralisation and autonomy concepts in Thailand. 

Activities and State of Play 

The programme was implemented through six grants signed with the International Commission of 
Jurists, the Cross Cultural Foundation (CrCF), Friedrich Naumann Foundation (FNS), Friedrich Ebert 
Foundation (FES), the Human Development Forum Foundation and the Monash University.  

As to the implementation of the projects The CrCF project sought to facilitate justice and promote 
rule  of  law  in  the  three  southern  provinces  of  Thailand  and  build  a  culture  of  peace.  In 
collaboration  with  Protection  International  (PI)  the  CrCF  conducted  training  with  university 
students  and  women  Human  Rights  Defenders  from  Bangkok  and  the  South,  produced  a 
summary  of  alleged  torture  cases,  in  collaboration  with  the  Working  Group  of  Justice  for  Peace 
(WGJP) and undertook one fact-finding trip per month compiling data on disappeared cases into 
database. In collaboration with Muslim Attorney Centre (MAC) the CrCF has filed high-profile cases 
to  the  court,  conducted  trainings  on  human  rights  in  collaboration  with  the  WGJP,  carried  out 
frequent prison visits, conducted trial observations and monitored the on-going administration of 
justice related to the conflict in the South. In collaboration with the WGJP, the CrCF also engaged 
in  advocacy,  releasing  reports  and  news  on  enforced  disappearances,  torture,  and  status  of 
Human  Rights  in  the  Deep  South,  and  organized  two  round-table  discussions  on  the  Internal 
Security Act.  

The FES project was aimed to contribute to a more informed, objective and stakeholder-inclusive 
social dialogue in Thai society regarding peace building in the deep south. It organized a “Peace 
Building  Camp”,  attended by  38  young people,  conducted  a  dialogue  and  facilitation  techniques 
training, organised a media study tour entitled “The role of Media in Conflict Reporting and Peace 
Building” in Manila and Cotabato City, the Philippines.  

The  FNS  project  sought  to  enable  the  general  public  to  have  a  better  understanding  of  the 
situation in southern Thailand, enhance mutual understanding and acceptance, and promote the 
understanding of introducing diversity and minority rights protection system. FNS launched 6 radio 
programs for lower and middle class people with various backgrounds and conducted small focus 
groups  of  community  radio  hosts  in  the  southern  areas,  produced  a  play  performance  with  500 
students from local schools in the conflict areas and 400 students from PSU, Pattani campus, and 
conducted  a  study  trip  for  10  high-ranking  government  officials  and  academic  delegates  on 
protection  of  minority  rights  and  models  of  decentralisation.  It  also  conducted  training  for 

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students on organizational strategic planning, organization management, implemented training in 
conflict management and conducted training for woman leaders and community development.  

The  HDFF  project  aimed  to  contribute  to  the  peaceful  solution  of  the  insurgency  in  southern 
Thailand  by  finding  political  options  acceptable  to  both  parties,  such  as  increased  self-
government.  It  developed  studies  and  events  on  the  concepts  of  autonomy,  in  respect  to  the 
history of Thailand and Southern Thailand in particular, as well as the development of the current 
problems.  As  part  of  the  project,  HDFF  introduced  to  a  selected  group  of  officials  and  decision 
makers the ways in which the EU had addressed similar problems such as South Tirol.  

The  ICJ  project  addressed  one  of  the  key  issues  to  solve  the  violence  in  Southern  Thailand:  the 
perception by Muslim citizens that they lack adequate access to justice. As a second main activity, 
the ICJ sought to advocate for the effective implementation of international Human Rights laws in 
Thailand. In collaboration with the Asian Institute for Human Rights, the ICJ organised a one-week 
seminar  training  30  lawyers  on  international  trial  standards  and  trial  observations.  It  facilitated 
collaboration between litigation lawyers and two-day training on use of forensic evidence, and, in 
collaboration  with  the  UN's  OHCHR  and  the  Association  for  the  Prevention  of  Torture  (APT), 
organised a two-day training to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Justice on the implementation 
of  the  UN  Convention  Against  Torture.  Furthermore,  it  launched  the  Thai  edition  of  its 
“Practitioners  Guide  on  the  International  Principles  on  the  Independence  And  Accountability  of 
Judges,  Lawyers  and  Prosecutors”  and,  in  collaboration  with  the  EU  Delegation  and  the  French 
Embassy to Thailand, launched the translation of the “EU Human Rights Defenders Guidelines” to 
Thai and Yawi.  

During 2009 the ICJ has also undertaken various other actions such as the translation of HR legal 
documents, the observation of two high profile HR cases and legal support to other NGOs. Finally, 
the  project  with  the  Global  Terrorism  Research  Centre  (GTReC)  of  Monash  University,  which  just 
started in 12/2008 is mapping the violence in the SBPs to gain an understanding of the dynamics 
of  the  regional  violence  and  patterns  of  victimisation  by  mapping  incidents,  and  collecting  and 
analysing more accurate data on attacks. It will also produce materials and datasets to enhance 
stakeholders’ abilities to develop strategies for peacefully resolving the conflict, as well as develop 
objective categorical indicators to measure more accurately the social impact of the violence on 
ordinary Buddhist and Muslim Thais, especially at the local level. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The  specific  situation  of  Southern  Thailand  requires  working  with  already  well-established  and 
well-connected organisations. In addition, the crisis situation in Southern Thailand calls for timely 
and tailor-made responses. In order to ensure coherence with other EU instruments available for 
Thailand, the activities funded under the IfS were complemented by actions supported under the 
Thai-EC  Cooperation  Facility,  under  the  Development  Cooperation  Instrument,  and  other  related 
thematic programmes. The EU Delegation also keeps a close co-ordination with EU Member States 
in  the  objectives,  definition  and  running  of  IFS  projects,  and  co-operates  with  a  group  of  like 
minded countries in analysing the situation in the SBPs, while sharing non-classified information 
on projects. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMME IN 
TIMOR-LESTE 

Title of IfS Decision  Programme in Support of Peace and Stability 

in Timor-Leste 

Type of measure  Regional  Peace-building  Capacity,  Conflict 
Resolution  and  Reconciliation,  Transitional 
Justice 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decisions 

11/11/2008; 09/12/2009 

Amount(s)  € 5,252,499 

Contracted: € 5,252,499 

Paid: € 3,084,816  

Start Dates of 
Projects 

Four  projects,  from  13/12/2008  onwards,  the  fourth  project  commenced  on 
28/12/2009 

End Dates  Various end dates from 12/06/2010 

Context of Instability 

The  shooting  of  President  José  Ramos-Horta  in  February  2008  drew  attention  to  the  urgency  of 
addressing sources of conflict and violence in Timor-Leste. The Government has taken some steps 
to address the problems in the security sector which led to the 2006 crisis. The atmosphere on the 
streets of Dili is far less tense, while substantial challenges remain. Although the Government has 
managed to close the last IDP camp in June 2009, it is estimated that around 72 families are still 
living in four remaining transitional shelters.  

The ongoing reintegration/resettlement process is only one of the important issues and is both a 
consequence of past conflict and a potential source of future trouble. The government’s national 
recovery strategy needs to be properly supported and accompanied by a number of other crucial 
elements,  most  significantly  the  creation  of  a  fair  and  functioning  land  and  property  regime,  an 
increase  in  overall  housing  stock,  an  end  to  the  cycle  of  impunity  and  reform  of  the  justice  and 
security sectors.  

Nearly  four  years  after  the  2006  crisis,  many  continue  to  fear  further  violence  from  their 
neighbours and do not trust the security forces to guarantee their safety. This issue needs to be 
tackled  by:  speeding  up  security  sector  reform,  including  prioritising  community  policing; 
prosecuting arsonists and violent criminals; facilitating the reintegration process; and promoting a 
process  of  local  and  national  dialogue,  accountability  and  reconciliation  to  help  the  country 
escape the cycle of conflict.  

Short Description 

The  purpose  of  the  IfS  interventions  in  Timor-Leste  is  to  promote  social  peace  and  stability  in 
areas and communities suffering from the unrest provoked by the crises of 2002 and 2006 and, 
linked  to  that,  to  make  a  substantial  contribution  to  Security  Sector  Reform.  An  additional 
objective is to promote accountability for past human rights violations as a critical part of building 

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a more sustainable peace and ensure non-recurrence of serious violations in Timor-Leste.  

Activities and State of Play 

Programme  in  Support  of  Peace  and  Stability  in  Timor-Leste:  This  programme  is  implemented 
through the following actions with the aim to:  

a)  contribute  substantially  to  the  process  of  Sector  Security  Reform,  as  initiated  by  the 

Government of Timor-Leste, under the auspices of the UN  

b)  support the reintegration of IDPs in their places of origin 

c)  contribute to improvement of livelihoods and social stability in rural communities through 

rural infrastructure development and employment generation.  

d)  strengthen  the  capacity  of  members  of  the  National  Parliament,  state  officials  and  civil 
society  to  understand  options  and  implement  transitional  justice  measures  on  past 
violations  and  how  to  implement  a  reparations  programme  to  victims,  as  it  is 
recommended in the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) and the 
Commission for Truth and Friendship (CTF) reports. This action under the IfS Transitional 
Justice Facility started on 28/12/2009. 

As of December 2009, the state of play was as follows:  

a)  The  IfS  supported  the  Government-led  security  sector  reform  by  providing  long  term 
advisors to the National Parliament and the Ministry of Defence and Security as well as a 
short-term  advisor  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  Defence.  The  project  also  supported  a 
series  of  stakeholder  workshops  on  the  development  of  the  National  Security  policy,  a 
seminar  on  integrated  border  management,  training  and  mentoring  of  members  of  the 
National  Directorate  for  Public  Building  Security  and  a  short  assessment  on  the  security 
sector and the SSR process in Timor-Leste on the request of the President of Timor-Leste 

b)  The  IfS  supported  the  reintegration  of  IDPs  who  were  displaced  in  the  2006  crisis. 
Improved  social  and  economic  conditions  within  communities  so  as  to  create  the  space 
needed for the transition to long-term stability and  development programming. In 2009, 
some twenty high-risk communities receiving former IDPs in their villages gained access 
to  improved  infrastructure.  The  recording  of  an  educational  soap  opera  on  social  issues 
related to the crisis has been initiated 

c)  The  IfS  is  contributing  to  addressing  the  twin  challenges  of  employment  creation  and 
infrastructure  needs  in  conflict  prone  rural  areas.  Main  results  in  2009:  periodic  routine 
maintenance had been completed for 684 km of rural roads; 70 km of rural roads were 
rehabilitated; and significant employment has been generated for 11,253 beneficiaries of 
which 31% are women. 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The action is fully in line with the EU strategy in the country and the previous EU Rapid Reaction 
Mechanism projects. Coherence with other EU instruments available for Timor-Leste is assured as 
the  activities  funded  under  the  Stability  Instrument  will  be  followed  by  longer-term  support  as 
foreseen under the 10th European Development Fund in the 2008-2013 Country Strategy Paper 
and the National Indicative Programme, most notably in institutional capacity building, inter alia in 
the  security  sector,  and  with  labour-intensive  programmes  in  the  context  of  sustainable  rural 

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development. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
UGANDA 

Title of IfS Decision Programme of support to peace and stability 
in Northern Uganda, with a focus on the Juba 
peace talks and the disarmament process in 
the Karamoja region 
Type of measure Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation, 

Disarmament 

Date of Adoption of IfS 
Decision

21/12/2007 

Amount(s) € 4,200,000 

Contracted: € 2,468,508 

Paid: € 2,016,828 

Start Date of Project 07/03/2008 
End Date 27/09/2009 

Context of Instability 

Relative peace, stability and security have been restored in Northern Uganda, despite the failure 
by  the  Lord's  Resistance  Army  (LRA)  to  sign  the  final  peace  agreement  in  Juba  in  2008. 
Substantial differences remain between the respective agenda of each side, notably with regard to 
outstanding  International  Criminal  Court  arrest  warrants  for  Joseph  Kony  and  other  top  LRA 
leaders.  In  2009,  the  government  of  Uganda  rolled  out  a  support  recovery  and  development 
programme in the post conflict northern region of the country.  

Short Description 

The  IfS  was  mobilised  to  respond  to  a  promising  window  of  opportunity  to  promote  peace  and 
stability in the northern and Karamoja regions of Uganda. The intervention aimed at:  

1)  rapidly responding to the emerging opportunities for peace and stability in Northern Uganda 

2)  addressing  the  escalating  violence  in  the  Karamoja  region  in  the  context  of  an  ongoing 

disarmament exercise 

3)  focusing on more politically sensitive dialogue and confidence building measures, as well as 

on peace talks, which could not be supported under the EDF 

4)  supporting  and  complementing  the  diplomatic  initiatives  of  the  EU  Heads  of  Mission  in 

Northern Uganda and the Karamoja region. 

While the programme had foreseen a substantial financial allocation (€ 2.1 million) for a range of 
actions  in  support  of  the  Juba  peace  process,  progress  stalled  in  November  2008.  As  various 
actions  were  therefore  unable  to  proceed,  it  was  agreed  to  give  some  additional  emphasis  to 
issues  related  to  the  security  situation  in  Karamoja.  The  African  Leadership  Institute  and  the 
Delegation prepared a 'build-up' funding proposal to complement and enhance the effectiveness 
of  the  Civil  Military  Cooperation  (CIMIC)  of  the  Uganda  People’s  Defense  Force  (UPDF)  in  their 
disarmament  campaigns  in  Karamoja.  IfS  interventions  responded  to  the  violence  and  human 
rights  abuses  in  the  context  of  the  Karamoja  disarmament  through  supporting  civil-military 
dialogue and high level confidence-building measures, and by promoting community sensitisation 

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and  urgent  livelihood  alternatives  to  cattle  raiding  - with  a  focus  on  the  youth.  Furthermore,  the 
action  aimed  to  support  regional  and  cross-border  initiatives  addressing  issues  of  peace  and 
stability in Northern Uganda and the Karamoja region.  

Activities and State of Play 

In  Northern  Uganda,  activities  included  direct  support  to  the  Juba  peace  talks  between  the 
Government  of  Uganda  and  the  LRA  as  well  as  strengthening  the  capacity  of  the  Gulu  District 
Reconciliation  and  Peace  Team  (DRPT).  Actions  implemented  over  the  project  period  were 
essential for the crucial interface between the high level Juba talks at the time - with the stalling 
of  the  signing  of  the  peace  agreement,  the  DRPT  continued  with  dialogues  in  the  war  affected 
areas, promoting reintegration of LRA ex-combatants and facilitating cross-border peace building 
measures with key actors, especially in Southern Sudan. 

In  the  Karamoja  region,  technical  support  was  provided  to  the  key  actors  (Karamoja  leaders, 
UPDF,  civil  society,  national  focal  point  on  small  arms)  regarding  confidence  building  measures, 
community  sensitisation,  civil-military  cooperation,  youth  peace  building  initiatives  and  cross-
border peace building initiatives in Kenya and Southern Sudan. With the support of the IfS project 
intervention,  ethnic  violence  and  massive  cattle  raids  have  been  curtailed,  trade  has  been 
boosted, internal markets have opened up including border markets - thus increasing cross border 
trade and building relations with neighbouring communities.  

Community  peace  building  in  Acholiland  through  support  to  the  Gulu  District  Reconciliation  and 
Peace Team - DRPT: this component supported the Justice and Peace Commission to organize a 
Provincial  Annual  Peace  Week,  an  event  that  brought  together  communities  from  DR  Congo, 
Sudan,  Kenya  and  Uganda  to  forge  a  way  on  how  a  lasting  peace  can  be  achieved  within  the 
province and the region at large. The DRPT has enhanced border relations in the region.  

Initiative  for  Peace  and  Development  among  the  ATEKER  Communities  in  the  East  and  Horn  of 
Africa:  the  Ateker  Initiative  has  been  mainstreamed  into  the  ‘International  Conference  on  the 
Great Lakes Region’ (ICGLR), the Pact on Security, Stability and Development under Project Zone 
3 on Disarmament of armed nomadic pastoralists in Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan and Ethiopia, 
endorsed  by  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs  in  Uganda.  Alignment  discussions  are  still  underway 
with  the  Karamoja  Disarmament  and  Development  Plan  (KIDDP)  under  the  Office  of  the  Prime 
Minister to adopt ICGLR as a model for other partner countries Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya.  

Support  to  peace  building,  civil-military  dialogue  and  targeted  actions  providing  alternatives  to 
cattle  raiding  for  warrior  youth  in  Karamoja:  actions  on  peace  and  stability  included  extensive 
human rights and peace building work with UPDF foot soldiers that had not been targeted by any 
form  of  training  in  human  rights  and  non  violent  approaches  to  peace  building.  The  UPDF 
themselves  have  initiated  community  accountability  and  redress  mechanisms  for  violations  of 
human  rights.  Cases  presented  to  UPDF  have  led  to  investigations  of  the  UPDF  Court  Martial 
procedures.  Discussions  were  initiated  with  disarmed  youth  to  map  out  all  raiding  routes  and 
create  a  response  mechanism  for  transforming  them  into  peace  corridors  through  direct  youth 
peace dialogue with those youth still armed.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The IfS actions, particularly in Karamoja, complemented various EU actions, such as the 9th EDF 
Northern Uganda Rehabilitation Programme (NUREP) focusing mainly on rehabilitating social and 
police  infrastructure  for  displaced  population  in  return  processes,  the  EU  STABEX  funded 
Karamoja  Roads  Development  Programme  providing  rehabilitation  of  border/security  relevant 

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district roads/bridges and improved local governance. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
WESTERN BALKANS (REGIONAL ACTIONS) 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1) Support to internships in the International 
Criminal  Tribunal  for  the  Former  Yugoslavia 
(ICTY) for National Prosecutors  

(2) Cooperation with ODIHR/ICTY on Training 
of Law Enforcement Agencies in the Western 
Balkans  

Type of measure  Rule of Law and Transitional Justice 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 5/02/2009 

(2) 3/11/2009 (both under Transitional Justice Facility)  

Amount(s) 

(1) € 600,000 

Totals: 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 597,928 

Committed: € 4,600,000 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 478,342 

Contracted: € 4,597,848 

(2) € 4,000,000 

Paid: € 3,066,602 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 3,999,866 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 2,588,260 

Start Date of Project 

(1) 15/06/2009; (2) 01/05/2010 

End Date 

(1) 15/06/2010; (2) 31/10/2011 

Context of Instability 

The  International  Criminal  Tribunal  for  the  former  Yugoslavia  (ICTY)  was  established  in  1993  by 
the  Security  Council  to  prosecute  and  try  serious  violations  of  international  humanitarian  law 
committed in the former Yugoslavia from 1991. Towards the end of its existence, the transfer of 
knowledge and skills in dealing with war crimes cases from the international level to the domestic 
jurisdictions  in  the Western  Balkans has  become  an  increasingly  urgent  priority.  The  legacy  and 
lasting  impact  of war  crime  proceedings  before the  ICTY  in  fighting  impunity  and  promoting 
accountability  for  the  worst  crimes  in  the  region  is  intrinsically  linked  to  ensuring  that  national 
jurisdictions  have  the  capacity  to  try  war  crimes  cases  fairly  and  efficiently  in  accordance  with 
international standards. ICTY had already transferred some cases for prosecution by the national 
authorities. However, the cases transferred from ICTY are only a small part of the total number of 
the domestic war crime cases. Most of these cases have instead been or will be initiated directly 
at national levels. It is a part of the ICTY's completion strategy that the national authorities in this 
way are in charge of handling the remaining war crime cases. It is also a part of this strategy to 
support  the  capacity  building  of  the  national  jurisdictions. The  ICTY has  started to  transfer 
its know-how to national jurisdictions.  

Short Description 

(1)  Support  to  ICTY  internships  for  national  prosecutors  –  this  action  aims  at  strengthening  the 
capacity  of  the  countries  of  the  former  Yugoslavia  to  effectively  investigate  and  prosecute  war 
crimes  by  providing  specific  training  at  the  Office  of  the  Prosecutor  of  the  ICTY  (OTP)  during 
internships  for  prosecutors  from  the  Balkans.  (2)  Training  of  Law  Enforcement  Agencies  in  the 

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Western  Balkans  -  The  objective  of  this  second  project  is  to  expand  and  intensify  the  know-how 
transfer  from  ICTY  to  national  legal  systems  of  countries  in  the  former  Yugoslavia  in  order  to 
enable them to deal with war crimes cases. The know-how transfer could only take place as long 
as most of the staff of the ICTY is still in post. As first instance cases, with few exceptions, will end 
in 2010, which leaves a limited window of opportunity to implement the projects.  

Activities and State of Play 

(1)  Support  to  ICTY  internships  for  national  prosecutors.  The  programme  is  supporting  6-month 
internships  programmes  in  the  Office  of  the  Prosecutor  of  the  ICTY  from  end  June  2009.  The 
participants are national prosecutors who are members of the specialised prosecution offices in 
charge  of  investigating  and  prosecuting  war  crimes  and  young  professionals  with  an  university 
degree in law, criminology, political science or history and with experience in a law firm or judicial 
institution.  During  their  stage  ICTY  shares  specific  material,  knowledge  and  expertise  in 
investigating  and  prosecuting  complex  war  crimes  cases.  (2)  Training  of  Law  Enforcement 
Agencies  in  the  Western  Balkans.  This  project  will  start  activities  in  2010  and  will  focus  in  four 
different strands. These had been identified in a study conducted jointly by the OSCE’s Office for 
Democratic  Institutions  and  Human  Rights  (ODIHR)  and  ICTY:  (i)  War  crimes  case–training: 
development  of  training  materials  and  curricula  and  the  delivery  of  various  targeted  training 
lawyers, 
events.  Potential  beneficiary  groups 
investigators,  the  police  and  legal  support  staff  from  the  Western  Balkans;  (ii)  Electronic  legal 
tools: ICTY has developed data bases and research tools for finding information in war crime case 
dossiers.  The  knowledge  how  to  use  these  facilities  will  be  disseminated. In  most  Western 
Balkans countries there are currently no electronic research tools centred around war crimes case 
law that encompass local jurisprudence and the project contributes to developing such tools; (iii) 
Transcripts of ICTY proceedings in local languages: while judgments and parts of the documentary 
evidence are available in the languages of the region, the transcripts of the witness testimonies 
present a major gap as they exist only in English or French. The main purpose of the production of 
transcripts  in  Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian  (BCS),  identified  as  a  central  priority  by  stakeholders  in 
the  region,  is  to  facilitate  the  investigation,  prosecution  and  adjudication  of  war  crimes  cases 
before  domestic  courts;  and  (iv)  War  crimes  cases  -  support  staff:  in  order  to  create  a  broader 
impact, a number of legal support staff employed within the framework of the project will follow a 
“train the trainers” programme alongside their daily work. Thus a resource base for future use by 
national governments will be created. 

judiciary,  prosecutors,  defence 

include  the 

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The IfS interventions are complementary with the EU’s policy for stabilizing the Western Balkans. 
However, while the transfer of knowledge and material is expected to be achieved by the time of 
the  ICTY’s  closure,  the  support  to  the  prosecutors  training,  currently  coming  to  an  end  by  June 
2010,  may  need  to  be  continued.  IPA  fund  may  be  used  to  that  end.  It  can  also  be  noted  the 
Outreach  Programme  of  the  ICTY  received  financial  support  from  the  EU,  through  the  European 
Instrument  for  Democracy  and  Human  Rights,  since  2002.  The  primary  aim  of  this  Outreach 
Programme is to dispel misconceptions and provide the general public of the former Yugoslavia 
with accurate information about the work and accomplishments of this institution, so as to bridge 
the gap between the ICTY and the people of the Former Yugoslavia. The legacy and lasting impact 
of the ICTY in fighting impunity and promoting accountability for the worst crimes in the region is 
linked to ensuring that national jurisdictions have the capacity to try war crimes cases fairly and 
efficiently  in  accordance  with  international  standards.  If  this  were  not  done  in  a  timely  manner, 

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there would be a risk that the credibility of the judicial and political systems in the region suffers, 
with negative consequences on political stability of the whole region. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
YEMEN 

Title of IfS Decision  Empowering Government and Civil Society in 

Yemen to Address Mixed Migration 

Type of measure 

Strengthen 
Management Capacity 

Comprehensive 

Border 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

28/07/2009 

Amount(s)  € 2,000,000 

Contracted: as of 31/12/2009 € 2,000,000 

Paid: as of 31/12/2009 € 0 

December 2009 

Start Date of 
Project 
End Date  May 2011 

Context of Instability 

Tens of thousands of migrants and asylum seekers make the hazardous journey from their places 
of origin in the Horn of Africa towards Puntland and Djibouti, and onwards across the Gulf of Aden. 
Despite the dangers and risks associated with the  journey, the number of arrivals in Yemen has 
been  increasing  annually:  between  2006  and  2008,  the  number  of  arrivals  doubled.  In  2009, 
UNHCR received another 77,802 new arrivals, a 55% increase of the previous year.  

Traditionally,  the  majority  of  arrivals  in  Yemen  were  of  Somali  origin  (about  60%),  however,  the 
number  of  non-Somali  migrants  has  been  increasing  drastically  over  the  past  2-3  years  and  in 
2009, Somalis were not the majority of arrivals. Until now, authorities granted prima facie-status 
to  all  Somali  refugees,  but  generally  consider  all  non-Somali  migrants  arriving  from  the  Horn  of 
Africa  as  economic  migrants.  Due  to  the  steadily  increasing  numbers  of  new  arrivals  and  a 
deteriorating  security  situation  in  the  country,  the  Yemeni  authorities  are  re-examining  their 
refugee  policy  to  eventually  adopt  an  ad  hoc  examination  procedure.  The  increased  number  of 
migrants considered not in need of international protection as per the Yemeni standards (approx. 
35% in 2008), have led the Yemeni authorities to indicate their intention to re-open the discussion 
on  even  granting  refugee  status  to  Somali  arrivals.  Popular  acceptance  of  refugee  groups  is 
dwindling  in  light  of  deteriorating  economic  circumstances  and  accusations  of  criminality;  the 
authorities  are  likewise  increasingly  critical  of  the  migrant  population  and  use  systematic 
detention, deportation and refusal to investigate claims for asylum as the main means to control 
the growing number of non-Somali African arrivals.  

Although Yemen has managed in recent year to enhance its border management, the magnitude 
of  the  problem  demands  increased  administrative,  regulatory  and  operational  capacities.  Many 
Yemeni  frontline  agencies  demonstrate  extremely  limited  capacities  to  respond  to  the  diverse 
range  of  needs  encountered  and  are  little  aware  of  the  various  categories  of  irregular  migrants 
arriving at their coastlines.  

Short Description 

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The overall objective of the action is to safeguard the national and regional security and to protect 
the rights of all persons involved in migration, including victims of trafficking, by strengthening the 
capacities  of  the  responsible  Yemeni  institutions  and  other  concerned  actors  (civil  society 
organisations). 

The  project  supports  the  Government  of  Yemen’s  effort  to  address  security  and  humanitarian 
issues  associated  with  the  massive  unregulated  influx  of  highly vulnerable  migrants  and asylum 
seekers who travel the Gulf of Aden route and arrive along the Yemeni coast, a significant number 
of  whom  may  be  actual  or  potential  victims  of  trafficking.  In  particular,  the  International 
Organisation  for  Migration  (IOM)  supports  the  effort  to  enhance  migration  and  border 
management  in  Yemen  through  a  comprehensive  assessment  of  the  policy,  legislative  and 
administrative  framework  and  operational  systems  and  procedures  for  migration  management 
and, subsequently, build human, technical and infrastructural resources at select air, land and sea 
ports  for  enhanced  control  over  human  mobility.  Under  this  action,  IOM  undertakes  capacity 
building  for  frontline  law  enforcement  officers  to  enhance  their  capacity  to  identify  and  assist 
victims  of  trafficking  and  vulnerable  persons  amongst  migrants  arriving  in  or  transiting  through 
Yemen. To help ensure that adequate protection services and resources are available to respond 
to  their  needs,  IOM  works  closely  with  civil  society  organisations  and  Government  agencies 
providing social and humanitarian assistance to trafficking victims and vulnerable migrants.  

The project contains four main areas of intervention:  

a)  assistance  to  the  development  of  an  enhanced  policy,  legislative  and  administrative 
framework for migration management and more effective operational procedures for border 
security;  

b)  enhance  the  control  of  mobility  and  deter  illegal  entry  by  further  building  human,  technical 

and infrastructural resources at select air, land and sea ports;  

c)  strengthen the capacity of frontline law enforcement officers to identify and assist victims of 
trafficking and vulnerable persons amongst migrants arriving in or transiting through Yemen 

d)  enhance the capacity among civil society organizations and Government agencies to support 

and assist vulnerable migrants, including victims of trafficking.  

Activities and State of Play 

The  country  team  of  IOM  started  establishing  a  network  with  relevant  Yemeni  authorities  and 
agencies from July 2009 on. After the signature of the contract in December 2009, IOM recruited 
a  dedicated  programme  manager  with  relevant  experiences  in  Iraq  and  Jordan.  The  project  was 
officially  launched  with  the  participation  of  Yemeni  Ministries  and  Civil  Society  Organizations  in 
the beginning of January 2010. 

Several  meetings  with  the  Ministry  of  Interior  have  been  organised  and  the  participants  for  the 
Legal Task Force (LTF) and the Policy Task Force (PTF) have been selected and initial workshops 
are scheduled for February.  

A  dedicated  consultant  visits  Yemen  in  January  and  February  to  assess  the  needs  of  frontline 
border  officers  for  training  and  equipment.  The  consultant  meets  authorities  from  the  central 
government  in  Sana’a  and  implanting  agencies  at  the  coastline.  His  report  will  lead  to  the 
recommendations for equipment to be purchased in Q2 2010.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

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The  IfS  measure  combines  the  dual  purposes  of  increased  regional  security  and  protection  for 
vulnerable migrants/victims of trafficking. By supporting the Yemeni authorities to increase their 
border management capacities and improving the response to migrants/victims of trafficking, the 
IfS measure bridges the gap between support to good governance and humanitarian assistance. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) PROGRAMMES IN 
ZIMBABWE 

Title of IfS Decision 

(1)  Promote  Dialogue  and  Democracy  in 
Zimbabwe in the Context of 2008 Elections 

(2)  Support  to  the  implementation  of  the 
Global Political Agreement  

Type of measure 

Reconciliation, conflict resolution 

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decision 

(1) 11/12/2007 

(2) 23/12/2009 

Amount(s) 

(1) € 3,000,000 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009: € 2,999,966 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 1,822,098 

(2) € 10,500,000 

Contracted as of 31/12/2009:€ 1,499,730 

Paid as of 31/12/2009: € 879,588 

Totals: 

Committed: € 13,500,000 

Contracted: € 4,499,696 

Paid: € 2,701,686 

Start Date of 
Project 

(1) January 2008 

(2) February 2010 

End Date 

(1) July 2009 

(2) August 2011 

Context of Instability 

The  political  developments  in  Zimbabwe  that  followed  the  29  March  2008  general  elections 
exacerbated the social and political crisis in the country, throughout a violence-ridden period until 
the  second  round  of  the  presidential  elections  in  June  2008,  boycotted  by  the  opposition 
candidate Morgan Tsvangirai. The outcome of the electoral process left a society, already deeply 
divided,  in  a  state  of  crisis  with  the  opposition  in  command  of  the  House  of  Assembly  and  a 
powerful Presidency with severely compromised legitimacy.  

In order to resolve the political impasse the parties agreed to return to the SADC sponsored, South 
Africa  mediated  multiparty  negotiations.  The  15  September  2008  a  power-sharing  accord,  the 
Global Political Agreement (GPA), was signed by the parties in conflict and in February 2009 and 
Inclusive  Government  including  the  three  political  parties  (MDC-T,  MDC-M,  ZANU  PF)  was  finally 
established.  During  the  months  it  took  to  negotiate  this  agreement  and  then  form  the 
government, the social and economic fabric of the country continued to decline dramatically. 

Zimbabwe's sustainable recovery and full international reengagement will now very much depend 
on  the  extent  to  which  the  agreed  reforms  are  implemented  during  the  transitional  period,  in 

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particular in regards to governance-related commitments at political level, so far very limited. The 
implementation  of  the  GPA  is  globally  incomplete  and  causes  major  controversies  among  the 
three Political Parties of the Inclusive Government 

Short Description 

(1)  Promote  Dialogue  and  Democracy  in  Zimbabwe  in  the  Context  of  2008  Elections  -  In  the 
context  of  the  elections  of  2008  and  in  a  progressive  worsening  of  the  political  situation,  the 
Commission  decided  to  support  civil  society  initiatives  promoting  dialogue  and  confidence 
building  in  order  to  help  secure  the  basis  of  the  democracy  and  for  a  national  reconciliation 
process.  Following  the  formation  of  the  new  Inclusive  Government,  the  Commission  decided  to 
deploy a high level adviser to the EU Delegation in Harare in order to help assessing the situation 
in terms of governance and preparing the ground towards unlocking the political dialogue with the 
EU.  

(2) Support to the implementation of the Global Political Agreement - In June 2009 the European 
Union  re-launched  the  political  dialogue  with  Zimbabwe  with  the  aim  to  establish  a  roadmap 
towards both the implementation of the GPA and the normalisation of the relations and the lifting 
of the current measures. To back this process and create the conditions for a full re-engagement 
of  the  EU  with  Zimbabwe,  the  Commission  has  formulated  a  Short-Term  Transition  Strategy  to 
support  the  stabilisation  of  the  Inclusive  Government  and  its  reform  programme,  which  address 
both  Zimbabwe  social  recovery  and  EU  concerns  on  human  rights,  rule  of  law  and  democratic 
principles.  The  Strategy  includes  €  22.5  million  of  new  funding  in  addition  to  resources  already 
earmarked for the country. The € 10.5 million IfS additional support is part of this strategy and the 
bulk of it focuses on the promotion of the democratic reforms in order to prepare the country for 
the elections, while the 10th EDF ad hoc additional allocation (€ 11.5 million) will mainly help to 
rebuild  the  collapsed  education  sector.  Limited  funds  from  both  instruments  will  be  used  to 
alleviate  threats  to  public  health  and  ensure  a  minimal  functioning  of  the  system  in  2010.  This 
support will complement the humanitarian intervention against the cholera epidemic. 

Activities and State of Play 

(1)  Promote  Dialogue  and  Democracy  in  Zimbabwe  in  the  Context  of  2008  Elections  -  The 
measure  started  in  early  2008  with  15  actions,  implemented  by  experienced  local  and  regional 
civil  society  organisations,  including  one  short-term  expert  on  human  rights  data  collection,  in  a 
very difficult operating environment. The projects combined a set of measures ranging form 3 to 
18  months  encompassing  various  areas  such  as  electoral  matters,  Zimbabwe  Civil  Society 
common strategy, media issues and the reconciliation process. Most of the actions were finalised 
in  2008  and  contributed  to  promote  participation  and  civil  society’s  role  in  the  elections  and  to 
bring cohesion in addressing the political crisis, with particular emphasis on gender empowering. 
In  2009,  the  programme  launched  two  initiatives  to  lay  the  foundations  for  a  future  national 
reconciliation  process.  Activities  such  as  trainings,  consultative  meetings,  workshops,  outreach 
activities,  awareness  raising,  election  observation  and  tabulation,  information  campaigns, 
protection to victim’s or edition of policy options papers has been performed at national and local 
level. From April 2009, a governance expert has been deployed in Harare to support the efforts of 
the  EU  Delegation  and  Member  States  in  supporting  Zimbabwe’s  endeavours  to  implement  the 
Global  Political  Agreement  and  thus  to  address  the  main  issues  of  concern  which  led  to  the 
imposition  of  EU  restrictive  measures.  The  expert  has  assisted  the  Commission  and  all  EU 
missions  by  providing  analysis  and  advice  on  current  legal  framework  and  political  matters.  His 
input  has  been  crucial  to  design  the  road  map  to  open  EU-Zimbabwe’s  political  dialogue,  to 

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enhance EU assistance coordination in the sector and to identify the new IfS programme adopted 
on December.  

(2) Support to the implementation of the Global Political Agreement - The actions foreseen under 
this  programme,  which  will  be  implemented  from  2010,  will  support  the  constitutional-making 
process,  initiatives  and  mechanisms  aiming  at  enhancing  the  national  reconciliation  and  the 
resolution of conflicts, awareness raising activities and training helping at promoting the reforms 
within the security system, through both local and international non-state actors, and international 
organisations. The IfS contribution to the health sector (€ 3 million) will complement 2010 donor 
contributions  to  the  public  health  by  providing  training,  medical  gas  and  blood  products  for 
maternity care through the national services.  

Role  of  the  IfS  Action  within  the  Broader  EU  and  International 
Response 

The programmes funded by the IfS are in line with the scope of appropriate measures adopted by 
EU Council Decision on 18 February 2002 on Article 96 of Cotonou and, since June 2009, they are 
strictly related to the re-launched EU-Zimbabwean political dialogue.  

The  programmes  provide  direct  support  to  the  population  through  democratisation  actions  and 
are part of a broader EU Short Term Strategy in support of the implementation of the GPA. This 
strategy has been designed coherently with the international community, in particular EU Member 
States and has strengthened the leading role of the EU in the governance sector. Governance is at 
the  centre  of  the  EU's  development  strategy  in  Zimbabwe  within  the  present  transitional  period 
and  will  most  likely  remain  a  key  sector  in  the  future  EU  cooperation.  This  funding  allows  then 
bridging  into a  potential  10th  EDF  Country  Strategy  Paper,  which  would  then  build-up  on  the  IfS 
intervention. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) FACILITIES 

Title of IfS 
Decisions 

(1) Facilities for urgent actions involving 
Policy Advice, Technical Assistance, 
Mediation and Reconciliation for the 
benefit of third countries in crisis 
situations (PAMF) - €10 million in 
2007/€5.5 million in 2008 / €12 million 
in 2009 

(2) Conflict Resources Facility - €2 million 
in 2007 

(3) Transitional Justice Facility - €12 
million in 2008 

Type of 
measure 

Reconciliation, conflict resolution, conflict 
resources, transitional justice and rule of 
law 

Date of 
Adoption of IfS 
Decisions 

(1) 17/04/2007; 17/12/2008; 
04/08/2009 

(2) 11/07/2007 

Amount(s) 

(3) 18/06/2008 

Paid: € 15,666,218 

(1) Committed: € 27,521,268; 
Contracted: € 21,197,031; 
(2) Committed: € 2,000,000; 
Contracted: € 2,000,000; 
(3) Committed: € 12,000,000;  
Contracted: € 12,000,000;  

Paid: € 1,389,815 

Paid: € 8,849,683 

With  the  backing  of  a  local  non-governmental 
organisation,  internally  displaced  persons  (IDPs) 
attend a group discussion.  

©  Wasif  Munem  /  Agence  VU’  /  Philippines-
Mindanao, September 2009 

  Message  painted 
on  a  wall:  ‘No  to  violence’.  After  a  decade  of 
violence by Shining Path in the 1980s, the Peruvian 
Truth  and  Reconciliation  Commission  estimated 
the  victims  of  the  conflict  totalled  69,280  (2003 
estimate).  

©  Rodrigo  Gomez  Rovira  /  Agence  VU’  /  Peru, 
August 2009 

The objective of creating the PAMF-Facilities is to enable the Commission to provide timely support 
to  small-scale  actions  aimed  at  addressing  situations  of  urgency,  crisis  or  emerging  crisis,  in 
particular  policy  advice  or  urgent  technical  assistance  to  third  countries;  mediation,  dialogue  and 
reconciliation  actions;  information,  advocacy  and  awareness  actions;  and  contribution  to  actions 
launched by non-state actors, international organisations, including co-ordination of activities of the 
international community. 

Under  the  previous  three  IfS  ‘PAMF’  Facilities,  rapid  financing  of  small-scale  and  highly  focused 
activities in response to crisis has enabled the EU to quickly react in different situations to different 
needs  –  so  far,  36  such  measures  have  been  adopted  for  a  total  of  €25.5  million,  indicating  an 
average  amount  of  approximately  €700,000  for  a  smaller-scale  measure,  ranging  from  €60,000 
for  support  to  urgent  mediation  in  Madagascar  in  2009  to  €2  million  for  urgent  technical 
assistance  to  launch  a  border  security  pilot  project  in  Lebanon  in  2007  and  for  urgent  electoral 
assistance in the Republic of Moldova in 2009, or for addressing the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh 
in 2010 under the 3rd Facility.  

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Other  measures  financed  under  the  previous  facilities  include  urgent  expert  support  to  Security 
Sector  Reform  in  Guinea-Bissau  and  the  Central  African  Republic  and  for  the  African  Union  (AU), 
rapid  provision  of  expert  support  to  launching  police  reform  in  Lebanon,  immediate  support  to 
conflict  resolution  efforts  by  the  Middle  East  Quartet  Representative,  but  also  in  Burma,  Georgia, 
Madagascar and the Solomon Islands through the UN and civil society, co-financing of urgent post-
disaster needs assessments in Bangladesh, Burma, Namibia and the Ukraine, carried out by the UN 
and the World Bank, and rapid financial and expert support to the preparation of elections in crisis 
situations (Fiji, Zambia). In addition, effective and rapid support was provided for urgent expert and 
financial support to conflict resolution efforts in Laos, Myanmar, and Armenia.  

Under a new Facility planned for 2010, the Commission will deploy additional support for conflict 
analysis  and  advocacy  towards  the  resolution  of  conflicts  in  priority  crisis  countries.  Activities  in 
these countries may include: (i) raising global and local awareness of the existence of the crises in 
the  different  countries;  (ii)  providing  independent,  high-quality,  field-based  analysis  of  each  crisis; 
(iii) proposing concrete and practical policy recommendations that can contribute to the resolution 
of  each  crisis,  and  (iv)  seeking  to  mobilise  global  and  local  political  will  to  act  on  the 
recommendations, inter alia, through high-level advocacy, briefings and policy advice. 

Other measures will include actions to promote equitable access to and transparent management 
of natural resources in a situation of crisis or emerging crisis, with the possibility of offering to third 
countries  and  parties  timely  assistance  directed  at  the  natural  resources  sector,  so  as  to  ensure 
those  resources  are  used  and  managed  in  a  conflict-sensitive,  legal,  transparent  and  equitable 
manner  for  the  benefit  of  communities  rather  than  contributing  to  tensions,  fuelling  instability  or 
financing conflict. These types of measures have been supported so far under a separate Financing 
Decision  for  a  “Conflict  Resources  Facility”,  adopted  in  2007  for  €2  million.  These  funds  have  by 
now  been  fully  committed  for  four  separate  actions.  Given  the  relatively  limited  needs  for  such 
smaller actions, it is proposed not to adopt a separate follow-on facility for conflict resources, but to 
include these actions under this new Decision if and when urgent crisis response is required in this 
sector. 

In  addition,  there  is  a  need  to  increase  interventions  with  a  focus  on  the  role  of  women  in 
Peacebuilding and on the needs of women and children in conflict in pursuit of UNSC Resolutions 
1325 and 1820.  

Furthermore,  the  new  Facility  shall  also  serve  to  rapidly  provide  support  to  actions  previously 
financed  under  an  IfS  “Transitional  Justice  Facility”  (TJF,  €12  million,  Commission  Decision  C 
(2008) 2923 of 18.06.2008). This latter facility has effectively served to focus on the full range of 
processes and mechanisms associated with transitional justice, including tribunals of international 
character attributing crimes to a specific person in order to promote conciliation and stabilisation. 
These included both judicial and non-judicial and restorative approaches, ranging from tribunals to 
truth-seeking, reparations mechanisms for the settlement of human rights claims, or institutional 
reform measures as identified in points (c) and (d) of Articles 3(2) of the Instrument for Stability.  

Support  was  provided  notably  in  the  form  of  policy  advice,  technical,  logistical  and  financial 
assistance to third countries confronted with a crisis, an emerging crisis or a post-conflict situation. 
Specifically,  the  TJF  provided  rapid  support  to  the  special  court  for  Sierra  Leone  trying  Charles 
Taylor,  support  to  Truth  and  Reconciliation  Commission  in  the  Solomon  Islands,  a  substantial 
contribution  to  the  Special  Tribunal  for  Lebanon  investigating  the  assassination  of  late  Prime 
Minister  Rafiq  Hariri,  and  support  to  the  transfer  of  knowledge  and  materials  of  war  crime  cases 
from  the  International  Criminal  Tribunal  for  the  former  Yugoslavia  to  national  jurisdictions  in  the 

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Western Balkans. 

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STABILITY INSTRUMENT 

ARTICLE 4.1 AND 4.2 

BUILDING CAPACITY TO ADDRESS SPECIFIC GLOBAL AND 

TRANSREGIONAL THREATS -  

PROGRESS REPORTS 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) 

Trans-regional actions in the areas of organised crime, trafficking, 
protection of critical infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight 
against Terrorism (Article 4.1 IfS Regulation) 

Title of IfS Decisions  Annual Action Programmes for Article 4.1 IfS adopted in 2007, 

2008 and 2009 

Type of measure  Trans-regional  actions 

in  the  areas  of  organised  crime,  trafficking, 
protection  of  critical  infrastructure,  threats  to  public  health  and  the  fight 
against terrorism  

Date of Adoption of 
IfS Decisions 

AAP  2007  on  17/12/2008;  AAP  2008  on  10/11/2008;  AAP  2009  on 
25/09/2009 

Amount(s)  Committed: € 38,285,960; Contracted: € 27,895,091; Paid: € 12,260,335 

On 8 April 2009, the Instrument for Stability indicative programming for 2009-2011 was adopted, 
followed on 25 September by the Annual Action Programme (AAP) 2009 for €14 million covering 
new  programmes  on  the  cocaine  trafficking  route  and  on  critical  maritime  routes,  together  with 
the  IfS  Expert  Support  Facility's  new  specialised  framework  contract  with  Member  State 
organisations  covering, 
inter  alia,  chemical,  biological,  radiological,  and  nuclear  (CBRN) 
technologies, bio-safety & bio-security, counterterrorism and organised crime. In addition, a pilot 
project on Maritime Awareness and Risks for €1 million was adopted in 2009 and is now under 
way. 

In this context, a major project was launched to tackle trafficking and organised crime along the 
“cocaine  route”  from  Latin  America  via  the  Caribbean  and  West  Africa  to  Europe.  An  overall 
budget of €6.5 million was decided for the first phase of this trans-regional action within the AAP 
for 2009. It consists of four components, with the aim to link them up gradually in the near future. 
The specific objectives are: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

To  strengthen  the  anti-drug  capacities  of  beneficiary  countries  in  West  Africa  at  selected 
airports; (AIRCOP) – €2.3 million. 

To strengthen cooperation in contrasting maritime trafficking and supporting capacity building 
in fight against international criminal networks in WA; (SEACOP) – €2 million. 

To  enhance  the  capacity  of  law  enforcement,  judicial  and  prosecuting  authorities  of  LAC 
countries in tackling transnational organised crime; (AMERIPOL) – €1.5 million. 

To  support  the  fight  against  money  laundering  and  financial  crime  in  Latin  American  and 
Caribbean countries. (GAFISUD) – €0.7 million. 

The  agreements  for  AIRCOP  and  GAFISUD  were  signed,  while  the  components  SEACOP  and 
AMERIPOL were by end of 2009 in the stage of final identification for implementation. 

Through the programme for Prevention of the diversion of drugs precursors in the Latin American 
and Caribbean region (PRELAC) the EU is providing support (€ 2.24 million) to 12 countries Latin 
America  and  the  Caribbean.  PRELAC  mainly  serves  to  strengthen  the  capacities  of  national 
administrative control authorities within the region, primarily by means of sharing EU acquis and 
experience (DG TAXUD) and an enhanced exchange of information. The project is implemented by 
UNODC and has started implementation in March 2009 with a duration of three years.  

In  the  field  of  counter-terrorism,  a  contribution  agreement  was  signed  with  African  Centre  for 
Studies and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT) for an amount of €0.6 million. Specific objectives of 
the  project  are:  capacity  building,  networking,  information  exchange,  raising  awareness  and 

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understanding on the need to address the global scourge of terrorism through cooperation (trans-
regional and between ACRST and EU agencies). Two contracts were signed for feasibility studies 
with  regard  to  possible  future  actions  in  the  field  of  counter-terrorism  for  the  Sahel  region  and 
South Asia. 

The EU adopted in September 2009, as part of the AAP for 2009, Phase I of the programme on 
Critical Maritime Routes with the objectives to contribute to the security and safety of navigation 
in  the  Straits  of  Malacca  and  Singapore,  the  Horn  of  Africa  and  Gulf  of  Aden  (together  €  4.5 
million), inter alia, by providing support to capacity building of maritime administrations. Both the 
projects in South-East Asia and off the coast of Somalia will start implementation in 2010 and run 
for  a  period  of  three  years.  Additionally,  the  project  on  the  provision  of  services  related  to  the 
usage  of  the  ConTraffic  system  for  Critical  Maritime  Routes  (CRIMACON)  (€  0.35  million),  which 
started in January 2010 and is implemented by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides support 
capacity and expertise on maritime affairs and contributes reduce illicit trafficking via risk analysis 
and  containers'  monitoring  in  selected  ports. Furthermore, the  EU adopted in December 2009 a 
pilot project on "Piracy, Maritime Awareness and Risks" (PMAR) (€1 million) with the objective to 
deliver maritime surveillance data of the region off the coast of Somalia routinely to operational 
users  in  the  field  the  JRC  is  implementing  this  project  which  started  in  January  2010  with  a 
duration of two years. This Pilot Project is independent from any action under the Instrument for 
Stability  and  its  activities  remain  complementary  to  those  under  the  Critical  Maritime  Routes 
programme. 

In 2009, the European Union continued to promote the issue of Small Arms and Light Weapons 
(SALW) in all multilateral fora and in political dialogue with third countries. The EU also addressed 
the  destabilising  effects  of  the  proliferation  and  trafficking  of  SALW,  firearms  and  explosive 
materials  through  concrete  projects  with  a  trans-regional  dimension.  IfS  organised,  in  October 
2009,  a  validation  workshop  on  the  issue  of  Small  Arms  and  Light  Weapons  (SALW).  It  brought 
together  45  participants  from  relevant  regional  organisations,  UN  agencies,  NGOs,  EU  Member 
States and different European Commission services. The purpose was to discuss SALW priorities, 
for the Annual Action Plan for 2010. In Central America, the EU supported the Central American 
Small  and  Light  Weapons  Control  Programme  (CASAC)  in  its  efforts  to  fight  against  the  illicit 
trafficking of firearms and explosive materials in Central America and neighbouring countries (€1 
million).  In  Africa,  the  EU  provided  support  to  the  Regional  Centre  on  Small  Arms,  located  in 
Nairobi, in the fight against illicit accumulation and trafficking of firearms and explosive materials 
within  the  framework  of  the  Africa-EU  strategic  partnership  (€  3.3  million).  In  addition,  the  EU 
supported  the  African  Union  by  funding  an  expert  to  prepare  the  basic  elements  of  an  African 
Union  Small  Arms  and  Light  Weapons  Strategy.  The  draft  Strategy  has  been  submitted  to  the 
Steering Committee of the African Union in December 2009 with a view to a formal adoption in 
2010.  

The  IfS  Expert  Support  Facility  (ESF)  provides  support  to  the  preparation  and  implementation  of 
trans-regional  and/or  multi-purpose  projects  and  programmes  at  the  programming  and 
implementation  levels.  Due  to  the  specific  nature of  the  IfS  with  actions  in  the  areas  of  nuclear 
safety and security and trans-regional threats, these tasks are undertaken by teams of EU Member 
States'  experts  from  specialized  organisations.  The  ESF  has  contributed  to  the  analysis  for  the 
basis for programming and implementation of Art. 4(1): 'Counteracting Global and Trans-regional 
Threats' and 4(2): 'CBRN risk mitigation and preparedness' of the IfS. By end of December 2009) 
the ESF completely used the budget of €5.8 million decided in 2007 and 2008. An additional €2.5 
million committed in 2009, as part of the Annual Action Plan (AAP) for 2009, will be used by end 
2010.  By  the  end  of  2009  more  than  40  expert  missions  had  been  carried  out  in  around  30 
countries. Five assignments were launched in 2009 for IfS, priority 2. Countries/regions covered 
include  the  Caribbean,  Latin  America,  Senegal,  Ghana,  Cap  Verde,  Indonesia,  Bangladesh,  Mali, 
Mauritania and the Horn of Africa. 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) 

Actions in the area of risk mitigation and preparedness relating to 
chemical, nuclear and biological materials or agents - (Article 4.2 IfS 
Regulation) 

Title of IfS Decisions  Annual  Action  Programmes  for  Article  4.2  IfS  adopted  in  2007, 

2008, and 2009 

Type of measure  Risk  mitigation  and  preparedness  relating  to  chemical,  nuclear 

and biological materials or agents  
AAP  2007  17/12/2007,  AAP  2008  05/12/2008,  AAP  2009 
30/11/ 2009 

Date of Adoption of IfS 
Decisions 

Amount(s)  Committed:  €  83,500,000  Contracted:  €  66,493,496  -  Paid:  € 

37,571,822 

in  Ukraine 

On the basis of the Strategy 2007-2011 and the Indicative Programme for the years 2009-2011 the 
third (2009) AAP (€ 32 million) was defined and adopted in November 2009. It provided funding for 
the  set-up  and  establishment  of  CBRN  Centres  of  Excellence,  for strengthening  civilian  capabilities 
and  exchange  of  information  to  fight  against  illicit  trafficking  of  CBRN  materials,  for  improving 
capabilities against biological threats, for alternative employment of former weapon scientists and 
engineers through support to International Science and Technology Centre in Moscow / Science and 
Technology  Centre 
in  Kiev  (ISTC/STCU)  and  support  to  capacity  building  for 
decommissioning of nuclear facilities for redirection of former Iraqi WMD scientists. A first share of 
the announced EU contribution for the establishment of Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel bank under 
the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was also foreseen under this annual 
action programme. However, due to the lack of consensus at international level on this issue and the 
need to ensure contracting of 2009 funds before the end of 2010, the EU was obliged to reallocate 
the corresponding budget to four new projects providing additional funding for the CBRN Centres of 
Excellence,  combating  illicit  trafficking  of  CBRN  materials,  enhancement  of  bio-safety  and  bio-
security  and  export  control  of  dual-use  goods.  The  decision  on  this  AAP2009  modification  is 
expected  by  July  2010.  If  in  the  future  the  IAEA  Board  of  Governors  reaches  a  common 
understanding  on  a  Low-Enriched  Uranium  bank,  EU  contribution  to  the  establishment  of  the  LEU 
bank could be provided under AAP 2011. 

All activities defined in two previous (2007 and 2008) Annual Action Programmes for priority 1 were 
entirely  contracted  and  started.  The  first  evaluation  of  the  programme  results  was  launched  in 
January  2010.  It  covers  three  main  areas:  export  control  of  dual–use  goods,  combating  illicit 
trafficking of CBRN materials, and redirection of former WMD scientists' and engineers' knowledge 
to peaceful activities. For reasons of coherence and completeness, this evaluation covers the period 
2004-2009  as  the  activities  under  the  evaluated  areas  have  started  before  the  IFS  came  to  force. 
The  evaluation  results  will  be  taken  into  consideration  in  the  definition  of  the  new  Strategy  and 
Indicative programme 2012-2013 for the priority 1. 

Whereas  historically  activities  in  most  fields  related  to  this  part  of  the  Stability  Instrument  were 
concentrated on the former Soviet Union, efforts have been made to enlarge the geographical scope. 
Activities  on  combating  illicit  CBRN  trafficking,  enhancing  bio-safety  and  bio-security  and  export 
control involve now authorities in South-East Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the 
former  Yugoslav  Republic  of  Macedonia,  Kosovo,  Montenegro  and  Serbia),  South-East  Asia  (China, 
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar/Burma, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam), Near/Middle 
East (Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, occupied Palestinian territory, Syria, Turkey, 
United  Arab  Emirates)  and  North  Africa  (Algeria,  Egypt,  Libya,  Morocco,  Tunisia).  In  addition,  in 
accordance with the conclusions of the exploratory expert missions performed in the framework of 
the Expert Support Facility and the results of the previous projects, regional Centres of Excellence on 
CBRN for capacity building in all areas of the Instrument for Stability Article 4.2 will be established in 

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South-East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Ukraine / South Caucasus and Africa. Follow-up 
missions in Africa are ongoing. 

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STABILITY INSTRUMENT 

ARTICLE 4.3 

CRISIS PREPAREDNESS - PEACEBUILDING PARTNERSHIP -  

PROGRESS REPORT 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) 

Crisis Preparedness (Article 4.3 IfS Regulation) 

Title of IfS Decisions 

Annual Action Programmes for Crisis Preparedness 2007 - 2009 

Type of measure 

Pre- and post-crisis capacity building 

Date of Adoption of IfS 
Decisions 

21/12/2007, 31/03/2008, and 30/06/2009 

Amount(s) 

€ 20,000,000 - Contracted: € 15,361,979 - Paid: € 7,437,359 

The crisis preparedness component (Article 4.3) of the Instrument for Stability - also known as the 
Peacebuilding  Partnership  –  provides  support  for  long-term  measures  aimed  at  building  and 
strengthening  the  capacity  of  non-state  actors; 
international,  regional  and  sub-regional 
organisations;  and  relevant  Member  States  agencies,  in  the  areas  of  conflict  prevention  and 
peace-building.  

A total €15 million was allocated to the Peacebuilding Partnership over 2007-2008, and the Multi-
Annual Indicative Programme 2009-2011 for the long-term measures  under the IfS  - which  was 
adopted on 8 April 2009 – allocates a further €30-39 million. 

In 2009 itself, the crisis preparedness component of the Instrument for Stability - also known as 
the Peacebuilding Partnership - mobilised a total of €5 million, focusing on the following activities: 
i)  Reinforcing  co-operation  and  building  capacity  with  international,  regional  and  sub-regional 
organisations,  including  support  to  the  UN’s  Mediation  Support  Unit;  to  the  UN  Peace-Building 
Support Office; to the International Dialogue on Peace-building and State-building between fragile 
states  and  development  partners  and  the  monitoring  project  on  the  implementation  of  the 
Principles  for  Good  International  Engagement  in  Fragile  States  and  Situations,  managed  by  the 
OSCE DAC secretariat; and to early warning networks among relevant international/regional/sub-
regional  organisations  through  the  deployment  of  common  tools  and  working  practices;  ii) 
Training of up to 600 additional police experts for participation in civilian stabilisation missions. 

The  Peacebuilding  Partnership  also  aims  to  foster  dialogue  with  civil  society  organisations.  In 
2009,  this  dialogue  was  further  enhanced  by  the  means  of  crisis-specific  consultation  meetings 
for both European- and field-level civil society experts to exchange views with EU policy-makers on 
specific geographic crises such as Bosnia Herzegovina and Nagorno Karabakh. EU Delegations – 
as  well  as  EU  Special  Representatives  and  their  staff  -  have  participated  in  these  consultation 
meetings.  

In the first half of 2009, a Stocktaking and Scoping Study on the Peacebuilding Partnership was 
commissioned  from  two  external  experts.  Consulting  with  the  relevant  actors  (Commission 
services,  civil  society,  European  Parliament,  etc.),  this  study  aimed  at  drawing  lessons  learned 
from  the  first  year  of  implementation  of  the  Partnership  and  at  formulating  recommendations, 
which broadly constitute the basis for the draft 2010 Annual Action Programme for the IfS crisis 
preparedness component . The main recommendations of the study relate to the adoption of as 
wide  as  possible  a  definition  of  peace-building.  Moreover,  preference  should  also  be  given  to 
thematic  or  transversal  issue  areas  that  work  across  a  range  of  geographical  contexts  and  that 
demonstrate a clear complementarity with other EU supported activities and policy priorities.  

Finally,  the  Peacebuilding  Partnership  web-portal  has  been  established  as  a  channel  of 
communication  with  civil  society  actors.  It  permits  civil  society  organisations  to  register  and  to 
receive up-dates – by means of electronic alerts – of the latest developments with regard to the 
Partnership.  Delegations  are  encouraged  to  inform  their  civil  society  contacts,  active  on  peace-

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building  issues,  of  the  existence  of  the  Peacebuilding  Partnership  and,  more  particularly,  of  the 
web-portal. (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/tariqa/PeaceBuilding/)  

Under the successive Annual Action Programmes, the Peacebuilding Partnership is working with 
three major groups of partner organisations:  

•  Non-state actors - principally, civil society organisations;  

• 

International organizations (for example, UN), and regional organisations - such as the African 
Union – and sub-regional organisations;  

•  Relevant bodies in EU Member States training both civilian and police experts to participate in 

civilian stabilisation missions. 

Examples of Peacebuilding Partnership activities include: 

•  A series of capacity-building projects with civil society organisations which resulted from two 
2008 calls for proposals (dealing with general capacity-building and policy-input round-tables, 
respectively), a number of which are now being managed on a sub-delegated basis; 

•  Co-operation,  notably  with  UNDP  and  the  World  Bank,  on  developing  frameworks 
(methodologies,  policy,  guidelines,  and  training)  in  relation  to  post-conflict  and  post-disaster 
needs assessment. These frameworks have already proven to be of use in practice in several 
conflict/disaster scenarios (e.g. Pakistan, Haiti); 

• 

• 

• 

The development (working together with relevant UN - notably, UNDP - and other international 
bodies)  of  a  policy  and  training  framework  with  regard  to  the  management  of  natural 
resources  and  conflict.  During  the  first  phase  of  the  activities,  training  modules  on  issues 
relating  to  a)  land,  b)  the  consensual  and  equitable  management  of  natural  wealth,  c) 
resource  scarcity,  environmental  degradation  and  climate  change  risks,  and  d)  capacity 
development  for  natural  resource  management,  were  elaborated  and  will  now  be  piloted  in 
four countries selected to the extent possible from among those currently within the remit of 
the UN Peacebuilding Commission; 

The  provision  of  two  additional  natural  resources  experts  for  the  stand-by  team  of  UN’s 
Mediation  Support  Unit,  who  will  be  able  to  provide  relevant  expertise  in  specific  in-country 
mediation processes (also at the disposal of EU partners); 

The support for the establishment of a Peacebuilding Assistance data-base by the UN Peace-
Building Support Office to improve government capacity for aid management in selected post-
conflict countries, and to provide enhanced aid data - notably to national governments and to 
donors in-country. 

•  Contribution to the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding between fragile 
states and development partners. Moreover, support will be provided to the monitoring project 
on the implementation of the Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States 
and Situations, which will focus – not just on issues of donor co-ordination – but also on the 
improvement  of  the  collective  performance  of  development,  security  defence,  humanitarian 
and diplomatic personnel. Both activities are funded via the OECD-DAC secretariat; 

•  Co-operation with relevant international/regional/sub-regional organisations - notably with the 

African Union and the League of Arab States - to enhance their early warning networks; 

• 

Training  of  civilian  and  police  experts  from  EU  Member  States  for  participation  in  civilian 
stabilisation  missions,  in  partnership  with  the  French  Gendarmerie  Nationale,  the  Italian 
Carabinieri and the German Bundespolizei. It is envisaged to extend police training to non-EU 
participants  (non-EU  countries  contributing  to  CSDP  missions  and  African  countries)  in  the 
coming years 

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Status and Description of individual Projects under the Peacebuilding Partnership 

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No
1

Title of the action
Youth Peace Advocates in 
Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina

Organisation

Stichting Care 
Nederland

I. Call for Proposals on Capacity-building (AAP-2007) 
Partner(s)

Contracted in €
485,000

Paid in €
228,893

Starting date
01/ 01/ 09
(36 months)

Youth Organisation ‘Odisej’ 
(Bratunac) Youth Council 
Srebrenica, Youth Council 
Vlasenica

2

3

4

5

Preventing inter-community 
conflicts in East Africa AAP 2007

Minority Rights 
Group

EWC; OPDP; CECORE; PDA.

340,742

52,207

01/ 01/ 09
(36 months)

Recovery to serve-building 
capacity for NGOs and CBOs to 
stimulate recovery from the 
conflict and tsunami

Arbeiter Samariter 
Bund Deutschland 

Law & Society Trust; Peace & 
Community Action; Social 
Scientists Association

728,607

104,151

01/ 07/ 2009
(36 months)

Political Participation of women 
from Afghanistan, DRC and 
Liberia in Peace and Security 
Policy

Medica Mondiale

Law & PAIF, Goma/ DRC ; ISIS 
(Europe).

695,651

77,889

01/ 03/ 09 
(36 months)

Strengthening Capacity to 
Design, Monitor and Evaluate 
Peacebuilding Programming

Care International 
UK

International Alert 

750,000

147,070

01/ 03/ 09
(30 months)

Total amount:

3,000,000

610,210

Description
The overall objective is to increase stability and peace, and 
promote a culture of human rights amongst youth and the 
community in general throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. The 
specific objective is to stimulate improvements in the socio-
economic life and the attitudes and behaviours of the youth of 
three municipalities in Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
The overall objective is to contribute to effective conflict-prevention 
strategies to address inter-community tensions around natural 
resources in East Africa. More specifically, it aims at enhancing 
operational capacities of CSOs in Kenya, Sudan and Uganda to 
effectively prevent/ manage intercommunity tensions and to 
engage with national, regional and international institutions on 
peace-building issues.
The overall objective is to strengthen conflict prevention, crisis 
management and peace building in Sri Lanka. The specific 
objectives are: 1. to improve civil society capacity in conflict 
prevention, crisis management and peace building ("the core 
competencies") in the target districts of Sri Lanka; 2. to promote 
networking between the target districts and representatives of 
national civil society to strengthen those competencies; 3. to codify 
and disseminate best practice learned from the action. 

The overall objective is the empowerment of women activists, NGO 
staff and women’s organisations in Afghanistan, DRC and Liberia 
to participate in peace and security policy planning, making and 
implementation, and more specifically, to empower women to take 
an active role in decision making at civil society and state level 
regarding their access to human security and engagement in 
political processes.
The overall objective is to improve the quality and effectiveness of 
civil society and government peace-building and conflict prevention 
programming. Specific objectives are: 1. to critically evaluate 
assumptions underpinning peace-building programming in Nepal, 
Sudan and Eastern DRC, 2. to pilot means to demonstrate impact, 
and to build local capacity in DM&E of peace-building 
programming.

EN 

143 

EN 

 
  
Title of the action

Organisation

Partner(s)

Contracted in €

Paid in €

Starting date

Description

I. Call for Proposals on Capacity-building (AAP-2008) 

2a

Preventing inter-community conflicts in East 
Africa AAP 2008

Minority Rights 
Group

EWC; OPDP; CECORE; PDA.

                    343,052                       52,561   

6

7

8

9

Development of a Civil Society Network for 
Conflict Transformation in the Archdiocese of 
Bukavu, to prevent re-emergence of conflict in 
South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Catholic Agency 
For Overseas 
Development

Caritas Bukavu, Diocesan Olame Women’s Centre

                    520,926                       91,179   

Early Warning Systems: from analysis to 
action

International Alert Search for Common Ground (Search), Interpeace, NEP/ CES 

                1,500,000                    206,518   

(Peace studies group of the centre for social sciences- 
University of Coimbra). Saferworld (SW), Partners for 
Democratic Change International (PDCI), Netherlands 
Institute for International Affaires (Clingendael), Hellenic 
Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), 
Adelphi Research, Fundación para las Relaciones 
Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE). Associates: 
European Peacebuilding Liaison Office (EPLO), EGMONT and 
Non violent Peace Force.

Institutionalising Capacity of Non-State Actors 
for Track II and III Peace Building and Delivery 
of Conflict Sensitive Humanitarian Assistance 

Concern worldwide Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation 

                    750,000                    142,263   

Human Rights Networks Peace building 
Capacity Project (HRNP CP)

Stichting 
Interkerkelijk voor 
Ontwikkelijkssame
nwerking

National Human Rights Defence Network (RNDDH)

                    598,598                    117,632   

10

Strengthening non-state actors' capacities to 
prevent and resolve conflicts in areas 
affected by post election violence in Kenya

Konrad Adenauer 
Stiftung e.V.

CJPC of the Kenyan Episcopal Conference; Mount Elgon 
Residents’ Association. Associ-ate Community Initiative 
Action Group - Kenya (CIAG-K).

                    750,000                    273,063   

11

Conflict Prevention in Kosovo

Care Deutschland 
– Luxemburg e.V.

                    744,000                    437,310   

01/ 01/ 09
(36 months)

 01/ 08/ 09
(36 months)

The overall objective is to contribute to effective conflict-prevention strategies to address 
inter-community tensions around natural resources in East Africa. More specifically, it aims 
at enhancing operational capacities of CSOs in Kenya, Sudan and Uganda to effectively 
prevent/ manage intercommunity tensions and to engage with national, regional and 
international institutions on peace-building issues.
The overall objective is to enable church-based actors in South Kivu to prevent re-emerging 
conflict through enhanced field-based political analysis and systems for early warning. The 
action more specifically aims at: 1. developing the operational capacity of a network of 
church-based civil society actors to undertake field-based conflict analysis and facilitate 
community mediation/ dialogue; 2. developing a system of indicators for monitoring post-
conflict recovery; and 3. establishing a conflict-knowledge base.

30/ 06/ 2009     
(36months)

Overall objective of the project: To increase understanding of the factors which catalyse 
violence and turn fragility into open, widespread violence, and of the systemic blockages 
and policies which constrain institutions from acting fully and promptly on available 
analyses. Specific objective(s) for this project, as stated in the Decision: - To provide locally-
derived knowledge and expertise on conflict-prone contexts; 
- To assist EU institutions, member states’ ministries and other key organisations to 
overcome systemic constraints to effective and timely response; - To strengthen the 
capacity of local organisations to advise on and influence actions to prevent violent conflict 
prevention.

 01/ 04/ 09
(36 months)

 01/ 04/ 09
(36 months)

 01/ 07/ 09 
(30 months)

31/ 03/ 09 
(30 months)

The overall objective is to contribute to reduced levels of violent conflict in urban areas in 
Haiti through more effective Track II & III peace building, to the development/ codification of 
best practice for transformation of protracted social conflict, and the development of best 
practice for conflict sensitive interventions in fragile states. The action more specifically 
aims at increasing operational capacity of key civil society actors to engage in effective 
preventive and remedial peace-building work in Haiti, and at delivering conflict-sensitive 
development and emergency assistance.

The overall objective is to contribute to the reinforcement of the Haitian civil society sector 
in order to strengthen democracy and provide tools to prevent, manage, and recover from 
crises. The action more specifically aims at fostering cooperation and organization within 
the civil society sector through reinforcement of organizational and technical capacity of 
RNDDH’s departmental networks and broadening the understanding – at the local level – 
of the rights and responsibilities of citizens as well as the role and limits of the state.

The overall objective is to reduce violent community conflicts in Kenya. The action more 
specifically aims at strengthening the capacities of non-state actors in 3 provinces in Kenya 
as means of mitigating com-munity conflicts by improving their knowledge base and know-
how in early warning mechanisms, informal mediation, field-based political analysis, policy 
oriented conflict research and policy dialogue.

The overall objective of the action is to promote sustainable peace by encouraging greater 
civil society leadership and political participation among Kosovo’s youth. More specifically, 
the action aims at fostering the creation of the Kosovo Conflict Prevention Group, a local 
youth leadership body intended to both model and promote action and advocacy by youth 
for civil society networks and conflict prevention mechanisms. 
Overall objective of the project: To contribute to stability and peace in northern Uganda by
strengthening the capacity of civil society so as to become a solid basis for an effective
early warning mechanism for crisis prevention and peaceful conflict resolution, which will
address (re)emerging tensions, long-term confidence building measures and improve the
post-conflict situation in Northern Uganda.

12

Strengthening civil society in northern Uganda 
for conflict early warning and prevention

European Union 
Perspective

Human Rights Network - Uganda (HURINET (U)); Africa 
Centre for Peace & Conflict Studies of the University of 
Bradford.

                    559,391                    131,048   

1/ 07/ 2009      
(30 months)

EN 

Total amount:

     5,765,967       1,451,574   

144 

EN 

 
  
Title of the action

Organisation

Partner(s)

Contracted in €

Paid in €

Starting date

Description

II. Call for Proposals on the organization of round tables (AAP 2007)

13

Gender and Civil Society Oversight of 
Security Sector Reform International 
Security Information Service Europe 

International Security 
Information Service 
Europe (ISIS)

The Geneva Centre for the 
Democratic Control of Armed Forces

                     39,800                         19,900   

 01/ 02/ 09 
(12 months)

14

Natural resources, conflict prevention 
and Peace-building in Africa

Madariaga European 
Foundation – College of 
Europe Foundation 
ACCORD – The African 
Centre of Constructive 
Resolution of Disputes.

                     40,000                         20,000   

 15/ 01/ 09 
(5 months – rider 
signed for a 6-
month extension)

15

Enhancing Civil Society’s Role in 
Conflict Prevention and Peace-Building 
in Cyprus

Cyprus Center for 
European and 
International Affairs

                     40,000                         20,000   

 20/ 12/ 08 
(12 months)

16

P.R.T. – Permanent Round Table on 
Instruments for Stability in East African 
Countries

Istituto per la 
Cooperazione 
Universitaria ONLUS

Strathmore University of Nairobi

                     40,000                         20,000   

 01/ 05/ 09 
(6 months)

17

Roundtables/ conference: Beyond 
Annapolis 

Middle East 
Publications – Palestine-
Israel Journal

                     40,000                         20,000   

01/ 01/ 09 
(12 months)

The overall objective is to create better gender awareness for stakeholders 
involved in SSR and hence efficacy in implementation of SSR planning, 
policy and programmes through including gender perspectives. The specific 
objective is to enable stakeholders to identify gender perspectives in twelve 
SSR thematic areas and in contextual situations.

The overall objective is to develop the understanding – among EU policy 
makers, civil society organisations and African regional and sub-regional 
organisations – of the relation between natural resources and conflict in 
Africa and to enhance the capacity for future cooperation between EU policy 
makers and African civil society organisations in responding to resource-
based conflict in the future. The specific objective aims at: 1. providing EU 
policy-makers with a fresh input of cross-sectoral information on the relation 
between natural resources and conflict in Africa; 2. creating a network of 
experts in the field; 3. strengthening the capacity of African civil society to 
influence EU policy-makers.
The overall objectives are: 1. to contribute (a) towards decreasing the 
possibility of further conflict or crises and (b) towards creating more efficient 
peace-building and reconciliation measures; 2. to increase communication 
and thus understanding of the ‘other’; 3. to create mechanisms for 
pragmatic policy advice to regional and international institutions on crisis 
anticipation/ prevention/ responses/ resolution, peace building, and 
reconciliation; 4. to create a long-term network and early warning system 
through which the involved stakeholders will receive reports on developing 
issues and problems. 
The overall objectives are: 1. to promote the creation of a PRT on 
Instruments for Stability in East Africa Countries between Non State Actors 
in order to collect, analyze, disseminate data and historic memories on the 
recent conflicts, best practices for reconciliation and solutions at a political-
constitutional level; 2. to promote a dialogue of reconciliation through the 
participation of key Non State Actors from East African Countries in the 6th 
edition of the Strathmore International Ethics Conference in Nairobi; and 3. 
to contribute to the strengthening of the capacity of the Non State Actors 
involved in the PRT through training with European experts. 

The overall objective is to contribute to building the capacity, within 
Palestinian and Israeli societies, to transform and overcome the conflict and 
help create conditions favourable to the peace process by: 1. promoting the 
dissemination of new ideas, approaches, scenarios and contingency plans 
for conflict resolution within each society; providing a platform for 
academics, decision-makers, NGOs, journalists and others to voice their 
ideas; 2. informing and clarifying to a wider public the major issues from the 
perspective of each side; 3. strengthening the voices of local civil society 
members and organisations; and 4. fostering, in a climate of constructive 
criticism and mutual respect, direct contacts, active dialogue and 
cooperation between the two societies, to promote rapprochement and 
better understanding. 

Total amount:             199,800                  99,900   

EN 

145 

EN 

 
  
 
No.

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Title of the action

Organisation

II. Call for Proposals on the organization of round tables (AAP-2008)
Partner(s)
Paid in €

Starting date

Contracted 
in €

Description

Towards EU peace building policies 
based on post-war experiences of 
future EU accession states

Empowering the reconciliation 
process in the Western Balkans

Advancing EU’s Human Security 
agenda through civil society 
Partner(s)hip and policy dialogue

Centre for Peace Studies

Heinrich Boll Foundation, Brussels  

         39,350             19,675   

Center for Civic Initiative

Common Values – Skopje

         39,885             30,683   

International Alert

         39,969             19,985   

Strengthening Dialogue through the 
Ohrid Framework Agreement

Association for Democratic 
Initiatives

Macedonian Center for International 
Cooperation (MCIC)

         40,000             20,000   

Strengthening European 
Partnerships for Crisis Prevention 
and Response: Civil Society Peace-
building Round Tables for Georgia

Ludwig Boltzmann 
Gesellschaft Österreichische 
Vereinigung zur Förderung der 
wissenschaftlichen Forschung 

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human 
Rights (BIM, Austria); International Centre 
on Conflict and Negotiations (ICCN)

         40,000             20,000   

20/ 04/ 09 
(12 months)

 16/ 03/ 09 
(10 months)

05/ 01/ 09 
(12 months)

11/ 09/ 09
(12 months)

16/ 10/ 09 
(10 months)

The overall objective is to facilitate relevant civil society organizations' ability to propose the provision 
of policy advice to EU institutions on issues relating to conflict prevention, crisis management and 
peace-building. The specific objective is to build capacities of Balkan civil society actors for 
contribution to EU peace-building and conflict prevention policies. 
The overall objective is reconciliation in Western Balkan countries – targeting fYR Macedonia, Kosovo 
and Bosnia and Herzegovina – through empowering the improvement of interethnic relations as the 
foremost development factor. 
The overall objective is to facilitate a ‘bottom-up’ approach to EU DDR and SSR policy and 
programming in order to enhance human security in post conflict/ settlement contexts. The specific 
objective is to increase information exchange between relevant civil society actors and EU 
representatives on issues central to achieving a ‘bottom-up’ approach to EU DDR and SSR policy and 
programming.
The overall objective is to strengthen the dialogue among all ethnic communities in Macedonia, with 
focus on the issues of non-majority ethnic communities in the context of the process of EU integration, 
through the establishment of links of communication among the non-majority communities, civil 
society, national and local governments and international community. 
The overall objective is to contribute to the EU’s improved ability to anticipate, analyse, prevent and 
respond to crisis situations by facilitating a peace-building partnership between EU institutions and 
Georgian specialised civil society actors. 

Development of Early Warning 
System in Conflict Affected Shida 
Kartli Region of Georgia

Caucasus Institute for Peace, 
Democracy and Development

Pro NGO! e.V.

         39,996             19,998   

01/ 09/ 09 
(12 months)

Palestinian-Israeli Roundtables: 
Israel-Gaza Strip Passages Regime 
– Scenario Analyses and Policy 
Recommendations

The Peres Center for Peace 

         40,000             20,000   

27/ 11/ 09 
(12 months)

25

Reconciling for the Future: 
European Perspective for the 
Western Balkans

Association of Local 
Democracy Agencies

Local Democracy Agencies in Mostar, 
Osijek, Central Serbia; Centre for peace 
and non-violence; Centre for regionalism 
– Associates: City of Mostar, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina; City of Nis, Serbia; City of 
Osijek, Croatia.

         39,770             15,888   

18/ 09/ 09 
(12 months)

Total amount:

    318,970         166,229   

The overall objective is to contribute to peace-building process and stability in Georgia and the region. 
The action more specifically aims at: 1. establishing a mechanism for revealing conflict potential 
developments in the conflict-affected Shida Kartli region – adjacent to South Ossetia – through setting 
up an early warning system; 2. engaging civil society actively in discussions concerning conflict 
prevention, peace building and crisis management; 3. strengthening the EU's relevant institutions 
capacity of conflict prevention and crisis response with regard to Georgia; 4. fostering partnership 
between the EU and local civil sector in the field of crisis management and peace building.

The main objectives of the action are to: 1. bring together Palestinian and Israeli civil society members 
for joint research, thereby laying the foundations for cooperation on issues pertinent to both sides; 2. 
hold roundtables during which the issue of the Gaza Strip-Israel passages is researched and examined 
in light of various potential political scenarios; 3. provide the EU, as well as local governments, with 
valuable research and information focused on economic activity between Israel and the Gaza Strip; 4. 
ensure that local, regional and international decision-makers and EU representatives understand the 
importance of economic issues pertaining to Israel and the Gaza Strip; 5. allow non-state actors to 
provide policy advice, be involved in processes of reconciliation and conflict resolution, and strengthen 
their capacities to provide early warning of potential crisis situations in regard to trade activity between 
Israel and the Gaza Strip.

The overall objectives are:  1. to help improve the dialogue between civil society actors engaged in post-
conflict reconciliation and EU policy-makers; 2. to help consolidate the networking of civil society actors 
for reconciliation and inter-ethnic co-operation; 3. to help improve a shared awareness on causes and 
consequences of the recent conflict; 4. to enhance the co-operation of both state and non-state actors 
for effective reconciliation in the region; 5. to improve research/ analytical ground work to underpin 
future policy and decision making. 

EN 

146 

EN 

 
  
No.
26

27

28

29

28

III. Re-inforcing co-operation and building capacity with international, regional and sub-regional organisations on peace-building issues (AAP 2007) 
Paid in €

Contracted in €

Starting date

Description

Partner(s)

Title of the action
Scientific and Technical Support 
to the African Union’s Continental 
Early Warning System (CEWS)

Organisation
DG Joint Research 
Center 

999,865

699,905

22/ 12/ 08 
(12 months)

EC/ UNDP collaboration to 
advance the post-crisis needs 
assessment and early recovery 
agendas

United Nations 
Development 
Programme

1,249,971

1,187,472

07/ 11/ 2008
(19 months)

Total amount:

2,249,836

1,887,377

III. Re-inforcing co-operation and building capacity with international, regional and sub-regional organisations on peace-building issues (AAP 2008) 
Paid in €

Organisation

Description

Partner(s)

Contracted in €
                 500,000                  400,000   

Starting date
 20/ 12/ 08
(17.5 months)

Title of the action
Strengthening Capacities for the 
Consensual and Sustainable 
Management of Land and Natural 
Resources

United Nations 
Development 
Programme 

The overall objective is to provide training and technical support to 
strengthen the capacity of the CMD to deploy and operate a fully 
functional and sustainable Continental Early Warning System. The 
action more specifically aims at supporting the adaptation and 
extension of early warning systems based on systems used by the 
EU, and at developing customization for the PSD of the 
Commission’s remote sensing and modeling services, including 
those developed by the Joint Research Centre.

The overall objective is to increase the timeliness and resilience of 
post-crisis recovery efforts by the European Commission, the 
United Nations, national governments and other international 
actors through well coordinated assessment of needs and response 
programming. 

The overall objective is to develop systematic tools and frameworks 
through the UN and EU for national stakeholders and international 
counterparts to build their national and local capacities for the 
peaceful and sustainable management of land and natural 
resources, and assist in the prevention, management, and 
resolution of violent conflicts related to land and natural resources 
in pre-, post-, and in-conflict situations. 
The overall objective is to enhance the efficiency of the PCNA 
methodology, the post-conflict response capacity of the UN system 
and international partners – including regional organizations and 
civil society actors – (building on the existing Post-Conflict Needs 
Assessment methodology and lessons learned from its 
implementation to date), and to strengthen the partnership of the 
EC, the UN and the WB. 

Development of Post-crisis Needs 
Assessment (PCNA) and 
Transitional Results Frameworks 

United Nations 
Development 
Programme 

                 709,763                  567,810    20/ 12/ 08 (for 

12 months)

Total amount:

          1,209,763               967,810   

III. Re-inforcing co-operation and building capacity with international, regional and sub-regional organisations on peace-building issues (AAP 2009) 
Paid in €

Organisation

Description

Partner(s)

Title of the action
Standby Team Cluster of Natural 
Resource Mediation Experts 

United Nations 
Department of 
Political Affairs

Contracted in €
                 499,967                  399,967   

Starting date
22/ 09/ 09
(16 months)

The project will enable the Mediation Support Unit (MSU) of the UN
DPA to quickly provide natural
resources expertise to United
Nations mediators as well as to peacemaking efforts led by
Member States,
sub-regional
international,
organisations and other entities involved in peacemaking.

regional

and

Total amount:

              499,967               399,967   

EN 

147 

EN 

 
  
No.
30

31

Title of the action
European Union Police 
Forces Training

Organisation

Gendarmerie 
nationale 

Training for Civilian Crisis 
Management and 
Stabilization Missions

International Alert

32

Title of the action
European Union Police 
Forces Training

Organisation
Arma dei Carabinieri

IV. Training activities for civilian stabilization missions (AAP 2007) 
Contracted in €

Partner(s)

Paid in €

                    635,000                       561,156   

Starting date
29/ 03/ 08
(12 months)

                    803,976                       750,176   

01/ 03/ 08
(18 months)

Zentrum für Internationale Friedenseinsätze; 
Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di 
Perfezionamento Sant'Anna; CMI; French 
MFA; Escuela Diplomática; Folke Bernadotte 
Academy; Austrian Study Center for Peace 
and Conflict Resolution; International Training 
Center (Hungary); Lithuanian MFA; Dutch 
MFA; Egmont Institute; Danish Emergency 
Management Academy; Instituto Nacional de 
Administração INA; Estonian MFA, Polish 
Perm. Rep. to the EU; Romanian MFA; Czech 
MFA; Centre for European Perspective; Irish 
Department of Foreign Affairs; Latvian MFA.

Total amount:

             1,438,976                1,311,332   

IV. Training activities for civilian stabilization missions (AAP 2008)
Contracted in €

Partner(s)

Paid in €

                    678,700                       542,960   

Starting date
01/ 05/ 09
(8 months)

Description

The overall objective is to reinforce knowledge and 
skills of practitioners and to enhance inter-operability 
between police units susceptible to jointly engage in 
EU operations. 
The overall objective is to consolidate and bring to a 
completion the work of the European Group on 
Training (EGT). The action more specifically aims at: 
1. completing the final phase of training for Member 
States’ experts identified for participation in EU 
Civilian Response Teams; 2. building consensus 
around a European training standard for deployment 
in international missions, compatible with UN, World 
Bank and OSCE requirements; 3. establishing a 
system of accreditation for training organisations; 4. 
supporting the transfer of EU training modules to the 
African Union and other intergovernmental bodies 
with similar training needs; 5. strengthening the 
civilian training capacities of the member states.

Description

The overall objective is to enhance mutual 
understanding, inter-operability, sharing of best 
practices, knowledge and skills in the sectors of 
Criminal Investigations, Scientific Investigations, 
Special Weapons And Tactics (SWAT), Close 
Protection, Improved Explosive Ordnance Devices 
(IEOD), Human Rights in policing, Integrated Police 
Unit (IPU) and Formed Police Unit (FPU). 

Total amount:

                 678,700                   542,960   

Grand Total Contracted AAP's 2007-2009
AAP 2007
AAP 2008
AAP 2009

 Paid in € 

 Contracted in € 
   15,361,979        7,437,359   
      6,888,612        3,908,819   
      7,973,400        3,128,573   
         499,967            399,967   

EN 

148 

EN 

 
  
 
OVERALL STATUS OF STABILITY INSTRUMENT COMMITMENTS, CONTRACTS AND PAYMENTS 

EN 

149 

EN 

 
  
Execution of 2009 commitments as of 
31/ 12/ 2009

Commitment 
Appropriations in 
2009*

Committed in 2009

in % of 2009 
budget

of which 
contracted

in % of 2009 
commitments

of which paid in 
2009

in % of 
contracted 
amount

19.060101 - Crisis Response and Preparedness

             135,442,000           135,442,000 

100%

        125,132,363 

92%

            82,403,614 

66%

19.060201 - Actions in the area of risk mitigation and 
preparedness relating to chemical, nuclear and biological 
materials or agents 

19.0603 - Trans-regional actions in the areas of 
organised crime, trafficking, protection of critical 
infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight 
against terrorism and 19.0607 - Pilot project — Support 
for surveillance and protection measures for Union 
vessels sailing through areas where piracy is a threat

                32,000,000             32,000,000 

100%

           15,000,000 

47%

              8,507,508 

57%

                15,000,000             15,000,000 

100%

             4,688,686 

31%

              2,044,946 

44%

Total execution 1906 commitments in 2009: 

         182,442,000       182,442,000 

100%      144,821,049 

79%

        92,956,068 

64%

*  After budgetary transfers, including C4 and C5 credits.

Execution of 2007 and 2008 commitments as of 
31/ 12/ 2009

2007 and 2008 
Commitment 
Appropriations*

Committed

in % of  
budget

of which 
contracted

in % of 
commitments

of which paid

in % of 
contracted 
amount

19.060101 - Crisis Response and Preparedness

           236,087,537           235,014,868   

100%

      216,765,662   

92%

       167,955,238   

77%

19.060201 - Actions in the area of risk mitigation and 
preparedness relating to chemical, nuclear and biological 
materials or agents 

19.0603 - Trans-regional actions in the areas of 
organised crime, trafficking, protection of critical 
infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight 
against terrorism and 19.060203 - Community policy on 
combating the proliferation of light arms

Total consumption 2007/ 2008 commitments on 
1906 as of 31/ 12/ 2009: 

* After budgetary transfers, including C4 and C5 credits.

              51,540,303             51,500,000   

100%

         51,493,496   

100%

          29,064,314   

56%

              23,306,812             23,285,960   

100%

         23,206,405   

100%

          10,215,389   

44%

         310,934,652       309,800,828 

100%      291,465,563 

94%

     207,234,941 

71%

EN 

150 

EN 

 
  
 
IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2009 
DECISIONS AND COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
(BUDGET HEADING 19.06.01, ARTICLE 3 AND 4.3 OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

Region

Country

Action

2009 
decisions in €

Date of 
Decision

Committed

Contracted

Paid

Status

Africa

Africa

Africa-wide

Support to AU election observation missions 

1,000,000

February

AU HQ

EU Planners to the AU SPMU for AMISOM

1,100,000

March

* *

* *

1,000,000 

400,000 

Ongoing

1,088,050 

891,325 

Ongoing

Africa

Burundi

DDR - Demobilisation and Reintegration 

4,000,000

July

4,000,000 

4,000,000 

4,000,000 

Ongoing

Africa

Madagascar

Support to mediation and conflict resolution

60,000

March

* *

59,737 

47,789 

Completed

Support to CTN Sierra Leone (under the IfS 
Transitional Justice Facility)
Support to trials and treatment of piracy 
suspects
Contribution to the EU Short-Term Transition 
Strategy 
Support to trials and treatment of piracy 
suspects

1,150,000

March

* * *

1,149,707 

612,030 

Ongoing

1,750,000

May

1,750,000 

1,750,000 

1,400,000 

Ongoing

10,500,000

December

10,500,000 

1,499,730 

879,558 

Ongoing

Post-Crisis Needs Assessments

136,500

July

Support to December 2009 elections

1,000,000

November

780,000

July

* *

* *

* *

780,000 

467,000 

Ongoing

136,501 

136,501 

Completed

1,000,000 

950,000 

Ongoing

EU Technical expert Mission in support of the 
organisation of the trial of Hissène Habré 

200,000

November

* * *

200,000 

160,000 

Completed

Latin America
Carribbean

Bolivia
Haiti

Support to the preparation of elections
Support to senatorial elections 

4,000,000
3,300,000

October
March

4,000,000 
3,300,000 

3,863,378 
3,300,000 

2,931,050 
2,665,000 

Ongoing
Ongoing

Carribbean

Cuba

Post-hurricanes Recovery Programme

7,500,000

March

7,500,000 

7,500,000 

3,800,000 

Ongoing

Support to Parliamentary and Electoral 
Authorities

2,400,000

August

2,400,000 

2,387,720 

898,463 

Ongoing

Support to law enforcement and de-radicalistion

15,000,000

December

15,000,000 

11,500,000 

3,450,000 

Ongoing

Post-conflict Needs Assessment
EU support mission to address extra-judicial 
killings

300,000

November

* *

300,000 

-

Ongoing

3,900,000

April

3,900,000 

2,200,000 

660,000 

Ongoing

Post-disaster support after Cyclone Nargis I

316,000

January

Post-disaster support after Cyclone Nargis II

380,000

August

356,000

March

Extension of Support to UN Special Envoy 
Ibrahim Gambari
Support to civil society initiatives on democracy 
and media
Support to displaced Hmong
Conflict Resolution in Southern Thailand

* *

* *

* *

315,580 

252,464 

Ongoing

380,100 

304,080 

Ongoing

355,640 

270,964 

Ongoing

2,150,000

June

2,150,000

1,598,228

989,328

Ongoing

156,000
385,000

May
March

558,000

December

* *
* *

* * *

149,331
385,000

120,000

-

Ongoing
Ongoing

552,499

310,800

Ongoing

1,500,000

July

* * *

1,500,000

900,250

Ongoing

568,000

December

* *

568,219

454,575

Ongoing

Asia/ Pacific

Timor Leste

Promoting Accountability to Strengthen Peace 
(under the IfS Transitional Justice Facility)

Pacific

Solomon Islands

Support to the Truth and Reconciliation 
Commission (IfS Transitional Justice Facility)

Central Asia

Regional

Support to UNRCCA in Ashgabat, Counter-
Terrorism seminars

Georgia

Second Post-conflict support package

14,000,000

July

14,000,000

13,999,443

7,869,711

Ongoing

Extension of Reform advisory team until May 
2010
Support for post-conflict early recovery
Extension of support for the Quartet 
Representative
Reinvigorating final status talks
Preventing radicalisation among Palestinian 
refugee youth
Responding to illegal migration and trafficking 
in human beings
Support to displaced Palestinian refugees
Support to Hariri tribunal (under the IfS 
Transitional Justice Facility)

2,000,000 September

* *

2,000,000

1,800,000

Ongoing

20,000,000

June

20,000,000

18,946,569

17,624,580

Ongoing

832,500

March

1,000,000

November

* *

* *

832,500

790,875

Completed

798,060

169,000

Ongoing

4,730,000

December

4,730,000

4,726,577

3,127,968

Ongoing

2,000,000

5,126,000

July

May

1,500,000

June

2,000,000

2,000,000

-

Ongoing

5,126,000

5,126,000

4,100,800

Ongoing

* * *

* *

1,500,000

1,300,000

Ongoing

2,000,000

1,800,000

Completed

Support to the preparation of elections

2,000,000

January

Support to conflict resolution

6,000,000 September

6,000,000

6,000,000

2,802,900

Ongoing

2nd contribution to the ICO - Interim Response 
Programme
Explosive Remnants of War Phase II - Interim 
Response Programme

10,000,000

February

10,000,000

10,000,000

9,500,000

Ongoing

2,086,000

November

2,086,000

2,086,000

-

Ongoing

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Sierra Leone

Kenya

Zimbabwe

Seychelles

Zimbabwe /  
Namibia
Comoros

Senegal

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia
Asia

Pakistan

Pakistan

Pakistan

Philippines

Burma

Burma

Burma

Burma

Laos
Thailand

Southern 
Caucasus
Southern 
Caucasus
Middle East

Armenia

Gaza

Middle East

Peace Process

Middle East

Peace Process

Middle East

Syria

Middle East

Yemen

Middle East

Lebanon

Middle East

Lebanon

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe

Republic of 
Moldova
Republic of 
Moldova

W Balkans

Kosovo*

W Balkans

Bosnia

W Balkans

Regional

ICTY (under the IfS Transitional Justice Facility)

598,000

February

W Balkans

Regional

Law enforcement support with ODIHR/ ICTY 
(under the IfS Transitional Justice Facility)

3,994,000

November

* * *

* * *

597,928

478,342

Ongoing

3,999,866

2,588,261

Ongoing

Asia & Africa

Regional

Post-Disaster Needs Assessments World Bank

1,000,000

October

* *

1,000,000

500,000

Ongoing

Global

Global

Global

Global

Remainder 3rd Facility for urgent Policy Advice, 
Technical Assistance, Mediation 
Peace-Building Partnership AAP 2009

Total 2009 Crisis Response and preparedness decisions and commitments
in %

* under UNSCR 1244 (1999)
** These actions were contracted under the Facility for urgent Policy Advice, Technical Assistance, Mediation
*** These actions were contracted under the 2008 commitment for the IfS Transitional Justice Facility

3,366,082

August

12,000,000

5,000,000

June

5,000,000
135,442,000
100%

* *

-

* *

Ongoing

-

Ongoing

125,132,363
92%

82,403,614
66%

EN 

151 

   EN 

 
         
        
         
        
         
         
    
               
          
         
        
         
         
    
      
         
        
             
        
             
        
         
        
             
        
         
         
    
         
         
    
         
         
    
         
         
        
      
       
    
             
 
                 
         
         
        
             
        
             
        
             
        
            
            
           
                
           
                
                    
                
           
            
           
                
           
         
          
       
            
       
         
          
     
                
           
                
           
            
            
       
            
            
                    
            
            
       
            
       
            
       
            
            
       
         
          
       
            
            
                    
                
           
            
       
            
           
         
            
                         
                    
 
 
 
IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2008 
DECISIONS AND COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
(BUDGET HEADING 19.06.01, ARTICLE 3 AND 4.3 OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

EN 

152 

   EN 

 
Region

Country

Action

2008 Financing 
decisions in €

Decision Date

Committed

Contracted

Paid

Status

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa
Africa
Africa

Sierra Leone

Central African 
Republic
Central African 
Republic
Central African 
Republic
DRC
Somalia
Zambia

Transitional Justice: Support to Special Court 
Charles Taylor

2,500,000

November

2,500,000 

2,500,000 

2,500,000 

Completed

Support to National Mediation Process

1,100,000

July

1,100,000 

1,100,000 

731,062 

Ongoing

Security Sector Reform - Expert Team 

1,500,000

October

* *

1,429,745 

1,190,774 

Ongoing

Security Sector Reform -  Financial support 
package
Support to Stabilisation in Eastern DRC
Support package for TFI
Urgent support to early elections

5,150,000

December

5,150,000 

5,059,850 

3,178,673 

Ongoing

10,000,000
4,000,000
1,000,000

June
May
October

10,000,000 
4,000,000 
* *

9,999,095 
4,000,000 
990,987 

5,088,391 
3,200,000 
990,987 

Ongoing
Completed
Completed

Asia/ Pacific

Fiji

Election expert based on commitments agreed 
in Art 96 negotiations

Asia/ Pacific

Solomon Islands

Asia/ Pacific

Timor Leste

Truth and Reconciliation Commission - 
preparatory work
Further stabilisation support including SSR

730,000

July

300,000

July

* *

* *

276,552 

255,098 

Completed

299,202 

239,362 

Completed

4,700,000

November

4,700,000 

4,700,000 

2,774,016 

Ongoing

Asia

Asia
Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Philippines

Support to Mindanao peace process

1,000,000

December

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

792,881 

Ongoing

Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka

Nepal

Mediation
Conflict mitigation 

Peace Trust Fund

221,557
6,500,000

October
July

* *
6,500,000 

271,557 
6,499,553 

149,000 
5,931,198 

Completed
Completed

5,950,000

December

5,950,000 

5,500,000 

-

Ongoing

Indonesia

Capacity-building of local authorities in Aceh 

3,000,000

August

3,000,000 

2,997,688 

1,559,714 

Ongoing

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Burma

Disaster response - Post-Disaster Needs 
Assessment
Recovery and rehabilitation of cyclone SIDR 
affected livelihoods 

Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar - Support to PDNA

255,271

February

* *

255,271 

255,271 

Completed

13,000,000

July

13,000,000 

13,000,000 

11,700,000 

Completed

291,474

August

* *

291,474 

232,695 

Completed

Central Asia

Kyrgyzstan

Rule of Law - judicial reform

2,500,000

July

2,500,000 

2,369,447 

1,196,290 

Ongoing

Central Asia

Kyrgyzstan

Constitutional reform

1,500,000

February

1,500,000 

1,500,000 

1,425,000 

Ongoing

Eastern Europe Ukraine

Oil spill in Ukraine Black Sea - Support to PDNA - 
UNEP

136,500

July

* *

136,500 

136,500 

Completed

Southern 
Caucasus
Southern 
Caucasus
Southern 
Caucasus
Southern 
Caucasus

Georgia

Post-conflict support package for IDPs

15,000,000

December

15,000,000 

14,999,172 

13,280,962 

Ongoing

Georgia

CBM package: multi-track dialogue on Abkhazia

414,585

March

* *

414,585 

381,743 

Completed

Georgia

Support in relation to elections

2,000,000

April

1,762,100 

1,762,100 

1,757,100 

Ongoing

Armenia

Advisors on key reform areas, Phase I

810,000

November

* *

810,000 

729,000 

Completed

Latin America

Peru

Support to mitigation of conflict root causes

Latin America
Latin America

Peru
Nicaragua

Latin America

Haiti

Disaster response - earthquake
Disaster response - hurricane
Disaster response - Post-Disaster Needs 
Assessment

2,533,000

3,000,000
7,500,000

April

May
May

2,533,000 

2,533,000 

1,273,848 

Ongoing

3,000,000 
7,490,000 

3,000,000 
7,450,000 

2,000,000 
4,859,909 

Ongoing
Ongoing

152,000

December

* *

152,000 

151,812 

Completed

Middle East

Syria

Support to vulnerable Iraqi refugees in Syria 

1,481,500

August

1,481,500 

1,481,500 

814,053 

Ongoing

Middle East

Lebanon

Middle East

Libya

W Balkans

Kosovo*

W Balkans

W Balkans

Kosovo*
Bosnia and 
Herzegovina

Global

Global

Support to electoral reform
Support to national strategy on HIV/ AIDS
Support to reappointment of judges and 
prosecutors
UNMIK Pillar IV running costs

4,000,000

December

4,000,000 

3,504,738 

3,448,027 

Ongoing

1,000,000

November

1,000,000 

934,400 

395,720 

Ongoing

5,000,000

February

5,000,000 

5,000,000 

3,455,954 

Ongoing

9,200,000

March

9,200,000 

9,200,000 

8,757,215 

Completed

Destruction of ammunition

2,720,000

June

2,720,000 

2,720,000 

2,448,000 

Completed

Second Facility for urgent Policy Advice, 
Technical Assistance, Mediation 

5,521,268

December

5,521,268 

Global

Global

 Transitional Justice Facility* * * *

12,000,000

June

9,500,000 

-

-

 Fully contracted 

 Fully contracted 

-

-

Global

Global

Actions under the 2007 Conflict Resources 
Facility

1,430,644

* * *

1,430,644 

991,266 

Completed

Global

Global

Peace-Building Partnership AAP 2008

8,000,000

March

8,000,000

7,973,400

3,128,573

Ongoing

Overall status of 2008 Crisis Response and preparedness decisions and commitments

137,107,868

127,542,460

91,400,094

Payments on 2008 budget for ongoing projects
Total consumption 2008
in %

- 

137,107,868
100%

127,542,460
93%

41,070,957
132,471,051
72%

*  under UNSCR 1244 (1999)

* *  These actions were contracted under the 2007 L1 commitment for the 2007 decision adopting the first Facility for urgent Policy Advice, Technical Assistance, Mediation

* * *  These actions were contracted under the 2007 L1 commitment for the 2007 decision adopting the Conflict Resources Facility

* * * *  This commitment represents the remainder under the financing decision for the Transitional Justice Facility as €2.5 millio n had already been committed for the support to the Sierra Leone Special Court.

EN 

153 

   EN 

 
             
            
          
             
            
             
            
          
             
            
          
           
            
          
             
            
          
               
             
               
             
               
             
             
            
          
             
            
             
               
             
             
            
          
             
            
 
                       
             
            
          
               
             
           
          
       
               
             
             
            
          
             
            
          
               
             
           
          
       
               
             
             
            
          
               
             
             
            
          
             
            
          
             
            
          
               
             
             
            
             
             
            
          
             
               
             
             
            
          
             
            
          
             
            
          
             
 
                            
 
                         
             
 
                            
 
                         
            
             
                
               
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IFS CRISIS RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS 2007 
DECISIONS AND COMMITMENTS, STATUS OF CONTRACTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
 (BUDGET HEADING 19.06.01, ARTICLE 3 AND 4.3 OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

Region

Country

Action

2007 
decisions in 

Decision 
Date

Committed

Contracted

Paid

Status

Global

Global

Peace-Building Partnership

7,000,000 December

            7,000,000               6,888,812               3,908,819 

 Ongoing 

Africa

Congo DRC

Flanking measures to 
mobilisation of DRC mixed 
Brigades

3,200,000

May

            3,200,000               3,200,000               3,040,000 

 Completed 

Africa

Congo DRC

Census Police Forces in RDC

5,000,000

August

            5,000,000               4,979,663               4,566,148 

 Mostly 
Completed 

Africa

Guinea-
Bissau*

Africa

Haiti

Africa

Somalia

Africa

Uganda

SSR experts*

700,000 September

 *                   709,263                  608,435 

 Completed 

Re-establishment of civilian 
administration
Support to African PK 
deployment (AMISOM)

Mediation support group & 
Contribution to Juba Initiative 
Fund, Karamoja conflict

3,000,000 November

            3,000,000               2,950,000               1,953,777 

 Completed 

5,000,000

October

            4,907,000               4,907,000               2,631,966 

 Completed 

4,200,000 December

            4,200,000               2,468,508               2,016,828 

 Completed 

Africa

Africa

Africa

Africa

Asia

Asia

Asia

Zimbabwe

Dialogue, elections

3,000,000 December

            3,000,000               2,999,966               2,348,137 

 Completed 

Chad

Chad

Sudan/ Darfur

Support to UN police programme

10,000,000 December

          10,000,000            10,000,000               9,500,000 

 Completed 

Electoral census
Trust Fund for AU/ UN Joint 
Mediation

5,000,000 December

            5,000,000               5,000,000               4,500,000 

 Completed 

3,000,000 December

            3,000,000               3,000,000               2,400,000 

 Completed 

Afghanistan

Justice Programme

2,500,000

April

            2,300,000               2,300,000               2,200,000 

 Completed 

Thailand

Burma/ Myanm
ar*

Support to justice and informed 
public debate
Support to UN and civil society 
initiatives*

3,000,000 December

            3,000,000               2,999,014               2,686,000 

695,000 December

 *                   692,262                  529,361 

 Mostly 
Completed 
 Mostly 
Completed 

Latin America Bolivia*

Coca Leaf Study*

1,000,000 November

 *                   999,953                  905,000 

 Completed 

Latin America Colombia

W Balkans

Kosovo* *

Middle East

Lebanon*

Middle East

Lebanon*

Middle East

Lebanon

Middle East

Israel/ Palestin
e

Middle East Syria

Global

Global

Conflict 
Resources

Conflict 
Resources

Support to reconciliation in the 
context Justice and Peace law 

Contribution to the initial running 
costs of the International Civilian 
Office
Police reform*
Support to Border Security Pilot 
Project*
Nahr El Bared Camp
Support to the Peace Process: 
Quartet Envoy Team, Dialogue, 
Civil Police
Support to UNICEF enabling the 
Syrian education system to cope 
with Iraqi refugees
Support to the Kimberley 
Process (JRC)

5,000,000

August

            5,000,000               5,000,000               4,644,203 

 Completed 

10,000,000 December

          10,000,000               9,930,205               9,930,205 

 Completed 

400,000

2,000,000

July

July

 *                   399,640                  335,370 

 Completed 

 *                2,000,000               1,792,873 

 Completed 

6,800,000 December

            6,800,000               6,729,560               6,471,329 

 Ongoing 

7,500,000 December

            7,500,000               7,500,000               6,875,000 

 Completed 

3,000,000 November

            3,000,000               3,000,000               2,313,144 

 Completed 

569,356

August

               569,356                  569,356                  398,549 

 Completed 

Conflict Resources Facility

2,000,000

July

           1,430,644 

                           -                                -   

Global

Global

Policy Advice and Mediation 
Facility*

10,000,000

April

         10,000,000 

                           -                                -   

Overall status of 2007 Crisis Response and Preparedness commitments

 97,907,000 

89,223,202

76,555,144

*  These actions were committed under the Facility for urgent actions involving Policy Advice, Technical Assistance, Mediation and Reconciliation for the 
benefit of third countries in crisis situations  established by Financing decision C(2007)1705 on 17 April 2007 for a maximum amount of € 10 m illion

in % 

99%

91%

86%

* *  under UNSCR 1244 (1999)

 Fully 
contracted 

 Fully 
contracted 

EN 

154 

   EN 

 
€
      
       
 
IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2009 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS 
BY COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS 
(BUDGET HEADINGS 19.06.02 AND 19.06.03, ART. 4 (1) AND (2) OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

EN 

155 

EN 

 
  
Region

Decision

Action

Appropriations

Committed

Contracted

Paid

19.06.02.01 - Actions in the area of risk mitigation and preparedness relating to chemical, nuclear and biological materials or agents 

Global

Annual Action Programme covered by the 
programming documents 'Strategy Paper 2007-
2011' and by the 'Indicative Programme 2009-
2011' for the Instrument for Stability for 2009 
(Priority 1, Article 4(2))

Initial appropriations
Transfer to 19.060301
Total available appropriations

 33,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 32,000,000 

 18,000,000 

IfS - AAP 2009 - Priority 1 ''Non-proliferation 
of WMD'' 

 24,500,000            7,500,000 

1,007,508 

IfS - AAP 2009 - Priority 1 ISTC/ STCU

 7,500,000             7,500,000 

7,500,000 

Total execution

                              -   

           32,000,000           15,000,000 

           8,507,508 

19.060301 - Trans-regional actions in the areas of organised crime, trafficking, protection of critical infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight against terrorism

Initial appropriations
Transfers
Total available appropriations

 13,000,000 
 1,000,000 
 14,000,000 

 8,922,000 

Expert Support Facility, ESF III 

 2,500,000                 341,186 

Global

Annual Action Programme covered by the 
programming documents 'Strategy Paper 2007-
2011' and by the 'Indicative Programme 2009-
2011' for the Instrument for Stability for 2009 
(Priority 2, Article 4(1))

Supporting the fight against organised crime 
on the cocaine route – Phase I

Critical Maritime Routes from the Malacca 
Straits to the Horn of Africa and Gulf of Aden 
– Phase I CMR I 

 6,500,000             2,997,500 

1,604,946 

 5,000,000                 350,000 

Total execution

                              -   

           14,000,000             3,688,686             1,604,946 

19.0607 - Pilot Project on Piracy Maritime Awareness and Risks

Total available appropriations

 1,000,000 

           1,000,000 

Global

Pilot project — Support for surveillance and 
protection measures for Community vessels 
sailing through areas where piracy is a threat

Pilot Project on Piracy Maritime Awareness 
and Risks

 1,000,000             1,000,000 

440,000 

Total execution

                              -   

             1,000,000             1,000,000                440,000 

EN 

156 

EN 

 
  
IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2008 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS 
BY COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS 

(BUDGET HEADINGS 19.06.02 AND 19.06.03, ART. 4 (1) AND (2) OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

Region

Country

Action

Appropriations

Committed

Contracted

Paid

19.06.02.01 - Actions in the area of risk mitigation and preparedness relating to chemical, nuclear and biological materials or agents 

Former CIS

Global

Global

ISTC: Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyz Republic, Russia,Tajikistan; STCU: 
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, 
Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Global
2008 Annual Action Programme for the 
Instrument for Stability Priority 1 – Non-
Proliferation of Weapons of mass destruction 
(WMD)

Initial appropriations
Transfer to 19.080103
Total available appropriations

 27,000,000 
 1,500,000 
 25,500,000 

Support to the International Science and Technology Centre 
(ISTC) in Moscow and the Science and Technology Centre in 
Ukraine (STCU), Kiev.

Expert Support Facility II 
- Knowledge management system on CBRN trafficking in North 
Africa and selected countries in the Middle East
- Combating illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials 
in selected FSU and Mediterranean Basin countries and 
preparation of border management activities in the ASEAN

 8,000,000             8,000,000 

 8,000,000 

 2,000,000              1,998,029 

 995,993 

 15,500,000           15,499,967 

 2,869,221 

       11,865,214 
19.060301 - Trans-regional actions in the areas of organised crime, trafficking, protection of critical infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight against terrorism and 19.060203 - Community policy 

        25,500,000            25,497,996 

Total execution

                               -   

Initial appropriations
Transfers and C5 credits
Total available appropriations

 12,000,000 
 293,377 
 12,293,377 

Asia

Afghanistan and ECO countries (Iran, Pakistan, 
Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, 
Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey)

Fight against trafficking from/ to Afghanistan - Phase II

 4,300,000              4,300,000 

 908,653 

Latin America 
/  Carribbean

Latin America/ Carribbean

Prevention of the diversion of drugs precursors in the Latin 
American and Caribbean region (PRELAC)   

Central 
America
Africa
Africa

Central America and neighbouring countries 

Africa
Africa

Pilot Project - Supporting the fight against the illicit accumulation 
and trafficking in firearms in Central America and neighbouring 
Support to Counter-Terrorism (CT) and Counter Organised Crime 
Supporting the fight against the illicit accumulation and 

EN 

Total execution

                               -   

157 

 2,243,377              2,243,377 

 824,505 

 1,000,000              1,000,000 

 940,000 

 1,500,000              1,420,445 
 3,300,000 
 3,300,000 

 637,225 
 1,000,000 
        12,343,377            12,263,822           4,310,383 

EN 

 
  
 
EN 

158 

EN 

 
  
IFS LONG-TERM COMPONENT: AAP 2007 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS 
BY COUNTRY, REGION AND PROJECTS 
(BUDGET HEADINGS 19.06.02 AND 19.06.03, ART. 4 (1) AND (2) OF THE IFS REGULATION) 

Region

Country

Action

Appropriations

Committed

Contracted

Paid

19.06.02.01 - Actions in the area of risk mitigation and preparedness relating to chemical, nuclear and biological materials or agents 

Total available appropriations

        26,040,303 

 26,000,000 

 25,995,500 

17,199,100 

Former 
CIS

South-
Eastern 
Europe & 
Caucasus

ISTC: Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyz Republic, Russia,Tajikistan; STCU: 
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, 
Uzbekistan
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the 
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Republic of 
Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey; Armenia, 
Azerbaijan and Georgia

Support to the International Science and 
Technology Centre (ISTC) in Moscow and the 
Science and Technology Centre in Ukraine 
(STCU), Kiev.

Knowledge Management System on CBRN 
Trafficking

Former 
CIS

Russian Federation, Ukraine, Armenia, Republic of 
Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Belarus

Combating illicit trafficking of nuclear and 
radioactive materials in FSU countries

 15,000,000 

        15,000,000         15,000,000 

 1,000,000 

          1,000,000 

 950,000 

 5,000,000 

          5,000,000 

 250,000 

Global

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Croatia, 
the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 
Montenegro, Morocco, Serbia, Ukraine, United Arab 
Emirates; Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Tunisia, 
Turkey, Pakistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan;

Assistance in export control of dual-use goods

 5,000,000 

          4,995,500 

 999,100 

19.06.03.01 - Trans-regional actions in the areas of organised crime, trafficking, protection of critical infrastructure, threats to public health and the fight against terrorism

Global

Asia

Global
Afghanistan and ECO countries (Iran, Pakistan, 
Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, 
Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey)

Asia

Philippines

Initial appropriations
Transfer from 190601 (for project No. 3)
Total available appropriations

Expert Support facility for the fight against 

 9,013,435 
 2,000,000 

 11,013,435        10,942,583 

        10,942,583 
 3,800,000            3,800,000 

5,905,006 
3,263,587 

Fight against trafficking from/ to Afghanistan

 5,200,000            5,200,000 

1,098,836 

Regularisation and Continuation of a project in 
favour of the Republic of the Philippines to be 
financed under Article 19 06 03 of the general 
budget of the European Communities

 1,942,583 

 1,942,583 

1,542,583 

EN 

159 

EN