Special Report No 2/2010 ‘The effectiveness of the Design Studies and Construction of New Infrastructures support schemes under the Sixth Framework Programme for Research’
Date: 2010-07-13
Institutions: European Court of Auditors
Subjects: Structural Funds, research budget, research policy

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The effecTiveness of The Design sTuDies 
anD consTrucTion of new infrasTruc Tures 
supporT schemes unDer The sixTh 
framework programme for research

en

 
 
 
 
special r eport no  2 

 2010

The effecTiveness of 
The Design  sTuDies 
anD  consTruc Tion of 
new  infrasTruc Tures 
supporT schemes unDer 
The  six Th  framework 
programme for 
research

(pursuant to article 287(4), second subparagraph, Tfeu)

european courT of auDiT ors

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special r eport no 2 

 2010

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Luxembourg: publications office of the european union, 2010

isBn 978-92-9207-705-1

doi:10.2865/88479

© european union, 2010

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Printed in Luxembourg

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

conTenT s

3

Paragraph

I–IV 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1–17 

INTRODUCTION

3–13 
8–9 
10 
11–13 

EU RESEARCh bUDgET CO-fINANCES RESEARCh INfRASTRUCTURES
Design sTuDies
consTruc Tion of  new  infrasTruc Tures
seLec Tion of projec Ts

14 

RESEARCh fACIlITIES CAN AlSO bE CO-fINANCED bY ThE STRUCTURAl fUNDS

15–17 

SOME ChANgES IN ThE COMMISSION’S APPROACh fOR fP7

18–20 

AUDIT SCOPE AND APPROACh

21–43 

ObSERVATIONS

21–24 
21–24 

25–36 
25–28 
29–35 
36 

37–43 
37–43 

ThE DESIgN STUDIES SChEME
oBjec Tives mainL y achieveD

ThE CONSTRUCTION Of NEw INfRASTRUCTURES (CNI) SChEME
The caTaLysing effecT anD  european aDDeD  vaL ue
LiT TLe ‘ca TaLysing effecT’…
…BuT  cni supporT resuLTeD  in The purchase of aDDiTionaL  or Be T Ter equipmenT

COMPlEMENTARITY Of fUNDINg
The commission aDvoca TeD  compLemenT ary funDing  BuT  Took onLy LimiTeD  acTion

44–47 

CONCl USIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

45 

46 

47 

wAS ThE DS SChEME A USEfUl TOOl fOR DECISION-MAkERS?

DID ThE CNI SChEME CATAlYSE ThE CONSTRUCTION Of NEw INfRASTRUCTURES?

DID ThE COMMISSION TAkE ACTION ON COMPlEMENTARY fUNDINg?

ANNEX I  –  AChIEVEMENTS Of ‘ DESIgN STUDIES’  PROjECTS
ANNEX II  –  EU CONTRIbUTION fOR CNI PROjECTS

REPlY Of  ThE COMMISSION

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
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execuTive  
summary

I.
T h e   D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   ( Ds)   a n d   c o n s t r u c -
tion   of  n ew  i n fra str uc tures  (cn i)   s uppor t 
s c h e m e s   f o r m   p a r t   o f   t h e   e u  p o l i c y   o n 
t h e   d e v e l o p m e n t   o f   h i g h - l e v e l   r e s e a r c h 
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   o f   a   e u r o p e a n   d i m e n -
s i o n .  Th e   c o n t r i b u t i o n   t o   p ro j e c t s   u n d e r  
t h e   si x t h   f r a m e w o r k   p r o g r a m m e   (f p6 )  
f o r   r e s e a r c h   ( 2 0 0 2 – 0 6 )   a m o u n t e d   t o 
1 4 0 m i l l i o n   e u r o.

II.
T h e   a u d i t   e x a m i n e d   w h e t h e r   t h e   t w o 
s c h e m e s   h a d   p ro m o te d   t h e   d e ve l o p m e nt 
o f   a   f a b r i c   o f   re s e a rc h   i n f r a s t r u c t u re s   o f 
t h e   h i g h e s t   q u a l i t y   a n d   p e r f o r m a n c e   i n 
europe, and their optimum use on a euro -
pean scale based on the needs expressed 
b y   t h e   r e s e a r c h   c o m m u n i t y.   T h e   a u d i t 
a n a l y s e d   i n   p a r t i c u l a r,   i f   t h e   Ds  s c h e m e 
h a d   b e e n   u s e f u l   t o   d e c i s i o n - m a k e r s   a n d 
i f   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e   h a d   r e s u l t e d   i n   t h e 
c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s . 
attention was also given to ac tions taken 
t o   e n c o u r a g e   t h e   u s e   o f   c o m p l e m e n t a r y 
fun ding  for  re searc h  fac ilities.

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

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execuTive  
summary

IV.
T h e   c o u r t   r e c o m m e n d s   t h a t   t h e   c o m-
m i s s i o n   s h o u l d   r e c o n s i d e r   w h e t h e r   c n i 
p r o j e c t s   s h o u l d   b e   f u n d e d   f r o m   t h e 
re s e a rc h   b u d g e t   g i ve n   t h e   f i n d i n g s   c o n-
c e r n i n g   e u r o p e a n   a d d e d   v a l u e.   fu r t h e r -
m o re,   s c h e m e   o b j e c t i ve s   s h o u l d   b e   c l e a r 
and realistic. The commission should con-
s i d e r   w h at   i s   to   b e   a c h i e ve d   t h ro u g h   t h e 
u s e   o f   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g   s o u r c e s 
a n d   i f   i t   b e l i e v e s   t h a t   s y n e r g i e s   c a n   b e 
obtain ed  to  make   better  use  of   e u  f un ds, 
it s hould take th e n ecess ar y ac t ion s. 

III.
The c o ur t  con clu ded  that: 

—  t h e   Ds  s c h e m e   w a s   p o s i t i ve l y   v i e we d 
by the representatives of the research 
co m m u n i t y   i n te r v i e we d,   p rov i d i n g   i n 
their view, critical early-stage funding 
f o r   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e   d e v e l o p m e n t   a n d 
e n c o u r a g i n g   c o l l a b o r a t i o n   a m o n g s t 
would-be competitors in the european 
res earc h field ; 

—  un i o n   s u p p o r t   f o r   t h e   c o n s t r u c t i o n 
o f   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   h a d   a   l i m i t e d 
 i m p a c t   o n   t h e   e m e r g e n c e   o f   a   f a b r i c 
of research facilities in europe. The cni 
scheme had little catalysing effect and, 
a l t h o u g h   t h e   p ay m e nt   o f   c n i    s u p p o r t 
led to some technical upgrading of the 
i nve s t m e n t   p ro j e c t s   c o n c e r n e d,   m o s t 
p r o j e c t s   s u p p o r t e d   w o u l d   h a v e   g o n e 
ahead  with  or  without  union   suppor t; 
and

—  the   co mmis sio n’s  se r vices  did  n ot   ac -
t i v e l y   p r o m o t e   t h e   u s e   o f   d i f f e r e n t 
funding sources available for research 
i n f r a s t r u c t u re s   i n   e u ro p e   d e s p i t e   a d-
v o c a t i n g   s u c h   u s e   i n   v a r i o u s   o f f i c i a l 
pro nou ncem ent s.

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

inTroDuc Tion

6

1 

‘support for research 

infrastructures in the fp6 specific 

programme on “structuring the 

european research area”  work 

programme 2002–03’, p. 1.

2  council Decision 1999/173/ec  
of 25 january 1999 adopting a 

specific programme for research, 

technological development and 

demonstration on improving the 

human research potential and the 

socioeconomic knowledge base 

(1998–2002) (oj L 64, 12.3.1999,  

p. 105).

1. 

2. 

3. 

 This rep or t cover s eu expe nditure on D esign   studies  ( Ds) and 
construc tion of new  infrastruc tures (cni) suppor t schemes un-
der   t he  r es earch   i nf rast ru c tu res  (ri)   ac tivit y  area  of   th e  six th  
fram ewor k  p ro gramme (f p6)  for r esearch  (2 00 2–0 6 ). 

 T h e   t e r m  ‘re s e a rc h   i n f r a s t r u c t u re s’  re fe r s   t o   f a c i l i t i e s   a n d   re -
s o u rc e s   p ro v i d i n g   e s s e n t i a l   s e r v i c e s   t o   t h e   re s e a rc h   c o m m u-
n i t y   i n   a c a d e m i c   a n d / o r   i n d u s t r i a l   a r e a s .   T h e   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e 
m ay   t a k e   t h e   fo r m   o f   a   s i n g l e   re s o u rce   a t   a   s i n g l e   l o c at i o n ,   a 
net wo r k   of  distr ib u ted  reso urces   o r   eve n   be  ‘ v ir tual ’,   wi th   th e 
ser v ice b eing  p rovid ed ele c tron i c ally 1.

E U   R E S E A R Ch   bU DgE T   CO -fI N A N C E S   R E S E A R Ch  
I NfR A S T R U C T U R E S

 c o m m u n i t y   r e s e a r c h   a n d   Te c h n o l o g i c a l   D e v e l o p m e n t   ( r T D ) 
ac t ivit ies have  b een  financed  sin ce 19 8 4  t hroug h m ul ti an nual 
framewor k programmes, which set out the scientific and tech-
nological objec tives to be followed for a programming per iod. 
specific suppor t for research facilities star ted with the  s econd 
fra mewo r k pro gramme (fp2) ( 19 87 –9 1) . The in iti al aim  was to 
i m p r o v e   a c c e s s   f o r   t h e   s c i e n t i f i c   c o m m u n i t y   t o   n a t i o n a l   r e -
search infrastruc tures but this was subsequently broadened to 
also include suppor t for cooperation networks and for research 
ac t ivit ies to  imp rove th e q ual it y and  qu ant it y of  se r v i ces  pro -
vide d by the in frastruc t ures  as we ll a s  for  t he  de ve lo pm ent of 
n e w   s c i e n t i f i c   e q u i p m e n t 2.   s i n c e   f p 2 ,   f i n a n c i a l   s u p p o r t   h a s 
incre ase d considerab l y (s ee Figu re   1) .

fIgU R E   1 

SP E N D I Ng   O N  ThE   RE S E A R Ch   INfR A S T R U C T U R E S   P R OgR A M M E S

o
r
u
e
n
o

i
l
l
i

M

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

28

FP2

62

FP3

118

FP4

171

FP5

1 715

715

FP6

FP7

Other schemes

Support for new infrastructures

S o urce: european commission.

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

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4.  

5. 

 The overal l o b je c t ive of  the r i ac tivit y  area of   fp6  was to pro -
mote  th e deve lo p ment in eu rope of a ‘ fabr ic  of research in fra-
struc tures of the highest qualit y and per formance’. This was to 
b e   b a s e d   u p o n   t h e   n e e d s   e x p re s s e d   by   t h e   re s e a rc h   c o m m u-
n i t y   a n d   w i t h  ‘e u ro p e a n   ad d e d  va l u e’  b e i n g   c re a t e d   t h ro u g h 
th e  ex te n s i o n   o f   t h e   u s e   o f   s u c h   i n f ra s t r u c t u re s   t h ro u g h o u t  
eu ro p e.

3  see working document of the 
commission services ‘a european 

research area for infrastructures’, 

sec(2001) 356 of 27.2.2001.

 a c c o r d i n g   t o   a   c o m m i s s i o n   a n a l y s i s   c a r r i e d   o u t   i n   2 0 0 0   t h e 
d e ve l o p m e n t   o f   s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t   re s e a rc h   f a c i l i t i e s   i n   e u ro p e 
wa s  hamp ere d by :

—  a   l a c k   o f   c o o r d i n a t e d   m e c h a n i s m s   fo r   n e e d s   a s s e s s m e n t 
and  set t ing  of  p r ior ities  ac ros s co untr i es  an d  di sc ipl in e s; 

—  a   l a c k   o f   a   co h e re nt ,   eu ro p e a n   p o s i t i o n   o n   t h e   p a r t i c i p a-

t ion  in wo r l d-s cal e u nder tak ing s;

— 

t h e   d i f f i c u l t y   t o   e s t a b l i s h   m u l t i n a t i o n a l   f u n d i n g   a g r e e -
me nt s;

—  o b sta cl es to  t rans natio nal acces s to fa ci lit ie s;  a nd

—  a low level of coordination among infrastruc ture operators 
and the consequent lack of critical mass in the technologi-
ca l d eve lo pme nt  rel ated to inf ras tr uc ture s 3.

6. 

 To h el p  re so lve k now n d if fic u ltie s i n  th e  se tt in g  up of  n ew re -
search facilities the commission proposed for fp6 an approach 
centred on suppor t for large -scale research facilities in europe. 
five  su pp or t  sc hemes  were define d  cove r in g :

—  Transnatio nal a ccess,

— 

i ntegrating  a c t ivit ies,

—  co mm unic at ion  net wo r k D evelopment,

—  D es ign  s t udie s, 

—  co nst ru c tio n o f new  i nf rast ruc tures.

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

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7. 

 for  f p6, a b udg et  o f 1 40  mil l ion of t he  7 1 5 m illio n e uro  avail-
able for infrastruc ture suppor t was allocated to the Ds and  cni 
sup p or t sc hemes  (s ee t he over vi ew  in  Fi gur e  2) .

fIgU R E   2 

‘ DE S IgN   ST U D I E S ’  A N D  ‘CO N S T R U C T I O N   Of   NE w 
INfR A S T R U C T U R E S ’  S ChE M E S   I N   fP 6

Framework
Programme

Speciﬁc
programmes

Activity areas

FP6

17 883 million euro

Integrating and
strengthening the ERA

Structuring the 
European Research Area

Non-nuclear activities
of the JRC

2 854 million euro

Research and
Innovation

Human resources
and mobility

Research
Infrastructures

Sciences and
Society

715 million euro

Schemes for 
support

Transnational
Access

Integrating
Activities

Communication
Network
Development

Design Studies

Construction
of new
infrastructures

92 million euro

48 million euro

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

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9

8. 

9. 

D E S IgN   S T U D I E S

 D e s i gn   s t u d i e s   p ro j e c t s   a re   i nte n d e d   to   te s t   t h e   fe a s i b i l i t y   o f 
potential future research facilities (including the development 
of  n ew   equ ip ment) . The  Ds  sc hem e  was   to  s uppor t   fe as ibi lit y 
studies and technical preparator y work for new infrastruc tures 
w h i c h   we re   to   h ave   a   c l e a r   eu ro p e a n   d i m e n s i o n   a n d   i nte re s t. 
suppor t could also be given to facilities of worldwide relevance 
l o c a t e d   o u t s i d e   eu ro p e   b u t   i n   w h i c h   e u ro p e a n   o rg a n i s a t i o n s 
inte nd ed to  p ar t icip ate.

 Th e   D s  p ro j e c t s   a u d i te d   by   t h e   co u r t   ( s e e   A n n ex   I)   d e a l   w i t h 
to p i c s   s u c h   a s   f re e   e l e c t ro n   l i g h t   s o u rce s,   a cce l e r a to r / co l l i d-
ers, large optical and infrared telescopes and the construc tion 
o f   a q u a c u l t u re   ce n t re s.   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   a   d e s i gn   s t u d y   c a n   b e 
foun d in Tex tb ox 1.

T EX TbO X   1

T hE   Sk A D S   P R OjE C T

one of the objectives of the ‘s quare kilometre array Design study’ (skaDs) was to develop cost-effective 
technology for future radio astronomy. The total amount of eu financial support was 10,4 million euro, 
approximately one third of the total cost of the project. The grant contractor, skaDs consortium, was 
composed of 26 participants from nine eu m ember states, s outh africa, canada, australia and russia. 

This design study confirmed that the square kilometre array (ska), a giant radiotelescope distributed 
over several continents, could be built using simpler and cheaper structures than the hundreds of con-
ventional dish antennae originally foreseen. 

subsequently the ska project was included in the ‘e uropean roadmap for research infrastructures’ (see 
paragraphs 16 and 17). i ts phase 1 construction is planned for 2012–16.

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CO N S T R U C T I O N   Of   N E w   I NfR A S T R U C T U R E S

10.  

 T h e   o b j e c t i v e   o f   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e   w a s   t o   s u p p o r t   t h e   d e v e l-
o p m e n t   o f   n e w   o r   e n h a n c e d   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s .   a s   w i t h   D e s i g n 
s t u d i e s ,   s u p p o r t   c o u l d   a l s o   b e   g i v e n   t o   f a c i l i t i e s   o f   w o r l d -
wi de rel evance  lo c ated  o u tside europe but  in which  european 
o rg a n i s at i o n s   i nte n d e d   to   p a r t i c i p ate.   el i gi b l e   p ro j e c t s   co u l d 
take the form of traditional buildings but could also include for 
example a system of antennae in the atacama deser t in chile or 
a vir tual infrastruc ture, such as a distr ibuted digitised archive 
t o   i m p r o v e   l i n g u i s t i c   r e s e a r c h   ( s e e   A n n e x   I I   fo r   c n i  p r o j e c t s 
aud ited ). a n examp l e o f a c ni projec t  is  given  i n Tex t b ox  2.

T EX TbO X   2

CEM AC E   P R OjE C T

The Tjärnö marine Biological Laboratory ( TmBL) is a marine biology field station in  sweden. Together 
with akademiska hus, sweden’s main owner of university property, the TmBL is building the centre for 
marine chemical ecology (cemace). This multidisciplinary facility will provide european researchers 
with access to laboratories, equipment and scientific expertise. The centre, with a direct access to the 
sea from the banks of koster fjord, integrates molecular biology, ecology and evolutionary biology — a 
combination that should provide an innovative approach to marine ecological chemistry. 

The european financial support for this project, amounting to over 900 000 euro, was mainly used for 
the construction of a marine ecotron — a facility offering ecologically relevant experimental conditions 
with control of several environmental factors — and contributes to the creation of marine ecology labo-
ratories. The overall costs of the project amounted to 9 million euro.

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4  call for proposals  
fp6-2003-infrastructures-4.

5  The evaluators noted, that ‘The 
oversubscription for this call was 

about six times the indicative 

budget (70 m €). even on the level 

of very good proposals, according 

to the consensus marks, the 

oversubscription is two to three-

fold.’  call fp6-2003-infrastructures-4 

panel report, 7 may 2004.

6  The call for proposals was also 
eligible for another category of 

projects (‘accompanying measures’) 

which is not the subject of this audit. 

in this category two projects were 

selected.

S ElE C T I O N   Of   P R OjE C T S

11.  

 Ds  a n d   c n i  p ro j e c t s   u n d e r   f p6   we re   s e l e c te d   fo l l ow i n g   a   c a l l 
for proposals published in november 2003 4. The maximum rate 
of co -financing for Ds and  cni projects under fp6 was 50  % and 
10 % respec tively. The call was open to projec ts in any field of 
science and technology and the commission received 121 pro -
posals, in total amounting to 387 million euro. as the commis-
sion, in agreement with the programme committee composed 
of representatives of the member states and associated states, 
considered that many good proposals would be excluded if the 
call ’s  ind ic at ive  b ud get   o f  70  m illi on   euro 5  was  m aintain ed,  it 
increased  t he b udg et for  this   ca ll to 1 4 0  mi llio n  euro.

12.  

 T h e   p r o j e c t   p r o p o s a l s   w e r e   e v a l u a t e d   b y   a   m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y 
pan el  o f 62 indep en dent  exp er ts  accord in g  to four  cr iter i a:

—  eu rop ea n ad ded val ue;

—  sc ientif ic and techno l ogical exce lle nce ; 

— 

rel evance to  t he o b jec t ives of  the   sc h em e ; an d 

—  qu al it y  o f the  management.

13.  

 seventy-seven projec ts were judged as being of an appropriate 
s t a n d a rd   a n d   t h i r t y   p ro j e c t s   re ce i ve d   f i n a n c i a l   s u p p o r t ,   w i t h 
9 2   m i l l i o n   e u r o   b e i n g   a w a r d e d   f o r   1 9   D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   a n d  
4 8   mil l io n euro  for nine cni p roj ec t s 6.

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R E S E A R Ch   fAC IlI T I E S   C A N   AlS O   bE   
CO -fI N A N C E D   bY  ThE   S T R U C T U R Al   fU N D S 

14.  

 i n   a d d i t i o n   to   f u n d i n g   f ro m   t h e   re s e a rc h   b u d g e t   m a n a g e d   by 
the commission, under the various framework programmes, the 
development of research facilities can also be financed through 
the eu’s struc tural funds which are financed by the eu budget 
but managed by member states. as a source of potential fund -
i n g,   t h e   3   b i l l i o n   e u ro   ava i l a b l e   u n d e r   t h e  ‘r e s e a rc h ,  Te c h n o -
logical Development and i nnovation (r TDi)  i nfrastruc ture’ area 
of the structural funds for the 2000–06 period was significantly 
gre ater t han the 715 mil l ion euro allo c ated  for  re se arc h  in f ra-
stru c tu res u nde r f p6.  Figu r e 3 presents th e am ounts  i nvolved 
a n d   t h e   m a x i m u m   c o - f i n a n c i n g   r a t e s   r e l e v a n t   t o   t h e   v a r i o u s 
source s o f funding.

fIgU R E   3

ST R U C T U R Al   f U N D S   A N D   R T D   fR A M E w O Rk   P R OgR A M M E S   —   
A   CO M PA R I S O N

Programming period

2002–06

FP6

SF 2000–06

2000–06

38 815

3 128

FP7

2007–13

53 272

1 715

SF 2007–13

2007–13

49 744

9 758

17 883

715

Budget for RTDI 
(million euro)

Budget for RTDI  
infrastructures  
(million euro)

Eligibility

EU and Associated 
Countries

Objective 1: 2 412
Objective 2: 681
EU initiative: 35

EU and Associated 
Countries

Maximum  
co-financing rates

DS: 50 %
CNI: 10 %

Objective 1: 75 %–85 %
Other objectives: 50 %

DS: 50 %
CNI: 3–6 million 
euro per project

Convergence regions: 7 363 
Regional competitiveness and 
employment regions: 2 247  
European territorial 
 cooper ation: 148

Convergence regions:  
75 %–85 % 
Regional competitiveness and 
employment regions:  
50 %–85 % 
European territorial  
cooperation: 75 %–85 %

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15.  

16 .  

17.  

S O M E   ChA NgE S   I N  ThE   CO M M I S S I O N ’S 
A P P R O ACh   fO R   fP 7

 T h e   s e v e n t h   fr a m e w o r k   p r o g r a m m e   (f p7 ) 7  ( 2 0 0 7 – 1 3 )   i n t r o -
duces so me ch ang es  in the  area  of  r ese arch  i n frastr uc t ures  in 
 co m p a r i s o n   to   f p6 .  Th e   a p p ro a c h   a d o p te d   fo r   t h e   Ds  s c h e m e 
h a s   g e n e r a l l y   r e m a i n e d   u n c h a n g e d   b u t   c h a n g e s   h a v e   b e e n 
mad e to  t he  c ni s che me  in t he area of proje c t  se lec t io n an d a 
shift of funding emphasis from the construction to the prepara-
tor y  p hase.

7  Decision no 1982/2006/ec of 
the european parliament and of the 

council (oj L 412, 30.12.2006, p. 1).

 for projec t selec tion, the fp7 approach is more ‘top - down’ and 
the projec ts selec ted for suppor t are mainly those included in 
the  ‘eu rop ea n  ro admap   for  new  res earch   in f ra s tr uc t ures’.  Th is 
is a list prepared by the european strategy forum on r esearch 
i nfrast ruc tu res (esf r i). 

 esfri is a forum which seeks to provide a coherent approach to 
rese arch p ol ic y mak in g in eu rope  and is composed of appoint-
e e s   o f   t h e   m i n i s t e r s   r e s p o n s i b l e   fo r   r e s e a r c h   i n   t h e   m e m b e r 
s t a t e s   a n d   a s s o c i a t e d   s t a t e s   a n d   a   c o m m i s s i o n   r e p r e s e n t a-
tive.  The ‘r o admap’ set s ou t th e sc ientif ic n e ed s in  th e area of 
research infrastruc tures in europe for a 10–20 year per iod and 
i d e n t i f i e s   p ro j e c t s   c o n s i d e re d   a s   b e i n g   v i t a l   t o   t h e   d e ve l o p -
ment  o f scie nce and  in novat ion  in  e urope.

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auDiT scope anD approach

14

18.  

19.  

 Th e   p u r p o s e   o f   t h e   a u d i t   w a s   t o   a s s e s s   t h e   c n i  a n d   Ds  f u n d-
ing  s che mes and their co ntr ibuti on  to t he  ac hi eve me nt  o f t h e 
obj ec t ives o f th e r i ac t ivit y  dur i n g  th e  fp6  pe r iod  ( 2 00 2– 0 6) .

The  aud it  ap proac hed this th roug h  t he  foll owin g  ques t ion s:

(a )  D i d   t h e   D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   s c h e m e   re s u l t   i n   fe a s i b i l i t y   s t u d-
i e s   a n d   p re p a r a t o r y   wo r k   w h i c h   we re   u s e f u l   t o   d e c i s i o n -
mak ers  in t he c reatio n o f new res earch  i nf ras tr uc tures?

(b)   D i d   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e   e f fe c t i ve l y   c a t a l ys e   t h e   co n s t r u c t i o n 

o f ne w  inf rast ru c tu res ?

(c)  D i d   t h e   c o m m i s s i o n   t a k e   a c t i o n   t o   p r o m o t e   t h e   u s e   o f 
co m p l e m e nt a r y   f u n d i n g,   a s   i n c l u d e d   i n   t h e   f p6   d e c i s i o n , 
w ith in t he  Ds and c ni s chemes?

20.  

 The  aud it  invol ved :

—  an analysis of the legal basis of the ri area and specifically 

t he e stab l ishment  o f th e Ds and c n i  sc h em e s;

—  a   r e v i e w   o f   t h e   p r o j e c t   s e l e c t i o n   a n d   m o n i t o r i n g   p r o c e -

du res  (incl uding al l  rel evant  eval uat ion  repor ts );

— 

i n t e r v i e w s   w i t h   s t a f f   o f   t h e   c o m m i s s i o n   a n d   w i t h   r e p r e -
s e n t a t i v e s   o f   t h e   p r i n c i p a l   e u r o p e a n   r e s e a r c h   o r g a n i s a -
t i o n s   a n d   o f   r e s e a r c h   m i n i s t r i e s   i n   e i g h t   m e m b e r   s t a t e s 
(Belgium, czech republic, germany, i taly, the netherlands, 
po la nd,  s wede n and th e united k in gdom) ;

—  on-the -spot audits of a sample of nine of 19 Design studies 

and  al l  nin e c ni p ro jec ts ; an d

—  an o nl ine  s ur ve y of all  u nsu cces s ful a pplic ants.

The audited period was that of fp6 (2002 to 2006). The audited 
pro jec t s are l is te d in  A nnex  I an d I I.

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oBservaTions

15

ThE   D E S IgN   S T U D I E S   S ChE M E

Ob jE C T I V E S   M A I Nl Y   AChI E V E D

21.  

 The ob jec t ive o f the D es ign studies sc he me was to contr ibute 
to   fe a s i b i l i t y   s t u d i e s   a n d   te c h n i c a l   p re p a r a to r y   wo r k   fo r   n e w 
i n f ra s t r u c t u re s   w i t h   a   c l e a r   eu ro p e a n   d i m e n s i o n .  Th e   s c h e m e 
wa s  jud g ed by  t he c o ur t  as  be ing  successf ul if :

—  e u   f u n d i n g   f a c i l i t a te d   s t u d i e s   w h i c h   l e d,   i n   t h e   m e d i u m -
to - l o n g   te r m ,   to   t h e   e n h a n ce m e n t   o f   a   f a b r i c   o f   re s e a rc h 
fac il ities  o f a e uro p ean  dimens ion  an d;

— 

t he co -finan ced st udies  exh ibited  e uropean adde d value.

22.  

 fo l l ow i n g   t h e   v a r i o u s   a u d i t   i nte r v i e ws   c a r r i e d   o u t ,   t h e   co u r t 
n o t e d   t h a t   p a r t i c i p a n t s   g e n e r a l l y   h a d   a   p o s i t i v e   v i e w   o f   t h e 
D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   s c h e m e   a n d   t h o u g h t   t h a t   t h e   e x i s t e n c e   o f   a 
‘D e sign st udy ’ re su lted in an in cre as ed  le vel of  awa ren e ss  an d 
suppor t on the par t of national decision-makers. a majorit y of 
th e p roj ec ts  were su b seq uently  i nc lud ed  i n th e  e sfri list  (se e 
p a ra gra p h s   1 6   a n d   1 7 ) ,   i n c re a s i n g   t h e   l i k e l i h o o d   o f   co n s t r u c-
tion  (se e Figu re  4).

f IgU R E   4

DE V El O P M E N T   Of   ThE   N I N E   D S   P R OjE C T S   AU D I T E D   bY  ThE   CO U R T

Projects on ESFRI list

Currently no decision on construction 

Design phase ongoing

Future construction with national funds

Construction
started

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

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23.  

24.  

 D u r i n g   i n t e r v i e w s ,   p r o j e c t   c o o r d i n a t o r s   a n d   m e m b e r   s t a t e s’ 
representatives also stated that eu suppor t for Design   studies 
h a d   b e e n   o f   i m p o r t a n c e   i n   b r i d g i n g   t h e   g a p   b e t w e e n   t h e 
 e l a b o r a t i o n   o f   a n   i d e a   a n d   t h e   a c t u a l   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n   o f 
a  p r o j e c t .   T h e   s u p p o r t   h a d   g i v e n   s c i e n t i s t s   a n   o p p o r t u n i t y 
t o   d e m o n s t r a t e   a n d   wo r k   o u t   t h e i r   p ro p o s a l s   i n   a   s t r u c t u re d 
w ay.   m o s t   p ro j e c t   co o rd i n a to r s   we re   a l s o   o f   t h e   o p i n i o n   t h at 
t h e   p o s s i b i l i t y   fo r   a   n u m b e r   o f   i n s t i t u t i o n s   to   co l l a b o rate   to -
g e t h e r   i n   j o i n t   u n d e r t a k i n g s   w a s   a   v a l u a b l e   a n d   w o r t hw h i l e 
aspec t of this suppor t scheme. Tex tb ox 3 contains an example 
of  co o p erat io n b et ween maj or  european re search  inst itution s 
wh o  o the r w ise wo ul d have b een  co mpe t itor s.

 Beneficiaries and the representatives of research organisations 
stated that, in  ter m s o f sec ur in g  f un din g, th e  de s i gn  pha se  o f 
a n   i n f r a s t r u c t u re   p ro j e c t   i s   t h e   m o s t   d i f f i c u l t   o n e.  T h i s   i s   e s-
pecially the case when inter national cooperation is necessar y. 
Th e   D s   s c h e m e,   w i t h   a   f i n a n c i a l   i nvo l ve m e n t   o f   t h e   co m m i s -
s i o n   o f   u p   t o   5 0  %   o f   t o t a l   c o s t ,   w a s   t h e re fo re   c o n s i d e re d   by 
i n t e r v i e we e s   a s   b e i n g   i m p o r t a n t   i n   t h a t   i t   p rov i d e d   a   f r a m e -
w o r k   f o r   t h e   d e v e l o p m e n t   o f   l a r g e - s c a l e   e u r o p e a n   p r o j e c t s . 
Th e   i nte r v i e we e s   t h o u g ht   t h at   p a n - eu ro p e a n   co l l a b o rat i o n   i s 
d i f f i c u l t   t o   s e t   u p   t h ro u g h   m e c h a n i s m s   w i t h   a   m o re   n a t i o n a l 
or  regio nal  p ro gramme emp has i s.

T EX TbO X   3

ThE   E U R OfEl   P R OjE C T

The eurofeL Design study was a joint effort on the part of 16 european research institutions to prepare 
for the construction of the next-generation of free-electron laser light sources, to be built as a distributed 
infrastructure in seven european centres. 

originally, there were seven different, competing projects for constructing free electron lasers in five 
european countries. however the commission advised the individual institutions to submit a joint pro-
posal thereby enhancing european collaboration in the area. for some participants, the main benefit of 
the project was the collaboration of different institutions, which would normally be competing against 
each other.

The success of the Design study can be gauged from the inclusion of the construction project in the 
‘e uropean roadmap for research infrastructures’ and is scheduled to be constructed in the next 8 to 
12 years.

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8  oj L 294, 29.10.2002, p. 44.

25.  

26.  

ThE   CO N S T R U C T I O N   Of   N E w 
I NfR A S T R U C T U R E S   ( C N I )   S ChE M E

ThE   C ATAl YS I Ng   Ef fE C T   A N D   E U R O P E A N   A D D E D 
VAl U E

 The criteria for the payment of eu funds under the  construction 
of new  i nfrastruc tures (cni) scheme are insufficiently specific. 
council D ecision 2002/835/ec 8 stipulates that the scheme was 
t o   p r o v i d e   t h e   m i n i m u m   f u n d i n g   n e c e s s a r y  ‘ t o   c a t a l y s e’  t h e 
a c t i v i t y,   w i t h   m o s t   o f   t h e   co n s t r u c t i o n   a n d   o p e rat i o n a l   co s t s 
a s s u re d   by   n a t i o n a l   o r   o t h e r   s o u rc e s   o f   f i n a n c e.   a   c a t a l y s t   i s 
something that accelerates or promotes a reac tion or process. 
i n the cour t ’s understanding, this implies that the payment of 
cni funding should result in projec ts going ahead which would 
ot he r wise  no t h ave b een under t ak en . 

 D e c i s i o n   2 0 0 2 / 8 3 5 /e c  g o e s   o n   t o   s ay   t h a t   f u n d i n g   s h o u l d   b e 
provided on the basis of a detailed justification ‘based on euro -
pean added value’. The commission’s 2002–03 work programme 
fo r   f p6   i n t e r p re t s   t h e   c n i  e l i g i b i l i t y   re q u i re m e n t   t o   s a y   t h a t 
cni suppor t will be available ‘where such suppor t could have a 
critical catalysing effect in terms of european added value’. This 
could be demonstrated, as mentioned in the work programme, 
i n   t e r m s   o f   a n   i m p r o v e d   a t t r a c t i v e n e s s   fo r,   a n d / o r   i m p r o v e d 
ser vice s to, t he researc h com muni t y  in  e urope,  by way of : 

—  a w ide r  acce ss ib il it y of th e  propo se d  inf ra s tr uc tu re, 

—  a m ore  advan ced techno l ogy, 

—  a m ore  fl exibl e ad ap t ab il it y  to  inte rdi s c ipli n ar y  s tud ie s, 

—  a b et te r co nnec tivit y to the research  com munit y.

27.  

 Th e   co u r t   e x a m i n e d   a l l   c n i  p ro j e c t s   a n d   co n s i d e re d   h ow   t h e 
c o m m i s s i o n   h a d   a p p l i e d   t h e   a b o v e m e n t i o n e d   e l i g i b i l i t y   r e -
q u i r e m e n t s   s e t   o u t   i n   D e c i s i o n   2 0 0 2 / 8 3 5 /e c  a n d   e l a b o r a t e d 
on  in t he c o mmis sio n’s 2002–0 3 wor k program me.

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28.  

 i n the impor tant matter of the access of european researchers 
to infrastruc tures, the cour t found that commission financing 
focused on the funding of the construc tion or the purchase of 
e q u i p m e n t   w i t h o u t   s u f f i c i e n t l y   s e c u r i n g   a c c e s s   fo r   re s e a rc h-
ers. 

lI T TlE  ‘C ATAl YS I Ng   Ef fE C T ’…

29.  

 i n order to assess whether construc tion of new i nfrastruc tures 
(cn i) su p po r t had a ‘catal ys ing e ffe c t ’ t h e c our t examined:

— 

the relationship bet ween the star ting date of projec ts and 
t h e   d a t e   w h e n   c o n t r a c t s   w i t h   t h e   e u   we re   s i g n e d,   w h i c h 
wo u l d   i n d i c a t e   t h e   i m p o r t a n c e   o f   t h e   f u n d i n g   t o   t h e   u n-
de r t ak ing o f t he p rojec t;

—  whether the decision to grant or refuse funding for projects 
w a s   d e te r m i n a nt   fo r   t h e   p ro j e c t   g o i n g   a h e a d   o r   co nt i n u-
ing ;  and

—  perceptions of the main stakeholders regarding the ex tent 
to   w h i c h   e u   i nve s t m e nt   s e r ve d   a s   a   c at a l ys t   fo r   o t h e r   i n -
ve stm ent in p ro jec t s.

fIgU R E   5 

TI M ElI N E   Of   P R OjE C T   S TA R T   A N D   CO N T R AC T   S IgN AT U R E

2003

2004

2005

2006

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan. Feb. Mar.

Task Name

Date

Call for proposals

11/11/2003

Commission decision — batch 1

11/03/2005

CeMaCE

CISB

DAM-LR

ISIS TS2

STAR

05/03/2004

05/03/2004

01/01/2005

01/03/2005

01/10/2004

Commission decision — batch 2

08/08/2005

ALMA Enhencement

BINASP

DIRAC-PHASE-1

EUTRICOD

01/01/2006

15/03/2004

01/10/2005

01/11/2004

= Contract signature

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30.  

31.  

32.  

 The cour t ’s audit found that seven of the nine cni projec ts had 
star ting dates in advance of the relevant commission decisions 
and  su bsequent signing of  co ntra c ts (see  Fi gu re 5).  an  eighth 
p ro j e c t   s t a r te d   a f te r   t h e   co m m i s s i o n   d e c i s i o n   b u t   b e fo re   t h e 
cont ra c t had b een s igned.

9  cni special clause no 34:  ‘The 
reimbursement of costs for other 

specific support activities, incurred 

by contractors applying the fc, fcf 

or ac cost-reporting models, shall 

not exceed 10 % of the total eligible 

costs’.

 a s   i n   m o s t   c a s e s   t h e   p r o j e c t s   w e r e   u p - a n d - r u n n i n g   b e f o r e 
contrac t s  we re  sign ed  and  as  e u  suppor t  for   cn i  projec t s  was 
limite d  to   a  m aximum  of   10  %   of  th e  tota l  proj ec t  cost 9,  th ere 
wa s   no   ev id ence  t hat  eu-fu nd ing   was  a  deter m ining  f ac to r   in 
t h e   d e c i s i o n   a s   t o   w h e t h e r   p r o j e c t s   w e n t   a h e a d   o r   n o t   ( s e e 
examp l e in Tex t b ox 4) .

 D u r i n g   i n t e r v i e w s,   t h e   re p re s e n t a t i ve s   o f   e u r o p e a n   r e s e a r c h 
o r g a n i s a t i o n s   a n d   m e m b e r   s t a t e s’  m i n i s t r i e s   s t a t e d   t h a t   t h e 
c n i  s c h e m e   d i d   n o t  ‘c at a l ys e’  t h e   a c t i v i t i e s   fo r   w h i c h   s u p p o r t 
was granted because of the low level of funding available and 
th e fac t  that,  by d efinition,  the  prov isi on o f onl y  10  % of tot al 
p ro j e c t   co s t   i s   i n s u f f i c i e n t   fo r   t h e   p ro d u c t i o n   o f   a   c a t a l y s i n g 
effe c t.

T E X Tb O X   4

P hA S E  1  Of   ThE   D I R AC   P R OjE C T

The aim of the construction of the international accelerator facility at the Darmstadt ion research and 
antiproton centre (Dirac) in Darmstadt is to upgrade the existing accelerators for future research on 
the origin of the universe. This project, to be co-financed by 14 partners (11 eu  member states, china, 
india and russia), includes both new infrastructure (magnet) and upgrades of existing infrastructure 
(synchrotron accelerator and spectrometer). 

eu funding amounting to 10,4 million euro was intended to support the first phase of the project, which 
was estimated at 104 million euro. The total investment is expected to be in the region of 1,2 billion euro. 
when the contract with the commission was signed, the project was already under way.

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33.  

34.  

35.  

 a  s i m i l a r   o b s e r v a t i o n   w a s   m a d e   i n   t h e   e v a l u a t i o n   pa n e l   r e -
por t: ‘(…) the exper ts felt that ec funding was having a higher 
imp ac t   fo r  D esign  st ud ie s  compared  to  cons truc t ion   projec ts 
since   t he   co nst ru c tio n  woul d  happe n  a ny way  an d   th e   be ne f it 
of t he  10  % h el p  fro m the e u was sometime s  no t ver y  cl ear ’ 10.

10  research infrastructures action — 
call fp6-2003-infrastructures-4: 

panel report, p. 4.

 in replying to the audit sur vey, 9 out of 10 responding non-suc -
cessful applicants confirmed that the commission’s decision on 
funding did not have a substantial influence on the realisation 
o f   p r o j e c t s   a n d   m o s t   o f   t h e   a p p l i c a n t s   c o n t i n u e d   w i t h   t h e i r 
p r o j e c t s   d e s p i t e   h a v i n g   b e e n   r e j e c t e d ,   a l t h o u g h   s o m e t i m e s 
wi th  a red uc t ion in s cop e ( see Fig u re  6).

 when a similar question was put by the cour t to the coordina-
tors of successful cni projec ts, three out of four replied that a 
negative decision of the commission would not have prevented 
the ir pro j ec ts from go ing  ah ead ( s ee  Fi gu r e  6 a lso) .

fIgU R E   6 

IM PlE M E N TAT I O N  Of   S U CC E S SfUl   A N D  U N S U CC E S SfUl   P R O P O S AlS  

Have you proceeded with the 
implementation of the project despite the 
negative decision on EC funding?

Would a negative decision on EC funding 
have held up project implementation?

9 %

22 %

91 %

78 %

Yes

No

Yes

No

Survey of unsuccessful proposers

Interviews with project coordinators

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… bU T   C N I   S U P P O R T   R E S Ul T E D   I N  ThE   P U R ChA S E 
Of   A D D I T I O N Al   O R   bE T T E R   E Q U I P M E N T

36.  

 a l t h o u g h   e u  f u n d i n g ,   a d d i n g   1 0  %   o n   t o p   o f   p r o j e c t   c o s t s 
a g re e d   a t   a   n a t i o n a l   l e ve l,   h a d   l i t t l e  ‘c a t a l y s i n g   e f fe c t ’  s o   f a r 
as projec ts as a whole were concerned, it enabled the purchase 
o r   d e ve l o p m e n t   o f   a d d i t i o n a l   e q u i p m e n t   n o t   fo re s e e n   i n   t h e 
initial projec t proposal. This funding therefore complemented 
national funding and in this sense, eu funding allowed the in-
frastruc tures to have more or better technology. i n some cases 
it a ls o  facil itated  t he interdiscipli nar y  use   of   faci lit ie s.

11  ‘competitive european regions 
through research and innovation. 

practical guide to eu funding 

opportunities for research and 

innovation’, rev. 2 02/12/2008,  

pp. 12–13.

37.  

38.  

CO M PlE M E N TA R I T Y   Of   fU N D I Ng

ThE   CO M M I S S I O N   A D V O C AT E D   CO M PlE M E N TA R Y 
fU N D I Ng   bU T  TO Ok   O Nl Y   lI M I T E D   AC T I O N

 as a lready  me nt ioned in p aragraph  14 ,  i n  ad dit io n  to  fu ndi ng 
i n f ra s t r u c t u re s   t h ro u g h   t h e   re s e a rc h   b u d g e t ,   e u  s u p p o r t   c a n 
also come from the struc tural funds in suppor t of regional and 
cohesion policies. The eiB may also finance research infrastruc -
ture  pro jec ts w hic h h ave a e uropean  dimens ion. 

 D oub l e financin g o r s ub m itting t he  s am e i te m  of  expe ndi tu re 
f o r   s u p p o r t   f r o m   d i f f e r e n t   s c h e m e s   i s   p r o h i b i t e d .   T h e   c o - f i-
n a n c i n g   o f   a   p ro j e c t   f ro m   d i f fe re nt   e u  f i n a n c i n g   m e c h a n i s m s 
is rare ly p o ssib l e  due  to the s pec if i c  r ule s   o n  co - fi n anc i ng  for 
e a c h   i n s t r u m e n t .  T h e   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   u s e   o f   f u n d i n g   s o u rc e s 
is howeve r al l owed. co mp l em ent ar it y of fundin g mean s u sin g 
d i f f e r e n t   s o u r c e s   o f   f u n d i n g   f o r   d i f f e r e n t   p r o j e c t   a c t i v i t i e s , 
wh ich  are car r ie d ou t in a rel ate d or  con s e c ut ive  man ne r 11.

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12  report on the communication 
from the commission ‘Towards 

a european research area’ 

(com(2000) 6 — c5-0115/2000 — 

2000/2075(cos)).

13  ‘… the opportunity should be 
taken to negotiate on the structural 

assistance planned for the years 

2000 to 2006 in order to examine 

how best to combine projects 

implemented within this framework 

(i.e. structural funds) with projects 

undertaken in the european 

programmes.’ com(2000) 6, p. 18.

14  Decision no 1513/2002/ec of 
the european parliament and of the 

council (oj L 232, 29.8.2002, p. 1).

15  council Decision 2002/835/ec 
of 30 september 2002 adopting a 

specific programme for research, 

technological development and 

demonstration: ‘structuring the 

european research area’  

(2002–06).

16  work programme (2002–03): 
support for research infrastructures 

in the fp6 specific programme on 

‘structuring the european research 

area’, first update june 2003.

39.  

40.  

41.  

42.  

 T h e   p o s s i b i l i t y   o f   u s i n g   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g   f r o m   d i f-
fere nt  eu rop ea n so urce s h as  been  advo c ate d i n var io us  un ion 
d o c u m e n t s .   i n   i t s   r e p o r t   o f   m a y   2 0 0 0 1 2  t h e   e u r o p e a n   pa r l i a-
m e n t   s t r o n g l y   e n c o u r a g e d   t h e   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   u s e   o f   f u n d -
i n g   u n d e r   t h e   fr a m e wo r k   r e s e a rc h   pro g r a m m e   a n d   o t h e r   e u 
p o l i c i e s,   i n   p a r t i c u l a r   t h e   st r u c t u ra l   fu n d s.  Th e    co m m i s s i o n’s 
 c o m m u n i c a t i o n   ‘ To w a r d s   a   e u r o p e a n   r e s e a r c h   a r e a ’ 1 3 
 a n n o u n c e d   t h a t ,   i n   t h e   a r e a   o f   r e s e a r c h   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s ,   t h e 
 p o t e n t i a l   t o   c o m b i n e   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s ,   e i B   l o a n s   a n d   f p 6 
 fundin g sho u ld b e exp l o ited.

 T h e   u s e   o f   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g   i n   r e s p e c t   o f   t h e   Ds  a n d 
c n i  s c h e m e s   w a s   a l s o   t r e a t e d   i n   t h e   d e c i s i o n s   e s t a b l i s h i n g 
f p6 1 4  a n d   t h e   s p e c i f i c   p r o g r a m m e  ‘s t r u c t u r i n g   t h e   e u r o p e a n 
r esearch area’ 15. D esign studies were to be under taken on the 
basis of a systematic exploration of ‘the possibilities of contri-
butions from other sources, including the eiB or the  struc tural 
fu n d s   fo r   t h e   f u n d i n g   o f   t h e s e   i n f r a s t r u c t u re s’.   su p p o r t   f ro m 
the cni scheme ‘may supplement contributions from the  eiB or 
th e  st ruc t ural   fun ds  fo r  t he  fundin g  of  th ese  in f rast r uc t ures’. 
The  u se  o f co mp l ement ar y fund ing  was al so me nti one d  in  t h e 
r ese arch i nf ras tru c t ures  wo r k p rogramm e 16. 

 co m b i n i n g   t h e   u s e   o f   s t r u c t u ra l,   co h e s i o n   a n d   o t h e r   f u n d i n g 
s o u rce s,   w i t h   re s e a rc h   f u n d i n g,   i s   s p e c i f i c a l l y   i nte n d e d   to   re -
alise the potential of the eu’s convergence regions in ter ms of 
indu st r ial and researc h devel opm e nt.

 Despite advocating the use of complementar y sources of fund-
ing  in   th e  D ecisio ns   and  do c um e nt s  m enti on ed   a bove,   th e   i s-
sue was not ac tively addressed by the commission during fp6. 
T h e r e   w a s   n o   g u i d a n c e   m a t e r i a l   e s t a b l i s h e d   t o   h e l p   p r o j e c t 
coordinators search for potential funding synergies and indeed 
no cni projec ts benefited from either  struc tural funds financ-
i n g   o r   e iB   l o a n s   d u r i n g   t h e   p e r i o d .   m o s t   o f   t h e   u n s u c c e s s f u l 
a p p l i c a n t s   s u r ve ye d   s t a t e d   t h a t   t h e y   h a d   n o t   b e e n   i n fo r m e d 
about the possibilit y of using complementar y funding sources 
(see Figu r e  7).

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43.  

 The re  wo ul d  als o  b e  a  need  for   prac t ic al  s te ps   to   be   t ake n  by 
t h e   co m m i s s i o n   t o   a d e q u a t e l y   a d m i n i s t e r   t h e   c o m p l e m e n t a-
r i t y   a s p e c t   e. g.   c h e c k s   fo r   d o u b l e   f i n a n c i n g   o r   i n e l i g i b l e   c o -
financ ing. however it was  no ted  th at :

(i)  

the relevant Dgs (r TD and regio) did not establish a com-
mo n d ef initio n of a ‘r es earch  i n frastr uc t ure’,

(ii)  t h e   t w o   D g s   d i d   n o t   h a v e   t h e   m e a n s   o f   c r o s s - l i n k i n g   i n -
for mation on projec ts eligible for both fp 6 and struc tural 
fun ds,  and

(iii)  u nder co hes ion po lic y, no spec ific tools  and  databas e s to 
m a n a g e   a n d   c o o rd i n a t e   t h e   c o m p l e m e n t a r i t y   o f   f u n d i n g 
have  be en develop ed.

fIgU R E   7 

INfO R M AT I O N   O N   CO M PlE M E N TA R I T Y   Of   fU N D I Ng   —   R E S Ul T S 
fR O M  ThE   E C A   S U R V E Y   Of   U N S U CC E S SfUl   A P PlI C A N T S

Did the Commission or the National Contact Point inform you of the possibility to complement  
Research Infrastructures programme funding with other EU sources of funding?

No answer

Don't know

No

Yes

0

5

10

15

20

25

Number of responses

Loans from the EIB

Structural Funds

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concLusions anD 
recommenDaTions

24

44.  

 The cour t considered the Ds scheme to have mainly met its ob -
jec tives whereas the cni scheme was judged to have provided 
low a dde d val ue.

wA S  ThE   D S   S ChE M E   A   U S EfUl  TO Ol   fO R 
D E C I S I O N - M AkE R S ?

45.  

 representatives of the research community were generally posi -
t i v e   a b o u t   t h e   D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   s c h e m e .   T h e y   t h o u g h t   t h a t   i t 
provided an oppor tunity for scientific ideas to be developed in 
a   s t r u c t u re d   way   by   te s t i n g   t h e   fe a s i b i l i t y   o f   p o te nt i a l   f u t u re 
research facilities. The possibility provided for different institu-
t i o n s   to   co l l a b o rate   to g e t h e r   wa s   p a r t i c u l a r l y   we l co m e d.  Th e 
p ro ce s s   h e l p e d   d e c i s i o n - m a k e r s   i d e nt i f y   w h i c h   p ro j e c t s   we re 
wor thy of suppor t and the major it y of the D s projec ts audited 
were in clu ded o n t he esfr i list.

D I D  ThE   C N I   S ChE M E   C ATAl YS E  ThE 
CO N S T R U C T I O N   Of   N E w   I NfR A S T R U C T U R E S ?

46.  

 fu n d i n g   t h ro u g h   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e   d i d   n o t   h ave   a   d e te r m i n i n g 
e f fe c t   o n   p ro j e c t   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n .   pay m e n t   o f   c n i  a s s i s t a n ce 
m a d e   p o s s i b l e   s o m e   t e c h n i c a l   u p g r a d i n g   o f   t h e   i n v e s t m e n t 
p r o j e c t s   c o n c e r n e d ,   w i t h   t h e   a c q u i s i t i o n   o f   n e w   o r   b e t t e r 
equipment. however the  cni scheme did not result in the con-
struc tion of new infrastruc tures but rather provided additional 
financ ing   to   p rojec ts   w hich  would   h ave  g on e   ah ea d  i r re s pec -
tive o f t he existence o f the sch em e.

RE C O M M E N D AT I O N   1

The commission should reconsider whether in future frame -
wo r k  pro g r amm e s ,  cn i p roj e c t s sh o ul d b e f un d e d f ro m th e 
re s e arch  b u d g e t  g i ve n   th e  co ur t ’s  f in din gs  co n ce r nin g  th e 
euro p e an a d d e d v alu e an d c at al y sin g  e f f e c t . 

T h e   co m m issi o n   sh o u l d   e nsu re   th at   s ch e m e   o bj e c ti ve s   are 
s t ate d in ter ms that are cl ear and under s t andab le to all and 
should b e realis tic given the intende d level of proje c t f und -
in g  invo l ve d .

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D I D  ThE   CO M M I S S I O N  TAkE   AC T I O N   O N 
CO M PlE M E N TA R Y   fU N D I Ng ?

47.  

 D esp ite inclu ding  in th e f p6 decision,  the  pos sibilit y of  f un d-
i n g   Ds  a n d   c n i  p r o j e c t s   f r o m   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   e u  b u d g e t a r y 
s o u r c e s ,   t h e   c o m m i s s i o n   d i d   n o t   a c t i v e l y   p r o m o t e   t h i s   p o s-
sibil it y and co ns eq uentl y  it  was  n ot  use d.

RE C O M M E N D AT I O N   2

T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   s h o u l d   c l a r i f y   w h a t   i t   i n t e n d s   t o   a c h i e v e 
by in clu din g in th e l e g islati o n th e p ossib l e co mp l e m e nt ar y 
u s e   o f   f u n d s .   i t   s h o u l d   c o n s i d e r   t h e   a d v a n t a g e s   a n d   d i s -
a d v a n t a g e s   o f   s u c h   f u n d i n g   a n d   t h e   a s s o c i a t e d   c o s t s   a n d 
b enef it s. if it b elieves that usef ul s y nergies can b e achieve d 
t h r o u g h   co m b i n i n g   e a r m a r ke d   eu  f u n ds ,   ei B   l o a ns   a n d   n a -
tional f inancing, it should ac tive ly prom ote th e us e of com -
p l e m e nt ar y f un din g s o urces , w hils t e nsur in g that a d e quate 
co ntro ls   are  p u t   in  p l a ce  to  p reve nt   an d   d e te c t   any  m isus e 
o f  this  o p ti o n .

This repor t was adopted by the cour t of auditors in Luxembourg 
at its meeting of 5 m ay 2010. 

Fo r  th e  Co u r t o f  Au dito r s

vítor m anuel da silva c aldeira 
Presi d e nt

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26

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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29

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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30

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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31

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special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32

repLy of The 
commission

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I I.
T h e   r o l e   o f   t h e   si x t h   f r a m e w o r k   p r o -
g r a m m e   (f p6 )   r e s e a r c h   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e 
ac tion s in  developin g n ew resea rc h f ac il-
i t i e s   m o r e   r a p i d l y   a n d   e f f e c t i v e l y   t h a n 
u n d e r   t h e   p a s t   t ra d i t i o n   h a s   b e e n   c l e a r l y 
ack nowledged by the exper ts who carried 
o u t   t h e   e v a l u a t i o n   o f   t h e   si x t h   fr a m e -
wor k p rogramm e 1.

I II . f irst   indent
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   w e l c o m e s   t h e   p o s i t i v e 
a s s e s s m e n t   o f   t h e   D e s i g n   s t u d i e s   ( Ds) 
sch eme. 

I II .  S econd  ind ent
as regards the construc tion of new  i nfra-
s t r u c t u re s   (c n i)   s c h e m e,   g i ve n   a   b u d g e t 
o f   l e s s   t h a n   5 0   m i l l i o n   e u ro,   i t   co u l d   n o t 
b e   e x p e c t e d   t h a t   t h i s   a c t i o n   w o u l d   i n 
i t s e l f   r e s u l t   i n   t h e   c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w 
i n f ra s t r u c t u re s,   b u t   rat h e r   e n h a n ce   t h e i r 
e u r o p e a n   d i m e n s i o n .   a s   s u c h ,   t h e   c n i 
s c h e m e   i s   t o   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   a s   a   p i l o t 
exe rc i s e   t h at   a l l owe d   t h e   co m m i s s i o n   to 
b e t t e r   d e f i n e   f u t u r e   a c t i o n s   t h r o u g h   a 
more st rate gic  approach.

I II . Third  indent
i n f o r m a t i o n   a c t i o n s   a i m e d   a t   p o t e n t i a l 
b e n e f i c i a r i e s   o r g a n i s e d   b y   t h e   c o m m i s-
s i o n   a s   we l l   a s   by   t h e   r T D   na t i o n a l   co n-
tac t points regular ly pointed out the pos-
s i b i l i t y   o f   u s i n g   co m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g 
f ro m   t h e   eu ro p e a n   i nve s t m e nt   B a n k   (e iB ) 
a n d   t h e   st r u c t u ra l   fu n d s.   howe ve r,   s i n ce 
struc tural funds are managed at national 
level, member states and regional author-
i t i e s   h a d   t h e   m a i n   re s p o n s i b i l i t y   fo r   p ro -
viding appropr iate infor mation to poten-
tial ben eficiar ies.

1 

‘evaluation of the sixth framework programme for research 

and technological development 2002–06’, report of the expert 

group, february 2009. 

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

3333

repLy of The 
commission

T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   p u b l i s h e d ,   i n   2 0 0 8 ,   a 
p r a c t i c a l   gu i d e   t o   e u  f u n d i n g   o p p o r t u-
n i t i e s   f o r   r e s e a r c h   a n d   i n n o v a t i o n 2  a n d 
i n v i t e d   t h e   m e m b e r   s t a t e s   t o   i m p r o v e 
t h e   a r r a n g e m e n t s   f o r   c o o r d i n a t e d   u s e 
o f   f u n d i n g .   wo r k s h o p s   o n   t h e   r e g i o n a l 
d e ve l o p m e n t   o f   re s e a rc h   i n f r a s t r u c t u re s 
have also been organised under the slov -
en ian an d th e c zech p reside nc ies 3. 

f u r t h e r   d e v e l o p m e n t s   w i l l   b e   c o n s i d-
e re d   i n   t h e   l i g ht   o f   a   re p o r t   by   a n   ex p e r t 
gr o u p   o n   s y n e r g i e s   b e t w e e n   r e s e a r c h , 
i n n ov a t i o n   a n d   co h e s i o n   po l i c i e s   t h a t   i s 
being set up in 2010 with the objec tive of 
mak ing concrete recommendations (a)  on 
s y n e r g i e s   o f   a c t i o n   i n   t h e   i m p l e m e n t a-
t i o n   o f   p o l i c i e s   fo r   t h e   re m a i n d e r   o f   t h e 
c u r r e n t   p r o g r a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( 2 0 0 7 – 1 3 ) 
and (b) on synergies of design of policies 
f o r   t h e   n e x t   p r o g r a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( f r o m 
2 01 4) .

2  competitive european regions Through research and 
innovation — practical guide to eu funding opportunities for 

research and innovation — 2008, available at:  

http://cordis.europa.eu/eu-funding-guide/home_en.html 

3  research infrastructures and their structuring Dimension 
within the european research area (infrastructure-era), 

5–6 march 2008, Brdo, slovenia; research infrastructures and 

the regional dimension of era (ric 2009), 24–25 march 2009, 

prague, czech republic.

IV. 
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   h a s   a l r e a d y   r e c o n s i d-
e re d   t h e   s u p p o r t   fo r   co n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w 
re s e a rc h   i n f ra s t r u c t u re s.   D raw i n g   o n   t h e 
l e s s o n s   l e a r n t   f r o m   t h e   c n i  p r o j e c t s   a s 
a   p i l o t   e x p e r i e n c e ,   s u p p o r t   fo r   t h e   c o n-
struc tion of new infrastruc tures has been 
f u r t h e r   d e ve l o p e d   i n   t h e   s e ve nt h   fra m e -
wo r k   pro g r a m m e   ( f p 7 )   a n d   p u t   o n   a   d i f -
fe re n t   fo o t i n g.  Th e   s u p p o r t   u n d e r   f p7   i s 
p r o v i d e d   t h r o u g h   a   s t r a t e g i c   t o p - d o w n 
a p p r o a c h   b a s e d   o n   t h e   l i s t   o f   p r o j e c t s 
i d e n t i f i e d   i n   t h e   e u r o p e a n   s t r a t e g y 
forum on research i nfrastruc tures (esfri) 
e u r o p e a n   r o a d m a p   f o r   n e w   r e s e a r c h 
i n f ra s t r u c t u re s.  Th i s   s u p p o r t   i s   i n te n d e d 
mainly fo r t he p rep arator y p h ase.

The commission ack nowledges that clear 
a n d   re a l i s t i c   o b j e c t i ve s   a re   e s s e n t i a l   fo r 
t h e   s u c c e s s   o f   t h e   s c h e m e .   fo r   f u r t h e r 
developments, the commission will care -
fully consider all elements in order to get 
the  be st  va lue fo r mo ney.

T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   a g r e e s   w i t h   t h e   c o u r t 
that the benefits of using complementar y 
f u n d i n g   s h o u l d   b e   c l e a r l y   d o c u m e n t e d . 
si g n i f i c a n t   p r o g r e s s   h a s   b e e n   m a d e 
under fp7. 

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2 9.
T h e   co m m i s s i o n   c o n s i d e r s   t h a t   t h e  ‘c a t-
a l y s i n g   e f f e c t ’  h a s   t o   b e   a n a l y s e d   ‘ i n 
te r m s   o f   eu ro p e a n   a d d e d   v a l u e’.  Th e   c n i 
s c h e m e   d i d   n o t   a i m   a t   c a t a l y s i n g   t h e 
a c t u a l    c o n s t r u c t i o n .   e u   f u n d i n g   u n d e r 
the cni scheme was intended to enhance 
t h e   eu ro p e a n   d i m e n s i o n   o f   n e w   re s e a rc h 
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   d e v e l o p e d   b y   m e m b e r 
states. 

3 0.
m o s t   o f   t h e   c n i  p ro j e c t s   d i d   i n d e e d   h ave 
a   s t a r t i n g   d a t e   p r e c e d i n g   s i g n a t u r e   o f 
t h e   co n t r a c t .  Th i s   p o s s i b i l i t y   w a s   c l e a r l y 
an nounce d in  th e guide for p roposer s.

3 1.
a p p l i c a n t s   h a d   t o   d e m o n s t r a t e   ( s e e 
gu i d e   f o r   p r o p o s e r s )   t h a t   ‘s u p p o r t   h a s 
been established, on the basis of sources 
o t h e r   t h a n   e u   f u n d i n g,   fo r   t h e   co n s t r u c -
tion and the subsequent operation of the 
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ’.   T h e r e f o r e ,   i t   i s   o b v i o u s 
t h a t   c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f   t h e   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s 
suppor ted through the cni scheme would 
h ave taken place any way.

ObSERVATIONS

22 –23 .
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   w e l c o m e s   t h e   p o s i t i v e 
a s s e s s m e n t   o f   t h e   Ds  s c h e m e   b y   t h e 
stakeh ol ders an d by t he c o ur t  it self.

25– 26.
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   e m p h a s i s e s   t h a t   t h e 
c a t a l y s i n g   e f f e c t   h a s   t o   b e   c o n s i d e r e d 
i n   t e r m s   o f   e u r o p e a n   a d d e d   v a l u e .   T h e 
o b j e c t i ve   o f   t h e   c n i   s c h e m e   wa s   to   o p t i -
m i s e  ‘e u r o p e a n   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   b y   p r o -
v i d i n g   l i m i t e d   s u p p o r t   f o r   t h e   d e v e l o p -
m e n t   o f   a   r e s t r i c t e d   n u m b e r   o f   p r o j e c t s 
f o r   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   i n   d u l y   j u s t i f i e d 
c a s e s   w h e r e   s u c h   s u p p o r t   c o u l d   h a v e   a 
cr itical catalysing effec t in ter ms of euro -
pea n ad ded val u e’ 4. 

eu funding under the  cni scheme was not 
m e a n t   t o   t r i g g e r   a n y   d e c i s i o n   t o   b u i l d 
n e w   i n f ra s t r u c t u re   b u t   rat h e r   to   e n h a n ce 
t h e   e u r o p e a n   d i m e n s i o n .   i t   i s   c l e a r   t h a t 
t h e   e u  f u n d i n g   w a s   n o t   t h e   d e te r m i n a n t 
f a c to r   a l l ow i n g   p ro j e c t s   to   g o   a h e a d   b u t 
r a t h e r   a   f a c t o r   d e t e r m i n i n g   t h a t   t h e s e 
projec t s  wo uld b eco me more e u ropean.

28.
i n   o rd e r   to   b e   s e l e c te d,   c n i  p ro j e c t s   h a d 
t o   d e m o n s t r a t e   h o w   e u ro p e a n   re s e a rc h-
ers would benefit from accessing the pro -
posed ne w infras tru c tu re. 

T h e   a c c e s s   a c t i v i t i e s   a s   s u c h   w e r e   n o t 
s u p p o r t e d   u n d e r   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e .   s o m e 
o f   t h e   f a c i l i t i e s   s t e m m i n g   f r o m   t h e   c n i 
p r o j e c t s   h a v e   b e e n   f u n d e d   b y   t h e   e u r o -
p e a n   co m m i s s i o n   u n d e r   f p7 ,   s u c h   a s   t h e 
ce n t re   fo r   i n t e g r a t e d   s t r u c t u r a l   B i o l o g y 
( c i s B ) .   w i t h i n   t h e   f p 7   p c u B e   p r o j e c t , 
a cce s s   i s   p rov i d e d   to   eu ro p e a n   re s e a rc h-
ers to ins tal l atio ns  con str uc ted  at cisB.

4  council Decision 2002/835/ec.

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4 3. (i )
T h e   r e g u l a t i o n s   o f   t h e   e u r o p e a n   pa r l i a-
ment and of the council on the struc tural 
fu n d s   a n d   t h e   co m m i s s i o n' s   i m p l e m e nt -
ing r egulations did not include a specific 
d e f i n i t i o n   o f   t h e   d i f fe r e n t   c a t e g o r i e s   o f 
expen diture. 

4 3. (i i–iii)
c o o r d i n a t i o n   a c t i o n   i s   t a k i n g   p l a c e 
u n d e r   f p7   t o   f a c i l i t a t e   t h e   u s e   o f   c o m-
p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d s.   s y s t e m a t i c   s c re e n i n g 
o f   p o t e n t i a l   f u n d i n g   o p p o r t u n i t i e s   f o r 
p ro j e c t s   o n   t h e   e s f r i  ro a d m a p   h a s   b e e n 
u n d e r t a k e n   by   D g  r e g i o.   co - f u n d i n g   by 
s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s   i s   u n d e r   c o n s i d e r a t i o n 
f o r   t h e   c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c -
t u r e s   i n   r e l e v a n t   c o u n t r i e s   f o r   s e v e r a l 
e s f r i  p r o j e c t s :   B Bm r i,   eLi,   Li f e wa Tc h, 
n euTr on es s a nd sp ir aL 2 .

42 .
i n f o r m a t i o n   a c t i o n s   a i m e d   a t   p o t e n t i a l 
b e n e f i c i a r i e s   o r g a n i s e d   b y   t h e   c o m m i s-
s i o n   a s   we l l   a s   by   t h e   r T D   na t i o n a l   co n-
tac t points regular ly pointed out the pos-
s i b i l i t y   o f   u s i n g   co m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g 
f r o m   t h e   e iB   a n d   t h e   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s . 
i t   s h o u l d   b e   n o t e d   t h a t   s i n c e   s t r u c t u r a l 
f u n d s   a r e   m a n a g e d   a t   n a t i o n a l   l e v e l , 
m e m b e r   s t a t e s   a n d   r e g i o n a l   a u t h o r i t i e s 
h a d   t h e   m a i n   r e s p o n s i b i l i t y   f o r   p r o v i d-
i n g   a p p ro p r i ate   i n fo r m at i o n   to   p o te nt i a l 
ben efic iar ies.

43 .
r esearch and struc tural funds have been 
better co ordinated s ince 20 07 . 

T h e   r e g u l a t i o n s   o f   t h e   e u r o p e a n   pa r l i a-
m e n t   a n d   o f   t h e   c o u n c i l   o n   t h e   s t r u c -
t u ra l   fu n d s   a n d   t h e   co m m i s s i o n' s   i m p l e -
m e n t i n g   r e g u l a t i o n s   a r e   t h e   b a s e l i n e 
d o c u m e n t s   f o r   u s i n g   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s . 
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n   o f   t h e   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s 
i s   d e c e n t r a l i s e d   a t   m e m b e r   s t a t e   l e v e l . 
i n   o r d e r   t o   f a c i l i t a t e   c o m p l e m e n t a r i t y 
o f   f u n d i n g ,   t h e   c o m m i s s i o n   i n v i t e d   t h e 
m e m b e r   s t a t e s   t o   i m p r o v e   t h e   a r r a n g e -
m e n t s   f o r   c o o r d i n a t e d   u s e   o f   f u n d i n g 
a n d,   i n   2 0 0 8 ,   p u b l i s h e d   a   pra c t i c a l   g u i d e 
t h a t   s h o u l d   c o n t r i b u t e   t o   a c h i e v i n g   t h i s 
objec tive.

a n   ex p e r t   gr o u p   o n   s y n e r g i e s   b e t w e e n 
r e s e a r c h ,   i n n o v a t i o n   a n d   c o h e s i o n 
po l i c i e s   ( a l s o   c o v e r i n g   t h e   f p 7   r e g i o n s 
o f   k n o w l e d g e   a n d   r e s e a r c h   p o t e n t i a l 
a c t i o n s )   i s   b e i n g   s e t   u p   i n   t h e   f i r s t   h a l f 
o f   2 0 1 0   w i t h   t h e   o b j e c t i v e   o f   m a k i n g 
c o n c r e t e   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   ( a )   o n   s y n-
e r g i e s   o f   a c t i o n   i n   t h e   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n 
o f   p o l i c i e s   fo r   t h e   re m a i n d e r   o f   t h e   c u r -
re n t   p ro gr a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( 2 0 0 7 – 1 3 )   a n d  
( b )   o n   s y n e r g i e s   o f   d e s i g n   o f   p o l i c i e s 
f o r   t h e   n e x t   p r o g r a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( f r o m 
2 0 1 4 ) .   T h e   e x p e r t   g r o u p ' s   r e p o r t   i s 
ex p e c te d   to   b e   d e l i ve re d   i n   t h e   f i r s t   h a l f 
of 2 011.

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CONClUSIONS AND  
RECOMMENDATIONS

44 . 
T h e   c n i  s u p p o r t   m a d e   i t   p o s s i b l e   t o 
u p g r a d e   t h e   f a c i l i t i e s   a s   p o i n t e d   o u t   b y 
the cour t. The commission considers that 
the  cn i  sc heme   s tar ted  the  p roce ss  lea d-
i n g   t o   t h e   c r e a t i o n   o f   n e w   f a c i l i t i e s   o f 
pan-euro pe an inte res t. 

46 . 
gi v e n   t h e   l i m i t e d   b u d g e t   ( l e s s   t h a n 
5 0  m i l l i o n   e u r o )   a l l o c a t e d   t o   t h e   i m p l e -
m e n t a t i o n   o f   t h e   c n i  s c h e m e ,   i t   c o u l d 
n o t   b e   e x p e c t e d   t h a t   t h i s   a c t i o n   w o u l d 
in itse l f resu l t in the co nst ru c tio n  of  n ew 
infrastruc tures. The objec tive was to pro -
v i d e   t h e   n e w   i n f ra s t r u c t u re s   w i t h   a   eu ro -
pean dimension. as such, the cni scheme 
is rather to be considered as a pilot exer-
c i s e   t h at   a l l owe d   t h e   co m m i s s i o n   to   b e t-
te r   d e f i n e   f u t u re   a c t i o n s   t h ro u g h   a   m o re 
strategic ap pro ach.

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Recommendatio n 1
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   h a s   a l r e a d y   r e c o n s i d-
e re d   t h e   s u p p o r t   fo r   co n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w 
re s e a rc h   i n f ra s t r u c t u re s.   D raw i n g   o n   t h e 
l e s s o n s   l e a r n t   f r o m   t h e   c n i  p r o j e c t s   a s 
a   p i l o t   e x p e r i e n c e ,   s u p p o r t   fo r   t h e   c o n-
struc tion of new infrastruc tures has been 
f u r t h e r   d e v e l o p e d   i n   f p 7   a n d   p u t   o n   a 
d i f fe re nt   fo o t i n g.  Th e   s u p p o r t   u n d e r  f p7 
is provided through a strategic top - down 
a p p r o a c h   b a s e d   o n   t h e   l i s t   o f   p r o j e c t s 
i d e n t i f i e d   i n   t h e   e s f r i  e u r o p e a n   r o a d-
m a p   f o r   n e w   r e s e a r c h   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s . 
T h i s   s u p p o r t   i s   i n t e n d e d   m a i n l y   f o r   t h e 
preparator y phas e.

T h e   a d d e d   v a l u e   a n d   c a t a l y t i c   i m p a c t 
o f   t h e   s u p p o r t   t h e r e b y   p r o v i d e d   fo r   t h e 
c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   i s 
a c k n o w l e d g e d   b y   m e m b e r   s t a t e s ,   i n 
co u n c i l   co n c l u s i o n s   re l at i n g   to   re s e a rc h 
in fra str uc t ures  an d the  e r a 5. 

T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   r e c o g n i s e s   t h e   i m p o r -
t a n c e   o f   c l e a r l y   d e f i n i n g   s c h e m e   o b j e c -
tives.

5  competitiveness council conclusions on ‘research 
infrastructures in the european research area’ of 22 may 2007; 

competitiveness council conclusions on ‘european research 

infrastructures and their regional dimension’ of 30 may 

2008; competitiveness council conclusions on the ‘research 

infrastructures and the regional dimension of the european 

research area (era)’ of 29 may 2009.

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47 . 
i n f o r m a t i o n   a c t i o n s   a i m e d   a t   p o t e n t i a l 
b e n e f i c i a r i e s   o r g a n i s e d   b y   t h e   c o m-
m i s s i o n   a s   w e l l   a s   b y   t h e   r T D   na t i o n a l 
c o n t a c t   p o i n t s   r e g u l a r l y   p o i n t e d   o u t 
t h e   p o s s i b i l i t y   o f   u s i n g   c o m p l e m e n t a r y 
f u n d i n g   f r o m   t h e   e i B   a n d   t h e   s t r u c t u r a l 
fu n d s .   si n c e   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s   a r e   m a n-
a g e d   a t   n a t i o n a l   l e v e l ,   m e m b e r   s t a t e s 
a n d   r e g i o n a l   a u t h o r i t i e s   h a d   t h e   m a i n 
re s p o n s i b i l i t y   fo r   p ro v i d i n g   a p p ro p r i a t e 
infor m atio n to  p otential b en efic iar i e s.

i t   s h o u l d   a l s o   b e   n o t e d   t h a t   t h e   u s e ,   i n 
f p6 ,   o f   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   f u n d i n g   f o r   t h e 
d e ve l o p m e n t   o f   n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u re s   w a s 
h i n d e r e d   b y   t h e   f a c t   t h a t   o p e r a t i o n a l 
p r o g r a m m e s   fo r   t h e   a l l o c a t i o n   o f   s t r u c -
t u r a l   f u n d s   h a d   a l r e a d y   b e e n   d e f i n e d 
since  20 00, b efore t he star t  o f f p6 .

Recom m en datio n 2
T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   a g r e e s   w i t h   t h e   c o u r t 
t h a t   t h e   b e n e f i t s   o f   u s i n g   c o m p l e m e n-
t a r y   f u n d i n g   s o u r c e s   s h o u l d   b e   m a d e 
c l e a r   to   p o te nt i a l   a p p l i c a nt s   a n d   f u r t h e r 
p ro m o te d.   si gn i f i c a nt   p ro gre s s   h a s   b e e n 
made  unde r f p7 .

T h e   c o m m i s s i o n   p u b l i s h e d ,   i n   2 0 0 8 ,   a 
p r a c t i c a l   gu i d e   t o   e u  f u n d i n g   o p p o r t u-
n i t i e s   f o r   r e s e a r c h   a n d   i n n o v a t i o n 6  a n d 
i n v i t e d   t h e   m e m b e r   s t a t e s   t o   i m p r o v e 
t h e   a r ra n g e m e nt s   fo r   co o rd i n ate d   u s e   o f 
funding.

6  competitive european regions Through research and 
innovation — practical guide to eu funding opportunities  

wo r k s h o p s   o n   t h e   re gi o n a l   d e ve l o p m e nt 
of research infrastruc tures have also been 
o r g a n i s e d   u n d e r   t h e   sl o v e n i a n   a n d   t h e 
c zec h p resid encies 7. 

f u r t h e r m o r e ,   s y s t e m a t i c   s c r e e n i n g   o f 
p o t e n t i a l   f u n d i n g   o p p o r t u n i t i e s   f o r 
p ro j e c t s   o n   t h e   e s f r i  ro a d m a p   h a s   b e e n 
u n d e r t a k e n   b y   D g  r e g i o .   a s   a   r e s u l t , 
c o - f u n d i n g   b y   s t r u c t u r a l   fu n d s   i s   u n d e r 
c o n s i d e r a t i o n   f o r   t h e   c o n s t r u c t i o n   o f 
n e w   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s   f o r   s e v e r a l   e s f r i 
projec ts. 

T h e   p o s s i b i l i t y   o f   l o a n s   p ro v i d e d   b y   t h e 
e i B   i s   a l s o   b e i n g   e x p l o r e d ,   t h r o u g h   t h e 
r i s k -s h a r i n g   f i n a n c e   fa c i l i t y   ( r s f f )   o r 
n o r m a l   l o a n s :   s e v e r a l   p r o j e c t s   a r e   c u r -
rently under negotiation, including esfri 
projec ts.

f u r t h e r   d e v e l o p m e n t s   w i l l   b e   c o n s i d-
e re d   i n   t h e   l i g ht   o f   a   re p o r t   by   a n   ex p e r t 
gr o u p   o n   s y n e r g i e s   b e t w e e n   r e s e a r c h , 
i n n ov a t i o n   a n d   co h e s i o n   po l i c i e s   t h a t   i s 
being set up in 2010 with the objec tive of 
mak ing concrete recommendations (a)  on 
s y n e r g i e s   o f   a c t i o n   i n   t h e   i m p l e m e n t a-
t i o n   o f   p o l i c i e s   fo r   t h e   re m a i n d e r   o f   t h e 
c u r r e n t   p r o g r a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( 2 0 0 7 – 1 3 ) 
and (b) on synergies of design of policies 
f o r   t h e   n e x t   p r o g r a m m i n g   p e r i o d   ( f r o m 
2 01 4) .

7  research infrastructures and their structuring Dimension 
within the european research area (infrastructure-era),  

5–6 march 2008, Brdo, slovenia; research infrastructures and 

for research and innovation — 2008, available at:  

the regional dimension of era (ric 2009), 24–25 march 2009, 

http://cordis.europa.eu/eu-funding-guide/home_en.html

prague, czech republic.

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

special r eport no 2/2010 – The effectiveness of the Design s tudies and construction of new i nfrastructures support schemes under the sixth f ramework programme for r esearch

european court of auditors

Special Report No 2/2010

The effectiveness of the Design Studies and Construction of New Infrastructures Support scheme  

under the Sixth framework Programme for Research

Luxembourg: publications office of the european union

2010 — 37 pp. — 21 × 29.7 cm

isBn 978-92-9207-705-1

doi:10.2865/88479

how to obtain EU publications

free publications:

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via	EU	Bookshop	(http://bookshop.europa.eu);

	at	the	European	Union’s	representations	or	delegations.	You	can	obtain	their	contact	details	 
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