2010/335/: Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC (notified under document C(2010) 3751)
Date: 2010-06-10
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: carbon, energy storage, greenhouse gas, land use, storage of hydrocarbons




L_2010151EN.01001901.xml










17.6.2010   


EN


Official Journal of the European Union


L 151/19








            COMMISSION DECISION
         
of 10 June 2010
         
on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC
(notified under document C(2010) 3751)
(2010/335/EU)


THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,


Having regard to Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (1), and in particular Annex V, part C, point 10 thereof,

Whereas:







(1)


Directive 2009/28/EC lays down rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators, which take into account emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change. Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC (2) includes corresponding rules as far as biofuels are concerned.












(2)


The Commission should draw its guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks on the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Those Guidelines were intended for national greenhouse gas inventories and are not expressed in a form that is readily applicable by economic operators. It is therefore appropriate, where IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories lack the necessary information for purposes of biofuel and bioliquid production or where such information is not accessible, to draw on other scientific sources of data.












(3)


For the calculation of the carbon stocks in soil organic matter it is appropriate to take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and input. For mineral soils, the IPCC Tier 1 methodology for soil organic carbon is an appropriate method to use for this purpose as it covers the global level. For organic soils, the IPCC methodology addresses in particular carbon loss following soil drainage and does this only through annual losses. As soil drainage normally results in high carbon stock loss that cannot be compensated by the greenhouse gas saving of biofuels or bioliquids and as drainage of peatland soil is prohibited by the sustainability criteria laid down by Directive 2009/28/EC, it suffices to lay down general rules for determining soil organic carbon or carbon losses in organic soils.












(4)


For the calculation of carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter a low complexity approach corresponding to IPCC Tier 1 methodology for vegetation should be an appropriate method. In accordance with that methodology it is reasonable to assume that all carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter is lost from the land upon conversion. Dead organic matter is usually of low significance in land conversion for the establishment of crops for the production of biofuels and bioliquids, but should be taken into account at least for closed forests.












(5)


In calculating the greenhouse gas impact of land conversion, economic operators should be able to use actual values for the carbon stocks associated with the reference land use and the land use after conversion. They should also be able to use standard values and it is appropriate for these guidelines to provide them. It is not necessary, however, to provide standard values for improbable combinations of climate and soil type.












(6)


Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC sets out the method for calculating greenhouse gas impacts and contains rules for the calculation of annualised emissions of carbon stock changes from land use changes. The guidelines annexed to this Decision establish rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, completing the rules laid down in the Annex V,





HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:



Article 1
The guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC are set out in the Annex to this Decision.


Article 2
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.




Done at Brussels, 10 June 2010.


For the Commission

Günther OETTINGER
            

Member of the Commission






(1)  
            OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16.

(2)  
            OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58.




ANNEX

Guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC


TABLE OF CONTENTS








1.

Introduction
21










2.

Consistent representation of land carbon stocks
22










3.

Calculation of carbon stocks
22










4.

Soil organic carbon stock
23










5.

Above and below ground vegetation carbon stock
23










6.

Standard soil carbon stock in mineral soils
25










7.

Factors reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon compared to the standard soil organic carbon
26










8.

Carbon stock values for above and below ground vegetation carbon stock
33



1.   INTRODUCTION
These guidelines establish the rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, both for the reference land use (CSR
, as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC) and the actual land use (CSA
, as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC).
In point 2 rules are provided in order that land carbon stocks are consistently determined. Point 3 provides the general rule for the calculation of carbon stocks, which consist of two components: soil organic carbon and carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation.
Point 4 provides detailed rules for determining the soil organic carbon stock. For mineral soils it provides the option of following a method that allows the use of values provided for in the guidelines, while the option of using alternative methods is also provided for. For organic soils methods are described, but the guidelines do not contain values for determining soil organic carbon stock in organic soils.
Point 5 provides detailed rules for carbon stock in vegetation, but is only relevant in the case the choice is made not to use values for above and below ground vegetation carbon stock provided in point 8 of the guidelines (the use of the values provided in point 8 is not obligatory and for certain cases it may not contain the appropriate values).
Point 6 provides the rules to select the appropriate values in case the choice is made to use the guidelines’ values related to soil organic carbon in mineral soils (these values are provided in points 6 and 7). In these rules reference is made to data layers on climate regions and soil type available through the online Transparency platform established by Directive 2009/28/EC. Those data layers are detailed layers underlying figures 1 and 2 below.
Point 8 provides values for carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation and related parameters. Points 7 and 8 provide values for four different land use categories: cropland, perennial crops, grassland and forest land.

Figure 1


Climate regions




Legend




Legend: 1 = Tropical, montane; 2 = Tropical, wet; 3 = Tropical, moist, 4 = Tropical, dry; 5 = Warm temperate, moist; 6 = Warm temperate, dry; 7 = Cool temperate, moist; 8 = Cool temperate, dry; 9 = Boreal, moist; 10 = Boreal, dry; 11 = Polar, moist; 12 = Polar, dry.

Figure 2


Geographic distribution of soil types




Legend




Legend: 1 = Organic; 2 = Sandy Soils; 3 = Wetland Soils; 4 = Volcanic Soils; 5 = Spodic Soils; 6 = High Activity Clay Soils; 7 = Low Activity Clay Soils; 8 = Other Areas.
2.   CONSISTENT REPRESENTATION OF LAND CARBON STOCKS
For determining the carbon stock per unit area associated with CSR
 and CSA
 the following rules shall apply:






(1)


the area for which the land carbon stocks are calculated shall for the entire area have similar:






(a)


biophysical conditions in terms of climate and soil type;










(b)


management history in terms of tillage;










(c)


input history in terms of carbon input to soil.














(2)


the carbon stock of the actual land use, CSA
, shall be taken as:






—


in the case of loss of carbon stock: the estimated equilibrium carbon stock that the land will reach in its new use,










—


in the case of carbon stock accumulation: the estimated carbon stock after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier.








3.   CALCULATION OF CARBON STOCKS
For the calculation of CSR
 and CSA
 the following rule shall apply:

CSi
 = (SOC + CVEG
) × A

where:

CSI
= the carbon stock per unit area associated with the land use i (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation);

SOC= soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 4;

CVEG
= above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5 or selected from the appropriate values in point 8;

A= factor scaling to the area concerned (measured as hectares per unit area).
4.   SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCK
4.1.   Mineral soils

For the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used:

SOC = SOCST
 × FLU
 × FMG
 × FI


where:

SOC= soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

SOCST
= standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

FLU
= land use factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the type of land use compared to the standard soil organic carbon;

FMG
= management factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the principle management practice compared to the standard soil organic carbon;

FI
= input factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with different levels of carbon input to soil compared to the standard soil organic carbon.
For SOCST
 the appropriate values presented in point 6 shall apply.
For FLU
, FMG
 and FI
 the appropriate values presented in point 7 shall apply.
As an alternative to using the above rule, other appropriate methods, including measurements, may be used to determine SOC. As far as such methods are not based on measurements, they shall take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and inputs.
4.2.   Organic soils (histosols)

For determining SOC, appropriate methods shall be used. Such methods shall take into account the entire depth of the organic soil layer as well as climate, land cover and land management and input. Such methods may include measurements.
Where carbon stock affected by soil drainage is concerned, losses of carbon following drainage shall be taken into account by appropriate methods. Such methods may be based on annual losses of carbon following drainage.
5.   ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK
Except where a value for CVEG
 set out in point 8 is used, for the calculation of CVEG
 the following rule shall apply:

CVEG
 = CBM
 + CDOM


where:

CVEG
= above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

CBM
= above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1;

CDOM
= above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.
For CDOM
 the value of 0 may be used, except in the case of forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover.
5.1.   Living biomass

For the calculation of CBM
 the following rule shall apply:

CBM
 = CAGB
 + CBGB


where:

CBM
= above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

CAGB
= above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.1;

CBGB
= below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.2.
5.1.1.   Above ground living biomass

For the calculation of CAGB
 the following rule shall apply:

CAGB
 = BAGB
 × CFB


where:

CAGB
= above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

BAGB
= weight of above ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

CFB
= carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BAGB
 shall be the average weight of the above ground living biomass during the production cycle.
For CFB
 the value of 0,47 may be used.
5.1.2.   Below ground living biomass

For the calculation of CBGB
 one of the following two rules shall be used:






(1)



CBGB
 = BBGB
 × CFB


where:

CBGB
= below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

BBGB
= weight of below ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

CFB
= carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BBGB
 shall be the average weight of the below ground living biomass during the production cycle.
For CFB
 the value of 0,47 may be used.










(2)



CBGB
 = CAGB
 × R

where:

CBGB
= below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

CAGB
= above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

R= ratio of below ground carbon stock in living biomass to above ground carbon stock in living biomass.
Appropriate values for R set out in point 8 may be used.




5.2.   Dead organic matter

For the calculation of CDOM
 the following rule shall apply:

CDOM
 = CDW
 + CLI


where:

CDOM
= above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

CDW
= carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.1;

CLI
= carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.2.
5.2.1.   Carbon stock in dead wood pool

For the calculation of CDW
 the following rule shall apply:

CDW
 = DOMDW
 × CFDW


where:

CDW
= carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

DOMDW
= weight of dead wood pool (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

CFDW
= carbon fraction of dry matter in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For CFDW
 the value of 0,5 may be used.
5.2.2.   Carbon stock in litter

For the calculation of CLI
 the following rule shall apply:

CLI
 = DOMLI
 × CFLI


where:

CLI
= carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);

DOMLI
= weight of litter (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);

CFLI
= carbon fraction of dry matter in litter (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For CFLI
 the value of 0,4 may be used.
6.   STANDARD SOIL CARBON STOCK IN MINERAL SOILS
A value for SOCST
 shall be selected from table 1, based on the appropriate climate region and soil type of the area concerned as set out in points 6.1 and 6.2.

Table 1


SOCST, standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer












(tonnes of carbon per hectare)




Climate Region


Soil type




 


High activity clay soils


Low activity clay soils


Sandy soils


Spodic soils


Volcanic soils


Wetland soils




Boreal


68 


—


10 


117 


20 


146 




Cold temperate, dry


50 


33 


34 


—


20 


87 




Cold temperate, moist


95 


85 


71 


115 


130 


87 




Warm temperate, dry


38 


24 


19 


—


70 


88 




Warm temperate, moist


88 


63 


34 


—


80 


88 




Tropical, dry


38 


35 


31 


—


50 


86 




Tropical, moist


65 


47 


39 


—


70 


86 




Tropical, wet


44 


60 


66 


—


130 


86 




Tropical, montane


88 


63 


34 


—


80 


86 




6.1.   Climate region

The appropriate climate region for the selection of the appropriate value for SOCST
 shall be determined from the climate region data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC.
6.2.   Soil type

The appropriate soil type shall be determined according to figure 3. The soil type data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC may be used as guidance to determine the appropriate soil type.

Figure 3


Classification of soil types




7.   FACTORS REFLECTING THE DIFFERENCE IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON COMPARED TO THE STANDARD SOIL ORGANIC CARBON
Appropriate values for FLU
, FMG
 and FI
 shall be selected from tables in this point. For the calculation of CSR
 the appropriate management and input factors are those that were applied in January 2008. For the calculation of CSA
 the appropriate management and input factors are those that are being applied and will lead to the equilibrium carbon stock concerned.
7.1.   Cropland


Table 2


Factors for cropland












Climate region


Land use
(FLU
)


Management
(FMG
)


Input
(FI
)



FLU





FMG





FI






Temperate/Boreal, dry


Cultivated


Full-tillage


Low


0,8 


1 


0,95 




Medium


0,8 


1 


1 




High with manure


0,8 


1 


1,37 




High without manure


0,8 


1 


1,04 




Reduced tillage


Low


0,8 


1,02 


0,95 




Medium


0,8 


1,02 


1 




High with manure


0,8 


1,02 


1,37 




High without manure


0,8 


1,02 


1,04 




No till


Low


0,8 


1,1 


0,95 




Medium


0,8 


1,1 


1 




High with manure


0,8 


1,1 


1,37 




High without manure


0,8 


1,1 


1,04 




Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet


Cultivated


Full-tillage


Low


0,69 


1 


0,92 




Medium


0,69 


1 


1 




High with manure


0,69 


1 


1,44 




High without manure


0,69 


1 


1,11 




Reduced tillage


Low


0,69 


1,08 


0,92 




Medium


0,69 


1,08 


1 




High with manure


0,69 


1,08 


1,44 




High without manure


0,69 


1,08 


1,11 




No till


Low


0,69 


1,15 


0,92 




Medium


0,69 


1,15 


1 




High with manure


0,69 


1,15 


1,44 




High without manure


0,69 


1,15 


1,11 




Tropical, dry


Cultivated


Full-tillage


Low


0,58 


1 


0,95 




Medium


0,58 


1 


1 




High with manure


0,58 


1 


1,37 




High without manure


0,58 


1 


1,04 




Reduced tillage


Low


0,58 


1,09 


0,95 




Medium


0,58 


1,09 


1 




High with manure


0,58 


1,09 


1,37 




High without manure


0,58 


1,09 


1,04 




No till


Low


0,58 


1,17 


0,95 




Medium


0,58 


1,17 


1 




High with manure


0,58 


1,17 


1,37 




High without manure


0,58 


1,17 


1,04 




Tropical, moist/wet


Cultivated


Full-tillage


Low


0,48 


1 


0,92 




Medium


0,48 


1 


1 




High with manure


0,48 


1 


1,44 




High without manure


0,48 


1 


1,11 




Reduced tillage


Low


0,48 


1,15 


0,92 




Medium


0,48 


1,15 


1 




High with manure


0,48 


1,15 


1,44 




High without manure


0,48 


1,15 


1,11 




No till


Low


0,48 


1,22 


0,92 




Medium


0,48 


1,22 


1 




High with manure


0,48 


1,22 


1,44 




High without manure


0,48 


1,22 


1,11 




Tropical Montane


Cultivated


Full-tillage


Low


0,64 


1 


0,94 




Medium


0,64 


1 


1 




High with manure


0,64 


1 


1,41 




High without manure


0,64 


1 


1,08 




Reduced tillage


Low


0,64 


1,09 


0,94 




Medium


0,64 


1,09 


1 




High with manure


0,64 


1,09 


1,41 




High without manure


0,64 


1,09 


1,08 




No till


Low


0,64 


1,16 


0,94 




Medium


0,64 


1,16 


1 




High with manure


0,64 


1,16 


1,41 




High without manure


0,64 


1,16 


1,08 




Table 3 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Tables 2 and 4.

Table 3


Guidance on management and input for cropland and perennial crops







Management/Input


Guidance




Full-tillage


Substantial soil disturbance with full inversion and/or frequent (within year) tillage operations. At planting time, little (e.g. < 30 %) of the surface is covered by residues.




Reduced tillage


Primary and/or secondary tillage but with reduced soil disturbance (usually shallow and without full soil inversion) and normally leaves surface with > 30 % coverage by residues at planting.




No till


Direct seeding without primary tillage, with only minimal soil disturbance in the seeding zone. Herbicides are typically used for weed control.




Low


Low residue return occurs when there is due to removal of residues (via collection or burning), frequent bare-fallowing, production of crops yielding low residues (e.g. vegetables, tobacco, cotton), no mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crops.




Medium


Representative for annual cropping with cereals where all crop residues are returned to the field. If residues are removed then supplemental organic matter (e.g. manure) is added. Also requires mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation.




High with manure


Represents significantly higher carbon input over medium carbon input cropping systems due to an additional practice of regular addition of animal manure.




High without manure


Represents significantly greater crop residue inputs over medium carbon input cropping systems due to additional practices, such as production of high residue yielding crops, use of green manures, cover crops, improved vegetated fallows, irrigation, frequent use of perennial grasses in annual crop rotations, but without manure applied (see row above).




7.2.   Perennial crops


Table 4


Factors for perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm












Climate region


Land use
(FLU
)


Management
(FMG
)


Input
(FI
)



FLU





FMG





FI






Temperate/Boreal, dry


Perennial crop


Full-tillage


Low


1 


1 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1 


1,04 




Reduced tillage


Low


1 


1,02 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1,02 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,02 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1,02 


1,04 




No till


Low


1 


1,1 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1,1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,1 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1,1 


1,04 




Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet


Perennial crop


Full-tillage


Low


1 


1 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1 


1,11 




Reduced tillage


Low


1 


1,08 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1,08 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,08 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1,08 


1,11 




No till


Low


1 


1,15 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1,15 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,15 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1,15 


1,11 




Tropical, dry


Perennial crop


Full-tillage


Low


1 


1 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1 


1,04 




Reduced tillage


Low


1 


1,09 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1,09 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,09 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1,09 


1,04 




No till


Low


1 


1,17 


0,95 




Medium


1 


1,17 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,17 


1,37 




High without manure


1 


1,17 


1,04 




Tropical, moist/wet


Perennial crop


Full-tillage


Low


1 


1 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1 


1,11 




Reduced tillage


Low


1 


1,15 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1,15 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,15 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1,15 


1,11 




No till


Low


1 


1,22 


0,92 




Medium


1 


1,22 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,22 


1,44 




High without manure


1 


1,22 


1,11 




Tropical Montane


Perennial crop


Full-tillage


Low


1 


1 


0,94 




Medium


1 


1 


1 




High with manure


1 


1 


1,41 




High without manure


1 


1 


1,08 




Reduced tillage


Low


1 


1,09 


0,94 




Medium


1 


1,09 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,09 


1,41 




High without manure


1 


1,09 


1,08 




No till


Low


1 


1,16 


0,94 




Medium


1 


1,16 


1 




High with manure


1 


1,16 


1,41 




High without manure


1 


1,16 


1,08 




Table 3 in point 7.1 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 4.
7.3.   Grassland


Table 5


Factors for grassland, including savannahs












Climate region


Land Use
(FLU
)


Management
(FMG
)


Input
(FI
)



FLU





FMG





FI






Temperate/Boreal, dry


Grassland


Improved


Medium


1 


1,14 


1 




High


1 


1,14 


1,11 




Nominally managed


Medium


1 


1 


1 




Moderately degraded


Medium


1 


0,95 


1 




Severely degraded


Medium


1 


0,7 


1 




Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet


Grassland


Improved


Medium


1 


1,14 


1 




High


1 


1,14 


1,11 




Nominally managed


Medium


1 


1 


1 




Moderately degraded


Medium


1 


0,95 


1 




Severely degraded


Medium


1 


0,7 


1 




Tropical, dry


Grassland


Improved


Medium


1 


1,17 


1 




High


1 


1,17 


1,11 




Nominally managed


Medium


1 


1 


1 




Moderately degraded


Medium


1 


0,97 


1 




Severely degraded


Medium


1 


0,7 


1 




Tropical, moist/wet


Savannah


Improved


Medium


1 


1,17 


1 




High


1 


1,17 


1,11 




Nominally managed


Medium


1 


1 


1 




Moderately degraded


Medium


1 


0,97 


1 




Severely degraded


Medium


1 


0,7 


1 




Tropical Montane, dry


Grassland


Improved


Medium


1 


1,16 


1 




High


1 


1,16 


1,11 




Nominally managed


Medium


1 


1 


1 




Moderately degraded


Medium


1 


0,96 


1 




Severely degraded


Medium


1 


0,7 


1 




Table 6 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 5.

Table 6


Guidance on management and input for grassland







Management/Input


Guidance




Improved


Represents grassland which is sustainably managed with moderate grazing pressure and that receive at least one improvement (e.g. fertilisation, species improvement, irrigation).




Nominally managed


Represents non-degraded and sustainably managed grassland, but without significant management improvements.




Moderately degraded


Represents overgrazed or moderately degraded grassland, with somewhat reduced productivity (relative to the native or nominally managed grassland) and receiving no management inputs.




Severely degraded


Implies major long-term loss of productivity and vegetation cover, due to severe mechanical damage to the vegetation and/or severe soil erosion.




Medium


Applies where no additional management inputs have been used.




High


Applies to improved grassland where one or more additional management inputs/improvements have been used (beyond that is required to be classified as improved grassland).




7.4.   Forest land


Table 7


Factors for forest land having at least 10 % canopy cover












Climate region


Land use
(FLU
)


Management
(FMG
)


Input
(FI
)



FLU





FMG





FI






All


Native forest (non-degraded)


n/a (*1)



n/a


1 


 


 




All


Managed forest


All


All


1 


1 


1 




Tropical, moist/dry


Shifting cultivation-shortened fallow


n/a


n/a


0,64 


 


 




Shifting cultivation-mature fallow


n/a


n/a


0,8 


 


 




Temperate/Boreal, moist/dry


Shifting cultivation-shortened fallow


n/a


n/a


1 


 


 




Shifting cultivation-mature fallow


n/a


n/a


1 


 


 




Table 8 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 7.

Table 8


Guidance on land use for forest land







Land use


Guidance




Native forest
(non-degraded)


Represents native or long-term, non-degraded and sustainably managed forest.




Shifting cultivation


Permanent shifting cultivation, where tropical forest or woodland is cleared for planting of annual crops for a short time (e.g. 3-5 years) period and then abandoned to regrowth.




Mature fallow


Represents situations where the forest vegetation recovers to a mature or near mature state prior to being cleared again for cropland use.




Shortened fallow


Represents situations where the forest vegetation recovery is not attained prior to reclearing.




8.   CARBON STOCK VALUES FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK
For CVEG
 or R the appropriate values laid down in this point may be used.
8.1.   Cropland


Table 9


Vegetation values for cropland (general)







Climate region



CVEG


(tonnes carbon/hectare)




All


0 








Table 10


Vegetation values for sugar cane (specific)










Domain


Climate region


Ecological zone


Continent



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




Tropical


Tropical dry


Tropical dry forest


Africa


4,2 




Asia (continental, insular)


4 




Tropical scrubland


Asia (continental, insular)


4 




Tropical moist


Tropical moist deciduous forest


Africa


4,2 




Central and South America


5 




Tropical wet


Tropical rain forest


Asia (continental, insular)


4 




Central and South America


5 




Subtropical


Warm temperate dry


Subtropical steppe


North America


4,8 




Warm temperate moist


Subtropical humid forest


Central and South America


5 




North America


4,8 




8.2.   Perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm


Table 11


Vegetation values for perennial crops (general)







Climate region



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




Temperate (all moisture regimes)


43,2 




Tropical, dry


6,2 




Tropical, moist


14,4 




Tropical, wet


34,3 








Table 12


Vegetation values for specific perennial crops








Climate region


Crop type



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




All


Coconuts


75 




Jatropha


17,5 




Jojoba


2,4 




Oil palm


60 




8.3.   Grassland


Table 13


Vegetation values for grassland — excluding scrubland (general)







Climate region



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




Boreal — Dry & Wet


4,3 




Cool Temperate — Dry


3,3 




Cool Temperate — Wet


6,8 




Warm Temperate — Dry


3,1 




Warm Temperate — Wet


6,8 




Tropical — Dry


4,4 




Tropical — Moist & Wet


8,1 








Table 14


Vegetation values for Miscanthus (specific)










Domain


Climate region


Ecological zone


Continent



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




Subtropical


Warm temperate dry


Subtropical dry forest


Europe


10 




North America


14,9 




Subtropical steppe


North America


14,9 








Table 15


Vegetation values for scrubland, namely land with vegetation composed largely of woody plants lower than 5 meter not having clear physiognomic aspects of trees








Domain


Continent



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)




Tropical


Africa


46 




North and South America


53 




Asia (continental)


39 




Asia (insular)


46 




Australia


46 




Subtropical


Africa


43 




North and South America


50 




Asia (continental)


37 




Europe


37 




Asia (insular)


43 




Temperate


Global


7,4 




8.4.   Forest land


Table 16


Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having between 10 % and 30 % canopy cover










Domain


Ecological zone


Continent



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)



R





Tropical


Tropical rain forest


Africa


40 


0,37 




North and South America


39 


0,37 




Asia (continental)


36 


0,37 




Asia (insular)


45 


0,37 




Tropical moist forest


Africa


30 


0,24 




North and South America


26 


0,24 




Asia (continental)


21 


0,24 




Asia (insular)


34 


0,24 




Tropical dry forest


Africa


14 


0,28 




North and South America


25 


0,28 




Asia (continental)


16 


0,28 




Asia (insular)


19 


0,28 




Tropical mountain systems


Africa


13 


0,24 




North and South America


17 


0,24 




Asia (continental)


16 


0,24 




Asia (insular)


26 


0,28 




Subtropical


Subtropical humid forest


North and South America


26 


0,28 




Asia (continental)


22 


0,28 




Asia (insular)


35 


0,28 




Subtropical dry forest


Africa


17 


0,28 




North and South America


26 


0,32 




Asia (continental)


16 


0,32 




Asia (insular)


20 


0,32 




Subtropical steppe


Africa


9 


0,32 




North and South America


10 


0,32 




Asia (continental)


7 


0,32 




Asia (insular)


9 


0,32 




Temperate


Temperate oceanic forest


Europe


14 


0,27 




North America


79 


0,27 




New Zealand


43 


0,27 




South America


21 


0,27 




Temperate continental forest


Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)


2 


0,27 




Asia, Europe (> 20 y)


14 


0,27 




North and South America (≤ 20 y)


7 


0,27 




North and South America (> 20 y)


16 


0,27 




Temperate mountain systems


Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)


12 


0,27 




Asia, Europe (> 20 y)


16 


0,27 




North and South America (≤ 20 y)


6 


0,27 




North and South America (> 20 y)


6 


0,27 




Boreal


Boreal coniferous forest


Asia, Europe, North America


12 


0,24 




Boreal tundra woodland


Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)


0 


0,24 




Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)


2 


0,24 




Boreal mountain systems


Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)


2 


0,24 




Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)


6 


0,24 








Table 17


Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover









Domain


Ecological zone


Continent



CVEG
 (tonnes carbon per hectare)




Tropical


Tropical rain forest


Africa


204 




North and South America


198 




Asia (continental)


185 




Asia (insular)


230 




Tropical moist deciduous forest


Africa


156 




North and South America


133 




Asia (continental)


110 




Asia (insular)


174 




Tropical dry forest


Africa


77 




North and South America


131 




Asia (continental)


83 




Asia (insular)


101 




Tropical mountain systems


Africa


77 




North and South America


94 




Asia (continental)


88 




Asia (insular)


130 




Subtropical


Subtropical humid forest


North and South America


132 




Asia (continental)


109 




Asia (insular)


173 




Subtropical dry forest


Africa


88 




North and South America


130 




Asia (continental)


82 




Asia (insular)


100 




Subtropical steppe


Africa


46 




North and South America


53 




Asia (continental)


41 




Asia (insular)


47 




Temperate


Temperate oceanic forest


Europe


84 




North America


406 




New Zealand


227 




South America


120 




Temperate continental forest


Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)


27 




Asia, Europe (> 20 y)


87 




North and South America (≤ 20 y)


51 




North and South America (> 20 y)


93 




Temperate mountain systems


Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)


75 




Asia, Europe (> 20 y)


93 




North and South America (≤ 20 y)


45 




North and South America (> 20 y)


93 




Boreal


Boreal coniferous forest


Asia, Europe, North America


53 




Boreal tundra woodland


Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)


26 




Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)


35 




Boreal mountain systems


Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)


32 




Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)


53 








Table 18


Vegetation values for forest plantations










Domain


Ecological zone


Continent



CVEG


(tonnes carbon per hectare)



R





Tropical


Tropical rain forest


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


87 


0,24 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


29 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


58 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


17 


0,24 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


58 


0,24 




Americas Pinus sp.


87 


0,24 




Americas Tectona grandis



70 


0,24 




Americas other broadleaf


44 


0,24 




Asia broadleaf


64 


0,24 




Asia other


38 


0,24 




Tropical moist deciduous forest


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


44 


0,24 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


23 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


35 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


12 


0,24 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


26 


0,24 




Americas Pinus sp.


79 


0,24 




Americas Tectona grandis



35 


0,24 




Americas other broadleaf


29 


0,24 




Asia broadleaf


52 


0,24 




Asia other


29 


0,24 




Tropical dry forest


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


21 


0,28 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


9 


0,28 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


18 


0,28 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


6 


0,28 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


27 


0,28 




Americas Pinus sp.


33 


0,28 




Americas Tectona grandis



27 


0,28 




Americas other broadleaf


18 


0,28 




Asia broadleaf


27 


0,28 




Asia other


18 


0,28 




Tropical shrubland


Africa broadleaf


6 


0,27 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


6 


0,27 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


4 


0,27 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


18 


0,27 




Americas Pinus sp.


18 


0,27 




Americas Tectona grandis



15 


0,27 




Americas other broadleaf


9 


0,27 




Asia broadleaf


12 


0,27 




Asia other


9 


0,27 




Tropical mountain systems


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


31 


0,24 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


20 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


19 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


7 


0,24 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


22 


0,24 




Americas Pinus sp.


29 


0,24 




Americas Tectona grandis



23 


0,24 




Americas other broadleaf


16 


0,24 




Asia broadleaf


28 


0,24 




Asia other


15 


0,24 




Subtropical


Subtropical humid forest


Americas Eucalyptus sp.


42 


0,28 




Americas Pinus sp.


81 


0,28 




Americas Tectona grandis



36 


0,28 




Americas other broadleaf


30 


0,28 




Asia broadleaf


54 


0,28 




Asia other


30 


0,28 




Subtropical dry forest


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


21 


0,28 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


9 


0,32 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


19 


0,32 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


6 


0,32 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


34 


0,32 




Americas Pinus sp.


34 


0,32 




Americas Tectona grandis



28 


0,32 




Americas other broadleaf


19 


0,32 




Asia broadleaf


28 


0,32 




Asia other


19 


0,32 




Subtropical steppe


Africa broadleaf


6 


0,32 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


6 


0,32 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


5 


0,32 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


19 


0,32 




Americas Pinus sp.


19 


0,32 




Americas Tectona grandis



16 


0,32 




Americas other broadleaf


9 


0,32 




Asia broadleaf > 20 y


25 


0,32 




Asia broadleaf ≤ 20 y


3 


0,32 




Asia coniferous > 20 y


6 


0,32 




Asia coniferous ≤ 20 y


34 


0,32 




Subtropical mountain systems


Africa broadleaf > 20 y


31 


0,24 




Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y


20 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y


19 


0,24 




Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y


7 


0,24 




Americas Eucalyptus sp.


22 


0,24 




Americas Pinus sp.


34 


0,24 




Americas Tectona grandis



23 


0,24 




Americas other broadleaf


16 


0,24 




Asia broadleaf


28 


0,24 




Asia other


15 


0,24 




Temperate


Temperate oceanic forest


Asia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y


60 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y


9 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y


60 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y


12 


0,27 




North America


52 


0,27 




New Zealand


75 


0,27 




South America


31 


0,27 




Temperate continental forest and mountain systems


Asia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y


60 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y


4 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y


52 


0,27 




Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y


7 


0,27 




North America


52 


0,27 




South America


31 


0,27 




Boreal


Boreal coniferous forest and mountain systems


Asia, Europe > 20 y


12 


0,24 




Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y


1 


0,24 




North America


13 


0,24 




Boreal tundra woodland


Asia, Europe > 20 y


7 


0,24 




Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y


1 


0,24 




North America


7 


0,24 






(*1)  n/a = not applicable; in these cases FMG
 and FI
 shall not apply and for the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used: SOC = SOCST
 × FLU
.