Accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Taking stock of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2009 Sectoral Progress Report {COM(2010) 207 final} {SEC(2010) 514 final} {SEC(2010) 515 final} {SEC(2010) 516 final} {SEC(2010) 517 final} {SEC(2010) 518 final} {SEC(2010) 519 final} {SEC(2010) 520 final} {SEC(2010) 521 final} {SEC(2010) 522 final} {SEC(2010) 523 final} {SEC(2010) 524 final} {SEC(2010) 525 final}
Date: 2010-05-04
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: European neighbourhood policy, democracy, economic integration, energy policy, environmental protection, geographical mobility, human rights, legal system, political cooperation, report, settlement of disputes

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Brussels, 12.5.2010 
SEC(2010) 513 final 

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 

Accompanying the 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION  
TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 
Taking stock of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) 

Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2009 
Sectoral Progress Report 

{COM(2010) 207 final} 
{SEC(2010) 514 final} 
{SEC(2010) 515 final} 
{SEC(2010) 516 final} 
{SEC(2010) 517 final} 
{SEC(2010) 518 final} 
{SEC(2010) 519 final} 
{SEC(2010) 520 final} 
{SEC(2010) 521 final} 
{SEC(2010) 522 final} 
{SEC(2010) 523 final} 
{SEC(2010) 524 final} 
{SEC(2010) 525 final} 

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Introduction 

The  current  financial  and  economic  crisis  is  the  most  severe  experienced  in  several 
generations.  It  has  impacted  the  real  economy  in  the  EU  and  its  partner  countries  in  its 
neighbourhood  through  tighter  credit  conditions,  collapsing  confidence,  and  a  sharp 
contraction in global demand and trade and, subsequently, in economic growth. This has led 
to  a  slump  in  investment  activity  and  a  sharp  drop  in  output  and  capacity  utilisation, 
particularly  in  manufacturing  and  construction.  The  depth  and  global  nature  of  the  crisis 
undermined  otherwise  viable  and  competitive  businesses,  thus  leading  to  massive  un-
employment, while leaving the most vulnerable populations particularly exposed. 

Many  of  the  countries  covered  by  the  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  are  amongst  the 
emerging economies hardest hit by the global recession. After a sharp contraction across the 
region in 2009 in general, only a fragile and patchy recovery is expected in 2010 and some 
economies may continue to shrink this year. 

Nonetheless, while the crisis has slowed down the reform momentum in the region, it has not 
led  to  a  reversal  of  economic  reforms.  It  is  a  testament  to  the  resilience  of  the  transition 
process that the answer to the current crisis has not been to replace the transition agenda, but 
to try to maintain it, as far as possible. 

The sector policy dialogue conducted together with the ENP partners in growing number of 
sub-committees  and,  indirectly,  through  the  negotiation  of  new  contractual  relations 
continued unabated and enabled further transfer of reform experience. This dialogue focussed 
on a wide range of growth-enhancing policy objectives included in the Action Plans, such as 
developing  a  framework  for  financial  services  to  improve  access  to  finance,  insurance  and 
other  financial  services  important  for  enterprises;  addressing  administrative,  legislative  and 
regulatory  obstacles  to  the  creation  and  development  of  firms;  ensuring  the  security  of 
property rights, contract enforcement and investor protection; improving competition policy; 
undertaking  institutional  and  judiciary  reforms;  supporting  research  and  development  and 
improving  the  quality  of  education;  combating  corruption;  and  supporting  specific  sectors 
such a transport, energy and the environment. 

Social reform and development 

The global economic and financial crisis impacted negatively on the labour market, the social 
climate and consequently on the ability to curb poverty and to promote employment. This 
led  in  particular  to  an  increase  of  the  unemployment  rates,  the  return  of  migrant  workers 
(notably in Jordan and Egypt), the decrease of remittances (most notably in the Republic of 
Moldova,  hereinafter,  including  in  the  tables,  Moldova),  and  the  suspension  of  the  poverty 
programme  in  Armenia.  Despite  this  difficult  background,  most  countries  continued  to 
consider employment promotion and poverty reduction key priorities. 

ENP  partners  generally  acknowledge  the  key  role  of  social  dialogue  in  socio-economic 
development.  However,  a  majority  of  countries  still  lack  adequate  social  dialogue 
mechanisms  and  Jordan,  Lebanon  and  Morocco  still  need  to  ratify  ILO  Fundamental 
Conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining. Overall implementation of 
ILO conventions should be reinforced. 

The  implementation  of  social  protection  schemes  was  severely  affected  by  the  economic 
turmoil. However, Moldova and Ukraine increased basic social allocations and the minimum 

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subsistence  wages.  The  fiscal  sustainability  of  such  assistance  might  be  at  risk.  Social 
inclusion strategies, facilitating access of vulnerable groups into the labour market, are often 
lacking or not coherent. 

Most ENP countries continued efforts to upgrade legislation to promote gender equality and 
enhance  the  participation  of  women  in  social,  political  and  economic  life.  Morocco 
introduced gender sensitive budgeting and Jordan established gender equality units in main 
ministries.  However,  women  continued  to  have  a  less  favourable  situation  on  the  labour 
markets  and  to  suffer  from  gender  pay  gaps  and  gender-based  discrimination.  The  legal 
framework and its implementation need to be significantly strengthened to effectively protect 
women’s rights and to combat domestic violence. 

Sustainable development 

Little progress can be seen in the preparation of sustainable development strategies or, where 
these  exist,  their  implementation.  ENP  partners  frequently  experience  difficulties  in 
coordinating sustainable development issues among ministries.  

Trade, market and regulatory reform 

Progress was made in 2009 in the area of trade and economic integration. Negotiations on 
the  Deep  and  Comprehensive  Free  Trade  Agreement  (DCFTA)  with  Ukraine  continued. 
Negotiations on the trade-related part of the framework agreement with Libya continued. The 
feasibility study exploring possible DCFTA negotiations with Moldova was finalised in 2009. 
Following  up  the  DCFTA  fact-finding  missions,  the  preparatory  work  for  the  DCFTA 
negotiations  with  Georgia  and  Armenia  progressed.  Negotiations  continued  with 
Mediterranean ENP partners on the liberalisation of services and the right of establishment.  

In  June  2009,  ACAA  (Agreement  on  Conformity  Assessment  and  Acceptance  of  Industrial 
Products)  negotiations  with  Israel  were  concluded  in  the  sector  of  Good  Manufacturing 
Practice  of  Pharmaceuticals.  Bilateral  protocols  on  the  creation  of  a  dispute  settlements 
mechanism  were  signed  with  Tunisia,  and  initialled  with  Jordan,  Tunisia  and  Morocco. 
Negotiations  continued  with  Egypt,  Israel  and  the  Palestinian  Authority.  Agreements  on 
further liberalisation of trade in agricultural, processed agricultural, fish and fishery products 
were  signed  with  Israel  and  Egypt,  and  negotiations  were  concluded  with  Morocco  and 
continued  with  Tunisia.  The  Palestinian  Authority  adopted  the  Pan-Euro-Mediterranean 
protocol on rules of origin. Negotiations on an agreement on the protection of Geographical 
Indications (GIs) continued with Georgia. 

At the 8th Trade Ministerial meeting of the Union for the Mediterranean, held in Brussels on 
9 December, Ministers generally endorsed the EuroMed Trade roadmap beyond 2010 while 
noting Syria’s reservations on certain aspects of the Roadmap. In the longer term, the aim of 
the roadmap is to make sure that the EuroMed Free Trade Area is deep and comprehensive 
and  removes  not  only  tariff  but  also  non-tariff  barriers  and  that  South-South  regional 
integration is further developed. Ministers also endorsed the conclusion of the single regional 
convention  on  preferential  rules  of  origin  for  the  Pan-Euro-Mediterranean  area.  This  will 
replace the current network of protocols and will allow the Western Balkans to be included in 
the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean system. 

Some  customs  administrations  in  partner  countries,  such  as  Israel,  Morocco,  Moldova  and 
Tunisia, have already implemented a large part of the customs-related commitments in their 

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respective  Action  Plans  and  are  continuing  their  reform  process.  In  implementing  their 
respective strategic plans, the customs administrations of most partner countries are currently 
concentrating  on  developing  more  sophisticated  and  modern  customs  techniques.  For 
example,  Georgia,  Armenia,  Lebanon,  Ukraine  and  Moldova  are  upgrading  their  risk 
management  systems  and  Armenia,  Georgia  and  Moldova  are  developing  the  use  of  post 
clearance controls. Azerbaijan, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia have already made progress in 
implementing the single window approach to facilitate trade. Several IT projects are ongoing, 
such as the pilot phase of the Israeli TRACK system, the ASYCUDA project in the oPt and 
Jordan, and SINDA 2010 in Tunisia. Most countries are continuing their reforms to facilitate 
trade and ensure the security of the supply chain based on international standards (WCO) and 
are working on the concept of “authorised economic operators” (AEO) to facilitate trade for 
reliable  operators.  The  question  of  customs  ethics  is  being  tackled  in  most  countries  but  it 
remains a concern. The implementation of WTO-compatible customs valuation rules remains 
problematic,  in  particular  in  Ukraine  and  Georgia.  Armenia,  Georgia  and  Ukraine  need  to 
ensure that their customs administration acquires the necessary capacity for certification and 
verification  of  origin.  Here,  Georgia  took  a  first  step  to  involve  customs  in  the  process  of 
issuing  and  verifying  certificates  of  preferential  origin.  The  dialogue  at  technical  level 
between the European Commission and the State Customs Committee of Belarus on issues of 
common  interest  continued  during  the  reporting  period  and  was  focused,  among  others,  on 
future alignment of transit.  

On  standards,  technical  regulations  and  conformity  assessment,  most  ENP  partner 
countries  achieved  some  progress  in  their  preparatory  work  towards  the  conclusion  of 
bilateral  agreements  on  Conformity  Assessment  and  Acceptance  of  Industrial  Products 
(ACAAs). The key areas of work include the approximation of their legislation with EU law 
in  selected  sectors  and  the  gradual  upgrading  of  their  administrative  structures.  As  stated 
above, ACAA negotiations with Israel on Good Manufacturing Practice of Pharmaceuticals 
were concluded. Tunisia and Egypt have also progressed well in their ACAA preparations. In 
Ukraine, progress in this area has been very limited.  

Negotiations on the liberalisation of services and establishment are on-going with Israel, 
Egypt,  Morocco  and  Tunisia.  However,  progress  was  limited.  Jordan  expressed  interest  in 
entering into bilateral negotiations on the liberalisation of trade in services and the right of 
establishment in 2010.  

In  the  area  of  sanitary  and  phyto-sanitary  (SPS)  issues,  the  ENP  partners  made  further 
progress.  However,  substantial  efforts  are  required  over  the  coming  years  to  improve  food 
safety  for  citizens  and  to  enhance  agricultural  trade.  Similar  efforts  are  also  needed  with  a 
view  to  preparing  deep  and  comprehensive  free  trade  areas  between  the  EU  and  ENP 
partners.  

Several ENP partners prepared draft food safety strategies (Georgia, Moldova) or carried out 
a  needs  assessment  (Palestinian  Authority).  ENP  partners  continued  to  adopt  or  prepare 
legislation  (Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Egypt,  Israel,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  Moldova,  Morocco, 
Tunisia and Ukraine). In Moldova, key veterinary and phytosanitary agencies, established in 
2008,  became  operational  in  2009.  In  Morocco  a  food  safety  agency  was  formally 
established.  Laboratories  were  further  upgraded  (Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Moldova 
and Ukraine) and SPS experts were trained.  

Most  ENP  partners  are  now  connected  to  the  external  window  of  the  EU’s  Rapid  Alert 
System for Food and Feed. 

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In  2009,  the  European  Commission’s  Food  and  Veterinary  Office  carried  out  several 
inspection visits to ENP countries (Azerbaijan, Egypt, Israel and Ukraine). In July 2009 ENP 
partners participated in a first TAIEX seminar on food safety issues organised jointly by the 
Commission  and  the  European  Food  Safety  Authority.  The  ENP  partners  and  the  EU 
consolidated  their  cooperation  under  the  Commission’s  ‘Better  Training  for  Safer  food’ 
training  programme.  ENP  partners  without  an  Action  Plan  also  participated  in  the 
programme.  In  July  2009,  for  example,  a  workshop  on  meat  was  held  in  Syria.  In  October 
2009,  the  European  Commission  and  Belarus  further  strengthened  dialogue  with  an  expert 
meeting on SPS.  

The EU and its neighbours also continued SPS cooperation through (twinning) projects under 
the ENPI.  

As regards business climate, establishment and company law, administrative requirements 
for  company  ownership  (Azerbaijan)  and  limitation  on  disclosure  requirements  (Georgia) 
still exist. Overall, only limited progress can be reported in the adoption and implementation 
of corporate governance. 

As regards taxation, tax administration reform is an ongoing process in most of the partner 
countries. Activities to promote voluntary compliance, such as in Jordan and Azerbaijan, and 
to  strengthen  the  audit  capacity,  as  in  Georgia,  are  ongoing.  Several  projects  for  the 
computerisation  of  tax  administrations  are  being  developed  (for  example  in  Azerbaijan, 
Armenia, Moldova and Morocco). A number of bilateral treaties on the avoidance of double 
taxation  with  EU  Member  States  were  signed  and  entered  into  force  during  the  reporting 
period. Armenia succeeded in tackling the problem of VAT refunds, while further efforts are 
needed in Moldova and particularly in Ukraine. 

In  the  field  of  competition  policy,  some  countries  (Egypt,  Armenia)  continued  reforms 
towards establishing a modern competition policy. However, ENP countries still face many 
challenges  in  implementing  competition  policies  (Moldova,  Georgia,  Azerbaijan,  Jordan, 
Lebanon and Morocco)  as no adequate legal and institutional framework is yet in place. In 
2009, there was technical dialogue with Georgia on competition matters.  

Most  ENP  countries  continued  to  upgrade  legislation  in  the  field  of  intellectual  property 
(IP) rights. However, only limited progress can be noted overall in the sound and effective 
implementation  of  IP  rights.  The  powers  of  enforcement  bodies  as  well  as  legal  sanctions 
need to be significantly enhanced to effectively fight piracy and counterfeiting. 

On  financial  services,  ENP  partners  were  affected  by  the  global  financial  and  economic 
crisis.  Nevertheless,  most  partner  countries  continued  to  make  progress  in  implementing 
financial sector reforms with the aim of bringing the sector into line with international best 
practices. ENP partners progressed in upgrading their regulatory and supervisory frameworks 
and in establishing independent supervisory authorities. In 2009, Egypt established a unified 
financial supervisory body and Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine adopted new banking laws. 

The  implementation  of  public  procurement  procedures  and  the  lack  of  adequate  review 
mechanisms remained, for most countries, a challenge in their effort to improve the business 
climate.  

There was continued liberalisation in the movement of capital and payments (for example 
Morocco and Tunisia). 

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Most  ENP  countries  continued  to  improve  legislation  and  administrative  capacities  on 
statistics. 

ENP  partners  continued  to  raise  awareness  on  consumer  protection.  Lebanon  and  Israel 
reinforced legislation in this area.  

in  accordance  with 

Regarding  public  internal  financial  control  (PIFC)  for  public  finance  management, 
Moldova and Ukraine pursued the establishment and implementation of control systems and 
internationally  agreed  standards.  No  significant 
internal  audit 
developments may be noted in Armenia and Georgia while initiatives stalled in Azerbaijan. 
Reforms  advanced  steadily  in  Jordan,  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  and  Morocco  but 
were  slow  in  Egypt  and  Lebanon.  Public  internal  financial  control,  based  on  advanced 
principles such as managerial accountability and operationally independent and decentralised 
internal audit, can successfully develop only under the conditions of transparency inherent in 
a democratic state order. 

the  Euro-
On  enterprise  policy,  Mediterranean  partners  continued 
Mediterranean  Charter  for  Enterprise.  Most  countries  (Egypt,  Israel,  Jordan,  Syria  and 
Tunisia)  made  good  progress  in  promoting  their  enterprise  policies  based  on  the 
recommendations  of  the  2008  assessment  of  the  Charter’s  implementation.  A  regional 
meeting  and  bilateral  meetings  on  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Charter  for  Enterprise  were 
organised in all the Mediterranean partner countries in 2009. Enterprise policy dialogue also 
forms part of the Eastern partnership. 

implement 

to 

Most countries continued to update their audit and accounting standards and to reinforce 
the capacity of the regulatory agencies. 

Cooperation on justice, freedom and security 

In the field of migration, the visa facilitation and readmission agreements with Moldova and 
Ukraine  were  implemented  successfully  for  the  second  year  running  in  2009.  New  visa 
facilitation  and  readmission  agreements  were  initialled  with  Georgia  with  conclusion 
expected  during  2010.  A  visa  dialogue  was  carried  out  with  Ukraine  with  a  view  to  visa 
liberalisation.  No  substantial  progress  can  be  reported  in  negotiations  for  a  readmission 
agreement with Morocco. 

In  the  field  of  asylum,  Regional  Protection  Programmes  continued  to  be  implemented  in 
Moldova  and  Ukraine,  while  Jordan  continued  to  host  large  numbers  of  Iraqi  refugees.  By 
the end of 2009, the Commission proposed the establishment of a new Regional Protection 
Programme in North Africa, to encompass Egypt, Libya and Tunisia.  

Two mobility partnerships are being implemented, in Moldova and in Georgia (initialled in 
November 2009). This instrument introduced a range of topics for cooperation and dialogue 
in the area of migration, going beyond the traditional border and visa focused approach. In 
the framework of this cooperation, the signatories (COM, the willing EU MS and the partner 
country)  implement  together  a  wide  range  of  initiatives  related  to  legal  mobility,  labour 
migration,  migration  and  development,  asylum  policy  and  the  fight  against  irregular 
migration.  

ENP partners strengthened their border management capacities to combat cross-border and 
organised  crime.  They  also  continued  approximation  of  their  border  and  law-enforcement 

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authorities’  standards  with  those  of  the  EU.  A  greater  capacity  to  ensure  effective  border 
controls  and  surveillance  led,  in  certain  cases,  to  improved  detection  of  smuggling,  illegal 
migration  and  customs  fraud.  Efforts  to  professionalise  and  civilianise  border  management 
services  need  to  be  consistently  pursued.  Improvements  to  risk  assessment  techniques  and 
analysis  remain  critical  in  this  regard.  Closer  cooperation  and  communication  between 
national  authorities  at  regional  level  remains  necessary  for  ENP  partner  countries  whose 
borders still need to be demarcated and delimitated. 

Regarding  the  fight  against  organised  crime,  all  ENP  partners  with  an  ENP  action  plan 
have ratified the UN Convention against Trans-national Organised Crime. Syria and Jordan 
ratified  it  in  2009.  The  Convention’s  First  Protocol  to  Prevent,  Suppress  and  Punish  the 
Trafficking of Persons, especially Women and Children has also been ratified by all partners 
except Morocco. The Second Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and 
Air has been signed and ratified by all partners except Morocco. This Protocol was acceded 
to by Jordan in 2009. he Third Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking 
in  Firearms  Their  Parts,  Components  and  Ammunition  are  yet  to  be  signed  and  ratified  by 
Armenia,  Georgia,  Egypt,  Israel,  Jordan,  Syria  and  Ukraine.  Morocco  acceded  to  this 
protocol in 2009. Progress was made in establishing national plans and strategies. Continued 
attention  remains  necessary  to  ensure  the  full  and  effective  implementation  of  established 
national  plans  and  strategies  to  combat  all  forms  of  organised  crime,  particularly  in  the 
context  of  regional  cooperation  Moldova  ratified  the  Council  of  Europe  Convention  on 
Cybercrime in 2009 while Azerbaijan ratified in early 2010. 

Most  ENP  partners  began  implementation  of  national  action  plans  to  fight  trafficking  in 
human beings, including victims’ support measures aimed at recovery, social re-integration 
and  inclusion.  However,  changes  to  the  legislative  framework  and  further  measures  to 
improve  and  develop  protection,  prevention  and  rehabilitation  measures  are  required  in  all 
countries. Investment in awareness-raising actions will be particularly crucial to amplify their 
impact.  In  February  2010,  outside  the  reporting  period,  Azerbaijan  signed  the  Council  of 
Europe 2005 Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. This country and 
Ukraine have yet to ratify it.  

Most  ENP  partners  continued  developing  and  implementing  national  strategies  to  combat 
money  laundering  and  the  financing  of  terrorism,  incorporating  the  40  +  9  FATF 
(Financial Action Task Force) recommendations. The work of MoneyVal continued to act as 
one of the reference point for reforms in this area. Nevertheless, certain shortcomings remain 
in  terms  of  implementing  the  control  regime and properly advising financial institutions on 
their  due  diligence  obligations.  The  Council  of  Europe  Convention  on  Laundering,  Search, 
Seizure  and  Confiscation  of  the  Proceeds  from  Crime  and  on  the  Financing  of  Terrorism 
(Warsaw Convention) was not ratified by Ukraine, and remains to be signed and ratified by 
Azerbaijan and Georgia. 

In the fight against drugs, partner countries continued to implement their obligations under 
the 1988 UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances and 
other international instruments. Capacity building within designated national authorities and 
other law enforcement agencies to deal with the drugs phenomenon using both repressive and 
preventive  measures  advanced  incrementally.  Continued  attention  to  human  resource 
development  is  required  in  this  respect.  As  noted  in  2008,  effective  sharing  of  intelligence 
among  ENP  partners  and  other  geographical  neighbours  on  drugs  production  as  well  as  on 
trafficking  supply  routes  remains  critical  in  order  to  consolidate  regional  cooperation.  The 
overall efficiency of national strategies can be enhanced only through structured cooperation 

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with  civil  society  groups  as  part  of  an  integrated  approach.  The  development  of  effective 
harm-reduction  and  rehabilitation  programmes  as  well  as  additional  public  investment  in 
health and curative facilities remain priorities in all partner countries.  

In  the  area  of  police  and  judicial  cooperation,  relevant  ENP  partners  did  not  progress  in 
2009 on ratification of the 1997 Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on 
Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, although Armenia signed this protocol in March. In 
2009, Armenia and Moldova signed and ratified the Council of Europe’s 2005 Convention on 
the  Laundering,  Search,  Seizure  and  Confiscation  of  the  Proceeds  from  Crime  and  on  the 
Financing  of  Terrorism.  It  has  yet  to  be  ratified  by  Ukraine  and  signed  and  ratified  by 
Azerbaijan and Georgia. 

In  the  area  of  criminal  law  cooperation,  Moldova  ratified  the  2001  Convention  on 
Cybercrime, while Azerbaijan and Georgia have yet to ratify it. The Convention’s Additional 
Protocol concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed 
through  computer  systems  remained  to  be  ratified  by  Moldova  and  signed  and  ratified  by 
Azerbaijan and Georgia. Further attention and additional resources are required to ensure the 
ratification and effective implementation of these Conventions.  

Regarding  cooperation  on  civil  law,  Belarus,  Egypt,  Georgia,  Israel,  Jordan,  Morocco  and 
Ukraine are members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law concerning the 
international  protection  of  children,  family  and  property  relations,  legal  cooperation  and 
commercial  and  finance  law.  In  this  context  and  in  order  to  improve  international  legal 
assistance  and  cooperation,  ENP  partners  are  encouraged  to  accede  to  the  1980  Hague 
Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, the 1996 Hague Convention 
on Parental Responsibility and the Protection of Children, the 1965 Hague Convention on the 
Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents and the 1970 Convention on Taking 
of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters.  

In 2009, Jordan joined, with the assistance of the Hague Conference, the Judicial Conference 
on  Cross-Frontier  Family  Law  Issues,  the  so-called  ’Malta  Process’.  This  aims  to  promote 
expert  dialogue  on  international  child  protection  and  family  law  issues.  Algeria,  Egypt, 
Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia had joined in previous years. There is growing recognition of 
the  relevance  of  the  Malta  Process  for  regional  cooperation  as  a  point  of  reference  in 
deliberating and settling cross-frontier family law disputes.  

In the area of protection of personal data Ukraine has not ratified the 1981 Convention for 
the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, while it 
has yet to be signed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Moldova 
have  not  signed  or  ratified  the  Convention’s  Additional  Protocol  on  supervisory  authorities 
and trans-border data flows, while it remains to be ratified by Ukraine. Ratification of both 
instruments  is  essential  to  develop  further  cooperation  including  in  the  judicial  and  police 
area as well as exchange of information with EUROJUST and Europol. 

Regarding judicial reform, ENP partners continued in 2009 to adopt legislation to enhance 
the  capacity  and  efficiency  of  the  judiciary.  Efforts  to  secure  greater  judicial  independence 
and  impartiality  faltered  for  the  second  year  in  succession  in  several  partner  countries 
(Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine). Morocco, Jordan and the Palestinian 
Authority  restated  their  commitment  to  reforms  in  this  area.  The  situation  remained 
substantially unchanged in Egypt, Lebanon and Tunisia. 

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Egypt,  Jordan,  Morocco,  and  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  continued  to  implementing 
national programmes for the continuing training of judges, prosecutors, court staff and other 
legal  professionals.  ENP  partners  continued  efforts  to  simplify  of  court  administrative 
procedures,  automate  case  management  (Egypt,  Morocco,  Moldova,  occupied  Palestinian 
territory  and  Ukraine)  and  improve  access  to  justice  through  provision  of  legal  aid 
(Azerbaijan, Egypt and Georgia). An increase in judicial appointments was noted in Georgia 
and  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  while  increases  in  remuneration  were  registered  in 
Armenia. A continued political commitment to comprehensive judicial reform is needed in all 
ENP partner countries in order to secure and enhance public and investor confidence in the 
impartial administration of justice.  

In  2009,  Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Egypt,  Moldova,  Morocco,  and  Ukraine  made 
progress,  albeit  slow,  on  penitentiary  reform.  Some  improvements  were  seen  in  detention 
conditions  in  prisons  (Azerbaijan),  better  access  by  national  and  international  observers 
(Egypt)  and  changes  to  the  policy  management  structures  for  prisons  (Lebanon  and 
Morocco).  Reform  advanced  in  Jordan  with  investment  in  inmate  training  and  the 
development  of  a  post-release  care  programme  to  prevent  recidivism.  In  contrast,  the 
situation did not substantially change in Tunisia. 

However,  as  stated  in  2008,  not  much  has  been  done  to  address  overcrowding  of  prisons, 
particularly for remand prisoners, ill-treatment and torture, abuse of detainees’ human rights 
and  limitations  on  access  to  penitentiary  facilities  for  national  and  international  observers. 
The use of parole and other alternatives to detention and long-term incarceration needs to be 
actively explored.  

Dialogue in the field of juvenile justice continued with Georgia, Morocco and Ukraine on 
the  development  of  appropriate  protection  policies  for  child  and  young  offenders  in  the 
context  of  a  policy  commitment  to  reform.  Dialogue  has  commenced  with  Jordan  and 
Lebanon.  Appropriate  prevention  and  probation  policies  need  to  be  developed  alongside 
structural  investment  in  education  and  rehabilitation  activities  in  pre-detention  and 
correctional facilities in order to prevent recidivism and encourage the social re-integration of 
young offenders post-release. A restorative juvenile justice system that respects international 
standards1 can best be served by defining judicial guidelines to offset the tendency to resort to 
incarceration and custodial sentences for juvenile offenders.  

All  partner  countries  except  Syria  have  completed  ratification  of  the  2005  UN  Convention 
against  Corruption.  In  2009,  Israel  and  Ukraine  ratified  the  Convention  and  Lebanon 
acceded to it. Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Moldova and Tunisia 
completed  the  Self-Assessment  Checklist  provided  for  under  Resolution  1-2  of  the  First 
Conference  of  State  Parties  in  Amman  of  December  2006  and  submitted  it  to  UNODC  in 
time  for  the  Third  Conference  of  State  Parties  in  Qatar  in  November  20092.  The  checklists 
cover  the  following  areas:  prevention;  criminalisation  and  law  enforcement;  international 
cooperation;  and  asset  recovery  for  the  period  from  December  2007  to  August  2009. 
Signatories  to  the  Convention  are  encouraged  where  possible,  to  make  public  the  relevant 

1 

2 

1985 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and the 
1990 UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines)  
Algeria provided an update on its Self Assessment while Jordan submitted in 2007. A State submitting 
its self-assessment prior to the second Conference of State Parties in 2008 was considered by UNODC 
as a reporting State also for the third Conference of State Parties in 2009..  

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findings  of  the  Self-Assessment  in  line  with  the  Convention’s  spirit  and  intent  (Article  13 
Participation of Society). 

To  complement  their  international  obligations  under  the  above  Convention,  Egypt  and 
Tunisia have yet to sign the 2003 African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating 
Corruption.  

Cooperation  with  civil  society  in  the  implementation  of  national  anti-corruption  plans 
remained  critical  in  all  partner  countries  in  order  to  fight  corruption  in  both  the  public  and 
private sectors.  

In 2009, Ukraine ratified the Council of Europe’s Criminal Law on Corruption as well as its 
2003 Additional Protocol aiming to protect judicial authorities from corruption. The protocol 
has yet to be signed by Azerbaijan and Georgia.  

With regard to civil service and public administration reform, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt 
Georgia,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  Moldova,  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  and  Ukraine  made 
gradual  progress  with  strategies  and  plans  to  build  a  professional  and  accountable  civil 
service.  Among  other  things,  work  focused  on  promoting  and  securing  agreement  on 
concepts and draft laws for comprehensive reform as well as the implementation of selected 
pilot  actions.  During  2009,  SIGMA  provided  assistance  in  particular  to  develop  legal 
frameworks. The pace of reform remained slow, however.  

Regional  cooperation  under  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Justice  Programme  with  the 
participation  of  all  Mediterranean  ENP  partners  including  Algeria  and  Syria,  continued  in 
2009, covering access to justice and legal aid, the resolution of cross-border family conflicts 
and  criminal  and  prison  law.  The  programme  aims  to  establish  two  regional  networks  of 
judges and other legal professionals and judicial schools.  

All Mediterranean partners including Algeria and Syria participated actively in the EuroMed 
Police II programme covering joint cooperation activities and seminars for senior officers on 
specialised topics of practical police cooperation in all fields of organised  crime, terrorism, 
drugs and weapons trafficking. In December 2009, Cepol organised a conference in Rome on 
perspectives  for  future  cooperation  with  police  education  and  training  institutions  in  ENP 
countries,  which  was  attended  by  representatives  from  Belarus,  Georgia,  Jordan,  Moldova 
and Ukraine as well as EU Member States and FRONTEX.  

Transport,  energy,  climate  change,  environment,  civil  protection,  research  and 
innovation, information society, audiovisual sector 

Transport  

In  the  road  sector,  alignment  with  international  standards  on  road  worthiness  and  driving 
times  and  rest  periods  is  an  ongoing  process  for  most  countries.  Road  maintenance  and 
funding  remained  a  challenge.  Moldova  set  up  a  road  fund  and  there  are  plans  to  do  so  in 
Lebanon.  Tunisia  and  Morocco  continued  to  implement  their  comprehensive  fleet  renewal 
schemes. 

A comprehensive reform of the rail sector is ongoing in a number of countries. Some of the 
partners  are  also  developing  and  upgrading  their  rail  networks.  Jordan  and  Syria  have 
ambitious plans for network development and extension, while Morocco is pursuing plans to 
introduce high speed passenger trains.  

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In  the  aviation  sector,  negotiations  on  a  Common  Aviation  Area  Agreement  have  been 
launched  with  Georgia.  The  discussions  with  Ukraine  on  such  an  agreement  should  be 
concluded  in  2010.  Negotiations  on  comprehensive  Euro-Mediterranean  Area  Agreements 
continued  with  Israel  and  should  be  finalised  in  2010  with  Jordan  and  Lebanon.  Most 
countries continued to implement a policy of gradually introducing EU standards. All Eastern 
neighbouring  countries  have  signed  a  working  arrangement  with  the  European  Aviation 
Safety  Agency  to  ensure  continuation  of  pan-European  safety  coordination  following  the 
dissolution  of  the  JAA  (Joint  Aviation  Authorities).  However,  the  need  to  strengthen  civil 
aviation  administrations and  in  particular  safety  oversight  and  the  performance  of  carriers 
remains a priority.  

Several partner countries still need to step up efforts to implement maritime safety standards, 
especially Georgia, which is still considered a high risk flag and remained on the black list of 
the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on port state control. Egypt, Lebanon and Ukraine 
also remained on the black list. 

At  regional/multilateral  level  the  Mediterranean  partners  remained  very  committed  to 
implementing the 34 actions under the Regional Transport Action Plan for the Mediterranean 
during 2007-2013 (RTAP) and the establishment of the future Trans Mediterranean Transport 
Network.  The  RTAP  actions  address  the  different  transport  domains  and  target  mainly 
regulatory  (institutional)  reform  and  infrastructure  network  planning  and  implementation. 
The  framework  for  cooperation  is  the  EuroMed  Transport  Forum  and  its  four  working 
groups. The  working  groups,  namely  those  on  Infrastructure  and  Regulatory  Issues,  on 
Aviation, on GNSS and on Maritime Affairs, Ports and Short Sea Shipping met in 2009. In 
November  2009  the  aviation  group  adopted  an  ambitious  road  map  towards  establishing  a 
Euro-Mediterranean  Open  Aviation  Area.  EC-funded  technical  support  includes:  Euro-
Mediterranean  Regional  Transport  II,  Safemed,  Motorways  of  the  Sea-MEDAMOS,  GNSS 
and  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Aviation  Project  along  with  technical  assistance  and  twinning 
programmes at bilateral level.  

Regional cooperation with Eastern partners progressed under TRACECA and was stepped up 
in  the  context  of  the  Black  Sea  Synergy  policy.  In  particular,  cooperation  in  the  maritime 
field increased: firstly, in order to enhance maritime trade and port operations and establish 
Motorways  of  the  Sea  in  the  Black  and  Caspian  Seas;  and,  secondly,  in  order  to  augment 
maritime safety and security in the Black and Caspian Seas especially against the background 
of ever-increasing oil tanker traffic in both these seas. 

The revitalisation  of  the  TRACECA  Working  Group  and  Technical  Assistance  Activities 
contributed to enhanced cooperation. In particular, cooperation in the maritime logistics and 
aviation  sectors  increased. TRACECA  also  covers  the  key  issue  of  the  safety  of  land 
transport operations, which is increasingly becoming a priority in most of the ENP countries.  

Energy  

In  2009,  the  EU  and  its  ENP  partners  further  strengthened  energy  cooperation  and  ENP 
partners progressed in their sector reform. 

Bilateral cooperation with ENP partners generally continued under the ENP Action Plans and 
the  Energy  Memoranda  of  Understanding  and  Declarations  (Azerbaijan,  Egypt,  Jordan, 
Morocco  and  Ukraine).  In  September  2009,  the  EU-Ukraine  Summit  endorsed  the  third 
progress report under the EU-Ukraine Energy MoU. The European Commission and Belarus 

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signed  a  Declaration  on  energy  cooperation.  The  European  Commission  and  Belarus 
continued  their  energy  dialogue.  Exchanges  with  Algeria  continued,  for  example,  in  the 
energy subcommittee. In 2009, discussions with this country on the finalisation of an Energy 
MoU  resumed.  Energy  relations  with  Libya  continued  in  particular  through  the  ongoing 
negotiations towards an EU-Libya framework agreement.  

At  regional/multilateral  level,  the  EU  and  the  Eastern  partners  launched  cooperation  under 
the  Eastern  Partnership  (EaP).  The  six  Eastern  partners  participated  in  the  first  meetings 
(May  and  November  2009)  of  the  EaP  Platform  on  Energy  Security.  The  Platform  will 
promote the implementation of mutual energy support and security mechanisms by initiating 
work on ‘Security of Supply Statements’. The Platform furthermore covers energy efficiency 
and  renewable  energy.  The  Covenant  of  Mayors  initiative  was  launched  as  part  of  the 
flagship  initiative  on  ‘Regional  Electricity  Markets,  Improved  Energy  Efficiency  and 
Increased  use  of  Renewable  Resources’.  The  aim  is  to  promote  energy  efficiency  in  EaP 
cities.  An  energy  efficiency  and  environmental  partnership  for  Eastern  Europe  was  also 
launched  and  a  pledging  conference  took  place  in  Stockholm  on  26  November  2009.  The 
Platform will also promote the harmonisation of partners’ energy policy and legislation with 
EU  practice  and  the  acquis.  Support  for  infrastructure  development,  interconnection  and 
diversification of supply is a further objective.  

The EU and  the Eastern  partners  continued implementing the 2006 energy roadmap agreed 
by ministers under the ‘Baku initiative’ for EU-Black Sea/Caspian energy cooperation. They 
continued cooperation in the areas of market integration, regulatory convergence, networks, 
energy efficiency and renewable energy.  

The Mediterranean ENP partners and the EU pursued implementation of the priority action 
plan  2008-2013,  decided  by  Euro-Mediterranean  energy  ministers.  They  continued  work 
towards  the  longer-term  objective  of  establishing  Euro-Mediterranean  gas  and  electricity 
rings.  Partners  further  worked  on  the  Mediterranean  Solar  Plan.  Other  areas  of  cooperation 
cover  regulatory  convergence,  the  creation  of  a  Maghreb  electricity  market  and  a  Euro-
Mashraq natural gas market, energy efficiency, renewable energy and statistical matters. The 
EU  and  the  Mediterranean  partners  continued  their  cooperation  through  the  Cairo-based 
Regional  Centre  for  Renewable  Energy  and  Energy  Efficiency  for  Middle  East  and  North 
Africa countries, which is supported by the European Commission, Denmark and Germany.  

The  European  Commission  encourages  Israel  and  the  Palestinian  Authority  to  fully  re-
activate  their  trilateral  cooperation  including  on  the  ‘Solar  for  Peace’  initiative  and  the 
establishment of a joint energy office. In 2009, an EU-funded study to support the ‘Solar for 
Peace’ project was completed.  

In  2009,  ENP  partners  continued  to  implement  their  energy  strategies  or  progressed  in 
preparing  a  new  energy  policy  (Egypt).  Partners  took  further  steps  to  increase  the  use  of 
domestic  resources  such  as  hydrocarbons  (Azerbaijan,  Jordan  and  Tunisia),  renewable 
energy  sources,  uranium  (Armenia,  Egypt  and  Jordan)  and  oil  shale  (Egypt,  Jordan  and 
Morocco).  

ENP partners continued with the construction, upgrading and development of infrastructure 
including domestic and international energy networks.  

In March 2009, a joint EU-Ukraine conference on the modernisation of the Ukraine’s gas transit 
system was held in Brussels with the participation of the European Investment Bank (EIB), the 

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European  Bank  for  Reconstruction  and  Development  (EBRD),  and  the  World  Bank.  At  the 
conference Ukraine submitted a master plan for the modernisation of its gas transit system. In 
October  2009,  Ukraine  approved  a  Concept  for  the  development,  modernisation  and  re-
equipment of the gas transportation system during 2009-2015. 

The  gas  and  oil  export  pipelines  Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum  (Turkey)  and  Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan 
(Turkey)  continued  to  bring  Caspian  resources  to  the  EU.  Several  (Eastern  and  Southern) 
ENP  partners  continued  to  support  the  development  of  the  Southern  gas  corridor  including 
Nabucco and the trans-Caspian transportation project. In May 2009 they attended the Prague 
Summit  on  the  Southern  Corridor.  Azerbaijan  and  Georgia  participated  in  the  ongoing  EU 
study for a Caspian Development Corporation, the central purpose of which is to aggregate 
gas demand in support of the Corridor’s development. In July 2009, energy companies from 
Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Lithuania,  Poland  and  Ukraine  completed  a  study  on  the  Euro-Asian 
Oil Transportation Corridor Project. Partners of the Arab gas pipeline continued work on the 
future connection of the pipe with the European Union. The  gas pipeline between Armenia 
and Iran became operational. Work on an Egypt-Libya gas pipe continued. Preparatory work 
for  an  Egypt-oPt  (Gaza)  gas  interconnection  was  pursued.  The  construction  of  additional 
pipeline capacity between Italy and Tunisia progressed. Algeria pursued the construction of a 
new  gas  interconnection  with  Spain  (Medgaz)  and  the  preparation  of  a  link  with  Italy 
(GALSI). Algeria, Nigeria and Niger signed an agreement on the development of the Trans-
Saharan  gas  pipeline  project,  connecting  Nigerian  sources  to  the  Mediterranean  region  and 
the EU.  

Some  ENP  partners  are  developing  plans  to  construct  an  LNG  terminal  (Georgia,  Israel, 
Lebanon and Morocco) or a new (oil) refinery (Armenia, Georgia, Moldova and Tunisia). 

In the electricity field, Moldova and Ukraine continued preparations to study the conditions 
under  which  they  could  join  the  interconnected  electricity  networks  of  continental  Europe 
(ENTSO-e,  European  Network  of  Transmission  System  Operators  for  Electricity,  the 
successor  of  UCTE).  Moldova  completed  the  Gotesti-Falciu  (Romania)  link.  Azerbaijan, 
Georgia  and  Turkey  continued  the  construction  of  additional  electricity  interconnections 
between  their  countries.  Armenia  and  Georgia  advanced  their  interconnection  project. 
Armenia prepared the construction of an interconnection with Iran. In the Mediterranean area, 
the  Lebanon-Syria  electricity  link  was  completed  and  the  Algeria-Morocco  link  was 
reinforced.  Egypt  and  Jordan  developed  plans  to  upgrade  the  undersea  cable  between  the 
countries.  Preparations  progressed  for  additional  electricity  interconnections  between  the 
occupied  Palestinian  territory  (Gaza  and  West  Bank)  and  Egypt  and  Jordan  respectively. 
Morocco and Spain worked towards constructing a third link between their countries Tunisia 
pursued  efforts  to  increase  interconnection  capacity  with  Algeria  and  to  construct  an 
electricity interconnection with Italy.  

ENP partners took some steps towards convergence with the internal energy market rules. In 
December 2009, the Energy Community ministerial approved the accession of Moldova and 
Ukraine to the Energy Community Treaty. Accession will be effective subject to the gas laws 
of  the  countries  complying  with  the  EU  acquis  and  subsequent  ratification.  Georgia 
continued  to  participate  as  observer  in  meetings  of  the  Energy  Community.  In  December 
2009, Moldova adopted new gas and electricity laws. ENP partners pursued the restructuring 
of  the  gas  and  electricity  sectors,  prepared  legislation,  strengthened  regulators  (or  prepared 
for their establishment) and worked on the progressive elimination of price distortions.  

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ENP partners made some progress in improving energy efficiency and strengthened plans to 
increase  considerably  the  use  of  renewable  energy  sources  such  as  solar  and  wind 
(Azerbaijan, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority and Tunisia). In 
October 2009, southern ENP partners participated in the EU-Mediterranean-Gulf renewable 
energy conference, which promoted the use of renewable energy. The Cairo-based Regional 
Centre  for  Renewable  Energy  and  Energy  Efficiency  for  Middle  East  and  North  Africa, 
established with support from the EC, Denmark and Germany, had, in 2009, its first full year 
of operation. 

Armenia and Ukraine further upgraded the safety of nuclear power plants and strengthened 
the  nuclear  regulatory  authorities.  Armenia  continued  drafting  a  detailed  decommissioning 
plan for the Medzamor Nuclear Power Plant and selected an engineering company to oversee 
the construction of a new nuclear plant. Ukraine and the European Commission pursued their 
joint evaluation of the nuclear safety of Ukraine’s nuclear power plants, with the involvement 
of  the  International  Atomic  Energy  Agency.  Ukraine  implemented  further  projects  at  the 
Chornobyl site.  

Belarus, Egypt and Jordan took further steps towards preparing the construction of nuclear 
power  plants.  Jordan  ratified  the  Convention  on  nuclear  safety  and  acceded  to  the 
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. Azerbaijan confirmed its plan to 
build a nuclear research reactor. Other ENP partners remain interested in developing nuclear 
power  production  (Algeria,  Libya,  Morocco,  Syria  and  Tunisia).  In  2009,  the  European 
Commission  held  a  second  expert  meeting  on  nuclear  safety  issues  with  Morocco.  It  is 
recalled  that  the  ENP  partners  should  ensure  a  high  level  of  safety  and  security  of  nuclear 
installations and ensure that the research, development and use of nuclear energy for peaceful 
purposes are carried out in compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
Weapons. 

The reporting period was marked by international discussions and negotiations on post-2012 
climate  change  action  as  well  as  increased  awareness-raising  on  climate  issues.  Partner 
countries  made  some  progress  in  implementing  international  climate  change  commitments. 
Some  partners  submitted  national  communications  to  the  UN  Framework  Convention  on 
Climate  Change  (Georgia,  Jordan,  Moldova  and  Ukraine),  including  greenhouse  gas 
inventories, vulnerability assessments and mitigation and adaptation measures. Several other 
partner  countries  are  in  the  final  stages  of  preparing  such  communications.  2009  saw 
awareness  raising  and  outreach  events,  for  instance  in  Georgia  and  Jordan.  Many  partners 
either  took  steps  to  prepare  a  national  adaptation  strategy  (Egypt  and  Israel)  or  drafted  or 
adopted  strategy  documents  and  studies  on  adaptation,  such  as  Georgia,  Moldova  and 
Morocco.  

The majority of partner countries continued to prepare investment projects to promote the use 
of  the  Kyoto  Protocol’s  Joint  Implementation  and  Clean  Development  Mechanism.  Some 
new projects were registered at UN level in Armenia, Georgia, Israel Morocco, and Ukraine, 
but the vast majority have still not yet been formally registered. The European Commission 
continued  to  support  the  partner  countries  in  implementing  the  Kyoto  Protocol.  Algeria, 
Armenia,  Belarus,  Georgia,  Israel,  Jordan,  Moldova, Morocco,  Tunisia  and  Ukraine 
associated themselves with the Copenhagen Accord and in most cases provided information 
on the targets or actions that they will implement. The Commission will continue to call on 
partners that have not yet done so to associate themselves with the Copenhagen Accord. The 
EU  remains  fully  committed  to  the  UN  negotiating  process  with  a  view  to  concluding  a 

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robust  and  effective  legally  binding  international  agreement.  The  EU  is  prepared  to  deepen 
dialogue and cooperation activities on climate change mitigation and adaptation. 

Progress  in  the  field  of  environment  varied  from  country  to  country.  Many  of  the  ENP 
countries face various challenges that hamper the progress. The overall environment situation 
in the occupied Palestinian territory remained a major concern.  

Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Moldova and Morocco took some steps to strengthen the environment 
administration. However, strengthened administrative and implementation capacity, coupled 
with  enhanced  resources,  is  still  required  in  partner  countries  at  all  levels,  including  co-
operation  and  co-ordination  between  the  different  authorities.  In  the  occupied  Palestinian 
territory, the offices of the environmental and water authorities in Gaza remained closed in 
2009. 

Georgia has recently started to pay more attention to development of environment policy and 
legislation than it did a few years ago. The Presidential programme in Tunisia for 2009-2014 
announced several environment related objectives, as did the 2009 Ministerial Declaration of 
the  Government  of  Lebanon.  Morocco  launched  the  preparation  of  a  new  Charter  for 
Environment and Sustainable Development, and many partner countries took steps to prepare 
(Georgia and Ukraine) or review and implement (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Israel 
and Tunisia) their overall environment strategies and action plans. 

Some  partner  countries  took  steps  to  amend  (Egypt),  prepare  (Armenia,  Georgia  and 
Moldova)  or  review  (Jordan)  environment  framework  legislation.  Some  progress  can  be 
noted  in  the  adoption  of  issue-specific  legislation  and  implementing  legislation.  Jordan 
adopted new legislation on monitoring and inspections as well as on the environment fund. 
Implementing legislation was adopted on air quality and waste management in Morocco, on 
the  protection  of  the  Nile  River  and  waterways  in  Egypt,  on  air  quality,  water  and  waste 
management and nature protection in Armenia and on the re-organisation of the Ministry of 
Environment  in  Lebanon,  setting  out  the  mandate  of  its  regional  departments.  However, 
implementation  and  enforcement  of  environmental  legislation  requires  continued  attention. 
Many countries continued preparing new legislation, including on environmental expertise in 
Armenia,  water  in  Georgia,  air  quality  in  Jordan,  waste  and  water  in  Moldova,  nature 
protection  and  integrated  coastal  zone  management  in  Morocco,  and  protected  marine  and 
coastal areas in Tunisia. 

Some progress was noted in the adoption of sector-specific strategies, programmes and plans, 
such  as  on  water  in  Jordan,  forestry  in  Ukraine,  biodiversity  in  Morocco,  water  and 
wastewater in Egypt, and waste management in Tunisia. Ukraine and Moldova, together with 
the  other  Danube  countries,  adopted  the  first  Danube  river  basin  management  plan.  Israel 
took  steps  to  prepare  a  packaging  and  packaging  waste  policy  The  preparation  of  new 
strategy documents and plans continued, such as on integrated coastal zone management in 
Georgia  and  Egypt,  waste  management  in  Azerbaijan,  Egypt  and  Jordan,  chemicals  in 
Armenia and air quality and water in Morocco. Overall, partner countries took limited steps 
to integrate environment considerations into other policy sectors. 

Egypt  and  Jordan  strengthened  requirements  for  conducting  environmental 
impact 
assessments  (EIA)  and  Armenia  produced  an  implementation  strategy  on  EIA.  However, 
most partners still need to fully establish or strengthen procedures for EIA, in particular with 
regard to public participation. State-of-the environment reports were published or finalised in 
Egypt,  Jordan,  Tunisia,  and  are  under  preparation  in  Georgia  and  Morocco.  Most  partner 

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countries  took  some  steps  to  inform  and  involve  the  public  on  environment  issues,  but  in 
general access to information and public participation requires further attention. 

Libya accepted the amendments to the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine 
Environment  and  the  Coastal  Region  of  the  Mediterranean.  Otherwise  overall  progress 
remained  limited  in  terms  of  ratifying  and  signing  international  and  regional  environment 
conventions  and  protocols.  Furthermore,  implementation  of  the  many  already  ratified 
agreements remains a challenge in most cases. 

Partner  countries  participated  actively  in  various  regional  initiatives,  such  as  the  Danube-
Black Sea Task Force, the Horizon 2020 Initiative and the preparation of a strategy for water 
in  the  Mediterranean  (although  the  latter  failed  to  get  approval  at  the  recent  ministerial 
meeting of the Union for the Mediterranean). Partner countries also continued to participate 
in  activities  under  the  EU  Water  Initiative,  including  national  policy  dialogues  in  some 
countries. 

The Regional Environmental Centre for the Caucasus (REC) covering Armenia, Azerbaijan 
and  Georgia,  made  good  progress  in  2009.  It  carried  out  regional  activities  notably  in  the 
fields of information and public participation, environmental policy and local environmental 
action plans, the protection and sustainable development of mountain regions.. REC Moldova 
continued  its  activities  even  if  it  is  facing  a  number  of  challenges.  Discussions  continued 
between the European Commission and Ukraine to re-establish the REC in Ukraine, but they 
stalled  in  December.  The  European  Commission  held  a  further  technical  environment 
meeting  with  Belarus  in  June.  The  first  environment  sub-committees  with  Algeria  and  the 
Palestinian  Authority  met.  Environment  sub-committees  with  Armenia  and  Georgia  were 
established. 

ENP partners pursued the construction and upgrading of environment related infrastructure, 
including  with  the  support  of  EU  financing  instruments  such  as  the  Neighbourhood 
Investment  Facility  (NIF),  EU  Member  States  and  International  Financial  Institutions. 
Investment  projects  should  comply  with  the  European  Principles  for  the  Environment3,  a 
commitment  of  five  signatory  European-based  Multilateral  Financing  Institutions,  which 
promote convergence with EU environment policy principles and legislation and in particular 
that  related 
industrial  production,  water  and  waste 
management,  air  and  soil  pollution,  occupational  health  and  safety,  and  the  protection  of 
nature, where these can be applied to specific projects. 

to  environmental  assessment, 

impact  assessment,  public  access 

Many partners are showing a growing interest in EU experiences, and are ready to converge 
with  key  elements  of  the  EU’s  environment  directives.  Regulatory  convergence  should 
continue  to  be  at  the  core  of  the  ENP  as  well  as  cooperation  on  environmental  governance 
(including 
information,  public 
participation in decision-making and public access to courts in environmental matters). In the 
context of the Europe 2020 strategy, the EU aims to move towards an economy that is more 
resource-efficient  and  hence  more  sustainable,  an  area  where  the  EU  and  partners  can 
beneficially  cooperate.  In  addition,  stronger  cooperation  is  urgently  needed  on  biodiversity 
conservation.  2010  is  the  UN's  International  Year  of  Biodiversity  and  global  efforts  to 
implement the Convention on Biological Diversity need to be significantly stepped up. There 

to  environmental 

3 

http://www.eib.org/infocentre/epe/declaration/index.htm?lang=en 

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is  a  need  to  raise  awareness  in  partner  countries  of  the  economic  benefits  derived  from 
ecosystem services and conversely, the costs of losing them. 

In the field of civil protection, the Community Civil Protection Mechanism was mobilised in 
November to assist Ukraine in the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and in January to alleviate 
the consequences of the Ukraine/Russia gas crisis in Moldova, as already mentioned in last 
year’s  report.  The  Eastern  Partnership  flagship  initiative  on  prevention  on,  preparedness  of 
and  response  to  man-made  and  natural  hazards  was  launched  in  December.  The  Euro-
Mediterranean  Programme  on  the  Prevention,  Preparedness  and  Response  to  Natural  and 
Man-Made disasters entered a new phase. Both initiatives aim to reinforce the level of civil 
protection  and  ensure  institutional  cooperation  in  order  to  involve  partner  countries  more 
closely with the European Civil Protection Mechanism and with EU activities and to promote 
cooperation  among  the  partner  countries,  contributing  to  the  development  of  an  integrated 
approach  to  disaster  management.  Moldova  submitted  a  request  to  conclude  a  bilateral 
Administrative  Arrangement  with  the  relevant  Commission  service  in  order  to  strengthen 
cooperation on emergencies as well as in the areas of disaster prevention and preparedness. 

As regards research and innovation, most ENP partner countries continued to increase their 
participation  in  the  7th  Research  Framework  Programme  (FP7).  Countries  who  paid 
particular  attention  to  building  a  strong  national  contact  points  network,  like  Egypt, 
Morocco ,  Ukraine and  Tunisia,  have  reaped  the  benefits  in  the  form  of  increased  success 
under the FP7. In contrast, the participation of a number of countries like Algeria, Armenia 
and Lebanon remained below their potential. In 2009, Ukraine formally expressed interest in 
discussing possible association with FP7; negotiations with Moldova on FP7 association are 
expected  to  begin  shortly.  Moldova  adopted  a  comprehensive  action  plan  with  a  view  to 
preparing  its  possible  association  with  the  FP7.  Israel,  the  only  ENP  country  already  fully 
associated  with  the  FP7  continued  to  perform  at  a  high  level.  A  Science  and  Technology 
Agreement between the EC and the Jordanian Government was signed in 2009 and another 
one  with  Algeria  is  currently  under  preparation.  Egypt  and  Syria  strengthened  their 
cooperation  with  the  Enterprise  Europe  Network.  Morocco  and  Tunisia  submitted  an 
application to join this network. 

At  regional/multilateral  level,  a  call  for  proposals,  ERA-WIDE,  for  all  ENP  countries  to 
develop  the  research  strategy  of  their  research  centres,  and  to  increase  their  cooperation 
capacity and networking with their counterparts in the EU Member States and FP7 associated 
countries  was  issued  in  July  2009. Participation  in  this  call  for  proposals  (74  submitted 
proposals) should improve the quality of research activities and/or promising research centres 
under all FP7 thematic priorities. 

For  the  Mediterranean  partner  countries,  a  call  was  launched  in  July  2009  to  enhance  the 
activities  of  the  ongoing  INCO-NET  MIRA4  by  targeting  two  additional  specific  issues: 
shaping a Euro-Mediterranean Innovation Space and supporting the scientific component of 
the H2020 initiative5. The Euro-Mediterranean Ministerial Conference on Research has been 
prepared for April 2010. 

In  January  2010,  Egypt  hosted  in  Cairo,  in  the  frame  of  the  Union  for  the  Mediterranean, 
the 'Euromed  Innovation  Marketplace'.  This  event  offered  a  platform  for  researchers, 

4 
5 

Mediterranean Innovation and Research Action 
The Horizon 2020 initiative aims to tackle the top sources of Mediterranean pollution by the year 2020 

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scientists,  business  people,  inventors  and  policy  makers  from  Mediterranean  and  EU 
countries to meet, network and further develop projects, business ideas and partnerships. 

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine continued to participate actively in the 
International  S&T  Cooperation  Network  for  Eastern  European  and  Central  Asian  countries 
(FP7 IncoNet EECA project). This aims to support EU-EECA policy dialogue on science and 
technology and to increase EECA participation in FP7. As part of this project, the Moldovan 
Academy  of  Sciences  hosted  a  workshop  on  human  genomics  and  related  issues,  in  April 
2009 in Chişinău. The results of this workshop were submitted to the European Commission 
as input for the definition of potential research topics for future FP7 work programmes. 

In October 2009, the Kyiv State Centre for Scientific, Technical and Economic Information, 
the national information point, organised a workshop in Kyiv on sustainable surface transport 
for  the  FP7  IncoNet  EECA  project.  This  event  brought  together  stakeholders  from  the 
scientific  communities  of  both  EECA  and  EU  Member  States  with  the  aim  of  identifying 
research  topics  of  mutual  interest  in  the  field  of  transport.  Participants  provided 
recommendations as input for the definition of potential research topics, for future FP7 work 
programmes, identifying rail and road transport infrastructure and freight as priority areas of 
common interest. 

As  regards  regulatory approximation  in  the Information  Society sector,  most  partner 
countries  continued  to  complete  their legislation  and  rules progressively,  based  on  the 
principles  of  the  EU  framework.  However,  much  remains  to  be  done  to  establish  a  level 
playing  field  for new  market  players, including  the  imposition  of  appropriate  access 
obligations to open up the markets to effective competition. Fixed telephony and wholesale 
access to the network infrastructure are still a de facto monopoly in several ENP countries. 
However,  in  Israel, Morocco and  Moldova  and,  to  a certain  extent,  in  Egypt,  the  market 
became  more  open.  Except  for  Azerbaijan,  Israel,  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory  and 
Syria, partner countries have established independent regulatory authorities. There is a need 
to  continue  to  strengthen  administrative  capacity  or  independence  in  many  countries,  in 
particular in Armenia, Algeria, Georgia and Lebanon. A majority of countries have granted 
3G  licenses  by  now. Most partner  countries  continued  to  implement  comprehensive 
information  society policies aiming  to  bridge  the  digital  divide  and  promote  the  use  and 
spread of ICT applications and services.  

At regional/multilateral level, the second phase of EUMEDCONNECT was launched in order 
to  ensure  the  continued  connectivity  of  the  Mediterranean  research  networks  among 
themselves  and  with  the  European  Union.  Its  core  is  a  high-capacity  IP-based  data-
communications network serving the research and education communities in seven countries 
across the southern Mediterranean, enabling them to participate in collaborative projects. A 
major  meeting  to  monitor  EUMEDCONNECT  II  took  place  in  Rabat  in  October  2009.  In 
April, the Euro-Mediterranean Group of European Regulators (EMERG) held a contact group 
meeting in Brussels. A workshop on market analysis was organised in Malta as part of NATP 
II (New Approaches to Telecommunications Policy). The third phase of this NATP started in 
October 2009, and in December 2009 participating countries met in Amman (Jordan) to plan 
future  activities.  Under  the  Eastern  Partnership,  similar  events  are  planned  for  Eastern 
regulators  in  the  field  of electronic communications.  In  March  2009,  the  Black  Sea 
Interconnection  (BSI)  project,  the  largest  research  network  project  in  the  region,  was 
implemented  providing  a  boost  to  research  internet  capacity  in  the  area.  BSI  provided  the 
basis  for  closer  cooperation  in  the  region  and  additional  joint  actions  in  the  area  of 

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seismology  and  scientific  resource  sharing.  The  entire BSI  initiative  is  regarded  as  a  role 
model, and a similar initiative is being prepared for Central Asia. 

Partner  countries  made  limited  progress  in  the  audiovisual  sector.  Many  Mediterranean 
partners  still  need  to  set  up  agencies  or  strengthen  their  administrative  capacities.  Eastern 
partner  countries  made  limited  progress  in adopting  the  conventions  in  this  sector. Ukraine 
ratified the European Convention on Transfrontier Television in March 2009. 

Human capital and public health 

Education and training 

Higher Education 

The Bologna Process continued to act as the main policy reference framework for the reform 
of higher education in partner countries6. They advanced on national regulatory frameworks, 
accreditation  structures,  curricula  modernisation  and  quality  enhancement  and  monitoring. 
Most  ENP  partners  pursued  work  on  the  development  of  national  university  standards  and 
accreditation  procedures.  Certain  ENP  partners,  in  particular  the  Bologna  Declaration 
signatories  Armenia,  Azerbaijan  Georgia,  Moldova  and  Ukraine,  have  undertaken  to 
introduce  the  three  cycle  structure  (Bachelors,  Masters,  Doctorate)  by  2010  for  the 
establishment  of  a  European  Higher  Education  Area.  Georgia,  Moldova  and  Tunisia 
implemented  Bologna Process Diploma Supplements, whereas they are being  introduced  in 
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Ukraine. Their use has been compulsory in Algeria since academic 
year  2009-10.  Other  ENP  partner  countries  are  considering  adopting  these  supplements  or 
similar national supplements to improve the transparency of higher education qualifications. 
Greater reference was made to the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) in discussions 
on academic credit transfer and recognition of qualifications. 

The Bologna Declaration of June 1999 was renewed for a further ten years at the Ministerial 
Conference  in  Louvain-La-Neuve  in  April  2009.  Employability,  access,  lifelong  learning, 
student mobility and international cooperation now figure as new priorities alongside earlier 
priorities  of  adoption  of  the  three-cycle  structure,  quality  assurance,  recognition  of 
qualifications  and  supporting  mobility.  Egypt,  Israel,  Morocco  and  Tunisia  were  invited  to 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Bologna  Policy  Forum  with  third  countries  under  the  Ministerial 
Conference, following a decision to develop an ‘external dimension’ to the Bologna Process.  

A second phase of Erasmus Mundus, adopted in December 2008 aims to promote European 
higher  education  and  improve  and  enhance  the  future  career  and  employment  prospects  of 
students. In addition, it acts to promote intercultural understanding through cooperation with 
third  countries  and  to  increase  mobility  flows  between  these  countries  and  the  EU.  The 
incorporation  of  joint  doctoral  programmes  and  the  integration  of  the  former  Erasmus 
Mundus  External  Cooperation  Window  (EMECW)  directly  witin  the  programme  under  the 

6 

Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Moldova  and  Ukraine  joined  the  Bologna  Declaration  in  2005. 
Southern  ENP  partners  adopted  a  declaration  calling  for  the  establishment  of  a  Euro-Mediterranean 
Higher  Education  Area  at  the  First  Euro-Mediterranean  Ministerial  Conference  on  Higher  Education 
and Scientific Research in Cairo in June 2007. The Bologna Declaration of June 1999, signed by 29 
European Ministers of Higher Education, foresees the establishment of a European Higher Education 
Area  by  2010.  The  Bologna  Process  aims  to  put  in  motion  the  reforms  necessary  for  its  creation, 
namely:  the  introduction  of  a  three-cycle  system  (bachelor/master/doctorate),  quality  assurance  and 
mobility and recognition of qualifications and periods of study.  

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new  Action  2  (Partnerships)  were  the  main  changes  of  direct  interest  to  ENP  partner 
countries. 

A total of 108 students and 41 scholars from ENP partner countries were awarded Erasmus 
Mundus Masters Course scholarships under the new Action 1 of Erasmus Mundus in 2009. In 
addition, student and academic mobility is to receive an additional boost in the academic year 
2009-2010  under  the  new  Action  2  (Partnerships)  of  Erasmus  Mundus.  Mobility  flows 
between  ENP  partner  countries  and  the  EU  totalled  1013  for  the  academic  year  2008-9, 
including  899  students  and  academics  from  ENP  partner  countries.  This  testifies  to  the 
relevance  of  Erasmus  Mundus  in  supporting  higher  education  reform  and  international 
mobility. 

As  from  2009,  higher  education  institutions  from  ENP  and  other  third  countries  can  now 
participate  in  Erasmus  Mundus  Master  Courses  (EMMC)  and  Erasmus  Mundus  Joint 
Doctorates (EMJD) as full partners from the outset under Action 2 of Erasmus Mundus. 

Under  the  Jean  Monnet  Programme,  only  one  new  Jean  Monnet  Chair  was  awarded  in 
Georgia  and  Ukraine  in  2009  and  one  Jean  Monnet  Information  and  Research  Action  in 
Ukraine.  Considering  the  close  geographical  proximity  of  ENP  partners  to  the  EU  and  the 
common  interest  in  pursuing  international  cooperation  the  European  Commission  would 
welcome the closer involvement of ENP partners.  

The  Tempus  programme  continued  to  support  higher  education  reform  in  ENP  partner 
countries by promoting voluntary convergence with EU developments including the Bologna 
Process.  The  second  call  for  proposals  under  Tempus  IV  had  an  increasing  response  from 
ENP  partners.  The  ENPI  region  countries  (ENP  and  the  Russian  Federation)  showed 
increased  interest  in  multi-country  and  inter-regional  projects.  A  total  of  28  projects  from 
ENP countries were selected under the call, plus a further 14 for the Russian Federation.  

Regarding quality enhancement in higher education, ENP partners are encouraged to refer to 
the  European  Standards  and  Guidelines  for  Quality  Assurance  in  Higher  Education  (ESG). 
Where applicable, partners are also encouraged to join the European Association for Quality 
Assurance  in  Higher  Education  (ENQA)  as  full  or  associate  members  and  to  join  the 
European  Quality  Assurance  Register  (EQUAR)  as  government  members.  Work  on  the 
development  of  national  quality  assurance  authorities  is  ongoing  in  many  ENP  partner 
countries. To date, independent, single-agency authorities have been established in Armenia, 
Georgia  and  Jordan.  As  before,  ENP  partners  are  encouraged  to  facilitate  greater  student 
participation  in  decision-making  processes  within  universities  and  higher  education 
institutions  and  to  develop  effective  measures  to  combat  corruption.  The  academic  quality 
and  relevance  of  taught  programmes  including  those  developed  through  cooperation  under 
Tempus  will  be  enhanced  if  social  dialogue  in  higher  education  is  vigorously  pursued  with 
enterprises.  

Vocational Education and Training  

ENP  partners  further  progressed  in  the  reform  of  vocational  education  and  training.  They 
implemented  national  reform  strategies,  predicated  on  the  gradual  introduction  of  new 
competence-based  training  standards  and  the  development  of  parallel  quality  monitoring 
mechanisms.  ENP  partners  continued  to  give  attention  to  the  introduction  of  a  life-long 
learning  perspective  and  more  integrated  and  coherent  vocational  education  and  training 
provision. Work continued, on the design of national qualification frameworks in line with or 

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modelled  on  the  European  Qualifications  Framework  (EQF)  in  Algeria,  Armenia,  Egypt, 
Georgia, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, Syria and Ukraine and began in Lebanon. The process 
requires the support of all relevant public authorities and national stakeholders to ensure that 
the  frameworks  correspond  to  national  education  and  training  requirements.  ENP  partners 
continued to face significant challenges as regards the development of training to meet future 
skills needs. Efforts need to be intensified to ensure the financial viability of reforms and to 
establish effective mechanisms of social dialogue so as to ensure the labour-market relevance 
of  training  provision.  In  this  respect,  Azerbaijan,  Armenia,  Georgia,  Moldova  and  Ukraine 
continued work on social dialogue with EC financial assistance and the technical support of 
the European Training Foundation (ETF).  

In  January  2010,  the  European  Training  Foundation  launched  the  Torino  Process  for  a 
participatory review of progress in vocational education and training policy in ENP partner 
countries, the Russian Federation, Western Balkans, Turkey and Central Asia. The objective 
of the Torino Process is to provide a concise,  documented  analysis  of  vocational  education 
and  training  reform  in  each  country  in  order  to  improve  the  contribution  of  vocational 
education  and  training  to  sustainable  development,  competitiveness  and  social  cohesion.  In 
the  medium  to  long-term,  the  Torino  Process  aims  to  become  a  guided  self-assessment 
exercise for reform monitoring in partner countries, sustaining a ‘policy-learning’ approach7. 

In 2009, the European Training Foundation completed the Black Sea Labour Market Review 
project and published analytical country reports on the labour markets of Armenia, Georgia, 
Moldova and Ukraine, in the context of human capital development. As part of the Black Sea 
Synergy Initiative, the project aims to report on human capital development issues in the six 
countries of the Black Sea Region. Country reports on Azerbaijan and Belarus remain to be 
completed. 
In addition, the European Training Foundation involved a number of Mediterranean partners 
in  a  pilot  exercise  of  peer-to  peer  learning  in  the  area  of  entrepreneurial  learning  in  higher 
education. 

Youth  

ENP partners continued to promote youth exchanges and informal education with a view to 
enhancing  understanding  and  intercultural  dialogue  and  improving  the  social  integration  of 
young people. However, the formulation and development of coherent national youth policies 
remained weak and often uncoordinated between concerned states agencies. The integration 
of  youth  needs  into  wider  reform  plans  in  areas  such  as  health,  social  welfare,  justice  and 
employment remained an important policy challenge.  

Increased levels of participation were registered for voluntary service actions under Youth in 
Action in partner countries as compared to 2008 (see Annex). Youth exchanges between the 
Mediterranean  ENP  partners,  including  voluntary  service  actions  and  youth  policy  support 
actions were facilitated under the Euro Mediterranean Youth III Programme, which ended in 
2009.  In  July  2009,  the  programme  financed  ten  national  youth  studies  in  Algeria,  Egypt, 
Israel,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  Morocco,  the  occupied  Palestinian  territory,  Syria,  Tunisia  and 
Turkey.  They  identified  legislation  or  national  strategies  addressing  youth  needs  and  the 
provision  of non-formal education and youth  work. The studies  focused on young people’s 

7 

The  Torino  Process  will  build  on  various  and  complementary  quantitative  and  qualitative  evidence 
such  as  statistical  data  and  indicators,  good  practice,  qualitative  assessments  drawing  upon  existing 
national and international studies and reports on an inclusive, multi-stakeholder basis. 

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rights  and  entitlements  as  active  citizens,  the  challenges  faced  by  young  people  in 
employment,  housing  and  the  generational/cultural  conflict  and  governmental  and  non-
governmental  responses  in  terms  of  the  provision  of  non-formal  education  and  leisure  time 
activities8.  They  demonstrated  that  non-formal  education  has  a  limited  policy  priority,  with 
most resources and attention being devoted to formal education provision. All ENP partners 
concerned have confirmed their interest in pursuing and enhancing similar cooperation under 
the  Euro  Mediterranean  Youth  IV  programme  which  will  start  in  2010.  Visa  problems 
continue  to  act  as  obstacles  to  the  further  development  of  youth  exchanges  and  voluntary 
service actions in particular for disadvantaged young people across all partner countries.  

Culture 

All partner countries, except Israel, Lebanon and Morocco, have ratified the 2005 UNESCO 
Convention  on  the  Protection  and  Promotion  of  the  Diversity  of  Cultural  Expressions9. 
Implementation  of  the  convention  remained  key  for  enhancing  cultural  cooperation  and 
advancing policy dialogue. 

Relevant Ministries and state agencies remained reticent to engage with independent cultural 
actors  and  to  encourage  free  association  and  expression  and  the  free  circulation  of  cultural 
works  and  artists.  Policy  attention  and  resources  are  mostly  devoted  to  cultural  heritage 
rehabilitation  and  awareness  actions  at  the  expense  of  engagement  with  contemporary 
cultural  expression  and  action.  In  addition,  monopolistic  attitudes  towards  definitions  of 
cultural  activity  as  well  as  lack  of  transparency  in  the  allocation  of  public  funding  act 
continued to hinder the development of future inclusive cultural policies.  

In order to complement the Kyiv Initiative and to enhance policy dialogue on culture in the 
context  of  the  Eastern  Partnership,  relevant  Eastern  partners  should  expedite  the  signature 
and ratification of the 2000 European Landscape Convention and the 2005 Council of Europe 
Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society.  

In 2009, a Special Action for ENP countries that have ratified the 2005 UNESCO Convention 
(Armenia,  Belarus,  Egypt,  Georgia,  Jordan,  Moldova,  occupied  Palestinian  territory  and 
Tunisia) was launched under the Culture Programme (Strand 1.3, Cooperation Projects with 
Third  Countries).  These  ENP  partners  were  considered  eligible  as  they  have  concluded 
Association or Partnership and Cooperation Agreements with the EU which include a cultural 
clause.  A  total  of  41  applications  were  received  involving  73  partners  from  cultural 
organisations  in  the  eight  eligible  ENP  countries.  The  themes  covered:  cultural  heritage; 
visual arts; performing arts; literature, books and reading; architecture, design and the applied 
arts; multi-media and new technologies; and interdisciplinary activities.  

In 2009, the Euro-Med Heritage IV programme was launched to encourage the appropriation 
of cultural heritage by local populations and improve access to knowledge of cultural heritage 
across  the  Mediterranean.  Twelve  projects  were  selected  covering  a  diversity  of  themes, 
including  the  preservation  of  written  heritage,  promotion  of  intangible  cultural  heritage, 
youth outreach and engagement in culture, and the management of water heritage.  

8 

9 

Studies  on  Youth  in  Meda  Countries:  http://www.euromedyouth.net/studies-on-youth-policies-in-
meda,027.  The  10  national  studies  were  summarised  in  a  regional  overview  “Introducing  Youth 
Policies in the Mediterranean Partner Countries” 
Ukraine ratified the Convention in January 2010. The occupied Palestinian territory is not in a position 
to ratify the Convention 

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In  February  2009,  the  Anna  Lindh  Euro-Mediterranean  Foundation  launched  the  ‘Restore 
Trust-Rebuild Bridges’ Initiative in cooperation with the Alliance of Civilizations as a means 
to  promote  conciliation,  dialogue  and  confidence-building  between  peoples  in  the  Middle 
East  following  the  events  of  December  2008.  Its  wider  objective  is  to  help  restore  trust  in 
social,  political  and  cultural  dialogue  as  the  only  effective  means  to  solve  tensions  and 
conflicts  in  the  Euro-Mediterranean  space.  In  2009,  the  Foundation  continued  its 
development  of  an  Arab  Children’s  Literature  programme  in  Egypt,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  the 
occupied Palestinian territory and Syria with Swedish bi-lateral assistance. The programme 
aims  to  encourage  children’s  literature  and  reading  as  a  means  to  develop  the  child’s  core 
social  competences  and  life  skills.  The  focus  is  on  improving  book  quality  and  integrating 
pleasure reading into school curricula in cooperation with teachers, libraries, the publishing 
industry,  universities  and  relevant  Ministries.  The  Foundation’s  other  strategic  activities  in 
2009  focused  on  intercultural  education;  cultural  production;  media  and  intercultural 
dialogue; ideas and ideologies; religion, spirituality and values and cities and diversity.  

In 2009, the CIUDAD programme (Cooperation in Inter-Urban Development and Dialogue) 
was  launched,  following  up  inter-regional  action  under  Med-Pact10  and  the  TACIS  Cities 
Award  Scheme  (TCAS)11.  CIUDAD  promotes  cooperation  between  local  and  regional 
governments in capacity building for improved governance in sustainable urban development 
and  planning.  It  complements  cross-border  cooperation  and  strengthens  cooperation  in 
governance and sustainable development between local and regional authorities on an inter-
regional  basis.  Twenty-one  intra-  and  inter-regional  (East-South)  projects  were  selected 
involving  partnerships  from  all  ENP  countries  and  the  Russian  Federation.  They  cover 
energy,  the  environment,  economic  and  social  cohesion  and  urban  planning  as  well  as 
enhancing the role and input of civil society in decision-making processes.  

Concerning  Cross-Border  Cooperation  (CBC),  thirteen  of  the  planned  fifteen  CBC 
programmes under the ENPI are being implemented. Two CBC programmes (Spain-Morocco 
and  the  CBC  Atlantic  Programme)  remain  to  be  finalised.  The  majority  of  the  calls  for 
proposals to implement the CBC programmes were launched in 2009 and the selection of the 
projects is ongoing. Financing Agreements (FAs) to regulate financial flows between the EC 
and  third  countries  were  signed  with  most  partners,  except  with  Morocco  and  Azerbaijan. 
The  Russian  Federation  joined  five  programmes  to  which  it  contributed  more  than  €  100 
million.  

In the area of health, ENP partners continued their longer-term efforts to reform the sector. 
Key  issues  include  better  primary  health  care,  increased  efficiency,  financial  sustainability, 
and enhanced accessibility to health services including for the most vulnerable. In 2009, the 
ENP partners, like the EU, took measures to combat influenza A (H1N1). Measures included 
enhanced surveillance, additional budget allocations, quarantine, vaccination, and awareness 
campaigns. In the case of Ukraine, the EU provided assistance to combat influenza A (H1N1) 
through  the  Civil  Protection  Mechanism  and  bilateral  assistance.  The  European  Centre  for 
Disease  Prevention  and  Control,  in  close  cooperation  with  WHO,  also  provided  support  to 
Ukraine.  In  June  2009,  in  view  of  the  Influenza  A  (H1N1)  epidemic,  the  European 
Commission proposed to several ENP partners to establish communication channels for the 
exchange  of  epidemiological  information  in  the  event  of  health  crises.  Such  channels  have 
effectively  been  established  with  Jordan  and  Moldova.  Both  non-communicable  and 

10 
11 

http://www.med-pact.eu 
http://www.tcas.rec.org 

EN 

23 

   EN 

 
                                                 
communicable diseases continue to be major public health challenges in the neighbourhood. 
In  the  Eastern  neighbourhood,  combating  HIV/AIDS  and,  to  some  extent,  tuberculosis 
remain  public  health  concerns.  In  February  2009,  Ukraine  adopted  a  new  HIV/AIDS 
programme  for  2009-2013.  The  European  Commission  invited,  also  in  2009,  Belarus, 
Moldova  and  Ukraine  to  its  HIV/AIDS  Think  Tank.  In  its  dialogue  and  cooperation  with 
ENP  partners,  the  EU  pursued  the  promotion  of  implementation  of  the  Framework 
Convention  on  Tobacco  Control  (FCTC)12  and  the  International  Health  Regulations13.  In 
February 2009, Moldova acceded to the FCTC. In October 2009, the European Commission 
invited  the  ENP  partners  to  join  the  newly  established,  annual,  enlarged  health  information 
committee, in which the Member States, EFTA countries and (potential) candidate countries 
also participate. The EU and the Mediterranean ENP partners continued their cooperation in 
the  EpiSouth  Network  for  Communicable  Diseases  Control  in  Southern  Europe  and  the 
Mediterranean.  Within  the  HIV/AIDS  Think  Tank  and  the  above-mentioned  networks,  the 
EU, the ENP partners, the ECDC and the World Health Organisation (WHO) sustained their 
interaction on health policy issues.  

Operational aspects 

In  2009,  TAIEX14  remained  a  valuable  support  instrument  for  advancing  transition  and 
reform.  It  provided  ENP  partners  advice  and  technical  assistance  to  support  their  efforts  to 
converge  with  European  practices  and  standards  in  a  wide  range  of  policies.  The  European 
Commission ensured the consistency of TAIEX events with country-specific sectoral policy 
dialogue.  The  attached  table  and  charts  (Annex)  reflect  the  extent  to  which  ENP  partner 
countries  have  made  use  of  this  instrument  in  the  period  up  to  31  December  2009.  The 
European  Commission  has  also  included  them  in  multi-country  TAIEX  events  on  topics  of 
common  interest.  A  36%  increase  in  applications  was  registered  in  2009  compared  with 
2008.  

ENP  partners  continued  to  benefit  from  the  twinning15  instrument  under  the  European 
Neighbourhood  and  Partnership  Instrument.  The  long-term  twinning  of  experienced  EU 
Member State officials with their peers in an ENP partner country contributed to reforms and 
to the transfer of EU legislative, regulatory and institutional experience.  

By the end of 2009, 114 twinning covenants had been established while 110 covenants were 
still being prepared and under negotiation with 12 ENP partner countries. These 224 twinning 
projects  are  well  spread  between  ENP  partner  countries  and  across  a  wide  range  of  sector 
policies (see Annex). 

SIGMA  continued  to  work  with  Armenia,  Azerbaijan,  Georgia,  Egypt,  Jordan,  Moldova, 
Morocco, Tunisia and Ukraine. It supports governance and public administration reforms in 
areas such as administrative law and administrative justice, public expenditure management, 
internal  and  external  audit,  public  procurement,  civil  service  reform  and  regulatory 
management.  As  a  joint  initiative  of  the  OECD  and  the  European  Union,  SIGMA  assisted 
national reform teams of ENP partners by providing ‘peer practitioner’ expertise in the form 
of  either  OECD  staff  or  public  servants  from  within  Member  State  administrations.  It 

12 
13 
14 

15

WHO FCTC: http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf 
http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA58/WHA58_3-en.pdf 
TAIEX provides short-term technical assistance and advice on convergence with EU legislation, best practices and standards and 
on related administrative capacity needs, technical training and peer assistance, as well as a data base and information network 
that facilitates the monitoring of approximation measures, see also : http://taiex.ec.europa.eu 
http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/index_en.htm 

EN 

24 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
engaged in a total of 54 reform support activities in all ENP countries in 2009, principally in 
the areas of financial control and external audit, public procurement and the legal framework 
for the public administration (see Annex). 

EU programmes and EU agencies  

During  2009,  the  European  Commission  further  promoted,  under  certain  conditions,  the 
extension  of  the  possibility  for  ENP  partners  to  participate  in  EU  programmes  and  EU 
agencies16.  Such  participation  can  help  ENP  partner  countries  to  strengthen  their 
administrative and regulatory capacities in a range of policy fields. ENP partners are eligible 
to participate or to cooperate in a wide range of EU programmes17. The Protocol concluded 
with Israel in 200818 to enable it to participate in EU programmes still awaits the consent of 
the  European  Parliament  before  its  formal  conclusion.  To  date,  it  remains  provisionally 
applicable. In 2009, negotiations on a similar protocol were concluded with Moldova while 
those with Morocco and Ukraine continued. With regard to participation in the work of EU 
agencies, preliminary technical cooperation on food safety, in the form of a seminar, started 
between EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ENP partners. Technical cooperation 
arrangements  on  aviation  safety  have  been  approved  between  EASA  (European  Aviation 
Safety Agency) and Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Moldova, Morocco and Ukraine. 
Technical  cooperation  arrangements  with  FRONTEX  are  in  force  with  Georgia,  Moldova 
and Ukraine while they remain under discussion with Egypt and Morocco. Formal contacts 
have  also  been  established  between  EUROJUST  and  Egypt,  Israel,  Moldova  and  Ukraine. 
An information seminar on participation in EU programmes and EU agencies took place in 
December in the occupied Palestinian territory. 

Neighbourhood Investment Facility 

In 2009 the Neighbourhood Investment Facility (NIF) entered its second year of operation. 
It  provides  grant  support  to  lending  operations  by  the  EIB,  the  EBRD,  and  other  European 
finance institutions in support of projects in the European Neighbourhood region.  

The NIF was established to pursue three objectives:  

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Establishing  better  energy  and  transport  infrastructure  interconnections  between  the 
EU and neighbouring countries and among neighbouring countries themselves; 

Addressing threats to our common environment including climate change; 

Promoting  equitable  socio-economic  development  and  job  creation  through  support 
for small and medium-sized enterprise and the social sector. 

In  order  to  accomplish  these  objectives  the  NIF  uses  a  broad  range  of  measures, 
encompassing co-financing through direct grants, loan guarantees, interest rate subsidies, and 
technical assistance for project preparation and supervision. 

16 

17

18 

COM (2006) 724 of 4 December 2006, see “Other relevant Commission Documents” at 
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/documents_en.htm 
For a full list of these programmes, see “Other relevant Commission Documents” at 
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/documents_en.htm 
Official Journal L129 of 17/05/2008, pp 39-43 

EN 

25 

   EN 

 
                                                 
 
The  EC  budget  grant  contribution  amounted  to  €  185  million  in  2007-0919.  This  was 
complemented by Member State grant funding contribution to the ‘NIF Trust Fund’, worth 
approximately € 47 million (see Annex for an overview of the Member State pledges in 2008 
and 2009).  

In  its  second  year  of  operations,  13  projects  were  approved  (15  projects  in  2008).  These 
projects  received  a  total  financing  of  €  104,7  million  from  the  NIF  (an  increase  of  46% 
compared  with  €  71,3  million  in  2008),  and  contributed  to  leverage  loans  from  European 
Finance Institutions amounting to € 4,76 billion (a threefold increase compared with the 2008 
level of € 1,65 bn).  

Through  financing  these  large  projects,  the  NIF  supports  the  reform  priorities  agreed  with 
ENP partner countries and contributes to the investment necessary to further integrate the EU 
and  its  neighbours.  The  full  list  of  projects  approved  in  2009  and  an  overview  of  the 
distribution  of  NIF  contributions  per  country,  sector  and  objective  are  presented  in  the 
Annex.  

19 

For the 2007-2013 period, the European Commission has earmarked a total amount of € 700 million 
for the NIF 

EN 

26 

   EN 

 
                                                 
Overview of Annexes 

(1) 

(2) 

Governance related indicators for ENP partner countries: 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 

Tables of international human rights’ conventions binding ENP partner countries 

(3)  Main macroeconomic indicators of ENP partner countries 

(4) 

(5) 

Tables on mobility under Youth in Actions, Erasmus Mundus, TEMPUS IV 

Tables of TAIEX events with ENP partner countries 

(6) 

Tables on SIGMA 

(7) 

(8) 

Tables on twinning projects with ENP partner countries 

Neighbourhood Investment Facility projects  

EN 

27 

   EN 

 
Governance / Freedom of the Press / Human Rights & Fundamental Freedoms 

GOVERNANCE 

FREEDOM OF PRESS 

HUMAN RIGHTS & FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOM 

Transparency 
International 
CORRUPTION 
PERCEPTION INDEX 

World Bank 
REGULATORY 
QUALITY 

Reporters Without 
Borders WORLWIDE 
PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 

World Bank 
VOICE AND 
ACCOUNTABILITY

Freedom House 
POLITICAL RIGHTS 

Freedom House CIVIL 
LIBERTIES 

2006  2007  2008  2009  2006  2007  2008 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2006 

2007 

2008  2006  2007  2008  2009

2006  2007  2008  2009 

Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Egypt 
Georgia 
Israel 
Jordan 
Lebanon 
Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied 
Palestinian 
territory 

Tunisia  
Ukraine 

2.9 

2.4 

2.8 

2.8 

5.9 

5.3 

3.6 
3.2 

3.2 

3 

2.1 

3.4 

3.4 

6.1 

4.7 

3 
2.8 

3.5 

2.9 

1.9 

2.8 

3.9 

6 

5.1 

3 
2.9 

3.5 

2.7 

2.3 

2.8 

4.1 

6.1 

5 

2.5 
3.3 

59 

60.2 

61.8 

25.5 

23.63  22.75  31.13

34.1 

35.1 

2.1 

3.4 

42.5 

47 

55.4 

53.63 

53.5 

49.03

46.25 

58 

50.25  51.38

44.4 

58.7 

68.8 

78 

82.5 

86 

21 

12 

20.83  31.25  18.83

13.25 

8.83 

23.75

62.9 

62.1 

62.8 

27.5 

40.21 

36 

31.88

51.7 
41.5 

47.6 
42.7 

48.3 
47.8 

27 

28.75 

15.42
19.17  24.75  21.38  33.75

14 

26.9 

14.9 

17.8 

44.7 

70.2 

28.8 

31.3 
32.7 

30.3 

14.9 

11.5 

42.3 

69.7 

27.4 

34.1 
36.5 

28.8 

13.5 

14.4 

40.4 

68.3 

26.9 

35.6 
38.9 

3.3 

47.9 

51 

52.7 

24.83  33.25  32.25 

41 

28.4 

29.3 

27.9 

4.6 

2.8 

4.2 

2.7 

4.4 

2.5 

4.2 

2.2 

11.7 

47 

58 

56.8 

55.6 

53.75 

32 

57 

51.25  69.83

25 

48.1 

61.5 

32.7 

36.4 

39.1 

26.5 

26.75  19.25  22,00

19.9 

45.7 

13 

45.2 

11.5 

47.1 

5 

6 

6 

3 

1 

5 

5 
3 

5 

5 

6 

3 

5 

6 

7 

3 

1 

5 

4 
3 

5 

4 

6 

3 

5 

6 

6 

4 

1 

5 

5 
3 

5 

5 

7 

3 

6 

6 

6 

4 

1 

5 

5 
4 

5 

5 

7 

3 

4 

5 

5 

3 

2 

4 

4 
4 

4 

5 

5 

2 

4 

5 

6 

3 

2 

4 

4 
4 

4 

6 

5 

2 

4 

5 

5 

4 

2 

4 

4 
4 

4 

6 

5 

2 

4 

5 

5 

4 

2 

5 

4 
4 

4 

6 

5 

2 

EN 

28 

EN 

 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
State of Ratification / Signature of selected Human Rights Conventions 

Source: http://treaties.un.org/ 

State of 
ratification/ 
signature of 
major HR 
conventions 
* 

ICCPR 
International 
Covenant on 
Civil and 
Political Rights 
OP1 

ICESCR 
International 
Covenant on 
Economic, 
Social and 
Cultural Rights 

CEDAW 
Convention on 
the Elimination 
of All Forms of 
Discrimination 
against Women  

OP2 

OP 

OP 

CAT 
Convention 
against Torture 

OP  

Right to 
Individual 
Complaint 
(Art.22) 

ICCPR 
23/06/1993 

ARMENIA 

OP1 - 23/06/1993 

13/09/1993 

CEDAW 
13/09/1993  

OP – 29/09/2009 

OP - 16/09/2006 

CAT 13/09/1993 

OP 14/09/2006 
Art. 22 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

ICCPR 
13/08/1992 

AZERBAIJAN 

OP1 - 27/11/2001 

OP2 - 22/01/1999 

13/08/1992 

CEDAW 
10/07/1995 

OP-25/09/2009 

OP - 1/06/2001 

CAT 16/08/1996 

OP 15/09/2005 
Art. 22 4/02/2002 

EGYPT 

ICCPR 
14/01/1982 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

14/01/1982 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
18/09/1981 R 

OP - NO 

CAT 25/06/1986 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

CRC 
Convention on 
the Rights of the 
Child  

OP AC  

OP SC 

CRC 23/06/1993

OP-AC - 
30/09/2005 

OP-SC - 
30/06/2005 

CRC 13/08/1992

OP-AC - 
3/07/2002 

OP-SC - 
3/07/2002 

CRC 6/07/1990 R

OP-AC - 
6/02/2007 

OP-SC - 
12/07/2002 

ICCPR 3/05/1994 

GEORGIA 

OP1 - 3/05/1994 

OP2 - 22/03/1999 

3/05/1994 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
26/10/1994  

OP - 30/07/2002 

CAT 26/10/1994 

CRC 2/06/1994 

OP - 9/08/2005  

OP-AC - NO 

Art. 22 
30/06/2005 

OP-SC - 
28/06/2005 

ISRAEL 

ICCPR 
3/10/1991  

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

3/10/1991  

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
3/10/1991 R 

OP - NO 

CAT 3/10/1991 R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

28/05/1975 

28/05/1975 

JORDAN 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
1/07/1992 R 

OP - NO 

CAT 13/11/1991 

OP – NO  

Art. 22 - NO 

CRC 3/10/1991 

OP-AC - 
18/07/2005 

OP-SC - 
23/07/2008 

CRC 24/05/1991 
R 

OP-AC - 
23/05/2007 

OP-SC - 
4/12/2006 

EN 

29 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3/11/1972  

3/11/1972 

LEBANON 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
16/04/1997 R 

OP - NO 

CAT 5/10/2000 

OP - signed  

Art. 22 - NO 

REPUBLIC 
OF 
MOLDOVA 

ICCPR 
26/01/1993 

26/01/1993 

OP1 - 23/01/2008 

OP2 - 20/09/2006 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
1/07/1994  

OP - 28/02/2006 

CAT 28/11/1995 

OP 24/07/2006  

Art. 22 - NO 

CRC 14/05/1991

OP-AC - 
11/02/2002 

OP-SC - 
8/11/2004 

CRC 26/01/1993

OP-AC - 
7/04/2004 

OP-SC - 
12/04/2007 

3/05/1979 

MOROCCO 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

3/05/1979 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
21/06/1993 R 

OP - NO 

18/03/1969 

TUNISIA 

OP1 - NO 

OP2 - NO 

18/03/1969 

OP - NO 

CEDAW 
20/09/1985 R 

OP - 23/09/2008 

ICCPR 
12/11/1973  

12/11/1973  

UKRAINE 

OP1 - 25/07/1991 

OP2 - 25/07/2007 

OP – 24/09/09 

CEDAW 
12/03/1981  

OP - 26/09/2003 

CAT 21/06/1993 
R 

CRC 21/06/1993 
R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 
19/10/2006 

OP-AC - 
22/05/2002 

OP-SC - 
2/10/2001 

CAT 23/09/1988 
R 

CRC 30/01/1992 
R 

OP - NO  

Art. 22 
22/09/1988 

OP-AC - 
2/01/2003 

OP-SC - 
13/09/2002 

CAT 24/02/1987 

CRC 28/08/1991

OP - 19/09/2006  

Art. 22 
12/09/2003 

OP-AC - 
11/07/2005 

OP-SC - 
3/07/2003 

last update 11 February 2010 

*  date  of  signature  in  bold;  date  of  ratification  in  standard.  Also  in  bold  where  an  instrument  has  been 
neither signed nor ratified (“NO”). 

R: text adopted with reservations 

EN 

30 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State of 
ratification/ 
signature of 
major HR 
conventions * 

CERD 
Convention on 
the Elimination of 
all Forms of 
Racial 
Discrimination  

Right to 
Individual 
Complaint (Art.14) 

CMW 

Rome Statute 

Convention on 
Migrant Workers 

International 
Criminal Court 

CED 

International 
Convention for 
the Protection of 
All Persons from 
Enforced 
Disappearance 

 CRPD 
Convention on 
the Rights of 
Persons with 
Disabilities 

ARMENIA 

CERD 23/06/1993 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

1/10/1999 

OP 

30/03/2007 

10/04/2007 

OP – 30/03/2007 

AZERBAIJAN 

CERD 16/08/1996 

Art. 14 27/09/2001 

11/01/1999 

NO 

06/02/2007 

EGYPT 

CERD 1/05/1967  

Art. 14 - NO 

19/02/1993 

26/12/2000 

NO 

28/01/2009  

OP- 28/01/2009  

14/04/2008 

OP - NO 

GEORGIA 

CERD 2/06/1999 

Art. 14 30/06/2005 

NO 

5/09/2003 

10/07/2009 

OP – 10/07/2009 

NO 

CERD 3/01/1979 R  

ISRAEL 

NO 

31/12/2000 

NO 

30/03/2007 

Art. 14 - NO 

JORDAN 

CERD 30/05/1974 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

11/04/2002 

NO 

31/03/2008 

OP-30/03/2007 

EN 

31 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LEBANON 

CERD 12/11/1971 
R 

NO 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

NO 

14/01/2007 

REPUBLIC OF 
MOLDOVA 

CERD 26/01/1993  

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

8/09/2000 

06/02/07 

MOROCCO 

CERD 18/12/1970 
R  

Art. 14 19/10/2006 

21/06/1993  

8/09/2000 

TUNISIA 

CERD 13/01/1967 

Art. 14 - NO 

NO 

NO 

06/02/2007 

06/02/2007 

UKRAINE 

CERD 20/06/1974 
R  

Art. 14 28/07/1992 

last update 11 February 2010 

NO 

20/01/2000 

NO 

* date of signature in bold; date of ratification in standard. Also in bold where an instrument 
has been neither signed nor ratified (“NO”). 

R: text adopted with reservations 

30/03/2007 

OP - NO 

08/04/2009 

OP - 08/04/2009 

02/04/2008 

OP – 02/04/2008 

04/02/10 

OP – 04/02/10 

EN 

32 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Main Macro Economic Indicators 

Real GDP growth

Inflation

GDP per Capita

Unemployment

Central Goverment Balance

Gross Publlic Debt

Current Account 
Balance

Trade Balance

Foreign Direct 
Investment

(% change)

(period average)

(in EUR)

(%officially registered)

(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)

(% of GDP)

(net, % of GDP)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Algeria

Armenia

5,3

2,2

3,0

3,0

2,1

14,0 13,3 13,7

6,8 -15,4

1,6

0,6

2,5

2,9

3,5

4,4

4,5

9,0

Azerbaijan

26,4 34,5 25,0 10,8

9,0

5,3 11,4 19,7 15,4

5,6

3,2

1,5

1223,0

1584,0

2081,0

2524,0

1921,0

2086,0

3455,0

4785,0

7459,0

8530,0

2580,0

2866,0

2973,0

3572,0

3448,0

15,4 12,3 13,8 11,3 10,2 11,9 13,6 11,8

27,3

23,8

19,0

15,1

18,6 20,6 25,2 23,6 19,6

3,2 25,7 29,1 25,5 24,1

2,5

24,3

18,7

17,4

15,9

37,4

-3,9

-1,4

-6,4 -11,5 -13,7 -13,2 -14,0 -17,3 -22,3 -23,5

11,1

7,7

6,5

4,1

4,3

1,3 18,4 28,9 35,5

7,4 25,0 38,3 48,8 49,7 22,9

1,5

7,0

1,0

7,6

0,6

7,8

0,7

3,1

-6,2 -16,6

-4,1

-8,0

8,2 10,5

0,2 10,3

7,0 12,1 13,3 10,0

2476,0

3018,0

3368,0

4271,0

3237,0

7,1

4,7 11,4

4,2 11,0 11,7 16,2

1004,0

1239,0

1371,0

1490,0

1815,0

10,5 11,0 10,3

9,6

11,0

11,6

19,0

20,0

-6,9 104,4

90,4

80,2

70,2

72,8

1,6

3,2

-1,8

-5,0

-8,2 -10,0

1,0

-4,5

-9,0

-9,6 -14,0

1,6

1,7

0,5

-2,3 -11,6 -11,2 -12,5 -14,4 -13,4

0,4

5,6

3,0

8,1

3,6

7,5

-3,9

0,5

3,0

5,5

2,1

8,2

1,3

3,5

-0,7

2,9

9,2

2,1

6,3

5,6

1,4

5,4 14,0

4,1 10,8

6,2 10,4

2,5

1,1

5,0

9,2 10,1

1,7

1201,0

1415,0

1679,0

1987,0

1774,0

13,8 13,6 13,3 16,5 16,5

0,5 46,0

3,6 16232,0 16858,0 17337,0 19379,0 19713,0

9,0

7,7

7,3

6,1

7,8,

-9,2

-5,1

27,1

28,9

22,9

26,6

40,5 -11,1 -15,1 -19,7 -22,7 -12,2 -18,9 -23,9 -26,8 -29,8 -22,5

7,1 15,3 16,4 12,2

95,9

84,4

78,1

76,8

79,9

3,4

5,3

2,5

1,2

3,5

-0,2

0,6

-1,7

-1,3

2,1

1,0

-0,1

1,2

0,9

1601,0

1816,0

1989,0

2335,0

2333,0

14,8 13,9 13,5 12,6 13,5 -10,0

-9,2

-9,3 -12,5

84,2

73,5

73,0

62,0

62,7 -17,9 -11,3 -16,7 -23,9

-6,5 -42,0 -37,6 -38,0 -44,7 -26,6 12,0 22,1 11,5 11,8

4403,0

4350,0

4450,0

4859,0

5587,0

6294,0

7208,0

8023,0 10567,0

6973,0

na

na

7,3

na

na

na

na

-8,5 -11,2 -10,8 -10,0 -10,5 178,0 180,0 168,0 160,0 162,0 -13,4

-5,6

-7,1 -11,3 -11,2 -28,4 -13,5 -18,2 -18,7 -16,0

8,0 11,9

na 17,0 20,7

na 29,4 31,4 25,5 24,6 10,6

7,0

5,4

4,9

4,3

7,3 38,9 44,6 40,7 40,7 16,8 41,2 42,9 38,5 42,0 19,7

2,6

-6,4 11,0 14,0 13,3

5,0

1,0

3,3

2,0

7,2

3,9

-0,2

668,0

756,0

902,0

1160,0

1091,0

7,4

1,8

1386,0

1508,0

1709,0

1997,0

2145,0

10,8 11,1

5,1

9,7

4,0

9,5

5,5

9,2

1,6

0,3

-5,5

-2,3

-0,2

-0,1

-1,0

0,1

-6,9

-1,0

32,0

29,2

26,8

21,3

30,9

-7,6 -11,1 -16,5 -17,4

-9,0 -40,6 -46,4 -52,1 -52,9 -36,6

62,1

57,4

53,6

48,6

53,6

1,8

2,2

-0,1

-4,8

-3,7 -13,8 -14,8 -19,2 -22,1 -17,8

8,2

1,1

1,5

7,2

1,0

1,2

6,7

0,9

1,0

6,3

0,9

0,8

8,9

7,0

1,0

1,0

9,1

-7,8

-7,5

-8,7

0,0

9,0

-1,3

-6,4

-0,8

-7,8

-6,3

-2,2

-2,2

-6,2

0,6

-7,7

-4,7

0,0

-2,0

-2,3

-0,6

-8,4

-2,4

-1,9

-2,1

-4,6

1,4

-9,2

-3,0

-1,0

-7,4

5,5

2,0

3,1

3,5

3,8

2,7

9,9

7,2 10,0

3,9 15,7

2,0

4,5

3,1

5,0

2,0

3,8

3,7

1039,0

1171,0

1399,0 10700,0

1670,0

8,0

8,3

8,4

8,6

9,2

2236,0

2448,0

2550,0

2707,0

2735,0

14,2 14,3 14,1 14,2 14,7

911,0

876,0

956,0

1181,0

1201,0

23,8 23,6 21,5 26,0 23,6 -17,7 -24,4 -23,8 -19,4 -23,1

7,6

-5,0

-3,2

-2,3

-3,5

-3,0

-1,4

-3,4

-2,9

-2,0

-2,2

-1,2

-3,2

7,3

7,3

10,3

10,3

6,9

6,9

6,0

6,0

-7,5

-8,0

1,0

-8,2 -29,4

-3,3

-8,6

58,1

53,7

50,0

47,5

48,7

-1,0

18,7

15,7

12,9

19,9

35,4

2,9

0,1

1,1

-2,6

-3,7

2,4

-4,0 -67,2 -58,9 -61,0 -57,2 -58,6

-1,5

-4,3

-7,2

-2,7

-2,8

-1,5

-0,5

-6,7

2,7

-1,3

3,9

5,8

-8,1 -11,0 -13,1 -11,6

0,8

-2,8

-5,7

-8,1

-1,7

2,7

-2,0

-1,5

2,1 -15,1 13,5

9,1 12,8 25,2 15,9

1467,0

1848

2255

2678

1846

7,8

6,8

0,6

6,4

8,8

Belarus

Egypt

Georgia

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Libya

Moldova

Morocco
occupied 
Palestinian 
territory
Syria

Tunisia 

Ukraine

9,4

4,5

9,3

5,3

7,2

2,6

9,9

6,6

3,0

6,0

6,0

3,7

2,7

9,9

6,8

9,4 12,3

5,2

6,4

0,6

5,9

4,8

7,8

5,3

6,0

7,5

6,0

3,0

2,7

-4,8

-1,4

5,2

5,3

7,3

6,3

6,3

7,9

7,2

2,1

4,1

5,5

8,5

3,8

7,2

5,8

2,3

5,2

4,6

1,1

5,1

3,5

1,0

4,3

2,4

6,4

2,7

na

2,7

2,2

8,7

2,5

3,6

7,1

1,8

5,1

8,0

2,1

6,4

1,0

na

3,7

3,1

3,9

7,5

1,1

8,9

-2,0

7,4 11,2 11,8

3,1

3,1

2,7

na

2,6

3,2

5,3

na

2,8

6,0

6,4

na

4,2

5,3

5,5

Note: 

Figures for 2009 are preliminary

Fiscal years for Egypt running from June to July.

GDP per capita is in nominal terms.

Fiscal balance for Lebanon and Moldova refers to General government.

Trade balance for Lebanon refers to merchandise balance.

NA: Not available.

EN 

33 

EN 

 
  
 
Youth in Action mobility figures 2009 

Youth in Action20  

Youth Exchanges and Youth 
Workers Mobility 

Voluntary Service  

Country/Year 

2008 

2009 

2008 

2009 

Armenia 

Algeria 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Georgia 

Egypt 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Republic of Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied Palestinian territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

290 

88 

237 

295 

340 

91 

207 

95 

102 

303 

157 

129 

49 

116 

684 

351 

91 

231 

221 

344 

79 

183 

94 

68 

309 

116 

142 

10 

108 

641 

56 

1 

25 

17 

40 

11 

2 

10 

1 

28 

3 

9 

2 

4 

67 

0 

8 

10 

60 

13 

10 

4 

3 

11 

4 

2 

0 

1 

61 

86 

Overall Total per Action 

3183 

2988 

270 

279 

20 

Approximate figures gathered at application level for projects submitted at decentralised level.  

EN 

34 

   EN 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
                                                 
Mobility under  

Erasmus Mundus, Action 2, 2009-2010 

ENP Country 

ARMENIA 

ALGERIA 

AZERBAIJAN 

BELARUS 

EGYPT 

GEORGIA 

ISRAEL 

JORDAN 

LEBANON 

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 

Total 
for academic year 2009-2010* 

Mobility 

Flows  

35 

86 

33 

67 

139 

58 

69 

35 

26 

67 

86 

MOROCCO 

OCCUPIED 
TERRITORY 

SYRIA 

TUNISIA 

UKRAINE 

GRAND TOTAL 

PALESTINIAN 

56 

26 

86 

98 

967 

*Figures based on the projected mobility flows by 1 April 2010, subject to possible adjustment upwards 

EN 

35 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Erasmus Mundus Action 1 – Erasmus Mundus Masters Scholarships 

Students 

Scholars 

Academic year 
2008-2009 

Academic year 
2009-2010 

Academic year 
2008-2009 

Academic year 
2009-2010 

Country/Year 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied 
Palestinian 
territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

8 

7 

5 

9 

9 

10 

8 

1 

9 

6 

8 

3 

2 

6 

33 

5 

13 

3 

5 

7 

9 

8 

1 

3 

10 

3 

2 

10 

29 

6 

2 

2 

5 

1 

9 

1 

7 

1 

2 

3 

9 

Overall Total 

124 

108 

48 

6 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

13 

2 

1 

7 

2 

8 

47 

EN 

36 

   EN 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tempus IV- project status for country participation for 2009 

Country 

Total 
Projects 

National 
Projects

Multi 
Country 
Projects

Joint 
Projects 

Structural 
Measures 

As 
Grant 
Holder 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied Palestinian territory 

Syria 

Tunisia  

Ukraine 

6 

3 

2 

4 

6 

4 

1 

4 

3 

2 

7 

2 

2 

6 

11 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

5 

3 

2 

4 

4 

4 

1 

4 

3 

1 

6 

1 

6 

8 

4 

2 

2 

3 

5 

3 

3 

2 

4 

2 

1 

4 

8 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

3 

2 

1 

2 

EN 

37 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Breakdown of TAIEX requests from ENP partner countries and the Russian Federation 

Number of requests per country 

2006 

(3&4Q) 

2007 

2008 

2009 

Total 

Algeria  

Armenia  

Azerbaijan  

Belarus  

Egypt  

Georgia  

Israel  

Jordan  

Lebanon  

Libya  

Moldova  

Morocco  

Occupied Palestinian Territory 

Russia Federation 

Syria  

Tunisia  

Ukraine  

Total 

2 

5 

3 

10 

6 

4 

6 

1 

1 

14 

52 

7 

12 

1 

31 

15 

18 

7 

3 

42 

27 

25 

7 

22 

29 

6 

11 

22 

24 

36 

25 

7 

39 

10 

4 

14 

4 

15 

41 

217 

287 

16 

20 

8 

24 

22 

54 

30 

17 

6 

8 

30 

26 

12 

18 

1 

18 

16 

58 

26 

36 

80 

96 

94 

55 

16 

8 

115 

69 

16 

58 

5 

41 

139 

449 

216 

1005 

EN 

38 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Number of requests per country

Ukraine 
Moldova 
Georgia 
Israel 
Egypt 
Morocco 
Russia Federation
Armenia 
Jordan 
Tunisia 
Belarus 
Azerbaijan 
Occupied Palestinian Territory
Lebanon 
Algeria 
Libya 
Syria 

2006

2007

2008

2009

0

50

100

150

200

250

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

2006*

2007

2008

2009

per year

cumulative

EN 

39 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Single country events 2006 -2009  ( Total: 461)

Algeria ; 4

Armenia ; 35

Azerbaijan ; 9

Belarus ; 19

Egypt ; 30

Georgia ; 36

Israel ; 56

Jordan ; 35

Ukraine ; 69

Tunisia ; 21

Russian Federation; 
38

Occupied 
Palestinian 
Territory; 7

Morocco ; 35

Moldova ; 59

Lebanon ; 7

Libya ; 1

Single country events

Ukraine

Moldova

Israel

Russia

Georgia

Morocco

Jordan

Armenia

Egypt

Tunisia

Belarus

Azerbaijan

Palest. Auth.ty

Lebanon

Algeria

Libya

2006*

2007

2008

2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

EN 

40 

   EN 

 
 
Number of participants (single and multi-country events) 

2006 

(3&4Q) 

2007 

2008 

2009 

Total 

93 

42 

33 

308 

139 

142 

315 

75 

24 

559 

55 

15 

437 

10 

131 

899 

106 

221 

148 

79 

179 

130 

422 

49 

61 

476 

353 

14 

617 

16 

149 

294 

36 

235 

78 

370 

410 

282 

465 

425 

78 

10 

585 

298 

178 

309 

14 

75 

235 

570 

350 

760 

737 

635 

1429 

576 

166 

10 

1631 

735 

207 

1372 

40 

356 

1093 

2523 

3.277 

3.314 

4.941 

12.329 

72 

91 

3** 

9 

81 

227 

27 

3 

11 

29 

9 

1 

237 

797 

Algeria  

Armenia  

Azerbaijan  

Belarus  

Egypt  

Georgia  

Israel  

Jordan  

Lebanon  

Libya  

Moldova  

Morocco  

occupied Palestinian territory 

Russia  

Syria  

Tunisia  

Ukraine  

Total 

** attended at no cost to TAIEX 

EN 

41 

   EN 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Taiex breakdown of events by sector 2007 – 2009 

Others
20%

Internal Market
20%

Justice, Liberty & 
Secuirty
20%

Telecom
1%

Agriculture and 
Environment
13%

Competition & 
Customs
5%

Energy
3%

Transport
5%

Finance & Social 
Affairs
13%

EN 

42 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
Type of assistance requested 2006-2009 

Workshop

Expert 
mission 

Study visit Total 

Algeria 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Egypt 

Georgia 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Libya 

Moldova 

Morocco 

occupied  Palestinian 
territory 

Russian Federation 

Syria 

Tunisia 

Ukraine 

Total 

2 

17 

8 

15 

23 

27 

46 

12 

5 

4 

50 

23 

6 

31 

5 

15 

106 

395 

14 

14 

7 

6 

36 

25 

12 

18 

2 

2 

32 

30 

2 

8 

0 

10 

34 

0 

27 

11 

15 

21 

44 

36 

25 

9 

2 

33 

16 

8 

19 

1 

16 

76 

252 

359 

16 

58 

26 

36 

80 

96 

94 

55 

16 

8 

115 

69 

16 

58 

6 

41 

216 

1006 

EN 

43 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Expert mission
 36%

Workshops
39%

Study visits
25%

EN 

44 

   EN 

 
 
SIGMA 

Activities per country/sector 2009 

N°  Country  

Sector  

N° of actions 

1.  Armenia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 2 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

Policy-making 

2 

2 

2 

2.  Azerbaijan 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 1 

Financial Control and Audit 

1 

3.  Egypt 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 4 

Policy-making 

Financial Control and External Audit 

4 

1 

4.  Georgia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 3 

Financial Control and External Audit 

Public Procurement 

Policy-making 

5. 

Jordan 

Public Procurement 

Policy-making 

6.  Moldova 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and justice

Public Procurement 

Financial Control and External Audit 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

3 

7.  Morocco 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 3 

Public Procurement 

Financial Control and External Audit 

1 

2 

8.  Tunisia 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 3 

Public Procurement 

Policy-making 

Financial Control and External Audit 

1 

1 

2 

9.  Ukraine 

Legal Framework, Civil Service and Justice 2 

Financial Control and External Audit 

2 

EN 

45 

   EN 

 
Ukraine 

Tunisia

Morocco 

Moldova 

Jordan 

Georgia 

Egypt. 

Azerbaijan 

Armenia 

Policy making 

Public procurement 

Financial control and external
audit 
Legal Framework, Civil Service
and Justice 

0 

1 

2

3

4

5

EN 

46 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Twinning projects 
ENPI South (per country) 

2005-2009 

2005-2009 

Launched/ongoing/ 
terminated 

Under preparation/ 
identification/project 
ideas 

TOTAL 

3 

13 

4 

10 

5 

19 

19 

73 

12 

20 

0 

1 

1 

27 

6 

67 

15 

33 

4 

11 

6 

46 

25 

140 

Twinning projects  
ENPI East (per country) 

2005-2009 

2005-2009 

Launched/ongoing 

Under preparation/ 
identification/project 
ideas 

TOTAL 

5 

8 

3 

5 

20 

41 

2 

13 

11 

4 

13 

43 

7 

21 

14 

9 

33 

84 

Country 

Algeria 

Egypt 

Israel 

Jordan 

Lebanon 

Morocco 

Tunisia 

TOTAL 

Country 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Georgia 

Moldova 

Ukraine 

TOTAL 

EN 

47 

   EN

 
 
 
 
Twinning projects ENP 2005-2009 (per sector) 

Finance & Internal Market 

Trade & Industry 

Justice & Home Affairs 

Health & Consumer Protection 

Employment & Social Affairs 

Environment 

Transport 

Energy 

Agriculture 

Customs 

Statistics 

Competition 

Telecommunications  

Other 

TOTAL 

40 

30 

26 

18 

17 

14 

14 

10 

9 

9 

8 

6 

2 

21 

224 

EN 

48 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
114 ongoing and published projects - 110 under preparation 
Total of 224 projects in 12 ENP countries 

UA

MA

TN

EG

JO

AZ

MD

AM

LB

IL

DZ

GE

0

10

20

30

40

50

Launched/ongoing

Under preparation/identification

EN 

49 

   EN 

 
Number of Twinning proposals 
by Member State 2006 – 2009 

273 Proposals from 24 Member States for 

105 ENP-Twinning Calls for Proposals (12.01.2010) 

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Light

Junior

Leade

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

LT

LV

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

EN 

50 

   EN 

 
Member States selected  
 in awarded Twinning projects  
2005-2009 

19 EU Member States Selected for 

99 attributed ENP-Twinning (12.01.2010 

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU IT LT LV NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK

EN 

51 

   EN 

 
Exponential Increase of Twinning Launched in 

ENP Countries: 

Cumulated 2005-2010 

114

99

88

66

71

42

43

20

6

21

4

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

15/02/2010

ENP-Twinning Fiches published (cum.)

ENP-Twinning awarded operations (cum.)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

EN 

52 

   EN 

 
Neighbourhood Investment Facility (NIF): List of projects receiving final 
approval for a contribution in 2009 

Projects in the ENP East Region: 

The NIF contribution to the 8 projects approved for the East amounts to €58,7 million. The 
total amount for these projects is approximately €1,7 billion. 

Country 

Project Title 

ARMENIA 

Small municipalities water project 

ARMENIA 

Yerevan Metro 

Consortium 
of IFIs 

EBRD, EIB 

EBRD, EIB 

GEORGIA 

Tbilisi Railway Bypass Environmental Clean 
up 

EBRD, EIB 

NIF contribution 

Sector 

total 
cost 

20,8 

16,6 

Environment 

Transport 

Transport 

253,5 

7,60 

5,00 

8,50 

REGIONAL 

Regional  Energy  Efficiency  Programme  for 
Corporate sector 

EBRD 

2,00 

Energy 

REGIONAL 

ENBF - European Neighbourhood Small 
Business Growth Facility  

KfW, OeEB 

10,00 

Private  

REGIONAL 

Financial sector Institutional building and 
crisis response 

EBRD 

UKRAINE 

Hydropower rehabilitation project 

EBRD, EIB 

UKRAINE 

Ukraine Power Transmission Network 

EBRD, EIB 

12,00 

3,60 

10,00 

Private  

Energy 

Energy 

Total 

58,70 

- 

- 

- 

350 

1110 

1751 

Projects in the ENP South Region: 

The NIF contribution to the 5 projects approved for the South amounts to €46 million. The 
total amount for these projects is approximately €3 billion. 

Country 

Project Title 

Consortium of 
IFIs 

NIF 
contribution  

sector 

total 
cost 

LIBYA 

Kerswan Wastewater 

EIB, AFD 

4,00 

Environment 

214 

MOROCCO 

Education  

AFD, EIB, WB 

15,00 

Social 

1900 

MOROCCO 

Tramway de Rabat (5M+3M) 

TUNISA 

STEP (Part II) 

AFD, EIB 

KfW, AFD 

8,00 

5,00 

Transport 

346 

Environment 

-  

TUNISA 

Réseau Ferré Rapide de Tunis 

AFD, KFW, EIB 

14,00 

Transport 

550 

Total 

46,00 

3010 

EN 

53 

   EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Distribution of NIF contribution by Sector 2009

Social
14%

Energy
15%

Transport
34%

Environment
16%

Private Sector
21%

Distribution of NIF contribution by Objectives 2009

SME and Social 
sectors
35%

Environment
16%

Energy and 
Transport
49%

EN 

54 

   EN 

 
 
 
NIF: Contributions pledged by Member States 2008-2010 

(as of 31/12/2009) 

List of Member State 
direct contributions 
(officially announced) 

Pledge 
(2008-10) 

Additional 
pledges made in 
2009 

Total 

10 

Germany 

France 

Poland 

Czech Republic 

Spain 

Austria 

Bulgaria 

Estonia 

Finland 

Greece 

Italy 

Luxembourg 

Portugal 

Romania 

Sweden 

10 

10 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

20 

10 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

37 

10 

47 

EN 

55 

   EN