Commission Regulation (EC) No 1136/2009 of 25 November 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No 1126/2008 adopting certain international accounting standards in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 1 (Text with EEA relevance)
Date: 2009-11-25
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: accounting, disclosure of information, international standard, standardised accounting system








L_2009311EN.01000601.xml










26.11.2009   


EN


Official Journal of the European Union


L 311/6








            COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1136/2009
of 25 November 2009
         
amending Regulation (EC) No 1126/2008 adopting certain international accounting standards in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 1
(Text with EEA relevance)


THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,


Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the application of international accounting standards (1), and in particular Article 3(1) thereof,

Whereas:







(1)


By Commission Regulation (EC) No 1126/2008 (2) certain international standards and interpretations that were in existence at 15 October 2008 were adopted.












(2)


On 27 November 2008, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published the International Financial Reporting Standard 1 First-time adoption of international financial reporting standards, hereinafter ‘restructured IFRS 1’. The restructured IFRS 1 replaces the existing IFRS 1 in order to make IFRS 1 easier to use and amend in the future. The restructured IFRS 1 also removes from the standard some outdated transition guidance and contains some minor wording changes. The current requirements do not change.












(3)


The consultation with the Technical Expert Group (TEG) of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) confirms that the restructured IFRS 1 meets the technical criteria for adoption set out in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1606/2002. In accordance with Commission Decision 2006/505/EC of 14 July 2006 setting up a Standards Advice Review Group to advise the Commission on the objectivity and neutrality of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group’s (EFRAG’s) opinions (3), the Standards Advice Review Group considered EFRAG's opinion on endorsement and advised the Commission that it is well-balanced and objective.












(4)


Regulation (EC) No 1126/2008 should therefore be amended accordingly.












(5)


The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Accounting Regulatory Committee,





HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:



Article 1
In the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1126/2008, International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 1 First-time adoption of international financial reporting standards is replaced by IFRS 1 First-time adoption of international financial reporting standards (restructured in 2008) as set out in the Annex to this Regulation.


Article 2
Each company shall apply IFRS 1, as set out in the Annex to this Regulation, at the latest, as from the commencement date of its first financial year starting after 31 December 2009.


Article 3
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.




This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 25 November 2009.


For the Commission

Charlie McCREEVY
            

Member of the Commission






(1)  
            OJ L 243, 11.9.2002, p. 1.

(2)  
            OJ L 320, 29.11.2008, p. 1.

(3)  
            OJ L 199, 21.7.2006, p. 33.




ANNEX

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS








IFRS 1




First-time adoption of international financial reporting standards






            ‘
            Reproduction allowed within the European Economic Area. All existing rights reserved outside the EEA, with the exception of the right to reproduce for the purposes of personal use or other fair dealing. Further information can be obtained from the IASB at www.iasb.org
            ’
         

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD 1



First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards


OBJECTIVE








1


The objective of this IFRS is to ensure that an entity’s first IFRS financial statements, and its interim financial reports for part of the period covered by those financial statements, contain high quality information that:






(a)


is transparent for users and comparable over all periods presented;










(b)


provides a suitable starting point for accounting in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs); and










(c)


can be generated at a cost that does not exceed the benefits.








SCOPE








2


An entity shall apply this IFRS in:






(a)


its first IFRS financial statements; and










(b)


each interim financial report, if any, that it presents in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting for part of the period covered by its first IFRS financial statements.
















3


An entity’s first IFRS financial statements are the first annual financial statements in which the entity adopts IFRSs, by an explicit and unreserved statement in those financial statements of compliance with IFRSs. Financial statements in accordance with IFRSs are an entity’s first IFRS financial statements if, for example, the entity:






(a)


presented its most recent previous financial statements:






(i)


in accordance with national requirements that are not consistent with IFRSs in all respects;










(ii)


in conformity with IFRSs in all respects, except that the financial statements did not contain an explicit and unreserved statement that they complied with IFRSs;










(iii)


containing an explicit statement of compliance with some, but not all, IFRSs;










(iv)


in accordance with national requirements inconsistent with IFRSs, using some individual IFRSs to account for items for which national requirements did not exist; or










(v)


in accordance with national requirements, with a reconciliation of some amounts to the amounts determined in accordance with IFRSs;














(b)


prepared financial statements in accordance with IFRSs for internal use only, without making them available to the entity’s owners or any other external users;










(c)


prepared a reporting package in accordance with IFRSs for consolidation purposes without preparing a complete set of financial statements as defined in IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements (as revised in 2007); or










(d)


did not present financial statements for previous periods.
















4


This IFRS applies when an entity first adopts IFRSs. It does not apply when, for example, an entity:






(a)


stops presenting financial statements in accordance with national requirements, having previously presented them as well as another set of financial statements that contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs;










(b)


presented financial statements in the previous year in accordance with national requirements and those financial statements contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs; or










(c)


presented financial statements in the previous year that contained an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs, even if the auditors qualified their audit report on those financial statements.
















5


This IFRS does not apply to changes in accounting policies made by an entity that already applies IFRSs. Such changes are the subject of:






(a)


requirements on changes in accounting policies in IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors; and










(b)


specific transitional requirements in other IFRSs.








RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT

Opening IFRS statement of financial position









6


An entity shall prepare and present an opening IFRS statement of financial position at the date of transition to IFRSs. This is the starting point for its accounting in accordance with IFRSs.





Accounting policies










7




An entity shall use the same accounting policies in its opening IFRS statement of financial position and throughout all periods presented in its first IFRS financial statements. Those accounting policies shall comply with each IFRS effective at the end of its first IFRS reporting period, except as specified in paragraphs 13–19 and Appendices B–E.













8


An entity shall not apply different versions of IFRSs that were effective at earlier dates. An entity may apply a new IFRS that is not yet mandatory if that IFRS permits early application.


Example: Consistent application of latest version of IFRSs



Background

The end of entity A’s first IFRS reporting period is 31 December 20X5. Entity A decides to present comparative information in those financial statements for one year only (see paragraph 21). Therefore, its date of transition to IFRSs is the beginning of business on 1 January 20X4 (or, equivalently, close of business on 31 December 20X3). Entity A presented financial statements in accordance with its previous GAAP annually to 31 December each year up to, and including, 31 December 20X4.

Application of requirements

Entity A is required to apply the IFRSs effective for periods ending on 31 December 20X5 in:






(a)


preparing and presenting its opening IFRS statement of financial position at 1 January 20X4; and










(b)


preparing and presenting its statement of financial position for 31 December 20X5 (including comparative amounts for 20X4), statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year to 31 December 20X5 (including comparative amounts for 20X4) and disclosures (including comparative information for 20X4).




If a new IFRS is not yet mandatory but permits early application, entity A is permitted, but not required, to apply that IFRS in its first IFRS financial statements.












9


The transitional provisions in other IFRSs apply to changes in accounting policies made by an entity that already uses IFRSs; they do not apply to a first-time adopter’s transition to IFRSs, except as specified in Appendices B–E.












10


Except as described in paragraphs 13–19 and Appendices B–E, an entity shall, in its opening IFRS statement of financial position:






(a)


recognise all assets and liabilities whose recognition is required by IFRSs;










(b)


not recognise items as assets or liabilities if IFRSs do not permit such recognition;










(c)


reclassify items that it recognised in accordance with previous GAAP as one type of asset, liability or component of equity, but are a different type of asset, liability or component of equity in accordance with IFRSs; and










(d)


apply IFRSs in measuring all recognised assets and liabilities.
















11


The accounting policies that an entity uses in its opening IFRS statement of financial position may differ from those that it used for the same date using its previous GAAP. The resulting adjustments arise from events and transactions before the date of transition to IFRSs. Therefore, an entity shall recognise those adjustments directly in retained earnings (or, if appropriate, another category of equity) at the date of transition to IFRSs.












12


This IFRS establishes two categories of exceptions to the principle that an entity’s opening IFRS statement of financial position shall comply with each IFRS:






(a)


Appendix B prohibits retrospective application of some aspects of other IFRSs.










(b)


Appendices C–E grant exemptions from some requirements of other IFRSs.









Exceptions to the retrospective application of other IFRSs









13


This IFRS prohibits retrospective application of some aspects of other IFRSs. These exceptions are set out in paragraphs 14–17 and Appendix B.





Estimates










14




An entity’s estimates in accordance with IFRSs at the date of transition to IFRSs shall be consistent with estimates made for the same date in accordance with previous GAAP (after adjustments to reflect any difference in accounting policies), unless there is objective evidence that those estimates were in error.













15


An entity may receive information after the date of transition to IFRSs about estimates that it had made under previous GAAP. In accordance with paragraph 14, an entity shall treat the receipt of that information in the same way as non-adjusting events after the reporting period in accordance with IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period. For example, assume that an entity’s date of transition to IFRSs is 1 January 20X4 and new information on 15 July 20X4 requires the revision of an estimate made in accordance with previous GAAP at 31 December 20X3. The entity shall not reflect that new information in its opening IFRS statement of position (unless the estimates need adjustment for any differences in accounting policies or there is objective evidence that the estimates were in error). Instead, the entity shall reflect that new information in profit or loss (or, if appropriate, other comprehensive income) for the year ended 31 December 20X4.












16


An entity may need to make estimates in accordance with IFRSs at the date of transition to IFRSs that were not required at that date under previous GAAP. To achieve consistency with IAS 10, those estimates in accordance with IFRSs shall reflect conditions that existed at the date of transition to IFRSs. In particular, estimates at the date of transition to IFRSs of market prices, interest rates or foreign exchange rates shall reflect market conditions at that date.












17


Paragraphs 14–16 apply to the opening IFRS statement of financial position. They also apply to a comparative period presented in an entity’s first IFRS financial statements, in which case the references to the date of transition to IFRSs are replaced by references to the end of that comparative period.





Exemptions from other IFRSs









18


An entity may elect to use one or more of the exemptions contained in Appendices C–E. An entity shall not apply these exemptions by analogy to other items.












19


Some exemptions in Appendices C–E refer to fair value. In determining fair values in accordance with this IFRS, an entity shall apply the definition of fair value in Appendix A and any more specific guidance in other IFRSs on the determination of fair values for the asset or liability in question. Those fair values shall reflect conditions that existed at the date for which they were determined.




PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURE








20


This IFRS does not provide exemptions from the presentation and disclosure requirements in other IFRSs.





Comparative information









21


To comply with IAS 1, an entity’s first IFRS financial statements shall include at least three statements of financial position, two statements of comprehensive income, two separate income statements (if presented), two statements of cash flows and two statements of changes in equity and related notes, including comparative information.





Non-IFRS comparative information and historical summaries









22


Some entities present historical summaries of selected data for periods before the first period for which they present full comparative information in accordance with IFRSs. This IFRS does not require such summaries to comply with the recognition and measurement requirements of IFRSs. Furthermore, some entities present comparative information in accordance with previous GAAP as well as the comparative information required by IAS 1. In any financial statements containing historical summaries or comparative information in accordance with previous GAAP, an entity shall:






(a)


label the previous GAAP information prominently as not being prepared in accordance with IFRSs; and










(b)


disclose the nature of the main adjustments that would make it comply with IFRSs. An entity need not quantify those adjustments.









Explanation of transition to IFRSs










23




An entity shall explain how the transition from previous GAAP to IFRSs affected its reported financial position, financial performance and cash flows.






Reconciliations









24


To comply with paragraph 23, an entity’s first IFRS financial statements shall include:






(a)


reconciliations of its equity reported in accordance with previous GAAP to its equity in accordance with IFRSs for both of the following dates:






(i)


the date of transition to IFRSs; and










(ii)


the end of the latest period presented in the entity’s most recent annual financial statements in accordance with previous GAAP.














(b)


a reconciliation to its total comprehensive income in accordance with IFRSs for the latest period in the entity’s most recent annual financial statements. The starting point for that reconciliation shall be total comprehensive income in accordance with previous GAAP for the same period or, if an entity did not report such a total, profit or loss under previous GAAP.










(c)


if the entity recognised or reversed any impairment losses for the first-time in preparing its opening IFRS statement of financial position, the disclosures that IAS 36 Impairment of Assets would have required if the entity had recognised those impairment losses or reversals in the period beginning with the date of transition to IFRSs.
















25


The reconciliations required by paragraph 24(a) and (b) shall give sufficient detail to enable users to understand the material adjustments to the statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income. If an entity presented a statement of cash flows under its previous GAAP, it shall also explain the material adjustments to the statement of cash flows.












26


If an entity becomes aware of errors made under previous GAAP, the reconciliations required by paragraph 24(a) and (b) shall distinguish the correction of those errors from changes in accounting policies.












27


IAS 8 does not deal with changes in accounting policies that occur when an entity first adopts IFRSs. Therefore, IAS 8’s requirements for disclosures about changes in accounting policies do not apply in an entity’s first IFRS financial statements.












28


If an entity did not present financial statements for previous periods, its first IFRS financial statements shall disclose that fact.





Designation of financial assets or financial liabilities









29


An entity is permitted to designate a previously recognised financial asset or financial liability as a financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss or a financial asset as available for sale in accordance with paragraph D19. The entity shall disclose the fair value of financial assets or financial liabilities designated into each category at the date of designation and their classification and carrying amount in the previous financial statements.





Use of fair value as deemed cost









30


If an entity uses fair value in its opening IFRS statement of financial position as deemed cost for an item of property, plant and equipment, an investment property or an intangible asset (see paragraphs D5 and D7), the entity’s first IFRS financial statements shall disclose, for each line item in the opening IFRS statement of financial position:






(a)


the aggregate of those fair values; and










(b)


the aggregate adjustment to the carrying amounts reported under previous GAAP.









Use of deemed cost for investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates









31


Similarly, if an entity uses a deemed cost in its opening IFRS statement of financial position for an investment in a subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or associate in its separate financial statements (see paragraph D15), the entity’s first IFRS separate financial statements shall disclose:






(a)


the aggregate deemed cost of those investments for which deemed cost is their previous GAAP carrying amount;










(b)


the aggregate deemed cost of those investments for which deemed cost is fair value; and










(c)


the aggregate adjustment to the carrying amounts reported under previous GAAP.









Interim financial reports









32


To comply with paragraph 23, if an entity presents an interim financial report in accordance with IAS 34 for part of the period covered by its first IFRS financial statements, the entity shall satisfy the following requirements in addition to the requirements of IAS 34:






(a)


Each such interim financial report shall, if the entity presented an interim financial report for the comparable interim period of the immediately preceding financial year, include:






(i)


a reconciliation of its equity in accordance with previous GAAP at the end of that comparable interim period to its equity under IFRSs at that date; and










(ii)


a reconciliation to its total comprehensive income in accordance with IFRSs for that comparable interim period (current and year to date). The starting point for that reconciliation shall be total comprehensive income in accordance with previous GAAP for that period or, if an entity did not report such a total, profit or loss in accordance with previous GAAP.














(b)


In addition to the reconciliations required by (a), an entity’s first interim financial report in accordance with IAS 34 for part of the period covered by its first IFRS financial statements shall include the reconciliations described in paragraph 24(a) and (b) (supplemented by the details required by paragraphs 25 and 26) or a cross reference to another published document that includes these reconciliations.
















33


IAS 34 requires minimum disclosures, which are based on the assumption that users of the interim financial report also have access to the most recent annual financial statements. However, IAS 34 also requires an entity to disclose ‘any events or transactions that are material to an understanding of the current interim period’. Therefore, if a first-time adopter did not, in its most recent annual financial statements in accordance with previous GAAP, disclose information material to an understanding of the current interim period, its interim financial report shall disclose that information or include a cross-reference to another published document that includes it.




EFFECTIVE DATE








34


An entity shall apply this IFRS if its first IFRS financial statements are for a period beginning on or after 1 July 2009. Earlier application is permitted.












35


An entity shall apply the amendments in paragraphs D1(n) and D23 for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009. If an entity applies IAS 23 Borrowing Costs (as revised in 2007) for an earlier period, those amendments shall be applied for that earlier period.












36


IFRS 3 Business Combinations (as revised in 2008) amended paragraphs 19, C1 and C4(f) and (g). If an entity applies IFRS 3 (revised 2008) for an earlier period, the amendments shall also be applied for that earlier period.












37


IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (as amended in 2008) amended paragraphs 13 and B7. If an entity applies IAS 27 (amended 2008) for an earlier period, the amendments shall be applied for that earlier period.












38



Cost of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly Controlled Entity or Associate (Amendments to IFRS 1 and IAS 27), issued in May 2008, added paragraphs 31, D1(g), D14 and D15. An entity shall apply those paragraphs for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009. Earlier application is permitted. If an entity applies the paragraphs for an earlier period, it shall disclose that fact.












39


Paragraph B7 was amended by Improvements to IFRSs issued in May 2008. An entity shall apply those amendments for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009. If an entity applies IAS 27 (amended 2008) for an earlier period, the amendments shall be applied for that earlier period.




WITHDRAWAL OF IFRS 1 (ISSUED 2003)








40


This IFRS supersedes IFRS 1 (issued in 2003 and amended at May 2008).







Appendix A

Defined terms


This appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.







date of transition to IFRSs


The beginning of the earliest period for which an entity presents full comparative information under IFRSs in its first IFRS financial statements.




deemed cost


An amount used as a surrogate for cost or depreciated cost at a given date. Subsequent depreciation or amortisation assumes that the entity had initially recognised the asset or liability at the given date and that its cost was equal to the deemed cost.




fair value


The amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.




first IFRS financial statements


The first annual financial statements in which an entity adopts International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), by an explicit and unreserved statement of compliance with IFRSs.




first IFRS reporting period


The latest reporting period covered by an entity’s first IFRS financial statements.




first-time adopter


An entity that presents its first IFRS financial statements.




International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)


Standards and Interpretations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They comprise:






(a)


International Financial Reporting Standards;










(b)


International Accounting Standards; and










(c)


Interpretations developed by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) or the former Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).








opening IFRS statement of financial position


An entity’s statement of financial position at the date of transition to IFRSs.




previous GAAP


The basis of accounting that a first-time adopter used immediately before adopting IFRSs.








Appendix B

Exceptions to the retrospective application of other IFRSs


This appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.









B1


An entity shall apply the following exceptions:






(a)


derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities (paragraphs B2 and B3);










(b)


hedge accounting (paragraphs B4–B6), and










(c)


non-controlling interests (paragraph B7).









Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities









B2


Except as permitted by paragraph B3, a first-time adopter shall apply the derecognition requirements in IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement prospectively for transactions occurring on or after 1 January 2004. In other words, if a first-time adopter derecognised non-derivative financial assets or non-derivative financial liabilities in accordance with its previous GAAP as a result of a transaction that occurred before 1 January 2004, it shall not recognise those assets and liabilities in accordance with IFRSs (unless they qualify for recognition as a result of a later transaction or event).












B3


Notwithstanding paragraph B2, an entity may apply the derecognition requirements in IAS 39 retrospectively from a date of the entity’s choosing, provided that the information needed to apply IAS 39 to financial assets and financial liabilities derecognised as a result of past transactions was obtained at the time of initially accounting for those transactions.





Hedge accounting









B4


As required by IAS 39, at the date of transition to IFRSs, an entity shall:






(a)


measure all derivatives at fair value; and










(b)


eliminate all deferred losses and gains arising on derivatives that were reported in accordance with previous GAAP as if they were assets or liabilities.
















B5


An entity shall not reflect in its opening IFRS statement of financial position a hedging relationship of a type that does not qualify for hedge accounting in accordance with IAS 39 (for example, many hedging relationships where the hedging instrument is a cash instrument or written option; where the hedged item is a net position; or where the hedge covers interest risk in a held-to-maturity investment). However, if an entity designated a net position as a hedged item in accordance with previous GAAP, it may designate an individual item within that net position as a hedged item in accordance with IFRSs, provided that it does so no later than the date of transition to IFRSs.












B6


If, before the date of transition to IFRSs, an entity had designated a transaction as a hedge but the hedge does not meet the conditions for hedge accounting in IAS 39 the entity shall apply paragraphs 91 and 101 of IAS 39 to discontinue hedge accounting. Transactions entered into before the date of transition to IFRSs shall not be retrospectively designated as hedges.





Non-controlling interests









B7


A first-time adopter shall apply the following requirements of IAS 27 (as amended in 2008) prospectively from the date of transition to IFRSs:






(a)


the requirement in paragraph 28 that total comprehensive income is attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance;










(b)


the requirements in paragraphs 30 and 31 for accounting for changes in the parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control; and










(c)


the requirements in paragraphs 34–37 for accounting for a loss of control over a subsidiary, and the related requirements of paragraph 8A of IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.




However, if a first-time adopter elects to apply IFRS 3 (as revised in 2008) retrospectively to past business combinations, it also shall apply IAS 27 (as amended in 2008) in accordance with paragraph C1 of this IFRS.








Appendix C

Exemptions for business combinations


This appendix is an integral part of the IFRS. An entity shall apply the following requirements to business combinations that the entity recognised before the date of transition to IFRSs.









C1


A first-time adopter may elect not to apply IFRS 3 (as revised in 2008) retrospectively to past business combinations (business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRSs). However, if a first-time adopter restates any business combination to comply with IFRS 3 (as revised in 2008), it shall restate all later business combinations and shall also apply IAS 27 (as amended in 2008) from that same date. For example, if a first-time adopter elects to restate a business combination that occurred on 30 June 20X6, it shall restate all business combinations that occurred between 30 June 20X6 and the date of transition to IFRSs, and it shall also apply IAS 27 (amended 2008) from 30 June 20X6.












C2


An entity need not apply IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates retrospectively to fair value adjustments and goodwill arising in business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRSs. If the entity does not apply IAS 21 retrospectively to those fair value adjustments and goodwill, it shall treat them as assets and liabilities of the entity rather than as assets and liabilities of the acquiree. Therefore, those goodwill and fair value adjustments either are already expressed in the entity’s functional currency or are non-monetary foreign currency items, which are reported using the exchange rate applied in accordance with previous GAAP.












C3


An entity may apply IAS 21 retrospectively to fair value adjustments and goodwill arising in either:






(a)


all business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRSs; or










(b)


all business combinations that the entity elects to restate to comply with IFRS 3, as permitted by paragraph C1 above.
















C4


If a first-time adopter does not apply IFRS 3 retrospectively to a past business combination, this has the following consequences for that business combination:






(a)


The first-time adopter shall keep the same classification (as an acquisition by the legal acquirer, a reverse acquisition by the legal acquiree, or a uniting of interests) as in its previous GAAP financial statements.










(b)


The first-time adopter shall recognise all its assets and liabilities at the date of transition to IFRSs that were acquired or assumed in a past business combination, other than:






(i)


some financial assets and financial liabilities derecognised in accordance with previous GAAP (see paragraph B2); and










(ii)


assets, including goodwill, and liabilities that were not recognised in the acquirer’s consolidated statement of financial position in accordance with previous GAAP and also would not qualify for recognition in accordance with IFRSs in the separate statement of financial position of the acquiree (see (f)–(i) below).




The first-time adopter shall recognise any resulting change by adjusting retained earnings (or, if appropriate, another category of equity), unless the change results from the recognition of an intangible asset that was previously subsumed within goodwill (see (g)(i) below).










(c)


The first-time adopter shall exclude from its opening IFRS statement of financial position any item recognised in accordance with previous GAAP that does not qualify for recognition as an asset or liability under IFRSs. The first-time adopter shall account for the resulting change as follows:






(i)


the first-time adopter may have classified a past business combination as an acquisition and recognised as an intangible asset an item that does not qualify for recognition as an asset in accordance with IAS 38 Intangible Assets. It shall reclassify that item (and, if any, the related deferred tax and non-controlling interests) as part of goodwill (unless it deducted goodwill directly from equity in accordance with previous GAAP, see (g)(i) and (i) below).










(ii)


the first-time adopter shall recognise all other resulting changes in retained earnings (1).














(d)


IFRSs require subsequent measurement of some assets and liabilities on a basis that is not based on original cost, such as fair value. The first-time adopter shall measure these assets and liabilities on that basis in its opening IFRS statement of financial position, even if they were acquired or assumed in a past business combination. It shall recognise any resulting change in the carrying amount by adjusting retained earnings (or, if appropriate, another category of equity), rather than goodwill.










(e)


Immediately after the business combination, the carrying amount in accordance with previous GAAP of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in that business combination shall be their deemed cost in accordance with IFRSs at that date. If IFRSs require a cost-based measurement of those assets and liabilities at a later date, that deemed cost shall be the basis for cost-based depreciation or amortisation from the date of the business combination.










(f)


If an asset acquired, or liability assumed, in a past business combination was not recognised in accordance with previous GAAP, it does not have a deemed cost of zero in the opening IFRS statement of financial position. Instead, the acquirer shall recognise and measure it in its consolidated statement of financial position on the basis that IFRSs would require in the statement of financial position of the acquiree. To illustrate: if the acquirer had not, in accordance with its previous GAAP, capitalised finance leases acquired in a past business combination, it shall capitalise those leases in its consolidated financial statements, as IAS 17 Leases would require the acquiree to do in its IFRS statement of financial position. Similarly, if the acquirer had not, in accordance with its previous GAAP, recognised a contingent liability that still exists at the date of transition to IFRSs, the acquirer shall recognise that contingent liability at that date unless IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets would prohibit its recognition in the financial statements of the acquiree. Conversely, if an asset or liability was subsumed in goodwill in accordance with previous GAAP but would have been recognised separately under IFRS 3, that asset or liability remains in goodwill unless IFRSs would require its recognition in the financial statements of the acquiree.










(g)


The carrying amount of goodwill in the opening IFRS statement of financial position shall be its carrying amount in accordance with previous GAAP at the date of transition to IFRSs, after the following two adjustments:






(i)


If required by (c)(i) above, the first-time adopter shall increase the carrying amount of goodwill when it reclassifies an item that it recognised as an intangible asset in accordance with previous GAAP. Similarly, if (f) above requires the first-time adopter to recognise an intangible asset that was subsumed in recognised goodwill in accordance with previous GAAP, the first-time adopter shall decrease the carrying amount of goodwill accordingly (and, if applicable, adjust deferred tax and non-controlling interests).










(ii)


Regardless of whether there is any indication that the goodwill may be impaired, the first-time adopter shall apply IAS 36 in testing the goodwill for impairment at the date of transition to IFRSs and in recognising any resulting impairment loss in retained earnings (or, if so required by IAS 36, in revaluation surplus). The impairment test shall be based on conditions at the date of transition to IFRSs.














(h)


No other adjustments shall be made to the carrying amount of goodwill at the date of transition to IFRSs. For example, the first-time adopter shall not restate the carrying amount of goodwill:






(i)


to exclude in process research and development acquired in that business combination (unless the related intangible asset would qualify for recognition in accordance with IAS 38 in the statement of financial position of the acquiree);










(ii)


to adjust previous amortisation of goodwill;










(iii)


to reverse adjustments to goodwill that IFRS 3 would not permit, but were made in accordance with previous GAAP because of adjustments to assets and liabilities between the date of the business combination and the date of transition to IFRSs.














(i)


If the first-time adopter recognised goodwill in accordance with previous GAAP as a deduction from equity:






(i)


it shall not recognise that goodwill in its opening IFRS statement of financial position. Furthermore, it shall not reclassify that goodwill to profit or loss if it disposes of the subsidiary or if the investment in the subsidiary becomes impaired.










(ii)


adjustments resulting from the subsequent resolution of a contingency affecting the purchase consideration shall be recognised in retained earnings.














(j)


In accordance with its previous GAAP, the first-time adopter may not have consolidated a subsidiary acquired in a past business combination (for example, because the parent did not regard it as a subsidiary in accordance with previous GAAP or did not prepare consolidated financial statements). The first-time adopter shall adjust the carrying amounts of the subsidiary’s assets and liabilities to the amounts that IFRSs would require in the subsidiary’s statement of financial position. The deemed cost of goodwill equals the difference at the date of transition to IFRSs between:






(i)


the parent’s interest in those adjusted carrying amounts; and










(ii)


the cost in the parent’s separate financial statements of its investment in the subsidiary.














(k)


The measurement of non-controlling interests and deferred tax follows from the measurement of other assets and liabilities. Therefore, the above adjustments to recognised assets and liabilities affect non-controlling interests and deferred tax.
















C5


The exemption for past business combinations also applies to past acquisitions of investments in associates and of interests in joint ventures. Furthermore, the date selected for paragraph C1 applies equally for all such acquisitions.






(1)  Such changes include reclassifications from or to intangible assets if goodwill was not recognised in accordance with previous GAAP as an asset. This arises if, in accordance with previous GAAP, the entity (a) deducted goodwill directly from equity or (b) did not treat the business combination as an acquisition.




Appendix D

Exemptions from other IFRSs


This appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.









D1


An entity may elect to use one or more of the following exemptions:






(a)


share-based payment transactions (paragraphs D2 and D3);










(b)


insurance contracts (paragraph D4);










(c)


fair value or revaluation as deemed cost (paragraphs D5–D8);










(d)


leases (paragraph D9);










(e)


employee benefits (paragraphs D10 and D11);










(f)


cumulative translation differences (paragraphs D12 and D13);










(g)


investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates (paragraphs D14 and D15);










(h)


assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (paragraphs D16 and D17);










(i)


compound financial instruments (paragraph D18);










(j)


designation of previously recognised financial instruments (paragraph D19);










(k)


fair value measurement of financial assets or financial liabilities at initial recognition (paragraph D20);










(l)


decommissioning liabilities included in the cost of property, plant and equipment (paragraph D21);










(m)


financial assets or intangible assets accounted for in accordance with IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements (paragraph D22); and










(n)


borrowing costs (paragraph D23).




An entity shall not apply these exemptions by analogy to other items.





Share-based payment transactions









D2


A first-time adopter is encouraged, but not required, to apply IFRS 2 Share-based Payment to equity instruments that were granted on or before 7 November 2002. A first-time adopter is also encouraged, but not required, to apply IFRS 2 to equity instruments that were granted after 7 November 2002 and vested before the later of (a) the date of transition to IFRSs and (b) 1 January 2005. However, if a first-time adopter elects to apply IFRS 2 to such equity instruments, it may do so only if the entity has disclosed publicly the fair value of those equity instruments, determined at the measurement date, as defined in IFRS 2. For all grants of equity instruments to which IFRS 2 has not been applied (eg equity instruments granted on or before 7 November 2002), a first-time adopter shall nevertheless disclose the information required by paragraphs 44 and 45 of IFRS 2. If a first-time adopter modifies the terms or conditions of a grant of equity instruments to which IFRS 2 has not been applied, the entity is not required to apply paragraphs 26–29 of IFRS 2 if the modification occurred before the date of transition to IFRSs.












D3


A first-time adopter is encouraged, but not required, to apply IFRS 2 to liabilities arising from share-based payment transactions that were settled before the date of transition to IFRSs. A first-time adopter is also encouraged, but not required, to apply IFRS 2 to liabilities that were settled before 1 January 2005. For liabilities to which IFRS 2 is applied, a first-time adopter is not required to restate comparative information to the extent that the information relates to a period or date that is earlier than 7 November 2002.





Insurance contracts









D4


A first-time adopter may apply the transitional provisions in IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. IFRS 4 restricts changes in accounting policies for insurance contracts, including changes made by a first-time adopter.





Fair value or revaluation as deemed cost









D5


An entity may elect to measure an item of property, plant and equipment at the date of transition to IFRSs at its fair value and use that fair value as its deemed cost at that date.












D6


A first-time adopter may elect to use a previous GAAP revaluation of an item of property, plant and equipment at, or before, the date of transition to IFRSs as deemed cost at the date of the revaluation, if the revaluation was, at the date of the revaluation, broadly comparable to:






(a)


fair value; or










(b)


cost or depreciated cost in accordance with IFRSs, adjusted to reflect, for example, changes in a general or specific price index.
















D7


The elections in paragraphs D5 and D6 are also available for:






(a)


investment property, if an entity elects to use the cost model in IAS 40 Investment Property and










(b)


intangible assets that meet:






(i)


the recognition criteria in IAS 38 (including reliable measurement of original cost); and










(ii)


the criteria in IAS 38 for revaluation (including the existence of an active market).




An entity shall not use these elections for other assets or for liabilities.
















D8


A first-time adopter may have established a deemed cost in accordance with previous GAAP for some or all of its assets and liabilities by measuring them at their fair value at one particular date because of an event such as a privatisation or initial public offering. It may use such event-driven fair value measurements as deemed cost for IFRSs at the date of that measurement.





Leases









D9


A first-time adopter may apply the transitional provisions in IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease. Therefore, a first-time adopter may determine whether an arrangement existing at the date of transition to IFRSs contains a lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing at that date.





Employee benefits









D10


In accordance with IAS 19 Employee Benefits, an entity may elect to use a ‘corridor’ approach that leaves some actuarial gains and losses unrecognised. Retrospective application of this approach requires an entity to split the cumulative actuarial gains and losses from the inception of the plan until the date of transition to IFRSs into a recognised portion and an unrecognised portion. However, a first-time adopter may elect to recognise all cumulative actuarial gains and losses at the date of transition to IFRSs, even if it uses the corridor approach for later actuarial gains and losses. If a first-time adopter uses this election, it shall apply it to all plans.












D11


An entity may disclose the amounts required by paragraph 120A(p) of IAS 19 as the amounts are determined for each accounting period prospectively from the date of transition to IFRSs.





Cumulative translation differences









D12


IAS 21 requires an entity:






(a)


to recognise some translation differences in other comprehensive income and accumulate these in a separate component of equity; and










(b)


on disposal of a foreign operation, to reclassify the cumulative translation difference for that foreign operation (including, if applicable, gains and losses on related hedges) from equity to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal.
















D13


However, a first-time adopter need not comply with these requirements for cumulative translation differences that existed at the date of transition to IFRSs. If a first-time adopter uses this exemption:






(a)


the cumulative translation differences for all foreign operations are deemed to be zero at the date of transition to IFRSs; and










(b)


the gain or loss on a subsequent disposal of any foreign operation shall exclude translation differences that arose before the date of transition to IFRSs and shall include later translation differences.









Investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates









D14


When an entity prepares separate financial statements, IAS 27 (as amended in 2008) requires it to account for its investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates either:






(a)


at cost or










(b)


in accordance with IAS 39.
















D15


If a first-time adopter measures such an investment at cost in accordance with paragraph D14, it shall measure that investment at one of the following amounts in its separate opening IFRS statement of financial position:






(a)


cost determined in accordance with IAS 27 or










(b)


deemed cost. The deemed cost of such an investment shall be its:






(i)


fair value (determined in accordance with IAS 39) at the entity’s date of transition to IFRSs in its separate financial statements; or










(ii)


previous GAAP carrying amount at that date.




A first-time adopter may choose either (i) or (ii) above to measure its investment in each subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or associate that it elects to measure using a deemed cost.









Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures









D16


If a subsidiary becomes a first-time adopter later than its parent, the subsidiary shall, in its financial statements, measure its assets and liabilities at either:






(a)


the carrying amounts that would be included in the parent’s consolidated financial statements, based on the parent’s date of transition to IFRSs, if no adjustments were made for consolidation procedures and for the effects of the business combination in which the parent acquired the subsidiary; or










(b)


the carrying amounts required by the rest of this IFRS, based on the subsidiary’s date of transition to IFRSs. These carrying amounts could differ from those described in (a):






(i)


when the exemptions in this IFRS result in measurements that depend on the date of transition to IFRSs.










(ii)


when the accounting policies used in the subsidiary’s financial statements differ from those in the consolidated financial statements. For example, the subsidiary may use as its accounting policy the cost model in IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, whereas the group may use the revaluation model.




A similar election is available to an associate or joint venture that becomes a first-time adopter later than an entity that has significant influence or joint control over it.
















D17


However, if an entity becomes a first-time adopter later than its subsidiary (or associate or joint venture) the entity shall, in its consolidated financial statements, measure the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary (or associate or joint venture) at the same carrying amounts as in the financial statements of the subsidiary (or associate or joint venture), after adjusting for consolidation and equity accounting adjustments and for the effects of the business combination in which the entity acquired the subsidiary. Similarly, if a parent becomes a first-time adopter for its separate financial statements earlier or later than for its consolidated financial statements, it shall measure its assets and liabilities at the same amounts in both financial statements, except for consolidation adjustments.





Compound financial instruments









D18


IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation requires an entity to split a compound financial instrument at inception into separate liability and equity components. If the liability component is no longer outstanding, retrospective application of IAS 32 involves separating two portions of equity. The first portion is in retained earnings and represents the cumulative interest accreted on the liability component. The other portion represents the original equity component. However, in accordance with this IFRS, a first-time adopter need not separate these two portions if the liability component is no longer outstanding at the date of transition to IFRSs.





Designation of previously recognised financial instruments









D19


IAS 39 permits a financial asset to be designated on initial recognition as available for sale or a financial instrument (provided it meets certain criteria) to be designated as a financial asset or financial liability at fair value through profit or loss. Despite this requirement exceptions apply in the following circumstances:






(a)


an entity is permitted to make an available-for-sale designation at the date of transition to IFRSs.










(b)


an entity is permitted to designate, at the date of transition to IFRSs, any financial asset or financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss provided the asset or liability meets the criteria in paragraph 9(b)(i), 9(b)(ii) or 11A of IAS 39 at that date.









Fair value measurement of financial assets or financial liabilities at initial recognition









D20


Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraphs 7 and 9, an entity may apply the requirements in the last sentence of IAS 39 paragraph AG76 and in paragraph AG76A, in either of the following ways:






(a)


prospectively to transactions entered into after 25 October 2002; or










(b)


prospectively to transactions entered into after 1 January 2004.









Decommissioning liabilities included in the cost of property, plant and equipment









D21


IFRIC 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities requires specified changes in a decommissioning, restoration or similar liability to be added to or deducted from the cost of the asset to which it relates; the adjusted depreciable amount of the asset is then depreciated prospectively over its remaining useful life. A first-time adopter need not comply with these requirements for changes in such liabilities that occurred before the date of transition to IFRSs. If a first-time adopter uses this exemption, it shall:






(a)


measure the liability as at the date of transition to IFRSs in accordance with IAS 37;










(b)


to the extent that the liability is within the scope of IFRIC 1, estimate the amount that would have been included in the cost of the related asset when the liability first arose, by discounting the liability to that date using its best estimate of the historical risk-adjusted discount rate(s) that would have applied for that liability over the intervening period; and










(c)


calculate the accumulated depreciation on that amount, as at the date of transition to IFRSs, on the basis of the current estimate of the useful life of the asset, using the depreciation policy adopted by the entity in accordance with IFRSs.









Financial assets or intangible assets accounted for in accordance with IFRIC 12









D22


A first-time adopter may apply the transitional provisions in IFRIC 12.





Borrowing costs









D23


A first-time adopter may apply the transitional provisions set out in paragraphs 27 and 28 of IAS 23, as revised in 2007. In those paragraphs references to the effective date shall be interpreted as 1 July 2009 or the date of transition to IFRSs, whichever is later.








Appendix E

Short-term exemptions from IFRSs


This appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.

[Appendix reserved for future possible short-term exemptions].