External and intra-European Union trade : data 2002-07.
Date: 2009-03-24
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: EU statistics, domestic trade, euro area, international trade, trade statistics, trading operation

ISSN 1606-3481

Pocketbooks

External and intra-European 
Union trade
Data 2002–07

2009 edition

Pocketbooks

External and intra-European 
Union trade
Data 2002–07

2009 edition

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ISBN 978-92-79-09834-5
ISSN 1606-3481
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Theme: External trade
Collection: Pocketbooks

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Contents

Contents

Preface  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.  The European Union and world trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.  Extra-European Union trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.1.  EU trade by geographical zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.  EU trade by main partner countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.  EU trade by product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.  EU trade in food and beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5.  EU trade in crude materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6.  EU trade in energy products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.7.  EU trade in chemicals  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.8.  EU trade in machinery and vehicles  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.9.  EU trade in other manufactured products  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.  Euro area trade  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.1.  Euro area trade by geographical zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.2.  Euro area trade by main partner countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3.  Euro area trade by product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.  External trade by Member State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.1.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.  Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Cyprus  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Lithuania  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

  External and intra-European Union trade

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents

Luxembourg  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Hungary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Malta  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Netherlands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Portugal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Finland  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
United Kingdom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

5.  Methodological notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

6

External and intra-European Union trade 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preface

Preface

Eurostat’s  mission  is  to  provide  the  European  Union  with  a  high-
quality  statistical  information  service.  Within  this  framework,  
Eurostat makes available trade statistics of the European Union as a 
whole and of its Member States. 

The aim of this publication is to provide an overview of the main 
characteristics  of  the  European  Union’s  trade.  All  the  series  be-
tween  2002  and  2007  have  been  recalculated  to  include  all  the 
Member  States;  therefore,  the  figures  published  here  concern  the 
27 EU members. 

Chapter 1 shows the place of the European Union in global trade. 
Chapter  2  focuses  on  the  structure  and  evolution  of  the  external 
trade of the European Union as a whole. Chapter 3 highlights some 
key facts of euro area trade. Chapter 4 covers the trade of each Mem-
ber State, including the trade between Member States. 

More detailed data and methodology can be found on the Eurostat 
website at:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/

This website offers free access to Eurostat’s dissemination database, 
predefined tables, methodological documents and publications. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

7

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

EU 
EU-27 

EA-15 

BE 
BG 
CZ 
DK 
DE 
EE 
IE 
EL 
ES 
FR 
IT 
CY 
LV 
LT 
LU 
HU 
MT 
NL 
AT 
PL 
PT 
RO 
SI 
SK 
FI 
SE 
UK 

European Union
European  Union  of  27  Member  States  from  1  January 
2007 (BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, LV, 
LT, LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE, UK)
Euro area of 15 members from 1 January to 31 Decem-
ber 2008 (BE, DE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, LU, MT, NL, 
AT, PT, SI, FI)
Belgium 
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom

SITC 

Standard International Trade Classification

0 
Billion 
EUR  
n.e.s. 

Zero or figure less than half the unit used
1 000 million
Euro
Not elsewhere specified

8

External and intra-European Union trade 

1

The European Union  
and world trade

1 The European Union and world trade

The main players in the world market of goods (billion EUR)

Exports
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Imports
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Balance
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

EU-27
891.9
869.2
953.0
1 052.7
1 159.3
1 241.4

937.0
935.3
1 027.5
1 179.6
1 351.7
1 433.8

- 45.1
- 66.0
- 74.6
- 126.9
- 192.5
- 192.4

USA
733.1
639.7
657.5
726.9
825.9
848.3

1 271.5
1 153.7
1 226.2
1 392.4
1 528.4
1 471.8

- 538.4
- 514.0
- 568.7
- 665.5
- 702.4
- 623.6

China
344.3
387.4
477.0
612.5
771.7
888.6

312.2
364.9
451.2
530.5
630.3
697.5

32.2
22.5
25.8
82.0
141.4
191.0

Japan
440.7
417.3
454.8
478.2
515.1
521.2

357.0
339.0
366.0
414.7
461.2
454.0

83.7
78.3
88.8
63.6
53.9
67.2

Canada
267.1
240.7
255.0
289.7
309.0
306.4

235.2
212.5
220.1
252.7
278.7
277.3

31.9
28.2
34.9
37.0
30.4
29.1

10

External and intra-European Union trade 

The European Union and world trade

1

EU-27
18 %

USA
16 %

China
11 %

Share in world trade, 2007 
(imports and exports)

Others
44 %

Canada
4 %

Japan
7 %

Trade exchanges in value, 2007

Billion EUR

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

-500

-1 000

EU-27

USA

China

Japan

Canada

Exports

Imports

Balance

The value of world trade in goods, excluding intra-EU-27 trade, was 
about EUR 15 000 billion in 2007. The European Union is the lead-
ing trader, accounting for 18 % of total world trade. The USA was the 
second biggest trader with a share of 16 %, followed by China (11 %), 
Japan (7 %) and Canada (4 %). 

The EU is the biggest exporter and the second biggest importer in 
the world. In 2007, the value of extra-EU-27 exports was EUR 1 241 
billion and the value of imports EUR 1 434 billion.

The USA is the biggest importer in the world. It also records the big-
gest trade deficit, almost EUR 624 billion in 2007. 

China  has  become  a  major  global  trader  in  recent  years.  In  2004, 
China overtook Japan as the third biggest trader in the world. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

11

2

Extra-European  
Union trade

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.1. EU trade by geographical zone (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
Other European countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
Other European countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
Other European countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed

2002
891.9
195.3
70.6
279.4

2003
869.2
202.3
70.7
256.6

2006

2005

2007
2004
953.0 1 052.7 1 159.3 1 241.4
346.1
232.9
104.0
76.8
294.9
265.1

306.8
92.8
304.4

264.5
87.2
284.6

50.5

44.3

48.0

54.9

63.3

71.7

261.4
21.5
13.2
2002
937.0
217.2
82.5
205.0

347.3
26.0
18.9
2006

290.8
24.7
14.6
2004

374.0
318.3
260.9
28.1
26.2
22.3
22.6
17.1
12.2
2003
2007
2005
935.2 1 027.5 1 179.6 1 351.7 1 433.8
380.2
307.6
227.4
130.0
110.3
82.9
209.4
188.4
180.0

363.6
126.3
202.1

257.4
87.6
182.4

51.3

50.9

57.8

66.1

80.3

89.1

361.0
12.7
7.3
2002
- 45.1
- 21.9
- 11.9
74.3

374.0
13.2
6.9
2003
- 66.0
- 25.1
- 12.1
76.6

422.7
13.1
6.6
2004
- 74.6
- 24.4
- 10.8
82.7

485.7
14.6
6.8
2005
- 126.8
- 43.2
- 23.1
96.2

556.1
15.9
7.4
2006
- 192.5
- 56.8
- 33.6
102.3

599.5
17.1
8.5
2007
- 192.4
- 34.1
- 26.0
85.5

- 0.8

- 6.6

- 9.9

- 11.2

- 17.0

- 17.5

- 99.6
8.9
6.0

- 113.1
9.1
5.3

- 131.9
11.6
8.0

- 167.4
11.6
10.3

- 208.8
10.0
11.4

- 225.5
11.0
14.1

14

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

2004

2005

2006

2007

EU trade, 2002-07
Billion EUR
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400

2002

2003

Exports

Imports

Balance

EU trade by geographical zone, 2007
Billion EUR
700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Asia

Other European
countries

North
America

Africa

Central and
South America

Oceania

Exports

Imports

Starting from 2003, the European Union recorded a steady growth in 
both imports and exports. From 2003 to 2007, the average annual growth 
rate was more than 9 % for exports and more than 11 % for imports.

EU  trade  is  characterised  by  a  permanent  but  generally  limited 
trade deficit. In 2007, the deficit reached EUR 192 billion, which was 
slightly  lower  than  in  the  previous  year  but  more  than  four  times 
higher than in 2002. 

In 2007, over 40 % of EU imports came from Asian countries while the 
other European countries accounted for more than a quarter. 

The main destination of EU exports in 2007 was Asia with a 30 %  
share,  followed  by  other  European  countries  (28  %)  and  North 
America (24 %). 

The  EU  has  a  considerable  deficit  in  trade  with  Asian  countries, 
which more than doubled between 2002 and 2007. 

The largest surplus is recorded in trade with North America. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

15

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.2. EU trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Japan
Norway
Turkey
South Korea
India
Brazil
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Japan
Norway
Turkey
South Korea
India
Brazil
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Japan
Norway
Turkey
South Korea
India
Brazil

2002
891.9
247.9
35.1
34.4
72.8
43.5
28.2
26.6
17.7
14.3
15.7
2002
937.0
182.6
90.2
64.5
61.7
73.7
48.0
24.6
24.6
13.7
18.4
2002
- 45.1
65.3
- 55.1
- 30.1
11.1
- 30.2
- 19.9
2.0
- 6.9
0.7
- 2.6

2003
869.2
227.3
41.5
37.2
71.4
41.0
27.7
30.9
16.5
14.6
12.4
2003
935.3
158.1
106.2
70.7
59.1
72.4
51.0
27.3
26.0
14.1
19.1
2003
- 66.0
69.2
- 64.8
- 33.5
12.3
- 31.4
- 23.4
3.6
- 9.6
0.5
- 6.7

2004
953.0
235.5
48.4
46.0
75.2
43.4
30.8
40.1
17.9
17.2
14.2
2004
1 027.5
159.4
128.7
84.0
62.0
74.7
55.3
32.7
30.7
16.4
21.7
2004
- 74.6
76.1
- 80.3
- 37.9
13.2
- 31.3
- 24.5
7.4
- 12.7
0.8
- 7.6

2005
1 052.7
252.7
51.8
56.7
82.6
43.8
33.8
44.6
20.2
21.3
16.1
2005
1 179.6
163.5
160.3
112.6
66.6
74.1
67.2
36.1
34.5
19.1
24.1
2005
- 126.9
89.2
- 108.5
- 55.9
16.0
- 30.3
- 33.4
8.5
- 14.2
2.2
- 8.1

2006
1 159.3
269.0
63.8
72.3
87.7
44.7
38.5
50.0
22.9
24.4
17.7
2006
1 351.7
175.2
194.8
140.9
71.6
77.3
79.2
41.7
40.8
22.6
27.2
2006
- 192.5
93.8
- 131.1
- 68.6
16.1
- 32.6
- 40.7
8.3
- 17.9
1.8
- 9.5

2007
1 241.4
261.4
71.9
89.1
92.9
43.7
43.5
52.7
24.8
29.5
21.3
2007
1 433.8
181.6
232.6
144.3
76.9
78.3
76.6
47.0
41.4
26.6
32.8
2007
- 192.4
79.9
- 160.7
- 55.1
16.0
- 34.7
- 33.1
5.7
- 16.6
2.9
- 11.5

16

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports, 2002-07

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

USA

China

Russia

Switzerland

2007

Japan

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports, 2002-07

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

USA

China

Russia

Switzerland

2007

Japan

The  USA  has  traditionally  been  the  EU’s  most  important  trading 
partner but its relative significance has declined in recent years, in 
particular in imports. Between 2002 and 2007, the US proportion of 
total EU exports fell from 28 % to 21 % and of imports from 19 % to 
13 %. In 2007, the surplus with the USA fell for the first time since 
the turn of the century and reached EUR 80 billion.

China has become a main player in world trade in recent years. EU 
trade with China has more than quadrupled since 1999. China cur-
rently ranks first among EU import suppliers, after overtaking the 
USA in 2006. 

Since 2000, the EU has recorded the largest bilateral deficit in trade 
with China. Other large deficits were measured in trade with Russia, 
Japan and Norway. The EU posts the only large-scale trade surplus 
in trade with the USA. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

17

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.3. EU trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
891.9
94.7
50.1
18.5
26.2
777.3
141.1
401.5

2003
869.2
94.2
48.5
18.3
27.4
756.5
141.1
391.6

2004
953.0
102.5
48.6
21.0
32.9
828.9
152.6
430.1

2005
1 052.7
121.7
52.0
23.8
45.9
901.0
164.9
470.3

2006
1 159.3
145.2
57.9
28.6
58.7
982.3
184.6
504.1

2007
1 241.4
155.8
62.0
30.3
63.5
1 051.0
197.7
543.3

234.7

223.9

246.2

265.9

293.6

309.9

19.8
2002
937.0
251.8
58.1
44.5
149.1
654.1
80.8
329.1

18.5
2003
935.3
258.2
57.3
43.1
157.9
645.8
80.5
326.7

21.5
2004
1 027.5
290.9
58.9
48.5
183.6
705.7
88.6
354.6

30.0
2005
1 179.6
388.3
63.0
52.7
272.6
765.4
96.4
378.7

31.8
2006
1 351.7
470.8
67.9
63.2
339.6
852.5
109.0
402.6

34.6
2007
1 433.8
481.1
75.6
70.4
335.2
921.1
120.6
418.5

244.3

238.5

262.5

290.3

340.9

382.0

31.1
2002
- 45.1
- 157.1
- 8.0
- 26.1
- 122.9
123.3
60.4
72.4

31.3
2003
- 66.0
- 164.0
- 8.8
- 24.8
- 130.4
110.8
60.6
64.9

30.9
2004
- 74.6
- 188.4
- 10.3
- 27.5
- 150.6
123.2
64.0
75.5

25.8
2005
- 126.9
- 266.6
- 11.0
- 28.9
- 226.7
135.6
68.4
91.6

28.5
2006
- 192.5
- 325.6
- 10.0
- 34.7
- 280.9
129.8
75.5
101.5

31.6
2007
- 192.4
- 325.4
- 13.6
- 40.1
- 271.6
129.9
77.1
124.9

- 9.6

- 14.7

- 16.3

- 24.4

- 47.2

- 72.1

- 11.3

- 12.8

- 9.4

4.2

3.4

3.0

18

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

EU exports by product group, 2007

Other manufactured 
products
25 %

Not elsewhere 
speciﬁed
3 %

Food and beverages
5 %

Crude materials
2 %

Energy
5 %

Chemicals
16 %

Other manufactured 
products
27 %

Not elsewhere
speciﬁed
2 %

Food and beverages
5 %

Crude materials
5 %

Energy
23 %

Machinery and vehicles
44 %

EU imports by product group, 2007

Machinery and vehicles
30 %

Chemicals
8 %

The EU exports mainly manufactured products: their share has annu-
ally been around 85 % of total EU exports. In 2007, machinery and ve-
hicles made up almost half of total exports while other manufactured 
products accounted for 25 % and chemical products for 16 %. 

Primary products account for 12 % of total exports; about half of this 
is food and beverages.

The  structure  of  imports  has  slightly  changed  in  recent  years.  Be-
tween 2002 and 2007, the share of primary products increased from 
27 % to 34 % while the respective share of manufactured products 
declined. The main reason behind this is the rapid growth of imports 
of energy products. 

About  two  thirds  of  imports  are  manufactured  goods.  The  break-
down diverges from exports: machinery and vehicles and chemical 
products account for a smaller share while the share of other manu-
factured products is similar to that for exports. 

The  surplus  in  trade  of  manufactured  goods  grew  nearly  threefold 
from 1999 to 2007. The trade of primary products showed an opposite 
development, mainly driven by the deficit in energy products, which 
almost quadrupled in the same period. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

19

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.4. EU trade in food and beverages (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
Russia
Switzerland
Argentina
Norway
China
Turkey
Japan
Canada
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
Russia
Switzerland
Argentina
Norway
China
Turkey
Japan
Canada
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
Russia
Switzerland
Argentina
Norway
China
Turkey
Japan
Canada

2002
50.1
10.4
0.4
3.6
3.6
0.0
1.4
0.5
0.5
3.9
1.5
2002
58.1
5.8
6.1
1.1
1.4
4.0
2.4
1.5
2.1
0.1
1.0
2002
- 8.0
4.7
- 5.7
2.5
2.2
- 4.0
- 1.0
- 1.0
- 1.6
3.7
0.5

2003
48.5
10.2
0.4
3.7
3.7
0.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
3.6
1.5
2003
57.3
5.3
6.2
0.9
1.4
4.3
2.2
1.7
2.0
0.1
1.2
2003
- 8.8
4.9
- 5.8
2.8
2.3
- 4.2
- 0.7
- 1.1
- 1.5
3.5
0.3

2004
48.6
9.9
0.3
4.0
3.7
0.1
1.5
0.6
0.6
3.8
1.5
2004
58.9
5.4
6.9
0.6
1.6
4.4
2.2
1.8
2.5
0.1
1.3
2004
- 10.3
4.4
- 6.5
3.4
2.1
- 4.4
- 0.7
- 1.2
- 1.9
3.7
0.2

2005
52.0
10.2
0.4
4.6
3.8
0.1
1.7
0.8
0.8
3.6
1.6
2005
63.0
5.4
7.0
0.7
1.7
4.3
2.6
2.3
3.0
0.1
1.2
2005
- 11.0
4.7
- 6.6
4.0
2.1
- 4.3
- 0.9
- 1.5
- 2.2
3.5
0.4

2006
57.9
11.4
0.5
5.9
4.1
0.1
1.9
0.9
0.8
3.6
1.9
2006
67.9
5.5
7.2
0.8
2.1
4.9
3.0
2.8
3.0
0.1
1.3
2006
- 10.0
5.9
- 6.8
5.1
2.1
- 4.9
- 1.1
- 1.9
- 2.2
3.5
0.5

2007
62.0
11.2
0.5
6.8
4.4
0.1
2.2
1.2
1.0
3.7
1.9
2007
75.6
5.9
9.1
0.9
2.4
5.9
3.1
3.4
3.1
0.1
1.4
2007
- 13.6
5.3
- 8.6
5.9
2.0
- 5.9
- 0.9
- 2.2
- 2.1
3.6
0.5

20

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of food  
and beverages, 2007

USA
18 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of food  
and beverages, 2007

Brazil
12 %

Others
51 %

Others
60 %

Russia
11 %

Switzerland
7 %

Japan
6 %

Norway
4 %
Canada
3 %

Argentina
8 %

USA
8 %

China
4 %

Norway
4 %

Turkey
4 %

The product group ‘food and beverages’ (SITC Sections 0 and 1) in-
cludes  agricultural  products  such  as  food  and  live  animals,  bever-
ages and tobacco.

The trade in food and beverages remained fairly stable between 1999 
and 2004 but rapidly increased from 2005. The EU posted a perma-
nent trade deficit, reaching EUR 13.6 billion in 2007. 

In exports, beverages are the most important individual products with-
in  the  group,  accounting  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  the  total.  Other 
main products include fruit and vegetables, cereals and dairy products. 

The USA is the main destination country of EU exports with an 18 % 
share, followed by Russia, Switzerland and Japan.

Coffee and tea, fruit, vegetables and fish make up about 60 % of the 
imports.

The imports of food and beverages are less concentrated than total 
EU imports. Brazil, Argentina and the USA are the only suppliers 
accounting for more than 5 % of total imports. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

21

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.5. EU trade in crude materials (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
China
Russia
Canada
Turkey
Indonesia
Chile
Switzerland
Australia
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
China
Russia
Canada
Turkey
Indonesia
Chile
Switzerland
Australia
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Brazil
China
Russia
Canada
Turkey
Indonesia
Chile
Switzerland
Australia

2002
18.5
2.6
0.2
1.3
0.8
0.4
1.3
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.2
2002
44.5
6.9
5.3
1.5
2.8
3.3
0.6
2.1
0.9
0.9
2.1
2002
- 26.1
- 4.3
- 5.1
- 0.1
- 2.0
- 3.0
0.7
- 1.8
- 0.9
0.5
- 1.9

2003
18.3
2.4
0.2
1.7
0.7
0.3
1.6
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.2
2003
43.1
6.2
5.5
1.5
3.0
2.9
0.7
2.1
1.0
0.8
2.0
2003
- 24.8
- 3.8
- 5.3
0.2
- 2.3
- 2.6
0.9
- 1.8
- 1.0
0.5
- 1.8

2004
21.0
3.1
0.2
2.3
0.8
0.3
1.8
0.3
0.1
1.4
0.2
2004
48.5
5.7
6.4
1.9
4.3
3.1
0.8
1.9
1.9
0.9
2.0
2004
- 27.5
- 2.7
- 6.2
0.5
- 3.4
- 2.7
1.0
- 1.6
- 1.8
0.5
- 1.8

2005
23.8
3.3
0.3
3.3
0.9
0.4
1.9
0.3
0.1
1.4
0.2
2005
52.7
6.3
7.2
2.4
4.4
3.1
0.9
2.4
2.3
0.9
1.8
2005
- 28.9
- 3.0
- 7.0
0.9
- 3.5
- 2.8
0.9
- 2.2
- 2.2
0.5
- 1.6

2006
28.6
3.6
0.3
4.9
1.1
0.4
2.3
0.4
0.1
1.6
0.3
2006
63.2
7.8
8.3
2.6
4.9
3.6
1.2
2.9
3.1
1.2
2.6
2006
- 34.7
- 4.2
- 8.0
2.3
- 3.9
- 3.1
1.2
- 2.6
- 3.0
0.4
- 2.4

2007
30.3
3.1
0.3
5.3
1.3
0.6
2.7
0.3
0.1
1.6
0.3
2007
70.4
8.8
10.0
2.8
5.1
4.7
1.2
3.2
3.0
1.4
2.7
2007
- 40.1
- 5.8
- 9.7
2.5
- 3.8
- 4.1
1.5
- 2.9
- 3.0
0.2
- 2.4

22

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of crude  
materials, 2007

China
18 %

Others
52 %

Canada
2 %

USA
10 %

Turkey
9 %

Switzerland
5 %

Russia
4 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of crude  
materials, 2007

Brazil
14 %

Others
50 %

USA
13 %

Russia
7 %

Canada
7 %

Indonesia
5 %

Chile
4 %

Crude materials (SITC Sections 2 and 4) include non-manufactured 
goods like oilseeds, cork, wood, pulp, textile fibres, ores and other 
minerals as well as animal and vegetable oils.

The EU has an ongoing trade deficit; from 2002 to 2007, imports al-
ways more than doubled the value of exports. 

In  2007,  one  half  of  imports  were  metal  ores.  Other  products  to 
record a large share of imports include cork, wood and oilseeds.

The USA was the most important supplier of EU imports until 2004 
when Brazil took over. Russia and Canada are the other main part-
ner countries.

EU  exports  in  crude  materials  are  relatively  low  as  they  make  up 
only about 2 % of total exports. Like for imports, metal ores, cork 
and wood are the main products.

  External and intra-European Union trade

23

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.6. EU trade in energy products (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
Russia
Norway
Libya
USA
Algeria
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Nigeria
Kazakhstan
Switzerland
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
Russia
Norway
Libya
USA
Algeria
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Nigeria
Kazakhstan
Switzerland
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
Russia
Norway
Libya
USA
Algeria
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Nigeria
Kazakhstan
Switzerland

2002
26.2
0.2
0.9
0.3
9.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
3.2
2002
149.1
38.6
24.8
9.2
1.8
10.7
9.6
4.7
4.3
3.3
1.7
2002
- 122.9
- 38.4
- 23.9
- 8.9
7.8
- 10.6
- 9.6
- 4.6
- 4.0
- 3.3
1.5

2003
27.4
0.2
1.1
0.3
9.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
3.7
2003
157.9
43.0
26.2
10.6
1.5
10.6
10.8
6.0
5.4
3.3
1.5
2003
- 130.4
- 42.8
- 25.2
- 10.3
8.3
- 10.5
- 10.7
- 6.0
- 5.0
- 3.3
2.2

2004
32.9
0.3
1.5
0.4
12.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
3.5
2004
183.6
50.4
31.5
13.2
2.6
11.2
13.6
7.1
4.5
5.9
1.4
2004
- 150.6
- 50.2
- 30.0
- 12.7
9.6
- 11.1
- 13.6
- 7.0
- 3.7
- 5.9
2.1

2005
45.9
0.3
1.7
0.6
16.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
1.1
0.0
4.4
2005
272.6
75.8
40.4
18.6
3.3
15.4
18.8
10.4
7.7
9.0
1.8
2005
- 226.7
- 75.5
- 38.7
- 17.9
12.9
- 15.2
- 18.7
- 10.0
- 6.6
- 9.0
2.6

2006
58.7
0.4
2.1
0.6
18.4
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.0
5.5
2006
339.6
94.2
45.9
23.5
4.3
17.2
19.9
12.7
10.2
11.7
2.3
2006
- 280.9
- 93.8
- 43.9
- 22.8
14.2
- 16.9
- 19.7
- 12.2
- 9.1
- 11.6
3.3

2007
63.5
0.5
2.2
0.9
18.5
0.4
0.2
0.1
2.1
0.0
5.1
2007
335.2
94.8
43.6
24.8
4.2
14.8
15.0
12.2
9.4
11.1
2.2
2007
- 271.6
- 94.3
- 41.4
- 23.9
14.3
- 14.4
- 14.8
- 12.1
- 7.3
- 11.1
2.9

24

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of energy 
products, 2007

USA
29 %

Others
55 %

Switzerland
8 %
Norway
3 %

Nigeria
3 %

Libya
1 %

Russia
1 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of energy 
products, 2007

Russia
28 %

Others
40 %

Norway
13 %

Libya
7 %

Saudi Arabia
4 %

Algeria
4 %

Iran
4 %

The main goods of energy products (SITC Section 3) are crude oil, 
refined petroleum products, coal, gas and electric current. 

The EU is dependent on imports of energy products. This has led to 
a structural trade deficit, which reached a record level of EUR 280.9 
billion in 2006. 

The value of imports follows closely the price of crude oil. EU imports 
almost doubled from 1999 to 2001, then remained fairly stable from 
2001 to 2004 and rose again strongly from 2004 to 2006. 

Three  quarters  of  imports  are  petroleum  and  petroleum  products, 
mainly crude oil. Most of the remaining falls to gas and coal.

The most important energy providers of the EU are Russia and Norway, 
which made up about 40 % of the imports in 2007. Libya, Saudi Arabia 
and Algeria also have relevant shares of EU energy imports. 

The majority of EU exports are refined petroleum products. The big-
gest destination country is the USA, which accounts for more than 
one quarter of total exports. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

25

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.7. EU trade in chemicals (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Japan
China
Turkey
Singapore
Canada
Norway
Brazil
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Japan
China
Turkey
Singapore
Canada
Norway
Brazil
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Japan
China
Turkey
Singapore
Canada
Norway
Brazil

2002
141.1
46.5
13.8
4.7
8.4
3.3
5.0
1.9
3.5
2.8
3.0
2002
80.8
31.0
18.5
2.4
5.6
3.3
0.6
2.2
1.0
2.4
0.7
2002
60.4
15.4
- 4.6
2.3
2.9
0.0
4.4
- 0.3
2.6
0.5
2.3

2003
141.1
46.3
13.5
5.2
7.8
3.8
5.6
1.8
3.9
2.9
2.8
2003
80.5
28.9
17.6
2.7
5.5
3.8
0.7
3.5
1.3
2.4
0.8
2003
60.6
17.4
- 4.1
2.5
2.3
- 0.1
5.0
- 1.7
2.6
0.5
2.0

2004
152.6
46.7
14.9
6.4
8.8
4.5
7.0
2.3
3.9
3.0
3.2
2004
88.6
31.4
19.9
3.2
5.7
4.1
0.8
4.5
1.4
2.4
0.8
2004
64.0
15.3
- 5.0
3.3
3.1
0.4
6.2
- 2.2
2.5
0.6
2.4

2005
164.9
48.6
16.4
8.2
9.0
5.2
7.9
2.5
4.3
3.3
3.2
2005
96.4
31.2
21.3
3.7
6.0
5.2
0.9
5.9
1.6
2.6
1.1
2005
68.4
17.4
- 4.9
4.5
2.9
0.0
7.0
- 3.4
2.7
0.7
2.2

2006
184.6
55.0
18.2
10.9
9.2
6.1
8.7
2.6
5.0
3.5
3.7
2006
109.0
34.6
24.2
4.0
6.2
6.3
1.2
6.1
2.2
3.0
1.3
2006
75.5
20.3
- 6.0
6.9
3.0
- 0.2
7.5
- 3.5
2.7
0.5
2.3

2007
197.7
55.8
20.0
12.4
8.8
7.4
9.1
2.5
5.2
3.8
4.3
2007
120.6
35.9
25.3
4.5
6.5
7.5
1.4
7.5
3.4
3.3
1.7
2007
77.1
19.9
- 5.3
7.9
2.3
- 0.2
7.8
- 4.9
1.8
0.5
2.6

26

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of chemical 
products, 2007

USA
28 %

Others
43 %

Switzerland
10 %

Russia
6 %

Turkey
5 %
Japan
4 %

China
4 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of chemical 
products, 2007

USA
30 %

Others
28 %

Switzerland
21 %

China
6 %

Singapore
6 %

Japan
5 %

Russia
4 %

The  chemicals  sector  (SITC  Section  5)  contains  various  chemical 
goods such as organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, plastics and 
pharmaceutical products. 

Trade in chemicals has grown steadily every year since 2003 but its 
share of the total EU trade has remained quite stable: in 2007, chemi-
cals accounted for 16 % of exports and 8 % of imports.

Besides  machinery  and  vehicles,  the  chemicals  sector  is  the  only 
product  group  where  the  EU  posts  a  trade  surplus.  The  surplus 
reached EUR 77.1 billion in 2007.

The most important products within the group, both for exports and 
imports, are pharmaceutical products and organic chemicals. 

The majority of imports come from a small number of countries: in 
2007, the seven biggest suppliers accounted for over three quarters of 
total EU imports. The USA was the main source, with a proportion 
of 30 %, followed by Switzerland with 21 %.

The USA (28 % in 2007) and Switzerland (10 %) were also the main 
partner countries for exports. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

27

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.8. EU trade in machinery and vehicles (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Japan
Russia
South Korea
Switzerland
Turkey
Taiwan
Norway
Singapore
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Japan
Russia
South Korea
Switzerland
Turkey
Taiwan
Norway
Singapore
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
USA
China
Japan
Russia
South Korea
Switzerland
Turkey
Taiwan
Norway
Singapore

2002
401.5
115.8
22.4
16.3
14.8
8.0
23.5
11.7
5.5
12.1
8.5
2002
329.1
96.6
37.6
53.8
1.0
18.8
16.0
6.9
17.6
3.7
10.5
2002
72.4
19.2
- 15.1
- 37.5
13.8
- 10.8
7.5
4.7
- 12.1
8.5
- 2.0

2003
391.6
102.2
26.4
14.9
16.7
7.5
23.3
14.1
5.2
11.8
8.7
2003
326.7
81.7
48.4
54.1
1.1
20.6
15.6
8.1
16.8
4.0
10.0
2003
64.9
20.4
- 22.0
- 39.2
15.5
- 13.1
7.7
5.9
- 11.6
7.8
- 1.4

2004
430.1
103.5
30.8
15.6
21.5
8.3
23.6
19.5
5.9
13.6
9.4
2004
354.6
80.2
62.6
56.2
1.2
24.9
15.8
11.1
17.7
3.8
11.0
2004
75.5
23.3
- 31.8
- 40.6
20.3
- 16.6
7.8
8.4
- 11.8
9.7
- 1.6

2005
470.3
109.4
31.0
15.3
26.7
8.8
26.3
21.1
6.2
14.6
9.6
2005
378.7
76.7
75.1
54.9
1.2
28.2
17.9
12.7
17.6
4.1
10.6
2005
91.6
32.7
- 44.1
- 39.6
25.5
- 19.4
8.4
8.3
- 11.4
10.5
- 0.9

2006
504.1
112.7
37.8
15.4
33.6
10.1
25.3
23.6
5.7
16.5
10.6
2006
402.6
76.7
93.8
57.5
1.2
32.7
17.2
15.3
19.0
4.5
10.7
2006
101.5
36.0
- 55.9
- 42.1
32.4
- 22.6
8.1
8.3
- 13.3
12.0
0.0

2007
543.3
107.8
42.7
15.8
43.3
11.9
25.6
24.2
6.1
19.2
11.4
2007
418.5
79.4
107.3
57.2
1.5
32.1
18.3
17.5
17.8
4.2
8.7
2007
124.9
28.4
- 64.7
- 41.3
41.9
- 20.2
7.4
6.7
- 11.7
14.9
2.7

28

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of machinery  
and vehicles, 2007

USA
20 %

Russia
8 %

Others
51 %

China
8 %

Switzerland
5 %

Turkey
4 %

Norway
4 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of machinery  
and vehicles, 2007

Others
25 %

Taiwan
4 %

Switzerland
4 %

South Korea
8 %

Japan
14 %

China
26 %

USA
19 %

‘Machinery and vehicles’ (SITC Section 7) includes power generat-
ing  and  industrial  machinery,  computers,  electric  and  electronic 
parts and equipment, road vehicles and parts, ships, airplanes and 
railway equipment.
‘Machinery and vehicles’ is the most important individual product 
group in the external trade of the EU, accounting for 44 % of total 
EU exports and 30 % of imports in 2007. The group records also the 
largest surplus in EU trade: EUR 125 billion in 2007. 
The main exported products within the group are road vehicles, in-
dustrial machinery and electrical machinery, while the imports are 
dominated by electrical machinery, IT products and telecommuni-
cations equipment.
The USA is by far the biggest destination country of EU exports, al-
though its proportion diminished from 29 % to 20 % between 2002 
and 2007. Concerning the other main partner countries, exports to 
Russia and China increased strongly during the same period while 
the share of EU exports to Switzerland decreased. 
The  USA  and  Japan  are  still  two  of  the  top  three  source  countries 
in imports although their importance has decreased. In 2002, they 
covered 46 % of EU imports but only 33 % in 2007. During the same 
period China’s share increased from 11 % to 26 %. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

29

2

Extra-European Union trade

2.9. EU trade in other manufactured products (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EU-27
China
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Turkey
India
Japan
Norway
Hong Kong
South Africa
Imports
Total extra-EU-27
China
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Turkey
India
Japan
Norway
Hong Kong
South Africa
Balance
Total extra-EU-27
China
USA
Switzerland
Russia
Turkey
India
Japan
Norway
Hong Kong
South Africa

2002
234.7
6.6
58.1
24.4
9.7
6.6
6.3
11.8
9.1
7.5
2.6
2002
244.3
45.5
36.0
19.3
7.5
14.0
9.1
13.0
6.7
5.5
4.2
2002
- 9.6
- 38.9
22.0
5.2
2.2
- 7.4
- 2.8
- 1.2
2.4
2.0
- 1.6

2003
223.9
8.2
52.1
23.5
10.1
7.2
7.4
11.7
8.8
6.7
2.9
2003
238.5
49.8
31.0
18.8
8.6
15.3
9.1
11.2
6.6
4.6
4.9
2003
- 14.7
- 41.7
21.1
4.8
1.6
- 8.1
- 1.7
0.5
2.2
2.0
- 2.0

2004
246.2
9.2
56.4
25.5
12.3
9.1
8.1
12.4
9.6
7.0
3.3
2004
262.5
56.9
31.1
19.6
11.1
17.1
10.3
11.3
7.5
4.9
5.5
2004
- 16.3
- 47.6
25.3
5.9
1.2
- 8.0
- 2.2
1.1
2.2
2.1
- 2.2

2005
265.9
10.3
58.1
26.6
14.8
10.2
10.3
12.7
10.7
7.3
3.7
2005
290.3
74.1
32.7
20.1
12.1
17.9
11.7
11.3
7.7
5.1
5.9
2005
- 24.4
- 63.8
25.4
6.5
2.7
- 7.7
- 1.5
1.4
3.0
2.2
- 2.2

2006
293.6
12.5
60.9
29.2
18.9
11.7
10.0
13.3
12.0
7.9
4.0
2006
340.9
88.2
36.5
21.3
15.0
20.0
13.9
11.9
9.4
6.5
6.9
2006
- 47.2
- 75.8
24.4
7.9
4.0
- 8.3
- 4.0
1.3
2.7
1.4
- 2.9

2007
309.9
13.5
58.4
31.5
23.0
13.0
11.5
11.8
13.5
8.2
4.3
2007
382.0
109.5
37.0
23.1
16.1
23.0
15.6
12.8
10.1
5.6
8.5
2007
- 72.1
- 96.0
21.5
8.4
6.9
- 10.0
- 4.2
- 1.0
3.5
2.6
- 4.2

30

External and intra-European Union trade 

Extra-European Union trade

2

Main trading partners’ shares of EU exports of other 
manufactured products, 2007

USA
19 %

Others
52 %

Switzerland
10 %

Russia
7 %

Norway
4 %

China
4 %

Turkey
4 %

Main trading partners’ shares of EU imports of other 
manufactured products, 2007

China
29 %

Others
41 %

USA
10 %

Switzerland
6 %

Turkey
6 %

Russia
4 %

India
4 %

‘Other manufactured products’ (SITC Sections 6 and 8) is a hetero-
geneous  group  consisting  of  manufactured  products  which  range 
from  basic  semi-manufactured  products  such  as  leather,  rubber, 
wood, paper, textiles, metals, building fixtures and fittings to more 
labour-intensive products like clothes, shoes and accessories, scien-
tific instruments, clocks, watches and cameras. 

The structure of exports and imports, in terms of products, differs 
to some extent. The EU exports more semi-manufactured products 
such as metals and metal products while, for imports, manufactured 
products are more relevant, in particular clothing.

After  a  fall  in  2003,  the  value  of  both  imports  and  exports  rose 
continuously in the following years. The EU trade deficit has risen 
in the last few years, reaching EUR 72 billion in 2007. 

After overtaking the USA in 2001, China has been the biggest suppli-
er of the EU in this product group, reaching a share of 29 % in 2007.  
Other important suppliers include the USA, Switzerland and Turkey. 
The main destinations of exports are the USA, Switzerland and Russia. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

31

3

Euro area trade

3 Euro area trade

3.1. Euro area trade by geographical zone (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EA-15
Other European 
countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed
Imports
Total extra-EA-15
Other European 
countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed
Balance
Total extra-EA-15
Other European 
countries
Africa
North America
Central and South 
America
Asia
Oceania
Non-speciﬁed

2002
1 076.5

2003
1 052.0

2004
1 146.2

2005
1 235.1

2006
1 379.2

2007
1 498.4

529.5

531.9

585.4

628.2

716.0

793.8

59.4
206.7

59.3
187.7

64.6
195.2

73.3
207.9

77.2
223.7

86.9
218.1

43.4

37.7

40.7

46.9

54.3

61.6

203.3
15.8
18.4
2002
983.8

201.4
16.4
17.5
2003
988.3

226.3
18.2
15.9
2004
1 080.7

244.4
19.3
15.2
2005
1 225.7

271.6
18.9
17.3
2006
1 393.8

295.5
20.9
21.6
2007
1 482.7

459.7

467.6

507.3

563.1

644.3

682.0

67.9
140.1

68.9
124.6

73.4
128.9

96.0
136.4

110.1
142.4

113.8
147.9

39.4

39.6

45.7

53.7

66.0

74.8

257.4
7.8
11.4
2002
92.7

69.8

- 8.5
66.6

4.0

- 54.2
8.0
7.0

268.1
7.9
11.6
2003
63.6

64.3

- 9.5
63.0

- 1.9

- 66.7
8.5
5.9

310.6
8.5
6.3
2004
65.5

78.1

- 8.9
66.3

- 5.0

- 84.3
9.7
9.6

363.0
9.6
3.9
2005
9.4

415.9
11.0
4.1
2006
- 14.6

447.7
11.8
4.7
2007
15.8

65.1

71.7

111.8

- 22.8
71.5

- 32.9
81.4

- 26.8
70.3

- 6.8

- 11.6

- 13.2

- 118.6
9.6
11.3

- 144.4
7.9
13.2

- 152.2
9.0
16.9

34

External and intra-European Union trade 

Euro area trade

3

Euro area trade, 2002-07

Billion EUR
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
-200

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Exports

Imports

Balance

Euro area trade by geographical zone, 2007

Billion EUR
900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Other European
countries

Asia

North
America

Exports

Africa

Central and
South America

Oceania

Imports

Euro  area  trade  has  followed  the  same  pattern  as  EU  trade  in  recent 
years: the value of trade increased strongly from 2003 to 2007, with an 
average  annual  growth  rate  of  about  10  %.  In  2007,  the  value  of  both 
imports and exports was just below EUR 1 500 billion.

About half of euro area trade is carried out with other European coun-
tries. In 2007, they accounted for 53 % of exports and 46 % of imports. 
The respective shares of Asian countries were 20 % and 30 %. 

Unlike the EU as a whole, the euro area has posted a trade surplus in all 
recent years except for 2006. The euro area runs a surplus in trade with 
other European countries and North America while a deficit is recorded 
in trade with Asian countries. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

35

3 Euro area trade

3.2. Euro area trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EA-15
United Kingdom
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Poland
Sweden
Czech Republic
Japan
Turkey
Imports
Total extra-EA-15
United Kingdom
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Poland
Sweden
Czech Republic
Japan
Turkey
Balance
Total extra-EA-15
United Kingdom
USA
China
Russia
Switzerland
Poland
Sweden
Czech Republic
Japan
Turkey

2002
1 076.5
206.1
184.7
29.8
27.4
64.1
33.3
37.2
27.0
33.2
21.5
2002
983.8
150.5
126.4
62.2
42.6
52.2
24.2
35.8
25.2
53.1
17.8
2002
92.7
55.6
58.2
- 32.4
- 15.2
12.0
9.1
1.4
1.8
- 19.9
3.7

2003
1 052.0
195.0
167.5
35.0
29.6
63.4
34.2
38.7
28.5
31.4
24.9
2003
988.3
139.5
111.2
75.0
47.8
50.8
27.0
37.1
27.4
52.5
19.5
2003
63.6
55.6
56.3
- 40.0
- 18.2
12.6
7.2
1.6
1.2
- 21.1
5.4

2004
1 146.2
206.1
174.4
40.7
36.2
66.8
39.1
42.2
31.3
33.4
32.2
2004
1 080.7
145.8
114.4
93.4
56.8
53.8
29.8
40.1
27.8
54.6
23.3
2004
65.5
60.3
60.0
- 52.7
- 20.6
12.9
9.3
2.1
3.5
- 21.2
8.9

2005
1 235.1
203.4
185.3
43.4
43.7
70.7
45.8
45.1
35.4
34.1
34.8
2005
1 225.7
153.4
119.9
118.5
76.2
58.1
32.9
42.4
31.8
53.2
25.3
2005
9.4
50.1
65.4
- 75.0
- 32.6
12.6
12.8
2.8
3.6
- 19.1
9.6

2006
1 379.2
216.2
199.1
53.6
55.6
77.2
59.6
49.8
42.2
34.5
38.7
2006
1 393.8
166.9
125.4
144.2
95.6
62.1
42.0
47.8
39.3
56.8
29.1
2006
- 14.6
49.3
73.7
- 90.5
- 40.0
15.1
17.6
2.0
2.9
- 22.3
9.6

2007
1 498.4
228.4
194.4
60.1
67.1
82.0
72.2
55.1
49.2
34.1
40.8
2007
1 482.7
168.2
131.0
171.1
97.9
67.0
49.1
51.8
46.9
58.5
32.0
2007
15.8
60.2
63.4
- 111.0
- 30.8
15.0
23.2
3.2
2.4
- 24.4
8.8

36

External and intra-European Union trade 

Euro area trade

3

Main trading partners’ shares of euro area exports, 2002-07

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

United Kingdom

USA

China

Russia

Switzerland

Main trading partners’ shares of euro area imports, 2002-07

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

United Kingdom

USA

China

Russia

Switzerland

The most important trading partner of the euro area is the United 
Kingdom,  followed  by  the  USA.  In  2007,  the  United  Kingdom  ac-
counted  for  15  %  of  exports  and  11  %  of  imports,  while  the  USA 
recorded 13 % and 9 % respectively. 

The euro area is running a stable surplus in trade with the United 
Kingdom and the USA. In 2007, the surplus with the United King-
dom reached EUR 60 billion, up from 49 billion in 2006. The sur-
plus with the USA fell from EUR 74 billion to 63 billion during the 
same period. 

Trade with China has grown strongly in recent years. In 2007, China 
became the largest supplier of the euro area. As imports from China 
grew at a faster pace than exports, the trade deficit deepened to EUR 
111 billion in 2007. Besides China, large deficits are also recorded in 
trade with Russia and Japan. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

37

3 Euro area trade

3.3. Euro area trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total extra-EA-15
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total extra-EA-15
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total extra-EA-15
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
1 076.5
108.8
65.6
20.6
22.6
943.3
162.7
495.2

2003
1 052.0
108.3
65.2
19.9
23.2
918.0
161.5
480.9

2004
1 146.2
117.6
67.3
22.3
27.9
1 000.1
175.2
525.5

2005
1 235.1
138.5
73.3
25.3
40.0
1 066.8
189.7
559.1

2006
1 379.2
165.0
82.1
30.2
52.7
1 181.7
212.0
610.7

2007
1 498.4
184.2
91.1
32.5
60.6
1 278.6
231.8
661.6

285.4

275.6

299.4

318.0

359.0

385.2

24.4
2002
983.8
242.3
59.8
44.3
138.1
715.6
99.2
360.1

25.7
2003
988.3
248.0
60.0
43.5
144.4
713.5
99.7
359.4

28.6
2004
1 080.7
276.2
62.1
48.2
165.9
775.2
107.1
392.5

29.8
2005
1 225.7
362.8
67.4
52.8
242.6
844.7
117.9
425.8

32.5
2006
1 393.8
434.8
72.9
63.8
298.1
941.2
131.3
458.6

35.6
2007
1 482.7
445.8
82.0
70.6
293.2
1 016.6
143.7
481.0

256.2

254.5

275.5

301.0

351.2

391.9

26.0
2002
92.7
- 133.5
5.8
- 23.7
- 115.6
227.8
63.5
135.1

29.2

- 1.6

26.8
2003
63.6
- 139.6
5.2
- 23.6
- 121.3
204.5
61.8
121.5

21.1

- 1.2

29.3
2004
65.5
- 158.7
5.2
- 25.9
- 137.9
224.9
68.1
132.9

23.9

- 0.8

18.3
2005
9.4
- 224.2
5.9
- 27.5
- 202.6
222.1
71.8
133.2

17.0

11.5

17.8
2006
- 14.6
- 269.9
9.2
- 33.6
- 245.5
240.5
80.7
152.0

7.8

14.8

20.3
2007
15.8
- 261.6
9.1
- 38.1
- 232.6
262.0
88.1
180.7

- 6.7

15.3

38

External and intra-European Union trade 

Euro area trade

3

Euro area exports by product groups, 2007

Other manufactured products
26 %

Machinery and vehicles
45 %

Not elsewhere speciﬁed
2 %

Food and beverages
6 %

Crude materials
2 %

Energy
4 %

Chemicals
15 %

Euro area imports by product groups, 2007

Other manufactured products
26 %

Not elsewhere speciﬁed
1 %

Food and beverages
6 %

Crude materials
5 %

Machinery and vehicles
32 %

Energy
20 %

Chemicals
10 %

The structure of euro area trade, in terms of products, is very similar 
to that of the EU. Exports are concentrated on manufactured prod-
ucts.  In  2007,  machinery  and  vehicles  represented  45  %  and  other 
manufactured products 26 % of total exports. 

For  imports,  the  primary  products  accounted  for  30  %  of  total  im-
ports. A major share of this was made up by energy products. 

The euro area is running a substantial surplus in manufactured prod-
ucts. In 2007, the surplus was EUR 262 billion. The majority of this 
was generated by machinery and vehicles while ‘other manufactured 
products’ showed a deficit for the first time in 2007.

Trade of primary products is running a sizeable deficit. While trade in 
food and beverages posts a small surplus, there is a permanent deficit 
in energy products and crude materials. 

  External and intra-European Union trade

39

4

External trade by 
Member State

4 External trade by Member State

4.1. Overview

Member States’ share of extra-EU-27 exports, 2007

DE
IT
FR
UK
NL
BE
ES
SE
AT
IE
FI
DK
PL
HU
CZ
PT
RO
SI
EL
SK
BG
LT
EE
LU
LV
MT
CY

11.5 %
11.4 %

10.8 %

7.1 %

6.0 %

4.4 %

3.8 %

27.4 %

2.6 %
2.6 %
2.3 %

1.8 %
1.7 %

1.2 %
1.1 %

0.7 %
0.7 %
0.5 %
0.5 %
0.5 %
0.4 %
0.4 %
0.2 %
0.2 %
0.1 %
0.1 %
0.0 %

0 %

5 %

10 %

15 %

20 %

25 %

30 %

Member States’ share of extra-EU-27 imports, 2007

19.0 %

14.3 %

12.5 %

11. 0 %

9.8 %

7.3 %

6.1 %

DE
UK
NL
IT
FR
ES
BE
PL
SE
AT
EL
FI
HU
DK
IE
CZ
RO
PT
SK
BG
SI
LT
LU
LV
EE
CY
MT

2.3 %
2.2 %

1.7 %
1.6 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.4 %
1.3 %
1.2 %
1.0 %
1.0 %
0.8 %
0.6 %
0.4 %
0.4 %
0.4 %
0.2 %
0.2 %
0.1 %
0.1 %

0 %

5 %

10 %

15 %

20 %

42

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Member States’ contributions to extra-EU-27 trade balance, 2007
Billion EUR

- 192.4

15.5
14.0

8.1
6.9

2.8
0.8
0.7
0.2

- 0.1
- 0.9
- 1.2
- 1.7
- 3.5
- 3.8
- 4.0
- 5.3
- 5.7
- 6.5
- 6.6
- 10.7
- 12.9
- 15.2
- 17.4

67.7

EU-27
DE
SE
IE
AT
FI
DK
FR
SI
MT
EE
LV
LT
CY
LU
BG
CZ
PT
SK
RO
HU
PL
BE
IT
EL
ES
UK
NL

- 51.0

- 71.7

- 91.2

- 220 - 200 - 180 - 160 - 140 - 120 - 100

- 80

- 60

- 40

- 20

0

20

40

60

80

Member States’ cover ratios (exports divided by imports) in 
extra-EU-27 trade, 2007

IE
SE
AT
FI
DE
MT
DK
SI
FR
EE
IT
EU-27
BE
LT
CZ
HU
PL
LV
UK
PT
BG
RO
ES
SK
NL
LU
EL
CY

176.5 %

148.2 %

133.0 %
132.3 %

124.8
124.4

114.6 %

111.4 %

100.5 %

97.5 %

90.4 %

86.5 %
85.3 %

78.2 %
76.7 %

68.8 %
66.9 %
66.3 %
65.1 %

62.5 %

58.2 %

56.1 %

51.4 %
49.7 %
49.1 %

35.1 %

25.7 %

14.8 %
20 %

0 %

40 %

60 %

80 % 100 % 120 % 140 % 160 % 180 % 200 %

  External and intra-European Union trade

43

4 External trade by Member State

Shares of intra-EU and extra-EU trade in total trade, 2007

CZ
SK
LU
AT
PT
PL
LV
EE
HU
BE
DK
SI
RO
CY
FR
LT
EU-27
IE
ES
SE
NL
DE
MT
FI
EL
BG
IT
UK

0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

Share intra-EU

Share extra-EU

44

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Member States’ cover ratios (exports divided by imports) in 
total trade, 2007

IE
DE
NL
SE
FI
BE
DK
CZ
AT
HU
IT
SK
SI
FR
PL
LU
UK
EE
LT
MT
PT
ES
BG
RO
LV
EL
CY

145 %

125 %

112 %

112 %

110 %

105 %

104 %

104 %

100 %

100 %

97 %

97 %

95 %

89 %

85 %

82 %

70 %

70 %

70 %

67 %

66 %

65 %

62 %

58 %

54 %

31 %

16 %

20 %

0 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

120 %

140 %

160 %

  External and intra-European Union trade

45

4 External trade by Member State

4.2. Data

Belgium: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
USA
Italy
Spain
Ireland
China
Sweden
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
USA
Italy
Spain
Ireland
China
Sweden
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
USA
Italy
Spain
Ireland
China
Sweden

2002
228.6
172.4
56.2
42.6
26.7
37.3
22.0
17.8
12.4
8.3
1.8
2.0
3.1
2002
209.7
152.8
56.9
36.2
33.1
26.4
15.6
13.8
7.0
3.9
14.7
4.7
4.6
2002
18.8
19.6
- 0.7
6.4
- 6.4
10.9
6.3
4.0
5.4
4.4
- 12.9
- 2.7
- 1.4

2003
226.0
174.4
51.6
44.0
26.5
39.0
20.6
15.2
12.1
8.9
1.5
2.3
3.2
2003
207.7
152.8
54.9
38.1
33.6
27.2
15.6
12.4
6.8
4.1
11.6
5.5
4.4
2003
18.3
21.6
- 3.3
5.9
- 7.1
11.8
4.9
2.8
5.3
4.9
- 10.1
- 3.2
- 1.3

2004
246.7
190.1
56.6
48.7
28.9
42.2
21.4
16.1
12.9
9.6
1.8
2.4
3.4
2004
229.6
167.2
62.4
42.1
37.9
28.2
15.8
13.2
7.3
4.4
13.9
6.8
4.9
2004
17.1
22.8
- 5.8
6.6
- 9.0
14.1
5.6
2.9
5.7
5.2
- 12.0
- 4.4
- 1.5

2005
268.8
206.2
62.6
52.0
31.4
46.4
22.0
17.2
14.2
10.1
2.9
2.7
3.7
2005
256.2
184.7
71.5
44.1
45.5
29.2
17.4
13.7
8.1
4.6
16.8
8.6
5.1
2005
12.6
21.5
- 8.9
7.9
- 14.1
17.3
4.6
3.5
6.0
5.4
- 13.8
- 5.8
- 1.3

2006
292.2
224.1
68.2
57.6
35.0
49.4
23.1
18.0
15.1
10.7
2.4
2.9
4.3
2006
280.3
201.4
79.0
48.6
51.4
31.3
18.5
15.0
9.4
5.2
16.0
10.2
5.8
2006
11.9
22.7
- 10.8
8.9
- 16.4
18.0
4.6
3.0
5.7
5.6
- 13.7
- 7.3
- 1.5

2007
315.5
240.7
74.9
61.6
37.6
52.5
24.0
18.0
16.4
11.5
2.2
3.3
4.7
2007
301.7
214.0
87.8
53.5
53.1
33.8
18.8
16.3
11.3
5.5
14.7
12.5
6.5
2007
13.8
26.7
- 12.9
8.1
- 15.5
18.7
5.2
1.7
5.1
5.9
- 12.5
- 9.2
- 1.8

46

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Belgium: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
228.6
34.5
19.1
5.5
9.9
193.6
61.7
63.7

2003
226.0
37.0
19.3
5.7
12.1
188.6
61.9
62.7

2004
246.7
40.9
20.1
6.6
14.1
205.4
68.6
66.5

2005
268.8
47.1
21.3
7.0
18.7
221.2
77.2
68.0

2006
292.2
53.8
22.5
8.3
23.1
237.8
83.5
70.8

2007
315.5
55.6
24.6
9.0
22.0
259.2
91.6
75.1

68.2

64.0

70.3

76.1

83.5

92.5

0.5
2002
209.7
40.7
16.5
7.7
16.6
168.8
50.1
59.4

0.4
2003
207.7
42.6
16.7
7.8
18.1
164.9
49.6
59.5

0.4
2004
229.6
48.8
17.3
9.5
22.1
180.6
55.2
64.2

0.6
2005
256.2
60.5
18.1
10.4
32.0
195.5
64.5
65.3

0.6
2006
280.3
70.8
19.0
13.6
38.2
209.2
68.8
68.8

0.8
2007
301.7
71.2
21.1
15.0
35.0
230.3
73.6
76.5

59.4

55.8

61.2

65.7

71.6

80.2

0.2
2002
18.8
- 6.3
2.6
- 2.3
- 6.6
24.8
11.6
4.3

8.8

0.3

0.2
2003
18.3
- 5.6
2.6
- 2.2
- 6.0
23.6
12.2
3.2

8.2

0.2

0.2
2004
17.1
- 8.0
2.9
- 2.8
- 8.0
24.8
13.4
2.4

9.1

0.2

0.2
2005
12.6
- 13.4
3.2
- 3.4
- 13.3
25.7
12.7
2.6

10.4

0.3

0.3
2006
11.9
- 17.0
3.5
- 5.3
- 15.1
28.6
14.7
2.0

11.9

0.3

0.3
2007
13.8
- 15.6
3.5
- 6.1
- 13.0
28.9
18.0
- 1.3

12.3

0.5

  External and intra-European Union trade

47

4 External trade by Member State

Bulgaria: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Turkey
Russia
Greece
Ukraine
Romania
France
Belgium
Austria
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Turkey
Russia
Greece
Ukraine
Romania
France
Belgium
Austria
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Turkey
Russia
Greece
Ukraine
Romania
France
Belgium
Austria

2002
6.1
3.8
2.3
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
2002
8.4
4.9
3.6
1.2
1.0
0.4
1.1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
2002
- 2.4
- 1.1
- 1.3
- 0.6
0.0
0.2
- 1.0
0.0
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.2
0.2
- 0.1

2003
6.7
4.2
2.5
0.7
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
2003
9.6
5.6
4.1
1.4
1.0
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
2003
- 2.9
- 1.3
- 1.6
- 0.7
0.0
0.0
- 1.0
0.1
- 0.3
0.0
- 0.2
0.3
- 0.1

2004
8.0
5.0
3.0
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.2
2004
11.6
6.6
5.0
1.7
1.1
0.7
1.4
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.3
2004
- 3.6
- 1.7
- 2.0
- 0.9
- 0.1
0.1
- 1.3
0.1
- 0.4
0.0
- 0.3
0.3
- 0.1

2005
9.2
5.5
3.7
0.9
1.1
1.0
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.2
2005
12.5
7.8
4.7
2.0
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.2
0.3
2005
- 3.3
- 2.3
- 1.0
- 1.1
- 0.2
0.1
- 0.2
0.1
- 0.5
- 0.3
- 0.3
0.4
- 0.1

2006
11.8
7.1
4.6
1.2
1.2
1.4
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.2
2006
15.4
9.4
6.0
2.3
1.6
1.1
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.2
0.4
2006
- 3.7
- 2.3
- 1.4
- 1.1
- 0.4
0.3
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.6
- 0.2

2007
13.5
8.2
5.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
0.3
1.2
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.2
2007
21.9
12.8
9.1
2.7
1.9
1.5
2.7
1.4
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.9
2007
- 8.4
- 4.6
- 3.8
- 1.3
- 0.5
0.0
- 2.4
- 0.1
- 1.4
- 0.3
- 0.2
0.4
- 0.7

48

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Bulgaria: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
6.1
1.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
4.2
0.5
0.8

2003
6.7
1.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
4.9
0.5
0.9

2004
8.0
1.9
0.7
0.5
0.6
5.7
0.5
1.0

2005
9.2
2.4
0.8
0.6
1.0
6.7
0.7
1.4

2006
11.8
3.4
0.9
0.9
1.6
8.3
0.8
1.6

2007
13.5
3.9
1.0
0.9
2.0
9.4
1.0
2.0

3.0

3.5

4.2

4.6

5.9

6.4

0.5
2002
8.4
1.1
0.4
0.4
0.3
5.6
0.9
2.2

0.4
2003
9.6
1.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
6.6
1.0
2.7

0.4
2004
11.6
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.5
8.2
1.2
3.4

0.1
2005
12.5
2.4
0.6
0.9
0.8
9.9
1.4
4.4

0.1
2006
15.4
3.2
0.8
1.4
1.0
11.9
1.6
5.3

0.1
2007
21.9
7.2
1.2
1.7
4.4
14.5
1.9
6.5

2.6

3.0

3.6

4.1

5.0

6.1

1.6
2002
- 2.4
0.2
0.2
- 0.1
0.1
- 1.4
- 0.4
- 1.5

0.5

- 1.2

1.6
2003
- 2.9
0.0
0.1
- 0.2
0.0
- 1.7
- 0.5
- 1.8

0.6

- 1.2

1.7
2004
- 3.6
0.1
0.2
- 0.2
0.2
- 2.4
- 0.7
- 2.4

0.7

- 1.3

0.3
2005
- 3.3
0.1
0.2
- 0.3
0.2
- 3.2
- 0.7
- 3.1

0.5

- 0.1

0.3
2006
- 3.7
0.1
0.1
- 0.6
0.6
- 3.6
- 0.9
- 3.7

0.9

- 0.2

0.2
2007
- 8.4
- 3.3
- 0.2
- 0.8
- 2.4
- 5.0
- 0.9
- 4.5

0.3

- 0.1

  External and intra-European Union trade

49

4 External trade by Member State

Czech Republic: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Slovakia
Poland
Netherlands
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Russia
Hungary
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Slovakia
Poland
Netherlands
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Russia
Hungary
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Slovakia
Poland
Netherlands
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Russia
Hungary

2002
40.7
34.9
5.8
14.8
3.1
1.9
1.6
2.3
1.9
1.6
2.4
0.5
1.0
2002
43.0
31.2
11.8
14.0
2.3
1.7
1.0
1.9
2.1
2.3
1.3
1.9
0.8
2002
- 2.3
3.7
- 6.0
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.6
0.4
- 0.2
- 0.7
1.0
- 1.4
0.2

2003
43.1
37.6
5.5
15.9
3.4
2.1
1.8
2.7
2.0
1.9
2.3
0.5
1.0
2003
45.7
32.7
13.1
14.8
2.4
1.9
1.0
1.9
2.2
2.4
1.2
2.2
0.9
2003
- 2.7
4.9
- 7.6
1.2
1.1
0.2
0.8
0.7
- 0.2
- 0.5
1.1
- 1.6
0.1

2004
55.5
48.3
7.1
20.4
4.6
2.9
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.4
2.6
0.8
1.5
2004
56.3
45.2
11.1
20.3
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
3.0
1.6
2.2
1.2
2004
- 0.8
3.2
- 4.0
0.1
1.5
0.1
- 0.3
0.4
- 0.1
- 0.6
0.9
- 1.4
0.3

2005
62.8
53.7
9.1
21.1
5.4
3.4
2.3
3.5
3.1
2.6
2.9
1.1
1.7
2005
61.5
50.1
11.4
21.3
3.7
3.3
4.1
3.4
2.7
2.8
1.6
3.4
1.4
2005
1.3
3.6
- 2.4
- 0.1
1.7
0.2
- 1.8
0.1
0.4
- 0.1
1.3
- 2.3
0.3

2006
75.6
64.8
10.8
24.1
6.4
4.3
2.7
3.9
4.1
3.5
3.6
1.5
2.3
2006
74.2
59.7
14.5
24.2
4.6
4.5
5.0
3.7
3.2
3.3
2.1
4.2
2.0
2006
1.4
5.1
- 3.7
0.0
1.8
- 0.2
- 2.3
0.1
0.9
0.2
1.6
- 2.7
0.3

2007
89.4
76.2
13.2
27.5
7.7
5.3
3.3
4.1
4.9
4.4
4.6
2.1
2.8
2007
86.2
69.1
17.2
27.5
5.5
5.4
5.8
4.4
3.5
3.8
2.3
3.9
2.6
2007
3.2
7.2
- 4.0
0.0
2.3
- 0.1
- 2.5
- 0.3
1.3
0.6
2.2
- 1.8
0.2

50

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Czech Republic: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
40.7
3.6
1.3
1.2
1.2
37.0
2.4
20.2

2003
43.1
3.9
1.4
1.2
1.2
39.1
2.5
21.6

2004
55.5
4.8
1.8
1.5
1.6
50.2
3.1
28.6

2005
62.8
5.9
2.4
1.6
1.9
56.4
3.8
31.8

2006
75.6
6.7
2.6
1.9
2.2
68.5
4.4
40.1

2007
89.4
7.9
3.1
2.4
2.4
81.1
5.0
48.4

14.4

15.0

18.5

20.8

24.0

27.7

0.1
2002
43.0
6.6
2.0
1.3
3.3
36.4
4.8
18.2

0.0
2003
45.7
7.1
2.1
1.5
3.5
38.6
5.2
19.4

0.4
2004
56.3
7.7
2.6
1.8
3.2
47.8
6.1
24.4

0.5
2005
61.5
10.6
3.1
1.8
5.6
50.7
6.7
24.7

0.4
2006
74.2
12.9
3.6
2.2
7.1
61.2
7.7
30.6

0.4
2007
86.2
13.4
4.3
2.2
6.9
72.6
8.9
37.1

13.4

14.0

17.3

19.3

22.9

26.7

0.0
2002
- 2.3
- 3.0
- 0.7
- 0.2
- 2.1
0.6
- 2.4
2.0

1.0

0.0

0.0
2003
- 2.7
- 3.2
- 0.7
- 0.2
- 2.3
0.5
- 2.7
2.2

1.0

0.0

0.8
2004
- 0.8
- 2.8
- 0.9
- 0.3
- 1.6
2.5
- 3.0
4.2

1.2

- 0.4

0.2
2005
1.3
- 4.7
- 0.7
- 0.3
- 3.7
5.7
- 2.9
7.1

1.6

0.2

0.2
2006
1.4
- 6.1

- 0.2
- 4.9
7.3
- 3.3
9.6

1.1

0.2

0.2
2007
3.2
- 5.5
- 1.2
0.1
- 4.5
8.5
- 3.9
11.3

1.0

0.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

51

4 External trade by Member State

Denmark: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Sweden
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Norway
USA
France
Italy
China
Belgium
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Sweden
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Norway
USA
France
Italy
China
Belgium
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Sweden
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Norway
USA
France
Italy
China
Belgium

2002
60.8
42.4
18.4
11.9
7.1
6.0
2.8
3.5
3.9
3.1
2.0
0.5
1.0
2002
53.2
39.8
13.4
11.6
6.2
4.6
3.6
3.4
2.0
3.4
2.2
1.5
1.9
2002
7.6
2.6
5.0
0.4
0.9
1.3
- 0.7
0.1
1.9
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.9
- 0.9

2003
58.8
41.3
17.5
11.2
7.4
5.0
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.2
2.0
0.6
1.1
2003
50.8
37.2
13.5
11.5
6.4
3.5
3.5
3.3
1.6
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.7
2003
8.0
4.1
4.0
- 0.3
1.0
1.5
- 0.7
- 0.2
1.9
0.8
0.0
- 1.2
- 0.6

2004
62.0
43.8
18.2
11.2
7.9
5.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
2.2
0.8
1.1
2004
54.8
38.8
16.0
11.7
7.3
3.3
3.6
3.7
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.2
1.9
2004
7.2
4.9
2.2
- 0.5
0.6
2.1
- 0.1
- 0.5
1.5
0.8
0.0
- 1.4
- 0.8

2005
68.4
48.4
20.1
12.0
9.0
6.0
3.6
3.5
4.4
3.8
2.3
0.8
1.1
2005
60.8
43.1
17.6
12.5
8.4
3.6
4.0
4.0
1.7
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.1
2005
7.7
5.2
2.4
- 0.4
0.6
2.4
- 0.4
- 0.5
2.8
1.2
- 0.1
- 2.0
- 1.0

2006
73.7
52.4
21.3
12.8
10.4
6.4
4.0
4.0
4.6
3.6
2.6
0.9
1.1
2006
68.1
49.2
18.9
14.6
9.6
3.9
4.3
4.4
2.0
3.0
2.7
3.4
2.3
2006
5.6
3.2
2.4
- 1.8
0.8
2.6
- 0.3
- 0.4
2.6
0.6
- 0.1
- 2.5
- 1.1

2007
74.9
52.6
22.3
13.1
10.9
6.0
3.6
4.3
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.3
1.2
2007
71.9
52.5
19.4
15.7
10.4
3.8
5.1
4.4
2.3
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.5
2007
3.0
0.2
2.8
- 2.6
0.5
2.2
- 1.6
- 0.1
2.3
0.7
- 0.4
- 2.6
- 1.4

52

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Denmark: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
60.8
17.7
11.7
2.3
3.7
40.4
7.4
17.7

2003
58.8
17.6
11.3
2.4
3.9
39.0
7.7
16.0

2004
62.0
18.8
11.5
2.5
4.8
41.0
8.1
16.8

2005
68.4
21.7
12.0
2.6
7.1
45.2
9.2
18.9

2006
73.7
24.4
12.8
3.2
8.3
47.3
9.1
19.5

2007
74.9
23.6
13.0
2.9
7.6
49.4
9.8
20.0

15.4

15.3

16.0

17.0

18.7

19.6

2.7
2002
53.2
10.4
6.2
2.0
2.2
41.7
5.7
19.9

2.1
2003
50.8
10.4
6.1
2.0
2.3
39.5
5.6
17.8

2.2
2004
54.8
11.1
6.5
2.0
2.7
42.8
6.1
19.6

1.6
2005
60.8
12.5
6.9
2.0
3.6
47.4
6.7
22.0

2.0
2006
68.1
13.8
7.6
2.4
3.8
53.6
7.5
24.4

2.0
2007
71.9
14.3
8.1
2.5
3.6
56.7
8.0
25.2

16.2

16.1

17.2

18.7

21.7

23.5

1.1
2002
7.6
7.3
5.5
0.3
1.5
- 1.3
1.7
- 2.2

- 0.8

1.6

0.9
2003
8.0
7.2
5.1
0.4
1.7
- 0.5
2.1
- 1.8

- 0.8

1.3

0.9
2004
7.2
7.7
5.0
0.5
2.1
- 1.8
2.1
- 2.7

- 1.1

1.3

0.8
2005
7.7
9.2
5.0
0.6
3.6
- 2.3
2.5
- 3.1

- 1.7

0.8

0.7
2006
5.6
10.6
5.3
0.8
4.5
- 6.3
1.7
- 5.0

- 3.0

1.4

0.9
2007
3.0
9.3
4.9
0.4
4.0
- 7.3
1.8
- 5.2

- 3.9

1.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

53

4 External trade by Member State

Germany: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Belgium
Italy
USA
Austria
China
Spain
Switzerland
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Belgium
Italy
USA
Austria
China
Spain
Switzerland
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Belgium
Italy
USA
Austria
China
Spain
Switzerland

2002
651.3
412.7
238.5
68.7
40.5
53.8
31.1
47.3
68.3
33.9
14.6
29.4
26.7
2002
518.5
340.6
177.9
48.8
58.3
33.5
36.6
33.2
32.6
22.0
19.1
15.0
20.9
2002
132.8
72.2
60.6
20.0
- 17.8
20.3
- 5.5
14.2
35.6
11.9
- 4.5
14.5
5.8

2003
664.4
431.1
233.3
69.0
42.2
55.6
35.3
48.4
61.7
35.9
18.3
32.4
26.0
2003
534.5
353.3
181.2
49.4
59.6
31.9
38.2
33.8
31.3
22.6
22.5
16.0
20.0
2003
129.9
77.8
52.1
19.6
- 17.4
23.7
- 2.9
14.6
30.4
13.2
- 4.2
16.4
6.0

2004
731.5
472.3
259.2
74.4
46.7
60.0
40.3
51.5
64.9
40.2
21.0
36.2
27.9
2004
575.4
377.8
197.7
52.1
66.8
35.0
43.4
35.3
31.9
25.2
28.5
17.0
22.0
2004
156.1
94.5
61.6
22.2
- 20.0
25.0
- 3.1
16.2
33.0
15.1
- 7.5
19.3
5.9

2005
780.4
501.6
278.8
78.4
48.3
59.6
43.3
53.4
68.8
43.0
21.2
39.4
29.0
2005
624.6
402.7
221.9
53.6
76.0
39.0
46.2
35.6
32.0
27.1
35.1
17.4
24.0
2005
155.8
99.0
56.9
24.9
- 27.7
20.6
- 2.9
17.8
36.8
15.8
- 14.0
22.0
5.0

2006
882.5
561.4
321.2
84.6
55.8
64.1
46.5
58.9
76.2
49.1
27.1
41.5
34.0
2006
722.1
460.1
262.0
62.1
86.1
41.1
52.9
41.0
33.8
31.2
43.1
19.2
26.4
2006
160.4
101.2
59.2
22.5
- 30.4
23.0
- 6.4
17.9
42.4
17.9
- 16.0
22.3
7.6

2007
964.0
623.9
340.2
93.8
62.1
70.9
51.4
65.0
73.0
52.7
29.9
48.0
36.0
2007
769.8
497.3
272.5
66.6
92.4
43.3
59.9
44.4
34.8
34.4
47.9
20.9
29.0
2007
194.3
126.6
67.7
27.2
- 30.3
27.6
- 8.5
20.6
38.3
18.4
- 18.0
27.2
7.0

54

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Germany: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
651.3
47.7
28.0
10.4
9.3
584.9
79.3
349.2

2003
664.4
50.0
29.1
10.2
10.7
591.2
84.8
350.0

2004
731.5
56.8
30.8
11.8
14.2
651.8
96.8
381.2

2005
780.4
66.0
34.8
13.9
17.3
693.6
105.4
400.5

2006
882.5
78.9
38.3
17.5
23.1
780.3
121.4
441.7

2007
964.0
86.9
43.4
20.4
23.1
855.7
134.8
481.2

156.4

156.4

173.8

187.7

217.3

239.8

18.7
2002
518.5
100.1
38.0
18.5
43.6
402.0
57.7
206.2

23.2
2003
534.5
104.1
38.7
17.9
47.5
408.4
58.8
211.1

22.9
2004
575.4
112.1
39.0
20.6
52.5
439.6
66.4
226.5

20.8
2005
624.6
138.5
42.2
23.0
73.2
475.5
76.0
239.8

23.4
2006
722.1
166.3
46.3
29.7
90.3
545.2
88.3
271.7

21.4
2007
769.8
167.1
50.6
33.3
83.2
591.1
98.7
285.1

138.0

138.5

146.7

159.7

185.2

207.3

16.4
2002
132.8
- 52.4
- 10.0
- 8.1
- 34.3
182.9
21.6
142.9

18.4

2.2

22.1
2003
129.9
- 54.1
- 9.5
- 7.8
- 36.8
182.8
26.0
138.9

17.9

1.2

23.6
2004
156.1
- 55.4
- 8.2
- 8.8
- 38.3
212.1
30.4
154.7

27.1

- 0.7

10.7
2005
155.8
- 72.5
- 7.5
- 9.1
- 55.9
218.2
29.5
160.7

28.0

10.2

10.6
2006
160.4
- 87.4
- 8.0
- 12.2
- 67.2
235.1
33.0
170.0

32.1

12.7

11.6
2007
194.3
- 80.2
- 7.2
- 12.9
- 60.2
264.6
36.1
196.1

32.5

9.8

  External and intra-European Union trade

55

4 External trade by Member State

Estonia: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Russia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Denmark
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Russia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Denmark
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Finland
Sweden
Germany
Russia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Denmark

2002
3.6
3.0
0.7
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
2002
5.1
3.5
1.6
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2002
- 1.4
- 0.5
- 0.9
0.0
0.1
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.1
0.0
- 0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0

2003
4.0
3.3
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
2003
5.7
3.7
2.0
0.9
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
2003
- 1.7
- 0.4
- 1.3
0.1
0.1
- 0.3
- 0.3
0.1
0.0
- 0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0

2004
4.8
3.8
0.9
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
2004
6.7
4.9
1.8
1.3
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2004
- 1.9
- 1.1
- 0.8
- 0.3
0.1
- 0.4
- 0.4
0.1
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0
0.0

2005
6.2
4.9
1.4
1.6
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
2005
8.2
6.3
2.0
1.6
0.7
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
2005
- 2.0
- 1.4
- 0.6
0.0
0.1
- 0.8
- 0.4
0.2
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0
0.0

2006
7.7
5.1
2.7
1.4
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
2006
10.7
8.0
2.7
2.0
1.0
1.3
1.4
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
2006
- 3.0
- 2.9
- 0.1
- 0.6
0.0
- 0.9
- 0.8
0.1
- 0.3
- 0.3
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.1

2007
8.0
5.6
2.4
1.4
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
2007
11.4
9.0
2.5
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
2007
- 3.4
- 3.3
- 0.1
- 0.4
- 0.1
- 1.0
- 0.4
0.1
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0

56

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Estonia: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
3.6
0.8
0.3
0.5
0.1
2.8
0.2
1.1

2003
4.0
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.1
3.1
0.2
1.2

2004
4.8
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.2
3.7
0.3
1.6

2005
6.2
1.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
4.7
0.3
2.2

2006
7.7
2.5
0.5
0.7
1.2
5.2
0.4
2.4

2007
8.0
2.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
5.6
0.5
2.4

1.6

1.7

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.7

0.0
2002
5.1
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.3
4.1
0.5
2.1

0.0
2003
5.7
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
4.7
0.5
2.4

0.0
2004
6.7
1.3
0.6
0.3
0.4
5.4
0.6
2.7

0.0
2005
8.2
1.8
0.7
0.4
0.7
6.5
0.8
3.4

0.0
2006
10.7
2.9
0.7
0.4
1.7
7.8
1.0
4.1

0.0
2007
11.4
3.0
1.0
0.5
1.6
8.4
1.1
4.1

1.6

1.7

2.1

2.3

2.8

3.2

0.0
2002
- 1.4
- 0.1
- 0.2
0.2
- 0.2
- 1.3
- 0.3
- 1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0
2003
- 1.7
- 0.2
- 0.2
0.2
- 0.2
- 1.6
- 0.3
- 1.3

0.0

0.0

0.0
2004
- 1.9
- 0.3
- 0.2
0.2
- 0.2
- 1.7
- 0.4
- 1.1

- 0.2

0.0

0.0
2005
- 2.0
- 0.3
- 0.3
0.3
- 0.3
- 1.8
- 0.4
- 1.2

- 0.1

0.0

0.0
2006
- 3.0
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.3
- 0.5
- 2.6
- 0.6
- 1.7

- 0.4

0.0

0.0
2007
- 3.4
- 0.6
- 0.3
0.3
- 0.6
- 2.8
- 0.6
- 1.7

- 0.5

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

57

4 External trade by Member State

Ireland: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
United Kingdom
USA
Belgium
Germany
France
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Switzerland
China
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
United Kingdom
USA
Belgium
Germany
France
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Switzerland
China
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
United Kingdom
USA
Belgium
Germany
France
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Switzerland
China

2002
93.3
61.6
31.7
22.5
16.3
13.5
6.7
4.7
3.5
3.6
2.2
3.1
0.5
2002
55.4
37.1
18.3
23.2
8.8
1.0
3.8
2.1
2.1
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.8
2002
37.9
24.5
13.5
- 0.7
7.5
12.6
3.0
2.6
1.4
2.7
1.6
2.5
- 0.2

2003
82.0
51.2
30.9
14.9
16.9
10.3
6.8
5.0
4.2
3.7
2.4
2.7
0.6
2003
47.6
29.9
17.7
16.5
7.4
1.0
3.9
1.8
2.0
0.9
0.6
0.4
1.1
2003
34.4
21.3
13.1
- 1.7
9.4
9.4
2.9
3.2
2.2
2.8
1.8
2.2
- 0.5

2004
84.2
53.0
31.3
15.1
16.5
12.3
6.5
5.0
3.8
3.8
2.5
2.8
0.6
2004
49.7
32.7
17.0
18.0
6.8
1.2
4.4
2.1
2.2
1.0
0.6
0.5
1.3
2004
34.6
20.3
14.3
- 2.8
9.7
11.2
2.1
2.9
1.7
2.8
1.9
2.3
- 0.7

2005
88.1
56.2
31.9
15.4
16.3
13.5
6.5
5.7
4.1
3.7
3.0
3.3
0.9
2005
55.1
36.8
18.4
20.5
7.6
1.3
5.0
2.0
2.5
1.1
0.8
0.5
1.6
2005
33.0
19.5
13.6
- 5.1
8.7
12.3
1.4
3.7
1.6
2.6
2.2
2.7
- 0.6

2006
86.6
54.8
31.8
15.5
16.2
12.3
6.7
5.0
3.4
3.6
3.2
2.5
0.9
2006
58.2
39.9
18.4
21.8
6.7
1.4
5.6
2.1
2.7
1.4
0.9
0.6
1.8
2006
28.4
14.9
13.4
- 6.3
9.5
10.9
1.1
2.9
0.7
2.2
2.4
2.0
- 0.9

2007
88.7
56.3
32.4
16.6
15.8
12.8
6.5
5.2
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.2
1.3
2007
61.2
42.8
18.4
23.3
6.9
1.5
5.9
2.5
3.0
1.3
0.9
0.5
2.0
2007
27.5
13.5
14.0
- 6.7
8.9
11.3
0.6
2.6
0.5
1.8
2.3
2.8
- 0.7

58

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Ireland: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
93.3
8.2
6.8
1.1
0.4
81.3
39.1
32.1

2003
82.0
8.2
6.9
1.1
0.2
70.3
35.8
23.3

2004
84.2
8.7
7.1
1.2
0.4
71.9
37.5
22.7

2005
88.1
9.4
7.5
1.3
0.6
75.2
40.4
22.9

2006
86.6
10.7
8.4
1.7
0.6
73.0
39.8
22.8

2007
88.7
11.1
8.7
1.7
0.7
74.9
43.2
21.4

10.0

11.2

11.7

12.0

10.4

10.3

3.8
2002
55.4
6.7
3.9
0.9
1.9
45.5
7.0
28.1

3.5
2003
47.6
6.6
3.8
0.9
1.8
38.1
6.9
20.7

3.7
2004
49.7
7.6
3.9
1.0
2.7
38.8
7.1
20.9

3.5
2005
55.1
9.3
4.4
1.1
3.8
42.4
7.4
23.0

3.0
2006
58.2
10.4
4.9
1.2
4.3
44.3
7.9
23.5

2.7
2007
61.2
12.1
5.5
1.3
5.3
45.4
8.1
23.6

10.5

10.5

10.9

12.0

12.9

13.7

3.2
2002
37.9
1.5
2.9
0.2
- 1.5
35.8
32.1
4.1

- 0.4

0.6

3.0
2003
34.4
1.6
3.0
0.2
- 1.6
32.2
28.9
2.7

0.7

0.5

3.3
2004
34.6
1.1
3.2
0.2
- 2.3
33.1
30.4
1.8

0.8

0.4

3.5
2005
33.0
0.1
3.0
0.2
- 3.2
32.9
33.0
- 0.1

- 0.1

0.1

3.5
2006
28.4
0.3
3.5
0.5
- 3.7
28.6
31.8
- 0.8

- 2.5

- 0.5

3.7
2007
27.5
- 1.0
3.2
0.4
- 4.6
29.5
35.1
- 2.2

- 3.4

- 1.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

59

4 External trade by Member State

Greece: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
France
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
China
Spain
Belgium
Turkey
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
France
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
China
Spain
Belgium
Turkey
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
France
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
China
Spain
Belgium
Turkey

2002
11.0
6.7
4.3
1.1
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.4
2002
33.4
18.6
14.8
4.0
3.8
1.9
2.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.4
0.6
2002
- 22.4
- 11.9
- 10.5
- 2.9
- 2.9
- 1.5
- 2.2
- 1.6
- 0.7
- 1.0
- 1.0
- 1.3
- 0.3

2003
11.8
7.7
4.2
1.6
1.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.5
2003
39.7
23.1
16.6
5.0
5.0
2.7
2.4
2.1
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.4
0.8
2003
- 27.8
- 15.4
- 12.4
- 3.4
- 3.7
- 2.1
- 2.1
- 1.8
- 0.8
- 1.2
- 1.0
- 1.3
- 0.3

2004
12.3
7.9
4.4
1.6
1.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.6
2004
42.4
25.5
16.9
5.7
5.4
2.7
2.3
2.4
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.0
2004
- 30.1
- 17.6
- 12.5
- 4.0
- 4.2
- 2.2
- 2.0
- 2.0
- 0.8
- 1.4
- 1.2
- 1.4
- 0.4

2005
13.9
8.6
5.3
1.7
1.4
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.7
2005
43.8
25.5
18.3
5.6
5.4
2.5
3.4
2.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.0
2005
- 29.9
- 16.9
- 13.0
- 3.9
- 4.0
- 1.9
- 3.1
- 2.1
- 0.7
- 1.6
- 1.2
- 1.4
- 0.2

2006
16.5
10.6
6.0
1.9
1.9
0.7
0.3
0.4
1.0
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.8
2006
50.7
29.0
21.7
6.4
5.8
3.0
3.6
2.6
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.3
2006
- 34.1
- 18.5
- 15.7
- 4.5
- 3.9
- 2.3
- 3.3
- 2.2
- 0.9
- 1.7
- 1.1
- 1.6
- 0.5

2007
17.2
11.2
6.0
2.0
1.9
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.6
2007
55.6
32.2
23.5
7.1
6.5
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.0
2.8
2.0
2.1
1.7
2007
- 38.4
- 21.0
- 17.4
- 5.2
- 4.6
- 2.4
- 2.8
- 2.4
- 1.1
- 2.7
- 1.4
- 1.9
- 1.0

60

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Greece: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
11.0
4.0
2.3
0.8
0.9
6.8
1.1
1.4

2003
11.8
4.0
2.3
1.0
0.8
7.6
1.5
1.5

2004
12.3
4.0
2.3
0.9
0.9
8.1
1.6
1.7

2005
13.9
4.9
2.6
1.0
1.3
8.6
2.0
1.8

2006
16.5
6.4
2.8
1.4
2.2
9.7
2.2
2.1

2007
17.2
6.3
3.0
1.1
2.1
10.3
2.4
2.3

4.3

4.6

4.7

4.8

5.4

5.7

0.1
2002
33.4
9.6
4.1
1.1
4.5
23.7
3.7
11.1

0.2
2003
39.7
10.8
4.3
1.1
5.4
28.8
5.0
14.0

0.3
2004
42.4
11.1
4.5
1.2
5.4
31.3
5.7
14.6

0.4
2005
43.8
13.8
4.7
1.2
7.9
29.9
6.4
12.5

0.5
2006
50.7
16.2
5.1
1.4
9.7
34.3
6.9
14.4

0.6
2007
55.6
15.9
5.7
1.8
8.4
39.3
7.8
16.5

9.0

9.8

10.9

11.1

13.0

15.0

0.1
2002
- 22.4
- 5.6
- 1.7
- 0.3
- 3.6
- 16.9
- 2.6
- 9.6

- 4.7

0.1

0.0
2003
- 27.8
- 6.8
- 2.0
- 0.1
- 4.7
- 21.2
- 3.6
- 12.4

- 5.3

0.2

0.0
2004
- 30.1
- 7.2
- 2.3
- 0.4
- 4.5
- 23.2
- 4.1
- 13.0

- 6.2

0.3

0.1
2005
- 29.9
- 8.8
- 2.1
- 0.2
- 6.6
- 21.3
- 4.3
- 10.7

- 6.3

0.3

0.2
2006
- 34.1
- 9.8
- 2.3
0.0
- 7.5
- 24.6
- 4.8
- 12.3

- 7.6

0.3

0.4
2007
- 38.4
- 9.7
- 2.7
- 0.7
- 6.3
- 28.9
- 5.4
- 14.2

- 9.3

0.1

  External and intra-European Union trade

61

4 External trade by Member State

Spain: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Germany
Italy
United Kingdom
Portugal
Netherlands
China
USA
Belgium
Russia
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Germany
Italy
United Kingdom
Portugal
Netherlands
China
USA
Belgium
Russia
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
France
Germany
Italy
United Kingdom
Portugal
Netherlands
China
USA
Belgium
Russia

2002
132.9
99.4
33.5
25.3
15.3
12.6
12.9
13.6
4.3
0.8
5.7
3.5
0.8
2002
174.6
120.7
53.9
30.4
29.1
15.6
11.6
5.5
8.6
4.8
6.0
6.2
2.6
2002
- 41.7
- 21.4
- 20.3
- 5.0
- 13.8
- 3.1
1.3
8.1
- 4.3
- 4.0
- 0.3
- 2.7
- 1.9

2003
138.0
103.9
34.2
26.5
16.5
13.4
12.9
13.3
4.7
1.1
5.6
4.1
0.8
2003
184.4
127.9
56.6
31.0
30.9
16.8
12.2
6.0
9.1
5.7
5.5
6.7
2.8
2003
- 46.4
- 24.0
- 22.4
- 4.5
- 14.4
- 3.4
0.7
7.2
- 4.4
- 4.6
0.1
- 2.6
- 2.0

2004
146.8
109.2
37.7
28.5
17.1
13.3
13.3
14.3
4.9
1.2
5.8
4.4
0.9
2004
207.7
141.1
66.6
33.0
34.8
19.0
13.2
6.9
10.3
7.2
6.0
7.6
3.6
2004
- 60.9
- 32.0
- 28.9
- 4.5
- 17.7
- 5.7
0.0
7.4
- 5.4
- 6.0
- 0.2
- 3.2
- 2.7

2005
154.9
112.1
42.8
29.7
17.6
13.0
13.0
14.8
4.8
1.5
6.3
4.4
1.1
2005
232.1
149.0
83.2
34.2
35.4
19.9
13.5
7.6
11.5
9.8
6.1
8.6
5.1
2005
- 77.3
- 36.9
- 40.4
- 4.5
- 17.8
- 6.9
- 0.5
7.2
- 6.7
- 8.3
0.2
- 4.2
- 4.0

2006
170.2
121.1
49.1
31.9
18.6
14.5
13.6
15.2
5.6
1.7
7.5
5.0
1.5
2006
261.8
161.7
100.1
35.0
38.7
21.6
13.6
8.7
12.8
12.1
7.1
9.3
7.3
2006
- 91.6
- 40.6
- 51.0
- 3.1
- 20.1
- 7.1
0.0
6.5
- 7.2
- 10.4
0.4
- 4.3
- 5.8

2007
184.8
130.8
54.0
32.9
18.9
14.9
13.2
15.0
5.7
2.1
7.4
5.0
2.1
2007
284.1
179.0
105.1
34.5
42.7
22.8
12.9
8.9
12.5
15.8
8.4
9.4
7.7
2007
- 99.2
- 48.2
- 51.0
- 1.6
- 23.8
- 7.9
0.3
6.2
- 6.8
- 13.7
- 1.0
- 4.5
- 5.7

62

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Spain: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
132.9
27.0
18.4
4.6
3.9
104.6
14.4
53.7

2003
138.0
28.5
19.4
4.3
4.7
108.0
15.2
56.8

2004
146.8
30.3
19.4
4.8
6.0
114.7
16.0
60.9

2005
154.9
32.5
20.0
5.2
7.3
120.6
18.6
62.4

2006
170.2
35.6
21.1
5.7
8.8
132.6
20.4
67.6

2007
184.8
39.2
22.7
6.3
10.2
143.3
23.1
71.4

36.5

36.0

37.8

39.7

44.6

48.8

1.4
2002
174.6
42.7
16.5
7.3
18.9
130.4
22.0
66.5

1.6
2003
184.4
43.5
17.0
7.4
19.1
139.5
23.4
71.2

1.9
2004
207.7
49.9
18.2
8.3
23.3
156.2
24.9
81.7

1.7
2005
232.1
61.7
19.8
9.3
32.6
169.2
26.9
88.3

2.0
2006
261.8
73.1
20.3
11.7
41.1
187.3
29.0
96.2

2.3
2007
284.1
77.7
22.9
12.4
42.4
204.8
31.7
103.9

41.9

44.9

49.7

54.0

62.1

69.3

1.5
2002
- 41.7
- 15.7
1.9
- 2.7
- 15.0
- 25.8
- 7.6
- 12.8

- 5.5

- 0.1

1.5
2003
- 46.4
- 15.0
2.5
- 3.1
- 14.4
- 31.5
- 8.2
- 14.4

1.6
2004
- 60.9
- 19.6
1.2
- 3.5
- 17.3
- 41.5
- 8.9
- 20.8

1.2
2005
- 77.3
- 29.2
0.2
- 4.1
- 25.3
- 48.6
- 8.3
- 25.9

1.3
2006
- 91.6
- 37.5
0.7
- 5.9
- 32.3
- 54.8
- 8.6
- 28.7

1.5
2007
- 99.2
- 38.5
- 0.2
- 6.0
- 32.3
- 61.5
- 8.5
- 32.5

- 8.9

- 11.8

- 14.3

- 17.5

- 20.6

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.8

  External and intra-European Union trade

63

4 External trade by Member State

France: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
China
Switzerland
Russia
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
China
Switzerland
Russia
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
China
Switzerland
Russia

2002
350.8
228.4
122.4
52.7
24.1
31.5
31.6
34.6
13.5
27.5
3.7
11.2
2.4
2002
348.2
238.9
109.3
67.5
32.0
30.7
23.5
25.5
24.4
23.7
8.6
8.9
5.1
2002
2.6
- 10.5
13.1
- 14.8
- 7.9
0.8
8.1
9.1
- 10.9
3.8
- 4.9
2.2
- 2.7

2003
346.6
231.1
115.5
53.2
25.3
32.1
33.2
32.6
13.1
23.2
4.7
11.2
2.8
2003
352.6
247.6
104.9
69.1
33.4
32.1
26.0
24.5
24.6
18.6
9.6
8.5
6.0
2003
- 6.0
- 16.6
10.5
- 15.9
- 8.1
0.0
7.2
8.2
- 11.5
4.6
- 4.9
2.6
- 3.2

2004
363.5
239.8
123.7
54.7
26.2
32.6
34.4
34.1
13.9
24.4
5.4
10.7
3.3
2004
378.6
263.6
115.0
72.7
37.5
33.3
27.9
26.5
25.5
19.1
11.7
9.4
7.2
2004
- 15.1
- 23.8
8.7
- 18.1
- 11.2
- 0.7
6.5
7.6
- 11.6
5.3
- 6.3
1.3
- 4.0

2005
372.5
236.5
136.0
54.8
26.6
32.4
35.9
31.0
14.5
26.5
6.3
10.9
3.7
2005
405.2
273.7
131.5
76.6
43.4
33.6
28.3
23.9
26.6
20.5
14.5
10.2
8.0
2005
- 32.7
- 37.2
4.5
- 21.8
- 16.9
- 1.2
7.6
7.1
- 12.1
6.0
- 8.2
0.7
- 4.3

2006
394.9
258.7
136.2
61.4
28.6
35.1
38.0
32.8
15.9
26.0
8.1
10.3
4.7
2006
431.6
298.6
133.0
81.6
47.9
36.0
30.1
28.6
29.2
19.7
15.8
10.5
9.4
2006
- 36.7
- 40.0
3.3
- 20.2
- 19.3
- 0.9
7.8
4.1
- 13.4
6.3
- 7.8
- 0.1
- 4.7

2007
402.7
261.0
141.7
60.2
29.5
36.0
37.6
32.9
16.5
24.8
9.0
10.4
5.6
2007
452.0
311.1
140.9
85.1
51.0
37.7
32.1
25.3
31.2
19.6
18.0
10.9
10.4
2007
- 49.3
- 50.1
0.8
- 24.9
- 21.4
- 1.7
5.5
7.6
- 14.7
5.2
- 9.0
- 0.6
- 4.8

64

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

France: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
350.8
50.1
35.7
6.6
7.8
295.0
53.3
163.5

2003
346.6
51.7
36.4
6.8
8.4
289.8
53.6
158.8

2004
363.5
53.8
36.3
7.9
9.7
302.7
56.8
163.7

2005
372.5
59.5
37.0
8.1
14.4
307.0
60.4
161.2

2006
394.9
65.6
39.3
10.0
16.3
322.7
66.1
163.1

2007
402.7
68.0
42.4
10.5
15.2
325.8
69.7
157.0

78.1

77.4

82.2

85.4

93.4

99.0

5.8
2002
348.2
65.1
26.6
9.2
29.4
280.6
42.4
145.2

5.1
2003
352.6
67.6
27.2
9.3
31.1
282.5
44.1
144.2

6.9
2004
378.6
75.3
27.8
9.7
37.8
300.7
46.8
151.9

6.0
2005
405.2
90.7
28.7
10.2
51.9
311.7
51.2
153.5

6.7
2006
431.6
102.3
30.1
11.5
60.8
327.0
54.0
155.6

8.9
2007
452.0
105.6
32.7
12.4
60.4
342.8
59.6
156.1

93.0

94.2

101.9

107.0

117.4

127.1

2.4
2002
2.6
- 15.1
9.2
- 2.6
- 21.7
14.3
10.9
18.3

2.5
2003
- 6.0
- 15.9
9.2
- 2.5
- 22.7
7.3
9.5
14.6

2.6
2004
- 15.1
- 21.5
8.5
- 1.8
- 28.2
2.0
10.0
11.7

2.8
2005
- 32.7
- 31.2
8.3
- 2.1
- 37.5
- 4.6
9.3
7.7

2.3
2006
- 36.7
- 36.8
9.3
- 1.6
- 44.5
- 4.3
12.1
7.5

3.7
2007
- 49.3
- 37.6
9.6
- 1.9
- 45.3
- 17.0
10.1
1.0

- 14.9

- 16.8

- 19.7

- 21.5

- 23.9

- 28.0

3.3

2.6

4.4

3.2

4.4

5.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

65

4 External trade by Member State

Italy: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
France
Spain
USA
United Kingdom
Netherlands
China
Belgium
Switzerland
Russia
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
France
Spain
USA
United Kingdom
Netherlands
China
Belgium
Switzerland
Russia
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
France
Spain
USA
United Kingdom
Netherlands
China
Belgium
Switzerland
Russia

2002
269.1
163.9
105.2
37.3
33.1
17.4
25.8
18.8
7.0
4.0
8.3
9.4
3.8
2002
261.2
164.2
97.1
46.8
29.9
12.1
12.5
13.4
15.4
8.3
11.5
9.7
7.9
2002
7.8
- 0.3
8.1
- 9.6
3.2
5.3
13.3
5.4
- 8.5
- 4.3
- 3.2
- 0.4
- 4.1

2003
264.6
165.0
99.6
37.2
33.0
18.9
22.0
18.7
6.4
3.9
7.2
10.0
3.8
2003
263.0
166.5
96.5
47.5
30.0
12.7
10.3
12.7
15.4
9.6
11.3
9.1
8.2
2003
1.6
- 1.5
3.1
- 10.3
3.1
6.2
11.7
6.0
- 9.0
- 5.7
- 4.1
0.9
- 4.4

2004
284.4
176.0
108.5
38.8
35.2
20.7
22.4
20.2
6.7
4.4
7.1
11.8
5.0
2004
285.6
177.6
108.1
51.3
31.3
13.3
10.0
12.3
16.9
11.8
12.7
9.3
9.7
2004
- 1.2
- 1.6
0.4
- 12.6
4.0
7.4
12.4
7.9
- 10.2
- 7.4
- 5.6
2.4
- 4.8

2005
299.9
183.7
116.3
39.5
36.8
22.5
24.0
19.7
7.3
4.6
8.1
11.6
6.1
2005
309.3
183.9
125.5
53.6
30.8
13.2
10.7
12.5
17.5
14.1
13.8
9.3
11.7
2005
- 9.4
- 0.2
- 9.2
- 14.2
6.0
9.3
13.2
7.2
- 10.2
- 9.5
- 5.7
2.4
- 5.6

2006
332.0
203.1
128.9
43.9
39.1
24.5
24.5
20.2
8.0
5.7
9.6
12.6
7.6
2006
352.5
202.9
149.6
59.1
32.7
15.0
10.7
12.6
19.7
17.9
14.9
10.3
13.6
2006
- 20.5
0.2
- 20.7
- 15.2
6.4
9.5
13.8
7.5
- 11.7
- 12.2
- 5.3
2.3
- 6.0

2007
358.6
215.4
143.2
46.1
41.0
26.5
24.4
20.8
8.4
6.3
10.6
13.4
9.6
2007
368.1
209.7
158.4
62.3
33.2
15.6
11.1
12.2
20.2
21.8
15.9
11.1
14.4
2007
- 9.5
5.8
- 15.2
- 16.1
7.8
10.9
13.3
8.6
- 11.7
- 15.5
- 5.3
2.3
- 4.8

66

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Italy: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
269.1
25.6
17.0
3.8
4.8
239.0
27.9
100.6

2003
264.6
26.3
16.8
3.7
5.8
231.2
27.1
98.2

2004
284.4
28.7
17.6
4.3
6.8
252.3
29.0
108.1

2005
299.9
33.7
18.5
4.6
10.6
262.7
32.2
112.1

2006
332.0
37.6
19.9
5.5
12.2
290.6
35.0
123.8

2007
358.6
41.2
21.5
5.5
14.2
313.2
36.8
137.2

110.5

105.9

115.2

118.4

131.8

139.2

4.5
2002
261.2
59.3
21.5
14.5
23.2
187.3
33.7
86.9

7.1
2003
263.0
59.9
22.4
13.9
23.6
185.8
34.4
85.0

3.4
2004
285.6
66.6
23.9
15.6
27.1
206.3
38.1
92.3

3.6
2005
309.3
89.9
24.7
16.1
49.1
215.7
40.8
94.1

3.9
2006
352.5
106.6
26.6
18.5
61.6
242.0
45.0
100.2

4.3
2007
368.1
106.5
27.6
18.4
60.5
257.2
47.2
105.8

66.7

66.4

75.9

80.8

96.8

104.2

14.7
2002
7.8
- 33.7
- 4.6
- 10.7
- 18.4
51.7
- 5.9
13.7

17.4
2003
1.6
- 33.6
- 5.6
- 10.2
- 17.8
45.4
- 7.2
13.1

43.8

39.5

- 10.2

- 10.3

12.7
2004
- 1.2
- 37.9
- 6.3
- 11.3
- 20.3
46.1
- 9.0
15.8

39.3

- 9.4

3.7
2005
- 9.4
- 56.2
- 6.3
- 11.5
- 38.5
47.0
- 8.6
18.0

37.6

- 0.1

3.8
2006
- 20.5
- 69.1
- 6.7
- 13.0
- 49.4
48.6
- 10.0
23.6

35.0

0.1

4.4
2007
- 9.5
- 65.3
- 6.1
- 12.9
- 46.3
56.0
- 10.4
31.3

35.0

- 0.1

  External and intra-European Union trade

67

4 External trade by Member State

Cyprus: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Greece
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Israel
France
China
Netherlands
Spain
Japan
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Greece
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Israel
France
China
Netherlands
Spain
Japan
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Greece
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Israel
France
China
Netherlands
Spain
Japan

2002
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
3.9
2.2
1.7
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
2002
- 3.5
- 2.0
- 1.5
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.1
- 0.2

2003
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
3.6
2.2
1.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
2003
- 3.2
- 1.9
- 1.3
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.1
- 0.2

2004
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
4.4
3.1
1.4
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2004
- 3.7
- 2.6
- 1.1
- 0.6
- 0.2
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.1

2005
1.2
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
5.1
3.5
1.6
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
2005
- 3.9
- 2.7
- 1.3
- 0.7
- 0.3
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.4
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1

2006
1.1
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
5.5
3.8
1.7
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
2006
- 4.5
- 3.0
- 1.4
- 0.8
- 0.3
- 0.6
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1

2007
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
6.3
4.3
2.0
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
2007
- 5.3
- 3.6
- 1.7
- 0.9
- 0.5
- 0.6
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.1

68

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Cyprus: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.1

2003
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.1

2004
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.3

2005
1.2
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.1
0.5

2006
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.3

2007
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.0
2002
3.9
0.9
0.4
0.1
0.4
3.0
0.4
1.1

0.0
2003
3.6
0.8
0.4
0.1
0.3
2.8
0.4
1.0

0.0
2004
4.4
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.5
3.3
0.4
1.4

0.0
2005
5.1
1.5
0.6
0.1
0.8
3.6
0.5
1.6

0.0
2006
5.5
1.7
0.6
0.1
1.0
3.8
0.5
1.6

0.0
2007
6.3
2.0
0.8
0.1
1.1
4.3
0.6
1.8

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.9

0.0
2002
- 3.5
- 0.7
- 0.3
0.0
- 0.4
- 2.7
- 0.3
- 1.0

- 1.4

0.0

0.0
2003
- 3.2
- 0.6
- 0.3
- 0.1
- 0.3
- 2.5
- 0.3
- 0.9

- 1.3

0.0

0.0
2004
- 3.7
- 0.8
- 0.3
- 0.1
- 0.5
- 2.8
- 0.3
- 1.2

- 1.3

0.0

0.0
2005
- 3.9
- 1.1
- 0.4
- 0.1
- 0.6
- 2.8
- 0.3
- 1.1

- 1.4

0.0

0.0
2006
- 4.5
- 1.3
- 0.5
0.0
- 0.8
- 3.2
- 0.4
- 1.2

- 1.6

0.0

0.0
2007
- 5.3
- 1.5
- 0.6
- 0.1
- 0.9
- 3.8
- 0.4
- 1.6

- 1.8

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

69

4 External trade by Member State

Latvia: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Lithuania
Germany
Russia
Estonia
Sweden
Poland
Finland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belarus
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Lithuania
Germany
Russia
Estonia
Sweden
Poland
Finland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belarus
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Lithuania
Germany
Russia
Estonia
Sweden
Poland
Finland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belarus

2002
2.4
1.9
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
2002
4.3
3.3
1.0
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
2002
- 1.9
- 1.4
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.3
0.0
- 0.1

2003
2.6
2.0
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
2003
4.6
3.5
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
2003
- 2.1
- 1.5
- 0.6
- 0.2
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.3
0.0
- 0.1

2004
3.2
2.5
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
2004
5.7
4.3
1.4
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
2004
- 2.5
- 1.8
- 0.7
- 0.4
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.3
0.0
- 0.2

2005
4.2
3.2
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
2005
7.0
5.3
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.4
2005
- 2.8
- 2.1
- 0.8
- 0.5
- 0.6
- 0.3
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.3
0.0
- 0.3

2006
4.9
3.6
1.4
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
2006
9.2
7.0
2.2
1.2
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
2006
- 4.3
- 3.5
- 0.8
- 0.5
- 0.9
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.5
- 0.4
0.2
0.0
- 0.3

2007
6.1
4.4
1.7
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
2007
11.2
8.7
2.5
1.5
1.7
1.0
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.4
2007
- 5.1
- 4.3
- 0.9
- 0.6
- 1.2
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.1
- 0.6
- 0.4
0.2
- 0.1
- 0.2

70

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Latvia: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
2.4
0.9
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.2

2003
2.6
1.0
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.6
0.2
0.2

2004
3.2
1.2
0.3
0.8
0.2
1.9
0.2
0.3

2005
4.2
1.7
0.5
0.9
0.4
2.4
0.3
0.5

2006
4.9
1.8
0.6
0.9
0.3
3.1
0.4
0.8

2007
6.1
2.2
0.8
1.1
0.2
3.9
0.5
1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.9

2.2

0.0
2002
4.3
1.1
0.5
0.2
0.4
3.2
0.5
1.3

0.0
2003
4.6
1.2
0.5
0.2
0.4
3.5
0.6
1.4

0.1
2004
5.7
1.5
0.6
0.3
0.7
4.0
0.7
1.7

0.0
2005
7.0
2.1
0.7
0.3
1.0
4.9
0.8
2.1

0.0
2006
9.2
2.5
0.9
0.4
1.2
6.7
1.0
3.0

0.0
2007
11.2
2.9
1.1
0.5
1.2
8.3
1.1
3.9

1.3

1.5

1.7

2.0

2.7

3.3

0.0
2002
- 1.9
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.5
- 0.4
- 1.7
- 0.4
- 1.1

- 0.2

0.0

0.0
2003
- 2.1
- 0.2
- 0.3
0.5
- 0.4
- 1.9
- 0.4
- 1.2

- 0.3

0.0

0.1
2004
- 2.5
- 0.3
- 0.3
0.5
- 0.5
- 2.1
- 0.5
- 1.3

- 0.3

0.0

0.0
2005
- 2.8
- 0.4
- 0.3
0.6
- 0.7
- 2.5
- 0.5
- 1.6

- 0.4

0.0

0.0
2006
- 4.3
- 0.7
- 0.3
0.6
- 0.9
- 3.6
- 0.6
- 2.2

- 0.8

0.0

0.0
2007
- 5.1
- 0.7
- 0.4
0.6
- 1.0
- 4.4
- 0.6
- 2.7

- 1.1

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

71

4 External trade by Member State

Lithuania: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Russia
Germany
Poland
Latvia
Estonia
Sweden
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
Denmark
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Russia
Germany
Poland
Latvia
Estonia
Sweden
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
Denmark
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Russia
Germany
Poland
Latvia
Estonia
Sweden
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
Denmark

2002
5.5
3.8
1.7
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.3
2002
8.0
4.5
3.4
1.7
1.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
2002
- 2.4
- 0.7
- 1.7
- 1.1
- 0.8
- 0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
- 0.1
0.5
0.1

2003
6.2
3.9
2.3
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
2003
8.5
4.8
3.8
1.9
1.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
2003
- 2.4
- 0.9
- 1.5
- 1.4
- 0.7
- 0.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1

2004
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
2004
10.0
6.3
3.6
2.3
1.7
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
2004
- 2.5
- 1.3
- 1.2
- 1.6
- 0.9
- 0.4
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0

2005
9.5
6.2
3.3
1.0
0.9
0.5
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.4
2005
12.5
7.4
5.1
3.5
1.9
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
2005
- 3.0
- 1.2
- 1.8
- 2.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
0.5
0.2
0.0
- 0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0

2006
11.3
7.2
4.1
1.4
1.0
0.7
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2006
15.4
9.7
5.8
3.8
2.3
1.5
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
2006
- 4.2
- 2.5
- 1.7
- 2.3
- 1.3
- 0.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0

2007
12.5
8.1
4.4
1.9
1.3
0.8
1.6
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
2007
17.8
12.2
5.6
3.2
2.7
1.9
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
2007
- 5.3
- 4.1
- 1.2
- 1.3
- 1.4
- 1.1
0.6
0.1
- 0.2
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.1
0.0

72

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Lithuania: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
5.5
2.0
0.5
0.4
1.1
3.5
0.4
1.4

2003
6.2
2.3
0.6
0.4
1.3
3.9
0.5
1.6

2004
7.5
3.1
0.8
0.5
1.9
4.3
0.6
1.6

2005
9.5
4.2
1.1
0.5
2.6
5.3
0.8
2.0

2006
11.3
4.7
1.5
0.6
2.7
6.5
1.0
2.5

2007
12.5
4.4
2.0
0.7
1.7
8.1
1.7
2.9

1.7

1.8

2.1

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0
2002
8.0
2.3
0.6
0.4
1.4
5.5
0.9
2.7

0.0
2003
8.5
2.4
0.6
0.4
1.5
5.9
1.0
2.8

0.0
2004
10.0
3.0
0.7
0.4
1.9
6.8
1.2
3.2

0.0
2005
12.5
4.5
1.0
0.5
3.1
8.0
1.4
3.7

0.0
2006
15.4
5.3
1.3
0.6
3.5
10.1
1.8
4.8

0.0
2007
17.8
5.1
1.6
0.7
2.9
12.7
2.3
6.1

1.9

2.1

2.5

2.9

3.5

4.3

0.2
2002
- 2.4
- 0.3
0.0
0.0
- 0.3
- 2.0
- 0.5
- 1.3

- 0.2

- 0.1

0.2
2003
- 2.4
- 0.2
0.0
0.0
- 0.2
- 2.0
- 0.5
- 1.2

- 0.2

- 0.2

0.1
2004
- 2.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
- 2.5
- 0.6
- 1.6

- 0.4

- 0.1

0.0
2005
- 3.0
- 0.3
0.2
0.0
- 0.5
- 2.7
- 0.6
- 1.7

- 0.4

0.0

0.0
2006
- 4.2
- 0.6
0.2
0.0
- 0.8
- 3.6
- 0.8
- 2.3

- 0.5

0.0

0.0
2007
- 5.3
- 0.7
0.4
0.1
- 1.2
- 4.6
- 0.6
- 3.2

- 0.8

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

73

4 External trade by Member State

Luxembourg: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
France
China
Netherlands
Italy
United Kingdom
USA
Spain
Sweden
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
France
China
Netherlands
Italy
United Kingdom
USA
Spain
Sweden
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
France
China
Netherlands
Italy
United Kingdom
USA
Spain
Sweden

2002
10.8
9.5
1.3
2.6
1.1
2.2
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.2
2002
13.4
11.1
2.2
3.2
4.1
1.8
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
2002
- 2.6
- 1.6
- 1.0
- 0.6
- 3.0
0.3
0.0
- 0.2
0.4
0.5
- 0.2
0.3
0.1

2003
11.8
10.5
1.3
2.7
1.2
2.2
0.1
0.5
0.8
1.1
0.2
0.5
0.3
2003
14.3
11.1
3.2
3.3
4.2
1.6
1.5
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
2003
- 2.5
- 0.6
- 2.0
- 0.6
- 3.0
0.6
- 1.4
- 0.2
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.2

2004
13.1
11.8
1.3
2.9
1.3
2.6
0.1
0.6
1.0
1.1
0.3
0.8
0.3
2004
16.1
12.2
3.9
3.6
4.8
1.9
2.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
2004
- 3.1
- 0.5
- 2.6
- 0.7
- 3.5
0.6
- 1.9
- 0.1
0.6
0.9
- 0.2
0.7
0.2

2005
15.1
13.6
1.5
3.1
1.4
2.6
0.1
0.6
1.1
1.2
0.3
1.1
0.4
2005
17.6
12.8
4.8
3.8
5.0
1.7
2.2
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
2005
- 2.5
0.8
- 3.2
- 0.7
- 3.6
0.9
- 2.1
- 0.3
0.7
0.9
- 0.2
1.0
0.3

2006
18.2
16.3
1.9
3.5
1.6
2.8
0.2
0.8
1.7
1.7
0.4
1.0
0.5
2006
21.2
14.9
6.2
4.3
5.6
1.8
3.5
0.9
0.4
1.2
0.6
0.1
0.1
2006
- 2.9
1.4
- 4.3
- 0.8
- 4.0
1.0
- 3.3
- 0.1
1.3
0.5
- 0.2
0.8
0.4

2007
16.4
14.5
1.9
3.5
1.6
2.7
0.2
0.9
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.8
0.5
2007
20.0
14.7
5.3
4.8
5.5
1.8
3.4
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.1
2007
- 3.7
- 0.2
- 3.5
- 1.3
- 3.8
0.8
- 3.2
- 0.1
0.8
0.8
- 0.4
0.7
0.4

74

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Luxembourg: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
10.8
0.9
0.7
0.2
0.1
9.8
0.6
4.2

2003
11.8
0.9
0.7
0.2
0.0
10.8
0.7
5.2

2004
13.1
0.9
0.6
0.2
0.1
12.0
0.8
5.5

2005
15.1
1.0
0.7
0.2
0.1
14.0
0.7
7.4

2006
18.2
1.0
0.7
0.2
0.1
17.0
0.8
9.6

2007
16.4
1.1
0.7
0.3
0.1
15.1
0.9
7.3

5.0

4.9

5.8

5.9

6.7

6.8

0.1
2002
13.4
2.6
1.3
0.6
0.7
10.5
1.2
5.5

0.1
2003
14.3
2.8
1.4
0.7
0.7
11.2
1.2
6.1

0.1
2004
16.1
3.4
1.4
1.0
1.0
12.4
1.3
6.6

0.2
2005
17.6
4.1
1.5
0.9
1.8
13.5
1.4
7.9

0.2
2006
21.2
4.8
1.5
1.3
2.1
16.3
1.5
10.2

0.2
2007
20.0
4.9
1.5
1.3
2.1
15.1
1.7
8.7

3.7

3.9

4.4

4.2

4.6

4.7

0.4
2002
- 2.6
- 1.7
- 0.6
- 0.4
- 0.6
- 0.6
- 0.6
- 1.3

1.2

- 0.3

0.3
2003
- 2.5
- 1.9
- 0.7
- 0.5
- 0.7
- 0.4
- 0.6
- 0.9

1.0

- 0.2

0.4
2004
- 3.1
- 2.5
- 0.8
- 0.8
- 0.9
- 0.3
- 0.6
- 1.1

1.4

- 0.2

0.0
2005
- 2.5
- 3.2
- 0.8
- 0.7
- 1.7
0.5
- 0.7
- 0.5

1.7

0.2

0.0
2006
- 2.9
- 3.8
- 0.8
- 1.0
- 2.0
0.7
- 0.8
- 0.6

2.1

0.2

0.0
2007
- 3.7
- 3.8
- 0.8

- 2.0
0.0
- 0.8
- 1.4

2.1

0.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

75

4 External trade by Member State

Hungary: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Austria
Italy
Russia
France
China
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Netherlands
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Austria
Italy
Russia
France
China
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Netherlands
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Austria
Italy
Russia
France
China
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Netherlands

2002
36.5
30.8
5.7
13.0
2.6
2.1
0.5
2.1
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.5
1.6
2002
39.9
25.9
14.0
9.7
2.8
3.0
2.4
1.9
2.2
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.8
2002
- 3.4
4.9
- 8.3
3.3
- 0.2
- 0.9
- 1.9
0.1
- 2.0
- 0.2
- 0.2
- 0.2
0.7

2003
38.1
32.1
6.0
12.9
3.1
2.2
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
1.6
2003
42.3
27.3
15.0
10.4
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.0
2.9
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.9
2003
- 4.2
4.8
- 9.0
2.6
0.4
- 0.8
- 2.1
0.2
- 2.8
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.7

2004
44.7
37.1
7.6
14.1
3.2
2.4
0.7
2.5
0.3
1.3
1.1
0.9
1.6
2004
48.7
33.3
15.3
13.2
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.3
3.7
1.6
1.4
1.0
1.9
2004
- 4.0
3.8
- 7.8
0.9
0.1
- 0.4
- 2.1
0.2
- 3.3
- 0.3
- 0.3
- 0.1
- 0.3

2005
50.6
40.9
9.7
15.2
2.8
2.9
0.9
2.7
0.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.9
2005
53.5
37.4
16.1
14.7
3.5
2.6
4.0
2.6
3.8
2.0
1.5
1.2
2.3
2005
- 2.9
3.5
- 6.4
0.5
- 0.7
0.3
- 3.0
0.0
- 3.5
- 0.4
0.0
0.2
- 0.4

2006
59.9
47.5
12.5
17.5
3.0
3.3
1.6
3.0
0.6
2.4
2.0
2.3
1.8
2006
62.3
43.8
18.6
16.8
3.9
2.8
5.1
2.9
4.3
2.6
1.9
1.7
2.7
2006
- 2.4
3.7
- 6.1
0.7
- 0.9
0.5
- 3.5
0.0
- 3.7
- 0.2
0.1
0.6
- 0.9

2007
69.6
55.0
14.7
19.6
3.2
3.9
2.2
3.3
0.8
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.0
2007
69.7
48.5
21.3
18.6
4.2
3.1
4.8
3.0
5.4
2.7
2.5
2.1
3.0
2007
- 0.1
6.5
- 6.6
1.0
- 1.1
0.8
- 2.6
0.3
- 4.6
0.2
0.2
0.8
- 1.0

76

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Hungary: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
36.5
3.8
2.5
0.7
0.6
32.3
2.4
21.4

2003
38.1
3.9
2.5
0.8
0.6
33.8
2.6
23.2

2004
44.7
4.5
2.7
1.0
0.8
40.1
3.3
27.9

2005
50.6
4.6
2.8
0.9
0.9
42.3
3.7
29.7

2006
59.9
5.2
3.2
1.0
1.1
53.2
4.9
37.3

2007
69.6
7.4
4.2
1.3
2.0
60.9
5.6
43.1

8.5

8.0

8.8

8.9

11.0

12.2

0.4
2002
39.9
4.3
1.2
0.8
2.3
34.8
3.7
20.8

0.4
2003
42.3
4.5
1.3
0.8
2.4
36.6
4.1
21.7

0.1
2004
48.7
5.3
1.8
0.9
2.6
42.3
4.6
25.8

3.7
2005
53.5
6.7
2.1
1.0
3.6
44.0
5.0
27.1

1.5
2006
62.3
10.3
2.4
1.1
6.8
51.3
5.9
32.0

1.3
2007
69.7
10.7
2.8
1.2
6.6
58.4
6.4
36.6

10.3

10.8

11.8

11.9

13.4

15.4

0.9
2002
- 3.4
- 0.5
1.3
- 0.1
- 1.7
- 2.5
- 1.3
0.6

- 1.8

- 0.4

1.2
2003
- 4.2
- 0.6
1.2
- 0.1
- 1.7
- 2.8
- 1.4
1.5

- 2.8

- 0.8

1.1
2004
- 4.0
- 0.8
0.9
0.1
- 1.7
- 2.2
- 1.3
2.1

- 3.0

- 1.0

2.8
2005
- 2.9
- 2.0
0.7
0.0
- 2.7
- 1.7
- 1.3
2.6

- 3.0

0.8

0.7
2006
- 2.4
- 5.0
0.8
- 0.1
- 5.7
1.9
- 1.0
5.3

- 2.4

0.8

0.7
2007
- 0.1
- 3.2
1.4
0.0
- 4.7
2.5
- 0.9
6.6

- 3.2

0.7

  External and intra-European Union trade

77

4 External trade by Member State

Malta: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Italy
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Singapore
USA
Japan
Hong Kong
China
Spain
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Italy
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Singapore
USA
Japan
Hong Kong
China
Spain
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Italy
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Singapore
USA
Japan
Hong Kong
China
Spain

2002
2.1
1.0
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
2.8
1.9
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2002
- 0.7
- 0.9
0.2
- 0.5
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.1

2003
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2003
2.9
1.9
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2003
- 0.9
- 1.0
0.1
- 0.5
0.0
0.0
- 0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.1

2004
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2004
2.9
2.1
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2004
- 0.9
- 1.1
0.2
- 0.7
- 0.1
0.0
- 0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.1

2005
1.9
1.0
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2005
3.0
2.2
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2005
- 1.0
- 1.2
0.2
- 0.9
- 0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
- 0.1

2006
2.1
1.1
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
2006
3.2
2.2
1.0
0.9
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2006
- 1.0
- 1.1
0.0
- 0.8
- 0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.1

2007
2.1
1.1
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2007
3.2
2.3
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
2007
- 1.1
- 1.3
0.2
- 0.7
- 0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
- 0.1
- 0.1

78

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Malta: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
2.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.4

2003
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
1.3

2004
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.1
1.3

2005
1.9
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.1
1.2

2006
2.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.1
1.4

2007
2.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.2
1.4

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.0
2002
2.8
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.1
2.3
0.2
1.4

0.0
2003
2.9
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.2
2.3
0.2
1.4

0.0
2004
2.9
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.2
2.4
0.3
1.4

0.0
2005
3.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.2
2.3
0.3
1.3

0.0
2006
3.2
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.3
2.5
0.3
1.5

0.0
2007
3.2
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.3
2.4
0.3
1.3

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.0
2002
- 0.7
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.3
- 0.2
0.0

- 0.1

0.0

0.0
2003
- 0.9
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.1

- 0.1

0.0

0.0
2004
- 0.9
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.1

- 0.2

0.0

0.0
2005
- 1.0
- 0.5
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.2

- 0.2

0.0

0.0
2006
- 1.0
- 0.5
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.3
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.1

- 0.3

0.0

0.0
2007
- 1.1
- 0.6
- 0.3
0.0
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.1
0.0

- 0.3

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

79

4 External trade by Member State

Netherlands: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
USA
China
Italy
Russia
Spain
Japan
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
USA
China
Italy
Russia
Spain
Japan
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
USA
China
Italy
Russia
Spain
Japan

2002
258.1
207.5
50.6
64.4
32.2
27.9
26.7
11.7
1.6
15.7
2.6
9.4
2.4
2002
231.9
128.0
103.9
40.9
22.8
18.6
12.4
21.0
12.0
6.4
4.3
4.7
9.4
2002
26.2
79.6
- 53.3
23.5
9.5
9.3
14.3
- 9.2
- 10.4
9.3
- 1.7
4.7
- 7.0

2003
261.7
210.4
51.3
66.0
32.6
26.6
26.8
11.7
1.7
15.9
2.9
10.0
2.2
2003
234.0
128.4
105.6
42.2
23.7
17.3
11.8
18.6
14.7
6.0
5.5
4.8
8.8
2003
27.7
81.9
- 54.3
23.8
8.9
9.2
15.1
- 7.0
- 13.1
9.9
- 2.6
5.2
- 6.5

2004
287.3
229.5
57.8
72.1
34.6
29.1
28.3
12.2
2.3
17.3
3.4
11.4
2.2
2004
257.0
136.6
120.4
46.1
25.0
16.3
12.8
20.3
19.0
6.1
7.3
5.3
9.4
2004
30.4
92.9
- 62.6
26.1
9.6
12.8
15.5
- 8.2
- 16.7
11.2
- 3.9
6.1
- 7.2

2005
326.6
260.7
66.0
81.3
42.5
29.9
30.6
13.9
2.6
18.6
4.6
13.3
2.3
2005
292.4
144.6
147.9
48.6
27.2
17.1
13.6
22.2
25.8
6.7
13.0
5.2
9.4
2005
34.2
116.1
- 81.9
32.8
15.3
12.8
17.0
- 8.3
- 23.2
11.8
- 8.5
8.0
- 7.1

2006
369.3
292.3
77.0
94.0
51.5
33.0
31.6
16.5
3.3
18.9
5.5
13.3
2.3
2006
332.0
165.3
166.7
56.7
31.3
19.6
15.1
25.9
31.0
7.3
17.1
5.8
10.1
2006
37.3
127.0
- 89.8
37.3
20.2
13.4
16.6
- 9.4
- 27.6
11.5
- 11.6
7.6
- 7.8

2007
401.9
313.8
88.1
98.2
54.5
36.8
34.0
17.5
3.7
20.3
6.9
14.5
2.6
2007
359.4
180.2
179.3
63.7
33.4
20.7
15.7
26.3
37.7
7.8
18.3
6.4
11.1
2007
42.4
133.6
- 91.2
34.5
21.1
16.0
18.3
- 8.8
- 34.0
12.5
- 11.3
8.2
- 8.5

80

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Netherlands: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
258.1
74.6
37.3
14.8
22.5
176.7
38.1
84.0

2003
261.7
75.2
37.2
14.9
23.0
180.2
39.0
86.2

2004
287.3
75.2
38.5
17.5
19.2
201.6
45.3
96.0

2005
326.6
97.8
40.2
18.8
38.8
225.2
49.9
108.7

2006
369.3
115.2
42.6
21.3
51.4
250.4
55.7
115.2

2007
401.9
123.5
46.8
23.6
53.1
275.0
62.3
131.7

54.6

55.0

60.3

66.6

79.4

80.9

6.8
2002
231.9
57.8
22.3
11.2
24.3
173.1
28.1
86.9

6.3
2003
234.0
59.6
22.9
11.3
25.4
173.7
27.7
88.3

10.5
2004
257.0
65.4
23.5
13.0
28.9
188.2
31.1
97.2

3.6
2005
292.4
83.8
24.2
14.5
45.2
207.8
35.2
106.1

3.7
2006
332.0
99.7
26.0
15.9
57.8
230.5
38.9
112.4

3.4
2007
359.4
107.7
28.9
18.3
60.5
250.4
44.5
119.6

58.2

57.7

59.9

66.6

79.3

86.4

1.0
2002
26.2
16.8
15.0
3.7
- 1.8
3.6
10.0
- 2.9

- 3.5

5.8

0.7
2003
27.7
15.6
14.3
3.7
- 2.4
6.5
11.3
- 2.1

- 2.7

5.6

3.4
2004
30.4
9.8
15.0
4.6
- 9.8
13.4
14.1
- 1.2

0.4

7.1

0.9
2005
34.2
14.0
16.0
4.3
- 6.4
17.5
14.8
2.7

0.0

2.7

1.8
2006
37.3
15.6
16.6
5.4
- 6.4
19.8
16.9
2.9

0.1

1.9

1.4
2007
42.4
15.8
17.8
5.3
- 7.3
24.6
17.9
12.2

- 5.4

2.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

81

4 External trade by Member State

Austria: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Switzerland
USA
France
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Poland
Imports
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Switzerland
USA
France
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Poland
Balance
Total
Intra-EU27
Extra-EU27
Germany
Italy
Switzerland
USA
France
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Poland

2002
83.2
62.3
20.9
26.2
7.7
4.2
4.1
3.9
2.3
2.1
3.6
4.1
1.3
2002
82.8
66.9
15.9
35.4
5.6
3.7
2.9
3.0
2.3
3.7
4.2
2.0
0.9
2002
0.4
- 4.6
5.0
- 9.2
2.1
0.5
1.2
0.9
0.0
- 1.6
- 0.6
2.1
0.4

2003
85.9
64.7
21.2
27.1
8.3
4.2
4.2
4.0
2.5
2.0
3.4
4.1
1.4
2003
88.0
72.0
16.0
38.1
5.9
4.2
2.0
3.3
2.7
3.7
4.7
1.9
0.9
2003
- 2.1
- 7.3
5.2
- 11.0
2.4
- 0.1
2.2
0.7
- 0.3
- 1.8
- 1.3
2.2
0.5

2004
95.2
70.0
25.2
30.4
8.4
4.2
5.7
4.0
2.8
1.8
3.5
4.0
1.7
2004
96.4
79.8
16.6
44.7
6.6
3.9
1.9
3.7
2.9
3.7
3.7
1.8
1.0
2004
- 1.2
- 9.8
8.5
- 14.2
1.9
0.3
3.8
0.3
- 0.2
- 1.9
- 0.3
2.3
0.7

2005
100.6
72.3
28.3
31.2
8.7
4.8
5.9
4.2
3.0
1.8
3.4
4.0
1.9
2005
102.3
82.4
20.0
46.9
6.8
4.3
2.3
3.8
3.1
3.8
3.0
2.3
1.3
2005
- 1.7
- 10.1
8.4
- 15.7
1.9
0.5
3.6
0.3
- 0.2
- 2.0
0.4
1.7
0.7

2006
108.9
78.4
30.5
32.7
9.8
4.6
6.3
4.1
3.4
2.0
3.7
4.1
2.5
2006
109.3
87.1
22.2
49.7
7.6
4.6
2.4
3.5
3.3
4.5
2.7
2.2
1.4
2006
- 0.4
- 8.6
8.3
- 16.9
2.2
0.1
3.9
0.6
0.1
- 2.5
1.0
2.0
1.1

2007
119.4
86.7
32.7
35.6
10.5
4.7
5.9
4.3
4.2
2.1
4.4
4.3
3.2
2007
119.0
94.4
24.6
54.1
8.4
5.3
2.7
3.7
3.7
5.1
2.9
2.2
1.6
2007
0.4
- 7.7
8.1
- 18.5
2.1
- 0.6
3.2
0.6
0.6
- 3.0
1.4
2.0
1.6

82

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Austria: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
83.2
8.9
4.3
2.7
1.9
73.7
8.2
36.6

2003
85.9
9.7
4.9
2.8
2.0
75.6
8.2
37.5

2004
95.2
11.4
5.4
3.0
2.9
83.3
8.4
43.1

2005
100.6
13.5
6.1
3.0
4.4
86.6
9.5
42.4

2006
108.9
12.8
6.9
3.4
2.5
95.6
11.3
45.6

2007
119.4
14.6
7.5
4.0
3.2
103.0
12.3
49.4

29.0

29.9

31.9

34.7

38.7

41.3

0.6
2002
82.8
13.7
4.8
3.2
5.7
68.7
8.9
33.5

0.5
2003
88.0
14.7
5.1
3.2
6.5
72.8
9.3
36.3

0.5
2004
96.4
17.2
5.6
3.6
8.1
78.9
9.6
39.8

0.5
2005
102.3
21.8
5.9
4.1
11.8
80.1
10.8
38.5

0.5
2006
109.3
23.0
6.5
4.8
11.8
85.9
12.1
39.5

1.8
2007
119.0
23.6
7.3
5.1
11.2
94.1
13.0
43.6

26.2

27.2

29.5

30.8

34.3

37.4

0.4
2002
0.4
- 4.9
- 0.5
- 0.5
- 3.9
5.1
- 0.8
3.1

2.8

0.2

0.5
2003
- 2.1
- 5.0
- 0.2
- 0.4
- 4.4
2.9
- 1.1
1.2

2.7

0.0

0.3
2004
- 1.2
- 5.9
- 0.2
- 0.5
- 5.2
4.5
- 1.2
3.3

2.4

0.2

0.4
2005
- 1.7
- 8.3
0.1
- 1.1
- 7.4
6.5
- 1.3
3.9

3.9

0.1

0.3
2006
- 0.4
- 10.3
0.4
- 1.4
- 9.3
9.7
- 0.9
6.1

4.5

0.2

1.2
2007
0.4
- 9.0
0.2
- 1.2
- 8.0
8.9
- 0.7
5.7

3.8

0.6

  External and intra-European Union trade

83

4 External trade by Member State

Poland: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Russia
Italy
France
Netherlands
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
Belgium
Sweden
China
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Russia
Italy
France
Netherlands
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
Belgium
Sweden
China
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Russia
Italy
France
Netherlands
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
Belgium
Sweden
China

2002
43.5
35.3
8.2
14.1
1.4
2.4
2.6
1.9
1.7
2.3
1.4
1.4
0.2
2002
58.5
40.8
17.7
14.2
4.7
4.9
4.1
2.1
1.9
2.3
1.6
1.5
2.2
2002
- 15.0
- 5.5
- 9.5
- 0.1
- 3.3
- 2.5
- 1.4
- 0.1
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 2.0

2003
47.5
38.9
8.6
15.4
1.3
2.7
2.9
2.1
1.9
2.4
1.5
1.7
0.2
2003
60.4
42.0
18.3
14.7
4.6
5.1
4.3
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.6
1.6
2.6
2003
- 12.8
- 3.1
- 9.8
0.6
- 3.3
- 2.4
- 1.4
0.1
- 0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
- 2.3

2004
60.3
48.5
11.9
18.1
2.3
3.7
3.6
2.6
2.6
3.3
1.9
2.1
0.5
2004
72.1
54.3
17.8
20.2
5.1
5.4
4.7
3.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.3
2004
- 11.8
- 5.9
- 5.9
- 2.1
- 2.8
- 1.7
- 1.1
- 1.3
- 0.1
0.8
- 0.4
0.1
- 1.9

2005
71.9
56.5
15.4
20.3
3.2
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.3
4.0
2.1
2.2
0.5
2005
81.7
61.5
20.2
24.2
7.1
5.4
4.7
4.8
3.1
2.5
2.9
2.1
2.6
2005
- 9.8
- 5.0
- 4.8
- 3.9
- 3.9
- 1.0
- 0.2
- 1.8
0.2
1.5
- 0.8
0.1
- 2.1

2006
88.2
69.7
18.6
24.0
3.8
5.8
5.5
3.4
4.9
5.0
2.4
2.8
0.6
2006
101.1
73.8
27.3
29.4
9.7
6.5
5.5
5.8
3.8
3.0
3.2
2.6
3.6
2006
- 12.9
- 4.2
- 8.8
- 5.4
- 5.9
- 0.7
0.0
- 2.4
1.0
2.0
- 0.8
0.2
- 3.0

2007
102.3
80.7
21.6
26.5
4.7
6.8
6.2
3.9
5.7
6.1
2.7
3.3
0.7
2007
120.9
88.6
32.3
35.1
10.5
7.9
6.2
6.9
4.7
3.6
3.9
3.2
5.1
2007
- 18.7
- 8.0
- 10.7
- 8.6
- 5.7
- 1.2
0.0
- 3.0
1.0
2.4
- 1.1
0.1
- 4.3

84

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Poland: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
43.5
6.5
3.3
1.1
2.2
37.0
2.8
16.4

2003
47.5
7.1
3.8
1.2
2.1
40.5
3.1
17.9

2004
60.3
9.9
5.0
1.6
3.3
50.5
3.9
23.4

2005
71.9
12.3
6.8
1.7
3.8
59.6
4.9
28.1

2006
88.2
14.2
8.1
2.2
4.0
74.0
6.3
35.5

2007
102.3
15.9
9.5
2.6
3.9
86.3
7.5
41.8

17.9

19.4

23.2

26.6

32.1

37.0

0.0
2002
58.5
10.6
3.3
2.0
5.3
47.9
8.7
22.0

0.0
2003
60.4
10.5
3.0
2.0
5.5
49.8
8.9
22.9

0.0
2004
72.1
13.1
3.8
2.7
6.6
59.0
10.2
27.9

0.0
2005
81.7
16.9
4.8
2.7
9.4
64.8
11.6
29.3

0.0
2006
101.1
19.5
5.6
3.4
10.5
79.1
13.6
36.4

0.0
2007
120.9
23.1
7.1
4.0
12.0
94.8
15.7
43.1

17.2

17.9

20.9

23.8

29.1

36.0

0.1
2002
- 15.0
- 4.1
0.0
- 0.9
- 3.2
- 10.9
- 5.9
- 5.6

0.7

0.0

0.0
2003
- 12.8
- 3.5
0.8
- 0.8
- 3.5
- 9.3
- 5.8
- 5.0

1.5

0.0

0.0
2004
- 11.8
- 3.3
1.2
- 1.1
- 3.3
- 8.5
- 6.3
- 4.5

2.3

0.0

0.0
2005
- 9.8
- 4.6
2.0
- 1.0
- 5.6
- 5.2
- 6.8
- 1.2

2.8

0.0

2.5
2006
- 12.9
- 5.3
2.5
- 1.3
- 6.6
- 5.1
- 7.3
- 0.8

3.0

- 2.5

3.1
2007
- 18.7
- 7.2
2.4
- 1.4
- 8.1
- 8.5
- 8.2
- 1.3

1.0

- 3.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

85

4 External trade by Member State

Portugal: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
Belgium
Angola
Brazil
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
Belgium
Angola
Brazil
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands
USA
Belgium
Angola
Brazil

2002
27.4
22.3
5.1
5.7
4.8
3.7
1.2
2.8
1.1
1.6
1.2
0.6
0.2
2002
42.5
33.9
8.6
12.3
6.4
4.3
2.9
2.2
1.9
0.9
1.3
0.1
0.7
2002
- 15.1
- 11.6
- 3.5
- 6.5
- 1.5
- 0.6
- 1.6
0.6
- 0.9
0.7
- 0.1
0.5
- 0.5

2003
28.1
22.8
5.3
6.7
4.2
3.7
1.3
2.9
1.1
1.6
1.2
0.6
0.1
2003
41.7
33.2
8.6
12.5
6.1
4.1
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.8
1.2
0.0
0.7
2003
- 13.7
- 10.4
- 3.3
- 5.9
- 2.0
- 0.4
- 1.3
0.8
- 0.9
0.8
0.0
0.6
- 0.5

2004
28.8
23.0
5.7
7.2
3.9
4.0
1.2
2.8
1.2
1.7
1.1
0.7
0.2
2004
44.2
34.1
10.1
12.9
6.3
4.1
2.7
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.2
0.0
0.9
2004
- 15.4
- 11.0
- 4.4
- 5.8
- 2.4
- 0.1
- 1.5
0.7
- 0.9
0.7
- 0.1
0.7
- 0.7

2005
30.7
24.5
6.1
7.9
3.7
4.0
1.3
2.5
1.2
1.7
1.1
0.8
0.2
2005
49.2
37.7
11.5
14.2
6.6
4.2
2.6
2.1
2.1
1.1
1.4
0.0
1.0
2005
- 18.5
- 13.1
- 5.4
- 6.3
- 2.9
- 0.2
- 1.3
0.4
- 0.9
0.6
- 0.3
0.8
- 0.8

2006
34.5
26.7
7.8
9.1
4.5
4.1
1.4
2.3
1.3
2.1
1.1
1.2
0.3
2006
53.1
40.2
13.0
15.4
7.0
4.3
3.0
2.1
2.3
0.8
1.4
0.1
1.2
2006
- 18.6
- 13.4
- 5.2
- 6.2
- 2.5
- 0.2
- 1.6
0.2
- 1.1
1.3
- 0.3
1.2
- 1.0

2007
37.6
28.8
8.8
10.2
4.8
4.6
1.5
2.2
1.2
1.8
0.9
1.7
0.3
2007
57.1
43.0
14.0
16.8
7.3
4.8
3.0
2.0
2.6
1.0
1.6
0.4
1.4
2007
- 19.5
- 14.2
- 5.3
- 6.7
- 2.5
- 0.2
- 1.5
0.2
- 1.3
0.8
- 0.7
1.3
- 1.1

86

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Portugal: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
27.4
3.6
2.0
1.1
0.5
23.8
1.6
9.4

2003
28.1
3.7
2.0
1.1
0.7
24.3
1.7
9.8

2004
28.8
4.1
2.1
1.2
0.9
24.6
1.9
9.8

2005
30.7
5.0
2.4
1.3
1.3
24.9
2.1
9.9

2006
34.5
6.3
2.7
1.7
1.9
27.5
2.3
11.2

2007
37.6
6.7
3.2
1.8
1.7
29.4
2.7
12.0

12.7

12.8

12.8

12.9

13.9

14.7

0.1
2002
42.5
10.5
4.8
1.6
4.1
31.8
4.6
14.6

0.1
2003
41.7
10.6
4.8
1.6
4.2
31.0
4.8
14.2

0.1
2004
44.2
11.4
4.9
1.6
4.9
32.7
5.1
15.0

0.7
2005
49.2
14.0
5.2
1.6
7.2
34.7
5.4
15.7

0.8
2006
53.1
15.5
5.6
1.8
8.1
37.1
6.0
16.5

1.6
2007
57.1
16.4
6.3
2.1
8.0
40.0
6.4
17.6

12.6

12.1

12.7

13.6

14.7

16.0

0.1
2002
- 15.1
- 7.0
- 2.9
- 0.6
- 3.6
- 8.0
- 3.0
- 5.1

0.1

- 0.1

0.1
2003
- 13.7
- 6.9
- 2.8
- 0.5
- 3.6
- 6.8
- 3.0
- 4.4

0.6

0.0

0.1
2004
- 15.4
- 7.3
- 2.8
- 0.4
- 4.1
- 8.1
- 3.1
- 5.1

0.1

0.0

0.5
2005
- 18.5
- 9.0
- 2.8
- 0.3
- 5.9
- 9.8
- 3.3
- 5.9

- 0.6

0.2

0.5
2006
- 18.6
- 9.2
- 2.9
- 0.1
- 6.2
- 9.7
- 3.6
- 5.3

- 0.8

0.3

0.7
2007
- 19.5
- 9.8
- 3.2
- 0.3
- 6.3
- 10.6
- 3.6
- 5.7

- 1.3

0.9

  External and intra-European Union trade

87

4 External trade by Member State

Romania: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
France
Hungary
Turkey
Russia
Austria
Netherlands
Poland
United Kingdom
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
France
Hungary
Turkey
Russia
Austria
Netherlands
Poland
United Kingdom
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
France
Hungary
Turkey
Russia
Austria
Netherlands
Poland
United Kingdom

2002
14.7
10.8
3.8
2.3
3.7
1.1
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.8
2002
18.9
12.9
6.0
2.8
3.9
1.2
0.7
0.6
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
2002
- 4.2
- 2.0
- 2.2
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 0.1
- 0.2
0.0
- 1.3
- 0.2
0.0
- 0.3
0.1

2003
15.6
11.8
3.9
2.5
3.8
1.1
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.1
1.0
2003
21.2
14.5
6.8
3.1
4.1
1.5
0.8
0.8
1.8
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.7
2003
- 5.6
- 2.7
- 2.9
- 0.7
- 0.4
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.0
- 1.7
- 0.2
0.1
- 0.3
0.3

2004
18.9
14.1
4.8
2.8
4.0
1.6
0.7
1.3
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.3
1.3
2004
26.3
17.3
9.0
3.9
4.5
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.8
0.9
0.5
0.7
0.9
2004
- 7.4
- 3.2
- 4.2
- 1.1
- 0.5
- 0.3
- 0.1
0.2
- 1.7
- 0.3
0.1
- 0.4
0.4

2005
22.3
15.6
6.7
3.1
4.2
1.7
0.9
1.8
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.3
1.2
2005
32.6
20.5
12.1
4.5
5.0
2.2
1.1
1.6
2.7
1.2
0.6
0.9
0.9
2005
- 10.3
- 4.9
- 5.4
- 1.4
- 0.8
- 0.5
- 0.2
0.2
- 2.5
- 0.5
0.0
- 0.6
0.3

2006
25.9
18.2
7.7
4.1
4.6
1.9
1.3
2.0
0.3
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.2
2006
40.8
25.8
14.9
6.2
5.9
2.7
1.3
2.0
3.2
1.5
0.7
1.1
1.0
2006
- 14.9
- 7.7
- 7.3
- 2.1
- 1.3
- 0.7
- 0.1
0.0
- 2.9
- 0.8
- 0.1
- 0.7
0.2

2007
29.4
21.1
8.3
5.0
5.0
2.3
1.6
2.1
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.6
1.2
2007
51.0
36.3
14.7
8.8
6.5
3.2
3.5
2.8
3.2
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.0
2007
- 21.6
- 15.1
- 6.5
- 3.8
- 1.5
- 0.9
- 1.9
- 0.7
- 2.8
- 1.7
- 1.2
- 1.1
0.2

88

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Romania: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
14.7
2.4
0.4
0.8
1.2
12.3
0.7
3.1

2003
15.6
2.4
0.4
1.0
1.0
13.1
0.7
3.4

2004
18.9
2.9
0.4
1.2
1.3
15.9
1.0
4.5

2005
22.3
4.0
0.5
1.1
2.4
18.1
1.3
5.7

2006
25.9
4.7
0.6
1.5
2.6
21.0
1.5
7.7

2007
29.4
4.7
0.9
1.6
2.2
24.6
1.7
10.0

8.5

9.0

10.4

11.1

11.8

13.0

0.1
2002
18.9
3.9
1.1
0.7
2.1
15.0
2.0
5.3

0.1
2003
21.2
4.4
1.4
0.7
2.3
16.7
2.2
6.3

0.1
2004
26.3
5.5
1.6
0.8
3.1
20.7
2.7
8.6

0.1
2005
32.6
7.4
1.8
1.0
4.6
25.1
3.3
10.8

0.1
2006
40.8
8.8
2.2
1.1
5.5
31.8
4.3
14.4

0.1
2007
51.0
10.0
3.0
1.5
5.5
40.9
5.2
19.4

7.6

8.3

9.4

11.0

13.1

16.2

0.1
2002
- 4.2
- 1.5
- 0.7
0.1
- 0.9
- 2.7
- 1.4
- 2.2

0.8

0.0

0.1
2003
- 5.6
- 2.0
- 1.0
0.3
- 1.3
- 3.6
- 1.4
- 2.9

0.7

0.0

0.1
2004
- 7.4
- 2.6
- 1.1
0.4
- 1.8
- 4.8
- 1.7
- 4.1

1.0

0.0

0.1
2005
- 10.3
- 3.3
- 1.3
0.2
- 2.2
- 7.0
- 2.0
- 5.2

0.2

0.0

0.1
2006
- 14.9
- 4.1
- 1.6
0.4
- 2.9
- 10.8
- 2.8
- 6.7

- 1.3

0.0

0.1
2007
- 21.6
- 5.3
- 2.1
0.1
- 3.3
- 16.3
- 3.6
- 9.5

- 3.3

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

89

4 External trade by Member State

Slovenia: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
Austria
Croatia
France
Hungary
Russia
Serbia (*)
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
Austria
Croatia
France
Hungary
Russia
Serbia (*)
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Italy
Austria
Croatia
France
Hungary
Russia
Serbia (*)
Czech Republic
Netherlands

2002
11.0
7.5
3.4
2.7
1.3
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
2002
11.6
9.0
2.6
2.2
2.1
1.0
0.4
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
2002
- 0.6
- 1.5
0.8
0.5
- 0.7
- 0.2
0.5
- 0.5
- 0.1
0.1
0.3
- 0.1
- 0.1

2003
11.3
7.7
3.6
2.6
1.5
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
2003
12.2
9.4
2.9
2.4
2.2
1.1
0.4
1.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
2003
- 1.0
- 1.7
0.7
0.3
- 0.8
- 0.2
0.6
- 0.6
- 0.1
0.0
0.3
- 0.1
- 0.1

2004
13.2
8.9
4.3
2.8
1.7
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
2004
14.3
11.7
2.6
2.9
2.7
1.8
0.5
1.2
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.5
2004
- 1.1
- 2.8
1.7
- 0.1
- 1.0
- 0.9
0.7
- 0.3
- 0.2
0.2
0.4
- 0.1
- 0.3

2005
15.5
10.5
4.9
3.0
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.2
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
2005
16.4
13.0
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.0
0.7
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.6
2005
- 0.9
- 2.4
1.6
- 0.2
- 1.1
- 0.7
0.7
0.1
- 0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
- 0.4

2006
18.5
12.7
5.9
3.5
2.3
1.6
1.6
1.2
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.2
2006
19.2
15.0
4.3
3.7
3.4
2.2
0.9
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.7
2006
- 0.7
- 2.3
1.6
- 0.2
- 1.1
- 0.7
0.7
0.0
- 0.1
0.4
0.4
0.0
- 0.4

2007
22.0
15.2
6.7
4.1
2.7
1.6
1.8
1.3
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.6
0.3
2007
23.0
17.0
6.1
4.2
3.9
2.7
1.1
1.2
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.8
2007
- 1.1
- 1.8
0.7
- 0.1
- 1.2
- 1.1
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.1
- 0.4

(*) Serbia and Montenegro from 2002 to 2004.

90

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Slovenia: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
11.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.1
10.2
1.3
4.1

2003
11.3
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.2
10.5
1.5
4.1

2004
13.2
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.2
12.3
1.7
5.0

2005
15.5
1.3
0.5
0.5
0.3
14.2
1.9
6.0

2006
18.5
1.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16.7
2.4
7.1

2007
22.0
2.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
20.0
2.8
9.1

4.8

4.9

5.6

6.2

7.2

8.1

0.0
2002
11.6
2.1
0.7
0.6
0.8
9.5
1.6
3.9

0.0
2003
12.2
2.3
0.7
0.6
1.0
10.0
1.6
4.2

0.0
2004
14.3
3.3
1.0
0.9
1.4
14.1
2.3
6.0

0.0
2005
16.4
3.6
1.0
0.9
1.7
12.7
2.0
5.4

0.0
2006
19.2
4.4
1.2
1.1
2.1
14.8
2.3
6.3

0.0
2007
23.0
4.9
1.5
1.3
2.1
18.1
2.6
8.2

4.0

4.1

5.8

5.3

6.2

7.3

0.0
2002
- 0.6
- 1.4
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.7
0.8
- 0.2
0.1

0.9

0.0

0.0
2003
- 1.0
- 1.5
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.8
0.6
- 0.1
- 0.1

0.8

0.0

- 3.2
2004
- 1.1
- 2.5
- 0.6
- 0.6
- 1.2
- 1.8
- 0.6
- 1.0

- 0.3

3.2

0.0
2005
- 0.9
- 2.3
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 1.4
1.5
- 0.1
0.7

0.9

0.0

0.0
2006
- 0.7
- 2.6
- 0.6
- 0.5
- 1.6
1.9
0.1
0.7

1.0

0.0

0.0
2007
- 1.1
- 2.9
- 0.7
- 0.6
- 1.6
1.8
0.2
0.9

0.8

0.0

  External and intra-European Union trade

91

4 External trade by Member State

Slovakia: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Czech Republic
Hungary
Russia
Poland
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Czech Republic
Hungary
Russia
Poland
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Czech Republic
Hungary
Russia
Poland
Austria
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Netherlands

2002
15.2
13.6
1.6
4.0
2.3
0.8
0.2
0.8
1.2
0.6
1.6
0.4
0.5
2002
17.5
12.8
4.7
4.0
2.7
0.5
2.2
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.3
2002
- 2.3
0.8
- 3.1
0.0
- 0.4
0.3
- 2.0
0.2
0.4
- 0.1
0.4
- 0.1
0.2

2003
19.3
16.6
2.7
6.0
2.5
0.9
0.2
0.9
1.4
0.7
1.4
0.4
0.5
2003
19.9
14.8
5.1
5.1
2.9
0.7
2.1
0.7
0.9
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.3
2003
- 0.6
1.8
- 2.4
0.9
- 0.4
0.3
- 1.9
0.2
0.6
- 0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2

2004
22.3
19.3
3.0
6.4
3.0
1.2
0.3
1.2
1.7
0.8
1.4
0.6
0.7
2004
24.0
18.9
5.1
6.2
4.4
0.9
2.2
1.0
1.4
0.8
1.3
0.4
0.6
2004
- 1.7
0.4
- 2.1
0.2
- 1.4
0.2
- 1.9
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1

2005
25.6
22.4
3.3
6.6
3.6
1.5
0.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
1.7
0.8
0.9
2005
27.9
21.7
6.2
6.7
5.5
1.3
3.0
1.3
1.7
0.9
1.3
0.4
0.7
2005
- 2.2
0.7
- 2.9
- 0.1
- 1.8
0.2
- 2.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.2

2006
33.3
29.0
4.4
7.8
4.6
2.0
0.5
2.1
2.0
1.4
2.2
1.3
1.4
2006
35.7
26.9
8.8
8.2
6.4
2.2
4.0
1.8
2.0
1.1
1.6
0.5
0.8
2006
- 2.4
2.1
- 4.5
- 0.4
- 1.9
- 0.1
- 3.5
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.8
0.6

2007
42.5
36.8
5.6
9.1
5.3
2.5
1.0
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.0
1.5
2007
43.9
32.6
11.3
9.7
7.6
2.9
4.0
2.2
2.2
1.7
1.7
0.5
1.0
2007
- 1.5
4.2
- 5.7
- 0.6
- 2.2
- 0.4
- 3.1
0.5
0.2
1.1
1.0
1.5
0.5

92

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Slovakia: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
15.2
1.9
0.5
0.5
0.9
13.2
1.0
6.0

2003
19.3
2.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
17.1
1.0
9.1

2004
22.3
2.8
0.7
0.7
1.4
19.4
1.2
10.2

2005
25.6
3.4
1.1
0.8
1.5
21.8
1.5
11.3

2006
33.3
4.0
1.3
0.8
1.9
29.0
1.8
16.2

2007
42.5
4.4
1.4
0.9
2.0
37.7
2.1
22.8

6.2

7.0

8.0

9.0

11.0

12.8

0.1
2002
17.5
3.9
0.9
0.7
2.4
13.5
1.9
6.6

0.1
2003
19.9
3.9
0.9
0.7
2.4
15.9
2.0
8.1

0.1
2004
24.0
4.9
1.1
0.9
2.8
19.0
2.3
9.6

0.4
2005
27.9
6.3
1.6
1.0
3.7
21.4
2.7
10.6

0.3
2006
35.7
7.7
1.8
1.2
4.8
27.8
3.2
13.8

0.4
2007
43.9
8.2
2.2
1.3
4.7
35.5
3.8
19.4

5.0

5.8

7.1

8.1

10.8

12.3

0.1
2002
- 2.3
- 2.0
- 0.4
- 0.2
- 1.4
- 0.3
- 0.9
- 0.6

1.2

0.0

0.1
2003
- 0.6
- 1.9
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 1.4
1.3
- 1.0
1.0

1.2

0.0

0.2
2004
- 1.7
- 2.1
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 1.4
0.4
- 1.2
0.7

0.9

- 0.1

0.1
2005
- 2.2
- 2.9
- 0.5
- 0.2
- 2.2
0.4
- 1.2
0.7

0.9

0.3

0.1
2006
- 2.4
- 3.8
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 2.9
1.2
- 1.4
2.4

0.2

0.2

0.2
2007
- 1.5
- 3.8
- 0.8
- 0.4
- 2.7
2.2
- 1.8
3.4

0.6

0.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

93

4 External trade by Member State

Finland: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Sweden
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
USA
China
France
Italy
Denmark
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Sweden
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
USA
China
France
Italy
Denmark
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Sweden
Russia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
USA
China
France
Italy
Denmark

2002
47.7
29.2
18.6
5.7
4.2
3.2
2.2
4.6
4.3
1.2
2.2
1.6
1.2
2002
36.2
25.3
10.9
5.9
5.2
3.6
2.6
2.2
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.3
2.1
2002
11.6
3.9
7.7
- 0.2
- 1.1
- 0.4
- 0.4
2.4
2.9
0.3
0.7
0.3
- 0.9

2003
47.0
28.3
18.7
5.5
4.7
3.5
2.3
3.8
3.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.0
2003
37.6
25.7
11.9
6.1
5.3
4.4
2.4
2.0
1.4
1.1
1.6
1.3
2.2
2003
9.4
2.7
6.8
- 0.6
- 0.7
- 0.9
- 0.1
1.8
2.4
0.2
0.1
0.6
- 1.1

2004
49.5
28.7
20.8
5.3
5.5
4.4
2.5
3.5
3.2
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.1
2004
41.4
27.9
13.5
6.7
5.9
5.3
2.6
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.5
2.1
2004
8.1
0.9
7.2
- 1.4
- 0.4
- 0.9
- 0.1
1.6
1.8
0.6
0.0
- 0.1
- 1.0

2005
52.7
29.9
22.7
5.6
5.7
5.8
2.5
3.5
3.1
1.6
1.8
1.6
1.2
2005
47.2
31.5
15.7
7.8
6.7
6.5
2.9
2.1
1.3
2.0
1.7
1.5
2.2
2005
5.4
- 1.6
7.0
- 2.2
- 1.1
- 0.8
- 0.4
1.5
1.8
- 0.4
0.1
0.1
- 1.0

2006
61.5
35.2
26.3
6.9
6.5
6.2
3.2
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.3
2006
55.3
35.3
19.9
8.6
7.7
7.7
3.6
2.6
1.4
3.0
1.8
1.7
2.5
2006
6.2
- 0.1
6.4
- 1.7
- 1.2
- 1.5
- 0.4
1.4
2.6
- 1.0
0.3
0.3
- 1.2

2007
65.7
37.3
28.4
7.2
7.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
4.2
2.2
2.3
1.8
1.3
2007
59.6
38.2
21.4
9.4
8.2
8.3
4.0
2.9
1.3
3.3
2.0
1.9
2.1
2007
6.1
- 0.9
6.9
- 2.2
- 1.2
- 1.6
- 0.4
0.9
2.9
- 1.1
0.3
0.0
- 0.8

94

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Finland: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
47.7
5.7
0.9
3.2
1.6
41.7
3.3
21.0

2003
47.0
5.9
0.9
3.2
1.8
40.8
3.3
20.0

2004
49.5
6.1
0.9
3.1
2.1
40.1
2.3
19.9

2005
52.7
6.2
0.9
3.0
2.4
43.8
3.0
23.4

2006
61.5
8.1
1.0
3.7
3.3
50.8
3.6
26.1

2007
65.7
8.6
1.2
3.8
3.6
54.2
3.8
28.1

17.4

17.4

17.9

17.4

21.2

22.3

0.4
2002
36.2
8.4
2.0
2.3
4.1
27.0
4.2
14.6

0.4
2003
37.6
9.2
2.1
2.7
4.5
27.5
4.3
14.8

3.3
2004
41.4
10.5
2.2
3.4
5.0
29.4
4.6
15.7

2.6
2005
47.2
12.0
2.4
3.7
6.0
34.3
5.1
19.2

2.6
2006
55.3
16.3
2.5
5.2
8.5
38.5
5.8
21.1

2.9
2007
59.6
17.3
2.8
6.2
8.3
41.7
5.8
22.8

8.2

8.4

9.1

10.0

11.6

13.1

0.8
2002
11.6
- 2.7
- 1.1
0.8
- 2.4
14.7
- 0.9
6.4

9.2

- 0.5

0.8
2003
9.4
- 3.4
- 1.2
0.5
- 2.7
13.2
- 1.0
5.3

9.0

- 0.4

1.5
2004
8.1
- 4.5
- 1.3
- 0.3
- 2.9
10.7
- 2.3
4.2

8.8

1.9

0.9
2005
5.4
- 5.8
- 1.5
- 0.7
- 3.6
9.5
- 2.1
4.2

7.4

1.7

0.5
2006
6.2
- 8.2
- 1.5
- 1.5
- 5.2
12.3
- 2.3
5.0

9.6

2.1

0.6
2007
6.1
- 8.7
- 1.7
- 2.4
- 4.7
12.5
- 2.1
5.3

9.3

2.3

  External and intra-European Union trade

95

4 External trade by Member State

Sweden: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Norway
Denmark
United Kingdom
Finland
USA
Netherlands
France
Belgium
Italy
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Norway
Denmark
United Kingdom
Finland
USA
Netherlands
France
Belgium
Italy
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
Norway
Denmark
United Kingdom
Finland
USA
Netherlands
France
Belgium
Italy

2002
86.2
50.5
35.7
8.6
7.6
5.0
6.9
4.7
9.9
4.5
4.3
4.0
3.0
2002
70.8
50.3
20.5
12.5
5.3
6.0
5.8
3.5
3.7
4.5
3.7
2.6
2.3
2002
15.4
0.1
15.3
- 4.0
2.3
- 1.0
1.1
1.2
6.1
0.0
0.6
1.4
0.7

2003
90.3
53.0
37.3
8.9
7.6
5.5
6.9
4.9
10.4
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.2
2003
73.9
53.1
20.8
13.2
5.6
6.3
5.7
4.0
3.2
4.6
4.0
3.0
2.4
2003
16.4
- 0.1
16.5
- 4.3
2.0
- 0.7
1.2
1.0
7.2
- 0.2
0.4
1.1
0.8

2004
99.1
58.5
40.6
9.9
8.5
6.3
7.6
5.4
10.6
4.7
4.7
4.4
3.6
2004
80.7
58.3
22.5
14.6
5.9
7.1
5.8
5.0
3.0
5.0
4.4
3.1
2.6
2004
18.4
0.2
18.1
- 4.7
2.7
- 0.7
1.8
0.5
7.6
- 0.3
0.3
1.3
1.0

2005
105.3
62.1
43.1
10.9
9.0
7.2
8.2
6.3
11.1
4.8
5.1
4.5
3.5
2005
89.8
63.2
26.6
16.3
7.0
8.5
6.1
5.3
3.2
5.6
4.6
3.5
3.0
2005
15.5
- 1.1
16.6
- 5.4
2.0
- 1.3
2.0
1.0
7.9
- 0.9
0.4
1.0
0.6

2006
117.7
70.8
46.9
11.7
10.7
8.5
8.5
7.4
10.9
5.6
5.8
5.4
4.0
2006
101.6
70.8
30.8
18.2
8.3
9.8
6.5
5.9
3.5
6.0
4.8
4.2
3.4
2006
16.1
0.0
16.1
- 6.5
2.5
- 1.3
2.0
1.4
7.4
- 0.4
1.0
1.2
0.5

2007
123.4
75.6
47.8
12.9
11.6
9.2
8.8
7.8
9.4
6.2
6.2
5.7
3.9
2007
110.4
78.2
32.2
20.3
9.1
10.1
7.5
6.7
3.4
6.4
5.5
4.6
3.9
2007
13.0
- 2.6
15.5
- 7.4
2.4
- 0.9
1.3
1.1
5.9
- 0.1
0.7
1.1
0.0

96

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

Sweden: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
86.2
10.4
2.6
5.2
2.5
71.2
9.2
36.1

2003
90.3
10.8
2.8
5.1
2.9
74.6
10.4
38.2

2004
99.1
12.7
3.1
5.5
4.1
83.6
11.0
44.0

2005
105.3
15.3
3.6
6.1
5.7
89.7
11.8
47.6

2006
117.7
18.1
4.0
7.1
7.0
99.3
13.5
52.0

2007
123.4
18.8
4.3
7.7
6.8
104.3
13.6
54.3

25.9

26.1

28.6

30.4

33.8

36.4

4.6
2002
70.8
14.1
5.3
2.6
6.2
54.5
7.3
27.8

4.8
2003
73.9
14.9
5.5
2.5
6.9
56.9
7.9
29.2

2.8
2004
80.7
16.8
5.9
3.1
7.8
63.7
8.7
32.6

0.3
2005
89.8
20.2
6.5
3.2
10.6
69.6
9.6
35.4

0.3
2006
101.6
23.7
7.3
3.8
12.7
77.8
10.6
39.6

0.3
2007
110.4
24.5
7.9
4.4
12.3
85.9
12.0
43.1

19.4

19.8

22.4

24.6

27.6

30.8

2.3
2002
15.4
- 3.7
- 2.7
2.6
- 3.7
16.7
1.9
8.3

6.5

2.3

2.1
2003
16.4
- 4.1
- 2.7
2.7
- 4.1
17.8
2.5
9.0

6.3

2.8

0.2
2004
18.4
- 4.1
- 2.8
2.5
- 3.8
19.9
2.4
11.4

6.2

2.6

0.0
2005
15.5
- 4.9
- 2.9
2.9
- 4.9
20.1
2.2
12.1

5.8

0.3

0.0
2006
16.1
- 5.7
- 3.3
3.3
- 5.7
21.5
2.9
12.4

6.2

0.3

0.1
2007
13.0
- 5.7
- 3.5
3.3
- 5.5
18.4
1.7
11.1

5.6

0.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

97

4 External trade by Member State

United Kingdom: Trade by main partner countries (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
USA
France
Netherlands
Ireland
Belgium
China
Italy
Spain
Norway
Imports
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
USA
France
Netherlands
Ireland
Belgium
China
Italy
Spain
Norway
Balance
Total
Intra-EU-27
Extra-EU-27
Germany
USA
France
Netherlands
Ireland
Belgium
China
Italy
Spain
Norway

2002
296.3
181.9
114.4
34.4
44.4
29.5
21.9
25.2
15.8
2.4
13.4
13.3
2.9
2002
385.0
220.6
164.5
48.8
44.1
30.6
24.1
15.2
18.6
16.8
17.2
13.1
8.6
2002
- 88.7
- 38.6
- 50.1
- 14.4
0.3
- 1.1
- 2.2
10.0
- 2.8
- 14.4
- 3.8
0.3
- 5.7

2003
270.2
160.0
110.2
29.5
40.4
26.9
19.2
18.5
15.6
2.8
12.3
12.7
2.8
2003
353.1
200.2
152.9
47.6
36.2
28.6
22.6
14.5
17.6
17.3
16.9
12.2
9.2
2003
- 82.9
- 40.2
- 42.7
- 18.1
4.2
- 1.7
- 3.4
4.0
- 2.0
- 14.5
- 4.6
0.5
- 6.4

2004
279.4
164.2
115.1
31.8
40.5
27.3
17.6
20.7
15.0
3.5
12.3
13.4
3.0
2004
378.4
212.0
166.3
52.0
35.2
29.2
26.5
14.9
18.7
20.5
17.8
13.0
12.6
2004
- 99.0
- 47.8
- 51.2
- 20.2
5.3
- 1.9
- 8.9
5.8
- 3.6
- 17.1
- 5.4
0.4
- 9.7

2005
309.0
177.4
131.7
33.5
44.5
29.0
18.5
23.7
16.3
4.1
12.8
15.6
3.3
2005
412.9
232.6
180.3
54.8
34.0
29.4
27.8
14.6
19.3
24.7
17.4
14.1
17.8
2005
- 103.9
- 55.2
- 48.6
- 21.4
10.5
- 0.4
- 9.3
9.1
- 3.1
- 20.6
- 4.6
1.5
- 14.4

2006
357.3
224.9
132.5
39.8
46.2
42.5
24.3
25.2
19.2
4.8
13.9
18.3
3.2
2006
479.0
276.4
202.6
58.7
39.0
31.1
30.3
15.3
20.9
28.7
18.4
15.3
21.5
2006
- 121.7
- 51.5
- 70.2
- 18.9
7.2
11.3
- 6.0
10.0
- 1.7
- 24.0
- 4.5
3.0
- 18.3

2007
320.4
186.4
134.0
35.8
45.6
26.2
21.8
25.7
17.2
5.5
13.3
14.5
4.0
2007
454.5
248.8
205.7
64.6
39.2
31.7
33.2
16.4
21.6
33.2
19.2
14.8
21.1
2007
- 134.1
- 62.5
- 71.7
- 28.8
6.4
- 5.4
- 11.3
9.3
- 4.4
- 27.7
- 5.9
- 0.3
- 17.1

98

External and intra-European Union trade 

External trade by Member State

4

United Kingdom: Trade by product (billion EUR)

Exports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Imports
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.
Balance
Total
Primary products
Food and beverages
Crude materials
Energy
Manufactured goods
Chemicals
Machinery and vehicles
Other manufactured 
products
Products n.e.s.

2002
296.3
44.4
15.8
4.5
24.1
249.1
45.0
135.0

2003
270.2
42.9
15.5
4.8
22.6
225.2
45.3
114.6

2004
279.4
45.7
15.4
5.5
24.7
231.2
47.2
114.7

2005
309.0
50.8
15.4
5.8
29.5
245.3
48.8
122.4

2006
357.3
58.8
16.0
7.2
35.6
284.4
54.9
152.4

2007
320.4
59.1
17.0
8.0
34.1
246.2
56.9
110.1

69.1

65.3

69.3

74.1

77.1

79.2

2.9
2002
385.0
55.5
30.1
10.3
15.1
300.2
39.1
155.6

2.1
2003
353.1
55.7
29.9
9.7
16.1
280.4
38.7
142.9

2.5
2004
378.4
66.0
32.0
10.2
23.8
300.8
42.3
151.5

13.0
2005
412.9
78.9
33.9
10.8
34.2
302.9
43.9
147.9

14.1
2006
479.0
91.9
36.1
12.5
43.3
331.7
47.8
163.3

15.1
2007
454.5
95.9
38.2
14.7
42.9
337.3
52.0
159.0

105.5

98.7

107.0

111.0

120.6

126.4

29.3
2002
- 88.7
- 11.2
- 14.3
- 5.8
9.0
- 51.1
5.9
- 20.6

17.0
2003
- 82.9
- 12.8
- 14.4
- 4.9
6.5
- 55.2
6.5
- 28.3

11.6
2004
- 99.0
- 20.3
- 16.5
- 4.7
0.9
- 69.6
5.0
- 36.9

31.1
2005
- 103.9
- 28.1
- 18.5
- 5.0
- 4.7
- 57.6
4.9
- 25.5

55.5
2006
- 121.7
- 33.1
- 20.1
- 5.3
- 7.7
- 47.2
7.1
- 10.9

21.3
2007
- 134.1
- 36.8
- 21.3
- 6.7
- 8.8
- 91.1
5.0
- 48.9

- 36.4

- 33.5

- 37.7

- 37.0

- 43.5

- 47.1

- 26.4

- 14.9

- 9.1

- 18.2

- 41.3

- 6.2

  External and intra-European Union trade

99

Methodological notes5

5

Methodological notes

Coverage

The series concerning the European Union were recalculated to in-
clude Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithua-
nia, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia; there-
fore, the figures published here concern the 27 EU Member States.

Statistical territory

The statistical territory of the European Union corresponds to the 
customs territory of the European Union. 

Extra-EU trade

Statistics on trade with third countries cover movable property im-
ported and exported by the European Union. The definitions are as 
follows:

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

imports are goods which enter the statistical territory of the Eu-
ropean  Union  from  a  third  country  and  are  placed  under  the 
customs procedure for free circulation (as a general rule, goods 
intended for consumption), inward processing or processing un-
der  customs  control  (goods  for  working,  processing  or  repair) 
immediately or after a period in a customs warehouse;

exports are goods which leave the statistical territory of the Eu-
ropean Union for a third country after being placed under the 
customs  procedure  for  exports  (definitive  export  or  following 
inward processing) or outward processing (goods for working, 
processing or repair).

Intra-EU trade

Statistics on trade between the Member States cover the arrivals and 
dispatches of movable goods recorded by each Member State. Arriv-
als and dispatches are defined as follows:

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

arrivals are goods in free circulation within the European Union 
which enter the statistical territory of a given Member State;

dispatches  are  goods  in  free  circulation  within  the  European 
Union  which  leave  the  statistical  territory  of  a  given  Member 
State to enter another Member State.

Trading partners

The  results  are  broken  down  by  country  in  accordance  with  the 
‘Country  nomenclature  for  statistics  on  European  Union  exter-
nal  trade  and  trade  between  its  Member  States’,  referred  to  as  the 
Geonomenclature (Geonom). 

102

External and intra-European Union trade 

Methodological notes 5

In the case of exports (or dispatches), the country (or Member State) 
of final destination of the goods is the partner country.

The  trading  partner  in  the  case  of  an  intra-European  Union  ar-
rival is always the country of consignment of the goods, even when 
the goods originate in third countries and have been placed in free 
circulation  in  the  country  of  consignment.  For  imports  (extra-EU 
trade)  the  statistics  show,  except  in  certain  cases  (returned  goods, 
works of art, etc.), the country of origin. 

Trade recorded under the category ‘Non-specified’ in Tables 2.1 and 
3.1 includes trade which cannot be allocated to an individual partner 
country due to confidentiality, adjustments or data errors. 

Dutch  extra-EU  imports,  and  therefore  the  trade  deficit,  are  over-
estimated because of the so-called ‘Rotterdam effect’. Goods destined  
for the rest of the EU arrive in Dutch ports and, according to Com-
munity rules, are declared as imports by the Netherlands (the coun-
try where these goods are released for free circulation). This in turn 
reduces the extra-EU imports to those Member States to which the 
goods  are  re-exported,  as  these  shipments  are  recorded,  for  Com-
munity statistics, as arrivals from the Netherlands, rather than im-
ports from an extra-EU partner. To a lesser extent, Belgian extra-EU 
import figures are similarly overestimated. 

Goods classiﬁcation

The most detailed results published by Eurostat are broken down ac-
cording  to  the  subheadings  of  the  Combined  Nomenclature  (CN). 
This tariff and statistical nomenclature is based on the international 
nomenclature of the harmonised system (HS) and comprises around 
10 000 eight-digit codes.

In this publication, the results are broken down by the sections of 
the  UN  Standard  International  Trade  Classification  (SITC  Rev.  4) 
by means of conversion tables drawn up by Eurostat on the basis of 
the CN.

Statistical value

For  extra-EU  trade,  the  statistical  value  is  based  on  the  customs  
value or, failing that, the transaction value of the goods. For intra-
EU trade, it is based on the assessment basis for taxation purposes or 
the transaction value of the goods.

It is the FOB (free on board) value for dispatches and exports and 
the CIF (cost, insurance, freight) value for arrivals and imports. It 
comprises only those subsidiary costs (freight and insurance) which 
relate,  for  dispatches  and  exports,  to  the  journey  within  the  terri-
tory of the Member State from which the goods are dispatched and, 

  External and intra-European Union trade

103

5

Methodological notes

for arrivals and imports, to the journey outside the territory of the 
Member State into which the goods enter.

In the case of trade under an inward or outward processing arrange-
ment and those for outside processing, it is always the total value of 
the goods that is recorded and not simply the added value.

Although  the  data  are  collected  in  units  of  national  currency,  the 
values set out in this publication have been expressed in euro. 

Data sources

The tables in this publication on EU trade and that of the Member 
States were compiled by Eurostat using the detailed data forwarded 
by the Member States. The data are based on the data available on 
25  November  2008.  Table  1  describes  the  development  of  external 
trade as declared by some of the EU’s most important trading part-
ners; such data are taken from the UN Comtrade database.

104

External and intra-European Union trade 

European Commission

External and intra-European Union trade — Data 2002–07 

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

2009 — 104 pp. — 10.5 x 21 cm

Theme: External trade
Collection: Pocketbooks

ISBN 978-92-79-09834-5
ISSN 1606-3481

How to obtain EU publications

Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop  
(http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order  
with the sales agent of your choice.

The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales  
agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a  
fax to (352) 29 29-42758.

External and intra-European 
Union trade

Data 2002–07

This pocketbook provides an overview of the 
characteristics of the European Union’s trade in 
goods. Data are provided for the European Union 
as a whole (EU-27), the euro area (EA-15) and the 
single Member States, with a breakdown by main 
partners and by major product groups, according 
to the Standard International Trade Classiﬁ cation 
(SITC). Trade ﬂ ows for the 27 Member States are 
presented with both other EU countries (intra-EU 
trade) and non-EU partners (extra-EU trade). The 
source of these statistics is Comext, the Eurostat 
database containing detailed external trade data 
for the EU and its Member States.

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 

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