Report from the Commission to the Council on the dried fodder sector
Date: 2008-09-19
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: common organisation of markets, fodder, production aid, report, trading operation

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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 19.9.2008 
COM(2008) 570 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL 

on the dried fodder sector 

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REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL 

on the dried fodder sector 

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

According to Article 184(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 (which took over the 
obligation  provided  for  in  Article  23  of  Regulation  (EC)  No  1786/2003  on  the  common 
organisation of the market in dried fodder), the Commission shall, before 30 September 2008, 
on the basis of an evaluation of the common market organisation for dried fodder, present a 
report to the Council on this sector. The report shall deal in particular with the development of 
areas of leguminous and other green fodder, the production of dried fodder and the savings of 
fossil fuels achieved, and shall be accompanied, if needed, by appropriate proposals. 

For this report, the Commission took into account an external evaluation report on the dried 
fodder sector1. 

2. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE SUPPORT SCHEME 

2.1. 

Background 

Council Regulation (EEC) No 1067/74 established the common market organisation (CMO) 
for dried fodder from 1 April 1974, with the aim of increasing the domestic supply of protein-
rich animal feed. A uniform level of aid was introduced, with the marketing year starting on 
1 April and ending on 31 March each year. To qualify for aid the dried fodder produced had 
to meet quality standards as regards moisture and protein content. 

Following  a  review  in  1978,  Council  Regulation  (EEC)  No 1117/78  was  adopted.  In  this 
regulation, a guide price was set to guarantee producers a fair return. As sun-dried fodder was 
also subject to competition from animal feed from third countries, an aid was introduced for 
sun-dried fodder but at a lower level than dehydrated fodder. 

Production rose steadily throughout the 1980s. This resulted in increases in total expenditure 
which  could  not  be  controlled,  as  no  limit  had  been  placed  on  the  quantities  for  which  aid 
would be paid. So, in 1995, in order to limit costs and influence the levels of EU production 
Council Regulation (EC) No 603/95 was adopted. A Maximum Guaranteed Quantity (MGQ) 
of 4 412 400 tonnes for dehydrated and 443 500 tonnes for sun-dried fodder was introduced. 

Further adaptations to the scheme were made by the reform of 2003, as laid down in Council 
Regulation (EC) No 1786/2003. 

1 

"Etude  d’évaluation  des  mesures  communautaires  dans  le  secteur  des  fourrages  séchés",  ANDI, 
COGEA, Univ. Lleida, DACS, September 2007 
http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eval/reports/fourrage/index_fr.htm 

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2.2. 

Current support scheme 

Since 1 April 2008 the current CMO for dried fodder is set out in Council Regulation (EC) 
No 1234/2007  establishing  a  common  organisation  of  agricultural  markets  and  on  specific 
provisions  for  certain  agricultural  products  (Single  CMO  Regulation).  Regulation  (EC) 
No 1234/2007  has  taken  over  the  former  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No 1786/2003  which 
established CMO for dried fodder following 2003 reform and was implemented as from 2005. 
Aid of €33 per tonne for both dehy drated and  sun-dried  fodder is granted to processors.  To 
control  expenditure,  a  MGQ  of  4 960 723  tonnes  per  marketing  year  for  dehydrated  and/or 
sun-dried fodder is imposed, divided among the Member States. If the MGQ is exceeded, aid 
for the Member State(s) concerned is reduced as a function of the excess. 

In  order  to  be  eligible,  the  dried  fodder  must  satisfy  quality  criteria  as  to  its  moisture  and 
protein content. 

Following the 2003 reform the annual budget for the dried fodder processing aid was reduced 
to EUR 163 million [€33 x 4.96 million tonnes (M GQ)], from its pre-reform level of around 
EUR  300  million.  Actual  expenditure  amounted  to  EUR  152  million  in  the  2005/2006 
marketing year and EUR 143 million in the 2006/2007 marketing year. This under-use of the 
budget can be attributed to the reduction of aid to €33/t,  which led to a lower quantity being 
produced. 

As from 2005, EUR 133 million of the processing aid budget for dried fodder was decoupled 
and  integrated  into  the  Single  Payment  Scheme,  with  entitlements  awarded  to  growers, 
proportionate to their supply of fodder to processors during the 2000–2002 reference period. 

With an average market value of €110 per t onne, the EU's production of 4.5 million tonnes 
level  of  aid  (EUR  143  million  in  2006/2007) 
has  a  total  market  value  of  €495  million.  The 
represents about 30% of the value of the marketed production (EUR 495 million). 

Looking  at  the  breakdown  of  expenditure  per  Member  State,  aid  is  mainly  used  in  Spain, 
France  and  Italy.  These  three  Member  States  absorbed  86%  of  the  2006/2007  budget. 
Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and the United Kingdom between them take up 10.5% 
of the budget. In the new Member States the dried fodder sector is small: in 2006 the EU-10 
took up only 1.6% of the budget. 

The complexity of the support scheme for dried fodder creates a considerable administrative 
burden  for  the  public  and  private  sectors  in  the  Member  States.  Estimates  of  the  financial 
costs  for  administration  vary  between  Member  States,  from  €0.63/t  in  France  to   €4.42/t  in 
Italy. 

2.3. 

Evolution of eligibility requirements 

From 1974 to 1999 the successive implementing rules of the Commission fixed temperature 
at the entry point of drier at 93°C. 

Commission  Regulation  (EC)  No  676/1999,  amending  Commission  Regulation  (EC) 
No 785/95  laying  down  detailed  rules  for  the  application  of  Council  Regulation  (EC) 
No 603/95 on the CMO in dried fodder, introduced a minimum temperature of 350° C at the 
entry  point  of  the  drier,  to  guarantee  the  industrial  character  of  the  products.  This  high 
temperature  requirement  constituted  an  effective  technical  barrier  (and  a  barrier  for  new 

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processors).  It  also  slowed  down  the  development  of  pre-hay  techniques  and  the  use  of 
biomass to fuel driers. 

Following the 2003 reform Commission Regulation (EC) No 382/2005 laying down detailed 
rules  for  the  application  of  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No 1786/2003  reduced  the  minimum 
temperature of driers to 250° C to encourage less energy-intensive methods and to boost the 
use of less wet green fodder. The lower temperature has led to an increase in the use of pre-
hay techniques and enabled the use of biomass, whose calorific power could not attain 350°. 

Recently,  in  order  to  widen  the  scope  for  new  commercial  applications  and  facilitate  the 
development  of  more  efficient  and  environmentally-sound  manufacturing  methods, 
Commission Regulation (EC) No 382/2005,  as amended by Regulation (EC)  No 1388/2007, 
removed the technical requirements for driers in respect of the dehydration of fresh fodder (air 
temperature at the entry point, residence time and bed depth of each layer). 

3. 

STRUCTURE OF THE DRIED FODDER SECTOR 

3.1. 

Surface 

In  the  EU,  green  fodder  represents  approximately  half  the  quantity  of  all  animal  feed 
consumed.  It  is  either  grazed  directly  or  derived  by  cutting  and  conserving  permanent  or 
temporary grassland and pasture and annual or multi-annual crops (lucerne, clover, maize for 
silage, etc.). 

In  the  eight  main  producing  countries  (Spain,  France,  Italy,  the  Netherlands,  Denmark,  the 
Czech  Republic,  United  Kingdom  and  Germany),  which  account  for  96%  of  the  Maximum 
Guaranteed  Quantity,  the  area  under  contract  for  dried  fodder  in  the  2005/2006  marketing 
year was 430 400 ha, or only 1% of the EU's total green fodder area. Of this, 80% or 344 400 
hectares are planted with lucerne (specifically in France, Spain and Italy), and 86 000 hectares 
are  grassland  (mainly  in  Germany,  Denmark  and  the  Netherlands).  This  represents, 
respectively, 24% of the EU's total lucerne area and 0.24% of the total grassland area. 

Although  reliable  data  on  the  area  under  contract  for  production  of  dried  fodder  is  not 
available  for  recent  years,  it  is  estimated  that  this  area  decreased  to  around  415 000  ha  in 
2007/08  (a  reduction  of  3,5%  compared  to  2005/06).  In  contrast,  the  total  area  of  lucerne 
(leguminous fodder) in the EU has remained constant, whereas total grassland area in 2006/07 
has increased by 2%, compared to 2005/06. 

3.2. 

Production 

The  three  major  producers  (France,  Spain  and  Italy)  are  responsible  for  85%  of  EU-27 
production  supported  by  the  CMO.  Two  thirds  of  EU  production  is  concentrated  in  three 
particular  areas  of  these  Member  States:  Champagne-Ardenne  (80%  of  French  production), 
Aragon and Catalonia (75% of Spanish production), and Emilia Romagna and Venezia (75% 
of  Italian  production).  For  these  main  producing  countries  the  area  under  contract  for  dried 
fodder  in  the  2005/2006  marketing  year  was  chiefly  planted  with  lucerne  (98%  in  France, 
97% in Spain and 75% in Italy). In the northern countries, on the other hand, the area under 
contract for dried fodder is mainly made up of grassland (93% in Germany, 80% in Denmark 
and 64% in the Netherlands). At EU level, 80% of the area under contract for dried fodder is 
planted with lucerne. 

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In  the  eight  main  producing  countries2,  around  60  000  farmers  grow  green  fodder  under 
contract  for  processing  aid.  There  are  also  300 processing  plants,  one  third  of  which  are  in 
Spain. 

Direct employment in the processing sector in the EU-27 is estimated at 3 000 FTE (full-time 
equivalents) and indirect employment at 1 500 FTE. 

3.3. 

Place of dried fodder in the feed industry 

The 4 439 000 tonnes of dried fodder eligible for EU support in the 2007/2008 marketing year 
is  equivalent  to  about  700 000  tonnes  of  crude  protein  and  represents  about  1%  of  the  total 
crude protein consumed by EU livestock.  

About 30% of the dried fodder is used by the compound feed industry and the remaining 70% 
is consumed directly by animals. It is estimated that half the direct consumption is in the form 
of pellets, the other half as long bales. 

An estimated 20% of dried fodder demand results from its specific quality (e.g. for the dairy 
and  rabbit  sectors),  whereas  the  remaining  80%  serves  as  a  source  of  protein  and  fibre  and 
could be substituted by other protein and fibre sources. Consequently, dried fodder needs to 
be  offered  at  a  competitive  price  compared  with  other  protein  sources,  such  as  soybean, 
sunflower and rapeseed meal. 

3.4. 

Drying Technology (dehydration / sun-dried fodder) 

Two types of procedure for drying green fodder benefit from aid under the common market 
organisation (CMO): dehydration and sun-drying. 

3.4.1.  Dehydrated fodder 

Dehydration,  a  high-temperature  drying  process,  is  the  dominant  industrial  method  used  by 
undertakings  supported  by  the  CMO.  The  technique  consists  of  injecting  air  at  250–900°C 
into a drier through which green fodder passes. The hot air ensures very rapid drying, which 
makes it possible to preserve the protein, energy value and colour of the fodder. 

The  initial  humidity  rate  of  plants  can  vary  widely,  depending  on  pre-treatment  techniques 
after  harvest  and  according  to  region:  it  can  be  lower  than  40%,  if  fodder  remains  on  the 
ground  for  a  few  hours  after  cutting  (Spain,  Italy),  and  can  reach  more  than  75%  in  the 
northern  regions  of  Europe  where  such  pre-drying  is  not  possible  on  account  of  weather 
conditions (Denmark, Sweden). 

Before  the  2003  reform,  eligible  dehydrated  fodder  was  limited  to  a  Maximum  Guaranteed 
Quantity per marketing year of 4 517 223 tonnes. 

Production  trends  at  national  level  are  very  divergent:  Spain  and  Italy  have  seen  a  strong 
increase  in  dehydrated  fodder  while  other  Member  States  like  France,  the  Netherlands  and 
Germany have seen a decrease. 

2 

Spain, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, United Kingdom and Czech Republic. 

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3.4.2. 

Sun-dried fodder 

Fodder  has  traditionally  been  sun-dried  on  the  field.  The  hay  created  in  this  way  is  then 
conditioned and stored. In order to be eligible for aid, sun-dried fodder  must be milled  in a 
processing  plant.  This  technique  has  not  been  an  alternative  to  dehydration  because  of  an 
alleged  loss  of  quality  in  the  finished  product:  lower  protein  rate  (loss  of  leaf  on  the  field), 
lower  vitamin  and  mineral  content  and  poorer  sanitary  quality  due  to  lower  drying 
temperature. 

Before  the  2003  reform,  eligible  sun-dried  fodder  was  limited  to  a  Maximum  Guaranteed 
Quantity  (MGQ)  per  marketing  year  of  443 500  tonnes.  Only  five  Member  States  benefited 
from the Guaranteed National Quantity (GNQ) for sun-dried fodder. Italy and Spain are the 
only Member States that still have a significant level of production. The other Member States 
have  a  low  level  of  production  (France  and  Portugal)  or  have  now  ceased  production 
altogether (Greece).  

4. 

IMPACT OF PROCESSING AID 

4.1. 

Impact on production  

The  evolution  of  dried  fodder  production  in  the  EU-15  shows  a  progressive  increase  of  2% 
per year in the period 1995–2005. As a result of the 2003 reform, implemented in 2005, the 
eligible  production  of  dehydrated  fodder  in  the  EU  fell  by  about  17%  in  the  2005/2006 
marketing year and by some 23% in the 2006/2007 marketing year, relative to the 2004/2005 
marketing year (see Annex). 

In 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 dried fodder production stabilised at about 4.45 million tonnes, 
of which 3.9 million tonnes is dehydrated and 0.55 million tonnes sun-dried. 

The  2003  reform  has  not  resulted  in  a  significant  switch  from  dehydrated  to  sun-dried 
production. 

4.2. 

Impact on farmers 

An improvement in income was identified as a result of the 2003 reform, because part of the 
former  processing  aid  was  transformed  into  a  decoupled  payment  to  farmers.  But  as  regards 
profitability, the gross margin of green fodder fell, due to a reduction in the producers' selling 
price in the 2005/2006 marketing year compared with the 2004/2005 marketing year. 

However, it is very difficult to establish average figures that accurately reflect the profitability 
of green fodder, because of the variety of production and marketing systems used. 

With  regard  to  farm  management,  the  evaluation  also  shows  that  farmers  increasingly 
outsource sowing and harvesting and other production activities to the processing industry. It 
is  worth  noting  that  the  AND  International  evaluation  shows  that  crops  following  lucerne  in 
rotations  profit  from  its  positive  agronomic  characteristics,  which  leads  to  these  crops 
achieving higher returns. 

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4.3. 

Impact on processors 

The  supply  of  raw  material  to  the  industry  depends  on  processors  being  able  to  offer 
producers  a  price  for  the  raw  product  that  gives  a  competitive  gross  margin  in  comparison 
with  other  crops  (cereals  and  oilseeds).  Considering  the  market  price  levels  of  the  final 
product, as well as processing costs, competitive prices for the raw material (lucerne, grass) 
are highly dependent on Community aid. 

The  competitive  position  of  dried  fodder  vis-à-vis  other  types  of  protein  sources  depends 
largely on energy costs. Consequently, the situation differs substantially between the northern 
regions of the EU, where processors face high drying costs, and the southern regions, where 
lucerne can be pre-dried in the sun to reduce drying costs. 

Taking  into  account  the  importance  of  aid  in  the  industry's  total  receipts,  most  processors, 
mainly in the northern regions, would close down and the related employment would be lost if 
the scheme were to be abolished. 

4.4. 

Impact on the environment 

4.4.1. 

Soil and water 

Lucerne  is  particularly  appreciated  in  rotations  to  avoid  the  monoculture  of  cereals  and  is 
considered more positive for the environment than alternative crops (mainly maize, and to a 
lesser extent wheat), because of its benefits for soil, water, biodiversity and landscape. 

Lucerne  improves  soil  structure,  develops  a  deep  root  system,  is  a  multi-annual  land  cover, 
suffocates  weeds,  limits  eluviations  and  reduces  pesticide  use.  The  capacity  of  leguminous 
crops to fix nitrogen from the air results in lower use of nitrogen fertilizer. Soil losses from 
erosion are much less than for maize. 

Green fodder captures water more efficiently than alternative crops; there is less run-off from 
rain  and  the  soil  has  a  better  water  retention  capacity.  As  a  consequence  of  low  inputs  and 
permanent  cover,  lucerne  has  a  positive  effect  on  water  quality.  In  the  event  of  irrigation, 
lucerne needs 17% more water per year than maize, but this requirement is distributed over 
the year more equally, which avoids summer peaks. 

Multi-annual  implantation,  reduction  of  monoculture  and  diversification  of  habitats  are  all 
regarded as positive for biodiversity and landscape. 

4.4.2.  Fossil fuel consumption 

The  quantity  of  fossil  fuel  used  for  drying  fodder  is  considerable.  The  CMO  allows  high 
energy consumption by the industry, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels, which results 
in heavy greenhouse gas emissions.  

For the 2004/2005 marketing year, which is the last marketing year before the application of 
the  2003  reform,  energy  consumption  by  processors  in  the  eight  main  producing  countries 
represented approximately 526 000 tep (tonnes equivalent petroleum) – 90% from fossil fuels. 

From  the  2005/2006  marketing  year,  there  has  been  a  fall  in  the  production  of  dehydrated 
fodder  and,  therefore,  a  fall  in  fuel  consumption.  From  the  2004/2005  to  the  2006/2007 

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marketing  year,  this  reduction  is  estimated  at  more  than  127 000  tep,  of  which  fossil  fuels 
account for 114 500 tep. 

Energy consumption (8 main countries) 

2004/2005(1) 

2005/2006(1) 

2006/2007(2) 

Member State 

Dried 
fodder 
(million t) 

Germany 

Denmark 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Netherlands 

United Kingdom 

Czech Republic 

Total 

tep/t dried fodder 

0,327 

0,143 

2,166 

1,175 

0,779 

0,194 

0,047 

0,033 

4,864 

tep 

84 086 

31 324 

90 766 

195 833 

64 175 

45 267 

9 182 

5 186 

525 819 

0,1081 

Source: (1) AND International, (2) DG AGRI. 

Dried 
fodder 
(million t) 

0,272 

0,097 

1,793 

1,163 

0,500 

0,182 

0,048 

0,021 

4,076 

Dried 
fodder 
(million t) 

0,239 

0,077 

1,793 

1,004 

0,418 

0,138 

0,041 

0,027 

3,737 

tep 

68 648 

21 248 

62 755 

193 833 

41 310 

42 467 

9 383 

5 250 

444 894 

0,1091 

tep 

54 186 

11 928 

60 440 

205 669 

21 985 

33 591 

7 655 

3 139 

398 593 

0,1067 

The  "tep/t  dried  fodder"  ratio  seems  to  have  remained  constant  over  the  period  from 
2004/2005 to 2006/2007. This implies that per tonne of dried fodder no significant saving of 
energy  as  a  result  of  improved  technology  was  made.  Also  the  lowering  of  the  minimum 
drying  temperature  seems  to  have  had  no  effect  on  energy  consumption  per  tonne  of  dried 
fodder. The reduction of total fuel consumption is directly linked to the fall in production of 
dehydrated  fodder.  Spain  and  Italy  show  the  best  ratio,  but  they  benefit  from  weather 
conditions.  The  Netherlands,  Germany  and  France  use  more  fuel  per  tonne  of  dried  fodder 
owing to less favourable weather conditions. Finally, the UK and Denmark seem to use more 
sustainable technology to produce dried fodder. 

4.4.3.  GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions 

The drying industry's energy use has significant effects as regards consumption of fossil fuel 
resources  and  emissions  of  GHG.  As  well  as  the  environmental  impact  of  using  non-
renewable resources, various pollutant gases and dust are released by the combustion of these 
fuels. In the 2004/2005 marketing year, the overall quantity of GHG released as a result of the 
combustion  of  fossil  fuels  by  dehydration  undertakings 
to 
1 622 000 tonnes equivalent CO2. 

the  EU  amounted 

in 

The reduction in dried fodder production following the 2003 CMO reform has resulted in a 
saving of more than 80 000 tonnes of fuel. In the 2005/2006 marketing year this was equal to 
a reduction of about 250 000 te CO2 GHG emissions, approximately 15% down on the total 
emissions in the previous marketing year. 

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4.5. 

Impact on the animal feed market 

Support  for  dried  fodder  has  had  a  limited  impact  on  EU  production  of  protein  for  animal 
feed.  In  the  2005/2006  marketing  year,  it  represented  about  1%  of  the  total  crude  protein 
consumed  by  EU  livestock.  One  could  remind  that  drying  fodder  is  merely  a  means  of 
preserving the protein content.  

As only 25% of lucerne production is contracted for producing dried fodder, abolition of the 
scheme would not result in the complete disappearance of the crop.  

Soybean  meal  remains  the  primary  source  of  protein  for  the  EU  animal  feed  market, 
representing more than 60% of vegetable protein. Soybean meal has a higher protein content 
(between 40% and 45%) than the alternatives. For soybean meal, the EU depends mainly on 
imports: indeed, domestic soybean production represents only 2% of the EU consumption. 

The  second  source  of  protein  is  rapeseed  meal,  which  has  a  slightly  lower  protein  content 
(between 30% and 35%) and which is essentially produced in Europe. 

As 80% of the demand for dried fodder could be replaced by other sources of protein, mainly 
imported, the EU support scheme is not considered efficient. 

5. 

CONCLUDING REMARKS 

Current scheme advantages 

Current scheme disadvantages 

Producer 

Competitive prices for raw material 

Raw material price dependent on Community aid 

Industry 

Consumer 
(livestock 
owner) 

Environment 

Maintenance 
(approximately 4 500 jobs) 

of 

employment 

Aid = 22% of total receipts 

The  viability  of  most  of 
dependent on EU support 

the 

industry 

is 

Competitive prices for dried fodder 

80%  of  the  demand  for  dried  fodder  could  be 
replaced by other protein sources 

At farm level: positive effects on 
–  soil 
–  quality of water 
–  biodiversity. 

At global level: negative effects on 
–  fossil  fuel  net  balance  (526 000  tep/year  in 

2004/2005) 

–  GHG emissions net balance (1 622 000 te C02 

in 2004/2005). 

On the feed market, dried fodder is already of limited importance as a source of plant protein. 
Developments  on  the  feed  market,  with  increasing  feed  efficiency,  slower  growth  in  meat 
production  and  the  availability  of  cheap  protein-rich  by-products  from  biofuel  production 
further contribute to the marginalisation of dried fodder. 

The profitability of the sector is strongly reliant on aid. The added value of the dried fodder 
sector represents 22% of total receipts, which roughly equals the EU aid budget. 

As  regards  environmental  concerns,  fossil  fuel  consumption  for  producing  dried  fodder  is 
considerable and results in substantial greenhouse gas emissions.  

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On 20 May 2008, the Commission adopted legislative proposals on the Health Check of the 
CAP [COM(2008) 306 final], envisaging among other things the full decoupling of aid for the 
dried  fodder  sector  as  from  1  April  2011  [Article  8(c)  of  the  proposal  for  a  Council 
Regulation  on  modifications  to  the  common  agricultural  policy  by  amending  Regulations 
(EC) No 320/2006, (EC) No 1234/2007, (EC) No 3/2008 and (EC) No […]/2008]. As stated 
in  its  recital  (15)  "the  aid  should  be  decoupled  although  a  short  transitional  period  of  two 
years should be provided for to allow the sector to adjust". 

Therefore, it is not necessary to accompany this report by any separate proposals. 

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EVOLUTION OF ELIGIBLE DRIED FODDER PRODUCTION (tonnes) 

ANNEX 

Dehydrated 

GNQ 

1995/96 

1996/97 

1997/98 

1998/99 

1999/00 

2000/01 

2001/02 

2002/03 

2003/04 

2004/05 

2005/06 

2006/07 

BLEU 
Denmark 
Germany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Netherlands 
Austria 
Portugal 
Finland 
Sweden 
United Kingdom 

8 000 
334 000 
421 000 
32 000 
1 224 000 
1 455 000 
5 000 
523 000 
285 000 
4 400 
5 000 
3 000 
11 000 
102 000 

4 043 
270 695 
342 663 
46 288 
1 261 548 
1 307 201 
4 677 
526 344 
220 783 
2 221 
800 
1 785 
9 493 
71 810 

4 329 
206 784 
300 088 
30 026 
1 413 616 
1 090 997 
5 859 
498 540 
176 387 
1 959 
1 936 
1 325 
7 146 
78 902 

4252 
224 637 
307 729 
38 345 
1 571 256 
1 263 874 
6 288 
561 078 
209 514 
2 132 
3 555 
1 056 
5 286 
83 572 

2786 
266 204 
320 637 
46 195 
1 667 746 
1 346 364 
5 458 
637 826 
223 312 
1 847 
2 507 
1 209 
6 615 
81 378 

1 941 
186 339 
333 899 
51 550 
1 769 309 
1 303 912 
4 941 
674 152 
193 883 
1 978 
935 
495 
6 476 
69 527 

1 740 
168 062 
356 535 
43 637 
1 954 585 
1 224 880 
4 737 
676 847 
214 347 
2 057 
2 209 
572 
6 004 
63 309 

1 088 
147 136 
334 324 
51 160 
1 812 214 
1 166 802 
4 908 
658 562 
181 067 
1 997 
3 691 
518 
7 506 
50 035 

1 596 
147 337 
348 011 
57 833 
1 882 314 
1 093 974 
4 338 
715 757 
203 311 
2 688 
104 
635 
8 659 
48 377 

2 743 
124 316 
250 821 
48 823 
2 058 269 
1 193 269 
4 953 
661 845 
169 889 
1 292 
43 
964 
8 075 
45 262 

3 551 
142 690 
327 449 
49 611 
2 165 614 
1 175 125 
4 546 
778 513 
194 215 
1 794 
263 
527 
6 196 
47 232 

0 
91 580 
274 287 
49 475 
1 793 801 
1 156 929 
3 974 
474 112 
177 697 
2 087 
0 
463 
4 440 
48 936 

0 
76 862 
239 365 
34 668 
1 792 986 
1 003 591 
4 002 
418 327 
137 576 
1 783 
0 
124 
6 443 
40 616 

TOTAL EU-15 

4 412 400 

4 070 351 

3 817 894 

4 282 574 

4 610 084 

4 599 337 

4 719 521 

4 421 008 

4 514 934 

4 570 564 

4 897 326 

4 077 782 

3 756 342 

Czech Republic 
Lithuania 
Hungary 
Poland 
Slovakia 

27 942 
650 
49 593 
13 538 
13 100 

TOTAL EU-12 

104 823 

TOTAL EU-27 

4 517 223 

27 
1 
57 
5 
3 

92 

32 522 
509 
49 724 
4 715 
3 026 

90 495 

27 264 
856 
36 405 
4 168 
2 512 

71 204 

4 897 418 

4 168 277 

3 827 547 

Sun-dried 

GNQ 

1995/96 

1996/97 

1997/98 

1998/99 

1999/00 

2000/01 

2001/02 

2002/03 

2003/04 

2004/05 

2005/06 

2006/07 

Greece 
Spain 
France 
Italy 
Portugal 

TOTAL EU-27 

5 500 
101 000 
150 000 
162 000 
25 000 

443 500 

2 550 
40 716 
165 830 
190 146 
3 144 

402 386 

1 630 
36 628 
86 048 
124 520 
3 996 

252 823 

114 
52 582 
14 478 
86 724 
2 526 

0 
92 814 
3 725 
53 462 
1 365 

0 
84 726 
2 513 
72 920 
1 622 

156 424 

151 366 

161 781 

0 
108 250 
2 742 
90 018 
1 555 

202 565 

0 
226 792 
4 368 
74 187 
565 

305 912 

0 
104 955 
2 585 
107 352 
934 

215 826 

0 
117 837 
2 212 
91 733 
1 784 

213 566 

0 
95 197 
2 675 
66 787 
1 742 

166 401 

0 
119 465 
3 157 
325 130 
2 441 

450 193 

205 
119 256 
3 087 
395 741 
1 717 

520 006 

EN 

11 

EN