Communication from the Commission on the results of the risk evaluation and the risk reduction strategies for the substances: 2-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (Text with EEA relevance)
Date: 2008-05-31
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: chemical product, consumer protection, dangerous substance, environmental protection, environmental risk prevention, health risk, occupational safety, public health

C 134/4

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

31.5.2008

Communication from the Commission on the results of the risk evaluation and the risk reduction
strategies for the substances: 2-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene

(Text with EEA relevance)

(2008/C 134/02)

Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 of 23 March 1993 on the evaluation and control of the risks of
existing substances (1) involves the data reporting, priority setting, risk evaluation and, where necessary,
development of strategies for limiting the risks of existing substances.

In the framework of Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 the following substances have been identified as priority
substances for evaluation in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2364/2000 concerning the
fourth list (2) of priority substances as foreseen under Regulation (EEC) No 793/93:

— 2-nitrotoluene,

— 2,4-dinitrotoluene.

The rapporteur Member State designated pursuant to those Regulations has completed the risk evaluation
activities with regard to man and the environment for those substances in accordance with Commission
Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 of 28 June 1994 laying down the principles for the assessment of risks to man
and the environment of existing substances (3) and have suggested a strategy for limiting the risks in accord-
ance with Regulation (EEC) No 793/93.

The Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) has been consulted and has issued an
opinion with respect to the risk evaluations carried out by the rapporteur. These opinions can be found on
the website of the Scientific Committee.

Article 11(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 stipulates that the results of the risk evaluation and the recom-
mended strategy for limiting the risks shall be adopted at Community level and published by the Commis-
sion.
corresponding Commission Recommendation
the
2008/405/EC (4), provides the results of risk evaluations (5) and strategies for limiting the risks for the above
mentioned substances.

This Communication,

together with

The results of the risk evaluation and strategies for limiting the risks provided for in this communication are
in accordance with the opinion of the Committee set up pursuant to Article 15(1) of Regulation (EEC)
No 793/93.

(1) OJ L 84, 5.4.1993, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 273, 26.10.2000, p. 1.
(3) OJ L 161, 29.6.1994, p. 3.
(4) OJ L 141, 31.5.2008.
(5) The comprehensive Risk Assessment Report, as well as a summary thereof, can be found on the Internet site of the

European Chemicals Bureau:
http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-substances/

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Official Journal of the European Union

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ANNEX

PART 1

CAS No 88-72-2

Einecs No 201-853-3

Structural formula:

Einecs name:

IUPAC name:

Rapporteur:

Classification (1):

2-nitrotoluene

2-nitrotoluene

Spain

Carc. Cat. 2; R45

Muta. Cat. 2; R46

Repr. Cat. 3; R62

Xn; R22

N; R51-53

The risk assessment (2) is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported
into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State
Rapporteur.

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community the substance
2-nitrotoluene is used in the synthesis of intermediates for the manufacture of agricultural and rubber chemicals, explo-
sives, heat sensitive colorants, azo and sulphur dyes, and in the organic synthesis of a wide variety of compounds
including petrochemicals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The 2-nitrotoluene is mainly synthesised by the nitration of
toluene and once manufactured is largely used on-site for production of o-toluidine or 2,4-dinitrotoluene.

This substance has not been tested for sensitisation and consequently the risk assessment does not evaluate the risks to
any population of sensitisation. This test has not been required, as the substance has been identified as a non-threshold
carcinogen, which will require control measures that would not be influenced by further information on whether the
substance is a sensitiser or not.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A. Human Health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks during production and further processing. This conclusion is
reached because:

— concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and dermal exposure,

— concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility and development) as a consequence of

dermal exposure.

(1) This chemical substance is included in the Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC. The classification of the substance is established by
Commission Directive 2004/73/EC of 29 April 2004 adapting to technical progress for the 29th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC
on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of
dangerous substances (OJ L 152, 30.4.2004, p. 1, amended by OJ L 216, 16.6.2004, p. 3).

(2) The comprehensive Risk Assessment Report, as well as a summary thereof, can be found on the Internet site of the European Chemicals

Bureau:
http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-substances/

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Official Journal of the European Union

31.5.2008

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— exposure of consumers is not assumed to exist.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

— concerns for carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from a local site, and for muta-
genicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from all local sites as well as from regional exposure
resulting from production and further processing of the substance.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered

sufficient.

B. Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including STP and sediment) and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk

reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk

reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

for WORKERS

The legislation for workers' protection currently in force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate
framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

for HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

The existing legislative measures for the protection of humans exposed via the environment, in particular the provisions
under Council Directive 2008/1/EC ( 1), are considered sufficient to address identified risk to the general public.

(1) OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.

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Official Journal of the European Union

C 134/7

PART 2

CAS No 121-14-2

Einecs No 204-450-0

Structural formula:

Einecs name:

IUPAC name:

Rapporteur:

Classification (1):

2,4-dinitrotoluene

1,3-dinitro-4-methylbenzene

Spain

Carc. Cat. 2; R45

Muta. Cat. 3; R68

Repr.Cat. 3; R62

T; R23/24/25

Xn; R48/22

N; R51-53

The risk assessment (2) is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported
into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State
Rapporteur.

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community the substance
2,4-dinitrotoluene is used as a chemical
from
toluene-2,4-diamine (TDA). This application uses about 99 % of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene production.

intermediate in the production of

toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI),

RISK ASSESSMENT

A. Human health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

— concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and dermal exposure arising from all

worker scenarios,

— concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility) as a consequence of dermal exposure

arising from manufacture and use of explosives,

— concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility) as a consequence of inhalation arising from

manufacture of explosives.

(1) The classification of the substance is established by Commission Directive 2004/73/EC of 29 April 2004 adapting to technical progress
for the 29th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to
the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (OJ L 152, 30.4.2004, p. 1 corrected by OJ L 216, 16.6.2004, p. 3).
(2) The comprehensive Risk Assessment Report, as well as a summary thereof, can be found on the Internet site of the European Chemicals

Bureau:
http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-substances/

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Official Journal of the European Union

31.5.2008

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— exposure of consumers is not assumed to exist.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

— concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from one

local scenario.

Risks can not be excluded for all other exposure scenarios, as the substance is identified as a non-threshold carcinogen.
The adequacy of existing controls and the feasibility and practicability of further specific measures should be considered.
However, the risk assessment indicates that risks are already low. This should be taken into account when considering the
adequacy of existing controls and the feasibility and practicability of further specific risk reduction measures.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered

sufficient.

B. Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk

reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including sediment)

is that there is a need for limiting the risks; risk reduction measures which are already being applied shall be taken into
account.

The risk assessment shows that there is a need for risk reduction measures for the aquatic compartment and for sedi-
ment-dwelling organisms on one local site. It is expected that any risk reduction measure for surface water would also
reduce the risks for sediments.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those
which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

— the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered

sufficient.

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Official Journal of the European Union

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for WORKERS

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

The legislation for workers' protection currently in force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate
framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

for HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

The existing legislative measures for the protection of humans exposed via the environment, in particular the provisions
under Directive 2008/1/EC, are considered sufficient to address identified risks to the general public.

for ENVIRONMENT

To facilitate permitting and monitoring under Directive 2008/1/EC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) 2,4-DNT
should be included in the ongoing work to develop guidance on ‘Best Available Techniques’ (BAT).