European Parliament resolution of 31 January 2008 on an Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential (2007/2106(INI))
Date: 2008-01-31
Institutions: Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, European Parliament
Subjects: energy consumption, energy policy, energy saving, energy supply, energy use, price of energy, resolution (EU), sustainable development

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Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential

P6_TA(2008)0033

European Parliament resolution of 31 January 2008 on an Action Plan for Energy Efficiency:
Realising the Potential (2007/2106(INI))

The European Parliament,

(2009/C 68 E/04)

— having regard to the Commission Communication entitled Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising

the Potential (COM(2006)0545),

— having regard to the Commission staff working document (SEC(2006)1173) accompanying the above-

mentioned Commission Communication,

— having regard to the impact assessment of

the Action Plan (SEC(2006)1174), and the executive

summary (SEC(2006)1175),

— having regard to the Commission Communication entitled An Energy Policy

for Europe

(COM(2007)0001),

— having regard to the Presidency Conclusions of the European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007 concern-
ing the Council's endorsement of a ‘European Council Action Plan (2007-2009) — Energy Policy for
Europe’ (7224/07),

— having regard to Council Directive 92/75/EEC of 22 September 1992 on the indication by labelling
and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by household
appliances (1),

— having regard to Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December

2002 on the energy performance of buildings (2),

— having regard to Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February
2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy
market (3),

— having regard to Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005
establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-using products (4),

— having regard to Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006

on energy end-use efficiency and energy services (5),

— having regard to Council Decision 2006/1005/EC of 18 December 2006 concerning the conclusion of
the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the European Community
on the coordination of energy-efficiency labelling programmes for office equipment (6) and to the text
of the abovementioned agreement (7),

— having regard to the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a

Community energy-efficiency labelling programme for office equipment (COM(2006)0576),

— having regard to Decision No 1639/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
24 October 2006 establishing a Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (2007 to
2013) (8) and in particular its Chapter III of Title II thereof, concerning the Intelligent Energy-Europe
Programme,

(1) OJ L 297, 13.10.1992, p. 16. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament

and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).

(2) OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p. 65.
(3) OJ L 52, 21.2.2004, p. 50.
(4) OJ L 191, 22.7.2005, p. 29.
(5) OJ L 114, 27.4.2006, p. 64.
(6) OJ L 381, 28.12.2006, p. 24.
(7) OJ L 381, 28.12.2006, p. 26.
(8) OJ L 310, 9.11.2006, p. 15.

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— having regard to Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for
research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013) (1),

— having regard to Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
19 March 2001 allowing voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management
and audit scheme (EMAS) (2),

— having regard to its resolution of 1 June 2006 on Energy efficiency or doing more with less — Green

Paper (3),

— having regard to its resolution of 14 December 2006 on a European Strategy for Sustainable, Compe-

titive and Secure Energy — Green Paper (4),

— having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

— having regard to the report of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the opinions of the
Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and
Food Safety and the Committee on Regional Development (A6-0003/2008),

A. whereas chaotic climate change will result if global temperatures rise by more than two degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels, as is attested to, inter alia, by the May 2007 report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change; whereas drastic cuts in carbon emissions are necessary by 2015 if the rise in
global temperatures is to be kept to no more than two degrees Celsius; whereas using energy more
efficiently is the most immediate and most cost-effective way of reducing carbon emissions;

B. whereas energy efficiency has a crucial role to play in reducing the European Union's dependency on
energy imports, in tackling the future penury of energy sources and in limiting the effect of energy
price shocks;

C. whereas the impact assessment relating to the Action Plan for Energy Efficiency acknowledged a lack of
enforcement capabilities at all policy-making levels within the Commission and estimated that an addi-
tional 20 staff would be needed in order to make the Action Plan a success;

D. whereas Directive 2002/91/EC has been properly transposed by only five Member States;

E. whereas Directive 2006/32/EC requires Member States to submit a National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan (NEEAP) to the Commission by 30 June 2007; whereas by 1 September 2007 the Commission
had received only nine NEEAPs, and by 10 January 2008 still only seventeen NEEAPs;

F. whereas implementation by the Member States of Directive 2004/8/EC is late and far from perfect;

G. whereas the European Union is one of the richest and most technologically advanced regions of the
world; whereas the European Union has increased its economic output by nearly 40 % and average per
capita income by a third since 1990;whereas, over the same period, demand for energy and power
resources grew by only 11 %;

H. whereas information and communication technologies — if given the right policy signals — could
generate additional productivity gains beyond the EU's 20 % target; whereas certain technologies such
as smart grid technology, intelligent management systems and speckled computing technologies should
therefore be the subject of effective policy recommendations;

1. Welcomes the abovementioned 2006 Action Plan for Energy Efficiency and applauds its objectives and
scope;

Considers that a target of improving energy efficiency by over 20 % by 2020,

2.
in addition to any
improvements due to autonomous structural or price effects, is entirely feasible technically and economic-
ally, and calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that this objective as well as the climate
change targets are met;

(1) OJ L 412, 30.12.2006, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 114, 24.4.2001, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 (OJ L 363,

20.12.2006, p. 1).

(3) OJ C 298 E, 8.12.2006, p. 273.
(4) OJ C 317 E, 23.12.2006, p. 876.

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Notes with grave concern that implementation by Member States of existing legislation on energy

3.
efficiency is incomplete and behind schedule;

4.

Stresses the need for the energy-efficiency policy to be implemented at all levels of government;

Regrets that implementation by Member States of Directive 2004/8/EC is incomplete and far behind

5.
schedule;

6.
Censures the failure to put in place the number of Commission officials needed in order to ensure that
both the Action Plan and the energy efficiency legislation on which it builds are implemented fully and
promptly;

7.
Deplores the fact that, of 21 Commission actions scheduled in the Action Plan for completion in
2007, only three had been fully implemented by 1 September 2007, while noting that, by 30 October
2007, 16 of those 21 actions were reported by the Commission to be ‘well on track’; deplores the severe
slippage in the timetable for the adoption of minimum energy performance standards for priority product
groups;

8.
Censures the failure of many Member State governments to prioritise full and prompt transposition of,
and compliance with, energy efficiency legislation, despite rhetoric about tackling climate change and redu-
cing EU energy imports;

9.
Urges the Commission to speed up the drafting of the future memorandum of understanding on
cooperation with the Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER), which will lay down common guide-
lines and a common code of conduct, with a view to improving the efficiency of final energy use in all
sectors;

Calls for an urgent and frank assessment, in the Commission and in each Member State, of the
10.
capacity shortfalls and other barriers which to date have led to inadequate implementation of energy effi-
ciency legislation, and of how these shortfalls and barriers can be overcome;

Notes in particular the widespread lack of simple, immediate information and organisational support
11.
on energy efficiency at the point of need, which may arise suddenly (e.g. when a domestic appliance or
other equipment breaks down) or be connected with particular events (e.g. moving house); believes that a
lack of attention to the practical needs of citizens is undermining many energy efficiency schemes and
therefore stresses the importance of practical help and up-front funding;

12.
Emphasises that information and communication technologies (ICTs) should be promoted as a key
element in driving forward energy saving in various sectors such as transport, construction, energy and
manufacturing; in this context, welcomes the Commission's study to assess the potential contribution of
various leading-edge technologies based on ICTs to improving the energy efficiency of the EU economy and
reducing green house gas emissions by 2020; urges the Commission to include intelligent management
systems in general, and smart grid technologies and embedded systems in particular, in the matters covered
by that study;

Equipment and appliances

13. Welcomes the strategy of adopting minimum energy performance standards and calls on the Com-
mission to establish and apply them by 2008 for air conditioning and all types of television set-top boxes;
urges that this be done in conjunction with a dynamic revision of labelling and notes that the CE marking
can support the enforcement of minimum energy performance standards; calls on the Member States to
devote more resources to market surveillance;

14.
Approves the adding of domestic lighting to the list of priority product groups and stresses the
importance of the Commission's keeping to the proposed timetable for the withdrawal of the most ineffi-
cient lightbulbs from the market, in line with the European Council conclusions of March 2007;

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Notes recent progress in LED lamp technology; calls on the Commission to explore ways of advan-

15.
cing research into LED lamps and of increasing their use;

Thursday 31 January 2008

Urges the Commission to establish timetables for the withdrawal from the market of all the least

16.
energy-efficient items of equipment, appliances and other energy-using products, such as patio heaters;

17. Welcomes the emphasis on stand-by loss reduction and on the increasing availability of products and
technologies which ensure that energy-using goods and appliances use energy only when it is actually
needed; calls on the Commission to come forward with a ‘one watt’ stand-by performance requirement
and an analysis of the potential energy savings to be made from both minimising and eliminating non-
essential stand-by mode consumption, particularly passive stand-by;

18. Welcomes the signing of a new Energy Star Agreement with the United States establishing common
energy efficiency standards for office equipment, and particularly the inclusion in the implementing regula-
tion of a mandatory public procurement provision; urges the Commission to take forward negotiations on
extending the scope of EU-US Energy Star cooperation to other products, in line with the commitment
made at the EU-US summit of 30 April 2007;

19. Welcomes the proposal to establish by 2010 minimum performance standards for all other signifi-
cant energy-using appliances and equipment; calls on the Commission to start with the least energy-efficient
products on the market;

Supports the Commission in its efforts to formulate criteria for the eco-labelling of heating and
20.
cooling technologies, covering in particular primary energy use, with a view to ensuring that users are
guaranteed reliable information on the most effective and environmentally-friendly options available on
the market for equipment for the heating and cooling of buildings;

21.
Urges rigorous implementation of the 2006 requirements relating to the installation of smart meters
in order to raise consumer awareness of electricity use, to help electricity suppliers manage demand more
effectively and to help improve the requirements relating to energy-efficiency statistics;

22.
Calls for the formulation of a standard for intelligent heat meters to be used in central heating
systems and remote heating networks with a view to encouraging end users to behave more responsibly
(‘pay for what you use’) and to getting rid of fixed-cost systems, which have the opposite effect;

23.
Takes the view that industrial technologies should ensure that less energy is used in production
processes; believes that considerable energy savings could be made by reducing the weight of road vehicles
and other means of transport;

Building performance requirements

Urges the Commission to expedite infringement procedures against those Member States which have

24.
not properly transposed or fully implemented Directive 2002/91/EC;

25.
Given the long life of buildings, notes the paramount importance of ensuring that new buildings are
constructed to the highest energy-efficiency standards possible and that existing buildings are upgraded
to contemporary standards; considers that the demolition of energy-inefficient buildings, combined with
the construction of new energy-efficient buildings, might sometimes be supported as an alternative to
refurbishment;

Calls on the Commission to revise Directive 2002/91/EC so as to include, within the scope of

26.
Article 6 from 2009 onwards, all buildings requiring heating or cooling, regardless of their size;

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Calls on the Commission, in its review of the performance of boilers, to have regard to the fact that
cogeneration (micro combined heat and power) boilers are by far the most efficient, and to set minimum
performance requirements for boilers accordingly;

28. Welcomes the proposal to lay down minimum performance requirements for new and renovated
buildings and for building components such as windows and window films;

Calls on the Commission to propose a binding requirement that all new buildings needing to be
29.
heated and/or cooled be constructed to passive house or equivalent non-residential standards from 2011
onwards, and a requirement to use passive heating and cooling solutions from 2008;

Calls on the Commission to consider the gradual introduction of district heating and cooling grids
30.
for all buildings in order to reduce fossil fuel use in heating and cooling by utilising the losses occurring in
the transformation of energy;

Calls on the Commission to consider architectural solutions for passive heating and cooling, such as
31.
construction structures with thermal properties, when considering taxation and other measures for promot-
ing energy efficiency;

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote district cooling from renewable sources

32.
of energy as an efficient alternative to meeting the growing demand for comfort cooling;

33.
Calls on the Commission to create a transparent database, accessible to Union citizens, of national,
regional and local measures promoting energy efficiency in buildings, in particular financing measures, in
the interests of the exchange of best practices in the EU and of public information and awareness;

Power generation and distribution

34.
Urges Member States to include in their NEEAPs plans to increase high-efficiency cogeneration and to
move towards the holistic planning and fostering of electricity, heating and cooling supply and urges the
Commission to look unfavourably on NEEAPs which fail to do this; more generally urges the Member States
to promote measures to encourage the use of, and remove administrative barriers to, small-scale and micro
cogeneration;

35.
Points out that transport and distribution are among the sources of energy losses and causes of
power cuts and stresses the role that microgeneration and decentralised and diversified generation might
play in guaranteeing supply security and reducing losses; considers that incentives should be created aimed
at improving infrastructure with a view to reducing transmission and distribution losses;

Calls on the Commission to pay greater attention to the heat market, as heat represents the largest
36.
share of energy consumption, and to instruments (urban planning, heat mapping, investment incentives)
that will allow the recovery of surplus heat from renewable sources through the development of district
heating and cooling infrastructures;

Calls on the Commission to monitor closely the implementation of Directive 2004/8/EC and
for high-efficiency

37.
to assess whether support schemes are adequate to harness the national potential
cogeneration;

38.
Draws the Commission's attention to the need for local cooling networks to be introduced as an
effective alternative response to the growing demand for comfort cooling and also to the need for a drastic
reduction in related CO2 emissions;

39.
Calls on the Commission to extend the scope of existing financial incentives to developments which
enable energy produced from renewable sources to be fed into existing networks set up for fossil fuel
energy; considers that improving existing networks would significantly increase the efficiency of energy
production from renewable sources in a shorter time and for less cost, at the same time helping to increase
security of supply as a result of such timely improvements;

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Transport

40.
Calls on the Commission to set minimum energy performance requirements for all transport modes,
including public transport; stresses the need for an energy-efficient transport policy giving preference to
public transport, cycling and walking in urban areas; welcomes the Green Paper on Urban Transport and
calls on the Commission to launch an initiative specifically concerning urban transport and the issue of
integrating climate protection, energy saving and public health in a sustainable mobility policy for towns
and cities; encourages urban authorities in the EU to consider measures to reduce CO2 emissions from cars
and from passenger car traffic, for example by means of congestion charges; recalls that binding annual car
emissions in respect of all new passenger cars sold contribute to the EU reaching its binding CO2 targets;

41.
Calls for Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December
1999 relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions in respect
of the marketing of new passenger cars to enable car labelling using a clear multi-class rating system as used
in appliance labelling (currently the seven-class A to G scale) (1); proposes that a minimum of 20 % of any
space devoted to the advertising and marketing of new cars should provide information on fuel efficiency
and emissions;

42.
Regrets also that the directive proposed in respect of passenger car taxation, aimed at reducing CO2
emissions in line with the EU's commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, has still not been adopted by the
Council, and urges its rapid adoption and implementation;

43.
Calls on the Commission to devise a framework strategy to facilitate substantive improvements to the
efficiency of urban and suburban public transport, requiring operators of urban and suburban public trans-
port systems to conduct studies and feasibility studies focusing on system-related efficiency and service
levels, the strategy in question being geared to adjusting the establishment of horizontal support schemes
aimed at developing public transport systems in such a way that those schemes comply with stricter condi-
tions regarding efficiency and consistency;

44. Welcomes the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking, the aim of which is to produce greener, more environ-
mentally sustainable and energy-efficient aircraft;

Financial arrangements and regional policy

45.
Notes the importance of access to structural funding in the financing of energy efficiency, through
bodies such as the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
and also through private banking schemes;

46.
Calls on the Commission to raise from 3 % to a minimum of 5 % the proportion of structural and
cohesion funding which should be spent on improving the energy efficiency of existing homes, and to
require Member States to take full advantage of this opportunity;

47.
Regrets the complexity of much EU funding for energy efficiency, notwithstanding the existence of
the Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises Initiative (Jeremie); notes that the lack
of simple and accessible funding constitutes a huge barrier for small businesses and micro-businesses in
particular, which do not have the necessary capacity to access complex programmes;

Notes the vital importance of research and development and innovation in the area of energy effi-
48.
ciency; urges Member States, regional authorities,
local authorities and NGOs to take advantage of the
funding available under the Seventh Framework Programme, the Structural Funds and the Competitiveness
and Innovation Framework Programme/Intelligent Energy Europe, which are intended to stimulate research
into energy efficiency and to promote renewable energy technologies and the development of new modes of
energy transport and storage designed to reduce energy losses; urges the Commission to respond generously
to calls for funding for research into energy efficiency; calls on the Commission and the Member States to
ensure that energy efficiency is given high priority in the sustained efforts that are to be made to maximise
the use of EU research and technology development programmes;

(1) OJ L 12, 18.1.2000, p. 16.

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Calls for micro businesses to be treated like domestic households and offered very simple financing

49.
for energy-efficiency improvements, such as upfront grants;

Calls on the Commission to support state aid rules that are more favourable to energy efficiency
50.
measures (such as eco-innovation and productivity improvements); believes that such rules should be simple,
practical and transparent, removing barriers to the effective implementation of energy-efficiency measures;

51.
Calls on the Commission, as a matter of the utmost urgency, to put forward proposals for specific
measures aimed at achieving greater energy efficiency in the outermost regions, geared to their particular
characteristics resulting from the effects of the permanent constraints to which those regions are subject;

52.
Stresses the role of local and regional energy agencies in the effective implementation of energy-
efficient measures; calls for the involvement of all agencies (European, national and local) in the formulation
and implementation of energy-efficiency action plans;

Taxation

53.
Calls on the Council to encourage the Member States to apply a reduced rate of value added tax on
labour, materials and components which improve energy efficiency in buildings; calls on the Council to
ensure that the overall tax system reflects, in a coherent way, the aim of improving energy efficiency in
buildings;

54.
Encourages Member States to make full use of the possibility of a reduced rate of VAT on labour in
the renovation and repair of private dwellings to improve energy efficiency; welcomes the Commission's
decision to evaluate the effectiveness of tax credits both for consumers buying the most energy-efficient
appliances and for undertakings which produce and promote such equipment;

55. Notes that taxation falls within the competence of the Member States; notes that taxation measures
chosen by Member States may be an element of all NEEAPs; advocates the internalisation of environmental
costs;

Calls on all Member States to introduce specific incentives to encourage households, micro-businesses

56.
and private landlords to pursue energy-efficiency measures and buy energy-efficient products;

Considers that tax incentives could in certain circumstances be available for the demolition of

57.
energy-inefficient buildings, when combined with the construction of new energy-efficient buildings;

Changing behaviour

58.

Points to the major role to be played by the public sector in promoting energy-efficient solutions;

59.
Agrees that education and training programmes relating to energy efficiency have a key role to play,
particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises; notes that energy education should start at a very early
age with the incorporation of related courses within the educational programmes of schools throughout the
EU; notes that rolling out innovative techniques for construction and energy management will require a
large cadre of appropriately skilled workers; is concerned that Member States have not yet produced ade-
quate training programmes for energy-efficiency related skills; calls for human resource requirements to be
regarded as an essential element of NEEAPs;

Encourages regional and local authorities to develop close partnerships with regional energy agencies
60.
in order to improve training facilities for energy technicians and professionals working in related sectors;
stresses the need for more coordinated networks of local actors in order to disseminate best practices in
energy efficiency to less developed regions;

61.
Stresses the role that public procurement, as well as services such as energy audits might play in
reducing waste and promoting the improved exploitation of each building's energy potential; urges the
Member States and their regional, local and other public authorities to be the first to set an example, not
only in administrative buildings but also in other public buildings such as schools, universities and hospitals
and in entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services;

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62.
Calls on the Commission to increase research into behavioural economics and human decision-mak-
ing so as to help to tailor future energy-efficiency information campaigns (such as the Sustainable Energy
Europe Campaign) and thus maximise their benefits;

Agrees that energy efficiency starts at home; calls on the Commission, the Council and its own
63.
departments to take the lead by requiring exemplary energy performance standards to be set for all EU
institution buildings, as part of a wider audit of energy use by the institutions which should embrace work-
ing and travel arrangements, incentives and locations, as well as equipment and procurement;

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to organise — on an annual basis — a European

64.
Action Day on Energy Efficiency;

65.
Notes that the high-tech sector can play a crucial role in raising consumer awareness and increasing
the willingness of consumers to contribute to energy efficiency by offering products that are both energy-
efficient and of an improved standard;

66.
Considers that energy service contracts between energy suppliers and consumers are an effective
means of increasing the efficiency of heating and cooling installations; calls on the Commission to remove
the administrative and legal barriers to the conclusion of such contracts;

Cities

Recognises the importance of exchanging and promoting best urban practices in relation to energy

67.
efficiency; suggests that the existing Eurocities forum could be an effective vehicle for doing this;

Urges the Commission and the other EU institutions to work together with the big cities in the EU,

68.
favouring budgets for twinning and the exchange of good practices between the major cities;

69. Welcomes the Covenant of Mayors initiative, bringing together in a permanent network the mayors
of 20 to 30 of Europe's largest and most pioneering cities, and calls for further details regarding its estab-
lishment; emphasises, however, that the Covenant of Mayors must complement the activities of similar net-
works which already exist;

The global dimension

70.
Supports the Commission in its proposal to set up the Platform for International Cooperation on
Energy Efficiency; calls on the Member States and the Commission to enhance international cooperation in
the energy-efficiency field so as to ensure that new regulations and standards do not fragment the global
market; calls for these international — bilateral and multilateral — agreements to embrace not only a shared
commitment to minimum energy-efficiency performance standards but also the sharing of energy-efficiency
technology; notes the strategic imperative of technology diffusion, which requires a public-interest approach
to intellectual property rights;

71.
Acknowledges the ongoing work at technical level on shared energy-efficiency standards, particularly
with China; is concerned that this work is undermined by the lack of coordination between Member States,
giving rise to confusion in third countries; calls for an integrated approach with regard to standards;

72.
Notes the widespread concern that Russia will not be able to meet its domestic and contractual gas
demand, and urges the Commission, in the interests of energy security, to commit greater resources to the
EU-Russia Energy Efficiency Dialogue, with particular attention being paid to the upgrading of Russian
district heating networks and to the utilisation of gas currently flared on oil fields;

73. Welcomes the Council initiative for an Africa-EU Energy Partnership, and calls for this partnership to
prioritise energy-efficient and sustainable growth in Africa;

*

*

*

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the parliaments

74.
and governments of the Member States.