Regulation (EC) No 1445/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2007 establishing common rules for the provision of basic information on Purchasing Power Parities and for their calculation and dissemination (Text with EEA relevance )
Date: 2007-12-11
Institutions: Council of the European Union, European Parliament
Subjects: EU statistics, Eurostat, Structural Funds, data collection, data transmission, eligible region, purchasing power parity, statistical method

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I

(Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is obligatory)

REGULATIONS

REGULATION (EC) No 1445/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 11 December 2007

establishing common rules for the provision of basic information on Purchasing Power Parities and
for their calculation and dissemination

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EURO-
PEAN UNION,

(3)

Member States are encouraged to produce data for regional
PPPs.

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Commu-
nity, and in particular Article 285(1) thereof,

(4)

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and
Social Committee (1),

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251
of the Treaty (2),

Whereas:

(1)

(2)

In order to obtain a direct comparison of Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in volume terms between Member States, it
is essential for the Community to have Purchasing Power
Parities (hereinafter referred to as ‘PPPs’) which eliminate
the differences in the level of prices between Member
States.

The Community PPPs need to be produced in accordance
with a harmonised methodology, consistent with Council
Regulation (EC) No 2223/96 of 25 June 1996 on the Euro-
pean system of national and regional accounts in the Com-
munity (3) which lays down a framework for
the
construction of national accounts in the Member States.

(1) OJ C 318, 23.12.2006, p. 45.
(2) Position of the European Parliament of 26 April 2007 (not yet pub-
lished in the Official Journal) and Council Decision of 13 November
2007.

(3) OJ L 310, 30.11.1996, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regula-
tion (EC) No 1267/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Coun-
cil (OJ L 180, 18.7.2003, p. 1).

Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 of 11 July 2006
laying down general provisions on the European Regional
Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the
Cohesion Fund (4) provides that the regions eligible for
funding from the Structural Funds under the convergence
objective are to be regions corresponding to level 2 of the
common classification of territorial units for statistics
within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May
2003 on the establishment of a common classification of
territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (5). The GDP per capita
of such regions, measured in PPPs and calculated on the
basis of Community figures for the period 2000 to 2002,
is less than 75 % of the average GDP of the EU-25 for the
same reference period. In the absence of regional PPPs,
national PPPs should serve to establish the list of regions
which could benefit from the Structural Funds. National
PPPs can also be used to determine the amount of funds to
be allocated to each region.

(5)

Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 provides that the Member
States eligible for funding from the Cohesion Fund are to
be those whose gross national income (GNI) per capita,
measured in PPPs and calculated on the basis of Commu-
nity figures for the period 2001 to 2003, is less than 90 %
of the average GNI of the EU-25 and which have a pro-
gramme for meeting the economic convergence conditions
referred to in Article 104 of the Treaty.

(4) OJ L 210, 31.7.2006, p. 25. Regulation as amended by Regulation (EC)

No 1989/2006 (OJ L 411, 30.12.2006, p. 6).

(5) OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commis-

sion Regulation (EC) No 105/2007 (OJ L 39, 10.2.2007, p. 1).

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

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Article 1 of Annex XI to the Staff Regulations of officials
of the European Communities, laid down in Regulation
(EEC, Euratom, ECSC) No 259/68 of the Council (1) (here-
inafter referred to as ‘Staff Regulations’) provides that, for
the purposes of the review provided for in Article 65(1) of
the Staff Regulations, the Commission (Eurostat) are to
draw up every year before the end of October a report on
changes in the cost of living in Brussels, the economic pari-
ties between Brussels and certain places in the Member
States, and changes in the purchasing power of salaries in
national civil services in central government.

Every year the Commission (Eurostat) already collects basic
information on PPPs from the Member States on a volun-
tary basis. This operation has become an established prac-
tice in the Member States. However, a legal framework is
necessary to ensure the sustainable development, produc-
tion and dissemination of PPPs.

HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

Objective

The objective of this Regulation is to establish common rules for
the provision of basic information on PPPs, and for their calcula-
tion and dissemination.

Article 2

Scope

The basic information to be provided shall be those data

1.
necessary to calculate and ensure the quality of PPPs.

Provision of preliminary results on a regular basis, as is
currently the practice, should be maintained in order to
keep the most recent possible figures available.

That basic information shall include prices, GDP expenditure
weights and other data listed in Annex I.

The measures necessary for the implementation of this
Regulation should be adopted in accordance with Council
Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the
procedures for the exercise of implementing powers con-
ferred on the Commission (2).

In particular, power should be conferred on the Commis-
sion to adapt the definitions, to adjust the basic headings
in Annex II and to define quality criteria. Since those mea-
sures are of general scope and designed to amend non-
inter alia by
essential elements of
supplementing it with new non-essential elements, they
must be adopted in accordance with the regulatory proce-
dure with scrutiny laid down in Article 5a of Decision
1999/468/EC.

this Regulation,

Since the objective of this Regulation, namely the establish-
ment of common rules for the provision of basic informa-
tion on purchasing power parities and for their calculation
and dissemination, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the
Member States and can therefore be better achieved at
Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in
accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in
Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of
proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation
does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve
that objective.

(12)

The Statistical Programme Committee, established by
Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom (3), has been con-
sulted in accordance with Article 3 of that Decision,

(1) OJ L 56, 4.3.1968, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC,

Euratom) No 1895/2006 (OJ L 397, 30.12.2006, p. 6).

(2) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. Decision as amended by Decision

2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, p. 11).

(3) OJ L 181, 28.6.1989, p. 47.

Data shall be collected with the minimum frequency provided for
in Annex I. More frequent collection of data shall take place only
in exceptional and justified circumstances.

2.
PPPs shall be calculated from the national annual average
prices of goods and services, using basic information relating to
the economic territory of the Member States as provided for by
the European system of national and regional accounts in the
Community (hereinafter referred to as ‘ESA 95’).

PPPs shall be calculated in accordance with the basic head-
3.
ings as listed in Annex II, consistent with the related GDP classi-
fications defined in Regulation (EC) No 2223/96.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purpose of this Regulation the following definitions shall
apply:

(a)

(b)

‘Purchasing Power Parities’ (‘PPPs’) shall mean spatial defla-
tors and currency converters that eliminate the effects of the
differences in price levels between Member States thus allow-
ing volume comparisons of GDP components and compari-
sons of price levels.

‘Purchasing Power Standard’ (‘PPS’) shall mean the artificial
common reference currency unit used in the European Union
to express the volume of economic aggregates for the pur-
pose of spatial comparisons in such a way that price level dif-
ferences between Member States are eliminated.

(c)

‘Prices’ shall mean the purchaser prices paid by the final
consumers.

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(d)

‘Expenditure weights’ shall mean the shares of expenditure
components in current-price GDP.

(q)

(e)

‘Basic heading’ shall mean the lowest level of aggregation of
items in the GDP breakdown for which parities are calculated.

‘Fixity’ shall mean that when results are calculated originally
for a group of Member States and then later the results are
calculated for a wider group of Member States, the PPPs
between the original group of Member States shall neverthe-
less be preserved.

(f)

‘Items’ shall mean goods or services precisely defined for use
in price observation.

Article 4

Roles and responsibilities

(g)

‘Actual and imputed rentals’ shall have the meaning attrib-
uted to it in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005 (1).

1.

The Commission (Eurostat) shall be responsible for:

(a)

coordinating the provision of the basic information;

(h)

‘Compensation of employees’ shall have the meaning attrib-
uted to it in Regulation (EC) No 2223/96.

(b) calculating and publishing PPPs;

(i)

(j)

‘Temporal adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to
adjust average prices obtained at the time of survey to annual
average prices.

(c)

ensuring the quality of PPPs, in accordance with Article 7;

(d) developing and communicating methodology, in consulta-

tion with the Member States;

‘Spatial adjustment factors’ shall mean factors used to adjust
average prices obtained from one or more locations within
the economic territory of a Member State to national aver-
age prices.

(e)

ensuring that the Member States have the opportunity to
comment on PPP results prior to publication and that due
account be taken of any such comment; and

(k)

‘Representative items’ shall mean those which are, or are con-
sidered to be, in terms of relative total expenditure within a
basic heading, among the most important items purchased in
national markets.

(l)

‘Representativity indicators’ shall mean markers or other indi-
cators identifying those items that Member States have
selected as representative.

(m) ‘Equi-representativity’ shall mean a property required of the
composition of the item list for a basic heading, each Mem-
ber State being able to price that number of representative
products which is commensurate with the heterogeneity of
the products and price levels covered by the basic heading
and its expenditure on the basic heading.

(n)

‘Transitive’ shall mean the property whereby a direct com-
parison between any two Member States yields the same
result as an indirect comparison via any other Member State.

(f) drafting and disseminating the methodological manual

referred to in point 1.1 of Annex I.

2. Member States shall follow the procedure set out in Annex I
when providing basic information.

Member States shall provide written approval of the survey results
for which they are responsible, once the process of data valida-
tion has been completed, as specified in point 5.2 of Annex I,
within a period of no longer than one month.

Member States shall approve the data collection methodology and
check the plausibility of data, including items of basic informa-
tion provided by the Commission (Eurostat).

Article 5

Transmission of basic information

(o)

‘Mistake’ shall mean a use of incorrect basic information or
an inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

1. Member States shall transmit the basic information listed in
Annex I to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with the
existing Community provisions on transmission of data.

(p)

‘Reference year’ shall mean a calendar year to which specific
annual results refer.

2.
The basic information listed in Annex I shall be transmitted
in the technical format and within the time periods specified in
that Annex.

(1) Commission Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005 of 20 October 2005 on
the principles for estimating dwelling services for the purpose of
Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1287/2003 on the harmonisa-
tion of gross national income at market prices (OJ L 276, 21.10.2005,
p. 5).

3.
In cases where items of basic information are supplied to
Member States by the Commission (Eurostat), the Commission
shall transmit a method statement to enable the Member States to
conduct a plausibility check.

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Article 6

Statistical units

1.
The basic information listed in Annex I shall be obtained
either from statistical units as defined in Council Regulation (EEC)
No 696/93 (1) or from other sources which yield data meeting the
quality requirements specified in point 5.1 of Annex I. Each Mem-
ber State shall notify the type of the statistical unit or source to
the Commission when transmitting the data.

2.
The statistical units called upon by the Member States to
provide data or to cooperate in data collection shall allow moni-
toring of the prices actually charged and shall give honest and
complete information at the time it is requested.

Article 7

Quality criteria and control

Publication shall be based on data available to the Commission
(Eurostat) no later than three months before the publication date.

Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the right of the Commis-
than
sion (Eurostat)
36 months after the end of the reference year and the Commis-
sion (Eurostat) shall make these publicly available, including on its
website.

to publish preliminary results earlier

The results published by the Commission (Eurostat) at an
2.
aggregated level for each Member State shall include at least the
following:

(a) PPPs at the level of GDP;

(b) PPPs for private household consumption expenditure and

actual individual consumption;

(c) price level indices relative to the Community average; and

1.
The Commission (Eurostat) and the Member States shall set
up a system for quality control based on reports and assessments
as specified under point 5.3 of Annex I.

(d) GDP, private household consumption expenditure and actual
individual consumption and respective per capita figures in
PPS.

2. Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat), at
its request, with all information necessary to evaluate the quality
of the basic information listed in Annex I.

3.
If results are calculated for a wider group of countries, the
PPPs of the Member States shall nevertheless be preserved, in pur-
suance of the principle of fixity.

Member States shall also provide the Commission (Eurostat) with
the details and the reasons for any subsequent changes in the
methods used or any deviation from the methodological manual
specified in Annex I.

3. Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat)
with quality reports on the surveys for which they are responsible,
as specified in Section 5 of Annex I.

4.
The common criteria on which the quality control is based
and the structure of the quality reports, as specified under
point 5.3 of Annex I, shall be laid down in accordance with the
regulatory procedure with scrutiny specified in Article 11(3).

Article 8

Periodicity

The Commission (Eurostat) shall calculate PPPs with reference to
each calendar year.

Article 9

Dissemination

1.
The Commission (Eurostat) shall publish the final annual
results no later than 36 months after the end of the reference year.

(1) Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the sta-
tistical units for the observation and analysis of the production sys-
tem in the Community (OJ L 76, 30.3.1993, p. 1). Regulation as last
amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parlia-
ment and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).

4.

Published final PPPs shall generally not be revised.

However, in the event of mistakes falling within the scope of Sec-
tion 10 of Annex I, corrected results shall be published in accor-
dance with the procedure laid down therein.

Exceptional general revisions shall be carried out if, owing to
changes to the concepts underlying ESA 95 that affect PPP results,
the volume index of GDP for any Member State changes by more
than one percentage point.

Article 10

Correction coefficients

Member States shall not be required to undertake surveys solely
for the purpose of establishing the correction coefficients to be
applied to the remuneration and pensions of Community officials
and other servants in accordance with the Staff Regulations.

Article 11

Committee procedure

The Commission shall be assisted by the Statistical Pro-

1.
gramme Committee.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5 and 7
of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the pro-
visions of Article 8 thereof.

The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC
shall be set at three months.

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3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1)
to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having
regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

Article 12

Implementing measures

1.
The measures necessary for the implementation of the pro-
visions of this Regulation, including measures to take account of
economic and technical changes, shall be adopted, insofar as this
does not involve a disproportionate increase in costs for the Mem-
ber States, as laid down in paragraphs 2 and 3.

2.
The following measures necessary for implementation of
this Regulation shall be adopted in accordance with the regula-
tory procedure referred to in Article 11(2):

(a)

(b)

(c)

the definition of a set of minimum standards in order to
achieve the essential comparability and representativity of the
data as specified under points 5.1 and 5.2 of Annex I;

the definition of precise requirements as to the methodology
to be used as specified in Annex I; and

the establishment and adjustment of detailed descriptions of
the content of basic headings, provided that these remain
compatible with ESA 95 or any succeeding system.

3.
The following measures designed to amend non-essential
elements of this Regulation, inter alia by supplementing it with
new elements, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory
procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 11(3):

(a)

the adaptation of the definitions;

(b)

(c)

the adjustment of the list of basic headings (as specified in
Annex II); and

the definition of quality criteria and the structure of the qual-
ity reports, pursuant to Article 7(4).

Article 13

Financing

1.
The Member States shall receive from the Commission a
financial contribution of a maximum of 70 % of the costs eligible
under the Commission’s grant rules.

2.
The amount of such financial contribution shall be fixed as
part of the annual budgetary procedures of the European Union.
The budget authority shall determine the appropriations available
each year.

Article 14

Review and report

The provisions of this Regulation shall be reviewed five years after
its entry into force. It shall be revised, if appropriate, on the basis
of a Commission report and proposal, submitted to the European
Parliament and the Council.

Article 15

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day fol-
lowing that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European
Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Strasbourg, 11 December 2007.

For the European Parliament
The President
H.-G. PÖTTERING

For the Council
The President
M. LOBO ANTUNES

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ANNEX I

METHODOLOGY

1.

METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL AND WORK PROGRAMME

1.1.

A methodological manual will be provided by the Commission (Eurostat), following consultation with the Member
States, describing the methods used at the various stages of compiling PPPs, including the methods for estimating
missing basic information and for estimating missing parities. The methodological manual will be revised when-
ever a significant change to the methodology is made. It may introduce new methods to improve data quality,
reduce costs or lessen the burden on data suppliers.

1.2.

The Commission (Eurostat) will establish, by 30 November each year and in consultation with the Member States,
an annual Work Programme for the following calendar year setting out the timetable for the specification and the
provision of the basic information required for that year.

1.3.

The annual Work Programme will determine the format for provision of data to be used by the Member States, and
any other actions necessary in order to accomplish the calculation and publication of PPPs.

1.4.

The basic information supplied according to point 1.2 may be revised, but the results for the reference year will be
calculated from information available according to the timetable specified in Article 9. Where information is not
complete or not available at that date, the Commission (Eurostat) will estimate the missing basic information.

1.5.

Should a Member State fail to submit complete basic information, it will specify why the information is incom-
plete, when it will submit complete information or, if appropriate, why complete information cannot be provided.

2.

BASIC INFORMATION

2.1.

Basic information items

For the purpose of this Regulation, basic information pursuant to Articles 2 and 4 and the minimum frequency of
new data supply will comprise and be provided as follows:

Basic information

Minimum frequency

GDP expenditure weights (1)

Actual and imputed rentals (2)

Compensation of employees

Temporal adjustment factors

Annual

Annual

Annual

Annual

Prices of consumer goods and services and related representativity indicators

3 years (3)

Prices of equipment goods

Prices of construction projects

Spatial adjustment factors

3 years

3 years

6 years

(1) These weights shall be consistent with the lowest level of available aggregates from national accounts. If the required detail is

not available, the Member State may provide best estimates for the missing positions.

(2) The dwellings stock quantity approach, as described in the methodological manual, may be used instead of the price approach

in cases where actual rentals are missing or are statistically unreliable in line with Regulation (EC) No 1722/2005.

(3) The minimum frequency refers to the provision of data for a particular product group, related to the rolling cycle of surveys.

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2.2.

Procedure for obtaining basic information

The Commission (Eurostat), after taking account of the views of the Member States, will determine the sources and
data suppliers to be used for each of the above items of basic information. If the Commission (Eurostat) obtains
basic information from a data supplier other than a Member State, the latter will be relieved of the obligations set
out in points 5.1.4 to 5.1.13.

3.

NATIONAL AVERAGE PRICES

3.1.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to one or more locations within the
economic territory. Such data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate
spatial adjustment factors. Such spatial adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in the relevant loca-
tions to those representative of the national average.

3.2.

Spatial adjustment factors will be supplied at basic heading level. They will be no more than six years old at the
reference period of the survey.

4.

ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICES

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2(2), data collection may be limited to a specific period of time. Such
data may be used for PPP calculations provided that they are accompanied by appropriate temporal adjustment fac-
tors. Such temporal adjustment factors will be used to adjust survey data in this period to those representative of
the annual average.

5.

QUALITY

5.1.

Minimum standards for basic information

5.1.1.

The list of items to be priced will be designed to comprise items whose specifications ensure comparability between
countries.

5.1.2.

The list of items to be priced will be designed so that each Member State can indicate at least one representative
item which can be priced in at least one other Member State for each basic heading.

5.1.3.

The item list will be designed in order to achieve the highest practicable level of equi-representativity so that, as a
minimum, each country has to price one representative item for each basic heading and this representative item
has to be priced by at least one other country.

5.1.4.

Each Member State will price items according to the specifications in the item list.

5.1.5.

Each Member State will price a sufficient number of items within each basic heading that are available in its mar-
ket, even though they may not be considered as representative of that basic heading.

5.1.6.

Each Member State will supply prices of at least one representative item within each basic heading. The represen-
tative items will be indicated by a representativity indicator.

5.1.7.

Each Member State will collect a sufficient number of price quotations for each item priced to ensure a reliable aver-
age price per item taking account of its market structure.

5.1.8.

The selection of outlet types will be designed to adequately reflect the domestic pattern of consumption within the
Member State according to the item.

5.1.9.

The outlet selection in a location will be designed to adequately reflect the pattern of consumption of the residents
of the location and the availability of items.

5.1.10. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with data on compensation of employees for selected

occupations with reference to the sector General Government (S 13) as defined in ESA 95.

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5.1.11. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with temporal adjustment factors which allow calcula-

tion of PPPs from prices collected at a specific time which adequately reflect the annual average price level.

5.1.12. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with spatial adjustment factors which allow calculation
of PPPs with prices collected in specific locations which adequately reflect the national average price level.

5.1.13. Each Member State will supply the Commission (Eurostat) with weights relating to each basic heading as specified

in Annex II which reflect the expenditure pattern in the Member State for the reference year.

5.2.

Minimum standards for the validation of price survey results

5.2.1.

Each Member State will, before transmitting the data to the Commission (Eurostat), carry out a review of data valid-
ity based on:

— maximum and minimum prices,

— the average price and coefficient of variation,

— the number of priced items per basic heading,

— the number of priced representative items per basic heading, and

— the number of prices observed per item.

5.2.2. An electronic tool containing the algorithms required for the purposes of point 5.2.1 will be supplied by the Com-

mission (Eurostat) to the Member States.

5.2.3.

The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the survey results, carry out validity checks, in conjunction with
the Member States, based on indicators including:

For each basic heading:

— the number of items priced by each country,

— the number of items attributed a representativity indicator by each country,

— the price level index,

— the results of the previous survey covering the same basic heading, and

— price level indices in PPP terms for each country.

For each item:

— the number of prices observed by each country, and

— the variation coefficients of:

(i)

average prices in national currencies,

(ii) price level indices in PPP terms, and

(iii) price level indices in PPP terms for each country.

5.2.4.

The Commission (Eurostat) will, before finalising the PPP results at aggregate level, carry out validity checks based
on indicators including:

At the level of total GDP and its main aggregates:

— the consistency of GDP expenditure weights and population estimates with published data,

— a comparison of per capita volume indices for current and previous calculations, and

— a comparison of price level indices for current and previous calculations.

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At the level of each basic heading:

— a comparison of the GDP weighting structure for current and previous calculations, and

— estimates of missing data, where relevant.

5.3.

Reporting and assessment

5.3.1.

5.3.2.

Each Member State will maintain documentation which gives a full description of the manner in which this Regu-
lation has been implemented. This documentation will be available to the Commission (Eurostat) and the other
Member States.

Each Member State will have its PPP process assessed at least once every six years by the Commission (Eurostat).
The assessments, planned annually and included in the annual Work Programme, will review compliance with this
Regulation. A report, based on the assessments, will be made by the Commission (Eurostat) and be made publicly
available, including on its website.

5.3.3.

In accordance with Article 7(3), shortly after each consumer price survey, a report by the Member State responsible
will be given to the Commission (Eurostat) providing information on the way in which the survey was conducted.
The Commission (Eurostat) will provide each Member State with a summary of these reports.

6.

CONSUMER PRICE SURVEY PROCEDURE

6.1.

Member States will carry out the price surveys according to the Work Programme.

6.2.

6.3.

For each survey, the Commission (Eurostat) will prepare the survey item list, based on proposals which will be made
by each Member State for each basic heading.

The Commission (Eurostat) will provide, together with the item list, in all official languages of the European Union,
a translation of all specifications in each survey list.

7.

CALCULATION PROCEDURE

7.1.

Calculation of bilateral parities at basic heading level

(a) The calculation of multilateral Èltetò-Köves-Szulc (hereinafter referred to as ‘EKS’) parities at basic heading level

will be based on a matrix of bilateral parities for each pair of participant countries.

(b) The calculation of bilateral parities will be carried out by reference to the prices observed for, and the repre-

sentativity indicators attributed to, the underlying items.

(c) The average survey price for each item will be established as the simple arithmetic mean of the price obser-

vations recorded for that item.

(d) The national annual average price will be estimated, where necessary, on the basis of the average survey price

by using appropriate spatial and temporal adjustment factors.

(e) The ratios of the adjusted average prices will then be calculated, where possible, for items and pairs of par-

ticipant countries, together with their inverse.

(f)

PPPs will then be calculated, where possible, for all pairs of participant countries for the basic heading. For
each pair of participant countries, PPPs will be calculated as the weighted geometric mean of:

— the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of both countries,

— the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the first country

but not of the second country,

— the geometric mean of the price ratios of items which are indicated as representative of the second coun-

try but not of the first country,

using weights reflecting the relative representativity of all items priced by both countries.

L 336/10

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

7.2.

Estimation of missing bilateral parities

If for any basic heading the bilateral PPPs cannot be calculated, the missing bilateral PPPs will be estimated, where
possible, by using the standard procedure of geometric averaging of indirect parities via third countries. Should the
matrix of bilateral PPPs for a basic heading still contain any missing values after this estimation procedure, the cal-
culation of multilateral EKS parities will then not be possible for the countries for which bilateral PPPs are missing.
Such missing EKS parities will then be estimated by the Commission (Eurostat), using reference PPPs from similar
basic headings or any other appropriate estimation method.

7.3.

The calculation of bilateral parities at aggregate level

(a) The calculation of bilateral parities at a particular level of national accounts aggregation will be carried out

using the EKS parities (see point 7.4), and the GDP expenditure weights, for the underlying basic headings.

(b) A Laspeyres-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the arithmetic mean of
the parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the
second country of each pair of participant countries.

(c) A Paasche-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the harmonic mean of the
parities for the underlying basic headings, weighted by the relative percentages (or nominal values) for the first
country of each pair of participant countries.

(d) A Fisher-type parity will then be calculated for the selected level of aggregation as the geometric mean of the

Laspeyres-type and Paasche-type parities established for each pair of participant countries.

7.4.

Calculation of transitive multilateral PPPS

The calculation of transitive multilateral parities will be carried out either at basic heading level or any aggregated
level by using the EKS procedure based on a complete matrix of Fisher-type parities between each pair of partici-
pant countries as follows:

where tEKSs denotes the EKS parity between country s and country t;

tFs denotes the Fisher-type parity between country s and country t;

z denotes the number of participant countries.

8.

TRANSMISSION

8.1.

The Commission (Eurostat) will supply to the Member States the templates for electronic transmission of the basic
information necessary to calculate PPPs.

8.2.

Member States will provide basic information to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with the templates.

9.

PUBLICATION

In addition to the provisions contained in Article 9(2), the Commission (Eurostat) may publish results at a more
detailed level after consultation with the Member States.

10.

CORRECTIONS

10.1. When a mistake is discovered by a Member State, it will immediately and on its own initiative provide the Com-
mission (Eurostat) with correct basic information. In addition, a Member State will inform the Commission (Euro-
stat) of any suspected inappropriate application of the calculation procedure.

10.2.

After becoming aware of a mistake, made either by a Member State or the Commission (Eurostat), the Commission
(Eurostat) will inform the Member States and recalculate the PPPs within one month.

20.12.2007

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 336/11

10.3.

If the mistakes discovered result in a change of at least 0,5 percentage points at the level of per capita GDP in PPS
of any Member State, the Commission (Eurostat) will publish a correction as soon as possible, unless such mistakes
are discovered later than three months after the results have been published.

10.4. Where a mistake has occurred, the responsible body will take steps to prevent similar future occurrences.

10.5.

Revisions carried out after 33 months following the end of the reference year to GDP expenditure weights or to
population estimates will not require a correction to be made to PPP results.

L 336/12

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

ANNEX II

Basic headings as defined in Article 3(e)

INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLDS

Description

FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Food

Bread and cereals [COICOP 01.1.1]

Rice

Other cereals, flour and other cereal products

Bread

Other bakery products

Pasta products

Meat [COICOP 01.1.2]

Beef and veal

Pork

Lamb, mutton and goat

Poultry

Other meats and edible offal

Delicatessen and other meat preparations

Fish and seafood [COICOP 01.1.3]

Fresh, chilled or frozen fish and seafood

Preserved or processed fish and seafood

Milk, cheese and eggs [COICOP 01.1.4]

Fresh milk

Preserved milk and other milk products

Cheese

Eggs and egg-based products

Oils and fats [COICOP 01.1.5]

Butter

Margarine

Other edible oils and fats

Fruit [COICOP 01.1.6]

Fresh or chilled fruit

Frozen, preserved or processed fruit and fruit-based products

Vegetables [COICOP 01.1.7]

Fresh or chilled vegetables other than potatoes

Fresh or chilled potatoes

Frozen, preserved or processed vegetables and vegetable-based products

Sugar, jam, honey, chocolate and confectionery [COICOP 01.1.8]

Sugar

Jams, marmalades and honey

BH
No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

20.12.2007

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Official Journal of the European Union

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BH
No

28

29

Description

Confectionery, chocolate and other cocoa preparations

Edible ice, ice-cream and sorbet

Food products n.e.c. [COICOP 01.1.9]

30

Food products n.e.c.

Non-alcoholic beverages

Coffee, tea and cocoa [COICOP 01.2.1]

31

Coffee, tea and cocoa

Mineral waters, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices [COICOP 01.2.2]

32

33

34

Mineral waters

Soft drinks and concentrates

Fruit and vegetable juices

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, TOBACCO AND NARCOTICS

Alcoholic beverages

Spirits [COICOP 02.1.1]

35

Spirits

Wine [COICOP 02.1.2]

36

Wine

Beer [COICOP 02.1.3]

37

Beer

Tobacco

Tobacco [COICOP 02.2.0]

38

Tobacco

Narcotics

Narcotics [COICOP 02.3.0]

39

Narcotics

CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR

Clothing

Clothing materials [COICOP 03.1.1]

40

Clothing materials

Garments [COICOP 03.1.2]

41

42

43

Men’s clothing

Women’s clothing

Children’s and infants’ clothing

Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories [COICOP 03.1.3]

44

Other articles of clothing and clothing accessories

Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing [COICOP 03.1.4]

45

Cleaning, repair and hire of clothing

Footwear

Shoes and other footwear [COICOP 03.2.1]

46

47

48

Men’s footwear

Women’s footwear

Children’s and infants’ footwear

L 336/14

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

BH
No

Description

Repair and hire of footwear [COICOP 03.2.2]

49

Repair and hire of footwear

HOUSING, WATER, ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FUELS

Actual rentals for housing

Actual rentals for housing [COICOP 04.1.1 and 04.1.2]

50

Actual rentals for housing

Imputed rentals for housing

Imputed rentals for housing [COICOP 04.2.1 and 04.2.2]

51

Imputed rentals for housing

Maintenance and repair of the dwelling

Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling [COICOP 04.3.1]

52

Materials for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling

Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling [COICOP 04.3.2]

53

Services for the maintenance and repair of the dwelling

Water supply and miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling

Water supply [COICOP 04.4.1]

54

Water supply

Miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling [COICOP 04.4.2, 04.4.3 and 04.4.4]

55

Miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling

Electricity, gas and other fuels

Electricity [COICOP 04.5.1]

56

Electricity

Gas [COICOP 04.5.2]

57

Gas

Liquid fuels [COICOP 04.5.3]

58

Liquid fuels

Solid fuels [COICOP 04.5.4]

59

Solid fuels

Heat energy [COICOP 04.5.5]

60

Heat energy

FURNISHINGS, HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT AND ROUTINE HOUSEHOLD MAINTENANCE

Furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings

Furniture and furnishings [COICOP 05.1.1]

61

62

63

64

Kitchen furniture

Bedroom furniture

Living-room and dining-room furniture

Other furniture and furnishings

Carpets and other floor coverings [COICOP 05.1.2]

65

Carpets and other floor coverings

Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings [COICOP 05.1.3]

66

Repair of furniture, furnishings and floor coverings

20.12.2007

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 336/15

BH
No

Description

Household textiles

Household textiles [COICOP 05.2.0]

67

Household textiles

Household appliances

Major household appliances whether electric or not [COICOP 05.3.1]

68

Major household appliances whether electric or not

Small electric household appliances [COICOP 05.3.2]

69

Small electric household appliances

Repair of household appliances [COICOP 05.3.3]

70

Repair of household appliances

Glassware, tableware and household utensils

Glassware, tableware and household utensils [COICOP 05.4.0]

71

Glassware, tableware and household utensils

Tools and equipment for house and garden

Major tools and equipment [COICOP 05.5.1]

72

Major tools and equipment

Small tools and miscellaneous accessories [COICOP 05.5.2]

73

Small tools and miscellaneous accessories

Goods and services for routine household maintenance

Non-durable household goods [COICOP 05.6.1]

74

Non-durable household goods

Domestic services and household services [COICOP 05.6.2]

75

76

Domestic services

Household services

HEALTH

Medical products, appliances and equipment

Pharmaceutical products [COICOIP 06.1.1]

77

Pharmaceutical products

Other medical products [COICOP 06.1.2]

78

Other medical products

Therapeutic appliances and equipment [COICOP 06.1.3]

79

Therapeutic appliances and equipment

Out-patient services

Medical Services [COICOP 06.2.1]

80

Medical Services

Dental services [COICOP 06.2.2]

81

Dental services

Paramedical services [COICOP 06.2.3]

82

Paramedical services

Hospital services

Hospital services [COICOP 06.3.0]

83

Hospital services

L 336/16

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

BH
No

84

85

86

87

88

Description

TRANSPORT

Purchase of vehicles

Motor cars [COICOP 07.1.1]

Motor cars with diesel engine

Motor cars with petrol engine of cubic capacity of less than 1 200cc

Motor cars with petrol engine of cubic capacity of 1 200cc to 1 699cc

Motor cars with petrol engine of cubic capacity of 1 700cc to 2 999cc

Motor cars with petrol engine of cubic capacity of 3 000cc and over

Motor cycles [COICOP 07.1.2]

89

Motor cycles

Bicycles [COICOP 07.1.3]

90

Bicycles

Animal-drawn vehicles [COICOP 07.1.4]

91

Animal-drawn vehicles

Operation of personal transport equipment

Spare parts and accessories for personal transport equipment [COICOP 07.2.1]

92

Spare parts and accessories for personal transport equipment

Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment [COICOP 07.2.2]

93

Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment

Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment [COICOP 07.2.3]

94

Maintenance and repair of personal transport equipment

Other services in respect of personal transport equipment [COICOP 07.2.4]

95

Other services in respect of personal transport equipment

Transport services

Passenger transport by railway [COICOP 07.3.1]

96

Passenger transport by railway

Passenger transport by road [COICOP 07.3.2]

97

Passenger transport by road

Passenger transport by air [COICOP 07.3.3]

98

Passenger transport by air

Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway [COICOP 07.3.4]

99

Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway

Combined passenger transport [COICOP 07.3.5]

100

Combined passenger transport

Other purchased transport services [COICOP 07.3.6]

101

Other purchased transport services

COMMUNICATION

Postal services

Postal service s [COICOP 08.1.0]

102

Postal services

Telephone and telefax equipment

Telephone and telefax equipment [COICOP 08.2.0]

103

Telephone and telefax equipment

20.12.2007

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 336/17

BH
No

Description

Telephone and telefax services

Telephone and telefax services [COICOP 08.3.0]

104

Telephone and telefax services

RECREATION AND CULTURE

Audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment

Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and pictures [COICOP 09.1.1]

105

Equipment for the reception, recording and reproduction of sound and pictures

Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments [COICOP 09.1.2]

106

Photographic and cinematographic equipment and optical instruments

Information processing equipment [COICOP 09.1.3]

107

Information processing equipment

Recording media [COICOP 09.1.4]

108

109

Pre-recorded recording media

Unrecorded recording media

Repair of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment [COICOP 09.1.5]

110

Repair of audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment

Other major durables for recreation and culture

Major durables for outdoor recreation [COICOP 09.2.1]

111

Major durables for outdoor recreation

Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation [COICOP 09.2.2]

112

Musical instruments and major durables for indoor recreation

Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture [COICOP 09.2.3]

113

Maintenance and repair of other major durables for recreation and culture

Other recreational items and equipment, gardens and pets

Games, toys and hobbies [COICOP 09.3.1]

114

Games, toys and hobbies

Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation [COICOP 09.3.2]

115

Equipment for sport, camping and open-air recreation

Gardens, plants and flowers [COICOP 09.3.3]

116

Gardens, plants and flowers

Pets and related products [COICOP 09.3.4]

117

Pets and related products

Veterinary and other services for pets [COICOP 09.3.5]

118

Veterinary and other services for pets

Recreational and cultural services

Recreational and sporting services [COICOP 09.4.1]

119

Recreational and sporting services

Cultural services [COICOP 09.4.2]

120

121

Photographic services

Other cultural services

Games of chance [COICOP 09.4.3]

122

Games of chance

L 336/18

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

BH
No

Description

Newspapers, books and stationery

Books [COICOP 09.5.1]

123

Books

Newspapers and periodicals [COICOP 09.5.2]

124

Newspapers and periodicals

Miscellaneous printed matter, stationery and drawing materials [COICOP 09.5.3 and 09.5.4]

125

Miscellaneous printed matter, stationery and drawing materials

Package holidays

Package holidays [COICOP 09.6.0]

126

Package holidays

EDUCATION

Pre-primary and primary education

Pre-primary and primary education [COICOP 10.1.0]

127

Pre-primary and primary education

Secondary education

Secondary education [COICOP 10.2.0]

128

Secondary education

Post-secondary non-tertiary education

Post-secondary non-tertiary education [COICOP 10.3.0]

129

Post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary education

Tertiary education [COICOP 10.4.0]

130

Tertiary education

Education not definable by level

Education not definable by level [COICOP 10.5.0]

131

Education not definable by level

RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS

Catering services

Restaurants, cafés and the like [COICOP 11.1.1]

Restaurant services whatever the type of establishment

Pubs, bars, cafés, tea rooms and the like

132

133

Canteens [COICOP 11.1.2]

134

Canteens

Accommodation services

Accommodation services [COICOP 11.2.0]

135

Accommodation services

MISCELLANEOUS GOODS AND SERVICES

Personal care

Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments [COICOP 12.1.1]

136

Hairdressing salons and personal grooming establishments

Electric appliances for personal care [COICOP 12.1.2]

137

Electric appliances for personal care

20.12.2007

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 336/19

BH
No

Description

Other appliances, articles and products for personal care [COICOP 12.1.3]

138

Other appliances, articles and products for personal care

Prostitution

Prostitution [COICOP 12.2.0]

139

Prostitution

Personal effects n.e.c.

Jewellery, clocks and watches [COICOP 12.3.1]

140

Jewellery, clocks and watches

Other personal effects [COICOP 12.3.2]

141

Other personal effects

Social protection

Social protection [COICOP 12.4.0]

142

Social protection

Insurance

Insurance [COICOP 12.5.1, 12.5.2, 12.5.3, 12.5.4 and 12.5.5]

143

Insurance

Financial services n.e.c.

FISIM [COICOP 12.6.1]

144

FISIM

Other financial services n.e.c. [COICOP 12.6.2]

145

Other financial services n.e.c.

Other services n.e.c.

Other services n.e.c. [COICOP 12.7.0]

146

Other services n.e.c.

BALANCE OF EXPENDITURE OF RESIDENT ABROAD AND EXPENDITURE OF NON-RESIDENTS ON THE
ECONOMIC TERRITORY

Final consumption expenditure of resident households in the rest of the world

Final consumption expenditure of resident households in the rest of the world

147

Final consumption expenditure of resident households in the rest of the world

Final consumption expenditure of non-resident households on the economic territory

Final consumption expenditure of non-resident households on the economic territory

148

Final consumption expenditure of non-resident households on the economic territory

INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS
HOUSEHOLDS

SERVING

HOUSING

Housing

Housing [COPNI 01.0.0]

149

Housing

HEALTH

Health

Health [COPNI 02.1.1 to 02.6.0]

150

Health

L 336/20

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

BH
No

Description

RECREATION AND CULTURE

Recreation and culture

Recreation and culture [COPNI 03.1.0 and 03.2.0]

151

Recreation and culture

EDUCATION

Education

Education [COPNI 04.1.0 to 04.7.0]

152

Education

SOCIAL PROTECTION

Social protection

Social protection [COPNI 05.1.0 and 05.2.0]

153

Social protection

OTHER SERVICES

Other services

Other services [COPNI 06.0.0 to 09.2.0]

154

Other services

INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT

HOUSING

Housing

Housing

155

Housing

HEALTH

Health benefits and reimbursements

Medical products, appliances and equipment

Pharmaceutical products

Other medical products

Therapeutic appliances and equipment

Health services

Out-patient medical services

Out-patient dental services

Out-patient paramedical services

Hospital services

Production of health services

Compensation of employees

Physicians

Nurses and other medical staff

Non-medical staff

Intermediate consumption

Pharmaceutical products

Other medical goods

Therapeutic appliances and equipment

Intermediate consumption n.e.c.

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 336/21

Description

BH
No

Gross operating surplus

170

Gross operating surplus

Net taxes on production

171

Net taxes on production

Receipts from sales

172

Receipts from sales

RECREATION AND CULTURE

Recreation and culture

Recreation and culture

173

Recreation and culture

EDUCATION

Education benefits and reimbursements

Education benefits and reimbursements

174

Education benefits and reimbursements

Production of education services

Compensation of employees

Pre-primary and primary education

Secondary education

Post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary education

Intermediate consumption

175

176

177

178

179

Intermediate consumption

Gross operating surplus

180

Gross operating surplus

Net taxes on production

181

Net taxes on production

Receipts from sales

182

Receipt from sales

SOCIAL PROTECTION

Social protection

Social protection

183

Social protection

COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT

COLLECTIVE SERVICES

Collective services

Compensation of employees

184

185

186

187

Compensation of employees (collective services relating to defence)

Compensation of employees (collective services other than defence)

Intermediate consumption

Intermediate consumption (collective services relating to defence)

Intermediate consumption (collective services other than defence)

Gross operating surplus

188

Gross operating surplus

L 336/22

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Official Journal of the European Union

20.12.2007

BH
No

Net taxes on production

189

Net taxes on production

Receipts from sales

190

Receipts from sales

Description

EXPENDITURE ON GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

Metal products and equipment

Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment [CPA 28.11 to 28.75]

191

Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

General purpose machinery [CPA 29.11 to 29.24]

Engines and turbines, pumps and compressors

Other general purpose machinery

Special purpose machinery [CPA 29.31 to 29.72]

Agricultural and forestry machinery

Machine tools

Machinery for metallurgy, mining, quarrying and construction

Machinery for food, beverages and tobacco processing

Machinery for textile, apparel and leather production

Other special purpose machinery

Electrical and optical equipment [CPA 30.01 to 33.50]

Office machinery

Computers and other information processing equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus

Radio, television and communications equipment and apparatus

Medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks

Other manufactured goods n.e.c. [CPA 36.11 to 36.63]

205

Other manufactured goods n.e.c.

Transport equipment

Road transport equipment [CPA 34.10 to 34.30 and 35.41 to 35.50]

206

207

208

209

210

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers

Other road transport

Other transport equipment [CPA 35.11 to 35.30]

Ships, boats, steamers, tugs, floating platforms, rigs

Locomotives and rolling stock

Aircraft, helicopters and other aeronautical equipment

CONSTRUCTION

Residential buildings

One and two dwelling buildings [CPA division 45]

211

One or two dwelling buildings

Multi-dwelling buildings [CPA division 45]

212

Multi-dwelling buildings

20.12.2007

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Official Journal of the European Union

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BH
No

Description

Non-residential buildings

Agricultural buildings [CPA division 45]

213

Agricultural buildings

Industrial buildings and warehouses [CPA division 45]

214

Industrial buildings and warehouses

Commercial buildings [CPA division 45]

215

Commercial buildings

Other non-residential buildings [CPA division 45]

216

Other non-residential buildings

Civil engineering works

Transport infrastructures [CPA division 45]

217

Transport infrastructures

Pipelines, communication and power lines [CPA division 45]

218

Pipelines, communication and power lines

Other civil engineering works [CPA division 45]

219

Other civil engineering works

OTHER PRODUCTS

Other products

Products of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture [CPA divisions 01, 02 and 05]

220

Products of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture

Software [CPA 72.20]

221

Software

Other products n.e.c. [CPA n.e.c.]

222

Other products n.e.c.

CHANGES IN INVENTORIES AND ACQUISITIONS LESS DISPOSALS OF VALUABLES

CHANGES IN INVENTORIES

Changes in inventories

Changes in inventories

223

Changes in inventories

ACQUISITIONS LESS DISPOSALS OF VALUABLES

Acquisitions less disposals of valuables

Acquisitions less disposals of valuables

224

Acquisitions less disposals of valuables

BALANCE OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS

EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES

Exports of goods

Exports of goods to the EU and institutions of the EU

225

226

Exports of goods to EU countries

Exports of goods to institutions of the EU

Exports of goods to third countries and international organisations

227

Exports of goods to third countries and international organisations

L 336/24

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Official Journal of the European Union

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BH
No

228

229

Description

Exports of services

Exports of services to the EU and institutions of the EU

Exports of services to EU countries

Exports of services to institutions of the EU

Exports of services to third countries and international organisations

230

Exports of services to third countries and international organisations

IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES

Imports of goods

Imports of goods from the EU and institutions of the EU

231

232

Imports of goods from EU countries

Imports of goods from institutions of the EU

Imports of goods from third countries and international organisations

233

Imports of goods from third countries and international organisations

Imports of services

Imports of services from the EU and institutions of the EU

234

235

Imports of services from EU countries

Imports of services from institutions of the EU

Imports of services from third countries and international organisations

236

Imports of services from third countries and international organisations