2007/589/EC: Commission Decision of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document number C(2007) 3416) (Text with EEA relevance )
Date: 2007-07-18
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: air quality, data collection, disclosure of information, environmental statistics, greenhouse gas, reduction of gas emissions, technical standard, tradeable emission permit

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II

(Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is not obligatory)

DECISIONS

COMMISSION

COMMISSION DECISION

of 18 July 2007

establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to
Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council

(notified under document number C(2007) 3416)

(Text with EEA relevance)

(2007/589/EC)

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Commu-
nity,

the European
Having regard to Directive 2003/87/EC of
Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing
a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within
the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (1),
and in particular Article 14(1) thereof,

(3)

(4)

Whereas:

Following the review of Decision 2004/156/EC,
it was
apparent that the guidelines laid down in that Decision
required several changes in order to render them more clear
and cost-efficient. Due to the substantial number of
amendments it is appropriate to replace Decision 2004/
156/EC.

the
is appropriate to facilitate the application of
It
guidelines for installations with average verified reported
emissions of less than 25 000 tonnes of fossil CO2 per year
during the previous trading period, as well as to achieve
further harmonization and clarify technical issues.

(1)

The complete, consistent, transparent and accurate mon-
itoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions in
accordance with the guidelines laid down in this Decision
are fundamental for the operation of the greenhouse gas
emission allowance trading scheme established in Directive
2003/87/EC.

trading scheme,

(2) During the first compliance cycle of the greenhouse gas
emissions
covering the year 2005,
operators, verifiers and competent authorities of Member
States have gathered first experience of monitoring,
verifying and reporting pursuant to Commission Decision
2004/156/EC of 29 January 2004 establishing guidelines
the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas
for
emissions pursuant
the
European Parliament and of the Council (2).

to Directive 2003/87/EC of

(5) Where applicable, account has been taken of the guidance
on the monitoring of greenhouse gases as developed by
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the
International Standardisation Organisation (ISO),
the
Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative of the World Business
Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the
World Resources Institute (WRI).

(1) OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32. Directive as amended by Directive

2004/101/EC (OJ L 338, 13.11.2004, p. 18).

(2) OJ L 59, 26.2.2004, p. 1.

(6)

The information provided by operators pursuant to this
Decision should facilitate the cross-attribution of emissions
reported under Directive 2003/87/EC with emissions
reported to the European Pollutants Release and Transfer

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Register (EPRTR) established by Regulation (EC) No 166/
2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
18 January 2006 concerning the establishment of a
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and
amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/
EC (1) as well as with emissions reported in national
inventories using the different source categories of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

(7)

By increasing the overall cost-effectiveness of monitoring
methodologies, without compromising the accuracy of
reported emission data and the overall
integrity of the
monitoring systems, operators and competent authorities
should generally be able to meet their obligations under
Directive 2003/87/EC at significantly reduced costs. This
applies in particular to plants using pure biomass fuels and
to small emitters.

(8)

The reporting requirements have been aligned with those
under Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC.

(9)

The requirements for
the monitoring plan have been
clarified and made more stringent in order to better reflect
its importance in ensuring sound reporting and robust
verification results.

(10) Table 1 specifying minimum requirements set out

in
Annex I should be for permanent use. The specific entries
in that Table have been reviewed based on information
collected by Member States, operators and verifiers, taking
into account the changes made to the provisions regarding
combustion emissions from activities listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC and to the activity specific guidelines
and should now reflect an appropriate balance between
cost-effectiveness and accuracy.

(11) A fall-back approach with minimum uncertainty thresholds
has been introduced in order to provide an alternative route
for the monitoring of emissions from very specific or
complex installations exempting those installations from
the application of the tier-based approach and enabling the
design of a fully customized monitoring methodology.

(12) The provisions concerning transferred and inherent CO2
entering or leaving installations covered by Directive 2003/
87/EC as pure substance or fuel have been clarified and
made more stringent, in order to improve the consistency
with the reporting requirements of Member States under
the Kyoto Protocol
to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

(13) The list of reference emission factors has been expanded
and updated using information from the 2006 Guidelines
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, here-
inafter ‘the IPCC guidelines’. The list has also been extended
with reference values for net calorific values for a wide
range of fuels based on the IPCC Guidelines.

(1) OJ L 33, 4.2.2006, p. 1.

(14) The Section on control and verification has been reviewed
and revised in order to improve conceptual and linguistic
consistency with guidance developed by the European
Cooperation for Accreditation (EA), the European Commit-
tee for Standardisation (CEN) and ISO.

(15) As regards the determination of fuel and material proper-
ties, the requirements for the use of results from analytical
laboratories and online gas analysers have been clarified
taking into account the experience from the implementa-
tion of the respective requirements across Member States
during the first trading period. Additional requirements on
sampling methods and frequencies have also been provided.

(16) To improve the cost-effectiveness for installations with
annual emissions of less than 25 000 tonnes of fossil CO2
certain exemptions from the specific requirements applying
to installations in general have been added.

(17) The use of oxidation factors for the purposes of
the
for
monitoring methodology has been made optional
combustion processes. A mass-balance approach has been
added for installations producing carbon black and for gas
processing terminals. The uncertainty requirements for the
determination of emissions from flares have been lowered
in order to reflect the specific technical conditions of these
facilities.

(18) The mass-balance approach should not be part of the
activity-specific guidelines for mineral oil refineries as listed
in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC due to the problems
reported during the first
to the
achievable accuracy. Guidance for catalytic cracker regen-
eration, other catalyst regeneration and flexi-cokers emis-
sions has been revised to reflect the specific technical
conditions of those facilities.

reporting in respect

(19) The provisions and thresholds for the application of the
mass-balance approach have been made stricter
for
installations producing coke, sinter, iron and steel. Emission
factors from the IPCC guidelines have been added.

for

(20) The terminology and methodologies

installations
producing cement clinker and for installations producing
lime have been aligned with commercial practices of the
sectors covered by this Decision. The use of activity data,
emission factor and conversion factor has been made
consistent with the other activities covered under Directive
2003/87/EC.

(21) Additional emission factors have been provided in Annex IX

for installations from the glass industry.

(22) The uncertainty requirements for emissions from the
calcination of raw materials for installations from the
ceramics industry have been made less stringent to better
reflect situations in which clays origin directly from

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quarries. The purely output-based method should no longer
be used because of its limited applicability as observed
during the first reporting cycle.

(28) The measures provided for

in this Decision are in
accordance with the opinion of the Committee established
by Article 8 of Decision 93/389/EEC (1),

(23) Specific guidelines for the determination of greenhouse gas
emissions by continuous emission measurement systems
should be added to facilitate a consistent use of measure-
ment-based monitoring approaches
to
Articles 14 and 24 and Annex IV of Directive 2003/87/EC.

commensurate

(24) Recognition of activities relating to carbon capture and
storage is not provided for in this Decision, but will depend
on an amendment of Directive 2003/87/EC or on the
inclusion of those activities pursuant to Article 24 of that
Directive.

(25) The guidelines contained in the Annexes to this Decision
set out the revised detailed criteria for the monitoring and
reporting of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the
activities listed in Annex I of Directive 2003/87/EC. These
are specified in relation to those activities, based on the
principles for monitoring and reporting set out in Annex IV
of that Directive that should apply as of 1 January 2008.

(26) Article 15 of Directive 2003/87/EC requires Member States
to ensure that reports submitted by operators are verified in
accordance with the criteria set out in Annex V of that
Directive.

(27)

It is envisaged that a further review of the guidelines laid
down in this Decision will be carried out within two years
of its date of applicability.

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1

The guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse
gas emissions from the activities listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC are set out in the Annexes to this Decision.

Those guidelines are based on the principles set out in Annex IV
to that Directive.

Article 2

Decision 2004/156/EC is repealed from the date referred to in
Article 3.

Article 3

This Decision shall apply from 1 January 2008.

Article 4

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 18 July 2007.

For the Commission

Stavros DIMAS

Member of the Commission

(1) OJ L 167, 9.7.1993, p. 31. Decision as last amended by Regulation
(EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council
(OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).

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TABLE OF ANNEXES

Annex I

General guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex II

Guidelines for combustion emissions from activities as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC . .

Annex III Activity-specific guidelines for mineral oil refineries as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC . .

Annex IV Activity-specific guidelines for coke ovens as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex V

Activity-specific guidelines for metal ore roasting and sintering installations as listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex VI Activity-specific guidelines for installation for the production of pig iron and steel

including
continuous casting as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex VII: Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the production of cement clinker as listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex VIII Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the production of lime as listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex IX Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the manufacture of glass as listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex X

Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the manufacture of ceramic products as listed in
Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex XI Activity-specific guidelines for pulp and paper producing installations as listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex XII Guidelines for determination of greenhouse gas emissions by continuous emission measurement
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

5

48

55

57

61

64

68

73

76

78

83

85

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ANNEX I

GENERAL GUIDELINES

CONTENTS

1.

2.

3.

4.

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

5.

5.1.

5.2.

5.3.

5.4.

5.5.

5.6.

5.7.

6.

6.1.

6.2.

6.3.

7.

7.1.

7.2.

8.

9.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monitoring and reporting principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculation and measurement based methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The monitoring plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculation-based methodologies for CO2 emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculation formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tiers of approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fall-back approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Activity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emission factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oxidation and conversion factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transferred CO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measurement-based methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tiers for measurement-based methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Further procedures and requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uncertainty assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Retention of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.

Control and verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.1.

Data acquisition and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.2.

Control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.

Control activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.1.

Procedures and responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.2. Quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.3.

Reviews and validation of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

7

7

10

11

11

11

12

13

13

14

19

19

20

20

21

21

21

22

22

23

23

25

25

27

28

28

28

28

28

29

29

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10.3.4. Outsourced processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.5.

Corrections and corrective action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.6.

Records and documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.4.

Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.4.1. General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.4.2.

Verification methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.

12.

13.

Emission factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of CO2-neutral biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Determination of activity-specific data and factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.1.

Determination of net calorific values and emission factors for fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.2.

Determination of activity specific oxidation factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.3.

Determination of process emission factors, conversion factors and composition data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.4.

Determination of a biomass fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.5.

Requirements for determination of fuel and material properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.5.1. Use of accredited laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.5.2. Use of non-accredited laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.5.3. Online gas analyser and gas chromatographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.6.

Sampling methods and frequency of analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.

Reporting format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.1.

Identification of installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.2.

Overview activities and emissions within an installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.3.

Combustion emissions (calculation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.4.

Process emissions (calculation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.5.

Mass-balance approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.6.

Measurement approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.

Reporting categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.1.

IPCC reporting format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.2.

IPPC source category code of EPRTR Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.

Requirements for installations with low emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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34

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39

40

40

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1.

INTRODUCTION

This Annex contains the general guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of emissions from the activities listed
in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/ECof greenhouse gases specified in relation to those activities. Additional
guidelines on activity-specific emissions are set out in Annexes II-XI.

2.

DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Annex and Annexes II to XII the definitions of Directive 2003/87/EC shall apply.

1.

In addition the following basic definitions shall apply:

(a)

‘activities’ means the activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC;

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

‘competent authority’ means the competent authority or authorities designated in accordance with
Article 18 of the Directive 2003/87/EC;

‘emission source’ means a separately identifiable part (point or process) of an installation from which
relevant greenhouse gases are emitted;

‘source stream’ means a specific fuel type, raw material or product giving rise to emissions of relevant
greenhouse gases at one or more emission sources as a result of its consumption or production;

‘monitoring methodology’ means the sum of approaches used by an operator to determine the
emissions of a given installation;

‘monitoring plan’ means a detailed, complete and transparent documentation of the monitoring
methodology of a specific installation, including documentation of the data acquisition and data
handling activities, and the system to control the trueness thereof;

(g)

‘tier’ means a specific element of a methodology for determining activity data, emission factors and
oxidation or conversion factors;

(h)

‘annual’ means a period of time covering a calendar year from 1 January to 31 December;

(i)

(j)

‘reporting period’ means one calendar year during which emissions have to be monitored and
reported;

‘trading period’ means a multiple year phase of the emission trading scheme (e.g. 2005-2007 or
2008-2012) for which a national allocation plan is issued by the Member State in accordance with
Article 11(1) and (2) of the Directive 2003/87/EC.

2.

The following definitions shall apply in relation to emissions, fuels and materials:

(a)

(b)

‘combustion emissions’ means greenhouse gas emissions occurring during the exothermic reaction of
a fuel with oxygen;

‘process emissions’ means greenhouse gas emissions other than combustion emissions occurring as a
result of
intentional and unintentional reactions between substances or their transformation,
including the chemical or electrolytic reduction of metal ores, the thermal decomposition of
substances, and the formation of substances for use as product or feedstock;

(c)

‘inherent CO2’ means CO2 which is part of a fuel;

(d)

(e)

(f)

‘conservative’ means that a set of assumptions is defined in order to ensure that no under-estimation
of annual emissions occurs;

‘batch’ means an amount of
transferred as one shipment or continuously over a specific period of time;

fuel or material representatively sampled and characterised and

‘commercially traded fuels’ means fuels of specified composition which are frequently and freely
traded, if the specific batch has been traded between economically-independent parties, including all
commercial standard fuels, natural gas, light and heavy fuel oil, coal, petroleum coke;

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(g)

(h)

‘commercially traded materials’ means materials of specified composition which are frequently and
freely traded, if the specific batch has been traded between economically independent parties;

‘commercial standard fuel’ means the internationally standardised commercial fuels which exhibit a
95 % confidence interval of not more than ± 1 % for their specified calorific value, including gas oil,
light fuel oil, gasoline, lamp oil, kerosene, ethane, propane and butane.

3.

The following definitions shall apply in relation to measurement:

(a)

(b)

‘accuracy’ means the closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and the true
value of the particular quantity (or a reference value determined empirically using internationally
accepted and traceable calibration materials and standard methods), taking into account both,
random and systematic factors;

‘uncertainty’ means a parameter, associated with the result of the determination of a quantity, that
characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the particular
quantity, including the effects of systematic as well as of random factors and expressed in per cent and
describes a confidence interval around the mean value comprising 95 % of inferred values taking into
account any asymmetry of the distribution of values;

(c)

‘arithmetic mean’ means the sum of all the members of a set of values divided by the number of items
in the set;

(d)

‘measurement’ means a set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity;

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

‘measurement instrument’ means a device intended to be used to make measurements, alone or in
conjunction with supplementary device(s);

‘measurement system’ means a complete set of measurement instruments and other equipment, like
sampling and data processing equipment, used for the determination of variables like the activity data,
the carbon content, the calorific value or the emission factor of the CO2 emissions;

‘calibration’ means the set of operations, which establish, under specified conditions, the relations
between values indicated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or values represented by a
material measure or a reference material and the corresponding values of a quantity realised by a
reference standard;

‘continuous emission measurement’ means a set of operations having the objective of determining the
value of a quantity by means of periodic (several per hour) measurements, applying either in-situ
measurements in the stack or extractive procedures with a measurement instrument located close to
the stack; it does not include measurement approaches based on the collection of individual samples
from the stack;

(i)

‘standard conditions’ means temperature of 273,15 K (i.e. 0 oC) and pressure conditions of 101 325
Pa defining normal cubic meters (Nm3).

4.

The following definitions relating to calculation-based methodologies and measurement-based methodol-
ogies for CO2 emissions shall apply:

(a)

‘unreasonable costs’ means costs of a measure disproportionate to its overall benefits as established by
the competent authority. In respect to the choice of tier levels, the threshold may be defined as the
value of the allowances corresponding to an improvement of the level of accuracy. For measures
increasing the quality of reported emissions but without direct impact on accuracy, unreasonable cost
may correspond to a fraction exceeding an indicative threshold of 1 % of the average value of the
available emissions data reported for the previous trading period. For installations without this
history, data from representative installations carrying out the same or comparable activities are used
as reference and scaled according to their capacity.

(b)

‘technically feasible’ means that technical resources capable of meeting the needs of a proposed
system can be acquired by the operator in the required time;

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(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

‘de minimis source streams’ means a group of minor source streams selected by the operator and
jointly emitting 1 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 or less per year, or that contribute less than 2 % (up to a
total maximum contribution of 20 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 per year) of total annual emissions of
fossil CO2 of that installation before subtraction of transferred CO2, whichever is the highest in terms
of absolute emissions;

‘major source streams’ means a group of source streams which do not belong to the group of ‘minor
source streams’;

‘minor source streams’ means those source streams selected by the operator to jointly emit 5
kilotonnes of fossil CO2 or less per year or to contribute less than 10 % (up to a total maximum
contribution of 100 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 per year), to the total annual emissions of fossil CO2 of
an installation before subtraction of transferred CO2, whichever is the highest in terms of absolute
emissions.

‘biomass’ means non-fossilised and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals
and micro-organisms, including products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry
and related industries as well as the non-fossilised and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial
and municipal wastes, including gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition of non-fossilised
and biodegradable organic material;

‘pure’ relating to a substance means that a material or fuel consists of at least 97 % (related to mass) of
the specified substance or element — corresponding to the commercial classification of ‘purum’. For
biomass this relates to the fraction of biomass carbon in the total amount of carbon in the fuel or
material;

‘energy-balance method’ means a method to estimate the amount of energy used as fuel in a boiler,
calculated as sum of utilisable heat and all relevant losses of energy by radiation, transmission and via
the flue gas.

5.

the following definitions relating to control and verification shall apply:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

‘control risks’ means the susceptibility of a parameter in the Annual Emissions Report to material
misstatements that will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis by the control
system;

‘detection risk’ means the risk that the verifier will not detect a material misstatement or a material
non-conformity;

‘inherent risk’ means the susceptibility of a parameter in the annual emissions report to material
misstatements, assuming that there were no related control activities;

‘verification risk’ means the risk that the verifier expresses an inappropriate verification opinion.
Verification risk is a function of inherent risks, control risks, and the detection risk;

‘reasonable assurance’ means a high but not absolute level of assurance, expressed positively in the
verification opinion, whether the emissions report subject to verification is free from material
misstatement and whether the installation does not have material non-conformities;

‘materiality level’ means the quantitative threshold or cut-off point to be used to determine the
appropriate verification opinion on the emission data reported in the annual emissions report;

‘level of assurance’ means the degree to which the verifier is confident in the verification conclusions
that it has been proved whether or not the information reported in the annual emission report for an
installation is free from material misstatement;

‘non-conformity’ means any act or omission of an act by the installation being under verification,
either intentional or unintentional, that is contrary to the requirements in the monitoring plan
approved by the competent authority under the installation's permit;

‘material non-conformity’ means that a non-conformity to the requirements in the monitoring plan
approved by the competent authority under the installation's permit, could lead to a different
treatment of the installation by the competent authority;

(omissions, misrepresentations and errors, not
‘material misstatement’ means a misstatement
considering the permissible uncertainty) in the annual emissions report that, to the professional

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judgment of the verifier, could affect the treatment of the annual emissions report by the competent
authority, e.g. when the misstatement exceeds the materiality level;

(k)

‘accreditation’ in the context of verification means the issuing of a statement by an accreditation body
based on its decision following a detailed assessment related to a verifier conveying formal
demonstration of its competence and independence to carry out verification in accordance with
specified requirements;

(l)

‘verification’ means the activities carried out by a verifier to be able to provide a verification opinion
as described in Article 15 and Annex V of the Directive 2003/87/EC;

(m)

‘verifier’ means a competent, independent, accredited verification body or person with responsibility
in accordance with the detailed
for performing and reporting on the verification process,
requirements established by the Member State pursuant to Annex V of the Directive 2003/87/EC.

3.

MONITORING AND REPORTING PRINCIPLES

To ensure the accurate and verifiable monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions under Directive
2003/87/EC, monitoring and reporting shall be based on the following principles:

Completeness. Monitoring and reporting for an installation shall cover all process and combustion emissions
from all emission sources and source streams belonging to activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC
and of all greenhouse gases specified in relation to those activities while avoiding double-counting.

Consistency. Monitored and reported emissions shall be comparable over time, using the same monitoring
methodologies and data sets. Monitoring methodologies can be changed in accordance with the provisions of
these Guidelines if the accuracy of the reported data is improved. Changes in monitoring methodologies shall be
subject to approval from the competent authority and shall be fully documented in accordance with these
guidelines.

Transparency. Monitoring data,
including assumptions, references, activity data, emission factors, oxidation
factors and conversion factors shall be obtained, recorded, compiled, analysed and documented in a manner that
enables the reproduction of the determination of emissions by the verifier and the competent authority.

Trueness.
It shall be ensured that the emission determination is systematically neither over nor under true
emissions. Sources of uncertainties shall be identified and reduced as far as practicable. Due diligence shall be
exercised to ensure that the calculation and measurement of emissions exhibit highest achievable accuracy. The
operator shall enable reasonable assurance of the integrity of reported emissions to be determined. Emissions shall
be determined using the appropriate monitoring methodologies set out in these Guidelines. All metering or other
testing equipment used to report monitoring data shall be appropriately applied, maintained and calibrated, and
checked. Spreadsheets and other tools used to store and manipulate monitoring data shall be free from error.
Reported emissions and related disclosures shall be free from material misstatement, avoid bias in the selection
and presentation of information, and provide a credible and balanced account of an installation's emissions.

Cost effectiveness.
In selecting a monitoring methodology, the improvements from greater accuracy shall be
balanced against the additional costs. Hence, monitoring and reporting of emissions shall aim for the highest
achievable accuracy, unless this is technically not feasible or will lead to unreasonably high costs. The monitoring
methodology itself shall describe the instructions to the operator in a logical and simple manner, avoiding
duplication of effort and taking into account the existing systems in place at the installation.

Faithfulness. A verified emissions report shall be capable of being depended upon by users to represent faithfully
that which it either purports to represent or could reasonably be expected to represent.

Improvement of performance in monitoring and reporting emissions. The process of verifying the emission reports
shall be an effective and reliable tool in its support of quality assurance and quality control procedures, providing
information upon which an operator can act to improve its performance in monitoring and reporting emissions.

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4.

MONITORING OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

4.1.

BOUNDARIES

The monitoring and reporting process for an installation shall include all relevant greenhouse gas emissions from
all emission sources and/or source streams belonging to activities carried out at the installation and listed in
Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, as well as from activities and greenhouse gases included by a Member State
pursuant Article 24 of Directive 2003/87/EC.

Article 6(2)(b) of Directive 2003/87/EC requires that greenhouse gas emissions permits shall contain a description
of the activities and emissions from the installation. Therefore, all emission sources and source streams from
activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC that are to be monitored and reported shall be listed in the
permit. Article 6(2)(c) of Directive 2003/87/EC requires that greenhouse gas emissions permits shall contain
monitoring requirements, specifying monitoring methodology and frequency.

Emissions from mobile internal combustion engines for transportation purposes shall be excluded from the
emission estimates.

The monitoring of emissions shall include emissions from regular operations and abnormal events including
start-up and shut-down, and emergency situations over the reporting period.

If the separate or combined production capacities, or outputs of one or several activities belonging to the same
activity subheading in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC exceed the respective threshold defined in that Annex in
one installation or on one site, all emissions from all emission sources and/or source streams of all activities listed
in that Annex in the respective installation or site shall be monitored and reported.

Whether an additional combustion installation, such as a combined heat and power installation, is regarded as
part of an installation carrying out another Annex I activity or as a separate installation depends on local
circumstances and shall be established in the installation's greenhouse gas emission permit.

All emissions from an installation shall be assigned to that installation, regardless of exports of heat or electricity
to other installations. Emissions associated with the production of heat or electricity imported from other
installations shall not be assigned to the importing installation.

4.2.

CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT-BASED METHODOLOGIES

Annex IV to Directive 2003/87/EC permits a determination of emissions using either:

— a calculation-based methodology, determining emissions from source streams based on activity data
obtained by means of measurement systems and additional parameters from laboratory analyses or
standard factors;

— a measurement-based methodology, determining emissions from an emission source by means of
continuous measurement of the concentration of the relevant greenhouse gas in the flue gas and of the flue
gas flow.

The operator may propose to use a measurement based methodology if he can demonstrate that:

— it reliably results in a more accurate value of annual emissions of the installation than an alternative

calculation based methodology, while avoiding unreasonable costs; and

— the comparison between measurement and calculation-based methodology is based on an identical set of

emission sources and source streams.

The use of a measurement-based methodology shall be subject to the approval of the competent authority. For
each reporting period the operator shall corroborate the measured emissions by means of calculation-based
methodology in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.3(c).

The operator may, with the approval of the competent authority, combine measurement and calculation-based
methodologies for different emission sources and source streams belonging to one installation. The operator shall
ensure and demonstrate that neither gaps nor double counting concerning emissions occur.

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4.3.

THE MONITORING PLAN

Pursuant to Article 6(2)(c) of Directive 2003/87/EC greenhouse gas emissions permits shall contain monitoring
requirements, specifying monitoring methodology and frequency.

The monitoring methodology is part of the monitoring plan which shall be approved by the competent authority
in accordance with the criteria set out in this Section and its subsections. The Member State or its competent
authorities shall ensure that the monitoring methodology to be applied by installations shall be specified either
under the conditions of the permit or, where consistent with Directive 2003/87/EC, in general binding rules.

The competent authority shall check and approve the monitoring plan prepared by the operator before the start
of the reporting period, and again after any substantial changes to the monitoring methodology are applied to an
installation as listed three paragraphs below.

Subject to Section 16, the monitoring plan shall contain the following contents:

(a)

the description of the installation and activities carried out by the installation to be monitored;

(b)

information on responsibilities for monitoring and reporting within the installation;

(c)

a list of emissions sources and source streams to be monitored for each activity carried out within the
installation;

(d)

a description of the calculation-based methodology or measurement-based methodology to be used;

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

a list and description of the tiers for activity data, emission factors, oxidation and conversion factors for each
of the source streams to be monitored;

a description of the measurement systems, and the specification and exact location of the measurement
instruments to be used for each of the source streams to be monitored;

evidence demonstrating compliance with the uncertainty thresholds for activity data and other parameters
(where applicable) for the applied tiers for each source stream;

if applicable, a description of the approach to be used for the sampling of fuel and materials for the
determination of net calorific value, carbon content, emission factors, oxidation and conversion factor and
biomass content for each of the source streams;

a description of the intended sources or analytical approaches for the determination of the net calorific
values, carbon content, emission factor, oxidation factor, conversion factor or biomass fraction for each of
the source streams;

if applicable, a list and description of non-accredited laboratories and relevant analytical procedures
including a list of all relevant quality assurance measures, e.g. inter-laboratory comparisons as described in
Section 13.5.2;

if applicable, a description of continuous emission measurement systems to be used for the monitoring of
an emission source,
frequency of measurements, equipment used,
calibration procedures, data collection and storage procedures and the approach for corroborating
calculation and the reporting of activity data, emission factors and alike;

the points of measurement,

i.e.

(l)

if applicable, where the so-called ‘fall-back approach’ (Section 5.3) is applied: a comprehensive description
of the approach and the uncertainty analysis, if not already covered by items (a) to (k) of this list;

(m)

a description of the procedures for data acquisition, handling activities and control activities as well as a
description of the activities (see Section 10.1-3);

(n) where applicable, information on relevant links with activities undertaken under the Community eco-
management
(e.g.
and other
ISO14001:2004), in particular on procedures and controls with relevance to greenhouse gas emissions
monitoring and reporting.

environmental management

and audit

systems

(EMAS)

scheme

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The monitoring methodology shall be changed if this improves the accuracy of the reported data, unless this is
technically not feasible or would lead to unreasonably high costs.

A substantial change to the monitoring methodology as part of the monitoring plan shall be subject to the
approval of the competent authority if it concerns:

— a change of the categorisation of the installation as laid down in Table 1,

— a change between the calculation-based or the measurement-based methodology used to determine

emissions,

— an increase of the uncertainty of the activity data or other parameters (where applicable) which implies a

different tier level.

All other changes and proposed changes in monitoring methodology or the underlying data sets shall be notified
to the competent authority without undue delay after the operator has become aware of it or could in all
reasonableness have become aware of it, unless otherwise specified in the monitoring plan.

Changes to the monitoring plan shall be clearly stated, justified and fully documented in internal records of the
operator.

A competent authority shall require the operator to change its monitoring plan if its monitoring plan is no longer
in conformity with the rules laid down in these Guidelines.

To exchange information between the competent authorities and the Commission on monitoring, reporting and
verification under these guidelines and its coherent application Member States shall facilitate an annual quality
assurance and evaluation process of monitoring, reporting and verification initiated by the Commission pursuant
to Article 21(3) of Directive 2003/87/EC.

5.

5.1.

CALCULATION-BASED METHODOLOGIES FOR CO2 EMISSIONS

CALCULATION FORMULAE

Calculation of CO2 emissions shall be based either on the following formula:

CO2 emissions = activity data * emission factor * oxidation factor

or on an alternative approach if defined in the activity-specific guidelines.

The expressions within this formula are specified for combustion emission and process emissions as follows:

Combustion emissions

Activity data shall be based on fuel consumption. The quantity of fuel used shall be expressed in terms of energy
content as TJ, unless otherwise indicated in these guidelines. The emission factor shall be expressed as tCO2/TJ,
unless otherwise indicated in these guidelines. When a fuel is consumed not all of the carbon in the fuel is
oxidised to CO2. Incomplete oxidation occurs due to inefficiencies in the combustion process that leave some of
the carbon unburned or partly oxidised as soot or ash. Un-oxidised or partially oxidized carbon is taken into
account in the oxidation factor which shall be expressed as a fraction. The oxidation factor shall be expressed as a
fraction of one. The resulting calculation formula is:

CO2 emissions = fuel flow [t or Nm3] * net calorific value [TJ/t or TJ/Nm3] * emission factor [tCO2/TJ] * oxidation
factor

The calculation of combustion emissions is further specified in Annex II.

Process emissions

Activity data shall be based on material consumption, throughput or production output and expressed in t or
Nm3. The emission factor shall be expressed in [tCO2/t or tCO2/Nm3]. Carbon contained in input materials, which
is not converted to CO2 during the process, is taken into account in the conversion factor which shall be

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expressed as a fraction. In the event that a conversion factor is taken into account in the emission factor, a
separate conversion factor shall not be applied. The quantity of input material used shall be expressed in terms of
mass or volume [t or Nm3]. The resulting calculation formula is:

CO2 emissions = activity data [t or Nm3] * emission factor [tCO2/t or Nm3] * conversion factor

The calculation of process emissions is further specified in the activity-specific guidelines in the Annexes II-XI. Not
all calculation methods in Annexes II-XI use a conversion factor.

5.2.

TIERS OF APPROACHES

The activity-specific guidelines set out in Annexes II to XI contain specific methodologies for determining the
following variables: activity data (consisting of the two variables fuel/material flow and net calorific value),
emission factors, composition data, oxidation and conversion factors. These different approaches are referred to as
tiers. The increasing numbering of tiers from one upwards reflects increasing levels of accuracy, with the highest
numbered tier as the preferred tier.

The operator may apply different approved tier levels to the different variables fuel/material flow, net calorific
value, emission factors, composition data, oxidation or conversion factors used within a single calculation. The
choice of tiers shall be subject to approval by the competent authority (see Section 4.3).

Equivalent tiers are referred to with the same tier number and a specific alphabetic character (e.g. Tier 2a and 2b).
For those activities where alternative calculation methods are provided within these guidelines (e.g. in Annex VII,
‘Method A — kiln input based’ and ‘Method B — clinker output based’) an operator may only change from one
method to the other if he can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that such change will
lead to a more accurate monitoring and reporting of the emissions of the relevant activity.

The highest tier approach shall be used by all operators to determine all variables for all source streams for all
category B or C installations. Only if it is shown to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the highest tier
approach is technically not feasible or will lead to unreasonably high costs, may a next lower tier be used for that
variable within a monitoring methodology. For installations with emissions of more than 500 kilotonnes of fossil
CO2 annually (i.e. the ‘Category C installations’), the Member State shall notify to the Commission pursuant to
Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC if the application of a combination of highest tier approaches for all major
source streams does not take place.

Subject to Section 16 Member States shall ensure that operators apply for all major source streams, as a minimum
the tiers as set out in Table 1 below, unless this is technically not feasible.

Both subject to approval by the competent authority, the operator may select as a minimum the Tier 1 level for
the variables used to calculate emissions from minor source streams and apply approaches for monitoring and
reporting using his own no-tier estimation method for de minimis source streams.

The operator shall without undue delay propose changes to the tiers applied when:

— accessible data has changed, allowing for higher accuracy in the determination of emissions,

— previously non-existent emission has started,

— the range of fuels or relevant raw materials has substantially changed,

— errors were detected in data resulting from the monitoring methodology,

— the competent authority has requested a change.

For biomass fuel and materials qualifying as pure, no-tier approaches may be applied for installations, or
technically identifiable parts thereof, unless the respective value is to be used for the subtraction of biomass
derived CO2 from emissions determined by means of continuous emission measurement. These no-tier
approaches include the energy-balance method. Emissions of CO2 from fossil contaminants to fuels and materials

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qualifying as pure biomass shall be reported under the biomass source stream and may be estimated using no-tier
approaches. Mixed fuels and materials containing biomass shall be characterised applying the provisions of
Section 13.4 of this Annex, unless the source stream qualifies as de minimis.

If the highest tier methodology or the variable-specific agreed tier is temporarily not feasible for technical reasons
an operator may apply the highest achievable tier until such time as the conditions for application of the former
tier have been restored. The operator shall, without undue delay, provide proof of the necessity for a change of
tiers to the competent authority and details of the interim monitoring methodology. The operator shall take all
necessary action to allow the prompt restoration of the original tier for monitoring and reporting purposes.

Changes of tiers shall be fully documented. The treatment of minor data gaps which result from downtimes of
measurement systems shall follow good professional practice ensuring a conservative estimation of emissions,
considering the provisions of the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on the
General Principles of Monitoring of July 2003 (1). When tiers are changed within a reporting period the results for
the affected activity shall be calculated and reported as separate sections of the annual report to the competent
authority for the respective parts of the reporting period.

(1) Available through: http://eippcb.jrc.es/

Table 1

Minimum requirements

(‘n.a.’ means ‘not applicable’)

Column A for ‘category A installations’ (means installations with average reported annual emissions over the previous trading period (or a conservative estimate or projection if reported emissions are not
available or no longer applicable) equal to or less than 50 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 before subtraction of transferred CO2),

Column B for ‘category B installations’ (means installations with average reported annual emissions over the previous trading period (or a conservative estimate or projection if reported emissions are not
available or no longer applicable) of greater 50 kilotonnes and equal to or less than 500 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 before subtraction of transferred CO2) and,

Column C for ‘category C installations’ (means installations with average reported annual emissions over the previous trading period (or a conservative estimate or projection if reported emissions are not
available or no longer applicable) of greater than 500 kilotonnes of fossil CO2 before subtraction of transferred CO2).

Activity data

Fuel flow

Net calorific value

Emission factor

Composition data

Oxidation factor

Conversion factor

Annex/Activity

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

II:

Combustion

Commercial
dard fuels

stan-

Other gaseous and
liquid fuels

Solid fuels

Mass-balance
approach for carbon
black production and
gas processing term-
inals

Flares

Scrubbing

Carbonate
Gypsum

2

2

1

1

1

1
1

3

3

2

2

2

1
1

4

4

3

3

3

1
1

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

3

3

3

2a/2b

2a/2b

2a/2b

3

3

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

2

n.a.

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

1

1
1

2a/b

1
1

3

1
1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

n.a.
n.a.

L

2
2
9
/
1
6

E
N

O

f
f
i
c
i
a
l

J
o
u
r
n
a
l

o
f

t
h
e

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n

U
n
o
n

i

.

.

3
1
8
2
0
0
7

III: Refineries

Catalytic cracker regeneration

Hydrogen production

IV:

Coke ovens

Mass balance

Fuel as process input

V: Metal ore roasting and sinter-

ing

Mass balance

Carbonate Input

VI:

Iron and steel

Mass balance

Fuel as process input

VII: Cement

Kiln input based

Clinker output

CKD

Non-carbonate carbon

VIII: Lime

Carbonates

Alkali earth oxide

IX: Glass

Carbonates

X:

Ceramic

Carbon inputs

Activity data

Material flow

Net calorific value

Emission factor

Composition data

Conversion factor

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

3

3

3

2

3

3

3

2

2

2

3

2

2

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

2

n.a.

1

n.a.

2

n.a.

3

n.a.

1

n.a.

2

n.a.

3

n.a.

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

3

1

3

2

2

1

1

1

3

n.a.

n.a.

2

n.a.

2

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3

n.a.

3

n.a.

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3

n.a.

3

n.a.

3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

n.a.

2

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

2

.

.

3
1
8
2
0
0
7

E
N

O

f
f
i
c
i
a
l

J
o
u
r
n
a
l

o
f

t
h
e

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n

U
n
o
n

i

L

2
2
9
/
1
7

Activity data

Material flow

Net calorific value

Emission factor

Composition data

Conversion factor

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

A

B

C

Alkali oxide

Scrubbing

XI:

Pulp and paper

Standard method

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

1

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1

n.a.

1

n.a.

2

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

L

2
2
9
/
1
8

E
N

O

f
f
i
c
i
a
l

J
o
u
r
n
a
l

o
f

t
h
e

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n

U
n
o
n

i

.

.

3
1
8
2
0
0
7

31.8.2007

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 229/19

5.3.

FALL-BACK APPROACHES

In cases for which it is technically not feasible or would lead to unreasonable costs to apply at least Tier 1
requirements for all (except the de minimis) source streams, the operator shall apply a so-called ‘fall-back approach’.
This exempts the operator from the application of Section 5.2 of this Annex and permits the design of a fully
customized monitoring methodology. The operator shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent
authority that by applying this alternative monitoring methodology for the whole installation, the overall
uncertainty thresholds given in Table 2 for the annual level of greenhouse gas emissions for the whole installation
are met.

The uncertainty analysis shall quantify the uncertainties of all variables and parameters used for the calculation of
the annual emission level taking into account the ISO — Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
(1995) (1) and ISO 5168:2005. The analysis shall be carried out before approval of the monitoring plan by the
competent authority on the basis of previous year data and shall be updated on an annual basis. This annual
update shall be prepared together with the annual emissions report and be subject to verification.

Respective installations applying the fall-back approach are to be notified by Member States to the Commission
pursuant to Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC. The operator shall determine and report in the annual emission
report, data where available, or best estimates of activity data, net calorific values, emission factors, oxidation
factors and other parameters — using laboratory analyses where appropriate. The respective approaches shall be
laid down in the monitoring plan and be approved by the competent authority. Table 2 does not apply for
installations determining their greenhouse gas emissions using continuous emission monitoring systems applying
Annex XII.

Table 2

Fall-back overall uncertainty thresholds

Installation category

Uncertainty threshold to be met for total annual emission
value

A

B

C

± 7,5 %

± 5,0 %

± 2,5 %

5.4.

ACTIVITY DATA

Activity data represents information on material flow, consumption of fuel, input material or production output
expressed as energy [TJ] (in exceptional cases also as mass or volume [t or Nm3], see Section 5.5) in the case of
fuels and mass or volume in the case of raw materials or products [t or Nm3].

The determination of activity data by the operator can be based on the invoiced amount of fuel or material
determined in compliance with Annex I and the approved tiers of Annexes II to XI.

Where activity data for the calculation of emissions cannot be determined directly, the activity data shall be
determined via an assessment of stock changes:

Material C = Material P + (Material S - Material E) - Material O

Where:

Material C:

Material processed during the reporting period

Material P:

Material purchased during the reporting period

Material S:

Material stock at the beginning of the reporting period

Material E:

Material stock at the end of the reporting period

Material O:

Material used for other purposes (transportation or re-sold)

(1) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, ISO/TAG 4. Published by the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) in

1993 (corrected and reprinted, 1995) in the name of the BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP and OIML.

L 229/20

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

31.8.2007

In cases in which it is technically not feasible or would lead to unreasonably high costs to determine ‘Material S’
and ‘Material E’ by direct measurement, the operator may estimate these two quantities based on

— data from previous years and correlation with output for the reporting period,

or

— documented methods and respective data in audited financial statements for the reporting period.

In cases in which a determination of annual activity data for precisely a whole calendar year is technically not
feasible or would lead to unreasonable costs, the operator may choose the next appropriate working day to
separate a reporting year from the following one. The deviations which could apply to one or several source
streams, shall be clearly recorded, form the basis of a value representative for the calendar year and be considered
consistently for the subsequent year.

5.5.

EMISSION FACTORS

Emission factors are based on the carbon content of fuels or input materials and expressed as tCO2/TJ
(combustion emissions), or tCO2/t or tCO2/Nm3 (process emissions).

In order to achieve highest
transparency and widest possible consistency with national greenhouse gas
inventories, the use of emission factors for a fuel expressed as tCO2/t rather than tCO2/TJ for combustion
emissions is restricted to cases where unreasonable costs would otherwise be incurred by the operator.

For the conversion of carbon into the respective value for CO2 the factor (1) of 3,664 [tCO2/t C] shall be used.

Emission factors and provisions for the development of activity-specific emission factors are set out below in
Section 11 and 13 of this Annex.

Biomass is considered as CO2 neutral. An emission factor of 0 [tCO2/TJ or t or Nm3] shall be applied to biomass.
An exemplary list of different types of materials accepted as biomass is given in Section 12 of this Annex.

For fuels or materials containing both fossil and biomass carbon, a weighted emission factor shall be applied,
based on the proportion of the fossil carbon in the fuel's overall carbon content. This calculation shall be
transparent and documented in accordance with the rules and procedures of Section 13 of this Annex.

Inherent CO2 which is transferred into an installation under the EU-ETS as part of a fuel (e.g. blast furnace gas,
coke oven gas or natural gas) shall be included in the emission factor for that fuel.

Subject to approval by the competent authority, inherent CO2 originating from a source stream but subsequently
being transferred out of an installation as part of a fuel may be deducted from the emissions of that installation —
independently of whether it is supplied to another EU-ETS installation or not. In any case, it shall be reported as a
memo item. Installations concerned are to be notified by Member States to the Commission under the obligations
of Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC.

5.6.

OXIDATION AND CONVERSION FACTORS

An oxidation factor for combustion emissions or a conversion factor for process emissions shall be used to reflect
the proportion of carbon which is not oxidised or converted in the process. For oxidation factors the requirement
to apply the highest tier is waived. If different fuels are used within an installation and activity specific oxidation
factors are calculated, subject to approval by the competent authority, the operator may determine one aggregate
oxidation factor for the activity and apply it to all fuels, or unless biomass is used, attribute incomplete oxidation
to one major fuel stream and use a value of 1 for the others.

(1) Based on the ratio of atomic masses of carbon (12,011) and oxygen (15,9994).

31.8.2007

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 229/21

5.7.

TRANSFERRED CO2

Subject to approval by the competent authority, the operator may subtract from the calculated level of emissions
of the installation any CO2 which is not emitted from the installation but transferred out of the installation as
pure substance, or directly used and bound in products or as feedstock, provided the subtraction is mirrored by a
respective reduction for the activity and installation which the respective Member State reports in its national
inventory submission to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The
respective amount of CO2 shall be reported as a memo item. Respective installations are to be notified by Member
States to the EU Commission under the obligations of Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC. Potential cases of
‘transferred CO2’ out of an installation include, inter alia:

— pure CO2 used for the carbonation of beverages,

— pure CO2 used as dry ice for cooling purposes,

— pure CO2 used as fire extinguishing agent, refrigerant or as laboratory gas,

— pure CO2 used for grains disinfestations,

— pure CO2 used as solvent in the food or chemical industry,

— CO2 used and bound in products or feedstocks in the chemical, pulp industry (e.g. for urea or precipitated

carbonates),

— carbonates bound in spray-dried absorption product (SDAP) from semi-dry scrubbing of flue gases.

The mass of annually transferred CO2 or carbonate shall be determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than
1,5 % either directly by using volume or mass flow meters, weighing or indirectly from the mass of the respective
product (e.g. carbonates or urea) where relevant and if appropriate.

In instances, in which part of the transferred CO2 was generated from biomass, or whenever an installation is only
partially covered by Directive 2003/87/EC, the operator shall subtract only the respective fraction of mass of
transferred CO2 which originates from fossil fuels and materials in activities covered by the Directive. Respective
attribution methods shall be conservative and are subject to approval by the competent authority.

6.

MEASUREMENT-BASED METHODOLOGIES

6.1.

GENERAL

As set out in Section 4.2, greenhouse gas emissions may be determined by a measurement-based methodology
using continuous emission measurement systems (CEMS) from all or selected emission sources using standardised
or accepted methods once the operator has received approval from the competent authority before the reporting
period that using a CEMS achieves greater accuracy than the calculation of emissions using the most accurate tier
approach. Specific approaches for measurement based methodologies are laid down in Annex XII of these
guidelines. Installations applying CEMS as part of their monitoring system are to be notified by Member States to
the EU Commission pursuant to Article 21 of Directive 2003/87/EC.

The procedures applied for the measurement of concentrations, as well as for mass or volume flows shall, where
available, be according to a standardised method that limits sampling and measurement bias and has a known
measurement uncertainty. CEN standards (i.e. those issued by the European Committee for Standardisation) shall
be used,
if available. If CEN standards are not available, suitable ISO standards (i.e. those issued by the
International Standardisation Organisation) or national standards shall apply. Where no applicable standards
exist, procedures can be carried out where possible in accordance with suitable draft standards or industry best
practice guidelines.

Relevant ISO standards include, inter alia:

— ISO 12039:2001 Stationary source emissions — Determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and

oxygen — Performance characteristics and calibration of an automated measuring method,

— ISO 10396:2006 Stationary source emission — Sampling for the automated determination of gas

concentrations,

L 229/22

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

31.8.2007

— ISO 14164:1999 Stationary source emissions. Determination of the volume flow rate of gas streams in

ducts — automated method.

The biomass fraction of measured CO2 emissions shall be subtracted based on the calculation approach and shall
be reported as a memo item (see Section 14 of this Annex).

6.2.

TIERS FOR MEASUREMENT-BASED METHODOLOGIES

The highest tier level pursuant to Annex XII shall be used by the operator of an installation for each emission
source which is listed in the greenhouse gas emissions permit and for which relevant greenhouse gas emissions
are determined applying CEMS.

Only if it is shown to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the highest tier approach is technically not
feasible or will lead to unreasonably high costs, may a next lower tier be used for the relevant emission source.
Therefore, the selected tier shall reflect for each emission source the highest level of accuracy that is technically
feasible and does not lead to unreasonably high costs. The choice of tiers shall be subject to approval by the
competent authority (see Section 4.3).

For the reporting periods 2008-2012 as a minimum Tier 2 in Annex XII shall be applied unless technically not
feasible.

6.3.

FURTHER PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS

(a)

Sampling rates

Hourly averages (a valid hour of data) shall be computed for all elements of the emission determination (as
applicable) — as laid out in Annex XII — by using all data points available for that specific hour. In case of
equipment being out of control or out of operation for part of the hour, the hourly average shall be
calculated pro rata to the remaining data points for that specific hour. In case a valid hour of data cannot be
computed for an element of emission determination, as less than 50 % of the maximum number of hourly
data points (1) are available, the hour is lost. For each instance where a valid hour of data cannot be
computed, values for substitution according to the provisions of this Section shall be calculated.

(b) Missing data

Where a valid hour of data cannot be provided for one or more elements of emission calculation due to the
equipment being out of control (e.g. in case of calibration or interference errors) or out of operation, the
operator shall determine values for substitution for each missing hour of data as shown below.

(i)

Concentrations

In case a valid hour of data cannot be provided for a parameter directly measured as concentration
(e.g. GHGs, O2), a substitution value C*subst for that hour shall be calculated as follows:

C*subst ¼ C þ σC

With:

C the arithmetic mean of the concentration of the specific parameter,

σC_ the best estimate of the standard deviation of the concentration of the specific parameter.

Arithmetic mean and standard deviation are to be calculated at the end of the reporting period from
the whole set of emission data measured during the reporting period. If such a period is not
applicable due to essential technical changes at the installation, a representative timeframe, if possible
with a duration of one year, shall be agreed with the competent authority.

The calculation of arithmetic mean and standard deviation shall be presented to the verifier;

(1) With the number of maximum hourly data points resulting from the measurement frequency.

31.8.2007

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 229/23

(ii) Other parameters

In case a valid hour of data cannot be provided for the parameters not directly measured as
concentrations, substitute values of these parameters shall be obtained through a mass balance model
or the energy balance approach of process. The remaining measured elements of emission calculation
shall be used to validate the results.

The mass or energy balance model and underlying assumptions shall be clearly documented and
presented to the verifier together with the calculated results.

(c)

Corroborating calculation of emissions

Parallel to emission determination by a measurement based methodology, annual emissions of each
considered GHG shall be determined by calculation based on one of the following options:

(a)

calculation of emissions as laid down in the respective Annexes for the respective activities. For the
calculation of emissions, lower tiers (i.e. Tier 1 as a minimum) can generally be applied or;

(b)

calculation of emissions as laid down in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, e.g. Tier 1 methods may be used.

Deviations between the results from the measurement and the calculation approach can occur. The operator
shall explore the correlation between results from the measurement and the calculation approach, taking
into account that a generic deviation resulting from the two different approaches might exist. Taking this
correlation into account, the operator shall use the results of the calculation approach to cross-check results
from the measurement approach.

The operator shall determine and report in the annual emission report, relevant data where available or best
estimates of activity data, net calorific values, emission factors, oxidation factors and other parameters used
for the determination of emissions according to Annexes II to XI — using laboratory analyses where
appropriate. Respective approaches as well as the chosen method for the corroborating calculation shall be
laid down in the monitoring plan and be approved by the competent authority.

Where comparison with results of the calculation approach clearly indicates that results of the measurement
approach are not valid, the operator shall use substitution values as described under this Section.

7.

UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT

7.1.

CALCULATION

This Section is subject to Section 16 of this Annex. The operator shall have an understanding of main sources of
uncertainty when calculating emissions.

Under the calculation-based methodology following the provisions of Section 5.2, the competent authority will
have approved the combination of tiers for each source stream in an installation plus approved all other details of
the monitoring methodology for that installation as contained within the installation's permit. In doing so, the
competent authority has authorised the uncertainty directly resulting from correct application of the approved
monitoring methodology, and the evidence of that approval is the content of the permit. Stating the combination
of tiers in the emissions report shall constitute reporting uncertainty for the purposes of Directive 2003/87/EC.
Hence there is no further requirement to report on uncertainty if the calculation-based methodology is applied.

The uncertainty determined for the measurement system within the tier system shall comprise the specified
uncertainty of the applied measurement instruments, uncertainty associated with the calibration and any
additional uncertainty connected to how the measurement instruments are used in practice. The stated threshold
values within the tier system refer to the uncertainty associated to the value for one reporting period.

As regards commercially traded fuels or materials, competent authorities may permit the determination of the
annual fuel/material flow by the operator based solely on the invoiced amount of fuel or material without further
individual proof of associated uncertainties, provided that national legislation or the demonstrated application of
relevant national or international standards ensures that respective uncertainty requirements for activity data are
met for commercial transactions.

L 229/24

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

31.8.2007

In all other cases, the operator shall provide written proof of the uncertainty level associated with the
determination of activity data for each source stream in order to demonstrate compliance with the uncertainty
thresholds defined in Annexes II-XI of
these guidelines. The operator shall base the calculation on the
specifications as provided by the supplier of the measurement instruments. If the specifications are not available,
the operator shall provide for an uncertainty assessment of the measurement instrument. In both cases, he shall
take into account necessary corrections of these specifications from effects resulting from the actual use
conditions like ageing, conditions of the physical environment, calibration and maintenance. These corrections
may involve conservative expert judgement.

If measurement systems are applied, the operator shall take into account the cumulative effect of all components
of the measurement system on the uncertainty of the annual activity data using the error propagation law (1)
which yields two convenient rules for combining uncorrelated uncertainties under addition and multiplication or
respective conservative approximations if interdependent uncertainties occur:

(a)

for uncertainty of a sum (e.g. of individual contributions to an annual value):

for uncorrelated uncertainties:

q

Utotal ¼

for interdependent uncertainties:

Utotal ¼

Where:

ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ
Þ2
U1 • x1
ð

Þ2 þ ::: þ Un • xn
ð

Þ2 þ U2 • x2
ð

x1 þ x2 þ ::: þ xn
j

j

ð

U1 • x1

Þ þ U2 • x2

ð

x1 þ x2 þ ::: þ xn
j

Þ þ ::: þ Un • xn
ð
j

Þ

Utotal is the uncertainty of the sum, expressed as a percentage;

xi and Ui are the uncertain quantities and the percentage uncertainties associated with them, respectively;

(b)

for uncertainty of a product (e.g. of different parameters used to convert a meter reading into mass flow
data):

for uncorrelated uncertainties:

for interdependent uncertainties:

Where:

Utotal ¼

q

ﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃﬃ
2 þ ::: þ U2
1 þ U2
U2
n

Utotal ¼ U1 þ U2 þ ::: þ Un

Utotal is the uncertainty of the product, expressed as a percentage;

Ui are the percentage uncertainties associated with each of the quantities.

The operator, via the quality assurance and control process, shall manage and reduce the remaining
uncertainties of the emissions data in his emissions report. During the verification process, the verifier shall
check the correct application of the approved monitoring methodology, and shall assess the management
and reduction of remaining uncertainties via the operator's quality assurance and control procedures.

(1) Annex 1 of the 2000 Good Practice Guidance and in Annex I of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (Reporting instructions):

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/public.htm.

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7.2.

MEASUREMENT

As set out in Section 4.2, an operator can justify the use of measurement-based methodology if it reliably results
in a lower uncertainty than the relevant calculation-based methodology (compare Section 4.2). In order to
provide this justification to the competent authority, the operator shall report the quantitative results of a more
comprehensive uncertainty analysis considering the following sources of uncertainty taking into account
EN 14181.

— the specified uncertainty of continuous measurement equipment,

— uncertainties associated to the calibration,

— additional uncertainty connected to how the monitoring equipment is used in practice.

On the basis of the operator's justification, the competent authority may approve the operator's use of a
continuous emission measurement system for selected or all emission sources in an installation plus approve all
other details of the monitoring methodology for those emission sources, as to be contained within the
installation's permit. In doing so, the competent authority has authorised the uncertainty directly resulting from
correct application of the approved monitoring methodology, and the evidence of that approval is the content of
the permit.

The operator shall state the uncertainty figure resulting from this initial comprehensive uncertainty analysis in his
annual emissions report to the competent authority for the relevant emission sources and source streams, until
such point that the competent authority reviews the choice of measurement over calculation and requests that the
uncertainty figure be re-calculated. Stating this uncertainty figure in the emissions report shall constitute
reporting uncertainty for the purposes of Directive 2003/87/EC.

The operator, via the quality assurance and control process, shall manage and reduce the remaining uncertainties
of the emissions data in his emissions report. During the verification process, the verifier shall check the correct
application of the approved monitoring methodology, and shall assess the management and reduction of
remaining uncertainties via the operator's quality assurance and control procedures.

8.

REPORTING

Annex IV to Directive 2003/87/EC sets out the reporting requirements for installations. The reporting format set
out in Section 14 of this Annex and the information required therein shall be used as a basis for reporting of the
quantitative data unless an equivalent electronic standard protocol for annual reporting has been published by the
EU Commission.

The emission report covers annual emissions of a calendar year in a reporting period.

The report shall be verified in accordance with the detailed requirements established by the Member State
pursuant to Annex V to Directive 2003/87/EC. The operator shall submit the verified report to the competent
authority by 31 March each year for emissions during the preceding year.

Emission reports held by the competent authority shall be made available to the public by that authority subject
to the rules laid down in Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003
on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC (1). With regard to
the application of the exception laid down in Article 4(2)(d) of that Directive, operators may indicate in their
report which information they consider commercially sensitive.

Each operator shall include the following information in the report for an installation:

(1)

(2)

data identifying the installation, as specified in Annex IV to Directive 2003/87/EC, and its unique permit
number;

for all emissions sources and/or source streams the emission totals, chosen approach (measurement or
calculation), chosen tiers and method (if applicable), activity data (2), emission factors (3), and oxidation/
conversion factors (4). The following items, which are not accounted for in terms of emissions, shall be
reported as memo items: amounts of biomass combusted [TJ] or employed in processes [t or Nm3]; CO2

(1) OJ L 41, 14.2.2003, p. 26.
(2) Activity data for combustion activities shall be reported as energy (net calorific value) and mass. Biomass fuels or input materials also

have to be reported as activity data.
Emission factors for combustion activities shall be reported as CO2 emission per energy content.

(3)
(4) Conversion and oxidation factors shall be reported as dimensionless fractions.

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emissions [tCO2] from biomass where measurement is used to determine emissions; CO2 transferred from
an installation [tCO2]; inherent CO2 leaving the installation as part of a fuel;

(3)

if emission factors and activity data for fuels are related to mass instead of energy, the operator shall report
supplementary proxy data for the annual average net calorific value and emission factor for each fuel ‘proxy
data’ means annual values — substantiated empirically or by accepted sources — used to substitute data for
variables (i.e. fuel/material flow, net calorific value or emission, oxidation or conversion factors) required in
the default calculation approaches according to Annexes I-XI in order to ensure complete reporting when
the monitoring methodology does not generate all required variables;

(4)

if a mass-balance approach is applied operators shall report the mass flow, carbon and energy content for
each fuel and material stream into and out of the installation and their stocks;

(5)

if continuous emissions monitoring (Annex XII) is applied, the operator shall report the annual fossil CO2
emissions as well the CO2 emissions from biomass use. In addition, the operator shall report supplementary
proxy data for the annual average net calorific value and emission factor for each fuel or respective other
relevant parameters for materials and products as derived by means of the corroborating calculation;

(6)

if a fall-back approach according to Section 5.3 is applied, the operator shall report supplementary proxy
data for every parameter for which the approach does not produce the required data according to Annexes I
to XI;

(7) where fuel use occurs, but emissions are calculated as process emissions, the operator shall report
supplementary proxy data for the respective variables of the default emission calculation for combustion
emissions for these fuels;

(8)

temporal or permanent changes of tiers, reasons for these changes, starting date for changes, and starting
and ending dates of temporal changes;

(9)

any other changes in the installation during the reporting period that may be relevant for the emissions
report.

Information to be provided under (8) and (9) and supplementary information to be provided under (2) is not
suitable for presentation in the tabulated form of the reporting format and shall therefore be included in the
annual emission report as plain text.

Fuels and resulting emissions shall be reported using the IPCC fuel categories (see Section 11 of this Annex) which
are based on the definitions of the International Energy Agency. In the event that the Member State relevant to the
operator has published a list of fuel categories including definitions and emission factors consistent with its latest
national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
these categories and their emissions factors shall be used if approved under the relevant monitoring methodology.

In addition, waste types and emissions resulting from their use as fuels or input materials shall be reported. The
waste types shall be reported using the classification of the Community list of wastes specified in Commission
Decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to
Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of
hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste (1). The respective
six-digit codes shall be added to the names of the relevant waste types used in the installation.

Emissions occurring from different emission sources or source streams of the same type of a single installation
belonging to the same type of activity may be reported in an aggregate manner for the type of activity.

Emissions shall be reported as rounded tonnes of CO2 (for example 1 245 978 tonnes). Activity data, emission
factors and oxidation or conversion factors shall be rounded to include only significant digits both for emission
calculations and reporting purposes.

(1) OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3. Most recently amended by Council Decision 2001/573/EC (OJ L 203, 28.7.2001, p. 18).

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In order to achieve consistency between data reported under Directive 2003/87/EC and data reported by Member
States under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and other emission data reported for the
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (EPRTR), each activity carried out by an installation shall be
labelled applying the codes from the following two reporting schemes:

(a)

the Common Reporting Format for national greenhouse gas inventory systems as approved by the
respective bodies of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (see Section 15.1 of this
Annex);

(b)

the IPPC code of Annex I of Regulation 166/2006 on the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
(EPRTR) (see Section 15.2 below).

9.

RETENTION OF INFORMATION

An operator of an installation shall document and archive monitoring data for the installation's emissions from all
emission sources and/or source streams belonging to activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC of
greenhouse gases specified in relation to those activities.

The documented and archived monitoring data shall be sufficient to allow for the verification of the annual
emissions report of an installation's emissions submitted by the operator pursuant to Article 14(3) of Directive
2003/87/EC, in accordance with the criteria set out in Annex V to that Directive.

Data that are not part of the annual emissions report shall not be required to be reported or made public
otherwise.

To allow reproducibility of the determination of emissions by the verifier or another third party, an operator of an
installation shall retain the following information for at least ten years after the submission of the report pursuant
to Article 14(3) of Directive 2003/87/EC for each reporting year:

For calculation-based methodologies:

— the list of all source streams monitored,

— the activity data used for any calculation of the emissions for each source stream, categorised by process and

fuel, or material type,

— documents justifying the selection of the monitoring methodology and the documents justifying temporal

or non-temporal changes of monitoring methodologies and tiers approved by the competent authority,

— documentation of the monitoring methodology and results from the development of activity-specific
emission factors and biomass fractions for specific fuels, and oxidation or conversion factors, and respective
proofs of approval from the competent authority,

— documentation of the process of collection of activity data for the installation and its source streams,

— the activity data, emission, oxidation or conversion factors submitted to the competent authority for the

national allocation plan for years preceding the time period covered by the trading scheme,

— documentation of the responsibilities in connection to the emissions monitoring,

— the annual emissions report, and

— any other information that is identified as required for the verification of the annual emissions report.

The following additional information shall be retained for measurement-based methodologies:

— the list of all emission sources monitored,

— documentation justifying the selection of a measurement-based methodology,

— the data used for the uncertainty analysis of emissions from each emission source, categorised by process,

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— the data used for the corroborating calculations,

— a detailed technical description of the continuous measurement system including the documentation of the

approval from the competent authority,

— raw and aggregated data from the continuous measurement system, including documentation of changes

over time, the log-book on tests, down-times, calibrations, servicing and maintenance,

— documentation of any changes of the continuous measurement system.

10.

CONTROL AND VERIFICATION

The control and verification of emissions is subject to Section 16 of this Annex.

10.1.

DATA ACQUISITION AND HANDLING

The operator shall establish, document, implement and maintain effective data acquisition and handling activities
(hereinafter referred to as data flow activities) for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions in
accordance with the approved monitoring plan, the permit and these guidelines. These data flow activities include
measuring, monitoring, analyzing, recording, processing and calculating parameters in order to be able to report
on the greenhouse gas emissions.

10.2.

CONTROL SYSTEM

The operator shall establish, document, implement and maintain an effective control system to ensure that the
annual emissions report, resulting from the data flow activities does not contain misstatements and is in
conformance with the approved monitoring plan, the permit and these guidelines.

The operator's control system is made up of the processes aimed at effective monitoring and reporting as designed
and implemented by those in charge of annual emissions reporting. The control system consists of the following
components:

(a)

the operator's own assessment process of inherent and control risks to errors, misrepresentations or
omissions (misstatements) in the annual emissions report, and non-conformities against the approved
monitoring plan, the permit and these guidelines;

(b)

control activities that help to mitigate the identified risks.

The operator shall evaluate and improve his control system to ensure that the annual emissions report is not
materially misstated or contains a material non-conformity. The evaluations shall include internal audits of
the control system and the data reported. The control system may make reference to other procedures and
documents, including those in management systems EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), ISO
14001:2004 (Environmental management systems — Specification with guidance for use), ISO 9001:2000
and financial control systems. When such a reference has been made, the operator shall ensure that the
requirements in the approved monitoring plan, the permit and these guidelines are arranged for in the
respective applicable system.

10.3.

CONTROL ACTIVITIES

For the purposes of controlling and mitigating the inherent and control risks pursuant to Chapter 10.2 the
operator shall identify and implement control activities in accordance with the following Sections 10.3.1 to
10.3.6.

10.3.1.

PROCEDURES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The operator shall assign responsibilities to all data flow activities and to all control activities. Conflicting duties
shall be segregated, including handling and control activities, where possible and otherwise alternative controls
shall be put in place.

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The operator shall document the data flow activities pursuant to Section 10.1 and the control activities pursuant
to Sections 10.3.2 to 10.3.6 in written procedures, including:

— the sequence and interaction of data acquisition and handling activities according to 10.1, including the

methods of calculations or measurement which are used,

— risk assessment of the definition and evaluations of the control system according to 10.2,

— management of the necessary competences for the responsibilities assigned according to 10.3.1,

— quality assurance of the measuring equipment and information technology used (if applicable) according to

10.3.2,

— internal reviews of reported data according to 10.3.3,

— outsourced processes according to 10.3.4,

— corrections and corrective action according to 10.3.5,

— records and documentation according to 10.3.6.

Each of these procedures shall address (where appropriate) the following elements:

— responsibilities,

— records (electronic and physical, whatever is applicable and suitable),

— information systems used (if applicable),

— input and output, and clear linkage with previous and next activity,

— frequency (if applicable).

The procedures shall be suitable to mitigate the identified risks.

10.3.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE

The operator shall ensure that relevant measuring equipment is calibrated, adjusted and checked at regular
intervals including prior to use, and checked against measurement standards traceable to international
measurement standards where available, in accordance with the risks identified according to 10.2. The operator
shall identify in the monitoring plan if components of the measurement instrument cannot be calibrated, and
propose alternative control activities, which need approval of the competent authority. When the equipment is
found not to conform to requirements, the operator shall promptly take necessary remedial action. Records of the
results of calibration and authentication shall be retained for the period of 10 years.

If the operator uses information technology, including process-control computer technology, it shall be designed,
documented, tested, implemented, controlled and maintained as a way to ensure reliable, accurate and timely
processing of data in accordance with the risks identified according to 10.2. This includes the proper use of
calculation formulae contained in the monitoring plan. The control of information technology shall include
access control, back up, recovery, continuity planning and security.

10.3.3.

REVIEWS AND VALIDATION OF DATA

For managing the data flow, the operator shall design and implement reviews and validation of data in accordance
with the risks identified according to 10.2. These validations may be conducted either manually or electronically.
They shall be designed in such a way that boundaries for rejecting the data are clear upfront, where possible.

Simple and effective data reviews may be performed at the operational level by comparisons of monitored values
using vertical and horizontal approaches.

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A vertical approach compares emissions data monitored for the same installation in different years. A monitoring
error is likely if differences between annual data cannot be explained by:

— changes in activity levels,

— changes concerning fuels or input material,

— changes concerning the emitting processes (e.g. energy efficiency improvements).

A horizontal approach compares values resulting from different operational data collection systems, including:

— comparison of fuel or material purchasing data with data on stock changes (based on information on end

stock and begin stock) and data on consumption for the applicable source streams,

— comparison of emission factors that have been analysed, calculated or obtained from the fuel supplier, to

national or international reference emission factors of comparable fuels,

— comparison of emission factors based on fuel analyses to national or international reference emission

factors of comparable fuels,

— comparison of measured and calculated emissions.

10.3.4. OUTSOURCED PROCESSES

Where an operator chooses to outsource any process in the data flow, the operator shall control the quality of
these processes in accordance with the risks identified according to 10.2. The operator shall define appropriate
requirements for outputs and methods, and review the quality delivered.

10.3.5.

CORRECTIONS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

When any part of the data flow activities or control activities (device, equipment, staff member, supplier,
procedure or other) is found not to function effectively or to function outside set boundaries, the operator shall
promptly take appropriate corrections and the rejected data shall be corrected. The operator shall assess the
validity of the outputs of the applicable steps, determine the root cause of the malfunctioning or error, and take
appropriate corrective action.

The activities in this Section shall be performed in accordance with the risk-based approach according to 10.2.

10.3.6.

RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION

To be able to show and ensure compliance, and to be able to reconstruct emissions data reported, the operator
shall keep records of all control activities (including quality assurance/quality control of equipment and
information technology, review and validation of data and corrections) and all information listed under Section 9
of this Annex for at least 10 years.

The operator shall ensure that relevant documents are available when and where they are needed to perform the
data flow activities as well as the control activities. The operator shall have a procedure to identify, produce,
distribute and control the version of these documents.

The activities in this Section shall be performed in accordance with the risk-based approach according to 10.2.

10.4.

VERIFICATION

10.4.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

The objective of the verification is to ensure that emissions have been monitored in accordance with the
guidelines and that reliable and correct emissions data will be reported pursuant to Article 14(3) of Directive
2003/87/EC. Member States shall consider respective guidance issued by the European Cooperation for
Accreditation (EA).

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Subject to Chapter 10.4.2(e), a verification shall come to a verification opinion that states with reasonable
assurance whether the data in the emissions report is free from material misstatements and whether there are no
material non-conformities.

The operator shall submit the emissions report, a copy of its approved monitoring plan for each of its
installations, and any other relevant information to the verifier.

The scope of the verification is defined by the tasks the verifier needs to perform to achieve the above objective.
As a minimum the verifier shall perform the activities in accordance with the subsequent Section 10.4.2.

10.4.2.

VERIFICATION METHODOLOGY

The verifier shall plan and perform verification with an attitude of professional scepticism recognizing that
circumstances may exist that cause the information contained in the Annual Emissions Report to be materially
misstated.

As part of the verification process, the verifier shall carry out the following steps:

(a)

strategic analysis

The verifier shall:

— verify whether the monitoring plan has been approved by the competent authority and whether it is
the right version. If this is not the case, the verifier should not continue the verification except for
elements that are obviously not affected by the non-approval,

— understand each activity undertaken by the installation, the sources, source streams within the
installation, the metering equipment used to monitor or measure activity data, the origin and
application of emission factors and oxidation/conversion factors, any other data used to calculate or
measure the emissions, and the environment in which the installation operates,

— understand the operator's monitoring plan, data flow, as well as its control system, including the

overall organisation with respect to monitoring and reporting,

— apply the materiality level defined in Table 3 below.

Table 3

Materiality levels

Category A and B installations

Category C installations

Materiality level

5 %

2 %

The verifier shall perform the strategic analysis in such a way that the verifier is able to conduct the risk
analysis as set out below. When necessary this shall include a site visit.

(b)

risk analysis

The verifier shall:

— analyse the inherent risks and control risks related to the scope and complexity of the operator's
activities and emission sources and source streams, and which could lead to a material misstatements
and non-conformities,

— draw up a verification plan which is commensurate with this risk analysis. The verification plan
describes the way in which the verification activities are to be carried out. It contains a verification
programme and a data sampling plan. The verification programme describes the nature of the
activities, at what times they must be carried out and their scope in order for the verification plan to
be completed. The data sampling plan sets out what data is to be tested in order to reach a verification
opinion.

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(c)

verification

In carrying out the verification, the verifier shall conduct a site visit, when appropriate, to inspect the
operation of meters and monitoring systems, conduct interviews, and collect sufficient information and
evidence.

Moreover, the verifier shall:

— carry out the verification plan by gathering data in accordance with the defined sampling methods,
walkthrough tests, document reviews, analytical procedures and data review procedures, including
any relevant additional evidence, upon which the verifier's verification opinion will be based,

— confirm the validity of the information used to calculate the uncertainty level as set in the approved

monitoring plan,

— verify that the approved monitoring plan is implemented and seek understanding whether the

monitoring plan is up to date,

— request the operator to provide any missing data or complete missing sections of audit trails, explain
variations in the emissions data, or revise calculations, or adjust reported data, before reaching a final
verification opinion. The verifier should, in any form, report all non-conformities and misstatements
identified to the operator.

The operator shall correct any reported misstatements. The entire population from which a sample was
taken shall be corrected.

Throughout the verification process, the verifier shall determine misstatements and non-conformities by
assessing whether:

— the monitoring plan has been implemented to support the determination of non-conformities,

— there is clear and objective evidence obtained through the gathering of data to support the

determination of misstatements.

(d)

internal verification report

At the end of the verification process, the verifier shall prepare an internal verification report. The
verification report shall record evidence showing that the strategic analysis, the risk analysis and the
verification plan has been performed in full, and provide sufficient information to support verification
opinions. The internal verification report should as well facilitate a potential evaluation of the audit by the
competent authority and accreditation body.

Based on the findings contained in the internal verification report, the verifier shall make a judgment with
respect to whether the annual emissions report contains any material misstatement as compared to the
materiality threshold, and whether there are material non-conformities or other issues relevant for the
verification opinion.

(e)

verification report

The verifier shall present the verification methodology, his findings and verification opinion in a verification
report, addressed to the operator, to be submitted by the operator with the annual emission report to the
competent authority. An annual emissions report is verified as satisfactory if the total emissions are not
materially misstated, and if, in the opinion of the verifier, there are no material non-conformities. In the case
of non-material non-conformities or non-material misstatements, the verifier may include these in the
satisfactory with non-material non-conformities or non-material
verification report
misstatements). The verifier may also report these in a separate management letter.

(verified as

The verifier may conclude an annual emissions report is not verified as satisfactory, if the verifier finds
material non-conformities or material misstatements (with or without material non-conformities). The
verifier may conclude an annual emissions report is not verified when there was a limitation of scope (when
circumstances prevent, or a restriction was imposed that prevents, the verifier from obtaining evidence
required to reduce the verification risk to the reasonable level) and/or material uncertainties.

the operator addresses non-conformities and misstatements after
Member States shall ensure that
consultation of the competent authority in a timeframe set by the competent authority. In addition, all

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divergences of opinion between operators, verifiers and competent authorities shall not affect proper
reporting and shall be settled in accordance with Directive 2003/87/EC, these guidelines, and the
requirements established by the Member States pursuant to Annex V to that Directive, and relevant national
procedures.

11.

EMISSION FACTORS

This Section contains reference emission factors for the Tier 1 level that permit the use of non-activity-specific
emission factors for the combustion of fuel. If a fuel does not belong to an existing fuel category the operator shall
use his expert judgement to assign the fuel used to a related fuel category, subject to the approval of the
competent authority.

Fuel emission factors related to net calorific value (NCV) and net calorific values per mass of fuel

Table 4

Fuel type description

Emission factor
(tCO2/TJ)

2006 IPCC guidelines
(except biomass)

Net calorific value
(TJ/Gg)

2006 IPCC guidelines

Crude oil

Orimulsion

Natural gas liquids

Motor gasoline

Kerosene

Shale oil

Gas/diesel oil

Residual fuel oil

Liquefied petroleum gases

Ethane

Naphtha

Bitumen

Lubricants

Petroleum coke

Refinery feedstocks

Refinery gas

Paraffin waxes

White spirit and SBP

Other petroleum products

Anthracite

Coking coal

Other bituminous coal

Sub-bituminous coal

Lignite

Oil shale and tar sands

73,3

76,9

64,1

69,2

71,8

73,3

74,0

77,3

63,0

61,6

73,3

80,6

73,3

97,5

73,3

51,3

73,3

73,3

73,3

98,2

94,5

94,5

96,0

101,1

106,6

42,3

27,5

44,2

44,3

43,8

38,1

43,0

40,4

47,3

46,4

44,5

40,2

40,2

32,5

43,0

49,5

40,2

40,2

40,2

26,7

28,2

25,8

18,9

11,9

8,9

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Fuel type description

Patent fuel

Coke oven coke and lignite coke

Gas coke

Coal tar

Gas works gas

Coke oven gas

Blast furnace gas

Oxygen steel furnace gas

Natural gas

Industrial wastes

Waste oils

Peat

Wood/wood waste

Other primary solid biomass

Charcoal

Biogasoline

Biodiesels

Other liquid biofuels

Landfill gas

Sludge gas

Other biogas

Waste tyres

Carbon monoxide

Methane

Emission factor
(tCO2/TJ)

2006 IPCC guidelines
(except biomass)

Net calorific value
(TJ/Gg)

2006 IPCC guidelines

97,5

107,0

107,0

80,6

44,7

44,7

259,4

171,8

56,1

142,9

73,3

105,9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

20,7

28,2

28,2

28,0

38,7

38,7

2,5

7,1

48,0

n.a.

40,2

9,8

15,6

11,6

29,5

27,0

27,0

27,4

50,4

50,4

50,4

Other sources

Other sources

85,0

155,2

54,9

n.a.

10,1

50,0

12.

LIST OF CO2-NEUTRAL BIOMASS

This list contains materials, which are considered biomass for the application of these guidelines and shall be
weighted with an emission factor of 0 [tCO2/TJ or t or Nm3]. Peat and fossil fractions of the materials listed below
shall not be considered biomass. Unless a contamination with other materials or fuels is apparent based on visual
or olfactory evidence, no analytical procedures need to be applied to demonstrate the purity of members of
Group 1 and 2 below:

Group 1 — Plants and parts of plants:

— straw,

— hay and grass,

— leaves, wood, roots, stumps, bark,

— crops, e.g. maize and triticale.

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Group 2 — Biomass wastes, products and by-products:

— industrial waste wood (waste wood from woodworking and wood processing operations and waste wood

from operations in the wood materials industry),

— used wood (used products made from wood, wood materials) and products and by-products from wood

processing operations,

— wood-based waste from the pulp and paper industries, e.g. black liquor (with only biomass carbon),

— crude tall oil, tall oil and pitch oil from the production of pulp,

— forestry residues,

— lignin from the processing of plants containing ligno-celluose,

— animal, fish and food meal, fat, oil and tallow,

— primary residues from the food and beverage production,

— plant oils and fats,

— manure,

— agricultural plant residues,

— sewage sludge,

— biogas produced by digestion, fermentation or gasification of biomass,

— harbour sludge and other waterbody sludges and sediments,

— landfill gas,

— charcoal.

Group 3 — Biomass fractions of mixed materials:

— the biomass fraction of flotsam from waterbody management,

— the biomass fraction of mixed residues from food and beverage production,

— the biomass fraction of composites containing wood,

— the biomass fraction of textile wastes,

— the biomass fraction of paper, cardboard, pasteboard,

— the biomass fraction of municipal and industrial waste,

— the biomass fraction of black liquor containing fossil carbon,

— the biomass fraction of processed municipal and industrial wastes,

— the biomass fraction of ethyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (ETBE),

— the biomass fraction of butanol.

Group 4 — Fuels whose components and intermediate products have all been produced from biomass:

— bioethanol,

— biodiesel,

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— etherised bioethanol,

— biomethanol,

— biodimethylether,

— bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel) and bio-gas.

13.

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC DATA AND FACTORS

This Section is mandatory only for those parts of these guidelines with explicit reference to Section 13 of Annex I.
The provisions in this Section are subject to those set out in Section 16 of this Annex.

13.1.

DETERMINATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUES AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR FUELS

The specific procedure to determine the activity specific emission factor including the sampling procedure for a
specific fuel type shall be agreed with the competent authority before the start of respective reporting period in
which it will be applied.

The procedures applied to sample the fuel and to determine its net calorific value, carbon content and emission
factor shall, where available, be according to a standardised method that limits sampling and measurement bias
and has a known measurement uncertainty. CEN standards shall be used if available. If CEN standards are not
available, suitable ISO standards or national standards shall apply. Where no applicable standards exist,
procedures can be carried out where possible in accordance with suitable draft standards or industry best practice
guidelines.

Relevant CEN standards are the following:

— EN ISO 6976:2005 Natural gas — Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density, and Wobbe index

from composition,

— EN ISO 4259:1996 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to

methods of test.

Relevant ISO standards are the following:

— ISO 13909-1,2,3,4:2001 Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling,

— ISO 5069-1,2:1983 Brown coals and lignites — Principles of sampling,

— ISO 625:1996 Solid mineral fuels — Determination of carbon and hydrogen — Liebig method,

— ISO 925:1997 Solid mineral fuels — Determination of carbonate carbon content — Gravimetric method,

— ISO 9300:1990 Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow Venturi nozzles,

— ISO 9951:1993/94 Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits — Turbine meters.

Supplemental national standards for the characterization of fuels are as follows:

— DIN 51900-1:2000 Testing of solid and liquid fuels — Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb

calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value — Part 1: Principles, apparatus, methods,

— DIN 51857:1997 Gaseous fuels and other gases — Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density

and Wobbe index of pure gases and gas mixtures,

— DIN 51612:1980 Testing of liquefied petroleum gases, calculation of net calorific value,

— DIN 51721:2001 Testing of solid fuels — Determination of carbon and hydrogen content (also applicable

for liquid fuels).

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The laboratory used to determine the emission factor, carbon content and net calorific value shall comply with
requirements laid down in Section 13.5 of this Annex. It is important to note that to achieve appropriate accuracy
of the activity specific emission factor (in addition to the precision of the analytical procedure for the
determination of the carbon content and the net calorific value) the sampling frequency, the sampling procedure
and the sample preparation are critical. They depend greatly on the state and homogeneity of the fuel/material.
The required number of samples will be larger for very heterogeneous materials such as municipal solid waste and
be much smaller for most commercial gaseous or liquid fuels.

The sampling procedure and frequency of analyses for the determination of the carbon content, net calorific
values and emission factors shall comply with the requirements of Section 13.6.

The full documentation of the procedures used in the respective laboratory for the determination of the emission
factor and the full set of results shall be retained and made available to the verifier of the emissions report.

13.2.

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC OXIDATION FACTORS

The specific procedure to determine the activity-specific oxidation factor including the sampling procedure for a
specific fuel type and installation shall be agreed with the competent authority before the start of respective
reporting period in which it will be applied.

The procedures applied to determine a representative activity-specific oxidation factors (e.g. via the carbon
content of soot, ashes, effluents and other wastes or by-products) for a specific activity shall, where available, be
according to a standardised method that limits sampling and measurement bias and has a known measurement
uncertainty. CEN standards shall be used if available. If CEN standards are not available, suitable ISO standards or
national standards shall apply. Where no applicable standards exist, procedures can be carried out where possible
in accordance with suitable draft standards or industry best practice guidelines.

The laboratory used to determine the oxidation factor or the underlying data shall comply with requirements set
out in Section 13.5 of this Annex. The sampling procedure and frequency of analyses for the determination of
relevant variables (e.g. the carbon content of ash) used for the calculation of oxidation factors shall comply with
the requirements of Section 13.6.

The full documentation of the procedures used by the organisation for the determination of the oxidation factor
and the full set of results shall be retained and made available to the verifier of the emissions report.

13.3.

DETERMINATION OF PROCESS EMISSION FACTORS, CONVERSION FACTORS AND COMPOSI-
TION DATA

The specific procedure to determine the activity-specific emission factor, conversion factor or composition data
including the sampling procedure for a specific material shall be agreed with the competent authority before the
start of respective reporting period in which it will be applied.

The procedures applied to sample and determine the composition of the relevant material or derive a process
emission factor shall, where available, be according to a standardised method that
limits sampling and
measurement bias and has a known measurement uncertainty. CEN standards shall be used if available. If CEN
standards are not available suitable ISO standards or national standards shall apply. Where no applicable
standards exist, procedures can be carried out where possible in accordance with suitable draft standards or
industry best practice guidelines.

The laboratory used shall comply with requirements laid down in Section 13.5 of this Annex. The sampling
procedure and frequency of analyses shall comply with the requirements of Section 13.6.

The full documentation of the procedures used by the organisation and the full set of results shall be retained and
made available to the verifier of the emissions report.

13.4.

DETERMINATION OF A BIOMASS FRACTION

The term ‘biomass fraction’ for the purpose of these guidelines refers to the mass percentage of biomass carbon
according to the biomass definition (see Sections 2 and 12 of this Annex) out of the total mass of carbon in a
sample.

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Fuel or material shall qualify as pure biomass with simplified provisions for the monitoring and reporting as set
out in Section 5.2, if the non-biomass content accounts to no more than 3 % of the total quantity of the fuel or
material concerned.

The specific procedure to determine the biomass fraction of a specific fuel or material including the sampling
procedure shall be agreed with the competent authority before the start of the reporting period in which it will be
applied.

The procedures applied to sample the fuel or material and to determine the biomass fraction shall, where
available, be according to a standardised method that limits sampling and measurement bias and has a known
measurement uncertainty. CEN standards shall be used if available. If CEN standards are not available suitable ISO
standards or national standards shall apply. Where no applicable standards exist, procedures can be carried out
where possible in accordance with suitable draft standards or industry best practice guidelines.

Methods applicable to determine the biomass fraction in a fuel or material could range from the manual sorting
of components of mixed materials, to differential methods determining heating values of a binary mixture and its
two pure components to an isotopic analysis of carbon-14 — depending on the specific nature of the respective
fuel mixture. For fuels or materials originating from a production process with defined and traceable input
streams, the operator may alternatively base the determination of the biomass fraction on a mass-balance of fossil
and biomass carbon entering and leaving the process. The respective methods are to be approved by the
competent authority.

The laboratory used to determine the biomass fraction shall comply with requirements laid down in Section 13.5
of this Annex.

The sampling procedure and frequency of analyses for the determination of the biomass fraction of fuels and
materials shall comply with the requirements of Section 13.6.

The full documentation of the procedures used in the respective laboratory for the determination of the biomass
fraction and the full set of results shall be retained and made available to the verifier of the emissions report.

is technically not feasible or would lead to
If the determination of the biomass fraction in a mixed fuel
unreasonably high costs the operator shall either assume a 0 % biomass share (i.e. complete fossil origin of all
carbon in that particular fuel) or propose an estimation method for approval by the competent authority.

13.5.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF FUEL AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

13.5.1. USE OF ACCREDITED LABORATORIES

The laboratory used to determine the emission factor, net calorific value, oxidation factor, carbon content, the
biomass fraction or composition data should be accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005 (General
requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories).

13.5.2. USE OF NON-ACCREDITED LABORATORIES

Preference is for use of laboratories accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005. The use of non-accredited
laboratories shall be limited to situations in which the operator can demonstrate to the competent authority that
the laboratory meets equivalent requirements to those laid out in EN ISO 17025:2005. The respective
laboratories and relevant analytical procedures shall be listed in the monitoring plan for the installation.
Equivalence in respect to quality management could be demonstrated by an accredited certification of the
laboratory against EN ISO 9001:2000. Additional evidence shall be provided that the laboratory is technically
competent and able to generate technically valid results using the relevant analytical procedures.

Under the responsibility of the operator, each non-accredited laboratory used by the operator to determine results
used for the calculation of emissions shall take the following measures:

(a)

validation

A validation of each relevant analytical method to be carried out by the non-accredited laboratory against
the reference method shall be carried out by a laboratory accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005. The
validation procedure is carried out before or at the beginning of the contract relationship between operator
and laboratory. It includes a sufficient number of repetitions of the analysis of a set of at least five samples
representative for the expected value range including a blank sample for each relevant parameter and fuel or

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material in order to characterise the repeatability of the method and to derive the calibration curve of the
instrument;

(b)

inter-comparison

An inter-comparison of the results of analytical methods shall be executed once a year by a laboratory
accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005 involving at least a fivefold repetition of the analysis of a
representative sample using the reference method for each relevant parameter and fuel or material;

The operator shall apply conservative adjustments (i.e. avoiding under-estimation of emissions) to all
relevant data of the respective year in cases in which a difference is observed between the results derived by
the non-accredited and the accredited laboratory which might lead to an under-estimation of emissions.
Any statistically significant (2σ) differences between the end results (e.g. the composition data) derived by
the non-accredited and the accredited laboratory shall be notified to the competent authority and be
immediately resolved under supervision of a laboratory accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005.

13.5.3. ONLINE GAS ANALYSERS AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS

The use of online gas chromatographs and extractive or non-extractive gas analysers for emission determination
under these guidelines is subject to approval by the competent authority. The use of these systems is limited to the
determination of composition data of gaseous fuels and materials. The operator operating the systems shall meet
the requirements of EN ISO 9001:2000. Evidence that the system is meeting those requirements can be
demonstrated by an accredited certification of the system. Calibration services and the suppliers of calibration
gases shall be accredited against EN ISO 17025:2005.

Where applicable an initial and annually repeated validation of the instrument shall be carried out by a laboratory
accredited against EN ISO 17025:2005 using EN ISO 10723:1995 Natural gas — Performance evaluation for
online analytical systems. In all other cases, the operator shall commission an initial validation and annual inter-
comparison:

(a)

initial validation

The validation shall be carried out before 31 January 2008 or as part of the commissioning of a new
system. It includes an appropriate number of repetitions of the analysis of a set of at least five samples
representative for the expected value range including a blank sample for each relevant parameter and fuel or
material in order to characterise the repeatability of the method and to derive the calibration curve of the
instrument;

(b)

annual inter-comparison

The inter comparison of the results of analytical methods shall be executed once a year by a laboratory
accredited according to EN ISO 17025:2005 involving an appropriate number of repetitions of the analysis
of a representative sample using the reference method for each relevant parameter and fuel or material;

The operator shall apply conservative adjustments (i.e. avoiding under-estimation of emissions) to all
relevant data of the respective year in cases in which a difference is observed between the results derived by
the results of the gas analyser or gas chromatograph and the accredited laboratory which might lead to an
under-estimation of emissions. Any statistically significant (2σ) differences between the end results (e.g. the
composition data) of the gas analyser or gas chromatograph, and the accredited laboratory shall be notified
to the competent authority and be immediately resolved under supervision of a laboratory accredited
according to EN ISO 17025:2005.

13.6.

SAMPLING METHODS AND FREQUENCY OF ANALYSES

The determination of the relevant emission factor, net calorific value, oxidation factor, conversion factor, carbon
content, biomass fraction or composition data shall
follow generally accepted practice for representative
sampling. The operator shall provide evidence that the derived samples are representative and free of bias. The
respective value shall be used only for the delivery period or batch of fuel or material for which it was intended to
be representative.

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Generally, the analysis will be carried out on a sample which is the mixture of a larger number (e.g. 10-100) of
samples collected over a period of time (e.g. from a day to several months) provided that the sampled fuel or
material can be stored without changes of its composition.

The sampling procedure and frequency of analyses shall be designed to ensure that the annual average of the
relevant parameter is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than 1/3 of the maximum uncertainty
which is required by the approved tier level for the activity data for the same source stream.

If the operator is not able to meet the allowed maximum uncertainty for the annual value or unable to
demonstrate compliance with the thresholds, he shall apply the frequency of analyses as laid down in Table 5 as a
minimum, if applicable. In all other cases the competent authority shall define the frequency of analyses.

Table 5

Indicative minimum frequency of analyses

Fuel/material

Frequency of analyses

Natural gas

At least weekly

Process gas (refinery mixed gas, coke oven gas, blast-
furnace gas and convertor gas)

least daily — using appropriate procedures at

At
different parts of the day

Fuel oil

Every 20 000 tonnes and at least six times a year

Coal, coking coal, petroleum coke

Every 20 000 tonnes and at least six times a year

Solid waste (pure fossil or mixed biomass fossil)

Every 5 000 tonnes and at least four times a year

Liquid waste

Every 10 000 tonnes and at least four times a year

Carbonate minerals (e.g. limestone and dolomite)

Every 50 000 tonnes and at least four times a year

Clays and shales

Other input and output streams in the mass balance
(not applicable for fuels or reducing agents)

Other materials

Amounts of material corresponding to 50 000 tonnes
of CO2 and at least four times a year

Every 20 000 tonne and at least once every month

Depending on the type of material and the variation,
amounts of material corresponding to 50 000 tonnes
of CO2 and at least four times a year

14.

REPORTING FORMAT

The following tables shall be used as a basis for reporting and may be adapted corresponding to the number of
activities, type of installation, fuels and processes monitored. The grey-shaded cells mark fields into which
information is to be filled in.

14.1.

IDENTIFICATION OF INSTALLATION

Identification of installation

Response

1.

Name of company

2.

Operator of installation

3.

Installation

3.1. Name

3.2. Permit number (1)

3.3. Reporting under EPRTR required?

Yes/No

3.4. EPRTR identification number (2)

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Identification of installation

Response

3.5. Address/city of the installation

3.6. Postcode/country

3.7. Coordinates of the location

4.

Contact Person

4.1. Name

4.2. Address/city/postcode/country

4.3. Telephone

4.4. Fax

4.5.

email

5.

6.

Reporting year

Type of Annex I activities carried out (3)

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity N

(1) The identification number will be provided by the competent authority in the permitting process.
(2) Only to be filled in if installation is required to report under EPRTR and there is not more than one EPRTR-activity under the
installation's permit. The information is not obligatory and used for additional identification purposes beyond the name and
address data given.
E.g. ‘Mineral oil refineries’

(3)

14.2.

OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES

Emissions of Annex I activities

Categories

IPCC CRF cate-
gory (1) —
Combustion
emissions

IPCC CRF cate-
gory (2) – Pro-
cess emissions

IPPC code of
EPRTR category

Tiers changed?
Yes/No

Emissions tCO2

Activities

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity N

Total

(1)
(2)

E.g. ‘1A2f Fuel Combustion in other industries’
E.g. ‘2A2 Industrial Processes — Lime Production’

Memo items

Transferred or inherent CO2

Amount transferred
or inherent

Transferred material
or fuel

Type of transfer
(inherent into/out of
installation, transfer
into/out of installa-
tion)

Biomass emissions (1)

Unit

[tCO2]

[tCO2]

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity N

(1) Only to be filled in if emissions have been determined by measurement.

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14.3.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS (CALCULATION)

Activity

Type of fuel:

IEA category

Waste catalogue number
(where applicable):

Parameter

Units allowed

Unit used

Value

Tier applied

Amount of fuel consumed

t or Nm3

Net calorific value of fuel

TJ/t or TJ/Nm3

Emission factor

Oxidation factor

CO2 fossil

tCO2/TJ or
tCO2/t or
tCO2/Nm3

tCO2

tCO2

Biomass used

TJ or t or Nm3

14.4.

PROCESS EMISSIONS (CALCULATION)

Activity

Type of material:

Waste catalogue number
(where applicable):

Parameter

Units allowed

Unit used

Value

Tier applied

Activity data

Emission factor

Conversion factor

CO2 fossil

Biomass used

t or Nm3

tCO2/t or
tCO2/Nm3

tCO2

t or Nm3

tCO2

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14.5.

MASS-BALANCE APPROACH

Parameter

Name of fuel or material

IEA category (where applic-
able)

Waste catalogue number
(where applicable)

data

or
Activity
volume): for output streams
use negative values

(mass

NCV (where applicable)

Activity data (heat input) =
mass or volume * NCV
(where applicable)

Units allowed

Unit used

Value

Tier applied

t or Nm3

TJ/t or
TJ/Nm3

TJ

Carbon content

CO2 fossil

tC/t or t C/Nm3

tCO2

tCO2

14.6.

MEASUREMENT APPROACH

Activity

Type of emission source

Parameter

Units allowed

Value

Tier applied

Uncertainty

CO2 fossil

CO2 from biomass

tCO2

tCO2

15.

REPORTING CATEGORIES

Emissions shall be reported according to the following categories of the Reporting Format and the IPPC code of
Annex I of the EPRTR Regulation EC 166/2006 (see Section 15.2 of this Annex). The specific categories of both
reporting formats are shown below. Where an activity could be classified under two or more categories the
selected classification shall reflect the primary purpose of the activity.

15.1.

IPCC REPORTING FORMAT

The table below is an excerpt of the Common Reporting Format (CRF) part of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines
on annual inventories (1). In the CRF emissions are attributed to seven major categories:

(1)

energy;

(2)

industrial processes;

(3)

solvent and other products use;

(4)

agriculture;

(1) UNFCCC (1999): FCCC/CP/1999/7.

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(5)

land-use change and forestry;

(6) waste;

(7)

other.

Categories 1 and 2 and 6 of the following table of the CRF, which are the categories relevant for Directive 2003/
87/EC, are reproduced below together with their relevant subcategories.

1.

A.

SECTORAL REPORT FOR ENERGY

Fuel combustion activities (sectoral approach)

1.

Energy industries
(a)
(b)
(c) manufacture of solid fuels and other energy industries

public electricity and heat production
petroleum refining

2. Manufacturing industries and construction

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

iron and steel
non-ferrous metals
chemicals
pulp, paper and print
food processing, beverages and tobacco
other

4.

5.

Other sectors
(a)
(b)
(c)

commercial/institutional
residential
agriculture/forestry/fisheries

Other (1)
(a)
(b) mobile

stationary

B.

Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.

2.

Solid fuels
(a)
(b)
(c)

coal mining
solid fuel transformation
other

Oil and natural gas
(a)
(b)
(c)

oil
natural gas
venting and flaring
venting
flaring
other

(d)

2.

SECTORAL REPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

A. Mineral products

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cement production
Lime production
Limestone and dolomite use
Soda ash production and use
Asphalt roofing
Road paving with asphalt
Other

B.

Chemical industry
1.
2.

Ammonia production
Nitric acid production

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3.
4.
5.

Adipic acid production
Carbide production
Other

C. Metal production

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Iron and steel production
Ferroalloys production
Aluminium production
SF6 Used in aluminium and magnesium foundries
Other

6.

SECTORAL REPORT FOR WASTE

C. Waste incineration (1)

MEMO ITEMS

CO2 emissions from biomass

(1) Not including waste-to-energy facilities. Emissions from waste burnt for energy are reported under the Energy Module, 1A.
See Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reporting Instructions. Revised 1996 IPCC
Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories; 1997.

15.2.

SOURCE CATEGORY CODE

The following source category codes should be used for the purpose of reporting data:

No

Activity

1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

2.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

3.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Energy sector

Mineral oil and gas refineries

Installations for gasification and liquefaction

Thermal power stations and other combustion installations

Coke ovens

Coal rolling mills

Installations for the manufacture of coal products and solid smokeless fuel

Production and processing of metals

Metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting or sintering installations

Installations for the production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary melting) including
continuous casting

Installations for the processing of ferrous metals:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

hot-rolling mills;
smitheries with hammers;
application of protective fused metal coats.

Ferrous metal foundries

Installations:
(i)

for the production of non-ferrous crude metals from ore, concentrates or secondary raw
materials by metallurgical, chemical or electrolytic processes;
for the smelting, including the alloying, of non-ferrous metals, including recovered products
(refining, foundry casting, etc.).

(ii)

Installations for surface treatment of metals and plastic materials using an electrolytic or chemical
process

Mineral industry

Underground mining and related operations

Opencast mining

Installations for the production of:
— cement clinker in rotary kilns;
— lime in rotary kilns;
— cement clinker or lime in other furnaces.

(d)

Installations for the production of asbestos and the manufacture of asbestos-based products

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No

(e)

(f)

(g)

4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

5.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

6.

(a)

(b)

(c)

7.

(a)

(b)

Activity

Installations for the manufacture of glass, including glass fibre

Installations for melting mineral substances, including the production of mineral fibres

Installations for the manufacture of ceramic products by firing, in particular roofing tiles, bricks,
refractory bricks, tiles, stoneware or porcelain

Chemical industry

(iii)
(iv)

Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of basic organic chemicals, such as:
simple hydrocarbons (linear or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic);
(i)
oxygen-containing hydrocarbons such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters,
(ii)
acetates, ethers, peroxides, epoxy resins;
sulphurous hydrocarbons;
nitrogenous hydrocarbons such as amines, amides, nitrous compounds, nitro compounds or
nitrate compounds, nitrile s, cyanates, isocyanates;
phosphorus-containing hydrocarbons;
(v)
(vi)
halogenic hydrocarbons;
(vii) organometallic compounds;
(viii) basic plastic materials (polymers, synthetic fibres and cellulose-based fibres);
(ix)
(x)
(xi)

synthetic rubbers;
dyes and pigments;
surface-active agents and surfactants.

(ii)

Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of basic inorganic chemicals, such as:
gases, such as ammonia, chlorine or hydrogen chloride, fluorine or hydrogen fluoride, carbon
(i)
oxides, sulphur compounds, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbonyl chloride;
acids, such as chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
sulphuric acid, oleum, sulphurous acids;
bases, such as ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide;
salts, such as ammonium chloride, potassium chlorate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate,
perborate, silver nitrate;
non-metals, metal oxides or other inorganic compounds such as calc ium carbide, silicon, silicon
carbide.

(iii)
(iv)

(v)

Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of phosphorous-, nitrogen- or
potassium-based fertilizers (simple or compound fertilizers)

Chemical installations for the production on an industrial scale of basic plant health products and of
biocides

Installations using a chemical or biological process for the production on an industrial scale of basic
pharmaceutical products

Installations for the production on an industrial scale of explosives and pyrotechnic products

Waste and waste-water management

Installations for the incineration, pyrolysis, recovery, chemical treatment or landfilling of hazardous
waste

Installations for the incineration of municipal waste

Installations for the disposal of non-hazardous waste

Landfills (excluding landfills of inert waste)

Installations for the disposal or recycling of animal carcasses and animal waste

Municipal waste-water treatment plants

Independently operated industrial waste-water treatment plants which serve one or more activities of
this Annex

Paper and wood production and processing

Industrial plants for the production of pulp from timber or similar fibrous materials

Industrial plants for the production of paper and board and other primary wood products (such as
chipboard, fibreboard and plywood)

Industrial plants for the preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals

Intensive livestock production and aquaculture

Installations for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs

Intensive aquaculture

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No

Activity

8.

(a)
(b)

(c)

9.

(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)

(e)

Animal and vegetable products from the food and beverage sector

Slaughterhouses
Treatment and processing intended for the production of food and beverage products from:
— Animal raw materials (other than milk)
— Vegetable raw materials
Treatment and processing of milk

Other activities

Plants for the pretreatment (operations such as washing, bleaching, mercerization) or dyeing of fibres or
textiles
Plants for the tanning of hides and skins
Installations for the surface treatment of substances, objects or products using organic solvents, in
particular for dressing, printing, coating, degreasing, waterproofing, sizing, painting, cleaning or
impregnating
Installations for the production of carbon (hard-burnt coal) or electrographite by means of incineration
or graphitization
Installations for the building of, and painting or removal of paint from ships

16.

REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATIONS WITH LOW EMISSIONS

To Sections 4.3, 5.2, 7.1, 10 and 13 the following exemptions from the requirements of this Annex shall apply for
installations with average verified reported emissions of less than 25 000 tonnes of CO2 per year during the
previous trading period. If the reported emission data are no longer applicable because of changes to the
operating conditions or the installation itself or if a history of verified emissions is missing, the exemptions apply
if the competent authority has approved a conservative projection of emissions for the next five years with less
than 25 000 tonnes of fossil CO2 for each year. Member States may waive the mandatory need for annual site
visits by the verifier in the verification process and let the verifier take the decision based on the results of his risk
analysis:

— where necessary, the operator may use information as specified by the supplier of relevant measurement

instruments irrespective of specific use conditions to estimate the uncertainty of activity data,

— Member States may waive the need of proof of compliance with the requirements regarding calibration in

Section 10.3.2 of this Annex,

— Member States may permit the use of lower tier approaches (with Tier 1 as minimum level) for all source

streams and relevant variables,

— Member States may permit the use of simplified monitoring plans which contain at least the elements listed

under items (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (k) and (l) as listed in Section 4.3 of this Annex,

— Member States may waive requirements regarding the accreditation against EN ISO 17025:2005 if the

laboratory in question:

— provides conclusive evidence that it is technically competent and is able to generate technically valid

results using the relevant analytical procedures, and

— participates annually in inter-laboratory comparisons and subsequently undertakes corrective

measures if necessary,

— the uses of fuels or materials can be determined based on purchasing records and estimated stock changes

without further consideration of uncertainties.

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Guidelines for combustion emissions from activites as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX II

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The activity-specific guidelines contained in this Annex shall be used to monitor emissions from combustion
installations with a rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW (except hazardous or municipal waste installations) as
listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC and to monitor combustion emissions from other activities as listed in
that Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC where referred to in Annexes III to XI to these guidelines. For relevant
processes of the petrochemical industry — if covered by Annex I Directive 2003/87/EC — Annex III may also
apply.

The monitoring of emissions from combustion processes shall include emissions from the combustion of all fuels
at the installation as well as emissions from scrubbing processes for example to remove SO2 from flue gas.
Emissions from internal combustion engines for transportation purposes shall not be monitored and reported.
All emissions from the combustion of fuels at the installation shall be assigned to the installation, regardless of
exports of heat or electricity to other installations. Emissions associated with the production of heat or electricity
that is imported from other installations shall not be assigned to the importing installation.

Emissions of a combustion installation adjacent and drawing its main fuel from an integrated steel plant but
operated under a separate greenhouse gas emission permit may be calculated as part of the mass balance
consideration of this steel plant if the operator can prove to the competent authority that such an approach will
reduce overall uncertainty of the emission determination.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

Emission sources of CO2 emissions from combustion installations and processes include:

— boilers,

— burners,

— turbines,

— heaters,

— furnaces,

— incinerators,

— kilns,

— ovens,

— dryers,

— engines,

— flares,

— scrubbers (process emissions),

— any other equipment or machinery that uses fuel, excluding equipment or machinery with combustion

engines that is used for transportation purposes.

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2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

2.1.1.1. GENERAL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES

CO2 emissions from combustion installations shall be calculated by multiplying the energy content of each fuel
used by an emission factor and an oxidation factor. For each fuel the following calculation shall be carried out for
each activity:

CO2 emissions = Activity data * Emission factor * Oxidation factor

With:

(a)

activity data

Activity data are generally expressed as the net energy content of the fuel consumed [TJ] during the
reporting period. The energy content of the fuel consumption shall be calculated by means of the following
formula:

Energy content of fuel consumption [TJ] = fuel consumed [t or Nm3] * net calorific value of fuel [TJ/t or TJ/
Nm3] (1)

In case a mass or volume related emission factor [tCO2/t or tCO2//Nm3] is used, activity data is expressed as
the amount of fuel consumed [t or Nm3].

With:

(a1)

fuel consumed:

Tier 1

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within
a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where
applicable.

Tier 2

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within
a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where applicable.

Tier 3

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within
a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where
applicable.

Tier 4

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within
a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where
applicable.

(a2) net calorific value

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

(1)

In case volume units are used, the operator shall consider any conversion that may be required to account for differences in pressure and
temperature of the metering device and the standard conditions for which the net calorific value was derived for the respective fuel type.

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Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the respective
Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

For commercially traded fuels the net calorific value as derived from the purchasing records for the
respective fuel provided by the fuel supplier is used, provided it has been derived based on accepted national
or international standards.

Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for the fuel in an installation is measured by the operator, a contracted
laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Reference factors for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective
Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

The operator derives emission factors for the fuel based on one of the following established proxies:

— density measurement of specific oils or gases common, e.g. to the refinery or steel industry, and

— net calorific value for specific coals types.

In combination with an empirical correlation as determined at least once per year according to the
provisions of Section 13 of Annex I. The operator shall ensure that the correlation satisfies the requirements
of good engineering practice and that it is applied only to values of the proxy which fall into the range for
which it was established.

Tier 3

Activity-specific emission factors for the fuel are determined by the operator, an external laboratory or the
fuel supplier according to the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(c)

oxidation factor

The operator may choose the appropriate tier for his monitoring methodology.

Tier 1

An oxidation factor of 1,0 (1) is used.

(1)

See IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

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Tier 2

The operator applies oxidation factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in
its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change.

Tier 3

For fuels activity-specific factors are derived by the operator based on relevant carbon contents of ashes,
effluents and other wastes and by-products and other relevant non-fully oxidised gaseous forms of carbon
emitted. Composition data shall be determined according to the provisions specified in Section 13 of
Annex I.

2.1.1.2. MASS-BALANCE APPROACH — CARBON BLACK PRODUCTION AND GAS PROCESSING TERMINALS

The mass-balance approach may be applied for carbon black production and for gas processing terminals. It shall
consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the installation to account for the
emissions of greenhouse gases, using the following equation:

CO2 emissions [tCO2]= (input - products - export - stock changes) * conversion factor CO2/C

With:

— input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

— products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the

installation,

— export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into
landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

— stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the installation.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (Σ (activity datainput * carbon contentinput) - Σ (activity dataproducts * carbon contentproducts) -

Σ (activity dataexport * carbon contentexport) - Σ (activity datastock changes * carbon contentstock changes)) * 3,664

With:

(a)

activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock
changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually
related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the
energy content [tC/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

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Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams shall be derived from standard emission factors for fuels or
materials listed in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-VI. The carbon content is derived as follows:

C − Cont ½t=t or TJ(cid:138) ¼

Tier 2

Emission factor tCO2=t or TJ
3,664 tCO2=t C
½

(cid:138)

½

(cid:138)

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of
Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their
carbon contents and biomass fraction.

2.1.1.3.

FLARES

Emissions from flares shall include routine flaring and operational flaring (trips, start-up and shutdown as well as
emergency relieves).

CO2 emissions shall be calculated from the amount of gas flared [Nm3] and the carbon content of the flared gas
[tCO2/Nm3] (including inherent CO2).

CO2 emissions = activity data * emission factor * oxidation factor

With:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Amount of flare gas used over the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 17,5 %.

Tier 2

Amount of flare gas used over the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 12,5 %.

Tier 3

Amount of flare gas used during reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Using a reference emission factor of 0,00393 tCO2/m3 (at standard conditions) derived from the
combustion of pure ethane used as a conservative proxy for flare gases.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective
Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

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Tier 2b

Installation-specific emission factors are derived from an estimate of the molecular weight of the flare
stream, using process modelling based on industry-standard models. By considering the relative
proportions and the molecular weights of each of the contributing streams, a weighted annual average
figure is derived for the molecular weight of the flare gas.

Tier 3

Emission factor [tCO2/Nm3
provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

flare gas] calculated from the carbon content of the flared gas applying the

(c)

oxidation factor

Lower tiers can be applied.

Tier 1

A value of 1,0 shall be used.

Tier 2

The operator applies an oxidation factor as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national
inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Process CO2 emissions from the use of carbonate for SO2 scrubbing from the waste gas stream shall be calculated
on the basis of carbonate purchased (calculation method Tier 1a) or gypsum produced (calculation method
Tier 1b). These two calculation methods are equivalent. Calculation shall be as follows:

CO2 emissions [t] = activity data * emission factor

With:

Calculation method A — carbonate based

Calculation of emissions is based on the amount of carbonate employed:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Tons of dry carbonate as process input consumed over the reporting period determined by the operator or
supplier with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

The emission factors shall be calculated and reported in units of mass of CO2 released per tonne of
carbonate. Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 1 below shall be used to convert composition data into
emission factors.

The determination of the amount of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in each relevant kiln input material is carried out
using industry best practice guidelines.

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Table 1

Stoichiometric ratios

Carbonate

Ratio[tCO2/t Ca-, Mg- or other
carbonate]

Remarks

CaCO3

MgCO3

General:
XY(CO3)Z

0,440

0,522

Emission factor = [MCO2]/{Y
* [Mx] + Z *[MCO3

2-]}

X = alkali earth or alkali metal
Mx = molecular weight of X in [g/mol]
MCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44 [g/mol]
MCO3- = molecular weight of CO3
Y = stoichiometric number of X
= 1 (for alkali earth metals)
= 2 (for alkali metals)

2- = 60 [g/mol]

Z = stoichiometric number of CO3

2- = 1

Calculation method B — gypsum based

Calculation of emissions is based on the amount of gypsum produced:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Tons of dry gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) as process output per year determined by the operator or processor of
gypsum with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Stoichiometric ratio of dry gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) and CO2 in the process: 0,2558 tCO2/t gypsum.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex XII shall be applied.

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Activity-specific guidelines for mineral oil refineries as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX III

1.

BOUNDARIES

The monitoring of emissions from an installation shall include all emissions from combustion and production
processes as occurring in refineries. Emissions from processes carried out in adjacent installations of the chemical
industry not included in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC which are not part of the refining production chain
shall not be accounted for.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

Potential emission sources for CO2 include:

(a)

Energy related combustion:

— boilers,

— process heaters/treaters,

— internal combustion engines/turbines,

— catalytic and thermal oxidizers,

— coke calcining kilns,

— firewater pumps,

— emergency/standby generators,

— flares,

— incinerators,

— crackers.

(b)

Process:

— hydrogen production installations,

— catalytic regeneration (from catalytic cracking and other catalytic processes),

— cokers (flexi-coking, delayed coking).

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion emissions shall be monitored in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Specific processes leading to CO2 emissions include:

1.

Catalytic cracker regeneration, other catalyst regeneration and flexi-cokers

The coke deposited on the catalyst as a by-product of the cracking process is burned in the regenerator in
order to restore the activity of the catalyst. Further refinery processes employ a catalyst which needs to be
regenerated, e.g. catalytic reforming.

The emissions shall be calculated by a material balance, taking into account the state of the input air and the
flue gas. All CO in the flue gas shall be accounted for as CO2 (1).

(1) Applying the mass relation: tCO2 = tCO * 1,571.

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The analysis of input air and flue gases and the choice of tiers shall be according to the provisions of
Section 13 of Annex I. The specific calculation approach shall be approved by the competent authority as
part of evaluation of the monitoring plan and the monitoring methodology therein.

Tier 1

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than
± 10 % shall be achieved.

Tier 2

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than
± 7,5 % shall be achieved.

Tier 3

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than
± 5 % shall be achieved.

Tier 4

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than
± 2,5 % shall be achieved.

2.

Refinery hydrogen production

The CO2 emitted stems from the carbon content of the feed gas. An input-based calculation of CO2
emissions shall be carried out.

CO2 emissions = activity datainput * emission factor

With:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Amount of hydrocarbon feed [t feed] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum
uncertainty of ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Amount of hydrocarbon feed [t feed] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum
uncertainty of ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Use a reference value of 2,9 tCO2 per t feed processed conservatively based on ethane.

Tier 2

Use of an activity-specific emission factor [CO2/t feed] calculated from the carbon content of the feed
gas, determined according to Section 13 of Annex I.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I and Annex XII shall be applied.

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Activity-specific guidelines for coke ovens as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX IV

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

Coke ovens can be part of steel works with a direct technical connection to sintering installations and installations
for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting, causing an intensive energy and material
exchange (for example blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coke) to take place in regular operation. If the
installation's permit according to Article 4, 5 and 6 of Directive 2003/87/EC encompasses the entire steel works
and not solely the coke oven, the CO2 emissions may also be monitored for the integrated steel works as a whole,
using the mass-balance approach specified in Section 2.1.1 of this Annex.

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the
installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In coke ovens, CO2 emissions result from the following emission sources and source streams:

— raw materials (coal or petrol coke),

— conventional fuels (e.g. natural gas),

— process gases (e.g. blast furnace gas (BFG)),

— other fuels,

— waste gas scrubbing.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In case the coke oven is part of an integrated steelworks, the operator may calculate emissions:

(a)

for the integrated steelworks as a whole, using the mass-balance approach, or;

(b)

for the coke oven as individual activity of the integrated steelworks.

2.1.1.

MASS-BALANCE APPROACH

The mass-balance approach shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the
installation to determine the level of emissions of greenhouse gases over the reporting period, using the following
equation:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (input - products - export - stock changes) * conversion factor CO2/C

With:

— input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

— products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the

installation,

— export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into
landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

— stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the installation.

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The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (Σ (activity datainput * carbon contentinput) - Σ (activity dataproducts * carbon contentproducts) -

Σ (activity dataexport * carbon contentexport) - Σ (activity datastock changes * carbon contentstock changes) * 3,664

With:

(a)

activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock
changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually
related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the
energy content [tC/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams shall be derived from standard emission factors for fuels or
materials named in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-X. The carbon content is derived as follows:

C − Cont ½t=t or TJ(cid:138) ¼

Tier 2

Emission factor t CO2 = t or TJ
½
3,664 t CO2 = t C

½

(cid:138)

(cid:138)

The operator applies country-specific carbon content for the respective fuel or material as reported by the
respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of
Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their
carbon contents and biomass fraction.

2.1.2.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes taking place at coke ovens where fuels (e.g. coke, coal, and natural gas) are not included in
the mass-balance approach shall be monitored and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.3

PROCESS EMISSIONS

During carbonisation in the coke chamber of the coke oven, coal is converted under the exclusion of air to coke
and crude coke oven gas (crude COG). The main carbon containing input material/input streams is coal, but may

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also be coke slack, petrol coke, oil and process gases such as blast furnace gas. The crude coke oven gas, as part of
the process output, contains many carbon containing components, amongst other carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon
monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), hydrocarbons (CxHy).

Total CO2 emission from coke ovens shall be calculated as follows:

CO2 emission [tCO2] = Σ (activity dataINPUT * emission factorINPUT) - Σ (activity dataOUTPUT * emission factorOUTPUT)

With:

(a)

activity data

Activity dataINPUT can comprise coal as raw material, coke slack, petrol coke, oil, blast furnace gas, coke oven
gas and alike. Activity dataOUTPUT can comprise: coke, tar, light oil, coke oven gas and alike.

(a1)

fuel employed as process input

Tier 1

The mass flow of fuels into and from the installation over a reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 % .

Tier 2

The mass flow of fuels into and from the installation over a reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

The mass flow of the fuel into and from the installation over a reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

The mass flow of the fuel into and from the installation over a reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(a2) net calorific value

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the
respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for each batch of fuel in an installation is measured by the
operator, a contracted laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13
of Annex I.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Use of reference factors from Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective
Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

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Tier 3

Specific emission factors are determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I and Annex XII shall be applied.

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Activity-specific guidelines for metal ore roasting and sintering installations as listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC

ANNEX V

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

Metal ore roasting, sintering or pelletisation installations can form an integral part of steel works with a direct
technical connection to coke ovens and installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous
casting. Thus an intensive energy and material exchange (e.g. blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coke and limestone)
takes place in regular operation. If the installation's permit according to Articles 4, 5 and 6 of Directive 2003/87/
EC encompasses the entire steel works and not solely the roasting or sintering installation, the CO2 emissions may
also be monitored for the integrated steel works as a whole.
In such cases the mass-balance approach
(Section 2.1.1 of this Annex) may be used.

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the
installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In metal ore roasting, sintering or pelletisation installations, CO2 emissions result from the following emission
sources and source streams:

— raw materials (calcination of limestone, dolomite and carbonatic iron ores, e.g. FeCO3),

— conventional fuels (natural gas and coke/coke breeze),

— process gases (e.g. coke oven gas (COG) and blast furnace gas (BFG)),

— process residues used as input material including filtered dust from the sintering plant, the converter and

the blast furnace,

— other fuels,

— waste gas scrubbing.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In case an ore roasting, sintering or pelletisation installation is part of an integrated steelworks, the operator may
calculate emissions:

(a)

for the integrated steelworks as a whole, using the mass-balance approach; or

(b)

for the ore roasting, sintering or pelletisation installation as individual activity of the integrated steelworks.

2.1.1.

MASS-BALANCE APPROACH

The mass-balance approach shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the
installation to determine the level of emissions of greenhouse gases over the reporting period, using the following
equation:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (input – products – export – stock changes) * conversion factor CO2/C

With:

— input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

— products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the

installation,

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— export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into
landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

— stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the installation.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (Σ (activity datainput * carbon contentinput) – Σ (activity dataproducts * carbon contentproducts) –

Σ (activity dataexport * carbon contentexport) – Σ (activity datastock changes * carbon contentstock changes)) * 3,664

With:

(a)

activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock
changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually
related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the
energy content [tC/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams is derived from standard emission factors for fuels or
materials named in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-X. The carbon content is derived as follows:

C − Cont ½t=t or TJ(cid:138) ¼

½
Emission factor tCO2=t or TJ
3,664 tCO2=t C
½

(cid:138)

(cid:138)

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific carbon content for the respective fuel or material as reported by the
respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of
Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their
carbon contents and biomass fraction.

2.1.2.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes that take place at metal ore roasting, sintering or pelletization installations where fuels are
not used as reducing agents or do not stem from metallurgical reactions shall be monitored and reported in
accordance with Annex II.

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2.1.3.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

During calcination on the grate CO2 is released from the input materials, i.e. the raw mix (commonly from
calcium carbonate) and from reemployed process residues. For each type of input material used the amount of
CO2 shall be calculated as follows:

CO2 emissions ¼ Σ activity dataprocess input * emission factor * conversion factor

n

o

(a)

activity data

Tier 1
Amounts [t] of carbonate input material [tCaCO3, tMgCO3 or tCaCO3-MgCO3] and process residues used as input
material
in the process over a reporting period by the operator or his suppliers with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 2
Amounts [t] of carbonate input material [tCaCO3, tMgCO3 or tCaCO3-MgCO3] and process residues used as input
material employed in the process over a reporting period by the operator or his suppliers with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

For carbonates, use of stoichiometric ratios given in the following Table 1:

Table 1

Stoichiometric emission factors

Emission factor

CaCO3

MgCO3

FeCO3

0,440 tCO2/t CaCO3

0,522 tCO2/t MgCO3

0,380 tCO2/t FeCO3

These values shall be adjusted for the respective moisture and gangue content of the applied carbonate
material.

For process residues, activity-specific factors shall be determined according to the provisions of Section 13
of Annex I.

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Conversion factor: 1,0.

Tier 2

Activity-specific factors determined according to the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I, determining the
amount of carbon in the sinter produced and in filtered dust. In case filtered dust is reemployed in the
process, the amount of carbon [t] contained shall not be accounted for in order to avoid double counting.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I and Annex XII shall be applied.

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Activity-specific guidelines for installation for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting as
listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX VI

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The guidelines in this Annex can be applied for emissions from installations for the production of pig iron and
steel, including continuous casting. They refer in particular to primary (blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen
furnace (BOF)) and secondary (electric arc furnace (EAF)) steel production.

Installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting are generally integral parts of
steel works with a technical connection to coke ovens and sinter installations. Thus an intensive energy and
material exchange (e.g. blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coke, limestone) takes place in regular operation. If the
installation's permit according to Article 4, 5 and 6 of Directive 2003/87/EC encompasses the entire steel works
and not solely the blast furnace, the CO2 emissions may also be monitored for the integrated steel works as a
whole. In such cases the mass-balance approach as presented in Section 2.1.1 of this Annex may be used.

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the
installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting, CO2 emissions result from
the following emission sources and source streams:

— raw materials (calcination of limestone, dolomite and carbonatic iron ores, e.g. FeCO3),

— conventional fuels (natural gas, coal and coke),

— reducing agents (coke, coal, plastics, etc.),

— process gases (coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG) and basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG)),

— consumption of graphite electrodes,

— other fuels,

— waste gas scrubbing.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In case the installation for the production of pig iron and steel is part of an integrated steelworks, the operator
may calculate emissions:

(a)

for the integrated steelworks as a whole, using the mass-balance approach; or

(b)

the installation for the production of pig iron and steel as individual activity of the integrated steelworks.

2.1.1.

MASS-BALANCE APPROACH

The mass-balance approach shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the
installation to determine the level of emissions of greenhouse gases over the reporting period, using the following
equation:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (input - products - export - stock changes) * conversion factor CO2/C

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With:

— input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

— products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the

installation,

— export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into
landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

— stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the mass balance.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO2 emissions [tCO2] = (Σ (activity datainput * carbon contentinput) - Σ (activity dataproducts * carbon contentproducts) -

Σ (activity dataexport * carbon contentexport) - Σ (activity datastock changes * carbon contentstock changes)) * 3,664

With:

(a)

activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock
changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually
related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the
energy content [t C/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams is derived from standard emission factors for fuels or
materials named in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-X. The carbon content is derived as follows:

C − Cont ½t=t or TJ ¼

Tier 2

Emission factor tCO2=t or TJ
3,664 tCO2=t C
½

(cid:138)

½

(cid:138)

The operator applies country-specific carbon content for the respective fuel or material as reported by the
respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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Tier 3

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of
Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their
carbon contents and biomass fraction.

The carbon content of products or semi-finished products may be determined based on annual analyses
following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I or be derived from mid-range composition values as
specified by relevant international or national standards.

2.1.2.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes taking place at installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous
casting where fuels (e.g. coke, coal and natural gas) are not used as reducing agents or do not stem from
metallurgical reactions shall be monitored and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.3.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting are normally characterized by a
sequence of facilities (e.g. blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace) and these facilities frequently have technical
connections to other installations (e.g. coke oven, sinter installation, power installation). Within such installations
a number of different fuels are used as reducing agents. Generally these installations also produce process gases of
different compositions, e.g. coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG).

Total CO2 emissions from pig iron and steel installations including continuous casting shall be calculated as
follows:

CO2 emission [tCO2] = Σ (activity dataINPUT * emission factorINPUT) - Σ (activity dataOUTPUT * emission factorOUTPUT)

With:

(a)

activity data

(a1) mass flows

Tier 1

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(a2) net calorific value (if applicable)

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the
respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

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Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for each batch of fuel in an installation is measured by the
operator, a contracted laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13
of Annex I.

(b)

emission factor

The emission factor for the activity dataOUTPUT refers to the amount of non-CO2-carbon in process output,
which is expressed as tCO2/t output to enhance comparability.

Tier 1

Reference factors are used for input and output material (see Table 1 below and Section 11 of Annex I).

Table 1

Reference emission factors (1)

Emission factor

CaCO3

CaCO3-MgCO3

FeCO3

Direct reduced iron (DRI)

EAF carbon Electrodes

EAF charge carbon

Hot briquetted iron

Oxygen steel furnace gas

Petroleum coke

Purchased pig iron

Scrap iron

Steel

Tier 2

Value

0,440

0,477

0,380

0,07

3,00

3,04

0,07

1,28

3,19

0,15

0,15

0,04

Unit

Source of emission factor

tCO2/t CaCO3

Stoichiometric ratio

tCO2/t CaCO3-MgCO3

Stoichiometric ratio

tCO2/t FeCO3

Stoichiometric ratio

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

tCO2/t

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

IPCC GL 2006

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective
Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

Specific emission factors (tCO2/tINPUT or tOUTPUT) for input and output materials are used, developed in
accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I and Annex XII shall be applied.

(1)

See IPCC; 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; 2006. IPCC based values stem from factors expressed in tC/t,
multiplied with a CO/C conversion factor of 3,664.

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Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the production of cement clinker as listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC

ANNEX VII

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

No specific boundary issues.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In cement installations, CO2 emissions result from the following emission sources and source streams:

— calcination of limestone in the raw materials,

— conventional fossil kiln fuels,

— alternative fossil-based kiln fuels and raw materials,

— biomass kiln fuels (biomass wastes),

— non-kiln fuels,

— organic carbon content of limestone and shales,

— raw materials used for waste gas scrubbing.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes involving different types of fuels (e.g. coal, petroleum coke, fuel oil, natural gas and the
broad range of waste fuels) that take place at installations for the production of cement clinker shall be monitored
and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Process related CO2 emissions occur from the calcination of carbonates in the raw materials used to produce the
clinker (2.1.2.1), from the partial or full calcination of cement kiln dust or bypass dust removed from the process
(2.1.2.2) and in some instances from the non-carbonate carbon content of raw materials (2.1.2.3).

2.1.2.1. CO2 from clinker production

Emissions shall be calculated based on the carbonate content of the process input (calculation method A) or on
the amount of clinker produced (calculation method B). These approaches are considered equivalent and can be
mutually used by the operator to validate the results of the respective other method.

Calculation method A — kiln input based

Calculation shall be based on the carbonate content of process inputs (including fly-ash or blast furnace slag) with
cement kiln dust (CKD) and bypass dust deducted from raw material consumption and respective emissions
calculated according to Section 2.1.2.2, in the case CKD and bypass dust leave the kiln system. Non-carbonate
carbon is captured by this method thus 2.1.2.3 does not apply.

CO2 shall be calculated with the following formula:

CO2 emissionsclinker ¼ ∑ Activity data * Emission factor * Conversion factor

f

g

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With:

(a)

activity data

Unless raw meal as such is characterised, these requirements apply separately to each of the relevant carbon-
bearing kiln inputs (other than fuels), e.g. limestone or shale, avoiding double counting or omissions from
returned or by-passed materials. The net amount of raw meal may be determined by means of a site specific
empirical raw meal/clinker ratio which is to be updated at least once per year applying industry best practice
guidelines.

Tier 1

The net amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period, is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

The net amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period, is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

The net amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period, is determined with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

The emission factors shall be calculated and reported in units of mass of CO2 released per tonne of each
relevant kiln input. Stoichiometric ratios, as shown in Table 1 below, shall be used to convert composition
data into emission factors.

Tier 1

The determination of the amount of relevant carbonates including CaCO3 and MgCO3 in each relevant kiln
input material is carried out according to Section 13 of Annex I. This may be done by means of thermo-
gravimetric methods.

Table 1

Stoichiometric ratios

Substance

Stoichiometric ratios

CaCO3

MgCO3

FeCO3

C

0,440 [tCO2/t CaCO3]

0,522 [tCO2/t MgCO3]

0,380 [tCO2/t FeCO3]

3,664 [tCO2/t C]

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Carbonates leaving the kiln are conservatively assumed to be zero, i.e. assuming full calcination and a
conversion factor of 1.

Tier 2

Carbonates and other carbon leaving the kiln in the clinker are considered by means of a conversion factor
with a value between 0 and 1. The operator may assume complete conversion for one or several kiln inputs
and attribute unconverted carbonates or other carbon to the remaining kiln input(s). The additional
determination of relevant chemical parameters of the products is carried out according to Section 13 of
Annex I.

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Calculation method B — clinker output based

This calculation method is based on the amount of clinker produced. CO2 shall be calculated with the following
formula:

CO2 emissionsclinker = Activity data * Emission factor * Conversion factor

CO2 released from the calcination of cement kiln dust and bypass dust need to be considered for installations
where such dust leaves the kiln system (see 2.1.2.2) along with potential emissions from non-carbonate carbon in
the raw meal (see 2.1.2.3). Emissions from clinker production and from cement kiln dust and bypass dust and
non-carbonate carbon in input materials shall be calculated separately and added up to the emission total:

CO2-emissionsprocess_total [t] = CO2-emissionsclinker [t] + CO2-emissionsdust [t] + CO2-emissionsnon-carbonate carbon

EMISSIONS RELATED TO CLINKER OUTPUT

(a)

activity data

The clinker production [t] over the reporting period is determined either

— by direct weighing of clinker or,

— based on cement deliveries using the following formula (material balance taking into account dispatch

of clinker, clinker supplies as well as clinker stock variation):

clinker produced [t] = ((cement deliveries [t] - cement stock variation [t])* clinker/cement ratio [t clinker/t
cement]) - (clinker supplied [t]) + (clinker dispatched [t]) - (clinker stock variation [t])

The cement/clinker ratio shall either be derived for each of the different cement products based on the
provisions of Section 13 of Annex I or be calculated from the difference of cement deliveries and stock
changes and all materials used as additives to the cement including by-pass dust and cement kiln dust.

Tier 1

The amount of clinker produced [t] over a reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of less
than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 2

The amount of clinker produced [t] over a reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of less
than ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Emission factor: 0,525 tCO2/t clinker

Tier 2

The operator applies a country-specific emission factor as reported by the respective Member State in its
latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change.

Tier 3

The determination of the amount of CaO and MgO in the product is carried out according to Section 13 of
Annex I.

Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 2 shall be used to convert composition data into emission factors
assuming that all CaO and MgO have been derived from respective carbonates.

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Table 2

Stoichiometric ratios

Oxide

CaO

MgO

0,785

1,092

Stoichiometric ratios
[tCO2]/[t earth alkali oxide]

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

The amount of (non-carbonate) CaO and MgO in the raw materials is conservatively assumed to be zero, i.e.
all Ca and Mg in the product is assumed to have originated from carbonate raw materials, reflected by
conversion factors of value 1.

Tier 2

The amount of (non-carbonate) CaO and MgO in the raw materials is reflected by means of conversion
factors with a value between 0 and 1 with a value of 1 corresponding to a full conversion of raw material
carbonates into oxides. The additional determination of relevant chemical parameters of the raw materials is
carried out according to Section 13 of Annex I. This may be done by means of thermo-gravimetric
methods.

2.1.2.2.

EMISSIONS RELATED TO DISCARDED DUST

CO2 from bypass dust or cement kiln dust (CKD) leaving the kiln system shall be calculated based on amounts of
dust leaving the kiln system and the emission factor calculated as for clinker (but with potentially different CaO
and MgO contents), corrected for partial calcination of CKD. Emissions shall be calculated as follows:

CO2 emissionsdust = Activity data * Emission factor

With:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Amount [t] of CKD or bypass dust (if relevant) leaving the kiln system over a reporting period estimated
using industry best practice guidelines.

Tier 2

Amount [t] of CKD or bypass dust (if relevant) leaving the kiln system during over a period derived with a
maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Use of the reference value of 0,525 tCO2 per tonne clinker also for CKD or by-pass dust leaving the kiln
system.

Tier 2

The emission factor [tCO2/t] for CKD or by-pass dust leaving the kiln system shall be calculated based on
the degree of calcination and composition. The degree of calcination and composition shall be determined
at least once per year following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

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The relation between the degree of CKD calcination and the CO2 emissions per tonne of CKD is non-linear.
It shall be approximated using the following formula:

EFCKD ¼

where

*d

EFCli
1 þ EFCli
EFCli
1 þ EFCli

1 −

*d

EFCKD =
EFCli
=
=
d

emission factor of partially calcined cement kiln dust [tCO2/t CKD]
installation specific emission factor of clinker [CO2/t clinker]
degree of CKD calcination (released CO2 as % of total carbonate CO2 in the raw mix)

2.1.2.3.

EMISSIONS FROM NON-CARBONATE CARBON IN RAW MEAL

Emissions from non-carbonate carbon in limestone, shale or alternative raw materials (e.g. fly ash) used in the raw
meal in the kiln shall be determined using the following expression:

CO2-emissionsnon-carbonate raw = Activity data * Emission factor * Conversion Factor

With:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Amount of relevant raw material [t] consumed over a reporting period derived with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 15 %.

Tier 2

Amount of relevant raw material [t] consumed over a reporting period derived with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

The content of non-carbonate carbon in the relevant raw material shall be estimated using industry best
practice guidelines.

Tier 2

The content of non-carbonate carbon in the relevant raw material shall be determined at least annually
following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Conversion Factor: 1,0.

Tier 2

The conversion factor is calculated applying industry best practice.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.

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ANNEX VIII

Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the production of lime as listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

No specific boundary issues.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In installations for the production of lime, CO2 emissions result from the following emission sources and source
streams:

— calcination of limestone and dolomite in the raw materials,

— conventional fossil kiln fuels,

— alternative fossil-based kiln fuels and raw materials,

— biomass kiln fuels (biomass wastes),

— other fuels.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes involving different types of fuels (e.g. coal, petcoke, fuel oil, natural gas and the broad
range of waste fuels) that take place at installations for the production of lime shall be monitored and reported in
accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Relevant emissions occur during calcination and from the oxidation of organic carbon in the raw materials.
During calcination in the kiln, CO2 from carbonates is released from the raw materials. Calcination CO2 is directly
linked with the lime production. On installation level, calcination CO2 can be calculated in two ways: based on the
amount of calcium and magnesium carbonate from the raw material (mainly limestone and dolomite) converted
in the process (calculation method A), or based on the amount of calcium and magnesium oxides in the lime
produced (calculation method B). The two approaches are considered to be equivalent and can be mutually used
by the operator to validate the results of the respective other method.

Calculation method A — carbonates

Calculation shall be based on the amount of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate in the raw materials
consumed. The following formula shall be used:

CO2 emission t CO2

½

(cid:8)

(cid:138) ¼ Σ activity dataINPUT * emission factor * conversion factor

(cid:9)

(a)

activity data

These requirements apply separately to each of the relevant carbon-bearing kiln inputs (other than fuels),
e.g. chalk or limestone, avoiding double counting or omissions from returned or by-passed materials.

Tier 1

The amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period is determined by the operator
with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

The amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period is determined by the operator
with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

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Tier 3

The amount of relevant kiln input [t] consumed during the reporting period is determined by the operator
with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

The emission factors shall be calculated and reported in units of mass of CO2 released per tonne of each
relevant kiln input assuming full conversion. Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 1 below shall be used
to convert composition data into emission factors.

The determination of the amount of CaCO3, MgCO3 and organic carbon (where relevant) in each relevant
kiln input material is carried out according to Section 13 of Annex I.

Table 1

Stoichiometric ratios

Substance

CaCO3

MgCO3

Stoichiometric ratios

0,440 [tCO2/t CaCO3]

0,522 [tCO2/t MgCO3]

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Carbonates leaving the kiln are conservatively assumed to be zero, i.e. assuming full calcination and a
conversion factor is of 1.

Tier 2

Carbonates leaving the kiln in the lime are considered by means of a conversion factor with a value between
0 and 1. The operator may assume complete conversion for one or several kiln inputs and attribute
unconverted carbonates to the remaining kiln input(s). The additional determination of relevant chemical
parameters of the products is carried out according to Section 13 of Annex I.

Calculation method B — alkali earth oxides

CO2 emissions arise from the calcination of carbonates and shall be calculated based on the amounts of CaO and
MgO contents in the lime produced. Already calcined Ca and Mg entering the kiln, for instance through fly ash or
fuels and raw materials with a relevant CaO or MgO content shall be considered appropriately by means of the
conversion factor. Lime kiln dust leaving the kiln system shall be considered appropriately.

Emissions from carbonates

The following calculation formula shall be used:

CO2 emission t CO2

½

(cid:8)

(cid:138) ¼ Σ activity dataOUTPUT * emission factor * conversion factor

(cid:9)

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

Amount of lime [t] produced during the reporting period is determined by the operator with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 2

Amount of lime [t] produced during the reporting period is determined by the operator with a maximum
uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

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(b)

emission factors

Tier 1

The determination of the amount of CaO and MgO in the product is carried out according to Section 13 of
Annex I.

Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 2 shall be used to convert composition data into emission factors
assuming that all CaO and MgO have been derived from respective carbonates.

Table 2

Stoichiometric ratios

Oxide

CaO

MgO

Stoichiometric ratios [tCO2]/[t earth alkali oxide]

0,785

1,092

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

CaO and MgO in the raw materials are conservatively assumed to be zero, i.e. all Ca and Mg in the product
is assumed to have originated from carbonate raw materials, reflected by conversion factors of value 1.

Tier 2

The amount of CaO and MgO already in the raw materials is reflected by means of conversion factors with a
value between 0 and 1 with a value of 1 corresponding to a full conversion of raw material carbonates into
oxides. The additional determination of relevant chemical parameters of the raw materials is carried out
according to Section 13 of Annex I.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.

L 229/76

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Official Journal of the European Union

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Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the manufacture of glass as listed in Annex I to Directive
2003/87/EC

ANNEX IX

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the
installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

This Annex also applies to installations for the production of water glass and stone/rock wool.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In glass production installations, CO2 emissions result from the following emission sources and source streams:

— decomposition of alkali- and earth alkali carbonates during melting of the raw material,

— conventional fossil fuels,

— alternative fossil-based fuels and raw materials,

— biomass fuels (biomass wastes),

— other fuels,

— carbon containing additives including coke and coal dust,

— waste gas scrubbing.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes that take place in installations for the manufacture of glass shall be monitored and
reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

CO2 is released during melting in the furnace, from carbonates contained in the raw materials, and from the
neutralization of HF, HCl and SO2 in the flue gases with limestone or other carbonates. Emissions from the
decomposition of carbonates in the melting process and from scrubbing shall both be part of the installation's
emissions. They shall be added to the emission total but be reported separately if possible.

CO2 from carbonates in the raw materials released during melting in the furnace is directly linked with the glass
production and shall be calculated based on the converted quantity of carbonates from raw material — mainly
soda, lime/limestone, dolomite and other alkali and alkali earth carbonates supplemented by carbonate free
recycled glass (cullet).

Calculation shall be based on the amount of carbonates consumed. The following formula shall be used:

CO2 emissions t CO2

½

(cid:138) ¼ Σ activity data * emission factor

f

g þ Σ additive * emission factor

f

g

With:

(a)

activity data

Activity data is the amount [t] of carbonate raw materials or additives associated with CO2 emissions, as
delivered (such as dolomite, limestone, soda, and other carbonates) and processed for the production of
glass in the installation during the reporting period.

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Tier 1

The total mass [t] of the carbonate raw materials or carbon containing additives consumed in the reporting
period is determined per type of raw material by the operator or his supplier with a maximum uncertainty
of ± 2,5 %.

Tier 2

The total mass [t] of the carbonate raw materials or carbon containing additives consumed in the reporting
period is determined per type of raw material by the operator or his supplier with a maximum uncertainty
of ± 1,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Carbonates

The emission factors shall be calculated and reported in units of mass of CO2 released per tonne of each
carbonate raw material. Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 1 below shall be used to convert
composition data into emission factors.

Tier 1

The purity of relevant input materials is determined by means of best industry practice. The derived values
shall be adjusted according to moisture and gangue content of the applied carbonate materials.

Tier 2

The determination of the amount of relevant carbonates in each relevant input material is carried out
according to Section 13 of Annex I.

Carbonate

CaCO3
MgCO3
Na2CO3
BaCO3
Li2CO3
K2CO3
SrC03
NaHCO3
General:
XY(CO3)Z

Table 1
Stoichiometric emission factors

Emission factor
[tCO2/t carbonate]

Remarks

0,440

0,522

0,415

0,223

0,596

0,318

0,298

0,524

Emission factor =
[MCO2]/{Y * [Mx] + Z * [MCO3

2-]}

X = alkali earth or alkali metal
Mx = molecular weight of X in [g/mol]
MCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44 [g/
mol]
MCO3- = molecular weight of CO3
mol]
Y = stoichiometric number of X
= 1 (for alkali earth metals)
= 2 (for alkali metals)

2- = 60 [g/

Z = stoichiometric number of CO3

2- = 1

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.

L 229/78

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Official Journal of the European Union

31.8.2007

Activity-specific guidelines for installations for the manufacture of ceramic products as listed in Annex I to
Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX X

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

No specific boundary issues.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

In installations for the manufacture of ceramic products, CO2 emissions result from the following emission
sources and source streams:

— conventional fossil kiln fuels,

— alternative fossil-based kiln fuels,

— biomass kiln fuels,

— calcination of limestone/dolomite and other carbonates in the raw material,

— limestone and other carbonates for reducing air pollutants and other flue gas cleaning,

— fossil/biomass additives used to induce porosity, e.g. polystyrol, residues from paper production or sawdust,

— fossil organic material in the clay and other raw materials.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes that take place at installations for the manufacture of ceramic products shall be monitored
and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

CO2 is released during calcination of the raw materials in the kiln and the oxidation of organic material of the clay
and additives, and from the neutralization of HF, HCl and SO2 in the flue gases with limestone or other carbonates
and from other flue gas cleaning processes. Emissions from the decomposition of carbonates and the oxidation of
organic material in the kiln and from flue gas cleaning shall all be included in the installation's emissions. They
shall be added up to the emission total but reported separately, if possible. Calculation shall be as follows:

CO2 emissionstotal [t] = CO2 emissionsinput material [t] + CO2 emissionsflue gas cleaning [t]

2.1.2.1. CO2 FROM INPUT MATERIAL

CO2 from carbonates and from carbon contained in other input materials shall be calculated using either a
calculation method based on the amount of inorganic and organic carbon in raw materials (e.g. various
carbonates, organic content of the clay and of additives) converted in the process (calculation method A), or a
methodology based on the alkali earth oxides in ceramics produced (calculation method B). The two approaches are
considered equivalent for ceramics based on purified or synthetic clays. Calculation method A shall be applied for
ceramic products based on unprocessed clays and whenever clays or additives with significant organic content are
used.

Calculation method A — carbon inputs

Calculation is based on the carbon input (organic and inorganic)
in each of the relevant raw materials,
e.g. different types of clays, clay mixings or additives. Quartz/silica, feldspar, kaolin and mineral talc commonly do
not constitute significant sources of carbon.

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L 229/79

Activity data, emission factor and conversion factor shall refer to a common state of the material, preferably the
dry state.

The following calculation formula shall be used:

CO2 emission [tCO2] = Σ {activity data * emission factor * conversion factor}

With:

(a)

activity data

These requirements apply separately to each of the relevant carbon-bearing raw materials (other than fuels),
e.g. clay or additives, avoiding double counting or omissions from returned or by-passed materials.

Tier 1

The amount of each relevant raw material or additive [t] consumed during the reporting period (excluding
losses) is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

The amount of each relevant raw material or additive [t] consumed during the reporting period (excluding
losses) is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

The amount of each relevant raw material or additive [t] consumed during the reporting period (excluding
losses) is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

One aggregate emission factor including organic and inorganic carbon (total carbon (TC)) may be applied
for each source stream (i.e. relevant raw material mix or additive). Alternatively, two different emission
factors for total inorganic carbon (TIC) and total organic carbon (TOC) for each source stream may be
applied. Where applicable, stoichiometric ratios shall be applied to convert composition data for individual
carbonates, as shown in Table 1 below. The determination of biomass fraction of additives which do not
qualify as pure biomass shall follow the provisions of Section 13.4 of Annex I.

Table 1

Stoichiometric ratios

Carbonates

Stoichiometric ratios

CaCO3

0,440 [tCO2/t CaCO3]

MgCO3

0,522 [tCO2/t MgCO3]

BaCO3

0,223 [tCO2/t BaCO3]

General:
XY(CO3)Z

Emission factor = [MCO2]/{Y * [Mx] + Z *
[MCO3

2-]}

X = alkali earth or alkali metal
Mx = molecular weight of X in [g/mol]
MCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44 [g/
mol]
MCO3- = molecular weight of CO3
mol]
Y = stoichiometric number of X
= 1 (for alkali earth metals)
= 2 (for alkali metals)

2- = 60 [g/

Z = stoichiometric number of CO3

2- = 1

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31.8.2007

Tier 1

A conservative value of 0,2 tonnes CaCO3 (corresponding to 0,08794 tonnes of CO2) per tonne of dry clay
is applied for the calculation of the emission factor instead of results of analyses.

Tier 2

An emission factor for each source stream is derived and updated at least once per year using industry best
practice reflecting site specific conditions and the product mix of the installation.

Tier 3

The determination of composition of the relevant raw materials is carried out according to Section 13 of
Annex I.

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Carbonates and other carbon leaving the kiln in the products are conservatively assumed to be zero,
assuming full calcination and oxidation reflected by a conversion factor of 1.

Tier 2

Carbonates and carbon leaving the kiln are captured by means of conversion factors with a value between 0
and 1 with a value of 1 corresponding to a full conversion of carbonates or other carbon. The additional
determination of relevant chemical parameters of the products is carried out according to Section 13 of
Annex I.

Calculation method B — alkali earth oxides

Calcination CO2 is calculated based on the amounts of ceramics produced and the CaO, MgO and other (earth)
alkali oxide contents of the ceramics (activity dataOUTPUT). The emission factor is corrected for already calcined Ca,
Mg and for other alkali earth/alkali contents entering the kiln (activity dataINPUT), for instance alternative fuels and
raw materials with a relevant CaO or MgO content. The following calculation formula shall be used:

CO2 emission [tCO2] = Σ{activity data* emission factor * conversion factor}

With:

(a)

activity data

The activity data of the products relate to gross production including rejected products and cullet from the
kilns and shipment.

Tier 1

The mass of the products during the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of less than
± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

The mass of the products during the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of less than
± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

The mass of the products during the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of less than
± 2,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

One aggregate emission factor shall be calculated based on the content of the relevant metal oxides,
e.g. CaO, MgO and BaO in the product using the stoichiometric ratios in Table 2.

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L 229/81

Table 2

Stoichiometric ratios

Stoichiometric ratios

Remarks

0,785 [tonne CO2 per tonne of oxide]

1,092 [tonne CO2 per tonne of oxide]

0,287 [tonne CO2 per tonne of oxide]

Emission factor = [MCO2]/{Y * [Mx] + Z *
[MO]}

X = alkali earth or alkali metal
Mx = molecular weight of X in [g/mol]
MCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44 [g/mol]
MO = molecular weight of O = 16 [g/mol]
Y = stoichiometric number of X
= 1 (for alkali earth metals)
= 2 (for alkali metals)

Z = stoichiometric number of O = 1

Oxide

CaO

MgO

BaO

General:
XY(O)Z

Tier 1

A conservative value of 0,123 tonnes CaO (corresponding to 0,09642 tonnes of CO2) per tonne of product
is applied for the calculation of the emission factor instead of results of analyses.

Tier 2

An emission factor is derived and updated at least once per year using industry best practice reflecting site
specific conditions and the product mix of the installation.

Tier 3

The determination of composition of the products is carried out according to Section 13 of Annex I.

(c)

conversion factor

Tier 1

Relevant oxides in the raw materials are conservatively assumed to be zero, i.e. all Ca, Mg, Ba and other
relevant alkali oxides in the product is assumed to have originated from carbonate raw materials, reflected
by conversion factors of value 1.

Tier 2

Relevant oxides in the raw materials are reflected by means of conversion factors with a value between 0
and 1 with a value of 0 corresponding to a full content of relevant oxide already in the raw material. The
additional determination of relevant chemical parameters of the raw materials is carried out according to
Section 13 of Annex I.

2.1.2.2. CO2 FROM LIMESTONE FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTANTS AND OTHER FLUE GAS CLEANING

CO2 from limestone for reducing air pollutants and other flue gas clean shall be calculated based on the amount
of CaCO3 input. Double counting from used limestone recycled as raw material in the same installation shall be
avoided.

The following calculation formula shall be used:

CO2 emission [tCO2] = activity data * emission factor

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With:

(a)

activity data

Tier 1

The amount [t] of dry CaCO3 consumed during the reporting period determined by weighing by operator
or his suppliers with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Stoichiometric ratios of CaCO3 as shown in Table 1.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 229/83

Activity-specific guidelines for pulp and paper producing installations as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

ANNEX XI

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

Subject to the approval of the competent authority, if the installation exports fossil fuel-derived CO2, for instance
to an adjacent precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) installation, these exports shall not be included in the
installation's emissions.

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the
installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

Pulp and paper mill processes with the potential to emit CO2 emissions include:

— power boilers, gas turbines, and other combustion devices producing steam or power for the mill,

— recovery boilers and other devices burning spent pulping liquors,

— incinerators,

— lime kilns and calciners,

— waste gas scrubbing,

— fossil fuel-fired dryers (such as infrared dryers).

Wastewater treatment and landfills, including anaerobic wastewater treatment or sludge digestion operations and
landfills used to dispose of mill wastes, are not listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC. Consequently their
emissions fall outside the scope of Directive 2003/87/EC.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Emissions from combustion processes that take place at pulp and paper installations shall be monitored in
accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

PROCESS EMISSIONS

Emissions are caused by the use of carbonates as make-up chemicals in pulp mills. Although losses of sodium and
calcium from the recovery system and causticising area are usually made up using non-carbonate chemicals, small
amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which do result in CO2 emissions, are
sometimes used. The carbon contained in these chemicals is usually of fossil origin, although in some cases
(e.g. Na2CO3 purchased from soda-based semi-chem mills) it can be derived from biomass.

It is assumed that the carbon in these chemicals is emitted as CO2 from the lime kiln or recovery furnace. These
emissions are determined by assuming that all of the carbon in CaCO3 and Na2CO3 used in the recovery and
causticising areas is released to the atmosphere.

Calcium make-up is required because of losses from the causticising area, most of which are in the form of
calcium carbonate.

CO2 emissions shall be calculated as follows:

CO2 emissions = Σ {(Activity data Carbonate * Emission factor)}

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With:

(a)

activity data

Activity dataCarbonate are the amounts of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process.

Tier 1

Amounts [t] of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process as determined by the operator or his suppliers
with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 2

Amounts [t] of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process as determined by the operator or his suppliers
with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

emission factor

Tier 1

Stoichiometric ratios [tCO2/tCaCO3] and [tCO2/tNa2CO3] for non-biomass carbonates as indicated in Table 1.
Biomass carbonates are weighted with an emission factor of 0 [tCO2/t carbonate].

Table 1

Stoichiometric emission factors

Carbonate type and origin

Emission factor
[tCO2/t carbonate]

Pulp mill make-up CaCO3

Pulp mill make-up Na2CO3

0,440

0,415

These values shall be adjusted according to moisture and gangue content of the applied carbonate materials.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO2 EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.

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L 229/85

Guidelines for determination of greenhouse gas emissions by continuous emission measurement systems

ANNEX XII

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The provisions of this Annex address emissions of greenhouse gases from activities covered by Directive 2003/87/EC.
CO2 emissions may occur at several emission sources in an installation.

2.

DETERMINATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Tier 1

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than ± 10 %
shall be achieved.

Tier 2

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than ± 7,5 %
shall be achieved.

Tier 3

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than ± 5 % shall
be achieved.

Tier 4

For each emission source a total uncertainty of the overall emissions over the reporting period of less than ± 2,5 %
shall be achieved.

Overall approach

Total emissions of a greenhouse gas (GHG) from an emission source over the reporting period shall be determined by
using the below formula. Determination parameters of the formula shall be according to the provisions of Section 6 of
Annex I. In case several emission sources exist in one installation and cannot be measured as one, emissions from
these emission sources shall be measured separately and summed up to the total emissions of the specific gas over the
reporting period in the whole installation.

GHG − tot ann ½t(cid:138) ¼ Σoperating hours p:a:

i¼l

GHG-concentrationi * flue gas flowi

With:

GHG concentration

The GHG concentration in the flue gas is determined by continuous measurement at a representative point.

Flue gas flow

The dry flue gas flow can be determined using one of the following methods:

METHOD A

The flue gas flow Qe is calculated by means of a mass-balance approach, taking into account all significant parameters
such as input material loads, input air flow, process efficiency, etc. and on the output side the product output, the O2
concentration, SO2 and NOx concentrations, etc.

The specific calculation approach shall be approved by the competent authority as part of the evaluation of the
monitoring plan and the monitoring methodology therein.

METHOD B

The flue gas flow Qe is determined by continuous flow measurement at a representative point.