Regulation No 55 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of mechanical coupling components of combinations of vehicles
Date: 2006-12-27
Institutions: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
Subjects: Ecosoc, approval, commercial vehicle, mechanical equipment, motor car, technical regulations, vehicle parts

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Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status 
and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the 
UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.X, available at: 
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html. 

Regulation No 55 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations 
(UN/ECE) – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of mechanical coupling 
components of combinations of vehicles  

Addendum 54: Regulation No. 55 

Revision 1 

Incorporating all valid text up to: 

The 01 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 16 September 2001 
Corrigendum 1 to the 01 series of amendments, subject of depositary notification 
C.N.602.2002.TREATIES-1 dated 13 June 2002 

1. 

1.1. 

SCOPE 

This  Regulation  lays  down  the  requirements  which  the  mechanical 
coupling  devices  and  components  shall  meet  in  order  to  be  regarded 
internationally as being mutually compatible. 

1.2. 

This Regulation applies to devices and components intended for: 

1.2.1. 

1.2.2. 

motor vehicles and trailers intended to form a combination of vehicles1 

motor vehicles and trailers intended to form articulated vehicles  1, where 
the  vertical  load  imposed  on  the  motor  vehicle  by  the  trailer  does  not 
exceed  
200 kN. 

1.3. 

This Regulation applies to: 

1.3.1. 

standard devices and components as defined in paragraph 2.3.; 

1.3.2. 

non-standard devices and components as defined in paragraph 2.4.; 

1.3.3. 

non-standard  miscellaneous  devices  and  components  as  defined  in 
paragraph 2.5. 

2. 

DEFINITIONS 

1 Within the meaning of the Convention on Road Traffic (Vienna, 1968) article 1, subparagraphs (t) 
and (u).  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
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For the purposes of this Regulation: 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

2.5. 

"mechanical coupling devices and components means" all those items on 
the frame, load-bearing parts of the bodywork and the chassis of the motor 
vehicle and trailer by means of which they are connected together to form 
the  combination  of  vehicles  or  the  articulated  vehicles.  Fixed  or 
detachable  parts  for  the  attachment  or  operation  of  the  mechanical 
coupling device or component are included. 

automatic  coupling  requirement  is  achieved  if  reversing  the  towing 
vehicle against the trailer is sufficient to engage the coupling completely, 
to lock it automatically and to indicate proper engagement of the locking 
devices without any external intervention. 

In  the  case  of  hook  type  couplings  automatic  coupling  requirement  is 
achieved if opening and closing of the coupling locking device takes place 
without  any  external  intervention  when  the  drawbar  eye  is  inserted  into 
the hook. 

standard  mechanical  coupling  devices  and  components  conform  to 
standard dimensions and characteristic values as given in this Regulation. 
They are interchangeable within their class, independent of manufacturer. 

non-standard  mechanical  coupling  devices  and  components  do  not 
conform  in  all  respects  to  the  standard  dimensions  and  characteristic 
values given in this Regulation but can be connected to standard coupling 
devices and components in the relevant class. 

non-standard miscellaneous mechanical coupling devices and components 
do not conform to standard dimensions and characteristic values as given 
in  this  Regulation  and  cannot  be  connected  to  standard  coupling  devices 
and  components.  They  include,  for  example,  devices  which  do  not 
correspond with any of the Classes A to L and T listed in paragraph 2.6. 
such as those intended for special, heavy transport use and miscellaneous 
devices conforming to existing national standards. 

2.6. 

2.6.1. 

mechanical  coupling  devices  and  components  are  classified  according  to 
type as follows: 

Class A Coupling balls and towing brackets employing a 50 mm diameter 
spherical device and brackets on the towing vehicle for connecting to the 
trailer by means of a coupling head - see annex 5, paragraph 1. 

2.6.1.1. 

Class A50-1 to 50-5 Standard 50 mm diameter coupling balls with flange 
type bolted fixing. 

2.6.1.2. 

Class A50-X Non-standard 50 mm diameter coupling balls and brackets. 

2.6.2. 

Class B Coupling heads fitted to the drawbar of trailers for connecting to 
the  50  mm  diameter  coupling  ball  on  the  towing  vehicle  -  see  annex  5, 
paragraph 2. 

 
 
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2.6.2.1. 

Class B50-X Non-standard 50 mm diameter coupling heads. 

2.6.3. 

Class C Drawbar couplings with a 50 mm diameter pin and with a jaw and 
an automatic closing and locking pin on the towing vehicle for connecting 
to the trailer by means of a drawbar eye - see annex 5, paragraph 3.: 

2.6.3.1. 

Class C50-1 to 50-7 Standard 50 mm pin diameter drawbar couplings. 

2.6.3.2. 

Class C50-X Non-standard 50 mm pin diameter drawbar couplings. 

2.6.4. 

Class  D  Drawbar  eyes  having  a  parallel  hole  suitable  for  a  50  mm 
diameter  pin  and  fitted  to  the  drawbar  of  trailers  for  connecting  to 
automatic drawbar couplings - see annex 5, paragraph 4.: 

2.6.4.1. 

Class  D50-A  Standard  50  mm  pin  diameter  drawbar  eyes  for  welded 
attachment. 

2.6.4.2. 

Class  D50-B  Standard  50  mm  pin  diameter  drawbar  eyes  for  threaded 
attachment. 

2.6.4.3. 

Class  D50-C  and  50-D  Standard  50  mm  pin  diameter  drawbar  eyes  for 
bolted attachment. 

2.6.4.4. 

Class D50-X Non-standard 50 mm pin diameter drawbar eyes. 

2.6.5. 

Class  E  Non-standard  drawbars  comprising  overrun  devices  and  similar 
items  of  equipment  mounted  on  the  front of the towed vehicle, or to the 
vehicle chassis, which are suitable for coupling to the towing vehicle by 
means of drawbar eyes, coupling heads or similar coupling devices - see 
annex 5, paragraph 5. 

Drawbars  may  be  hinged  to  move  freely  in  a  vertical  plane  and  not 
support any vertical load or be fixed in a vertical plane so as to support a 
vertical load (Rigid drawbars). Rigid drawbars can be entirely rigid or be 
flexibly mounted. 

Drawbars may comprise more than one component and may be adjustable 
or cranked. 

This  Regulation  applies  to  drawbars  which  are  separate  units,  not  an 
integral part of the chassis of the towed vehicle. 

2.6.6. 

2.6.7. 

Class F Non-standard drawbeams comprising all components and devices 
between  the  coupling  devices,  such  as  coupling  balls  and  drawbar 
couplings,  and  the  frame  (for  example  the  rear  cross  member),  the  load-
bearing  bodywork  or  the  chassis  of  the  towing  vehicle  -  see  annex  5, 
paragraph 6. 

Class  G  Fifth  wheel  couplings  are  plate  type  couplings  having  an 
automatic coupling lock and are fitted to the towing vehicle for connecting 
with a 50 mm diameter fifth wheel coupling pin fitted to a semitrailer - see 
annex 5, paragraph 7. 

 
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2.6.7.1. 

Class G50 Standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel couplings. 

2.6.7.2. 

Class G50-X Non-standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel couplings. 

2.6.8. 

Class H Fifth wheel coupling pins, 50 mm diameter, are devices fitted to a 
semitrailer to connect with the fifth wheel coupling of the towing vehicle - 
see annex 5, paragraph 8.: 

2.6.8.1. 

Class H50-X Non-standard 50 mm pin diameter fifth wheel coupling pins. 

2.6.9. 

2.6.10. 

2.6.11. 

2.6.12. 

2.6.13. 

2.7. 

2.8. 

2.9. 

Class  J  Non-standard  mounting  plates  comprising  all  components  and 
devices for attaching fifth wheel couplings to the frame or chassis of the 
towing  vehicle.  The  mounting  plate  may  have  provision  for  moving 
horizontally, that is to form a sliding fifth wheel - see annex 5, paragraph 
9. 

Class K Standard, hook type couplings intended for use with appropriate 
Class L type toroidal drawbar eyes - see annex 5, paragraph 10. 

Class L Standard toroidal drawbar eyes for use with appropriate Class K 
hook type couplings - see annex 5, paragraph 4. 

Class  S  Devices  and  components  which  do  not  conform  to  any  of  the 
Classes  A  to  L  or  T  above  and  which  are  used,  for  example,  for  special 
heavy  transport  or  are  devices  unique  to  some  countries  and  covered  by 
existing national standards. 

Class  T  Non-standard,  non-automatic  dedicated  drawbar  type  couplings 
which are able to be separated only  by the use of tools and are typically 
used for trailers of car transporters. They shall be approved as a matched 
pair. 

Steering  wedges  are  devices  or  components  mounted  on  semitrailers 
which control positive steering of the trailer in conjunction with the fifth 
wheel coupling. 

Remote  control  systems  are  devices  and  components  which  enable  the 
coupling  device  to  be  operated  from  the  side  of  the  vehicle  or  from  the 
driving cab of the vehicle. 

Remote  indicators  are  devices  and  components  which  give  an  indication 
in  the  vehicle  cab  that  coupling  has  been  effected  and  that  the  locking 
devices have engaged. 

2.10. 

 "type  of  coupling  device  or  component"  means  a  device  or  component 
which does not differ in such essential respects as: 

2.10.1. 

the manufacturer's or supplier s trade name or mark; 

2.10.2. 

the class of coupling as defined in paragraph 2.6.; 

2.10.3. 

the  external  shape,  principal  dimensions  or  fundamental  difference  in 
design including materials used; and 

 
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2.10.4. 

, S, V and U as defined in paragraph 2.11. 
the characteristic values D, D
c

2.11. 

, S, V and U are defined or determined as: 
The characteristic values D, D
c

2.11.1. 

The  D  or  D

  value  is  the  theoretical  reference  value  for  the  horizontal 
c

forces  in  the  towing  vehicle  and  the  trailer  and  is  used  as  the  basis  for 
horizontal loads in the dynamic tests. 

For mechanical coupling devices and components not designed to support 
imposed vertical loads, the value is: 

D = g 

TxR
+
RT

KN 

For mechanical coupling devices and components  for centre axle trailers 
as defined in 2.13, the value is: 

DC = g 

TxC
+
RT

KN 

For fifth wheel couplings of Class G, fifth wheel coupling pins of Class H 
and mounting plates of Class J, as defined in paragraph 2.6., the value is: 

D = g 

6,0
xTxR
−+
URT

KN 

where: 

T  is  the  technically  permissible  maximum  mass  of  the  towing  vehicle, 
in tonnes.  Where  relevant,  this  includes  the  vertical  load  imposed  by  a 
centre axle trailer.  

R  is  the  technically  permissible  maximum  mass,  in tonnes,  of  a  trailer 
with drawbar free to move in a vertical plane, or of a semitrailer. 2 

C is the mass, in tonnes, transmitted to the ground by the axle or axles of 
the centre axle trailer, as defined in paragraph 2.13., when coupled to the 
towing vehicle and loaded to the technically permissible maximum mass 2. 
 centre axle trailers  3 the technically permissible 
For Category O
1

 and O

2

maximum  mass  will  be  that  declared  by  the  manufacturer  of  the  towing 
vehicle. 

g is the acceleration due to gravity (assumed to be 9.81 m/s2) 

2 The mass T and R and the technically permissible maximum mass, may be greater than the 
permissible maximum mass prescribed by national legislation.  
3 See definitions in Regulation N°. 13 annexed to the 1958 Agreement concerning the Adoption of 
Uniform Technical Prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/ 
or be Used on Vehicles and Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals granted on the Basis 
of these Prescriptions. The definition is also contained in annex 7 of Consolidated Resolution on the 
Construction vehicles (R. E. 3) (document TRANS/ WP. 29/ 78/ Rev. 1/ Amend. 2).  

 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
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U is as defined in paragraph 2.11.2. 

S is as defined in paragraph 2.11.3. 

2.11.2. 

2.11.3. 

2.11.4. 

The  U  value  is  the  vertical  mass,  in tonnes,  imposed  on  the  fifth  wheel 
coupling by the semitrailer of technically permissible maximum mass 2 

The S value is the vertical mass, in kilograms, imposed on the coupling, 
under static conditions, by the centre axle trailer, as defined in paragraph 
2.13., of technically permissible maximum mass 2 

The  V  value  is  the  theoretical  reference  value  of  the  amplitude  of  the 
vertical  force  imposed  on  the  coupling  by  the  centre  axle  trailer  of 
technically  permissible  maximum  mass  greater  than  3.5 tonnes.  The  V 
value is used as the basis for vertical forces in the dynamic tests. 

 (seen the note below) 

V = 

2

axCxX
2
L

where: 

a  is  an  equivalent  vertical  acceleration  at  the  coupling  depending  on  the 
type of suspension system of the rear axle of the towing vehicle. 

For  air  suspension  (or  suspension  systems  with  equivalent  damping 
characteristics) 

a = 1.8 m/s2 

For other types of suspension: 

a = 2.4 m/s2 

X is the length of the loading area of the trailer, in metres (see Figure 1) 

L is the distance from the centre of the drawbar eye to the centre of the 
axle assembly, in metres (see Figure 1) 

Note: (If less than 1.0, the value of 1.0 shall be used) 

2

X ≥  1.0 
2
L

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Figure 1 – Dimensions of the centre axle trailer 

2.12. 

Symbols and definitions used in annex 6 of this Regulation. 

 = maximum permitted axle mass of the steered axle in tonnes. 

A
v

C  =  mass  of  centre  axle  trailer  in tonnes  -  see  paragraph 2.11.1.  of  this 
Regulation. 

D = D value in kN - see paragraph 2.11.1. of this Regulation. 

 value in kN for centre axle trailers - see paragraph 2.11.1. of this 
 = D
D
c
c

Regulation. 

R  =  mass  of  towed  vehicle  in tonnes  -  see  paragraph 2.11.1.  of  this 
Regulation. 

T  =  mass  of  towing  vehicle  in tonnes  -  see  paragraph 2.11.1.  of  this 
Regulation. 

 = static lifting force in kN. 
F
a

 = horizontal component of test force in longitudinal axis of vehicle in 

F
h
kN. 

 = vertical component of test force in kN. 

F
s

S = static vertical mass in kg. 

U = fifth wheel imposed vertical mass in tonnes. 

V = V-value in kN - see paragraph 2.11.4. of this Regulation. 

a = equivalent vertical acceleration factor at the coupling point of centre 
axle trailers depending on the type of suspension of the rear axle(s) of the 
towing vehicle - see paragraph 2.11.4. of this Regulation. 

e  =  longitudinal  distance  between  the  coupling  point  of  coupling  balls 
which  can  be  dismantled  and  the  vertical  plane  of  the  fixing  points  (see 
Figures 20c to 20f) in mm. 

f  =  vertical  distance  between  the  coupling  point  of  coupling  balls  which 
can  be  dismantled  and  the  horizontal  plane  of  the  fixing  points  (see 
Figures 20c to 20f) in mm. 

g = acceleration due to gravity, assumed as 9.81 m/s2. 

L = theoretical drawbar length between the centre of the drawbar eye and 
the centre of the axle assembly in meters. 

 
 
 
 
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X = length of the loading area of a centre axle trailer in meters. 

Subscripts: 

O = maximum test force 

U = minimum test force 

a = static force 

h = horizontal 

p = pulsating 

res = resultant 

s = vertical 

w = alternating force 

2.13. 

2.14. 

2.15. 

3. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

"Centre axle trailer" means a trailer having a drawbar which cannot move 
in a vertical plane independent of the trailer and having an axle or axles 
positioned  close  to  the  centre  of  gravity  of  the  trailer,  when  uniformly 
loaded.  The  vertical  load  imposed on  the  coupling  of  the  towing  vehicle 
shall  not  exceed  10  per  cent  of  the  maximum  mass  of  the  trailer,  or 
1 000 kg, whichever is the lesser. 

The  maximum  mass  of  the  centre  axle  trailer  means  the  total  mass 
transmitted to the ground by the axle or axles of the trailer when coupled 
to  a  towing  vehicle  and  when  loaded  to  the  technically  permissible 
maximum mass 4. 

"Positive mechanical engagement" means that the design and geometry of 
a  device  and  its  component  parts  shall  be  such  that  it  will  not  open  or 
disengage under the action of any forces or components of forces to which 
it is subject during normal use or testing. 

"Vehicle  type"  means  vehicles  which  do  not  differ  in  such  essential 
respects  as  the  structure,  dimensions,  shape  and  materials  in  areas  to 
which  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  is  affixed.  This 
applies to both the towing vehicle and trailer. 

APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL 

The application for approval shall be submitted by the holder of the trade-
name or mark, or by his duly accredited representative. 

or each type of mechanical coupling device or component the application 
shall  be  accompanied  by  the  following  information,  for  example,  by 
means of the Communication form given in annex 1: 

4 The technically permissible mass, may be greater than the maximum permissible mass prescribed by 
national legislation  

 
                                                 
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3.2.1. 

3.2.2.  

details  of  all  manufacturer's  or  supplier's  trade  names  or  marks  to  be 
applied to the coupling device or component; 

three sets of drawings which are sufficiently detailed to define the device 
or component and which specify how it is to be fitted to the vehicle; the 
drawings  shall  show  the  position  and  space  provided  for  the  approval 
number and other marking as given in paragraph 7.; 

3.2.3. 

a  statement  of  the  values  of  D,  D
,  S,  V  and  U  as  applicable  and  as 
c

defined in paragraph 2.11. 

For  Class  A  towing  brackets  a  statement  of  the  maximum  permissible 
towing  vehicle  and  trailer  masses  and  the  maximum  permissible  static 
vertical  imposed  load  on  the  tow  ball  as  advised  by  the  manufacturer  of 
the towing vehicle; 

3.2.3.1. 

The characteristic values shall be at least equal to those applicable to the 
maximum permissible towing vehicle, trailer and combination masses. 

3.2.4. 

3.2.5. 

3.2.6. 

3.2.7. 

3.2.8. 

4. 

4.1. 

4.2. 

a detailed technical description of the device or component, specifying, in 
particular, the type and the materials used; 

restrictions on the vehicles to which the coupling may be fitted - see annex 
1, paragraph 12. and annex 5, paragraph 3.4.; 

one  sample,  plus  additional  samples  as  requested  by  the  type  approval 
authority or technical service; 

all samples shall be fully finished with the final surface treatment applied. 
However,  if  the  final  treatment  is  by  painting  or  epoxy  powder  coating, 
this should be omitted; 

in the case of a mechanical coupling device or component designed for a 
specific  vehicle  type,  the  manufacturer  of  the  device  or  component  shall 
also  submit  the  installation  data  given  by  the  vehicle  manufacturer.  The 
approval  authority  or  technical  service  may  also  request  that  a  vehicle 
representative of the type be submitted. 

GENERAL 
COUPLING DEVICES OR COMPONENTS 

REQUIREMENTS 

FOR  MECHANICAL 

Each sample shall conform to the dimensional and strength specifications 
set out in annexes 5 and 6. Following the tests specified in annex 6 there 
shall  not  be  any  cracks,  fractures  or  any  excessive  permanent  distortion 
which would be detrimental to the satisfactory operation of the device or 
component. 

All  parts  of  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  whose  failure 
could result in separation of the vehicle and trailer shall be made of steel. 
Other  materials  may  be  used  provided  that  equivalence  has  been 
demonstrated by the manufacturer to the satisfaction of the type approval 

 
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4.3. 

4.4. 

4.5. 

4.6. 

4.7. 

authority  or  technical  service  of  the  Contracting  Party  applying  this 
Regulation. 

The mechanical coupling devices or components shall be safe to operate 
and coupling and uncoupling shall be possible by one person without the 
use of tools. With the exception of Class T couplings only devices which 
allow  automatic  coupling  shall  be  allowed  for  the  coupling  of  trailers 
having a maximum technically permissible mass greater than 3.5 tonnes. 

The  mechanical  coupling  devices  or  components  shall  be  designed  and 
manufactured  such  that  in  normal  use  and  with  correct  maintenance  and 
replacement of wearing parts they will continue to function satisfactorily 
and retain the characteristics prescribed by this Regulation. 

All mechanical coupling devices or components shall be designed to have 
positive mechanical engagement and the closed position shall be locked at 
least  once  by  further  positive  mechanical  engagement  unless  further 
requirements  are  stated  in  annex  5.  Alternatively  there  may  be  two  or 
more separate arrangements to ensure the integrity of the device but each 
arrangement  shall  be  designed  to  have  positive  mechanical  engagement 
and  shall  be  tested  individually  to  any  requirements  given  in  annex  6. 
Positive mechanical engagement shall be as defined in paragraph 2.14. 

Spring  forces  may  be  used  only  to  close  the  device  and  to  prevent  the 
effects of vibration from causing component parts of the device to move 
to positions where it may open or disengage. 

The  failure  or  omission  of  any  one  single  spring  shall  not  allow  the 
complete device to open or disengage. 

Every  device  or  component  shall  be  accompanied  by  installation  and 
operating  instructions  giving  sufficient  information  for  any  competent 
person  to  install  it  correctly  on  the  vehicle  and  operate  it  properly  -  see 
also  annex  7.  The  instructions  shall  be  in  at  least  the  language  of  the 
country  in  which  it  will  be  offered  for  sale.  In  the  case  of  devices  and 
components  supplied  for  original  equipment  fitting  by  a  vehicle 
manufacturer  or  bodybuilder,  installation  instructions  may  be  dispensed 
with  but  the  vehicle  manufacturer  or  bodybuilder  will  be  responsible  for 
ensuring  that  the  vehicle  operator  is  supplied  with  the  necessary 
instructions for correct operation of the coupling device or component. 

For devices and components of Class A, or Class S, if applicable, for use 
with trailers of maximum permissible mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes, and 
which are produced by manufacturers not having any association with the 
vehicle manufacturer and where the devices and components are intended 
for fitting in the after-market, the height and other installation features of 
the coupling shall, in all cases, be verified by the type approval authority 
or technical service in accordance with annex 7, paragraph 1. 

4.8. 

For heavy duty and other non-standard miscellaneous coupling devices or 
components, Class S and Class T, the relevant requirements in annexes 5, 

 
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5. 

5.1. 

5.2. 

5.3. 

5.3.1. 

5.3.2. 

6 and 7 for the closest standard or non-standard device or component shall 
be used. 

APPLICATION  FOR  APPROVAL  OF  A  VEHICLE  FITTED 
WITH  A  MECHANICAL  COUPLING  DEVICE  OR 
COMPONENT 

Where a vehicle manufacturer applies for approval of a vehicle fitted with 
a  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  or  authorizes  the  use  of  a 
vehicle for towing any form of trailer, then, at the request of a bona fide 
applicant for possible type approval for a mechanical coupling device or 
component,  or  of  the  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  of  a 
Contracting  Party,  the  vehicle  manufacturer  shall  readily  make  available 
to  that  inquirer  or  authority  or  technical  service,  such  information  as 
required  in  paragraph  5.3  below,  to  enable  a  manufacturer  of  a  coupling 
device  or  component  to  properly  design  and  manufacture  a  mechanical 
coupling  device  or  component  for  that  vehicle.  At  the  request  of  a  bona 
fide applicant for possible type approval for a mechanical coupling device 
or  component,  any  information  given  in  paragraph  5.3  below  which  is 
held by the type approval authority shall be released to that applicant. 

The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the fitting of 
a  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  shall  be  submitted  by  the 
vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative. 

It  shall  be  accompanied  by  the  following  information  to  enable  the  type 
approval authority to complete the communication form given in annex 2. 

a detailed description of the vehicle type and of the mechanical coupling 
device or component and, at the request of the type approval authority or 
technical  service,  a  copy  of  the  approval  form  for  the  device  or 
component; 

The  information  shall  also  include  the  maximum  permissible  masses  of 
the  towing  and  towed  vehicles,  the  distribution  of  the  maximum 
permissible mass of the towing vehicle between the axles, the maximum 
permissible axle masses, the maximum permissible vertical loading to be 
imposed on the rear of the towing vehicle and details and/or drawings of 
the  installation  mounting  points  for  the  device  or  component  and  of  any 
additional  reinforcing  plates,  support  brackets  and  so  on,  necessary  for 
safe  attachment  of  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  to  the 
towing vehicle; 

5.3.2.1. 

the loading condition at which the height of the tow ball of M1 category 
vehicles is to be measured - see paragraph 2 of annex 7, appendix 1.  

5.3.3. 

three sets of drawings which are sufficiently detailed to identify the device 
or component and which specify how it is to be fitted to the vehicle; the 
drawings  shall  show  the  position  and  space  provided  for  the  approval 
number and other marking as given in paragraph 7.; 

 
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5.3.4. 

a detailed technical description of the device or component, specifying, in 
particular, the type and the materials used; 

5.3.5. 

a  statement  of  the  values  of  D,  D
,  S,  V  and  U  as  applicable  and  as 
c

defined in paragraph 2.11.; 

5.3.5.1. 

The characteristic values shall be at least equal to those applicable to the 
maximum permissible towing vehicle, trailer and combination masses. 

5.3.6. 

5.3.7. 

6. 

6.1. 

6.2. 

6.3. 

7. 

7.1. 

7.2. 

7.3. 

a  vehicle,  representative  of  the  type  to  be  approved  and  fitted  with  a 
mechanical  coupling  device,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  type  approval 
authority or technical service which may also request additional samples 
of the device or component; 

a vehicle not having all of the components appropriate to the type may be 
accepted  provided  that  the  applicant  can  show,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
type  approval  authority  or  technical  service,  that  the  absence  of  the 
components does not have any effect on the results of the inspection as far 
as the requirements of this Regulation are concerned. 

GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  VEHICLES  FITTED 
WITH  A  MECHANICAL  COUPLING  DEVICE  OR 
COMPONENT 

The  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  fitted  to  the  vehicle  shall 
be approved in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 3. and 4. 
and annexes 5 and 6 of this Regulation. 

The  installation  of  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  shall 
meet the requirements of annex 7 to this Regulation. 

Operating instructions shall be provided for use of the coupling device or 
component  which  shall  contain  any  special  instructions  for  operations 
which  are  different  from  those  normally  associated  with  the  type  of 
coupling  device  or  component  and  instructions  for  coupling  and 
uncoupling  with  different  modes  of  operation,  for  example,  at  various 
angles  between  the  towing  and  towed  vehicles.  Each  vehicle  shall  be 
accompanied by these operating instructions which shall be at least in the 
language of the country in which it will be offered for sale. 

MARKINGS 

Types  of  mechanical  coupling  devices  and  components  submitted  for 
approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer, supplier 
or applicant. 

There  shall  be  a  sufficiently  large  space  for  application  of  the  approval 
mark referred to in paragraph 8.5. and shown in annex 3. This space shall 
be shown on the drawings referred to in paragraph 3.2.2. 

Adjacent to the approval mark referred to in paragraphs 7.2. and 8.5., the 
mechanical coupling device or component shall be marked with the class 

 
L 373/62 

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of  coupling,  as  defined  in  paragraph 2.6.  and  the  relevant  characteristic 
values as defined in paragraph 2.11. and shown in annex 4. The position 
for  these  markings  shall  be  shown  on  the  drawings  referred  to  in 
paragraph 3.2.2. 

The characteristic values need not be marked in cases where those values 
are  defined  in  the  classification  given  in  this  Regulation,  for  example, 
Classes A50-1 to A50-5. 

Where  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  is  approved  for 
alternative  characteristic  values  within  the  same  class  of  coupling  or 
device, a maximum of two alternatives shall be marked on the device or 
component. 

If  the  application  of  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  is 
restricted  in  any  way,  for  example,  if  it  is  not  to  be  used  with  steering 
wedges, then that restriction shall be marked on the device or component. 

All  markings  shall  be  permanent  and  legible  when  the  device  or 
component is installed on the vehicle. 

APPROVAL 

If  the  sample(s)  of  a  type  of  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component 
meets  (meet)  the  requirements  of  this  Regulation,  approval  shall  be 
granted  subject  to  the  requirements  of  paragraph  10.  being  satisfactorily 
met. 

An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two 
digits  shall  indicate  the  series  of  amendments  incorporating  the  most 
recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of 
issue  of  the  approval.  The  same  Contracting  Party  may  not  assign  the 
same  number  to  another  type  of  device  or  component  referred  to  in  this 
Regulation. 

Notice of approval or of extension, refusal or withdrawal of approval or of 
production  definitely  discontinued,  relating  to  a  type  of  mechanical 
coupling device or component approved pursuant to this Regulation, shall 
be  communicated  to  the  Parties  to  the  1958  Agreement  applying  this 
Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model 
in either annex 1 or annex 2 to this Regulation. 

In addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 7.1., there shall be affixed 
to  every  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  approved  under  this 
Regulation, in the space referred to in paragraph 7.2., an approval mark as 
described in paragraph 8.5. 

7.4. 

7.5. 

7.6. 

8. 

8.1. 

8.2. 

8.3. 

8.4. 

8.5. 

The approval mark shall be an international mark comprising: 

 
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8.5.1. 

a circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number 
of the country which has granted approval 5; 

8.5.2. 

the approval number prescribed in paragraph 8.2.; 

8.5.3. 

the approval mark and number shall be arranged as shown in the example 
in annex 3. 

9. 

9.1. 

MODIFICATIONS  OF  THE  MECHANICAL  COUPLING 
DEVICE  OR  COMPONENT,  OR OF  THE  VEHICLE  AND 
EXTENSION OF APPROVAL 

Any  modification  to  the  type  of  mechanical  coupling  device  or 
component,  or  of  the  vehicle  as  defined  in  paragraph  2.10.  shall  be 
notified to the type approval authority or technical service which granted 
the  approval.  The  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  may  then 
either: 

9.1.1. 

consider  that  the  modifications  are  unlikely  to  have  any  appreciable 
adverse effect and that in any case the device, component or vehicle still 
conforms to requirements; or 

9.1.2. 

require a further test report. 

9.2. 

9.3. 

10. 

10.1. 

Confirmation of, or refusal of approval, specifying the modification, shall 
be  communicated  by  the  procedure  prescribed  in  paragraph  8.3.  to  the 
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation. 

The  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  issuing  an  extension  of 
approval  shall  assign  a  series  number  for  such  an  extension  and  shall 
inform  the  other  Contracting  Parties  applying  this  Regulation  by  the 
procedure prescribed in paragraph 8.3. 

CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION PROCEDURES  

The  holder  of  the  approval  must  ensure  that  results  of  the  conformity  of 
production  tests  are  recorded  and  that  the  annexed  documents  remain 
available for a period determined in agreement with the approval authority 

5 1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for 
Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for 
Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for 
Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for 
Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 
30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, 35-36 (vacant), 
37 for Turkey, 38-39 (vacant), 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for 
The European Community ( Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE 
symbol), 43 for Japan, 44 (vacant), 45 for Australia and 46 for Ukraine. Subsequent numbers shall be 
assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement 
concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and 
parts which can be Fitted and/ or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal 
Recognition of Approvals Granted on the basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned 
shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the 
Agreement.  

 
                                                 
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10.2. 

11. 

11.1. 

11.2. 

12. 

12.1. 

or technical service. This period must not exceed 10 years counted from 
the time when production is definitely discontinued. 

The  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  which  has  granted  type 
approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applied in 
each production facility. The normal frequency of these verifications shall 
be once every two years. 

PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION 

The approval granted in respect of a type of mechanical coupling device 
or  component  pursuant  to  this  Regulation  may  be  withdrawn  if  the 
requirements  are  not  complied  with  or  if  a  device  or  component  bearing 
the approval mark does not conform to the type approved. 

If  a  Contracting  Party  to  the  Agreement  applying  this  Regulation 
withdraws  an  approval  it  has  previously  granted,  it  shall  forthwith  so 
notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of 
a  communication  form  conforming  to  the  model  in  either  annex  1  or 
annex 2 to this Regulation. 

PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED 

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of 
mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  approved  in  accordance  with 
this Regulation, he shall so inform the type approval authority or technical 
service  which  granted  the  approval.  Upon  receiving  the  relevant 
communication,  that  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  shall 
inform  thereof  the  other  Contracting  Parties  to  the  1958  Agreement 
applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming 
to the model in either annex 1 or annex 2 to this Regulation. 

13. 

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 

Until  the  United  Nations  Secretary-General  is  notified  otherwise, 
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation that are Member States of the 
European  Community  (at  the  time  of  adoption  of  the  01  series  of 
amendments, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, 
Finland  and  Greece)  declare  that,  in  relation  to  mechanical  coupling 
devices and components, they will only be bound by the obligations of the 
Agreement  to  which  this  Regulation  is  annexed  with  respect  to  such 
devices and components intended for vehicles of categories other than M
.  
1

14. 

14.1. 

NAMES  AND  ADDRESSES  OF  TECHNICAL  SERVICES 
RESPONSIBLE  FOR  APPROVAL  TESTS  AND  OF 
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS 

The Contracting Parties to the  1958 Agreement applying this Regulation 
shall  communicate  to  the  United  Nations  Secretariat  the  names  and 
addresses  of  the  technical  services  responsible  for  conducting  approval 
tests  and  of  the  administrative  departments  which  grant  approval  and  to 

 
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which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of 
approval, or production definitely discontinued, issued in other countries, 
are to be sent. 

 
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Annex 1 

COMMUNICATION 

(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm) 

1issued by: Name of administration: ....................... 

concerning: 2/  

APPROVAL GRANTED 

APPROVAL EXTENDED 

APPROVAL REFUSED 

APPROVAL WITHDRAWN 

PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED 

of a type of mechanical coupling device or component pursuant to Regulation No. 55 

Approval No .......... Extension No ........... 

1. Trade name or mark of the device or component: 

2. Manufacturer's name for the type of device or component: 

3. Manufacturer's name and address: 

4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's representative: 

5. Alternative supplier's names or trade marks applied to the device or component: 

6. Name and address of company or body taking responsibility for the conformity of 
production: 

7. Submitted for approval on:  

8. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests: 

1 Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/ extended/ refused/ withdrawn approval (see 
approval provisions in the Regulation).  
2 Strike out what does not apply.    

 
 
 
                                                 
 
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9. Brief description: 

9.1. Type and class of device or component: 

9.2. Characteristic values:  

9.2.1. Primary values: 

D.............. kN D
................ kN S............... kg 
c

U...............tonnes V.................. kN 

Alternative values: 

................ kN S................ kg 
D............. kN D
c

U...............tonnes V.................. kN 

9.3.  For  Class  A  mechanical  coupling  devices  or  components,  including  towing 
brackets: 

Vehicle manufacturer's maximum permissible vehicle mass: ...............................kg 

Distribution of maximum permissible vehicle mass between the axles: 

Vehicle manufacturer's maximum permissible towable trailer mass: .....................kg 

Vehicle manufacturer's maximum permissible static  mass on coupling ball: ....kg 

Maximum  mass  of  the  vehicle,  with  bodywork,  in  running  order,  including  coolant, 
oils,  fuel, 
including  driver: 
..................................kg 

tools  and  spare  wheel  (if  supplied)  but  not 

Loading condition under which the tow ball height of a mechanical coupling device 
fitted  to  category  M1  vehicles  is  to  be  measured  -  see  paragraph  2  of  annex  7, 
appendix 1: .......  

10.  Instructions  for  the  attachment  of  the  coupling  device  or  component  type  to  the 
vehicle  and  photographs  or  drawings  of  the  mounting  points  given  by  the  vehicle 
manufacturer: 

11. Information on the fitting of any special reinforcing brackets or plates or spacing 
components  necessary  for  the  attachment  of  the  coupling  device  or  component: 
.............. 

12.  Additional  information  where  the  use  of  the  coupling  device  or  component  is 
see  annex 5,  paragraph  3.4. 
restricted 
................................... 

types  of  vehicles 

special 

to 

- 

13. For Class K hook type couplings, details of the drawbar eyes suitable for use with 
the particular hook type. 

14. Date of test report:  

 
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15. Number of test report:  

16. Approval mark position:  

17. Reason(s) for extension of approval: 

18. Approval granted/extended/refused/withdrawn: 2 

19. Place:  

20. Date:  

21. Signature:  

22.  The  list  of  documents  deposited  with  the  Administration  Service  which  has 
granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on request. 

 
 
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Annex 2 

COMMUNICATION 

(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm) 

1 issued by: Name of administration: ....................... 

 concerning: 2 

APPROVAL GRANTED 

APPROVAL EXTENDED 

APPROVAL REFUSED 

APPROVAL WITHDRAWN 

PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED 

of  a  vehicle  type  with  regard  to  the  fitting  of  a  mechanical  coupling  device  or 
component pursuant to Regulation No. 55. 

Approval No.......... Extension No ............. 

1. Trade name or mark of vehicle:  

2. Vehicle type:  

3. Manufacturer's name and address:  

4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's representative:  

5. Vehicle category, for example, M1, N1:  

6. Maximum permissible vehicle mass: ....kg 

Distribution of maximum permissible vehicle mass between the axles: 

1 Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/ extended/ refused/ withdrawn approval (see 
approval provisions in the Regulation).  

2 Strike out what does not apply.  

 
 
 
                                                 
 
 
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Maximum permissible towable trailer mass: ....kg 

Maximum permissible static mass on coupling ball: ....kg 

Maximum  mass  of  the  vehicle,  with  bodywork,  in  running  order,  including  coolant, 
oils, fuel, tools and spare wheel (if supplied) but not including driver: ...........kg 

7. D.............. kN D
................ kN S............... kg  
c

U...............tonnes V.............. kN 

8.  Instructions  for  the  attachment  of  the  coupling  device  or  component  type  to  the 
vehicle and photographs or drawings of the mounting points: 

9. Information on the fitting of any special reinforcing brackets or plates or spacing 
components necessary for the attachment of the coupling device or component: 

10.  Trade  name  or  mark  of  the  mechanical  coupling  device  or  component  and  the 
approval number: 

11. Class of coupling device or component:  

12. Submitted for approval on:  

13. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests: 

14. Date of test report:  

15. Number of test report:  

16. Approval mark position:  

17. Reason(s) for extension of approval:  

18. Approval granted/extended/refused/withdrawn: A1_S4_F1 2 

19. Place:  

20. Date:  

21. Signature:  

22.  The  list  of  documents  deposited  with  the  Administration  Service  which  has 
granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on request. 

 
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Annex 3 

EXAMPLE OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPROVAL 
MARK 

a = 8 mm minimum 

The mechanical coupling device or component or vehicle bearing the approval mark 
shown  above  is  a  device  or  component  approved  in  the  Netherlands  (E4),  under 
approval number 2439, meeting the requirements of the 01 series of amendments to 
this Regulation. 

Note: The approval number and additional symbols shall be placed close to the circle 
and either above or below the letter 'E', or to the right or left of that letter. The digits 
of the approval number shall be on the same side of the letter 'E' and face in the same 
direction. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to 
prevent any confusion with other symbols. 

 
 
 
 
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Annex 4 

EXAMPLES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF MARKING OF THE 
CHARACTERISTIC VALUES 

1. 

1.1. 

1.2. 

All mechanical coupling devices or components shall be marked with the 
class  of  the  device  or  component.  In  addition  there  shall  be  marking  to 
indicate  the  capacity  in  terms  of  characteristic  values  as  defined  in 
paragraph 2.11. of this Regulation. 

The  height  of  all  letters  and  numbers  shall  be  not  less  than  those  of  the 
approval number, that is a/3 where a is 8 mm. 

The  characteristic  values  applicable  to  each  device  or  component  which 
are to be marked are as shown in the table below - see also paragraph 7.3. 
of this Regulation: 

TABLE  1  -  Relevant  characteristics  values  to  be  marked  on  coupling  devices  or 
components 

Description  of  mechanical  coupling 
device or component 

Relevant characteristic values to be marked 

Class 

D 

D
c

S 

U 

V 

Coupling  balls  and  towing  brackets  -
see annex 5, para. 1 of this Regulation 

Coupling heads 

Drawbar couplings 

Drawbar eyes 

Drawbars 

Drawbeams 

Fifth wheel couplings 

Fifth wheel pins 

Fifth wheel mounting plates 

Hook type couplings 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

 * 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

90  S1000  V35  would  identify  a  non-standard  drawbar 
Examples:  C50-X  D130  D
c

coupling of Class C50-X with a maximum D value of 130 kN, a maximum permitted 

 
 
 
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
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D
  value  of  90  kN,  a  maximum  permitted  static  vertical  imposed    mass  of  1000  kg 
c

and a maximum permitted V value of 35 kN. 

A50-X  D20  S120  would  identify  a  standard  towing  bracket  with  ball  coupling  of 
Class  A50-X  with  a  maximum  D  value  of  20  kN  and  a  maximum  permitted  static 
vertical imposed  mass of 120 kg. 

 
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Annex 5 

REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES 
OR COMPONENTS 

1. 

COUPLING BALLS AND TOWING BRACKETS 

The  requirements  stated  in  paragraphs  1.1.  to  1.5.  of  this  annex  are 
applicable to all coupling balls and towing brackets of Class A. Paragraph 
1.6. details additional requirements which must be fulfilled by standard 50 
mm diameter coupling balls with flange type bolted fixings. 

1.1. 

Coupling balls of Class A shall conform to Figure 2 in external shape and 
external dimensions. 

1/ The connecting radius between the ball and the neck should be tangential both to 
the neck and to the lower horizontal surface of the coupling ball 

 value  of 
2/  See  ISO/R  468  and  ISO  1302,  the  roughness  number  N9  refers  to  an R
a

6.3mm. 

Figure 2 - Coupling ball of Class A 

 
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1.2. 

The shape and dimensions of towing brackets shall meet the requirements 
of  the  vehicle  manufacturer  concerning  the  attachment  points  and 
additional mounting devices or components if necessary. 

1.3. 

Removable coupling balls: 

1.3.1. 

1.3.2. 

1.4. 

1.5. 

In the case of removable coupling balls or components which are not fixed 
by  bolts,  for  example  Class  A50-X,  the  point  of  connection  and  the 
for  positive  mechanical 
locking  arrangement  shall  be  designed 
engagement. 

In  the  case  of  a  removable  coupling  ball  or  component  which  may  be 
separately approved for use with a variety of towing brackets for different 
vehicle applications, for example Class A50-X, the clearance space when 
such a coupling ball is fitted to the towing bracket shall be that prescribed 
in annex 7, Figure 25. 

Coupling balls and towing devices shall be able to satisfy the tests given 
in annex 6, paragraph 3.1. 

Manufacturers  of  towing  brackets  shall  incorporate  attachment  points  to 
which either secondary couplings or devices necessary to enable the trailer 
to  be  stopped  automatically  in  the  event  of  separation  of  the  main 
coupling,  may  be  attached.  This  requirement  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
vehicle to comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.2.2.9. of UN/ECE 
Regulation  No. 13  -  Uniform  Provisions  concerning  the  approval  of 
vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to braking. 

1.5.1. 

The  attachment  points  for  a  secondary  coupling  and/or  breakaway  cable 
shall  be  positioned  such  that  when  in  use,  the  secondary  coupling  or 
breakaway cable does not restrict the normal articulation of the coupling 
or interfere with the normal inertia braking system operation. 

A single attachment point shall be positioned within 100 mm of a vertical 
plane passing through the centre of articulation of the coupling. If this is 
not practicable, two attachment points shall be provided, one on each side 
of  the  vertical  centre  line  and  equidistant  from  the  centre  line  by  a 
maximum of 250 mm. The attachment point(s) shall be as rearward and as 
high as practicable. 

Special  requirements  for  standard  coupling  balls  and  flange  type  towing 
brackets of Classes A50-1 to A50-5 inclusive: 

Dimensions  of  Class  A50-1  coupling  balls  and  flange  type  towing 
brackets shall be as given in Figure 3 and Table 2. 

Dimensions of Class A50-2, A50-3, A50-4 and A50-5 coupling balls and 
flange type towing brackets shall be as given in Figure 4 and Table 2. 

Coupling  balls  and  flange  type  towing  brackets  of  the  classes  A50-1  to 
A50-5 inclusive, shall be suitable and tested for the characteristic values 
given in Table 3. 

1.6. 

1.6.1. 

1.6.2. 

1.6.3. 

 
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Figure 3 - Dimensions of standard flange type ball couplings of Class A50-1 

(see Table 2) 

Figure 4 - Dimensions of standard flange type ball couplings of Class A50-2 to 
A50-5 (see Table 2) 

 
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TABLE 2 -Dimensions of standard flange type ball couplings (mm), see Figures 3 and 
4. 

Class 

A50-1 

A50-2, A50-4  A50-3, A50-5 

Comments 

e
1

e
2

d
2

f 

g 

c 

l 

h 

90 

-- 

17 

130 

50 

15 

55 

70 

83 

56 

10.5 

110 

85 

15 

110 

80 

120 

55 

15 

155 

90 

15 

120 

80 

± 0.5 

± 0.5 

H13 

+ 6.0 -0  

+ 6.0 -0 

maximum 

± 5.0 

± 5.0 

TABLE 3 -Characteristic values for standard flange type ball couplings 

Class 

A50-1 

A50-2 

A50-3 

A50-4 

A50-5 

D 

S 

17 

120 

20 

120 

30 

120 

20 

150 

30 

150 

D = Maximum D value (kN) 

S = Maximum static vertical  mass (kg) 

1.7. 

Manufacturers of coupling balls and towing brackets intended for fitment 
in  the  after-market  and  which  do  not  have  any  association  with  the 
relevant  vehicle  manufacturer  shall  be  aware  of  the  requirements  for 
articulation  of  the  coupling  given  in  paragraph  2  of  this  annex  and  shall 
comply with the appropriate requirements in annex 7 to this Regulation. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

COUPLING HEADS 

Coupling  heads  of  Class  B50  shall  be  designed  so  that  they  can  be  used 
safely with the coupling balls described in paragraph 1 of this annex and 
thereby retain the prescribed characteristics. 

Coupling  heads  shall  be  designed  in  such  a  way  that  safe  coupling  is 
ensured, also taking into account the wear of the coupling devices. 

Coupling  heads  shall  be  able  to  satisfy  the  tests  laid  down  in  annex  6, 
paragraph 3.2. 

Any  additional  device  (e.g.  braking,  stabilizer,  etc.)  shall  not  have  any 
adverse effect on the mechanical connection. 

When not attached to the vehicle, horizontal rotation of the coupling head 
shall be at least 90° to each side of the centre line of the coupling ball and 
mounting  described  in  paragraph 1  of  this  annex.  Simultaneously,  there 
shall  be  an  angle  of  free  vertical  movement  20°  above  and  below  the 
horizontal.  Also,  in  conjunction  with  the  horizontal  angle  of  rotation  of 
90° it shall be possible for there to be 25° of roll in both directions about 
the  horizontal  axis.  The  following  articulation  shall  be  possible  at  all 
angles of horizontal rotation: 

(i) vertical pitch ±15° with axial roll ±25° 

(ii) axial roll ±10° with vertical pitch ±20° 

3. 

DRAWBAR COUPLINGS 

The requirements of paragraphs 3.1. to 3.6. of this annex are applicable to 
all drawbar couplings of Class C50. Additional requirements which must 
be fulfilled by standard drawbar couplings of Classes C50-1 to C50-6 are 
given in paragraph 3.7. 

Performance requirements - All drawbar couplings shall be able to satisfy 
the tests stated in annex 6, paragraph 3.3. 

Suitable drawbar eyes - Class C50 drawbar couplings shall be compatible 
with  all  Class  D50  drawbar  eyes  and  couplings  with  the  specified 
characteristics. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

3.3. 

Jaw 

Class C50 drawbar couplings shall have a jaw which is designed such that 
the appropriate drawbar eye is guided into the coupling. 

If the jaw, or a part supporting the jaw, can pivot about the vertical axis, it 
shall  establish  itself  automatically  in  the  normal  position  and  with  the 
coupling  pin  open,  be  effectively  restrained  in  this  position  to  give 
satisfactory guidance for the drawbar eye during the coupling procedure. 

 
 
 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/79 

If  the  jaw,  or  a  part  supporting  the  jaw,  can  pivot  about  the  horizontal 
transverse  axis,  the  joint  providing  the  rotation  capability  shall  be 
restrained in its normal position by a locking torque. The torque shall be 
sufficient to prevent a force of 200 N acting vertically upwards on the top 
of the jaw producing any deflection of the joint from its normal position. 
The  locking  torque  shall  be  greater  than  that  created  by  operation  of  the 
hand lever described in paragraph 3.6 of this annex. It shall be possible to 
bring the jaw to its normal position manually. A jaw that pivots about the 
horizontal transverse axis is only approved for  bearing mass, S, of up to 
50 kg and a V-value of up to 5 kN. 

If the jaw, or a part supporting the jaw, is pivoted about the longitudinal 
axis,  the  rotation  shall  be  restrained  by  a  locking  torque  of  at  least 
100 Nm. 

The  minimum  required  size  of  the  jaw  depends  on  the  D  value  of  the 
coupling: 

D value ≤ 18 kN - width 150 mm, height 100 mm 

D value > 18 kN ≤ 25 kN - width 280 mm, height 170 mm 

D value > 25 kN - width 360 mm, height 200 mm 

The external corners of the jaw may be radiused. 

Smaller jaws are permitted for Class C50-X drawbar couplings if their use 
is restricted to centre axle trailers up to 3.5 tonnes maximum permissible 
mass  or  if  the  use  of  a  jaw  from  the  above  table  is  impossible  due  to 
technical reasons and if, furthermore, there are special circumstances such 
as  visual  aids  for  ensuring  safe  execution  of  the  automatic  coupling 
procedure  and  if  the  field  of  application  is  restricted  in  the  approval 
according  to  information  given  by  the  coupling  manufacturer  in  the 
Communication form shown in annex 1. 

3.4. 

Minimum articulation of the coupled drawbar eye 

The drawbar eye, when coupled to a drawbar coupling but not fitted to a 
vehicle, shall have the degrees of articulation given below. If part of the 
articulation is provided by a special joint (Class C50-X drawbar couplings 
only), the field of application, given in the communication form shown in 
annex 1, shall be restricted to the cases stated in annex 7, paragraph 1.3.8. 

3.4.1. 

± 90° horizontally about the vertical axis from the longitudinal axis of the 
vehicle - see Figure 5. 

 
 
 
 
 
L 373/80 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle 

Figure 5 - Horizontal rotation of the coupled drawbar eye 

3.4.2. 

± 20° vertically about the transverse axis from the horizontal plane of the 
vehicle - see Figure 6. 

Horizontal plane

Figure 6 - Vertical rotation of the coupled drawbar eye 

3.4.3. 

± 25° axial rotation about the longitudinal axis from the horizontal plane 
of the vehicle - see Figure 7. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/81 

Horizontal plane 

Figure 7 - Axial rotation of the coupled drawbar eye 

3.5. 

Locking to prevent inadvertent uncoupling: 

In  the  closed  position  the  coupling  pin  shall  be  locked  by  two  positive 
mechanical  engagement  locking  devices  each  of  which  shall  remain 
effective should the other fail. 

The closed and locked position of the coupling shall be clearly indicated 
externally  by  a  mechanical  device.  It  shall  be  possible  to  verify  the 
position of the indicator by feel, for example, in the dark. 

The  mechanical  indication  device  shall  indicate  the  engagement  of  both 
locking devices (an AND condition). 

However, it is sufficient for the engagement of only one locking device to 
be indicated if, in this situation, engagement of the second locking device 
is an inherent feature of the design. 

3.6. 

Hand levers 

Hand levers shall be of a design suitable for easy use with the end rounded 
off.  The  coupling  shall  not  have  any  sharp  edges  or  points  of  possible 
pinching near the hand lever which could result in injury during operation 
of  the  coupling.  The  force  needed  to  release  the  coupling,  measured 
without the drawbar eye, shall not exceed 250 N perpendicular to the hand 
lever along the line of operation. 

3.7. 

3.7.1. 

Special  requirements  for  standard  drawbar  couplings  of  Class C50-1  to  
C50-6: 

The swivel motion of the drawbar eye about the transverse axis must be 
achieved  through  the  spherical  shape  of  the  coupling  pin  (and  not  by 
means of a joint); 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
L 373/82 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

3.7.2. 

Tensile and compressive shock loads along the longitudinal axis due to the 
clearance  between  the  coupling  pin  and  the  drawbar  eye  shall  be 
attenuated by spring and/or damping devices (except C50-1). 

3.7.3. 

The dimensions shall be as given in Figure 8 and Table 4. 

3.7.4. 

3.7.5. 

The  couplings  shall  be  suitable  and  tested  for  the  characteristic  values 
given in Table 5. 

The coupling shall be opened by means of a hand lever at the coupling (no 
remote control). 

Figure 8 - Dimensions of standard drawbar couplings (mm), see Table 4 

 
 
 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/83 

TABLE 4 - Dimensions of standard drawbar couplings (mm), see Figure 8 

Class 

C50-1 

C50-2 

C50-3 

C50-4 

C50-5 

C50-6 
C50-7 

Remarks 

e
1

e
2

d
1

d
2

F 

G 

A 

B 

C 

H 

l

1

l

2

l

3

T 

83 

56 

-- 

83 

56 

54 

10.5 

10.5 

110 

85 

100 

150 

20 

150 

-- 

150 

100 

-- 

110 

85 

170 

280 

20 

190 

150 

300 

160 

15 

120 

140 

55 

74 

15 

155 

90 

200 

360 

24 

265 

250 

330 

180 

20 

80 

84 

17 

180 

120 

200 

360 

30 

265 

300 

330 

180 

35 

160 

100 

94 

21 

200 

140 

200 

360 

30 

265 

300 

330 

180 

35 

160 

100 

94 

21 

200 

140 

200 

360 

30 

265 

300 

330 

180 

35 

±0.5 

±0.5 

maximum

H13 

+6.0 -0 

±3.0 

+20.0 -0 

+20.0 -0 

maximum

maximum

maximum

maximum

±20.0 

maximum

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
L 373/84 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

TABLE 5 - Characteristic values for standard drawbar couplings 

Class 

C50-1 

C50-2 

C50-3 

C50-4 

C50-5 

C50-6 

C50-7 

D 

D
c

S 

V 

4. 

4.1. 

18 

18 

200 

12 

25 

25 

250 

10 

70 

50 

650 

18 

100 

70 

900 

25 

130 

90 

190 

120 

190 

130 

1000 

1000 

1000 

35 

50 

75 

D = maximum D value (kN) 

 = maximum D value (kN) for centre axle trailer applications 
D
c

S = maximum static vertical load on coupling (kg) 

V = maximum V value (kN) 

DRAWBAR EYES 

General requirements for drawbar eyes of Class D50: 

All  drawbar  eyes  of  Class  D50  shall  be  able  to  satisfy  the  test  stated  in 
annex 6, paragraph 3.4. 

Class D50 drawbar eyes are intended for use with C50 drawbar couplings. 
Drawbar  eyes  shall  not  be  able  to  rotate  axially  (because  the  respective 
couplings can rotate). 

If Class D50 drawbar eyes are fitted with sleeves, they shall comply with 
the  dimensions  shown  in  Figure  9  (not  permitted  for  Class  D50-C)  or 
Figure 10. 

The sleeves must not be welded into the drawbar eyes. 

Class D50 drawbar eyes shall have the dimensions given in paragraph 4.2. 
The form of shank for drawbar eyes of Class D50-X is not specified. but 
for a distance of 210 mm from the centre of the eye the height "h" and the 
width "b" shall be within the limits given in Table 6. 

 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/85 

Figure 9 - Slotted sleeve for Class D50 drawbar eyes 

Figure 10 - Non-slotted sleeve for Class D50-C drawbar eyes 

 
L 373/86 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

TABLE 6 - Dimensions for drawbar eyes D50-A and D50-X, 

see Figure 11 

Class 

h (mm) 

b (mm) 

D50-A 

D50-X 

65 +2/-1 

60 +2/-1 

80 maximum 

62 maximum 

TABLE 7 - Characteristic values for standard drawbar eyes 

Class 

D 

D
c

S 

V 

D50-A 

D50-B 

D50-C 

D50-D 

130 

130 

190 

190 

90 

90 

120 

130 

1 000 

1 000 

1 000 

1000 

30 

25 

50 

75 

4.2. 

Special requirements for Class D50 drawbar eyes: 

4.2.1. 

Class  D50-A  and  D50-X  drawbar  eyes  shall  have  the  dimensions 
illustrated in Figure 11. 

 
 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/87 

Section A-A (shown without sleeve) 

Sphere 

Figure 11 - Dimensions of Classes D50-A and D50-X drawbar eyes, see Table 6 

4.2.2. 
12. 

Class D50-B drawbar eyes shall have the dimensions illustrated in Figure 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
L 373/88 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

DRAWBAR EYE 

Front part of drawbar 

between plates 

Figure 12 - Dimensions of Class D50-B drawbar eyes, see other dimensions in 
Figure 11 

4.2.3. 

Classes  D50-C  and  D50-D  drawbar  eyes  shall  have  the  dimensions 
illustrated in Figure 13. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/89 

SECTION AA

1/ For Class D50-D drawbar eyes this dimension shall be "80 max." 

Figure 13 - Dimensions of Classes D50-C and D50-D drawbar eyes, see other 
dimensions in Figure 11 

4.2.4. 

Classes  D50-C  and  D50-D  drawbar  eyes  shall  be  fitted  with  non  slotted 
sleeves shown in Figure 10. 

4.3. 

Load values for standard drawbar eyes 

Standard drawbar eyes and the means of attachment shall be suitable for, 
and tested for, the load values stated in Table 7. 

4.4. 

General requirements for Class L toroidal drawbar eyes: 

4.4.1. 

Class L toroidal drawbar eyes are intended for use with Class K hook type 
couplings 

 
 
 
L 373/90 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

4.4.2. 

4.4.3. 

When  used  with  a  Class  K  hook  type  coupling  they  shall  meet  the 
requirements for articulation given in paragraph 10.2 of this annex. 

Class L toroidal drawbar eyes shall have the dimensions given in Figure 
14 and Table 8 

Figure 14 - Dimensions of Class L toroidal drawbar eyes - see Table 8 

4.4.4. 

Class  L  toroidal  drawbar  eyes  shall  satisfy  the  tests  given  in  annex  6, 
paragraph  3.4  and  shall  be  suitable  for  the  characteristic  values  given  in 
Table 9. 

TABLE 8 - Dimensions of Class L toroidal drawbar eyes - see Figure 14 (Dimensions 
in mm) 

Class 

L1 

L2 

L3 

L4 

L5 

Remarks 

a 

68+1.6/-0.0  76.2±0.8 

76.2±0.8 

76.2±0.8 

68+1.6/-0.0 

 
 
 
 
  
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/91 

b 

c 

41.2±0.8 

41.2±0.8 

41.2±0.8 

41.2±0.8 

41.2±0.8 

70 

65 

65 

65 

70 

Min 

TABLE 9 - Characteristic values for Class L toroidal drawbar eyes 

Class 

L1 

L2 

L3 

L4 

L5 

D kN 

 kN 
D
c

30 

27 

S kg 

200 

V kN 

12 

70 

54 

700 

18 

100 

70 

950 

25 

130 

90 

180 

120 

1000 

1000 

35 

50 

5. 

5.1. 

5.2. 

DRAWBARS 

Drawbars  of  class  E  shall  satisfy  the  tests  prescribed  in  annex 6, 
paragraph 3.3. 

In order to provide a connection to the towing vehicle, the drawbars can 
be fitted either with coupling heads as in paragraph 2 or drawbar eyes as 
in paragraph 4 of this annex. The coupling heads and drawbar eyes can be 
attached by screwing, bolting or welding. 

5.3. 

Height adjusting devices for hinged drawbars 

5.3.1. 

5.3.2. 

5.3.3. 

5.3.4. 

5.4. 

Hinged drawbars shall be fitted with devices for adjusting the drawbar to 
the height of the coupling device or jaw. These devices shall be designed 
so  that  the  drawbar  can  be  adjusted  by  one  person  without  tools  or  any 
other aids. 

Height  adjusting  devices  shall  be able  to  adjust  the  drawbar  eyes  or  ball 
couplings from the horizontal above the ground at least 300 mm upwards 
and  downwards.  Within  this  range  the  drawbar  shall  be  adjustable 
steplessly, or in maximum steps of 50 mm measured at the drawbar eye or 
ball coupling. 

Height adjusting devices shall not interfere with the easy movement of the 
drawbar after coupling. 

The  height  adjusting  devices  shall  not  interfere  with  the  action  of  any 
inertia, overrun type, brake. 

In  the  case  of  drawbars  combined  with  inertia,  overrun,  brakes,  the 
distance  between  the  centre  of  the  drawbar  eye  and  the  end  of  the  free 
shank  of  the  drawbar  eye  shall  not  be  less  than  200 mm  in  the  brake 

 
  
 
 
L 373/92 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

application position. With the shank of the drawbar eye fully inserted the 
distance shall not be less than 150 mm. 

5.5. 

Drawbars  for  use  on  centre  axle  trailers  shall  possess  at  least  half  the 
moment of resistance against lateral forces as against vertical forces. 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/93 

6. 

6.1. 

6.2. 

6.3. 

DRAWBEAMS 

Drawbeams  of  Class  F  shall  satisfy  the  tests  prescribed  in  annex 6,  
paragraph 3.3 

The drilling pattern for mounting of Class C standard drawbar couplings 
shall be in accordance with Figure 15 and Table 10 below. 

Drawbeams shall not be welded to the chassis, bodywork or other part of 
the vehicle. 

Figure 15 - Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings (see Table 10) 

 
 
L 373/94 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

TABLE 10 - Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings (mm) - see Figure 
15 

Class 

C50-1 

C50-2 

C50-3 

C50-4 

C50-5  C50-6C50-7  Remarks 

e
1

e
2

d
1

d
2

T 

F 

G 

L
1

83 

56 

- 

83 

56 

55 

10.5 

10.5 

- 

120 

95 

- 

15 

120 

95 

200 

120 

140 

55 

75 

15 

20 

165 

100 

300 

80 

85 

17 

35 

190 

130 

400 

160 

100 

95 

21 

35 

210 

150 

400 

160 

100 

95 

21 

35 

210 

150 

400 

±0.5 

±0.5 

+1.0/-0.5 

H13 

maximum

minimum

minimum

minimum

7. 

FIFTH WHEEL COUPLINGS AND STEERING WEDGES 

The requirements of paragraphs 7.1 to 7.7 are applicable to all fifth wheel 
couplings of Class G50. 

Additional  requirements  which  shall  be  fulfilled  by  standard  coupling 
devices are given in paragraph 7.9. 

Steering wedges shall satisfy the requirements listed in paragraph 7.8. 

7.1. 

Suitable fifth wheel coupling pins 

Class G50 fifth wheel couplings shall be designed so that they can be used 
with  Class  H50  coupling  pins  and,  together,  provide  the  specified 
characteristics. 

7.2. 

Guides 

Fifth wheel couplings shall be equipped with a guide which ensures safe 
and correct engagement of the coupling pin. The entry width of the guide 
for  standard  50  mm  diameter  fifth  wheel  couplings  shall  be  at  least  350 
mm (see Figure 16). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/95 

For small, non-standard, fifth wheel couplings of Class G50-X and having 
a maximum "D" value of 25 kN, the entry width shall be at least 250 mm. 

Section A-A
Enlarged view of coupling pin

bevelled edge

Guide for the steering edge

 
L 373/96 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Notes 

1/  To  provide  for  the  use  of  steering  wedges,  measure  the  reference  dimension  k  = 
137  ±3  mm  at  32  mm  below  the  top  surface  and  at  a  distance  of  200  mm  from  the 
transverse centre line of the coupling. 

2/  The  40°  +1°/-0°  throat  angle  must  be  maintained  over  a  distance  of  360 mm 
minimum from the transverse centre line of the coupling. The entry width of 350 mm 
minimum may be obtained outside this distance by increasing the entry angle up to an 
included angle of 120° maximum as shown in dotted line. 

3/ Elongated mounting holes 23 ± 2 mm x 17 +2/-0 mm 

or round mounting holes Dia. 17 +2/-0 mm could be used. 

4/ When using elongated holes or holes > 18 mm diameter, washers 40 mm diameter, 
6 mm thick, or means of equal strength, e.g. flat steel plate, are to be used. 

Figure 16 - Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings (see Table 11) 

Longitudinal axis of the vehicle

Coupling pin

Figure 16a - Mounting holes tolerances for class J mounting plates for fifth wheel 
couplings (see para. 9.1. of this annex) 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/97 

TABLE 11 - Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings (mm), see Figure 16 

Class 

G50-1 

G50-2 

G50-3 

G50-4 

G50-5 

G50-6 

H 

140-159 

160-179 

180-199 

200-219 

220-239 

240-260 

7.3. 

Minimum articulation of the fifth wheel coupling 

With  the  coupling  pin  engaged,  without  the  fifth  wheel  coupling  being 
attached to a vehicle or mounting plate, but taking into account the effect 
of  the  mounting  bolts,  the  coupling  shall  permit,  simultaneously,  the 
following minimum values of articulation of the coupling pin: 

±90° about the vertical axis (not applicable to fifth wheel couplings with 
positive steering); 

±12°  about  the  horizontal  axis  transverse  to  the  direction  of  travel.  This 
angle does not necessarily cover off-road use. 

Axial  rotation  about  the  longitudinal  axis  of  up  to  ±3°  is  permitted. 
However,  on  a  fully  oscillating  fifth  wheel  coupling,  this  angle  may  be 
exceeded, providing that the locking mechanism enables the restriction of 
the rotation to ±3° maximum. 

7.3.1. 

7.3.2. 

7.3.3. 

7.4. 

Locking devices to prevent uncoupling of fifth wheel couplings 

The  fifth  wheel  coupling  shall  be  locked  in  the  coupled  position  by  two 
positive mechanical locking devices each of which shall remain effective 
should the other fail. 

The primary locking device shall operate automatically but the secondary 
locking  device  may  either  be  automatic  or  be  engaged  manually.  The 
secondary  locking  device  may  be  designed  to  work  in  conjunction  with 
the primary device and provide an additional positive mechanical lock for 
the  primary  device.  It  shall  only  be  possible  to  engage  the  secondary 
locking device if the primary device is properly engaged. 

It shall not be possible for the locking devices to be released inadvertently. 
Release  shall  require  intentional  action  by  the  driver  or  operator  of  the 
vehicle. 

The closed and locked position of the coupling shall be indicated visually 
by a mechanical device and it shall be possible to verify the position of the 
indicator by feel, for example, to allow the position to be checked during 
darkness.  The  indication  device  shall  indicate  the  engagement  of  both 
primary  and  secondary  locking  devices,  however,  it  is  sufficient  for  the 
engagement  of  only  one  device  to  be  indicated  if,  in  this  case,  the 
engagement of the other device is a simultaneous and inherent feature of 
the design. 

 
 
L 373/98 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

7.5. 

Operating devices or release mechanisms 

In  the  closed  position  the  operating  devices  or  release  mechanisms  shall 
be  prevented  from  being  operated  inadvertently  or  accidentally.  The 
locking  system  shall  be  such  as  to  require  positive,  conscious  action  to 
release the locking device in order to operate coupling release mechanism. 

7.6. 

Surface finish 

The surfaces of the coupling plate and coupling lock shall be functionally 
satisfactory and be carefully machined, forged, cast or pressed. 

7.7. 

Load requirements 

All  fifth  wheel  couplings  shall  be  able  to  satisfy  the  tests  described  in 
annex 6, paragraph 3.7. 

7.8. 

Steering wedges 

7.8.1. 

The dimensions of steering wedges for the positive steering of semitrailers 
shall be as in Figure 17. 

 
27.12.2006 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/99 

Notes: 

1/ Only applicable to steering wedges over 60 mm thick. 

2/ This dimension only refers to the functional surface: the steering wedge itself can 
be longer. 

Figure 17 - Dimensions of spring-mounted steering wedges 

7.8.2. 

The  steering  wedge  shall  allow  safe  and  correct  coupling  and  shall  be 
spring-mounted.  The  strength  of  the  spring  shall  be  selected  so  that  it  is 
possible to couple an unloaded semitrailer and so that, with the semitrailer 
fully loaded the steering wedge is firmly in contact with the flanks of the 
coupling during use. Uncoupling of the fifth wheel shall be possible with 
the semitrailer both loaded and unloaded. 

7.9. 

Special requirements for standard fifth wheel couplings: 

7.9.1. 

the dimensions shall be as shown in Figure 16 and Table 11. 

7.9.2. 

they  shall  be  suitable  for,  and  tested  for,  a  D  value  of  150  kN  and  a  U 
value of 20 tonnes. 

7.9.3. 

release shall be possible by a hand lever mounted directly on the coupling. 

7.9.4. 

they shall be suitable for the positive steering of semitrailers by means of 
steering wedges - see paragraph 7.8. 

8. 

8.1. 

FIFTH WHEEL COUPLING PINS 

Fifth  wheel  coupling  pins  of  Class  H50  (ISO  337)  shall  have  the 
dimensions shown in Figure 18 

 
 
 
 
 
L 373/100 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

35 

Figure 18 - Dimensions of Class H50 fifth wheel coupling pins 

8.2. 

The coupling pins shall be able to satisfy the tests described in annex 6, 
paragraph 3.9. 

 
 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/101 

9. 

9.1. 

9.2. 

9.3. 

MOUNTING PLATES 

Class  J  mounting  plates  for  fifth  wheel  couplings  shall  have  circular 
mounting holes positioned as shown in Figure 16a if they are intended for 
standard fifth wheel couplings. However, the mounting holes shall be 17 
mm +2.0 mm/ -0.0 mm diameter. The holes shall be circular, NOT slotted 
(see Figure 16a). 

Mounting plates for standard fifth wheel couplings shall be suitable for the 
positive  steering  of  semitrailers  (with  steering  wedges).  Mounting  plates 
for  non-standard  fifth  wheel  couplings  which  are  unsuitable  for  positive 
steering shall be marked appropriately. 

Mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings shall be able to satisfy the tests 
described in annex 6, paragraph 3.8. 

10. 

HOOK TYPE COUPLINGS 

10.1. 

General requirements for Class K hook type couplings: 

10.1.1. 

10.1.2. 

All Class K hook type couplings shall satisfy the tests given in annex 6, 
paragraph  3.5  and  shall  be  suitable  for  the  characteristic  values  given  in 
Table 13 

Class K hook type couplings shall have the dimensions given in Figure 19 
and Table 12. Class K1 to K4 are non-automatic couplings for use only on 
trailers  not  exceeding  3.5  tonnes  maximum  permissible  mass  and  Class 
KA1 to KA3 are automatic couplings. 

 
 
L 373/102 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Figure 19 - Dimensions and articulation of Class K hook type couplings 

10.1.3. 

10.1.4. 

A hook type coupling shall only be used with a toroidal drawbar eye and 
when used with a Class L toroidal drawbar eye the Class K coupling shall 
have the degrees of articulation given in paragraph 10.2 of this annex. 

A Class K hook type coupling shall be used with a toroidal eye giving a 
minimum  clearance,  or  free  movement,  of  3  mm  and  a  maximum 
clearance of 5 mm when new. Suitable drawbar eyes shall be declared by 
the coupling manufacturer on the Communication form shown in annex 1. 

10.2. 

A Class K coupling when used with a Class L toroidal eye, but not fitted 
to  a  vehicle,  shall  have  the  following  non-simultaneous  angles  of 
articulation - see also Figure 19: 

10.2.1. 

±90° horizontally about the vertical axis of the coupling; 

10.2.2. 

±40° vertically about the horizontal transverse axis of the coupling; 

10.2.3. 

±20°  axial  rotation  about  the  horizontal  longitudinal  center  line  of  the 
coupling. 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/103 

10.3. 

Automatic  Class  K  hook  type  couplings  shall  have  a  jaw  designed  such 
that the drawbar eye is guided into the coupling. 

10.4. 

Locking to prevent inadvertent uncoupling: 

In  the  closed  position  the  coupling  shall  be  locked  by  two  positive 
mechanical  engagement  locking  devices  each  of  which  shall  remain 
effective should the other fail. 

The closed and locked position of the coupling shall be clearly indicated 
externally  by  a  mechanical  device.  It  shall  be  possible  to  verify  the 
position of the indicator by feel, for example, in the dark. 

The  mechanical  indication  device  shall  indicate  the  engagement  of  both 
locking devices (an AND condition). 

However, it is sufficient for the engagement of only one locking device to 
be indicated if, in this situation, engagement of the second locking device 
is an inherent feature of the design. 

10.5. 

Hand levers 

Hand levers shall be of a design suitable for easy use with the end rounded 
off.  The  coupling  shall  not  have  any  sharp  edges  or  points  of  possible 
pinching near the hand lever which could result in injury during operation 
of  the  coupling.  The  force  needed  to  release  the  coupling,  measured 
without the drawbar eye, shall not exceed 250 N perpendicular to the hand 
lever along the line of operation. 

 
L 373/104 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

TABLE 12 - Dimensions for Class K hook type couplings - see Figure 19 

Class 

K1 

K2 

K3 

K4 

KA1  KA2  KA3  Remarks 

e

1

e

2

e

3

d
2

c 

f 

g 

a 

L
1

L
2

L
3

- 

- 

90 

17 

3 

83 

56 

- 

83 

56 

- 

120 

120 

140 

160 

±0.5 

55 

55 

80 

100 

±0.5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

±0.5 

10.5 

10.5 

15 

15 

17 

21 

H13 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Min 

130 

175 

175 

180 

180 

200 

200 

Max 

100 

100 

100 

120 

120 

140 

200 

Max 

45 

45 

45 

45 

45 

45 

45 

+1.6/-0.0 

120 

120 

120 

120 

250 

300 

300 

Max 

74 

74 

63 

74 

90 

90 

90 

Max 

110 

130 

130 

150 

150 

200 

200 

Max 

TABLE 13 - Characteristic values for Class K hook type couplings 

Class 

K1 

K2 

K3 

K4 

KA1  KA2  KA3 

D kN 

17 

 kN 
D
c

- 

20 

- 

20 

17 

25 

20 

70 

54 

100 

130 

70 

90 

S kg 

120 

120 

200 

250 

700 

900 

1000 

V kN 

- 

- 

10 

10 

18 

25 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.12.2006 

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L 373/105 

11. 

11.1. 

11.2. 

11.3. 

DEDICATED DRAWBAR TYPE COUPLINGS - CLASS T 

Class T dedicated drawbar type couplings are intended for use on specific 
vehicle  combinations,  for  example,  car  transporters.  These  vehicles  have 
special  structures  and  may  need  particular  and  unusual  location  of  the 
coupling. 

Class  T  couplings  shall  be  restricted  to  use  with  centre  axle  trailers  and 
this  restriction  shall  be  notified  on  the  Communication  form  shown  in 
annex 1. 

Class T couplings shall be approved as a matched pair and it shall not be 
possible  to  separate  the  coupling  other  than  in  a  workshop  using  tools 
which are not normally carried on the vehicle. 

11.4. 

Class T couplings shall not be automatic in operation. 

11.5. 

11.6. 

Class  T  couplings  shall  satisfy  the  relevant  test  requirements  given  in 
annex 6, paragraph 3.3., except paragraph 3.3.4. 

The following minimum and simultaneous angles of articulation shall be 
possible with the coupling not fitted to a vehicle but assembled, and in the 
same normal position as when fitted to a vehicle; 

11.6.1. 

±90° horizontally about the vertical axis; 

11.6.2. 

±8° vertically about the horizontal transverse axis; 

11.6.3. 

±3° axial rotation about the horizontal longitudinal axis. 

12. 

DEVICES  FOR  REMOTE  INDICATION  AND  REMOTE 
CONTROL 

12.1. 

General requirements 

Devices  for  remote  indication  and  remote  control  are  permitted  only  on 
automatic coupling devices of Classes C50-X and G50-X. 

Devices for remote indication and remote control shall not interfere with 
the  minimum  free  movement  of  the  coupled  drawbar  eye  or  coupled 
semitrailer. They shall be permanently fitted to the vehicle. 

All  the  devices  for  remote  indication  or  remote  control  fall  within  the 
scope of testing and approval of the coupling device together with all parts 
of the operating devices and transmission devices. 

12.2. 

Remote indication 

12.2.1. 

For  an  automatic  coupling  procedure,  remote  indication  devices  shall 
indicate  the  closed  and  doubly  locked  position  of  the  coupling  in  an 

 
 
L 373/106 

EN 

Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

optical  manner  according  to  paragraph  12.2.2.  Additionally  the  open 
position may be indicated as in paragraph 12.2.3. 

The  remote  indication  device  shall  be  automatically  activated  and  reset 
during every opening and closing of the coupling. 

The change from the open to the closed and doubly locked position shall 
be indicated by a green optical signal. 

If the open and/or unlocked position is indicated, a red optical signal shall 
be used. 

In  the  case  of  indicating  the  completion  of  the  automatic  coupling 
procedure,  the  remote  indicator  shall  ensure  that  the  coupling  pin  has 
reached the doubly locked end position. 

The  appearance  of  any  fault  in  the  remote  indication  system  shall  not 
indicate a closed and locked position during the coupling procedure if the 
end position has not been reached. 

The  disengagement  of  one  of  the  two  locking  devices  shall  cause  the 
green  optical  signal  to  extinguish  and  the  red  optical  signal  (if  fitted)  to 
show. 

The  mechanical  indicators  fitted  directly  to  the  coupling  device  shall  be 
retained. 

In order to avoid distracting the driver during normal driving, there shall 
be a provision for switching off the remote indication device but this shall 
be automatically reactivated when the coupling is next opened and closed 
- see paragraph 12.2.1. 

12.2.2. 

12.2.3. 

12.2.4. 

12.2.5. 

12.2.6. 

12.2.7. 

12.2.8. 

12.2.9. 

The  operating  controls  and  indicators  of  the  remote  indication  devices 
shall  be  mounted  within  the  driver's  field  of  vision  and  be  permanently 
and clearly identified. 

12.3. 

Remote control 

12.3.1. 

12.3.2. 

If a remote control device, as defined in paragraph 2.8 of this Regulation, 
is employed, there shall also be a remote indication device as described in 
paragraph  12.2  which  shall  at  least  indicate  the  open  condition  of  the 
coupling. 

There  shall  be  a  dedicated  switch  (i.  e.  master  switch,  lever  or  valve)  to 
enable the coupling to be opened or closed by means of the remote control 
device. If this master switch is not located in the driving cab it shall not be 
in  a  position  where  it  is  freely  accessible  to  unauthorized  persons  or  it 
shall  be  lockable.  The  actual  operation  of  the  coupling  from  the  driving 
cab may only be possible when inadvertent operation has been precluded, 
for example by an operation requiring the use of two hands. 

It  shall  be  possible  to  ascertain  whether  opening  of  the  coupling  under 
remote control has been completed or not. 

 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/107 

12.3.3. 

12.3.4. 

12.3.5. 

12.3.6. 

If  remote  control  involves  the  coupling  being  opened  by  external  force, 
the condition under which the external force acts on the coupling shall be 
indicated appropriately to the driver. This is not necessary if the external 
force is only operative while the remote control is operating. 

If  the  actuating  device  for  opening  the  coupling  under  remote  control  is 
mounted externally on the vehicle it shall be possible to oversee the area 
between  the  coupled  vehicles,  but  it  shall  not  be  necessary,  however,  to 
enter this area in order to operate it. 

Any single error in operation or the occurrence of any single fault in the 
system  shall  not  result  in  accidental  opening  of  the  coupling  during 
normal road use. Any faults in the system shall be indicated directly or be 
immediately obvious at the next operation e.g. by a malfunction. 

In  the  event  of  a  failure  of  the  remote  control  it  shall  be  possible,  in  an 
emergency, to open the coupling in at least one other way. If this requires 
the  use  of  a  tool  then  this  shall  be  included  in  vehicle's  tool  kit.  The 
requirements  of  paragraph  3.6  of  this  annex  are  not  applicable  to  hand 
levers used exclusively for opening the coupling in an emergency. 

12.3.7. 

The operating controls and indicators for the remote control devices shall 
be permanently and clearly identified. 

 
 
L 373/108 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Annex 6 

TESTING OF MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES OR 
COMPONENTS 

1. 

1.1. 

1.2. 

1.3. 

1.4. 

1.5. 

GENERAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS 

Samples of coupling devices shall be tested for both strength and function. 
Physical  testing  shall  be  carried  out  wherever  possible  but  unless  stated 
otherwise  the  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  may  waive  a 
physical  strength  test  if  the  simple  design  of  a  component  makes  a 
theoretical  check  possible.  Theoretical  checks  may  be  carried  out  to 
determine  worst  case  conditions.  In  all  cases,  theoretical  checks  shall 
ensure  the  same  quality  of  results  as  with  dynamic  or  static  testing.  In 
cases of doubt it is the results of physical testing that are overriding. 

See also paragraph 4.8 of this Regulation. 

With  coupling  devices  the  strength  shall  be  verified  by  a  dynamic  test 
(endurance test). In certain cases additional static tests may be necessary 
(see paragraph 3 of this annex). 

The  dynamic  test  shall  be  performed  with  approximately  sinusoidal  load 
(alternating and/or pulsating) with a number of stress cycles appropriate to 
the material. No cracks or fractures shall occur. 

Only  slight  permanent  deformation  is  permitted  with  the  static  tests 
prescribed.  Unless  stated  otherwise  the  permanent,  plastic,  deformation 
after  releasing  shall  not  be  more  than  10 per cent  of  the  maximum 
deformation measured during the test. In the case where measurement of 
deformation  during  the  test  puts  the  tester  at  risk  then,  provided  that  the 
same  parameter  is  checked  during  other  tests,  such  as  the  dynamic  test, 
then this part of the static test may be omitted. 

The loading assumptions in the dynamic tests are based on the horizontal 
force  component  in  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  vehicle  and  the  vertical 
force  component.  Horizontal  force  components 
the 
longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and moments, are not taken into account 
provided they are of only minor significance. 

transverse 

to 

If the design of the coupling device or its attachment to the vehicle or the 
attachment  of  additional  systems  (such  as  stabilizers,  close  coupling 
devices, etc.) generate additional forces or moments, additional tests may 
be required by the type approval authority or technical service. 

The horizontal force component in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is 
represented  by  a  theoretically  determined  reference  force,  the  D  or  D

c
value. The vertical force component, where applicable, is represented by 
the static vertical bearing load, S, at the point of coupling and the assumed 
vertical  load,  V,  or  by  the  static  vertical  bearing  load,  U,  in  the  case  of 
fifth wheel couplings. 

 
 
 
27.12.2006 

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L 373/109 

1.6. 

1.7. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

2.5. 

2.6. 

The characteristic values D, D
, S, V and U, on which the tests are based 
c

and which are defined in paragraph 2.11. of this Regulation, shall be taken 
from  the  manufacturer's  information  given  in  the  application  for  type 
approval - see communication form shown in annexes 1 and 2. 

Any positive locking device, which is retained in position by spring force, 
shall  remain  in  its  secured  position  when  subjected  to  a  force  applied  in 
the least favourable direction and equivalent to three times the mass of the 
locking mechanism. 

TEST PROCEDURES 

For  the  dynamic  tests  and  static  tests,  the  sample  shall  be  placed  in  a 
suitable rig with a means of force application, such that it is not subjected 
to any additional forces or moments apart from the specified test force. In 
the  case  of  alternating  tests,  the  direction  of  force  application  shall  not 
deviate  by  more  than  ±1°  from  the  specified  direction.  In  the  case  of 
pulsating  and  static  tests,  the  angle  shall  be  set  for  the  maximum  test 
force. This will normally require a joint at the point of force application 
(i.e. the point of coupling) and a second joint an adequate distance away. 

The test frequency shall not exceed 35 Hz. The selected frequency shall be 
well separated from resonance frequencies of the test set up including the 
tested device. With asynchronous testing the frequencies of the two force 
components shall be between approximately 1 per cent and a maximum of 
3 per  cent  apart.  For  coupling  devices  made  from  steel  the  number  of 
stress cycles is 2 x 106. For devices made from materials other than steel a 
higher number of cycles may be necessary. The dye-penetration method of 
crack  testing  or  an  equivalent  method  shall  be  used  to  determine  any 
cracking during test. 

With pulsating tests, the test force varies between the maximum test force 
and  a  lower,  minimum,  test  force,  which  may  not  be  greater  than  5 per 
cent  of  the  maximum  test  force  unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  specific 
testing procedure. 

With static tests, other than the special tests required by paragraph 3.2.3 of 
this  annex,  the  test  force  shall  be  applied  smoothly  and  quickly  and  be 
maintained for at least 60 seconds. 

The coupling devices or component on test should normally be mounted 
as rigidly as possible on a test rig in the actual position in which they will 
be used on the vehicle. The fixing devices should be those specified by the 
manufacturer or applicant and should be those intended for the attachment 
of  the  coupling  device  or  component  to  the  vehicle  and/or  shall  have 
identical mechanical characteristics. 

Coupling  devices  or  components  shall  be  tested  in  the  form  used  on  the 
road.  However,  at  the  discretion  of  the  manufacturer,  and  in  agreement 
with the technical service, flexible components may be neutralized if this 

 
L 373/110 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

is necessary for the test procedure and if this will not have any unrealistic 
influence on the test result. 

Flexible  components  which  are  overheated  during  these  accelerated  test 
procedures may be replaced during the test. The test loads may be applied 
by means of special slack-free devices. 

3. 

3.1. 

3.1.1. 

SPECIFIC TESTING REQUIREMENTS 

Coupling balls and towing brackets 

 Mechanical coupling devices with coupling balls may be of the following 
types: 

(i)  one-piece  coupling  balls  including  devices  with  non-  interchangeable 
detachable balls (see Figures 20a and 20b), 

(ii) coupling balls, comprising a number of parts which can be dismantled 
(see Figures 20c, 20d and 20e), 

(iii) towing brackets without ball fitted (see Figure 20f). 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/111 

a One piece towing bracket and coupling ball

b

In this model the ball can be removed by hand : for
example, an assembly with a bayonet-type fixture

c Bracket with ball which can be removed using tools

d Bracket with ball and ball support, fastened using class

A50 bolts, for example

e Bracket with ball and integral support, assembled using

tools

f

Bracket without ball

Figure 20 - Arrangements of ball type towing brackets 

 
L 373/112 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

3.1.2. 

3.1.3. 

3.1.4. 

The basic test is a dynamic endurance test. The test sample comprises the 
coupling ball, the ball neck and the mountings necessary for attaching the 
assembly  to  the  vehicle.  The  coupling  ball  and  towing  bracket  shall  be 
rigidly mounted to a test rig, capable of producing an alternating force, in 
the actual position in which it is intended for use. 

The  positions  of  the  fixing  points  for  attaching  the  coupling  ball  and 
towing  bracket  are  specified  by  the  vehicle  manufacturer  (see  paragraph 
5.3.2. of this Regulation). 

The devices submitted for test shall be provided with all parts and design 
details which may have an influence on the strength criteria (for example 
electrical socket plate, any marking, etc.). The test sample shall include all 
parts  up  to  the  anchorage  points  or  fitting  points  to  the  vehicle.  The 
geometric  location  of  the  coupling  ball  and  the  fixing  points  of  the 
coupling  device  related  to  the  reference  line  shall  be  provided  by  the 
vehicle  manufacturer  and  shall  be  shown  in  the  test  report.  All  relative 
positions  of  the  anchorage  points  with  respect  to  the  reference  line,  for 
which  the  towing  vehicle  manufacturer  shall  provide  all  the  necessary 
information  to  the  towing  device  manufacturer,  shall  be  repeated  on  the 
test bed. 

3.1.5. 

The  sample  mounted  on  the  test  rig  shall  be  subjected  to  an  alternating 
stress test applied at an angle to the ball as shown in Figure 21 or 22. 

The  direction  of  the  angle  of  test  shall  be  determined  by  the  vertical 
relationship between a horizontal reference line passing through the centre 
of  the  ball  and  a  horizontal  line  passing  through  the  fixing  point  of  the 
coupling device which is the highest of  the  nearest,  when  measured  in  a 
horizontal plane, to a transverse vertical plane passing through the centre 
of the ball. If the fixing point line is above the horizontal reference line, 
the test shall be carried out at an angle of α  = +15°±1° and if it is below 
then the test shall be carried out at an angle of α  = -15°±1° (see Figure 
21).  The  fixing  points  to  be  considered  in  determining  the  angle  of  test 
shall be those declared by the vehicle manufacturer and which transmit the 
major towing forces to the structure of the towing vehicle. 

This  angle  is  chosen  in  order  to  take  account  of  the  vertical  static  and 
dynamic load and is only applicable for a permitted static vertical load not 
exceeding: 

S = 120 x D [N] 

Where  the  static  vertical  load  exceeds  that  calculated  above,  the  angle 
shall, in both conditions, be increased to 20°. 

The dynamic test shall be performed with the following test force: 

F

hs res

 =

±0.6 D 

3.1.6. 

The test procedure is applicable to the different types of coupling devices 
(see paragraph 3.1.1 of this annex) as follows: 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/113 

3.1.6.1. 

one  piece  coupling  balls  including  devices  with  non-interchangeable 
detachable balls (see Figures 20a and 20b). 

3.1.6.1.1. 

the  strength  test  for  the  devices  shown  in  Figures  20a  and  20b  shall  be 
carried out according to the requirements of paragraph 3.1.5; 

Note: The line parallel to the reference line passes through the centre of the highest 
and  nearest  point  for  mounting  the  towing  bracket  to  the  vehicle  -  see  annex  6, 
paragraph 3.1.5. 

Figure 21 - Angles of application of test force 

 
 
 
 
L 373/114 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Note: 

Direction of alternating test force, F

hs res

, depending on the location of the ball centre 

horizontal  reference  line  in  relation  to  the  line  parallel  to  this  reference  line  -  
see Figure 21 

Figure 22 - Angles of application of test force 

3.1.6.2. 

coupling balls, comprising parts which can be dismantled. 

The following categories are defined: 

(a) towing bracket and ball (see Figure 20c), 

(b) towing bracket and ball on integral support (see Figure 20d), 

(c) towing bracket with detachable ball (see Figure 20e), 

(d) towing bracket without ball (see Figure 20f). 

3.1.6.2.1.  The  strength  test  for  the  devices  shown  in  Figures  20c  to  20f  shall  be 
carried out according to the requirements of paragraph 3.1.5. Dimensions 
e  and  f,  shall  have  a  manufacturing  tolerance  of  ±5  mm,  and  shall  be 
stated in the test report. 

The test of the towing bracket (see Figure 20f) shall be carried out with a 
mounted ball (on support). Account will be taken only of the result of the 
test  on  the  towing  bracket  between  the  fixing  points  and  the  mounting 
surface of the ball support. 

The  dimensions  e  and  f  shall  have  a  manufacturing  tolerance  of ±5 mm 
and shall be specified by the coupling device manufacturer. 

 
 
27.12.2006 

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L 373/115 

3.1.6.3. 

Coupling  devices  with  variable  dimensions  e  and  f  for  demountable  and 
interchangeable coupling balls - see Figure 22. 

3.1.6.3.1.  The  strength  tests  for  such  towing  brackets  shall  be  carried  out  to  the 

requirements of paragraph 3.1.5. 

3.1.6.3.2. 

If  a  worst  case  configuration  can  be  defined  by  agreement  between  the 
manufacturer  and  the  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service,  then 
testing of this one configuration alone shall be sufficient. 

Otherwise,  several  ball  positions  shall  be  tested  in  a  simplified  test 
programme according to paragraph 3.1.6.3.3. 

3.1.6.3.3. 

3.1.7. 

In a simplified test programme, the value for f shall be between a defined 
value of f
 which does not exceed 100 mm. The ball 

 and a value of f

min
shall  be  at  a  distance,  e

max
,  of  130  mm  from  the  support.  To  cover  all 

max

possible positions of the ball, in the field given by the horizontal distance 
from the mounting surface and the vertical range of f (f
), two 

 to f

min

max

devices are to be tested: 

(i) one with a ball in the upper (f

max

) position, and 

(ii) one with a ball in the lower (f

min

) position. 

The angle of application of the test force will vary, positive or negative, 
depending on the relationship of the ball centre horizontal reference line to 
the  parallel  line  passing  through  the  highest  and  nearest  coupling  device 
fixing point. The angles to be used are shown in Figure 22. 

In  the  case  where  detachable  ball  units  are  retained  using  fixing 
arrangements  other  than  screwed  fittings,  for  example,  spring  clips,  and 
where  the  positive  mechanical  engagement  aspect  of  the  arrangement  is 
not tested during the dynamic test, then the arrangement shall be subject to 
a static test applied to the ball or to the positive mechanical engagement 
arrangement  in  an  appropriate  direction.  Where  the  positive  mechanical 
engagement arrangement retains the ball unit vertically, the static test shall 
be  to  apply  an  upwards  vertical  force  to  the  ball  equivalent  to  the  "D" 
value. Where the positive mechanical engagement arrangement retains the 
ball unit by means of a transverse horizontal design, the static test shall be 
to apply a force in this direction equivalent to 0.25 D. There shall not be 
any failure of the positive mechanical engagement device or any distortion 
likely to have an adverse effect on its function. 

3.1.8. 

The attachment points for the secondary coupling referred to in annex 5, 
paragraph  1.5  shall  withstand  a  horizontal  static  force  equivalent  to  2D 
with a maximum of 15 kN. Where there is a separate attachment point for 
a breakaway cable this shall withstand a horizontal static force equivalent 
to D. 

3.2. 

Coupling heads 

 
 
 
L 373/116 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

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3.2.1. 

3.2.2. 

The basic test is an endurance test using an alternating test force followed 
by a static test (lifting test) on the same test sample. 

The  dynamic  test  shall  be  performed  with  a  Class  A  coupling  ball  of 
appropriate  strength.  On  the  test  rig  the  coupling  ball  and  coupling  head 
shall  be  arranged  as  instructed  by  the  manufacturer  and  orientated  in  a 
way corresponding to the relative positions in normal use. There should be 
no  possibility  of  extra  forces  in  addition  to  the  test  force  acting  on  the 
specimen. The test force shall be applied along a line passing through the 
centre  of  the  ball  and  inclined  downwards  to  the  rear  at  15°  (see  Figure 
23).  An  endurance  test  must  be  performed  on  a  test  specimen  with  the 
following test force: 

F

hs res w

 = ±0.6 D 

Where  the  maximum  permissible  static  vertical  mass,  S,  exceeds  120 D, 
then the angle of test shall be increased to 20°. 

Figure 23 - Dynamic test 

3.2.3. 

A static separation test shall also be performed. The coupling ball used for 
the test shall have a diameter of 49.00 to 49.13 mm in order to represent a 
worn  coupling  ball.  The  separation  force,  F
,  shall  be  applied 
a

perpendicular  to  both  the  transverse  and  longitudinal  centre  line  axes  of 
the coupling head and shall be increased smoothly and quickly to a value 
of: 

Fa  =  g(C+ S/1000)          kN 

 
 
 
 
 
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and be held for 10 seconds. 

The  coupling  head  shall  not  separate  from  the  ball  nor  shall  any 
component  of  the  coupling  head  exhibit  any  permanent  distortion  which 
could have an adverse effect on its functional capability. 

3.3. 

Drawbar couplings and drawbeams 

3.3.1. 

An  endurance  test  shall  be  performed  on  a  test  sample.  The  coupling 
device  shall  be  equipped  with  all  the  fixings  needed  to  attach  it  to  the 
vehicle.  Any  intermediate  devices  fitted  between  the  drawbar  couplings 
and  the  vehicle  frame  (i.  e.  drawbeams)  shall  be  tested  with  the  same 
forces  as  the  coupling.  When  testing  drawbeams  intended  for  standard 
drawbar  couplings,  the  vertical  load  shall  be  applied  at  a  longitudinal 
distance  from  the  vertical  plane  of  the  fixing  points  that  is  equal  to  the 
position of the corresponding standard coupling. 

3.3.2. 

Drawbar couplings for hinged drawbars (S=0) 

The dynamic test shall be performed with a horizontal alternating force of 
F
= ±0.6 D acting in a line parallel to the ground and in the longitudinal 

hw

median  plane  of  the  towing  vehicle  passing  through  the  centre  of  the 
coupling pin. 

3.3.3. 

Drawbar couplings for use with centre-axle trailers (S>0). 

3.3.3.1. 

Centre axle trailer masses up to and including 3.5 tonnes: 

Drawbar couplings for use with centre axle trailers up to and including a 
mass of 3.5 tonnes shall be tested in the same way as coupling balls and 
towing brackets described in 3.1 of this annex. 

3.3.3.2. 

Centre axle trailer masses exceeding 3.5 tonnes: 

The test forces are applied to the specimen in both horizontal and vertical 
directions in an asynchronous endurance test. The horizontal line of action 
shall  be  equivalent  to  being  parallel  to  the  ground  and  along  the 
longitudinal  median  plane  of  the  towing  vehicle  and  pass  through  the 
centre  of  the  coupling  pin.  The  vertical  line  of  action  shall  be 
perpendicular  to  the  horizontal  line  of  action  and  shall  act  along  the 
longitudinal centre line of the coupling pin. 

The fixing arrangements for the drawbar coupling and the drawbar eye on 
the  test  rig  shall  be  those  intended  for  its  attachment  to  the  vehicle  in 
accordance with the manufacturer's fitting instructions. 

The following test forces shall be applied: 

 
 
 
 
L 373/118 

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TABLE 14 - Test forces 

Test force 

Mean Value (kN) 

Amplitude (kN) 

Horizontal force 

0 

 (See Note) 
±0.6D
c

Vertical force 

S x g/1000 

±0.6V (See Note) 

Note:  In  the  case  of  Class  T  dedicated  drawbar  couplings  these  values  shall  be 
reduced to ±0.5D

 and ±0.5V. 
c

The vertical and the horizontal components shall be sinusoidal in shape and shall be 
their  frequencies  shall  be 
applied  asynchronously,  where 
between 1 per cent and 3 per cent. 

the  difference  of 

3.3.4. 

Static test on coupling pin locking device 

With  drawbar  couplings  it  is  also  necessary  to  test  the  closure  and  any 
locking devices by means of a static force of 0.25 D acting in the direction 
of  opening.  The  test  shall  not  cause  the  closure  to  open  and  it  shall  not 
cause  any  damage.  A  test  force  of  0.1  D  is  sufficient  in  the  case  of 
cylindrical coupling pins. 

3.4. 

Drawbar eyes 

3.4.1. 

3.4.2. 

3.4.3. 

Drawbar eyes shall be subjected to the same dynamic testing as drawbar 
couplings.  Drawbar  eyes  used  solely  for  trailers  having  hinged  drawbars 
allowing free vertical movement shall be subjected to an alternating force 
as  described  in  paragraph 3.3.2.  Drawbar  eyes  also  intended  for  use  on 
centre axle trailers shall be tested in the same way as ball coupling heads 
(paragraph 3.2) for trailer masses C up to and including 3.5 tonnes and in 
the  same  way  as  drawbar  couplings  (paragraph 3.3.3.2.)  for  centre  axle 
trailers with a mass, C, exceeding 3.5 tonnes. 

Toroidal  eyes  of  Class  L  shall  be  tested  in  the  same  manner  as  standard 
drawbar eyes. 

The testing of drawbar eyes shall be conducted in such a manner that the 
alternating force also acts on the parts used for attaching the drawbar eye 
to the drawbar. All flexible intermediate components shall be clamped. 

3.5. 

Hook type couplings 

3.5.1. 

Class  K  hook  type  couplings  shall  satisfy  the  dynamic  test  given  in 
paragraph 3.5.2 of this annex. 

3.5.2. 

Dynamic test: 

3.5.2.1. 

The dynamic test shall be a pulsating test using a Class L toroidal eye and 
with the coupling mounted as it would be on a vehicle and with all of the 

 
 
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3.5.2.2. 

3.5.2.3. 

necessary parts for vehicle installation. However, any flexible components 
may  be  neutralized  with  the  agreement  of  the  type  approval  authority  or 
technical service; 

For  hook  type  couplings  intended  for  use  with  hinged  drawbar  trailers, 
where the imposed vertical load on the coupling, S, is zero, the test force 
shall be applied in a horizontal direction simulating a tensile force on the 
hook and varying between 0.05 D and 1.00 D; 

For hook type couplings intended for use with centre axle trailers the test 
force shall represent the resultant of the horizontal and vertical forces on 
the  coupling  and  shall  be  applied  along  an  angle,  -α  ,  that  is,  from  top 
front to bottom rear (see Figure 21), and equivalent to the calculated angle 
of the resultant between the horizontal and vertical forces on the coupling. 
The force, F

 shall be calculated as: 

hs res

F hs res = 

F

2 +
h F

2

s

 where  F h  = D c and F s = 

S
81.9
1000

.+ 0.8 V 

3.5.2.4. 

The applied force shall vary between 0.05 F

hs res

 and 1.00 F

. 
hs res

3.5.3. 

Static test on coupling locking device 

With hook type couplings it is also necessary to test the closure and any 
locking devices by means of a static force of 0.25 D acting in the direction 
of  opening.  The  test  shall  not  cause  the  closure  to  open  and  it  shall  not 
cause any damage. 

3.6. 

Drawbars 

3.6.1. 

Drawbars shall be tested in the same way as drawbar eyes (see paragraph 
3.4.).  The  type  approval  authority  or  technical  service  may  waive  an 
endurance  test  if  the  simple  design  of  a  component  makes  a  theoretical 
check  of  its  strength  possible.  The  design  forces  for  the  theoretical 
verification of the drawbar of centre axle trailers with a mass, C, of up to 
and including 3.5 tonnes shall be taken from ISO 7641/1:1983. The design 
forces  for  the  theoretical  verification  of  drawbars  for  centre  axle  trailers 
having a mass, C, over 3.5 tonnes shall be calculated as follows: 

 = (g x S/1000) + V 

F

sp

where  the  force  amplitude  V  is  that  given  in  paragraph 2.11.4.  of 
this Regulation. 

The permissible stresses based on the design masses for trailers having a 
total mass, C, over 3.5 tonnes shall be in accordance with paragraph 5.3. 
of  ISO  7641/1:1983.  For  bent  drawbars  (e.  g.  swan  neck)  and  for  the 
  =  1.0 x D 
drawbars  of  full  trailers,  the  horizontal  force  component  F

hp

shall be taken into consideration. 

 
 
 
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3.6.2. 

3.6.3. 

For drawbars for full trailers with free movement in the vertical plane, in 
addition  to  the  endurance  test  or  theoretical  verification  of  strength,  the 
resistance to buckling shall be verified either by a theoretical calculation 
with  a  design  force  of  3.0 x D  or  by  a  buckling  test  with  a  force  of 
3.0 x D.  The  permissible  stresses  in  the  case  of  calculation  shall  be  in 
accordance with paragraph 5.3. of ISO 7641/1:1983. 

In the case of steered axles, the resistance to bending shall be verified by 
theoretical  calculations  or  by  a  bending  test.  A  horizontal,  lateral  static 
force shall be applied in the centre of the coupling point. The magnitude 
 x g  (kNm)  is 
of  this  force  shall  be  chosen  so  that  a  moment  of  0.6 x A
v

exerted  about  the  front  axle  centre.  The  permissible  stresses  shall  be  in 
accordance with paragraph 5.3. of ISO 7641/1:1983. 

However,  in  the  case  where  the  steered  axles  form  a  twin,  tandem,  axle 
front  carriage  (steered  bogie)  the  moment  shall  be  increased  to 
0.95 x A
v

 x g (kNm) 

3.7. 

Fifth wheel couplings 

3.7.1. 

The  basic  strength  tests  are  a  dynamic  test  and  a  static  test  (lifting  test). 
Fifth  wheel  couplings  intended  for  the  positive  steering  of  semitrailers 
shall be subject to an additional static test (bending test). For the purpose 
of the tests the fifth wheel coupling shall be equipped with all the fixings 
needed  to  attach  it  to  the  vehicle.  The  method  of  mounting  shall  be 
identical to that employed on the vehicle itself. It is not permissible to use 
a calculation method as an alternative to physical testing. 

3.7.2. 

Static tests 

3.7.2.1. 

Standard  fifth  wheel  couplings  designed  for  a  steering  wedge  or  similar 
device  for  the  positive  steering  of  semitrailers  (see  paragraph  2.7  of  this 
Regulation)  shall  be  tested  for  adequate  strength  by  means  of  a  static 
bending  test  within  the  working  range  of  the  steering  device  with  the 
simultaneous  application  of  fifth  wheel  load.  The  maximum  permitted 
imposed vertical load, U, for the fifth wheel shall be applied vertically to 
the  coupling  in  its  operating  position  by  means  of  a  rigid  plate  of 
sufficient size to cover the coupling completely. 

The  resultant  of  the  applied  load  shall  pass  through  the  center  of  the 
horizontal joint of the fifth wheel coupling. 

Simultaneously,  a  horizontal  lateral  force,  representing  the  force  needed 
for positive steering of the semitrailer, shall be applied to the flanks of the 
guide for the coupling pin. The magnitude of this force and the direction 
in which it acts shall be chosen so that a moment of 0.75m x D is exerted 
about the center of the coupling pin by means of a force acting on a lever 
arm 0.5 m ± 0.1 m long. Permanent, plastic deformation up to 0.5 per cent 
of all nominal dimensions is permitted. There shall not be any cracking. 

 
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3.7.2.2. 

A static lifting test shall be performed on all fifth wheel couplings. Up to a 
 = g.U there shall not be any major permanent bending 
lifting force of F
a

of the coupling plate over more than 0.2 per cent of its width. 

In  the  case  of  Class  G50  standard  fifth  wheel  couplings  and  comparable 
couplings  for  the  same  coupling  pin  diameter,  there  shall  not  be  any 
separation of the coupling pin from the coupling with a lifting force of F
a
=  g x 2.5 U.  In  the  case  of  non-standard  couplings  using  a  pin  diameter 
greater  than  50 mm,  for  example  90  mm  pin  diameter  couplings,  the 
 = g x  1.6 U with a minimum value of 500 kN. 
lifting force shall be: F
a

The  force  shall  be  applied  by  means  of  a  lever  bearing  on  the  coupling 
plate at one end and being raised at the other end at a distance of 1.0 to 1.5 
m from the center of the coupling pin - see Figure 24. 

The lever arm shall be at 90° to the direction of entry of the coupling pin 
into  the  coupling.  If  the  worst  case  is  obvious,  this  worst  case  has  to  be 
tested.  If  the  worst  case  is  not  easy  to  determine,  the  type  approval 
authority or technical service shall decide which side to test. Only one test 
is necessary. 

Rear view

Figure 24 - Lifting test on fifth wheel couplings 

3.7.3. 

Dynamic test 

The fifth wheel coupling shall be subjected to alternating stress on a test 
rig  (asynchronous  dynamic  test)  with  horizontal  alternating  and  vertical 
pulsating forces acting simultaneously. 

 
 
 
 
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3.7.3.1. 

In the case of fifth wheel couplings not intended for the positive steering 
of semitrailers, the following forces shall be used: 

Horizontal: F

hw

 = ±0.6 x D 

Vertical: F

sO

 = g x 1.2 U 

F

sU

 = g x 0.4 U 

These two forces shall be applied in the longitudinal median plane of the 
 passing through 
vehicle with the lines of action of both forces F

 and F

sO

sU

the centre of the joint of the coupling. 

The  vertical  force  F
s

  alternates  between  the  limits  +g x 1.2 U  and 

+g x 0.4 U and the horizontal force between ±0.6 D. 

3.7.3.2. 

In  the  case  of  fifth  wheel  couplings  intended  for  the  positive  steering  of 
semitrailers the following forces shall be used : 

Horizontal: F

hw

 = ±0.675 D 

Vertical: F

sO

 and F

sU

 as in paragraph 3.7.3.1. 

The lines of action of the forces are as given in paragraph 3.7.3.1. 

3.7.3.3. 

For  the  dynamic  test  of  fifth  wheel  couplings,  a  suitable  lubricating 
material shall be placed between the coupling plate and the trailer plate so 
that the maximum coefficient of friction, F, is 0.15. 

3.8. 

Mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings 

The  dynamic  test  for  fifth  wheel  couplings  described  in  paragraph 3.7.3. 
and  the  static  tests  described  in  paragraph 3.7.2.  shall  also  be  applied  to 
mounting  plates.  With  mounting  plates,  it  is  sufficient  to  perform  the 
lifting  test  on  one  side  only.  The  test  shall  be  based  on  the  maximum 
designated  installation  height  for  the  coupling,  the  maximum  designated 
width and the minimum designated length of the mounting plate design. It 
is not necessary to carry out this test if the mounting plate in question is 
identical  to  one  which  has  already  undergone  this  test  except  that  it  is 
narrower and/or longer and the total height is lower. It is not permissible 
to use a calculation method as an alternative to physical testing. 

3.9. 

Fifth wheel coupling pins of semitrailers 

3.9.1. 

A  dynamic  test  with  alternating  stress  shall  be  performed  on  a  sample 
mounted  on  a  test  rig.  The  testing  of  the  coupling  pin  shall  not  be 
combined  with  the  testing  of  the  fifth  wheel  coupling.  The  test  shall  be 
conducted  so  that  the  force  is  also  applied  to  the  fixings  needed  for 
attaching the coupling pin to the semitrailer. It is not permissible to use a 
calculation method as an alternative to physical testing. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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3.9.2. 

A dynamic test with an alternating horizontal force of F

hw

 = ±0.6 D shall 

be applied to the coupling pin in the operating position. 

The line of action of the force shall pass through the centre of the smallest 
diameter of the cylindrical part of the coupling pin having a diameter of 
50.8 mm for Class H50 (see annex 5, Figure 18). 

 
L 373/124 

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1. 

1.1. 

1.1.1. 

Annex 7 

INSTALLATION AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 

Installation and special requirements 

Attachment of coupling balls and towing brackets 

Coupling  balls  and  towing  brackets  shall  be  attached  to  vehicles  of 
categories M1, M2 (below 3.5t maximum permissible mass) and N1 1 in a 
manner which conforms to the clearance and height dimensions given in 
Figure 25. The height shall be measured at the vehicle loading conditions 
given in appendix 1 to this annex. 

The height requirement shall not apply in the case of category G off-road 
vehicles  as  defined  in  annex 7  of  the  Consolidated  Resolution  on  the 
Construction 
(R.E.3)(document 
TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2). 

Vehicles 

of 

1.1.1.1. 

1.1.2. 

1.1.3. 

The  clearance  space  shown  in  Figures  25a  and  25b  may  be  occupied  by 
non-demountable  equipment,  such  as  a  spare  wheel,  provided  that  the 
distance  from  the  centre  of  the  ball  to  a  vertical  plane  at  the  extreme 
rearmost point of the equipment does not exceed 300 mm. The equipment 
shall  be  mounted  to  allow  adequate  access  for  coupling  and  uncoupling 
without risk of injury to the user and without affecting articulation of the 
coupling. 

For  coupling  balls  and  towing  brackets  the  vehicle  manufacturer  shall 
supply mounting instructions and state whether any reinforcement of the 
fixing area is necessary. 

It  shall  be  possible  to  couple  and  uncouple  ball  couplings  when  the 
longitudinal  axis  of  the  ball  coupling  in  relation  to  the  centre  line  of  the 
coupling ball and mounting: 

is rotated horizontally 60° to right or left, (β = 60°, see Figure 25); 

is rotated vertically 10° up or down (α = 10°, see Figure 25); 

is rotated axially 10° to right or left. 

1 See definitions in Regulation N°. 13 annexed to the 1958 Agreement concerning the Adoption of 
Uniform Technical Prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/ 
or be Used on Vehicles and Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals granted on the Basis 
of these Prescriptions. The definition is also contained in annex 7 of Consolidated Resolution on the 
Construction vehicles (R. E. 3) (document TRANS/ WP. 29/ 78/ Rev. 1/ Amend. 2).  

 
 
 
                                                 
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Figure 25 (a) - Clearance space for, and height of, coupling ball - side view 

 
 
 
 
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Figure 25 (b) - Clearance space for coupling ball - plan view 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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1.1.4. 

When the trailer is not coupled to the towing vehicle, the mounted towing 
bracket and coupling ball shall not obscure the mounting space provided 
for  the  rear  registration  plate  or  affect  the  visibility  of  the  rear 
registration/licence  plate  of  the  towing  vehicle.  If  the  coupling  ball  or 
other items do obscure the rear registration plate they shall be removable 
or  repositionable  without  the  use  of  tools  except,  for  example,  an  easily 
operated (i.e. an effort not exceeding 20 Nm) release key which is carried 
in the vehicle. 

1.2. 

Attachment of coupling heads 

1.2.1. 

Class B coupling heads are permitted for trailers of maximum mass up to 
and  including  3.5 tonnes.  With  the  trailer  horizontal  and  carrying  the 
maximum  permitted  axle  load,  coupling  heads  shall  be  fitted  so  that  the 
centre  line  of  the  spherical  area  into  which  the  ball  fits  is  430  ±35  mm 
above the horizontal plane on which the wheels of the trailer rest. 

In  the  case  of  caravans  and  goods  trailers,  the  horizontal  position  is 
regarded as when the floor or loading surface is horizontal. In the case of 
trailers without such a reference surface (e.g. boat trailers or similar) the 
trailer  manufacturer  shall  give  an  appropriate  reference  line  defining  the 
horizontal  position.  The  height  requirement  shall  apply  only  to  trailers 
intended  to  be  attached  to  vehicles  mentioned  in  paragraph 1.1.1.  of  this 
annex. 

In all cases the horizontal position shall be determined to within ±1°. 

1.2.2. 

It  shall  be  possible  to  operate  the  coupling  heads  safely  within  the  free 
space of the coupling ball given in Figures 25a and 25b, up to angles of α 
= 25° and β = 60°. 

1.3. 

Attachment of drawbar couplings and mounting blocks 

1.3.1. 

Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings: 

In  the  case  of  types  of  standard  drawbar  couplings  the  mounting 
dimensions on the vehicle given in Figure 15 and Table 10 must be met. 

1.3.2. 

Need for remote controlled couplings 

If  one  or  more  of  the  following  requirements  regarding  easy  and  safe 
operation  (paragraph  1.3.3.),  accessibility  (paragraph 1.3.5.)  or  clearance 
for  the  hand  lever  (paragraph 1.3.6.)  cannot  be  met,  a  coupling  with  a 
remote  control  device  as  described  in  annex  5,  paragraph  12.3.  shall  be 
used. 

1.3.3. 

Easy and safe coupling operation 

Drawbar couplings shall be mounted on the vehicle in such a manner that 
they are easy and safe to operate. 

 
 
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In addition to the functions of opening (and closing, if applicable) this also 
includes checking the position of the indicator for the closed and locked 
positions of the coupling pin (by sight and touch). 

In the area in which the person operating the coupling has to stand, there 
shall  not  be  any  points  of  possible  danger  such  as  sharp  edges,  corners, 
etc.  inherent  in  the  design  unless  these  are  protected  so  that  injury  is 
unlikely. 

The way of escape from this area shall not be restricted or barred on either 
side by any objects attached to either the coupling or the vehicles. 

Any  underrun  protection  device  shall  not  prevent  the  person  adopting  a 
suitable position to operate the coupling. 

1.3.4. 

Minimum angle for coupling up and uncoupling 

Coupling  and  uncoupling  of  the  drawbar  eye  shall  be  possible  when  the 
longitudinal  axis  of  the  drawbar  eye  in  relation  to  the  centre  line  of  the 
jaw is simultaneously rotated: 

50° horizontally to right or left; 

6° vertically up or down. 

6° axially to right or left. 

This requirement shall also apply to Class K hook type couplings. 

1.3.5. 

Accessibility 

The  distance  between  the  center  of  the  coupling  pin  and  the  edge  of  the 
bodywork  of  the  vehicle  shall  not  exceed  550 mm.  Where  the  distance 
exceeds 420 mm, the coupling shall be fitted with an actuation mechanism 
which will allow safe operation at a maximum distance of 420 mm from 
the outer board of the bodywork. 

The  distance  of  550 mm  may  be  exceeded  as  follows,  provided  that 
technical necessity can be demonstrated and that easy and safe actuation 
of the drawbar coupling is not adversely affected: 

(i) to a distance of up to 650 mm for vehicles with tipping bodies or rear-
mounted equipment; 

(ii)  to  a  distance  of  up  to  1320  mm  if  the  unobstructed  height  is  at  least  
1150 mm; 

(iii)  in  the  case  of  car  transporters with  at  least  two  loading  levels  when 
the  trailer  vehicle  is  not  separated  from  the  towing  vehicle  in  normal 
transport operation. 

1.3.6. 

Clearance for the hand lever 

 
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In  order  to  permit  safe  operation  of  drawbar  couplings  there  shall  be 
adequate free space around the hand lever. 

The clearance illustrated in Figure 26 is regarded as sufficient. If different 
types  of  standard  drawbar  couplings  are  intended  to  be  fitted  to  the 
vehicle,  the  clearance  shall  be  such  that  the  conditions  are  also  satisfied 
for the largest size of coupling of the appropriate class given in annex 5, 
paragraph 3. 

Figure 26 - Hand lever clearance 

The  clearance  dimensions  are  also  applicable  as  appropriate  for  drawbar  couplings 
having hand levers pointing downwards or of a different design. 

The  clearance  shall  also  be  maintained  within  the  specified  minimum  angle  for 
coupling up and uncoupling given in paragraph 1.3.4. of this annex. 

1.3.7. 

Clearance for free movement of drawbar coupling 

The drawbar coupling attached to the vehicle shall have a minimum clear 
gap of 10 mm from every other part of the vehicle taking into account all 
possible geometrical positions given in annex 5, paragraph 3. 

If different types of standard drawbar couplings are intended to be fitted to 
the  vehicle  type,  the  clearance  shall  be  such  that  the  conditions  are  also 
satisfied for the largest possible coupling of the appropriate class stated in 
annex 5, paragraph 3. 

1.3.8. 

Acceptability  of  drawbar  couplings  with  a  special  joint  for  vertical 
rotation - see annex 5, paragraph 3.4. 

 
 
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Couplings having a cylindrical pin and which achieve vertical rotation for 
the coupled drawbar eye by means of a special joint will only be permitted 
when technical necessity can be demonstrated. This may be the case, for 
example, on rear tippers when the coupling head shall be hinged, or with 
the couplings of heavy transporters when for strength reasons the use of a 
cylindrical coupling pin is necessary. 

1.4. 

Attachment of drawbar eyes and drawbars on trailers. 

1.4.1. 

1.4.2. 

1.4.3. 

1.5. 

1.5.1. 

1.5.2. 

Drawbars  for  centre  axle  trailers  shall  have  a  support  device  which  is 
adjustable  in  height  if  vertical  bearing  mass  at  the  drawbar  eye  on  the 
trailer  exceeds  50  kg,  when  the  trailer  is  uniformly  loaded  to  its 
technically permissible maximum mass. 

When  attaching  drawbar  eyes  and  drawbar  to  centre-axle  trailers  with  a 
maximum mass, C, of more than 3.5 tonnes and more than one axle, the 
trailers shall be equipped with device for axle load sharing. 

Hinged drawbars shall be clear of the ground. They shall not fall below a 
height  of  200  mm  from  the  ground  when  released  from  the  horizontal 
position. See also annex 5, paragraphs 5.3. and 5.4. 

Attachment  of  fifth  wheel  couplings,  mounting  plates  and  coupling  pins 
on vehicles. 

Class  G50  fifth  wheel  couplings  shall  not  be  mounted  directly  on  the 
vehicle frame unless permitted by the vehicle manufacturer. They shall be 
fixed  to  the  frame  by  means  of  a  mounting  plate  and  the  installation 
instructions  provided  by 
the  vehicle  manufacturer  and  coupling 
manufacturer shall be followed. 

Semitrailers  shall  be  equipped  with  landing  gear  or  any  other  equipment 
which allows uncoupling and parking of the semitrailer. If semitrailers are 
equipped  so  that  the  connection  of  the  coupling  devices,  the  electrical 
systems  and  braking  systems  can  be  effected  automatically,  the  trailer 
shall have landing gear which retracts from the ground automatically after 
the semitrailer has been coupled up. 

These requirements shall not apply in the case of semitrailers designed for 
special operations where they are normally only separated in a workshop 
or when loading and unloading in specifically designed operating areas. 

1.5.3. 

The  fixing  of  the  fifth  wheel  coupling  pin  to  the  mounting  plate  on  the 
semitrailer  shall  be  as  instructed  by  the  vehicle  manufacturer  or  the 
manufacturer of the fifth wheel coupling pin. 

1.5.4. 

If  a  semitrailer  is  equipped  with  a  steering  wedge  it  shall  meet  the 
requirements as described in annex 5, paragraph 7.8. 

 
27.12.2006 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

L 373/131 

2. 

2.1. 

REMOTE INDICATION AND CONTROL 

When  installing  remote  indication  and  control  devices  any  relevant 
requirements given in annex 5, paragraph 12 shall be taken into account. 

 
L 373/132 

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Official Journal of the European Union 

27.12.2006 

Annex 7 - Appendix 1 

LOADING CONDITIONS FOR MEASUREMENT OF  COUPLING 
BALL HEIGHT 

1. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.1.1. 

2.1.1.1. 

The height shall be as specified in annex 7, paragraph 1.1.1.  

In  the  case  of  M1  category  vehicles  1/  the  vehicle  mass  at  which  this 
height  shall  be  measured  shall  be  declared  by  the  vehicle  manufacturer 
and shall be given in the Communication form (annex 2). The mass shall 
be either the maximum permissible mass, distributed between the axles as 
declared  by  the  vehicle  manufacturer  or  the  mass  given  by  loading  the 
vehicle in accordance with paragraph 2.1. of this appendix. 

The  maximum  figure  for  the  mass  in  running  order  as  declared  by  the 
towing  vehicle  manufacturer  (see  paragraph  6.  of  the  Communication 
form, annex 2); plus 

two masses, each of 68 kg, positioned in the outer seating position of each 
row of seats, with the seats in the rearmost adjustable position for normal 
driving and travel, and with the masses located: 

for  original  equipment  coupling  devices  and  components  submitted  for 
approval by the vehicle manufacturer, approximately at a point located at 
100mm in front of the "R" point for adjustable seats and 50 mm in front of 
the "R" point for other seats, the "R" point being determined according to 
Regulation No. 14 paragraph 5.1.1.2.; or 

2.1.1.2. 

for  coupling  devices  and  components  submitted  for  approval  by  an 
independent  manufacturer  and  intended  for  replacement  market  fitting, 
approximately at the position of a seated person;  

2.1.2. 

3. 

3.1. 

In addition, for each mass of 68 kg, an additional mass of 7 kg allowance 
for personal luggage shall be distributed evenly in the luggage area of the 
vehicle; 

In  the  case  of  N1  category  vehicles  1/,  the  vehicle  mass  at  which  this 
height shall be measured shall be: 

The maximum permissible mass, distributed between the axles as declared 
by 
the 
Communication form, annex 2). 

towing  vehicle  manufacturer 

(see  paragraph  6.  of 

the