Regulation (EC) No 1899/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 on the harmonisation of technical requirements and administrative procedures in the field of civil aviation   (Text with EEA relevance)
Date: 2006-12-12
Institutions: Council of the European Union, European Parliament
Subjects: administrative procedure, civil aviation, roadworthiness tests, technical standard, transport licence, transport safety

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I

(Acts whose publication is obligatory)

REGULATION (EC) No 1899/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 12 December 2006

amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 on the harmonisation of technical requirements
and administrative procedures in the field of civil aviation

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EURO-
PEAN UNION,

(3)

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Com-
munity, and in particular Article 80(2) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Article 9 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2407/92 of 23
July 1992 on licensing of air carriers (4) provides that the
granting and validity at any time of an operating licence
shall be dependent upon the possession of a valid air
operator's certificate specifying the activities covered by
the operating licence and complying with the criteria to
is now
be established in a prospective regulation.
appropriate to establish such criteria.

It

Having regard to the Opinion of the European Economic and
Social Committee (1),

(4)

After consulting the Committee of the Regions,

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article
251 of the Treaty (2),

Whereas:

(1)

(2)

Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 (3) provides for common
safety standards listed in Annex II to that Regulation with
respect, in particular, to the design, manufacture, opera-
tion and maintenance of aircraft, as well as persons and
organisations involved in those tasks. Those harmonised
safety standards apply to all aircraft operated by Com-
munity operators, whether such aircraft are registered in
a Member State or in a third country.

(5)

Article 4(1) of that Regulation requires the adoption of
common technical
and administrative
requirements
procedures, on the basis of Article 80(2) of the Treaty,
for the fields that are not listed in Annex II to that Regu-
lation.

(1) OJ C 14, 16.1.2001, p. 33.
(2) Opinion of the European Parliament of 3 September 2002 (OJ C 272 E,
13.11.2003, p. 103), Council Common Position of 9 March 2006 (OJ
C 179 E, 1.8.2006, p. 1), Position of the European Parliament of 5 July
2006 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Council Decision
of 23 October 2006.

(3) OJ L 373, 31.12.1991, p. 4. Regulation as last amended by Regulation

(EC) No 1592/2002 (OJ L 240, 7.9.2002, p. 1).

as

rules

called

amended. Those

Joint Aviation Requirements

The Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) have adopted a set
of harmonised rules for commercial air transportation by
for
aeroplane,
(JAR-OPS
Commercial Air Transportation (Aeroplanes)
1),
(Amendment 8 of
1 January 2005) provide for a minimum level of safety
requirements and therefore constitute a good basis for
Community legislation covering the operation of aero-
planes. Changes had to be made to JAR-OPS 1 in order
to bring it into conformity with Community legislation
and policies, account being taken of its numerous impli-
cations in the economic and social field. That new text
cannot be introduced into Community law by simple
reference to JAR-OPS 1 in Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91.
A new Annex containing the common rules should
therefore be added to that Regulation.

Air operators should be given sufficient
flexibility to
address unforeseen urgent operational circumstances, or
operational needs of a limited duration, or to demon-
strate that they can achieve an equivalent level of safety
by means other than the application of the common
rules set out in the Annex (hereinafter referred to as
Annex III). Member States should therefore be empow-
ered to grant exemptions or introduce variations to the
common technical
and administrative
requirements
procedures. Because such exemptions and variations
could,
in certain cases, undermine the common safety
standards or create distortions on the market, their scope
should be strictly limited and their grant should be
subject
In that
to appropriate Community control.
respect, the Commission should be empowered to take
safeguard measures.

(4) OJ L 240, 24.8.1992, p. 1.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

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There exist well-identified cases where Member States
should be permitted to adopt or maintain national provi-
sions regarding flight and duty time limitations and rest
requirements, provided that commonly established proce-
dures are complied with and until Community rules
based on scientific knowledge and best practices are
established.

out in Subpart Q of Annex III, takes into account the
limits and minimum standards already established in
Directive 2000/79/EC (5). The limits set out in that Direc-
tive should always be respected for mobile workers in
civil aviation. The provisions of Subpart Q of Annex III
and other provisions approved pursuant to this Regu-
lation should in no circumstances be broader and thereby
provide those workers with less protection.

The aim of
this Regulation is to provide harmonised
safety standards of a high level, including in the field of
flight and duty time limitations and rest periods. In some
Member States collective labour agreements and/or legis-
lation exists which provides for better conditions as
regards flight and duty time limitations and as regards
working conditions for cabin crew. Nothing in this Regu-
lation should be interpreted as limiting the possibility of
concluding or retaining such agreements. Member States
are allowed to maintain legislation which contains provi-
sions more favourable than those laid down in this Regu-
lation.

The provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91
concerning the committee procedure should be adapted
to take account of Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28
June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of
implementing powers conferred on the Commission (1).

The provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 relating
to its scope should be adapted to take account of Regu-
lation (EC) No 1592/2002 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 15 July 2002 on common rules in
the field of civil aviation and establishing a European
Aviation Safety Agency (2), as well as its implementing
rules established by Commission Regulation (EC) No
1702/2003 of 24 September 2003 laying down imple-
menting rules for the airworthiness and environmental
certification of aircraft and related products, parts and
appliances, as well as for the certification of design and
production organisations (3), and Commission Regulation
(EC) No 2042/2003 of 20 November 2003 on the conti-
nuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products,
parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisa-
tions and personnel involved in these tasks (4).

(10)

This Regulation, in particular the provisions on flight and
set
duty time limitations and rest

requirements as

(1) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. Decision as amended by Decision

2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, p. 11).

(2) OJ L 240, 7.9.2002, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission

Regulation (EC) No 1701/2003 (OJ L 243, 27.9.2003, p. 5).

(3) OJ L 243, 27.9.2003, p. 6. Regulation as amended by Regulation (EC)

No 706/2006 (OJ L 122, 9.5.2006, p. 16).

(4) OJ L 315, 28.11.2003, p. 1. Regulation as amended by Regulation (EC)

No 707/2006 (OJ L 122, 9.5.2006, p. 17).

(11) Member States should be able to continue to apply
national provisions on flight and duty time limitations
and rest requirements for crew members, provided that
the limits established by such national provisions are
below the maximum limits and above the minimum
limits laid down in Subpart Q of Annex III.

(12) Member States should be able to continue to apply
national provisions on flight and duty time limitations
and rest requirements for crew members in areas that are
at present not covered by Subpart Q of Annex III, e.g.
the maximum daily flight duty period for single pilot
operations and emergency medical operations, provisions
regarding the reduction of flight duty periods, or the
augmentation of rest periods when crossing multiple
time zones.

(13) A scientific and medical evaluation of the provisions on
flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements
and, where relevant, of the provisions on cabin crews,
should be made within a period of two years following
the entry into force of this Regulation.

(14)

This Regulation should not affect
the application of
provisions on inspections as laid down in the 1944
Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation and
in Directive 2004/36/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 21 April 2004 on the safety of third-
country aircraft using Community airports (6).

(15) Arrangements for greater cooperation over the use of
Gibraltar airport were agreed in London on 2 December
1987 by the Kingdom of Spain and the United Kingdom
in a joint declaration by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs
of
the two countries. Such arrangements have yet to
enter into operation.

(5) Council Directive 2000/79/EC of 27 November 2000 concerning the
European Agreement on the Organisation of Working Time of Mobile
Workers in Civil Aviation concluded by the Association of European
Airlines (AEA), the European Transport Workers' Federation (ETF), the
European Cockpit Association (ECA), the European Regions Airline
Association (ERA) and the International Air Carrier Association (IACA)
(OJ L 302, 1.12.2000, p. 57).

(6) OJ L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 76. Directive as amended by Regulation (EC)

No 2111/2005 (OJ L 344, 27.12.2005, p. 15).

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(16)

Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 should therefore be
amended accordingly,

This Regulation shall apply to the harmonisation
‘1.
of technical requirements and administrative procedures
in the field of civil aviation safety related to the opera-
tion and maintenance of aircraft and persons and orga-
nisations involved in such tasks.’;

HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

(b) the following paragraphs shall be added:

Article 1

Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 is hereby amended as follows:

1) the following recital shall be inserted immediately after the

ninth recital:

‘The application of provisions regarding flight and duty
time limitations can result
in significant disruption of
rosters for undertakings the operating models of which are
exclusively based on night-time operation. The Commission
should, on the basis of evidence to be provided by the
parties concerned, carry out an assessment and propose an
adjustment of the provisions regarding flight and duty time
these special operating
limitations to take account of
models.’;

‘3.
The application of this Regulation to the airport
of Gibraltar is understood to be without prejudice to
the respective legal positions of the Kingdom of Spain
and the United Kingdom with regard to the dispute
over sovereignty over the territory in which the airport
is situated.

Application of this Regulation to Gibraltar airport
4.
shall be suspended until the arrangements included in
the Joint Declaration made by the Foreign Ministers of
the Kingdom of Spain and the United Kingdom on 2
December 1987 enter into operation. The Governments
inform the
of Spain and the United Kingdom shall
Council of such date of entry into operation.’;

5) the following definition shall be added in Article 2:

2) the following recitals shall be inserted immediately after the

tenth recital:

‘(i) “the Authority”

in Annex III means the competent
authority that has granted the air operator's certificate
(AOC).’;

‘By 16 January 2009, the European Aviation Safety Agency
should complete a scientific and medical evaluation of
Subpart Q and, where relevant, of Subpart O of Annex III.
On the basis of the results of this evaluation, and in accord-
ance with the procedure referred to in Article 12(2), the
Commission should,
if necessary, draw up and submit
proposals without delay to amend the relevant technical
provisions.

In the review of certain provisions referred to in Article 8a,
the course towards further harmonisation of cabin crew
training requirements hitherto adopted should be main-
tained,
in order to facilitate the free movement of cabin
crew personnel within the Community. In this context, the
possibility of further harmonisation of cabin crew qualifica-
tions should be re-examined.’;

3) the last recital shall be replaced by the following recital:

‘The measures necessary for the implementation of this
Regulation should be adopted in accordance with Council
Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the
procedures
implementing powers
exercise of
conferred on the Commission (*);

the

for

(*) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23. Decision as amended by Decision

2006/512/EC (OJ L 200, 22.7.2006, p. 11).’

4) Article 1 is hereby amended as follows:

(a) paragraph 1 shall be replaced by the following:

6) Article 3 shall be replaced by the following:

‘Article 3

1. Without prejudice to Article 11, the common tech-
nical requirements and administrative procedures applicable
in the Community with regard to commercial transporta-
tion by aeroplane shall be those specified in Annex III.

2.
References made to Subpart M of Annex III or any of
its provisions shall refer to Part-M of Commission Regu-
lation (EC) No 2042/2003 of 20 November 2003 on the
and aeronautical
continuing airworthiness of
products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of
organisations and personnel involved in these tasks (**) or
its relevant provisions.

aircraft

(**) OJ L 315, 28.11.2003, p. 1.’;

7) Article 4(1) shall be replaced by the following:

‘1. With regard to the fields not covered by Annex III,
common technical requirements and administrative proce-
dures shall be adopted on the basis of Article 80(2) of the
Treaty. The Commission shall, where appropriate and as
soon as possible, submit suitable proposals in these fields.’;

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8) Article 6 shall be replaced by the following:

‘Article 6

The Commission and the other Member States shall be
informed of any exemptions granted repeatedly or for a
period of more than two months.

Aircraft operated under an authorisation granted by a
Member State in compliance with the common technical
requirements and administrative procedures may be oper-
ated under the same conditions in other Member States,
further technical requirements or evaluation by
without
those other Member States.’;

When the Commission and other Member States are
informed of exemptions granted by a Member State in
accordance with the second subparagraph, the Commission
shall examine whether the exemptions comply with the
safety objectives of this Regulation or any other relevant
rule of Community legislation.

9) Article 7 shall be replaced by the following:

‘Article 7

Member States shall recognise the certification granted
pursuant to this Regulation by another Member State or by
a body acting on its behalf, to bodies or persons placed
under its jurisdiction and under its authority, who are
concerned with the maintenance of products and the
operation of aircraft.’;

10) Article 8 shall be replaced by the following:

‘Article 8

The provisions of Articles 3 to 7 shall not prevent a
1.
Member State from reacting immediately to a safety
problem which involves a product, person or organisation
subject to this Regulation.

If the safety problem results from an inadequate level of
safety provided for by the common technical requirements
and administrative procedures, or shortcomings in these
the Member State shall
requirements and procedures,
immediately inform the Commission and the other
Member States of
the measures taken and the reasons
therefor.

continued application of

The Commission shall decide,
in accordance with the
procedure referred to in Article 12(2), whether an inade-
quate level of safety or a shortcoming in the common tech-
nical requirements and administrative procedures justifies
the
adopted
pursuant to the first subparagraph of this paragraph. In
such a case, the Commission shall also take the necessary
steps to amend the common technical requirements and
administrative procedures concerned in accordance with
Article 4 or Article 11. If the Member State's measures are
found not to be justified, it shall revoke the measures in
question.

the measures

2.
A Member State may grant exemptions from the tech-
nical requirements and administrative procedures specified
by this Regulation in the case of unforeseen urgent opera-
tional circumstances or operational needs of a limited dura-
tion.

If the Commission finds that the exemptions granted do
not comply with the safety objectives of this Regulation or
any other relevant rule of Community legislation, it shall
decide on safeguard measures in accordance with the proce-
dure referred to in Article 12a.

In such a case, the Member State concerned shall revoke
the exemption.

In cases where a safety level equivalent

to that
3.
the common technical
attained by the application of
requirements and administrative procedures set out
in
Annex III can be achieved by other means, Member States
may, without discrimination on grounds of the nationality
of the applicants and having regard to the need not to
distort competition, grant approval derogating from these
provisions.

In such cases the Member State concerned shall notify the
Commission of its intention to grant such approval, the
reasons therefor and the conditions laid down in order to
ensure that an equivalent level of safety is achieved.

The Commission shall, within a period of three months
following notification by a Member State, initiate the proce-
dure referred to in Article 12(2) in order to decide whether
the proposed approval of the measure can be granted.

In such a case, the Commission shall notify its decision to
all Member States, which shall be entitled to apply that
measure. The relevant provisions of Annex III may also be
amended to reflect such a measure.

Articles 6 and 7 shall apply to the measure in question.

4.
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3,
a Member State may adopt or maintain provisions relating to
OPS 1.1105 point 6, OPS 1.1110 points 1.3 and 1.4.1, OPS
1.1115, and OPS 1.1125 point 2.1 of Subpart Q in Annex III
until Community rules based on scientific knowledge and best
practices are established.

A Member State shall inform the Commission of the provi-
sions that it decides to maintain.

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For national provisions derogating from the OPS 1 provi-
sions referred to in the first subparagraph, which Member
States intend to adopt after the date of application of
Annex III, the Commission shall, within a period of three
months following the notification by a Member State,
initiate the procedure referred to in Article 12(2) in order
to decide whether these provisions comply with the safety
objectives of this Regulation and other rules of Community
law, and if they may be made applicable.

If so, the Commission shall notify its decision to approve
the measure to all Member States, which shall be entitled to
apply the measure. The relevant provisions of Annex III
may also be amended to reflect such a measure.

Articles 6 and 7 shall apply to the measure in question.’;

11) the following Article shall be inserted:

‘Article 8a

By 16 January 2009, the European Aviation Safety
1.
Agency shall conclude a scientific and medical evaluation
of the provisions of Subpart Q and, where relevant, of
Subpart O of Annex III.

2. Without prejudice to Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No
1592/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 15 July 2002 on common rules in the field of civil avia-
establishing
tion
Safety
and
Agency (*),
the European Aviation Safety Agency shall
assist the Commission in the preparation of proposals for
the modification of the applicable technical provisions of
Subpart O and Subpart Q of Annex III.

European Aviation

a

(*) OJ L 240, 7.9.2002, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1701/2003 (OJ L 243,
27.9.2003, p. 5).’;

12) Article 11(1) shall be replaced by the following:

‘1.
The Commission, following the procedure referred to
in Article 12(2), shall make the amendments necessitated
by scientific and technical progress to the common tech-
nical requirements and administrative procedures listed in
Annex III.’;

13) Article 12 shall be replaced by the following:

‘Article 12

The Commission shall be assisted by the Air Safety

1.
Committee, hereinafter referred to as the Committee.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 5
and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard
to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision
1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.

3.

The Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.’

14) the following Article shall be inserted:

‘Article 12a

Where reference is made to this Article,
the safeguard
procedure laid down in Article 6 of Decision 1999/468/EC
shall apply.

Before adopting its decision, the Commission shall consult
the Committee.

The period provided for
1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.

in Article 6(b) of Decision

When a Commission decision is referred to the Council by
a Member State, the Council, acting by a qualified majority,
may take a different decision within a period of
three
months.’;

15) the text appearing in the Annex to this Regulation shall be

added as Annex III.

Article 2

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day
following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the Euro-
pean Union.

Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 11 of Regulation
(EEC) No 3922/91, Annex III shall apply with effect
from
16 July 2008.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Strasbourg, 12 December 2006

For the European Parliament

The President

Josep BORRELL FONTELLES

For the Council

The President

Mauri PEKKARINEN

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ANNEX

‘ANNEX III

COMMON TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO COMMER-
CIAL TRANSPORTATION BY AIRCRAFT

OPS 1: COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORTATION (AEROPLANES)

SUBPART A

SUBPART B

SUBPART C

SUBPART D

SUBPART E

SUBPART F

SUBPART G

SUBPART H

SUBPART I

SUBPART J

SUBPART K

SUBPART L

SUBPART M

SUBPART N

SUBPART O

SUBPART P

SUBPART Q

SUBPART R

SUBPART S

CONTENTS

— Applicability and definitions

— General

— Operator certification and supervision

— Operational procedures

— All-weather operations

— Performance general

— Performance Class A

— Performance Class B

— Performance Class C

— Mass and balance

— Instruments and equipment

— Communication and navigation equipment

— Aeroplane maintenance

— Flight crew

— Cabin crew

— Manuals, logs and records

— Flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements

— Transport of dangerous goods by air

— Security

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SUBPART A

APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

OPS 1.001

Applicability

OPS Part 1 prescribes requirements applicable to the operation of any civil aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air
transportation by any operator whose principal place of business and, if any, registered office is in a Member State, here-
after called operator. OPS 1 does not apply:

(1) to aeroplanes when used in military, customs and police services; nor

(2) to parachute-dropping and fire-fighting flights, and to associated positioning and return flights in which the persons

carried are those who would normally be carried on parachute dropping or fire-fighting; nor

(3) to flights immediately before, during, or immediately after an aerial work activity provided these flights are connected
with that aerial work activity and in which, excluding crew members, no more than 6 persons indispensable to the
aerial work activity are carried.

OPS 1.003

Definitions

(a) For the purpose of this Annex:

(1) “accepted/acceptable” means not objected to by the Authority as suitable for the purpose intended.

(2) “approved (by the Authority)” means documented (by the Authority) as suitable for the purpose intended.

(3) “master minimum equipment list (MMEL)” means a master list (including a preamble) appropriate to an aircraft
type which determines those instruments, items of equipment or functions that, while maintaining the level of
safety intended in the applicable airworthiness certification specifications, may temporarily be inoperative either
due to the inherent redundancy of the design, and/or due to specified operational and maintenance procedures,
conditions and limitations, and in accordance with the applicable procedures for continued airworthiness.

(4) “minimum equipment list (MEL)” means a list (including a preamble) which provides for the operation of aircraft,
items of equipment or functions inoperative at the
under specified conditions, with particular instruments,
commencement of flight. This list is prepared by the operator for his own particular aircraft taking account of
their aircraft definition and the relevant operational and maintenance conditions in accordance with a procedure
approved by the Authority.

(b) Part M and Part 145 as referred to in this Annex are those of Regulation (EC) No 2042/2003 of 20 November 2003.

SUBPART B

GENERAL

OPS 1.005

General

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air transportation other than in accordance
with OPS Part 1. For operations of Performance Class B aeroplanes, alleviated requirements can be found in Appendix
1 to OPS 1.005(a).

(b) An operator shall comply with the applicable retroactive airworthiness requirements for aeroplanes operated for the

purpose of commercial air transportation.

(c) Each aeroplane shall be operated in compliance with the terms of its certificate of airworthiness and within the

approved limitations contained in its aeroplane flight manual.

(d) All synthetic training devices (STD), such as flight simulators or flight training devices (FTD), replacing an aeroplane
for training and/or checking purposes are to be qualified in accordance with the requirements applicable to synthetic
training devices. An operator intending to use such STD must obtain approval from the Authority.

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OPS 1.020

Laws, regulations and procedures — operator's responsibilities

An operator must ensure that:

(1) all employees are made aware that they shall comply with the laws, regulations and procedures of those States in

which operations are conducted and which are pertinent to the performance of their duties; and

(2) all crew members are familiar with the laws, regulations and procedures pertinent to the performance of their duties.

OPS 1.025

Common language

(a) An operator must ensure that all crew members can communicate in a common language.

(b) An operator must ensure that all operations personnel are able to understand the language in which those parts of

the operations manual which pertain to their duties and responsibilities are written.

OPS 1.030

Minimum equipment lists — operator's responsibilities

(a) An operator shall establish, for each aeroplane, a minimum equipment list (MEL) approved by the Authority. This
shall be based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant master minimum equipment list (MMEL) (if this exists)
accepted by the Authority.

(b) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane other than in accordance with the MEL unless permitted by the Authority.

Any such permission will in no circumstances permit operation outside the constraints of the MMEL.

OPS 1.035

Quality system

(a) An operator shall establish one quality system and designate one quality manager to monitor compliance with, and
adequacy of, procedures required to ensure safe operational practices and airworthy aeroplanes. Compliance moni-
toring must include a feed-back system to the accountable manager (See also OPS 1.175(h)) to ensure corrective
action as necessary.

(b) The quality system must include a quality assurance programme that contains procedures designed to verify that all

operations are being conducted in accordance with all applicable requirements, standards and procedures.

(c) The quality system and the quality manager must be acceptable to the Authority.

(d) The quality system must be described in relevant documentation.

(e) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a), the Authority may accept the nomination of two quality managers, one for opera-
tions and one for maintenance provided that the operator has designated one quality management unit to ensure that
the quality system is applied uniformly throughout the entire operation.

OPS 1.037

Accident prevention and flight safety programme

(a) An operator shall establish and maintain an accident prevention and flight safety programme, which may be inte-

grated with the quality system, including:

(1) programmes to achieve and maintain risk awareness by all persons involved in operations; and

(2) an occurrence-reporting scheme to enable the collation and assessment of relevant incident and accident reports
in order to identify adverse trends or to address deficiencies in the interests of flight safety. The scheme shall
protect the identity of the reporter and include the possibility that reports may be submitted anonymously; and

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(3) evaluation of relevant information relating to accidents and incidents and the promulgation of related information,

but not the attribution of blame; and

(4) a flight data monitoring programme for those aeroplanes in excess of 27 000 kg MCTOM. flight data monitoring
(FDM) is the pro-active use of digital flight data from routine operations to improve aviation safety. The flight
data monitoring programme shall be non-punitive and contain adequate safeguards to protect the source(s) of the
data; and

(5) the appointment of a person accountable for managing the programme.

(b) Proposals for corrective action resulting from the accident prevention and flight safety programme shall be the

responsibility of the person accountable for managing the programme.

(c) The effectiveness of changes resulting from proposals for corrective action identified by the accident and flight safety

programme shall be monitored by the quality manager.

OPS 1.040

Crew members

(a) An operator shall ensure that all operating flight and cabin crew members have been trained in, and are proficient to

perform, their assigned duties.

(b) Where there are crew members, other than cabin crew members, who carry out their duties in the passenger compart-

ment of an aeroplane, an operator shall ensure that these

(1) are not confused by the passengers with the cabin crew members;

(2) do not occupy required cabin crew assigned stations;

(3) do not impede the cabin crew members in their duties.

OPS 1.050

Search and rescue information

An operator shall ensure that essential information pertinent to the intended flight concerning search and rescue services
is easily accessible on the flight deck.

OPS 1.055

Information on emergency and survival equipment carried

An operator shall ensure that there are available for immediate communication to rescue coordination centres,
lists
containing information on the emergency and survival equipment carried on board all of his aeroplanes. The information
shall include, as applicable, the number, colour and type of life-rafts and pyrotechnics, details of emergency medical
supplies, water supplies and the type and frequencies of emergency portable radio equipment.

OPS 1.060

Ditching

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with an approved passenger seating configuration of more than 30 passengers
on overwater flights at a distance from land suitable for making an emergency landing, greater than 120 minutes at
cruising speed, or 400 nautical miles, whichever is the lesser, unless the aeroplane complies with the ditching require-
ments prescribed in the applicable airworthiness code.

OPS 1.065

Carriage of weapons of war and munitions of war

(a) An operator shall not transport weapons of war and munitions of war by air unless an approval to do so has been

granted by all States concerned.

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(b) An operator shall ensure that weapons of war and munitions of war are:

(1) stowed in the aeroplane in a place which is inaccessible to passengers during flight; and

(2) in the case of firearms, unloaded, unless, before the commencement of the flight, approval has been granted by all
States concerned that such weapons of war and munitions of war may be carried in circumstances that differ in
part or in total from those indicated in this subparagraph.

(c) An operator shall ensure that the commander is notified before a flight begins of the details and location on board

the aeroplane of any weapons of war and munitions of war intended to be carried.

OPS 1.070

Carriage of sporting weapons and ammunition

(a) An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that any sporting weapons intended to be carried by air are

reported to him.

(b) An operator accepting the carriage of sporting weapons shall ensure that they are:

(1) stowed in the aeroplane in a place which is inaccessible to passengers during flight unless the Authority has deter-

mined that compliance is impracticable and has accepted that other procedures might apply; and

(2) in the case of firearms or other weapons that can contain ammunition, unloaded.

(c) Ammunition for sporting weapons may be carried in passengers' checked baggage, subject to certain limitations, in

accordance with the Technical Instructions (see OPS 1.1160(b)(5)) as defined in OPS 1.1150(a)(15).

OPS 1.075

Method of carriage of persons

An operator shall take all measures to ensure that no person is in any part of an aeroplane in flight which is not a part
designed for the accommodation of persons unless temporary access has been granted by the commander to any part of
the aeroplane:

(1) for the purpose of taking action necessary for the safety of the aeroplane or of any person, animal or goods therein;

or

(2) in which cargo or stores are carried, being a part which is designed to enable a person to have access thereto while

the aeroplane is in flight.

OPS 1.080

Offering dangerous goods for transport by air

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that no person offers or accepts dangerous goods for transport
by air unless the person has been trained and the goods are properly classified, documented, certificated, described, pack-
aged, marked, labelled and in a fit condition for transport as required by the technical instructions and relevant Com-
munity legislation.

OPS 1.085

Crew responsibilities

(a) A crew member shall be responsible for the proper execution of his/her duties that:

(1) are related to the safety of the aeroplane and its occupants; and

(2) are specified in the instructions and procedures laid down in the operations manual.

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(b) A crew member shall:

(1) report to the commander any fault, failure, malfunction or defect which he/she believes may affect the airworthi-

ness or safe operation of the aeroplane including emergency systems.

(2) report to the commander any incident that endangered, or could have endangered, the safety of operation;

(3) make use of the operator's occurrence reporting schemes in accordance with OPS 1.037(a)(2). In all such cases, a

copy of the report(s) shall be communicated to the commander concerned.

(c) Nothing in paragraph (b) shall oblige a crew member to report an occurrence which has already been reported by

another crew member.

(d) A crew member shall not perform duties on an aeroplane:

(1) while under the influence of any drug that may affect his/her faculties in a manner contrary to safety;

(2) following deep-sea diving except when a reasonable time period has elapsed;

(3) following blood donation except when a reasonable time period has elapsed;

(4) if applicable medical requirements are not fulfilled, or if he/she is in any doubt of being able to accomplish his/her

assigned duties; or

(5) if he/she knows or suspects that he/she is suffering from fatigue, or feels unfit to the extent that the flight may be

endangered.

(e) A crew member shall be subject to appropriate requirements on the consumption of alcohol which shall be estab-
lished by the operator and acceptable by the Authority, and which shall not be less restrictive than the following:

(1) no alcohol shall be consumed less than eight hours prior to the specified reporting time for flight duty or the

commencement of standby;

(2) the blood alcohol level shall not exceed 0,2 promille at the start of a flight duty period;

(3) no alcohol shall be consumed during the flight duty period or whilst on standby.

(f) The commander shall:

(1) be responsible for the safety of all crew members, passengers and cargo on board, as soon as he/she arrives on

board, until he/she leaves the aeroplane at the end of the flight;

(2) be responsible for the operation and safety of the aeroplane from the moment the aeroplane is first ready to
move for the purpose of taxiing prior to take-off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the
flight and the engine(s) used as primary propulsion units are shut down;

(3) have authority to give all commands he/she deems necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of the aero-

plane and of persons or property carried therein;

(4) have authority to disembark any person, or any part of the cargo, which, in his/her opinion, may represent a

potential hazard to the safety of the aeroplane or its occupants;

(5) not allow a person to be carried in the aeroplane who appears to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs to

the extent that the safety of the aeroplane or its occupants is likely to be endangered;

(6) have the right to refuse transportation of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody if their

carriage poses any risk to the safety of the aeroplane or its occupants;

(7) ensure that all passengers are briefed on the location of emergency exits and the location and use of relevant

safety and emergency equipment;

(8) ensure that all operational procedures and check lists are complied with in accordance with the operations

manual;

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(9) not permit any crew member to perform any activity during take-off, initial climb, final approach and landing

except those duties required for the safe operation of the aeroplane;

(10) not permit:

(i) a flight data recorder to be disabled, switched off or erased during flight nor permit recorded data to be

erased after flight in the event of an accident or an incident subject to mandatory reporting;

(ii) a cockpit voice recorder to be disabled or switched off during flight unless he/she believes that the recorded
data, which otherwise would be erased automatically, should be preserved for incident or accident investiga-
tion nor permit recorded data to be manually erased during or after flight in the event of an accident or an
incident subject to mandatory reporting;

(11) decide whether or not to accept an aeroplane with unserviceabilities allowed by the CDL or MEL; and

(12) ensure that the pre-flight inspection has been carried out.

(g) The commander shall, in an emergency situation that requires immediate decision and action, take any action he/she
considers necessary under the circumstances. In such cases he/she may deviate from rules, operational procedures and
methods in the interest of safety.

OPS 1.090

Authority of the commander

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that all persons carried in the aeroplane obey all
lawful
commands given by the commander for the purpose of securing the safety of the aeroplane and of persons or property
carried therein.

OPS 1.095

Authority to taxi an aeroplane

An operator shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that an aeroplane in his charge is not taxied on the movement area
of an aerodrome by a person other than a flight crew member, unless that person, seated at the controls:

(1) has been duly authorised by the operator or a designated agent and is competent to;

(i) taxi the aeroplane;

(ii) use the radio telephone; and

(2) has received instruction in respect of aerodrome layout, routes, signs, marking, lights, air traffic control signals and
instructions, phraseology and procedures, and is able to conform to the operational standards required for safe aero-
plane movement at the aerodrome.

OPS 1.100

Admission to flight deck

(a) An operator must ensure that no person, other than a flight crew member assigned to a flight, is admitted to, or

carried in, the flight deck unless that person is:

(1) an operating crew member;

(2) a representative of the Authority responsible for certification, licensing or inspection if this is required for the

performance of his/her official duties; or

(3) permitted by, and carried in accordance with instructions contained in the operations manual.

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(b) The commander shall ensure that:

(1) in the interests of safety, admission to the flight deck does not cause distraction and/or interfere with the flight's

operation; and

(2) all persons carried on the flight deck are made familiar with the relevant safety procedures.

(c) The final decision regarding the admission to the flight deck shall be the responsibility of the commander.

OPS 1.105

Unauthorised carriage

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that no person secretes himself/herself or secretes cargo on
board an aeroplane.

OPS 1.110

Portable electronic devices

An operator shall not permit any person to use, and take all reasonable measures to ensure that no person does use, on
board an aeroplane a portable electronic device that can adversely affect the performance of the aeroplane's systems and
equipment.

OPS 1.115

Alcohol and drugs

An operator shall not permit any person to enter or be in, and take all reasonable measures to ensure that no person
enters or is in, an aeroplane when under the influence of alcohol or drugs to the extent that the safety of the aeroplane or
its occupants is likely to be endangered.

OPS 1.120

Endangering safety

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that no person recklessly or negligently acts or omits to act:

(1) so as to endanger an aeroplane or person therein;

(2) so as to cause or permit an aeroplane to endanger any person or property.

OPS 1.125

Documents to be carried

(a) An operator shall ensure that the following documents or copies thereof are carried on each flight:

(1) the certificate of registration;

(2) the certificate of airworthiness;

(3) the original or a copy of the noise certificate (if applicable), including an English translation, where one has been

provided by the Authority responsible for issuing the noise certificate;

(4) the original or a copy of the air operator certificate;

(5) the aircraft radio licence; and

(6) the original or a copy of the third party liability insurance certificate(s).

(b) Each flight crew member shall, on each flight, carry a valid flight crew licence with appropriate rating(s) for the

purpose of the flight.

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OPS 1.130

Manuals to be carried

An operator shall ensure that:

(1) the current parts of the operations manual relevant to the duties of the crew are carried on each flight;

(2) those parts of the operations manual which are required for the conduct of a flight are easily accessible to the crew

on board the aeroplane; and

(3) the current aeroplane flight manual is carried in the aeroplane unless the Authority has accepted that the operations

manual prescribed in OPS 1.1045, Appendix 1, Part B contains relevant information for that aeroplane.

OPS 1.135

Additional information and forms to be carried

(a) An operator shall ensure that, in addition to the documents and manuals prescribed in OPS 1.125 and OPS 1.130,

the following information and forms, relevant to the type and area of operation, are carried on each flight:

(1) operational flight plan containing at least the information required in OPS 1.1060;

(2) aeroplane technical log containing at least the information required in Part M, paragraph M. A. 306;

(3) details of the filed ATS flight plan;

(4) appropriate NOTAM/AIS briefing documentation;

(5) appropriate meteorological information;

(6) mass and balance documentation as specified in Subpart J;

(7) notification of special categories of passenger such as security personnel, if not considered as crew, handicapped

persons, inadmissible passengers, deportees and persons in custody;

(8) notification of special loads including dangerous goods including written information to the commander as

prescribed in OPS 1.1215(d);

(9) current maps and charts and associated documents as prescribed in OPS 1.290(b)(7);

(10) any other documentation which may be required by the States concerned with this flight, such as cargo manifest,

passenger manifest, etc; and

(11) forms to comply with the reporting requirements of the Authority and the operator.

(b) The Authority may permit the information detailed in subparagraph (a), or parts thereof, to be presented in a form

other than on printed paper. An acceptable standard of accessibility, usability and reliability must be assured.

OPS 1.140

Information retained on the ground

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

at least for the duration of each flight or series of flights;

(i) information relevant to the flight and appropriate for the type of operation is preserved on the ground; and

(ii) the information is retained until it has been duplicated at the place at which it will be stored in accordance with

OPS 1.1065; or, if this is impracticable,

(iii) the same information is carried in a fireproof container in the aeroplane.

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(b) the information referred to in subparagraph (a) above includes:

(1) a copy of the operational flight plan where appropriate;

(2) copies of the relevant part(s) of the aeroplane technical log;

(3) route-specific NOTAM documentation if specifically edited by the operator;

(4) mass and balance documentation if required (OPS 1.625 refers); and

(5) special loads notification.

OPS 1.145

Power to inspect

An operator shall ensure that any person authorised by the Authority is permitted at any time to board and fly in any
aeroplane operated in accordance with an AOC issued by that Authority and to enter and remain on the flight deck
provided that the commander may refuse access to the flight deck if, in his/her opinion, the safety of the aeroplane would
thereby be endangered.

OPS 1.150

Production of documentation and records

(a) An operator shall:

(1) give any person authorised by the Authority access to any documents and records which are related to flight

operations or maintenance; and

(2) produce all such documents and records, when requested to do so by the Authority, within a reasonable period of

time.

(b) The commander shall, within a reasonable time of being requested to do so by a person authorised by an Authority,

produce to that person the documentation required to be carried on board.

OPS 1.155

Preservation of documentation

An operator shall ensure that:

(1) any original documentation, or copies thereof, that he is required to preserve is preserved for the required retention

period even if he ceases to be the operator of the aeroplane; and

(2) where a crew member, in respect of whom an operator has kept flight duty, duty and rest period records, becomes a

crew member for another operator, that record is made available to the new operator.

OPS 1.160

Preservation, production and use of flight recorder recordings

(a) Preservation of recordings

(1) Following an accident, the operator of an aeroplane on which a flight recorder is carried shall, to the extent
possible, preserve the original recorded data pertaining to that accident, as retained by the recorder for a period of
60 days unless otherwise directed by the investigating authority.

(2) Unless prior permission has been granted by the Authority, following an incident that is subject to mandatory
reporting, the operator of an aeroplane on which a flight recorder is carried shall, to the extent possible, preserve
the original recorded data pertaining to that incident, as retained by the recorder for a period of 60 days unless
otherwise directed by the investigating authority.

(3) Additionally, when the Authority so directs, the operator of an aeroplane on which a flight recorder is carried
shall preserve the original recorded data for a period of 60 days unless otherwise directed by the investigating
authority.

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(4) When a flight data recorder is required to be carried aboard an aeroplane, the operator of that aeroplane shall:

(i) save the recordings for the period of operating time as required by OPS 1.715, 1.720 and 1.725 except that,
for the purpose of testing and maintaining flight data recorders, up to one hour of the oldest recorded mate-
rial at the time of testing may be erased; and

(ii) keep a document which presents the information necessary to retrieve and convert the stored data into engi-

neering units.

(b) Production of recordings

The operator of an aeroplane on which a flight recorder is carried shall, within a reasonable time after being requested
to do so by the Authority, produce any recording made by a flight recorder which is available or has been preserved.

(c) Use of recordings

(1) The cockpit voice recorder recordings may not be used for purposes other than for the investigation of an acci-

dent or incident subject to mandatory reporting except with the consent of all crew members concerned.

(2) The flight data recorder recordings may not be used for purposes other than for the investigation of an accident

or incident subject to mandatory reporting except when such records are:

(i) used by the operator for airworthiness or maintenance purposes only; or

(ii) deidentified; or

(iii) disclosed under secure procedures.

OPS 1.165

Leasing

(a) Terminology

Terms used in this paragraph have the following meaning:

(1) dry lease — is when the aeroplane is operated under the AOC of the lessee.

(2) wet lease — is when the aeroplane is operated under the AOC of the lessor.

(b) Leasing of aeroplanes between Community operators

(1) Wet lease-out. A Community operator providing an aeroplane and complete crew to another Community
operator, in accordance with Council Regulation (EEC) No 2407/92 of 23 July 1992 on licensing of air carriers ( 1),
and retaining all the functions and responsibilities prescribed in Subpart C, shall remain the operator of the aero-
plane.

(2) All leases except wet lease-out

(i) Except as provided by subparagraph (b)(1), a Community operator utilising an aeroplane from, or providing it
to, another Community operator, must obtain prior approval for the operation from his respective Authority.
Any conditions which are part of this approval must be included in the lease agreement.

(ii) Those elements of lease agreements which are approved by the Authority, other than lease agreements in
which an aeroplane and complete crew are involved and no transfer of functions and responsibilities is
intended, are all to be regarded, with respect to the leased aeroplane, as variations of the AOC under which
the flights will be operated.

(1) OJ L 240, 24.8.1992, p. 1.

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(c) Leasing of aeroplanes between a Community operator and any entity other than a Community operator:

(1) Dry lease-in

(i) A Community operator shall not dry lease-in an aeroplane from an entity other than another Community
operator, unless approved by the Authority. Any conditions which are part of this approval must be included
in the lease agreement.

(ii) A Community operator shall ensure that, with regard to aeroplanes that are dry leased-in, any differences from
the requirements prescribed in Subparts K, L, and/or OPS 1.005(b), are notified to and are acceptable to the
Authority.

(2) Wet lease-in

(i) A Community operator shall not wet lease-in an aeroplane from an entity other than another Community

operator without the approval of the Authority.

(ii) A Community operator shall ensure that, with regard to aeroplanes that are wet leased-in:

(A) the safety standards of the lessor with respect to maintenance and operation are equivalent to those estab-

lished by the present Regulation;

(B) the lessor is an operator holding an AOC issued by a State which is a signatory to the Chicago Conven-

tion:

(C) the aeroplane has a standard certificate of airworthiness issued in accordance with ICAO Annex 8. Stand-
ard certificates of airworthiness issued by a Member State other than the State responsible for issuing the
AOC, will be accepted without further showing when issued in accordance with Part 21; and

(D) any requirement made applicable by the lessee's Authority is complied with.

(3) Dry lease-out

A Community operator may dry lease-out an aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air transportation to any
operator of a State which is signatory to the Chicago Convention provided that the following conditions are met:

(A) the Authority exempted the operator from the relevant provisions of OPS Part 1 and, after the foreign regula-
tory authority has accepted responsibility in writing for surveillance of the maintenance and operation of the
aeroplane(s), has removed the aeroplane from its AOC; and

(B) the aeroplane is maintained according to an approved maintenance programme.

(4) Wet lease-out

A Community operator providing an aeroplane and complete crew to another entity, in accordance with Regu-
lation (EEC) No 2407/92, and retaining all the functions and responsibilities prescribed in Subpart C, shall remain
the operator of the aeroplane.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.005(a)

Operations of performance class B aeroplanes

(a) Terminology

(1) A to A operations — take-off and landing are made at the same place.

(2) A to B operations — take-off and landing are made at different places.

(3) Night — the hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such

other period between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

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(b) Operations, to which this Appendix is applicable, may be conducted in accordance with the following alleviations.

(1) OPS 1.035 quality system: in the case of a very small operator, the post of quality manager may be held by a
nominated postholder if external auditors are used. This applies also where the accountable manager is holding
one or several of the nominated posts.

(2) Reserved

(3) OPS 1.075 Methods of carriage of persons: not required for VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes.

(4) OPS 1.100 Admission to the flight deck

(i) An operator must establish rules for the carriage of passengers in a pilot seat.

(ii) The commander must ensure that:

(A) carriage of passengers in a pilot seat does not cause distraction and/or interference with the operation of

the flight; and

(B) the passenger occupying a pilot seat is made familiar with the relevant restrictions and safety procedures.

(5) OPS 1.105 Unauthorised carriage: not required for VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes.

(6) OPS 1.135 Additional information and forms to be carried

(i) For A to A VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes by day, the following documents need not be carried:

(A) operational flight plan;

(B) aeroplane technical log;

(C) NOTAM/AIS briefing documentation;

(D) meteorological information;

(E) notification of special categories of passengers, etc.; and

(F) notification of special loads including dangerous goods, etc.

(ii) For A to B VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes by day, notification of special categories of passengers

as described in OPS 1.135(a)(7) does not need to be carried.

(iii) For A to B VFR operations by day, the operational flight plan may be in a simplified form and must meet

the needs of the type of operation.

(7) OPS 1.215 Use of air traffic services: for VFR operations of single-engine aeroplanes by day, non-mandatory
contact with ATS shall be maintained to the extent appropriate to the nature of the operation. Search and rescue
services must be ensured in accordance with OPS 1.300.

(8) OPS 1.225 Aerodrome operating minima: for VFR operations, the standard VFR operating minima will normally
cover this requirement. Where necessary, the operator shall specify additional requirements taking into account
such factors as radio coverage, terrain, nature of sites for take-off and landing, flight conditions and ATS capacity

(9) OPS 1.235 Noise abatement procedures: not applicable to VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes.

(10) OPS 1.240 Routes and areas of operation

Subparagraph (a)(1) is not applicable to A to A VFR operations of single-engine aeroplanes by day.

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(11) OPS 1.250 Establishment of minimum flight altitudes

For VFR operations by day, this requirement is applicable as follows. An operator shall ensure that operations are
only conducted along such routes or within such areas for which a safe terrain clearance can be maintained and
shall take account of such factors as temperature, terrain, unfavourable meteorological conditions (e.g. severe
turbulence and descending air currents, corrections for temperature and pressure variations from standard
values).

(12) OPS 1.255 Fuel policy

(i) For A to A flights — an operator shall specify the minimum fuel contents at which a flight must end. This
minimum, final reserve fuel must not be less than the amount needed to fly for a period of 45 minutes.

(ii) For A to B flights — an operator shall ensure that the pre-flight calculation of usable fuel required for a

flight includes:

(A) taxi fuel — fuel consumed before take-off, if significant; and

(B) trip fuel (fuel to reach the destination); and

(C) reserve fuel —

(1) contingency fuel —

fuel that is not less than 5 % of the planned trip fuel or, in the event of in-flight replanning, 5 % of
the trip fuel for the remainder of the flight; and

(2) final reserve fuel —

fuel to fly for an additional period of 45 minutes (piston engines) or 30 minutes (turbine engines);
and

(D) alternate fuel —

fuel to reach the destination alternate via the destination, if a destination alternate is required; and

(E) extra fuel —

fuel that the commander may require in addition to that required under subparagraphs (A) to (D).

(13) OPS 1.265 Carriage of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody: for VFR operations of single
engine aeroplanes and where it is not intended to carry inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in
custody, an operator is not required to establish procedures for the carriage of such passengers.

(14) OPS 1.280 Passenger seating: not applicable to VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes.

(15) OPS 1.285 Passenger briefing: demonstration and briefing shall be given as appropriate to the kind of opera-
tions. In single pilot operations, the pilot may not be allocated tasks distracting him/her from his/her flying
duties.

(16) OPS 1.290 Flight preparation

(i) Operational flight plan for A to A operations — not required.

(ii) A to B operations under VFR by day — an operator shall ensure that a simplified form of an operational

flight plan which is relevant to the type of operation is completed for each flight.

(17) OPS 1.295 Selection of aerodromes:

Not applicable to VFR operations. The necessary instructions for the use of aerodromes and sites for take-off and
landing are to be issued with reference to OPS 1.220.

(18) OPS 1.310 Crew members at stations:

For VFR operations, instructions on this matter are required only where two pilot operations are conducted.

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(19) OPS 1.375 In-flight fuel management:

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.375 is not required to be applied to VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes by day.

(20) OPS 1.405 Commencement and continuation of approach

Not applicable to VFR operations.

(21) OPS 1.410 Operating procedures — threshold crossing height

Not applicable to VFR operations.

(22) OPS 1.430 to 1.460, including appendices

Not applicable to VFR operations.

(23) OPS 1.530 Take-off

(i) Subparagraph (a) applies with the following addition. The Authority may, on a case-by-case basis, accept
other performance data produced by the operator and based on demonstration and/or documented experi-
ence. Subparagraphs (b) and (c) apply with the following addition. Where the requirements of this paragraph
cannot be complied with due to physical limitations relating to extending the runway and there is a clear
public interest and necessity for the operation, the Authority may accept, on a case-by-case basis, other
performance data, not conflicting with the aeroplane flight manual relating to special procedures, produced
by the operator based on demonstration and/or documented experience.

(ii) An operator wishing to conduct operations according to subparagraph (i) must have the prior approval of

the Authority issuing the AOC. Such an approval will:

(A) specify the type of aeroplane;

(B) specify the type of operation;

(C) specify the aerodrome(s) and runways concerned;

(D) restrict the take-off to be conducted under VMC;

(E) specify the crew qualification, and

(F) be limited to aeroplanes where the first type certificate was first issued before 1 January 2005.

(iii) The operation must be accepted by the State in which the aerodrome is located.

(24) OPS 1.535 Take-off obstacle clearance — multi-engined aeroplanes

(i) Subparagraphs (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), (b)(2), (c)(1), (c)(2) and the Appendix are not applicable to VFR operations

by day.

(ii) For IFR or VFR operations by day, subparagraphs (b) and (c) apply with the following variations.

(A) Visual course guidance is considered available when the flight visibility is 1 500 m or more

(B) The maximum corridor width required is 300 m when flight visibility is 1 500 m or more.

(25) OPS 1.545 Landing — destination and alternate aerodromes:

(i) The paragraph applies with the following addition. Where the requirements of this paragraph cannot be
complied with due to physical
limitations relating to extending the runway and there is a clear public
interest and operational necessity for the operation, the Authority may accept, on a case-by-case basis, other
performance data, not conflicting with the aeroplane flight manual relating to special procedures, produced
by the operator based on demonstration and/or documented experience.

(ii) An operator wishing to conduct operations according to subparagraph (I) must have prior approval of the

Authority issuing the AOC. Such an approval will:

(A) specify the type of aeroplane;

(B) specify the type of operation;

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(C) specify the aerodrome(s) and runways concerned;

(D) restrict the final approach and landing to be conducted under VMC;

(E) specify the crew qualification; and

(F) be limited to aeroplanes where the type certificate was first issued before 1 January 2005.

(iii) The operation must be accepted by the State in which the aerodrome is located.

(26) OPS 1.550 Landing — dry runways

(i) The paragraph applies with the following addition. Where the requirements of this paragraph cannot be
limitations relating to extending the runway and there is a clear public
complied with due to physical
interest and operational necessity for the operation, the Authority may accept, on a case-by-case basis, other
performance data, not conflicting with the aeroplane flight manual relating to special procedures, produced
by the operator based on demonstration and/or documented experience.

(ii) An operator wishing to conduct operations according to subparagraph (i) must have prior approval of the

Authority issuing the AOC. Such an approval will:

(A) specify the type of aeroplane;

(B) specify the type of operation;

(C) specify the aerodrome(s) and runways concerned;

(D) restrict the final approach and landing to be conducted under VMC;

(E) specify the crew qualification; and

(F) be limited to aeroplanes where the first type certificate was issued before 1 January 2005.

(iii) The operation must be accepted by the State in which the aerodrome is located.

(27) Reserved

(28) OPS 1.650 Day VFR operations

Paragraph 1.650 is applicable with the following addition. Single-engine aeroplanes, first issued with an indivi-
dual certificate of airworthiness before 22 May 1995, may be exempted from the requirements of subparagraphs
(f), (g), (h) and (i) by the Authority if the fulfilment would require retrofitting.

(29) Part M, paragraph M.A.704, Continuing airworthiness management exposition

The continuing airworthiness management exposition may be adapted to the operation to be conducted.

(30) Part M, paragraph M. A. 306, Aeroplane technical log

The Authority may approve an abbreviated form of technical log system, relevant to the type of operation
conducted.

(31) OPS 1.940 Composition of flight crew

Subparagraphs (a)(2), (a)(4), and (b) are not applicable to VFR operations by day, except that (a)(4) must be
applied in full where two pilots are required by OPS 1.

(32) OPS 1.945 Conversion training and checking

(i) Subparagraph (a)(7) — line flying under supervision (LIFUS) may be performed on any aeroplane within the
applicable class. The amount of LIFUS required is dependent on the complexity of the operations to be
performed.

(ii) Subparagraph (a)(8) is not required.

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(33) OPS 1.955 Nomination as commander

Subparagraph (b) applies as follows. The Authority may accept an abbreviated command course relevant to the
type of operation conducted.

(34) OPS 1.960 Commanders holding a commercial pilot licence

Subparagraph (a)(1)(i) is not applicable to VFR operations by day.

(35) OPS 1.965 Recurrent training and checking

(i) Subparagraph (a)(1) shall be applied as follows for VFR operations by day. All training and checking shall be
relevant to the type of operation and class of aeroplane on which the flight crew member operates with due
account taken of any specialised equipment used.

(ii) Subparagraph (a)(3(ii) applies as follows. Training in the aeroplane may be conducted by a class rating exam-

iner (CRE), a flight examiner (FE) or a type rating examiner (TRE).

(iii) Subparagraph (a)(4)(i) applies as follows. Operator proficiency check may be conducted by a type rating
examiner (TRE), class rating examiner (CRE) or by a suitably qualified commander nominated by the
operator and acceptable to the Authority, trained in CRM concepts and the assessment of CRM skills.

(iv) Subparagraph (b)(2) shall be applicable as follows for VFR operations by day. In those cases where the opera-
tions are conducted during seasons not longer than eight consecutive months, one operator proficiency
check is sufficient. This proficiency check must be undertaken before commencing commercial air transport
operations.

(36) OPS 1.968 Pilot qualification for either pilot's seat

Appendix 1 is not applicable to VFR operations of single engine aeroplanes by day.

(37) OPS 1.975 Route and aerodrome competence

(i) For VFR operations by day, subparagraphs (b), (c) and (d) are not applicable, except that the operator shall
ensure that in the cases where a special approval by the state of the aerodrome is required, the associated
requirements are observed.

(ii) For IFR operations or VFR operations by night, as an alternative to subparagraphs (b) to (d), route and aero-

drome competence may be revalidated as follows:

(A) except for operations to the most demanding aerodromes, by completion of at least 10 sectors within

the area of operation during the preceding 12 months in addition to any required self briefing;

(B) operations to the most demanding aerodromes may be performed only if:

(1) the commander has been qualified at the aerodrome within the preceding 36 months by a visit as

an operating flight crew member or as an observer;

(2) the approach is performed in VMC from the applicable minimum sector altitude; and

(3) an adequate self briefing has been made prior to the flight.

(38) OPS 1.980 More than one type or variant

(i) Not applicable if operations are limited to single pilot classes of piston engine aeroplanes under VFR by day.

(ii) For IFR and VFR night operations, the requirement in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.980 subparagraph (d)(2)(i) for
500 hours in the relevant crew position before exercising the privileges of two licence endorsements is
reduced to 100 hours or sectors if one of the endorsements is related to a class. A check flight must be
completed before the pilot is released for duties as Commander.

(39) OPS 1.981 Operation of helicopters and aeroplanes

Subparagraph (a)(1) is not applicable if operations are limited to single pilot classes of piston engine aeroplanes.

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(40) Reserved

(41) OPS 1.1060 Operational flight plan

Not required for A to A VFR/day operations. For A to B VFR/day operations the requirement is applicable but
the flight plan may be in a simplified form relevant to the kind of operations conducted. (cf. OPS 1.135).

(42) OPS 1.1070 Continuing airworthiness management exposition

The continuing airworthiness management exposition may be adapted to the operation to be conducted.

(43) OPS 1.1071 Aeroplane technical log

Applicable as indicated for Part M, paragraph M. A. 306.

(44) Reserved

(45) Reserved

(46) OPS 1.1240 Training programmes

The training programmes shall be adapted to the kind of operations performed. A self-study training programme
may be acceptable for VFR operations.

(47) OPS 1.1250 Aeroplane search procedure checklist

Not applicable for VFR operations by day.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.125.

Documents to be carried:

see OPS 1.125.

In case of loss or theft of documents specified in OPS 1.125, the operation is allowed to continue until the
flight reaches the base or a place where a replacement document can be provided.

SUBPART C

OPERATOR CERTIFICATION AND SUPERVISION

OPS 1.175

General rules for air operator certification

Note 1: Appendix 1 to this paragraph specifies the contents and conditions of the AOC.

Note 2: Appendix 2 to this paragraph specifies the management and organisation requirements.

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air transportation otherwise than under,

and in accordance with, the terms and conditions of an air operator certificate (AOC).

(b) An applicant for an AOC, or variation of an AOC, shall allow the Authority to examine all safety aspects of the

proposed operation.

(c) An applicant for an AOC must:

(1) not hold an AOC issued by another Authority unless specifically approved by the Authorities concerned;

(2) have his principal place of business and, if any, his registered office located in the State responsible for issuing the

AOC;

(3) satisfy the Authority that he is able to conduct safe operations.

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(d)

If an operator has aeroplanes registered in different Member States, appropriate arrangements shall be made to ensure
appropriate safety oversight.

(e) An operator shall grant the Authority access to his organisation and aeroplanes and shall ensure that, with respect to
maintenance, access is granted to any associated Part–145 maintenance organisation, to determine continued compli-
ance with OPS 1.

(f) An AOC will be varied, suspended or revoked if the Authority is no longer satisfied that the operator can maintain

safe operations.

(g) The operator must satisfy the Authority that:

(1) its organisation and management are suitable and properly matched to the scale and scope of the operation; and

(2) procedures for the supervision of operations have been defined.

(h) The operator must have nominated an accountable manager acceptable to the Authority who has corporate authority
for ensuring that all operations and maintenance activities can be financed and carried out to the standard required
by the Authority.

(i)

The operator must have nominated post holders, acceptable to the Authority, who are responsible for the manage-
ment and supervision of the following areas:

(1) flight operations;

(2) the maintenance system;

(3) crew training; and

(4) ground operations.

(j) A person may hold more than one of the nominated posts if acceptable to the Authority but, for operators who
employ 21 or more full time staff, a minimum of two persons are required to cover the four areas of responsibility.

(k) For operators who employ 20 or less full-time staff, one or more of the nominated posts may be filled by the

accountable manager if acceptable to the Authority.

(l)

The operator must ensure that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual.

(m) The operator must arrange appropriate ground handling facilities to ensure the safe handling of its flights.

(n) The operator must ensure that its aeroplanes are equipped and its crews are qualified, as required for the area and

type of operation.

(o) The operator must comply with the maintenance requirements, in accordance with Part M, for all aeroplanes operated

under the terms of its AOC.

(p) The operator must provide the Authority with a copy of the operations manual, as specified in Subpart P and all

amendments or revisions to it.

(q) The operator must maintain operational support facilities at the main operating base, appropriate for the area and

type of operation.

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OPS 1.180

Issue, variation and continued validity of an AOC

(a) An operator will not be granted an AOC, or a variation to an AOC, and that AOC will not remain valid unless:

(1) aeroplanes operated have a standard certificate of airworthiness issued in accordance with Commission Regulation
(EC) No 1702/2003 of 24 September 2003 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environ-
mental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design
and production organisations (1) by a Member State. Standard certificates of airworthiness issued by a Member
State other than the State responsible for issuing the AOC will be accepted without further showing when issued
in accordance with Part 21;

(2) the maintenance system has been approved by the Authority in accordance with Part M, Subpart G; and

(3) he has satisfied the Authority that he has the ability to:

(i) establish and maintain an adequate organisation;

(ii) establish and maintain a quality system in accordance with OPS 1.035;

(iii) comply with required training programmes;

(iv) comply with maintenance requirements, consistent with the nature and extent of the operations specified,

including the relevant items prescribed in OPS 1.175(g) to (o); and

(v) comply with OPS 1.175.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of OPS 1.185(f), the operator must notify the Authority as soon as practicable of any

changes to the information submitted in accordance with OPS 1.185(a) below.

(c)

If the Authority is not satisfied that the requirements of subparagraph (a) above have been met, the Authority may
require the conduct of one or more demonstration flights, operated as if they were commercial air transport flights.

OPS 1.185

Administrative requirements

(a) An operator shall ensure that the following information is included in the initial application for an AOC and, when

applicable, any variation or renewal applied for:

(1) the official name and business name, address and mailing address of the applicant;

(2) a description of the proposed operation;

(3) a description of the management organisation;

(4) the name of the accountable manager;

(5) the names of major post holders, including those responsible for flight operations, the maintenance system, crew

training and ground operations together with their qualifications and experience; and

(6) the operations manual.

(b) In respect of the operator's maintenance system only, the following information must be included in the initial appli-
cation for an AOC and, when applicable, any variation or renewal applied for, and for each aeroplane type to be oper-
ated:

(1) the operator's continuing airworthiness management exposition;

(2) the operator's aeroplane maintenance programme(s);

(3) the aeroplane technical log;

(4) where appropriate, the technical specification(s) of the maintenance contract(s) between the operator and any

Part–145 approved maintenance organisation;

(5) the number of aeroplanes.

(1) OJ L 243, 27.9.2003, p. 6.

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(c) The application for an initial issue of an AOC must be submitted at least 90 days before the date of intended opera-
tion except that the operations manual may be submitted later but not less than 60 days before the date of intended
operation.

(d) The application for the variation of an AOC must be submitted at least 30 days, or as otherwise agreed, before the

date of intended operation.

(e) The application for the renewal of an AOC must be submitted at least 30 days, or as otherwise agreed, before the end

of the existing period of validity.

(f) Other than in exceptional circumstances, the Authority must be given at least 10 days prior notice of a proposed

change of a nominated post holder.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.175

Contents and conditions of the air operator certificate

An AOC specifies the:

(a) name and location (principal place of business) of the operator;

(b) date of issue and period of validity;

(c) description of the type of operations authorised;

(d) type(s) of aeroplane(s) authorised for use;

(e) registration markings of the authorised aeroplane(s) except that operators may obtain approval for a system to inform

the Authority about the registration markings for aeroplanes operated under its AOC;

(f) authorised areas of operation;

(g) special limitations; and

(h) special authorisations/approvals e.g.:

— CAT II/CAT III (including approved minima)

— (MNPS) Minimum navigation performance specifications

— (ETOPS) Extended range operation twin-Engined aeroplanes

— (RNAV) Area navigation

— (RVSM) Reduced vertical separation minima

— Transportation of dangerous goods.

— Authorisation to provide cabin crew initial safety training and, if applicable, to issue the attestation provided for in

Subpart O, for those operators who provide such training directly or indirectly.

Appendix 2 to OPS 1.175

The management and organisation of an AOC holder

(a) General

An operator must have a sound and effective management structure in order to ensure the safe conduct of air opera-
tions. Nominated post holders must have managerial competency together with appropriate technical/operational
qualifications in aviation.

(b) Nominated post holders

(1) A description of the functions and the responsibilities of the nominated post holders, including their names, must
be contained in the operations manual and the Authority must be given notice in writing of any intended or
actual change in appointments or functions.

(2) The operator must make arrangements to ensure continuity of supervision in the absence of nominated post

holders.

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(3) A person nominated as a post holder by the holder of an AOC must not be nominated as a post holder by the

holder of any other AOC, unless acceptable to the Authorities concerned.

(4) Persons nominated as post holders must be contracted to work sufficient hours to fulfil the management functions

associated with the scale and scope of the operation.

(c) Adequacy and supervision of staff

(1) Crew members. The operator must employ sufficient flight and cabin crew for the planned operation, trained and

checked in accordance with Subpart N and Subpart O as appropriate.

(2) Ground Staff

(i) The number of ground staff is dependent upon the nature and the scale of operations. Operations and ground
handling departments, in particular, must be staffed by trained personnel who have a thorough understanding
of their responsibilities within the organisation.

(ii) An operator contracting other organisations to provide certain services retains responsibility for the mainte-
nance of proper standards. In such circumstances, a nominated post holder must be given the task of ensuring
that any contractor employed meets the required standards.

(3) Supervision

(i) The number of supervisors to be appointed is dependent upon the structure of the operator and the number

of staff employed.

(ii) The duties and responsibilities of these supervisors must be defined, and any flying commitments arranged so

that they can discharge their supervisory responsibilities.

(iii) The supervision of crew members and ground staff must be exercised by individuals possessing experience
and personal qualities sufficient to ensure the attainment of the standards specified in the operations manual.

(d) Accommodation facilities

(1) An operator must ensure that working space available at each operating base is sufficient for personnel pertaining
to the safety of flight operations. Consideration must be given to the needs of ground staff, those concerned with
operational control, the storage and display of essential records, and flight planning by crews.

(2) Office services must be capable, without delay, of distributing operational instructions and other information to

all concerned.

(e) Documentation

The operator must make arrangements for the production of manuals, amendments and other documentation.

SUBPART D

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

OPS 1.195

Operational control

An operator shall:

(a) establish and maintain a method of exercising operational control approved by the Authority; and

(b) exercise operational control over any flight operated under the terms of his AOC.

OPS 1.200

Operations manual

An operator shall provide an operations manual in accordance with Subpart P for the use and guidance of operations
personnel.

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OPS 1.205

Competence of operations personnel

An operator shall ensure that all personnel assigned to, or directly involved in, ground and flight operations are properly
instructed, have demonstrated their abilities in their particular duties and are aware of their responsibilities and the rela-
tionship of such duties to the operation as a whole.

OPS 1.210

Establishment of procedures

(a) An operator shall establish procedures and instructions, for each aeroplane type, containing ground staff and crew

members' duties for all types of operation on the ground and in flight.

(b) An operator shall establish a check-list system to be used by crew members for all phases of operation of the aero-
plane under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions as applicable, to ensure that the operating procedures in the
operations manual are followed.

(c) An operator shall not require a crew member to perform any activities during critical phases of the flight other than

those required for the safe operation of the aeroplane.

OPS 1.215

Use of air traffic services

An operator shall ensure that air traffic services are used for all flights whenever available.

OPS 1.216

In-flight operational instructions

An operator shall ensure that his in-flight operational instructions involving a change to the air traffic flight plan shall,
when practicable, be coordinated with the appropriate air traffic service unit before transmission to an aeroplane.

OPS 1.220

Authorisation of aerodromes by the operator

An operator shall only authorise use of aerodromes that are adequate for the type(s) of aeroplane and operation(s)
concerned.

OPS 1.225

Aerodrome operating minima

(a) An operator shall specify aerodrome operating minima, established in accordance with OPS 1.430 for each departure,

destination or alternate aerodrome authorised to be used in accordance with OPS 1.220.

(b) Any increment imposed by the Authority must be added to the minima specified in accordance with subparagraph (a)

above.

(c) The minima for a specific type of approach and landing procedure are considered applicable if:

(1) the ground equipment shown on the respective chart required for the intended procedure is operative;

(2) the aeroplane systems required for the type of approach are operative;

(3) the required aeroplane performance criteria are met; and

(4) crew is qualified accordingly.

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OPS 1.230

Instrument departure and approach procedures

(a) An operator shall ensure that instrument departure and approach procedures established by the State in which the

aerodrome is located are used.

(b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a), a commander may accept an ATC clearance to deviate from a published departure
or arrival route, provided obstacle clearance criteria are observed and full account is taken of the operating conditions.
The final approach must be flown visually or in accordance with the established instrument approach procedure.

(c) Different procedures to those required to be used in accordance with subparagraph (a) may only be implemented by
an operator provided they have been approved by the State in which the aerodrome is located, if required, and
accepted by the Authority.

OPS 1.235

Noise abatement procedures

(a) An operator shall establish operating procedures for noise abatement during instrument flight operations in compli-

ance with ICAO PANS OPS Volume 1 (Doc 8168–OPS/611).

(b) Take-off climb procedures for noise abatement specified by an operator for any one aeroplane type should be the

same for all aerodromes.

OPS 1.240

Routes and areas of operation

(a) An operator shall ensure that operations are only conducted along such routes or within such areas, for which:

(1) ground facilities and services, including meteorological services, are provided which are adequate for the planned

operation;

(2) the performance of the aeroplane intended to be used is adequate to comply with minimum flight altitude require-

ments;

(3) the equipment of the aeroplane intended to be used meets the minimum requirements for the planned operation;

(4) appropriate maps and charts are available (OPS 1.135(a)(9) refers);

(5) if two-engined aeroplanes are used, adequate aerodromes are available within the time/distance limitations of OPS

1.245;

(6) if single-engine aeroplanes are used, surfaces are available which permit a safe forced landing to be executed.

(b) An operator shall ensure that operations are conducted in accordance with any restriction on the routes or the areas

of operation, imposed by the Authority.

OPS 1.241

Operation in defined airspace with reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM)

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in defined portions of airspace where, based on regional air navigation agree-
ment, a vertical separation minimum of 300 m (1 000 ft) applies unless approved to do so by the Authority (RVSM
approval) (see also OPS 1.872).

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OPS 1.243

Operation in areas with specific navigation performance requirements

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in defined areas, or a defined portion of specified airspace, based on regional
air navigation agreements where minimum navigation performance specifications are prescribed unless approved to do so
by the Authority (MNPS/RNP/RNAV approval) (see also OPS 1.865 (c)(2) and OPS 1.870).

OPS 1.245

Maximum distance from an adequate aerodrome for two-engined aeroplanes without an ETOPS approval

(a) Unless specifically approved by the Authority in accordance with OPS 1.246(a) (ETOPS approval), an operator shall
not operate a two-engined aeroplane over a route which contains a point further from an adequate aerodrome than,
in the case of:

(1) performance Class A aeroplanes with either:

(i) a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of 20 or more; or

(ii) a maximum take-off mass of 45 360 kg or more,

the distance flown in 60 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed determined in accordance with
subparagraph (b);

(2) performance Class A aeroplanes with:

(i) a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of 19 or less; and

(ii) a maximum take-off mass less than 45 360 kg, the distance flown in 120 minutes or, if approved by the
Authority, up to 180 minutes for turbo-jet aeroplanes, at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed determined
in accordance with subparagraph (b);

(3) performance Class B or C aeroplanes:

(i) the distance flown in 120 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed determined in accordance with

subparagraph (b); or

(ii) 300 nautical miles, whichever is less.

(b) An operator shall determine a speed for the calculation of the maximum distance to an adequate aerodrome for each
two-engined aeroplane type or variant operated, not exceeding VMO, based upon the true airspeed that the aeroplane
can maintain with one-engine-inoperative under the following conditions:

(1) international standard atmosphere (ISA);

(2) level flight:

(i) for turbo-jet aeroplanes at:

(A) FL 170; or

(B) at the maximum flight level to which the aeroplane, with one engine inoperative, can climb, and maintain,

using the gross rate of climb specified in the AFM, whichever is less;

(ii) for propeller driven aeroplanes at:

(A) FL 80; or

(B) at the maximum flight level to which the aeroplane, with one engine inoperative, can climb, and maintain,

using the gross rate of climb specified in the AFM, whichever is less.

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(3) maximum continuous thrust or power on the remaining operating engine;

(4) an aeroplane mass not less than that resulting from:

(i) take-off at sea-level at maximum take-off mass; and

(ii) all engines climb to the optimum long range cruise altitude; and

(iii) all engines cruise at the long range cruise speed at this altitude, until the time elapsed since take-off is equal

to the applicable threshold prescribed in subparagraph (a).

(c) An operator must ensure that the following data, specific to each type or variant, is included in the operations

manual:

(1) the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed determined in accordance with subparagraph (b); and

(2) the maximum distance from an adequate aerodrome determined in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b).

Note: The speeds and altitudes (flight levels) specified above are only intended to be used for establishing the maximum

distance from an adequate aerodrome.

OPS 1.246

Extended range operations with two-engined aeroplanes (ETOPS)

(a) An operator shall not conduct operations beyond the threshold distance determined in accordance with OPS 1.245

unless approved to do so by the Authority (ETOPS approval).

(b) Prior to conducting an ETOPS flight, an operator shall ensure that a suitable ETOPS en-route alternate is available,
within either the approved diversion time, or a diversion time based on the MEL generated serviceability status of the
aeroplane, whichever is shorter (see also OPS 1.297(d)).

OPS 1.250

Establishment of minimum flight altitudes

(a) An operator shall establish minimum flight altitudes and the methods to determine those altitudes for all route
segments to be flown which provide the required terrain clearance taking into account the requirements of Subparts F
to I.

(b) Every method for establishing minimum flight altitudes must be approved by the Authority.

(c) Where minimum flight altitudes established by States overflown are higher than those established by the operator, the

higher values shall apply.

(d) An operator shall take into account the following factors when establishing minimum flight altitudes:

(1) the accuracy with which the position of the aeroplane can be determined;

(2) the probable inaccuracies in the indications of the altimeters used;

(3) the characteristics of the terrain (e.g. sudden changes in the elevation) along the routes or in the areas where

operations are to be conducted;

(4) the probability of encountering unfavourable meteorological conditions (e.g. severe turbulence and descending air

currents); and

(5) possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts.

(e)

In fulfilling the requirements prescribed in subparagraph (d) above due consideration shall be given to:

(1) corrections for temperature and pressure variations from standard values;

(2) the ATC requirements; and

(3) any foreseeable contingencies along the planned route.

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OPS 1.255

Fuel policy

(a) An operator must establish a fuel policy for the purpose of flight planning and in-flight replanning to ensure that
every flight carries sufficient fuel for the planned operation and reserves to cover deviations from the planned opera-
tion.

(b) An operator shall ensure that the planning of flights is at least based upon (1) and (2):

(1) procedures contained in the operations manual and data derived from:

(i) data provided by the aeroplane manufacturer; or

(ii) current aeroplane specific data derived from a fuel consumption monitoring system;

(2) the operating conditions under which the flight is to be conducted including:

(i) realistic aeroplane fuel consumption data;

(ii) anticipated masses;

(iii) expected meteorological conditions; and

(iv) air traffic services procedures and restrictions.

(c) An operator shall ensure that the pre-flight calculation of usable fuel required for a flight includes:

(1) taxi fuel;

(2) trip fuel;

(3) reserve fuel consisting of:

(i) contingency fuel;

(ii) alternate fuel, if a destination alternate is required. (This does not preclude selection of the departure aero-

drome as the destination alternate);

(iii) final reserve fuel; and

(iv) additional fuel, if required by the type of operation (e.g. ETOPS); and

(4) extra fuel if required by the commander.

(d) An operator shall ensure that in-flight replanning procedures for calculating usable fuel required when a flight has to

proceed along a route or to a destination other than originally planned includes:

(1) trip fuel for the remainder of the flight;

(2) reserve fuel consisting of:

(i) contingency fuel;

(ii) alternate fuel, if a destination alternate is required (This does not preclude selection of the departure aero-

drome as the destination alternate);

(iii) final reserve fuel; and

(iv) additional fuel, if required by the type of operation (e.g. ETOPS); and

(3) extra fuel if required by the commander.

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OPS 1.260

Carriage of persons with reduced mobility

(a) An operator shall establish procedures for the carriage of persons with reduced mobility (PRMs).

(b) An operator shall ensure that PRMs are not allocated, nor occupy, seats where their presence could:

(1) impede the crew in their duties;

(2) obstruct access to emergency equipment; or

(3) impede the emergency evacuation of the aeroplane.

(c) The commander must be notified when PRMs are to be carried on board.

OPS 1.265

Carriage of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody

An operator shall establish procedures for the transportation of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody
to ensure the safety of the aeroplane and its occupants. The commander must be notified when the abovementioned
persons are to be carried on board.

OPS 1.270

Stowage of baggage and cargo

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.270)

(a) An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that only such hand baggage is taken into the passenger cabin as can

be adequately and securely stowed.

(b) An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that all baggage and cargo on board, which might cause injury or

damage, or obstruct aisles and exits if displaced, is placed in stowages designed to prevent movement.

OPS 1.275

Intentionally blank

OPS 1.280

Passenger seating

An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that passengers are seated where, in the event that an emergency evacua-
tion is required, they may best assist and not hinder evacuation from the aeroplane.

OPS 1.285

Passenger briefing

An operator shall ensure that:

(a) general

(1) passengers are given a verbal briefing about safety matters. Parts or all of the briefing may be provided by an

audio-visual presentation;

(2) passengers are provided with a safety briefing card on which picture type instructions indicate the operation of

emergency equipment and exits likely to be used by passengers;

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(b) before take-off

(1) passengers are briefed on the following items if applicable:

(i) smoking regulations;

(ii) back of the seat to be in the upright position and tray table stowed;

(iii) location of emergency exits;

(iv) location and use of floor proximity escape path markings;

(v) stowage of hand baggage;

(vi) restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices; and

(vii) the location and the contents of the safety briefing card; and,

(2) passengers receive a demonstration of the following:

(i) the use of safety belts and/or safety harnesses, including how to fasten and unfasten the safety belts and/or

safety harnesses;

(ii) the location and use of oxygen equipment if required (OPS 1.770 and OPS 1.775 refer). Passengers must also

be briefed to extinguish all smoking materials when oxygen is being used; and

(iii) the location and use of life jackets if required (OPS 1.825 refers);

(c) after take-off

(1) passengers are reminded of the following if applicable:

(i) smoking regulations; and

(ii) use of safety belts and/or safety harnesses including the safety benefits of having safety belts fastened when

seated irrespective of seat belt sign illumination;

(d) before landing

(1) passengers are reminded of the following if applicable:

(i) smoking regulations;

(ii) use of safety belts and/or safety harnesses;

(iii) back of the seat to be in the upright position and tray table stowed;

(iv) re-stowage of hand baggage; and

(v) restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices;

(e) after landing

(1) passengers are reminded of the following:

(i) smoking regulations; and

(ii) use of safety belts and/or safety harnesses;

(f) in an emergency during flight, passengers are instructed in such emergency action as may be appropriate to the

circumstances.

OPS 1.290

Flight preparation

(a) An operator shall ensure that an operational flight plan is completed for each intended flight.

(b) The commander shall not commence a flight unless he/she is satisfied that:

(1) the aeroplane is airworthy;

(2) the aeroplane is not operated contrary to the provision of the configuration deviation list (CDL);

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(3) the instruments and equipment required for the flight to be conducted, in accordance with Subparts K and L,

are available;

(4) the instruments and equipment are in operable condition except as provided in the MEL;

(5) those parts of the operations manual which are required for the conduct of the flight are available;

(6) the documents, additional information and forms required to be available by OPS 1.125 and OPS 1.135 are on

board;

(7) current maps, charts and associated documentation or equivalent data are available to cover the intended opera-
tion of the aeroplane including any diversion which may reasonably be expected. This shall include any conver-
sion tables necessary to support operations where metric heights, altitudes and flight levels must be used;

(8) ground facilities and services required for the planned flight are available and adequate;

(9) the provisions specified in the operations manual in respect of fuel, oil and oxygen requirements, minimum safe
altitudes, aerodrome operating minima and availability of alternate aerodromes, where required, can be complied
with for the planned flight;

(10) the load is properly distributed and safely secured;

(11) the mass of the aeroplane, at the commencement of take-off roll, will be such that the flight can be conducted

in compliance with Subparts F to I as applicable; and

(12) any operational limitation in addition to those covered by subparagraphs (9) and (11) can be complied with.

OPS 1.295

Selection of aerodromes

(a) An operator shall establish procedures for the selection of destination and/or alternate aerodromes in accordance with

OPS 1.220 when planning a flight.

(b) An operator must select and specify in the operational flight plan a take-off alternate if it would not be possible to
return to the aerodrome of departure for meteorological or performance reasons. The take-off alternate shall be
located within:

(1) for two-engined aeroplanes, either:

(i) one hour flight time at a one-engine-inoperative cruising speed according to the AFM in still air standard

conditions based on the actual take-off mass; or

(ii) the operator's approved ETOPS diversion time, subject to any MEL restriction, up to a maximum of two
hours, at the one-engine-inoperative cruising speed according to the AFM in still air standard conditions based
on the actual take-off mass for aeroplanes and crews authorised for ETOPS; or

(2) two hours flight time at a one-engine-inoperative cruising speed according to the AFM in still air standard condi-

tions based on the actual take-off mass for three and four-engined aeroplanes; and

(3) if the AFM does not contain a one-engine-inoperative cruising speed, the speed to be used for calculation must be

that which is achieved with the remaining engine(s) set at maximum continuous power.

(c) An operator must select at least one destination alternate for each IFR flight unless:

(1) both:

(i) the duration of the planned flight from take-off to landing does not exceed six hours; and

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(ii) two separate runways are available and useable at the destination and the appropriate weather reports or fore-
casts for the destination aerodrome, or any combination thereof, indicate that for the period from one hour
before until one hour after the expected time of arrival at destination, the ceiling will be at least 2 000 ft or
circling height +500 ft, whichever is greater, and the visibility will be at least 5 km;

or

(2) the destination is isolated and no adequate destination alternate exists.

(d) An operator must select two destination alternates when:

(1) the appropriate weather reports or forecasts for the destination, or any combination thereof, indicate that during
a period commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the estimated time of arrival, the weather condi-
tions will be below the applicable planning minima; or

(2) no meteorological information is available.

(e) An operator shall specify any required alternate(s) in the operational flight plan.

OPS 1.297

Planning minima for IFR flights

(a) Planning minima for take-off alternates. An operator shall not select an aerodrome as a take-off alternate aerodrome
unless the appropriate weather reports or forecasts or any combination thereof
indicate that, during a period
commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the estimated time of arrival at the aerodrome, the weather
conditions will be at or above the applicable landing minima specified in accordance with OPS 1.225. The ceiling
must be taken into account when the only approaches available are non-precision and/or circling approaches. Any
limitation related to one-engine-inoperative operations must be taken into account.

(b) Planning minima for destination and destination alternate aerodromes. An operator shall only select the destination
aerodrome and/or destination alternate aerodrome(s) when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any
combination thereof, indicate that, during a period commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the esti-
mated time of arrival at the aerodrome, the weather conditions will be at or above the applicable planning minima as
follows:

(1) planning minima for a destination aerodrome except isolated destination aerodromes:

(i) RVR/visibility specified in accordance with OPS 1.225; and

(ii) for a non-precision approach or a circling approach, the ceiling at or above MDH; and

(2) planning minima for destination alternate aerodrome(s) and isolated destination aerodromes will be in accordance

with Table 1 below:

Table 1

Planning minima — En-route and destination alternates — Isolated destination aerodromes

Type of approach

Cat II and III

Planning Minima

Cat I (Note 1)

Cat I

Non-precision (Notes 1 & 2)

Non-precision

Non-precision (Notes 1 & 2) plus 200 ft/1 000 m

Circling

Circling (Notes 2 and 3)

Note 1: RVR.
Note 2: The ceiling must be at or above the MDH.
Note 3: Visibility

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(c) Planning minima for an en-route alternate aerodrome. An operator shall not select an aerodrome as an en-route alter-
nate aerodrome unless the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that, during
a period commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the expected time of arrival at the aerodrome, the
weather conditions will be at or above the planning minima in accordance with Table 1.

(d) Planning minima for an ETOPS en-route alternate. An operator shall not select an aerodrome as an ETOPS en-route
alternate aerodrome unless the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that,
during a period commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the expected time of arrival at the aero-
drome, the weather conditions will be at or above the planning minima prescribed in Table 2, and in accordance with
the operator's ETOPS approval.

Table 2

Planning minima — ETOPS

Type of Approach

Planning Minima

(RVR/visibility required and ceiling if applicable)

Aerodrome with

least

at
two separate approach proce-
dures based on two separate aids serving
two separate runways.

at least two separate approach procedures
based on two separate aids serving one
runway

or,

at least one approach procedure based on
one aid serving 1 runway

Precision Approach Cat II,III
(ILS, MLS)

Precision Approach Cat I Minima

Non-Precision Approach Minima

Precision Approach Cat
(ILS, MLS)

I

Non-Precision Approach Minima

Circling Minima or if not available, Non-
Precision Approach minima plus 200 ft/
1000 m

Non-precision Approach

The lower of Non-Precision Approach
minima plus 200 ft/1 000 m or circling
minima

The higher of circling minima or Non-
Precision Approach minima plus 200 ft/
1 000 m

Circling Approach

Circling minima

OPS 1.300

Submission of ATS Flight Plan

An operator shall ensure that a flight is not commenced unless an ATS flight plan has been submitted, or adequate infor-
mation has been deposited in order to permit alerting services to be activated if required.

OPS 1.305

Refuelling/defuelling with passengers embarking, on board or disembarking

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.305)

An operator shall ensure that no aeroplane is refuelled/defuelled with Avgas or wide cut type fuel (e.g. Jet-B or equivalent)
or when a mixture of these types of fuel might occur, when passengers are embarking, on board or disembarking. In all
other cases necessary precautions must be taken and the aeroplane must be properly manned by qualified personnel ready
to initiate and direct an evacuation of the aeroplane by the most practical and expeditious means available.

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OPS 1.307

Refuelling/defuelling with wide-cut fuel

An operator shall establish procedures for refuelling/defuelling with wide-cut fuel (e.g. Jet-B or equivalent) if this is
required.

OPS 1.308

Push back and towing

(a) The operator shall ensure that all push back and towing procedures comply with appropriate aviation standards and

procedures.

(b) The operator shall ensure that pre- or post-taxi positioning of the aeroplanes is not executed by towbarless towing

unless:

(1) an aeroplane is protected by its own design from damage to the nose wheel steering system due to towbarless

towing operation, or

(2) a system/procedure is provided to alert the flight crew that such damage may have or has occurred, or

(3) the towbarless towing vehicle is designed to prevent damage to the aeroplane type.

OPS 1.310

Crew members at stations

(a) Flight crew members

(1) During take-off and landing each flight crew member required to be on flight deck duty shall be at his/her

station.

(2) During all other phases of flight each flight crew member required to be on flight deck duty shall remain at his/
her station unless his/her absence is necessary for the performance of his/her duties in connection with the opera-
tion, or for physiological needs provided at least one suitably qualified pilot remains at the controls of the aero-
plane at all times.

(3) During all phases of flight each flight crew member required to be on flight deck duty shall remain alert. If a lack
of alertness is encountered, appropriate countermeasures shall be used. If unexpected fatigue is experienced a
controlled rest procedure, organised by the commander, can be used if workload permits. Controlled rest taken in
this way may never be considered to be part of a rest period for purposes of calculating flight time limitations
nor used to justify any duty period.

(b) Cabin crew members. On all the decks of the aeroplane that are occupied by passengers, required cabin crew

members shall be seated at their assigned stations during critical phases of flight.

OPS 1.315

Assisting means for emergency evacuation

An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that before taxiing, take-off and landing, and when safe and practicable
to do so, an assisting means for emergency evacuation that deploys automatically, is armed.

OPS 1.320

Seats, safety belts and harnesses

(a) Crew members

(1) During take-off and landing, and whenever deemed necessary by the commander in the interest of safety, each

crew member shall be properly secured by all safety belts and harnesses provided.

(2) During other phases of the flight each flight crew member on the flight deck shall keep his/her safety belt fastened

while at his/her station.

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(b) Passengers

(1) Before take-off and landing, and during taxiing, and whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety, the
commander shall ensure that each passenger on board occupies a seat or berth with his/her safety belt, or harness
where provided, properly secured.

(2) An operator shall make provision for, and the commander shall ensure that multiple occupancy of aeroplane seats
may only be allowed on specified seats and does not occur other than by one adult and one infant who is prop-
erly secured by a supplementary loop belt or other restraint device.

OPS 1.325

Securing of passenger cabin and galley(s)

(a) An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that before taxiing, take-off and landing all exits and escape paths are

unobstructed.

(b) The commander shall ensure that before take-off and landing, and whenever deemed necessary in the interest of

safety, all equipment and baggage is properly secured.

OPS 1.330

Accessibility of emergency equipment

The commander shall ensure that relevant emergency equipment remains easily accessible for immediate use.

OPS 1.335

Smoking on board

(a) The commander shall ensure that no person on board is allowed to smoke:

(1) whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety;

(2) while the aeroplane is on the ground unless specifically permitted in accordance with procedures defined in the

operations manual;

(3) outside designated smoking areas, in the aisle(s) and in the toilet(s);

(4) in cargo compartments and/or other areas where cargo is carried which is not stored in flame resistant containers

or covered by flame resistant canvas; and

(5) in those areas of the cabin where oxygen is being supplied.

OPS 1.340

Meteorological conditions

(a) On an IFR flight a commander shall not:

(1) commence take-off; nor

(2) continue beyond the point from which a revised flight plan applies in the event of in-flight replanning, unless
information is available indicating that the expected weather conditions at the destination and/or required alter-
nate aerodrome(s) prescribed in OPS 1.295 are at or above the planning minima, prescribed in OPS 1.297.

(b) On an IFR flight a commander shall not continue beyond:

(1) the decision point when using the decision point procedure; or

(2) the predetermined point when using the predetermined point procedure, unless information is available indicating
that the expected weather conditions at the destination and/or required alternate aerodrome(s) prescribed in OPS
1.295 are at or above the applicable aerodrome operating minima prescribed in OPS 1.225.

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(c) On an IFR flight, a commander shall not continue towards the planned destination aerodrome unless the latest infor-
mation available indicates that, at the expected time of arrival, the weather conditions at the destination, or at least
one destination alternate aerodrome, are at or above the planning applicable aerodrome operating minima.

(d) On a VFR flight a commander shall not commence take-off unless current meteorological reports or a combination
of current reports and forecasts indicate that the meteorological conditions along the route or that part of the route
to be flown under VFR will, at the appropriate time, be such as to render compliance with these rules possible.

OPS 1.345

Ice and other contaminants — ground procedures

(a) An operator shall establish procedures to be followed when ground de-icing and anti-icing and related inspections of

the aeroplane(s) are necessary.

(b) A commander shall not commence take-off unless the external surfaces are clear of any deposit which might adversely
affect the performance and/or controllability of the aeroplane except as permitted in the aeroplane flight manual.

OPS 1.346

Ice and other contaminants — flight procedures

(a) An operator shall establish procedures for flights in expected or actual icing conditions.

(b) A commander shall not commence a flight nor intentionally fly into expected or actual icing conditions unless the

aeroplane is certificated and equipped to cope with such conditions.

OPS 1.350

Fuel and oil supply

A commander shall not commence a flight unless he/she is satisfied that the aeroplane carries at least the planned
amount of fuel and oil to complete the flight safely, taking into account the expected operating conditions.

OPS 1.355

Take-off conditions

Before commencing take-off, a commander must satisfy himself/herself that, according to the information available to
him/her, the weather at the aerodrome and the condition of the runway intended to be used should not prevent a safe
take-off and departure.

OPS 1.360

Application of take-off minima

Before commencing take-off, a commander must satisfy himself/herself that the RVR or visibility in the take-off direction
of the aeroplane is equal to or better than the applicable minimum.

OPS 1.365

Minimum flight altitudes

The commander or the pilot to whom conduct of the flight has been delegated shall not fly below specified minimum
altitudes except when necessary for take-off or landing.

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OPS 1.370

Simulated abnormal situations in flight

An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that abnormal or emergency situations requiring the application of part
or all of abnormal or emergency procedures and simulation of IMC by artificial means are not simulated during commer-
cial air transportation flights.

OPS 1.375

In-flight fuel management

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.375)

(a) An operator shall establish a procedure to ensure that in-flight fuel checks and fuel management are carried out.

(b) A commander shall ensure that the amount of usable fuel remaining in flight is not less than the fuel required to

proceed to an aerodrome where a safe landing can be made, with final reserve fuel remaining.

(c) The commander shall declare an emergency when calculated usable fuel on landing is less than final reserve fuel.

OPS 1.380

Intentionally blank

OPS 1.385

Use of supplemental oxygen

A commander shall ensure that flight crew members engaged in performing duties essential to the safe operation of an
aeroplane in flight use supplemental oxygen continuously whenever cabin altitude exceeds 10 000 ft for a period in
excess of 30 minutes and whenever the cabin altitude exceeds 13 000 ft.

OPS 1.390

Cosmic radiation

(a) An operator shall take account of the in-flight exposure to cosmic radiation of all crew members while on duty
(including positioning) and shall take the following measures for those crew liable to be subject to exposure of more
than 1 mSv per year;

(1) assess their exposure;

(2) take into account the assessed exposure when organising working schedules with a view to reduce the doses of

highly exposed crew members;

(3) inform the crew members concerned of the health risks their work involves;

(4) ensure that the working schedules for female crew members, once they have notified the operator that they are
pregnant, keep the equivalent dose to the foetus as low as can reasonably be achieved and in any case ensure that
the dose does not exceed 1 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancy;

(5) ensure that individual records are kept for those crew members who are liable to high exposure. These exposures

are to be notified to the individual on an annual basis, and also upon leaving the operator.

(b)

(1) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane above 15 000m (49 000 ft) unless the equipment specified in OPS

1.680 is serviceable, or the procedure prescribed in OPS 1.680 is complied with.

(2) The commander or the pilot to whom conduct of the flight has been delegated shall initiate a descent as soon as
practicable when the limit values of cosmic radiation dose rate specified in the operations manual are exceeded.

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OPS 1.395

Ground proximity detection

When undue proximity to the ground is detected by any flight crew member or by a ground proximity warning system,
the commander or the pilot to whom conduct of the flight has been delegated shall ensure that corrective action is
initiated immediately to establish safe flight conditions.

OPS 1.398

Use of airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS)

An operator shall establish procedures to ensure that:

(a) when ACAS is installed and serviceable, it shall be used in flight in a mode that enables resolution advisories (RA) to

be produced unless to do so would not be appropriate for conditions existing at the time.

(b) When undue proximity to another aircraft (RA) is detected by ACAS, the commander or the pilot to whom conduct
of the flight has been delegated shall ensure that corrective action is initiated immediately to establish safe separation
unless the intruder has been visually identified and has been determined not to be a threat.

OPS 1.400

Approach and landing conditions

Before commencing an approach to land, the commander must satisfy himself/herself that, according to the information
available to him/her, the weather at the aerodrome and the condition of the runway intended to be used should not
prevent a safe approach, landing or missed approach, having regard to the performance information contained in the
operations manual.

OPS 1.405

Commencement and continuation of approach

(a) The commander or the pilot to whom conduct of the flight has been delegated may commence an instrument
approach regardless of the reported RVR/visibility but the approach shall not be continued beyond the outer marker,
or equivalent position, if the reported RVR/visibility is less than the applicable minima.

(b) Where RVR is not available, RVR values may be derived by converting the reported visibility in accordance with

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.430(h).

(c)

If, after passing the outer marker or equivalent position in accordance with (a) above, the reported RVR/visibility falls
below the applicable minimum, the approach may be continued to DA/H or MDA/H.

(d) Where no outer marker or equivalent position exists, the commander or the pilot to whom conduct of the flight has
been delegated shall make the decision to continue or abandon the approach before descending below 1 000 ft above
the aerodrome on the final approach segment. If the MDA/H is at or above 1 000 ft above the aerodrome, the
operator shall establish a height, for each approach procedure, below which the approach shall not be continued if
RVR/visibility is less than applicable minima.

(e) The approach may be continued below DA/H or MDA/H and the landing may be completed provided that the

required visual reference is established at the DA/H or MDA/H and is maintained.

(f) The touch-down zone RVR is always controlling. If reported and relevant, the mid point and stop end RVR are also
controlling. The minimum RVR value for the mid-point is 125 m or the RVR required for the touch-down zone if
less, and 75 m for the stop-end. For aeroplanes equipped with a roll-out guidance or control system, the minimum
RVR value for the mid-point is 75 m.

Note: “Relevant”, in this context, means that part of the runway used during the high-speed phase of the landing down to

a speed of approximately 60 knots.

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OPS 1.410

Operating procedures — threshold crossing height

An operator must establish operational procedures designed to ensure that an aeroplane being used to conduct precision
approaches crosses the threshold by a safe margin, with the aeroplane in the landing configuration and attitude.

OPS 1.415

Journey log

A commander shall ensure that the journey log is completed.

OPS 1.420

Occurrence reporting

(a) Terminology

(1) Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or

could affect the safety of operation.

(2) Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.

(3) Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any
person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all persons have disembarked, in which:

(i) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:

(A) being in the aircraft;

(B) direct contact with any part of the aircraft,

including parts which have become detached from the

aircraft; or

(C) direct exposure to jet blast; except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by
other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the
passengers and crew; or

(ii) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance
or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected
component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or
accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tyres, brakes, fairings, small dents or
puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or

(iii) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

(b) Incident reporting. An operator shall establish procedures for reporting incidents taking into account responsibilities

described below and circumstances described in subparagraph (d).

(1) OPS 1.085(b) specifies the responsibilities of crew members for reporting incidents that endangers, or could

endanger, the safety of operation.

(2) The commander or the operator of an aeroplane shall submit a report to the Authority of any incident that

endangers or could endangers the safety of operation.

(3) Reports must be despatched within 72 hours of the time when the incident was identified unless exceptional

circumstances prevent this.

(4) A commander shall ensure that all known or suspected technical defects and all exceedances of technical limita-
tions occurring while he/she was responsible for the flight are recorded in the aircraft technical log. If the defi-
ciency or exceedance of technical limitations endangers or could endanger the safety of operation, the commander
must in addition initiate the submission of a report to the Authority in accordance with paragraph (b)(2).

(5) In the case of incidents reported in accordance with subparagraph (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3), arising from, or relating
to, any failure, malfunction or defect in the aeroplane, its equipment or any item of ground support equipment or
which cause or might cause adverse effects on the continuing airworthiness of the aeroplane, the operator must
also inform the organisation responsible for the design or the supplier or, if applicable, the organisation respon-
sible for continued airworthiness, at the same time as a report is submitted to the Authority.

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(c) Accident and serious incident reporting

An operator shall establish procedures for reporting accidents and serious incidents taking into account responsibil-
ities described below and circumstances described in subparagraph (d).

(1) A commander shall notify the operator of any accident or serious incident occurring while he/she was responsible
for the flight. In the event that the commander is incapable of providing such notification, this task shall be
undertaken by any other member of the crew if they are able to do so, note being taken of the succession of
command specified by the operator.

(2) An operator shall ensure that the Authority in the State of the operator, the nearest appropriate Authority (if not
the Authority in the State of the operator), and any other organisation require by the State of the operator to be
informed, are notified by the quickest means available of any accident or serious incident and, in the case of acci-
dents only, at least before the aeroplane is moved unless exceptional circumstances prevent this.

(3) The commander or the operator of an aeroplane shall submit a report to the authority in the State of the operator

within 72 hours of the time when the accident or serious incident occurred.

(d) Specific reports

Occurrences for which specific notification and reporting methods must be used are described below.

(1) Air traffic incidents. A commander shall without delay notify the air traffic service unit concerned of the incident
and shall inform them of his/her intention to submit an air traffic incident report after the flight has ended when-
ever an aircraft in flight has been endangered by:

(i) a near collision with any other flying device;

(ii) faulty air traffic procedures or lack of compliance with applicable procedures by air traffic services or by the

flight crew;

(iii) failure of air traffic services facilities.

In addition, the commander shall notify the Authority of the incident.

(2) Airborne collision avoidance system resolution advisory. A commander shall notify the air traffic service unit
concerned and submit an ACAS report to the Authority whenever an aircraft in flight has manoeuvred in
response to an ACAS resolution advisory.

(3) Bird hazards and strikes

(i) A commander shall immediately inform the local air traffic service unit whenever a potential bird hazard is

observed.

(ii) If he/she is aware that a bird strike has occurred, a commander shall submit a written bird strike report after
landing to the Authority whenever an aircraft for which he/she is responsible suffers a bird strike that results
in significant damage to the aircraft or the loss or malfunction of any essential service. If the bird strike is
discovered when the commander is not available, the operator is responsible for submitting the report.

(4) In-flight emergencies with dangerous goods on board. If an in-flight emergency occurs and the situation permits,
a commander shall inform the appropriate air traffic service unit of any dangerous goods on board. After the
aircraft has landed, the commander shall, if the occurrence has been associated with and was related to the trans-
port of dangerous goods, comply also with the reporting requirements specified in OPS 1.1225.

(5) Unlawful interference. Following an act of unlawful interference on board an aircraft, the commander or, in his/
her absence, the operator shall submit a report, as soon as practicable to the local Authority and to the Authority
in the State of the operator (see also OPS 1.1245)

(6) Encountering potential hazardous conditions. A commander shall notify the appropriate air traffic services unit as
soon as practicable whenever a potentially hazardous condition such as an irregularity in a ground or navigational
facility, a meteorological phenomenon or a volcanic ash cloud is encountered during flight.

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OPS 1.425

Reserved

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.270

Stowage of baggage and cargo

Procedures established by an operator to ensure that hand baggage and cargo is adequately and securely stowed must take
account of the following:

(1) each item carried in a cabin must be stowed only in a location that is capable of restraining it;

(2) mass limitations placarded on or adjacent to stowages must not be exceeded;

(3) underseat stowages must not be used unless the seat is equipped with a restraint bar and the baggage is of such size

that it may adequately be restrained by this equipment;

(4) items must not be stowed in toilets or against bulkheads that are incapable of restraining articles against movement
forwards, sideways or upwards and unless the bulkheads carry a placard specifying the greatest mass that may be
placed there;

(5) baggage and cargo placed in lockers must not be of such size that they prevent latched doors from being closed

securely;

(6) baggage and cargo must not be placed where it can impede access to emergency equipment; and

(7) checks must be made before take-off, before landing, and whenever the fasten seat belts signs are illuminated or it is
otherwise so ordered to ensure that baggage is stowed where it cannot impede evacuation from the aircraft or cause
injury by falling (or other movement) as may be appropriate to the phase of flight.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.305

Re/defuelling with passengers embarking, on board or disembarking

An operator must establish operational procedures for re/defuelling with passengers embarking, on board or disembarking
to ensure the following precautions are taken:

(1) one qualified person must remain at a specified location during fuelling operations with passengers on board. This
qualified person must be capable of handling emergency procedures concerning fire protection and fire-fighting,
handling communications and initiating and directing an evacuation;

(2) a two-way communication shall be established and shall remain available by the aeroplane's inter-communication
system or other suitable means between the ground crew supervising the refuelling and the qualified personnel on
board the aeroplane;

(3) crew, staff and passengers must be warned that re/defuelling will take place;

(4) “Fasten seat belts” signs must be off;

(5) “No smoking” signs must be on, together with interior lighting to enable emergency exits to be identified;

(6) passengers must be instructed to unfasten their seat belts and refrain from smoking;

(7) sufficient qualified personnel must be on board and be prepared for an immediate emergency evacuation;

(8) if the presence of fuel vapour is detected inside the aeroplane, or any other hazard arises during re/defuelling, fuelling

must be stopped immediately;

(9) the ground area beneath the exits intended for emergency evacuation and slide deployment areas must be kept clear;

and

(10) provision is made for a safe and rapid evacuation.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.375

In-flight fuel management

(a)

In-flight fuel checks

(1) A commander must ensure that fuel checks are carried out in flight at regular intervals. The remaining fuel must

be recorded and evaluated to:

(i) compare actual consumption with planned consumption;

(ii) check that the remaining fuel is sufficient to complete the flight; and

(iii) determine the expected fuel remaining on arrival at the destination.

(2) The relevant fuel data must be recorded.

(b) In-flight fuel management.

(1) If, as a result of an in-flight fuel check, the calculated fuel remaining on arrival at the destination is less than the
required alternate fuel plus final reserve fuel, the commander must take into account the traffic and the opera-
tional conditions prevailing at the destination aerodrome, along the diversion route to an alternate aerodrome and
at the destination alternate aerodrome, in order to decide to proceed to the destination aerodrome or to divert, so
as to land with not less than final reserve fuel.

(2) On a flight to an isolated aerodrome:

the last possible point of diversion to any available en-route alternate aerodrome shall be determined. Before
reaching this point, the commander shall assess the fuel expected to remain overhead the isolated aerodrome, the
weather conditions, and the traffic and operational conditions prevailing at the isolated aerodrome and at any of
the en-route aerodromes before deciding whether to proceed to the isolated aerodrome or to divert to an en-route
aerodrome.

SUBPART E

ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS

OPS 1.430

Aerodrome operating minima — general

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.430)

(a) An operator shall establish, for each aerodrome planned to be used, aerodrome operating minima that are not lower
than the values given in Appendix 1. The method of determination of such minima must be acceptable to the
Authority. Such minima shall not be lower than any that may be established for such aerodromes by the State in
which the aerodrome is located, except when specifically approved by that State.

Note: The above paragraph does not prohibit in-flight calculation of minima for a non-planned alternate aerodrome if

carried out in accordance with an accepted method.

(b) In establishing the aerodrome operating minima which will apply to any particular operation, an operator must take

full account of:

(1) the type, performance and handling characteristics of the aeroplane;

(2) the composition of the flight crew, their competence and experience;

(3) the dimensions and characteristics of the runways which may be selected for use;

(4) the adequacy and performance of the available visual and non-visual ground aids;

(5) the equipment available on the aeroplane for the purpose of navigation and/or control of the flight path, as

appropriate, during the take-off, the approach, the flare, the landing, roll-out and the missed approach;

(6) the obstacles in the approach, missed approach and the climb-out areas required for the execution of contingency

procedures and necessary clearance;

(7) the obstacle clearance altitude/height for the instrument approach procedures; and

(8) the means to determine and report meteorological conditions.

(c) The aeroplane categories referred to in this subpart must be derived in accordance with the method given in Appendix

2 to OPS 1.430 (c).

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OPS 1.435

Terminology

Terms used in this subpart have the following meaning:

(1) Circling. The visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which

is not suitably located for a straight-in approach.

(2) Low visibility procedures (LVP). Procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuring safe operations

during Category II and III approaches and low visibility take-offs.

(3) Low visibility take-off (LVTO). A take-off where the runway visual range (RVR) is less than 400 m.

(4) Flight control system. A system which includes an automatic landing system and/or a hybrid landing system.

(5) Fail-passive flight control system. A flight control system is fail-passive if, in the event of a failure, there is no signifi-
cant out-of-trim condition or deviation of flight path or attitude but the landing is not completed automatically. For a
fail-passive automatic flight control system the pilot assumes control of the aeroplane after a failure.

(6) Fail-operational flight control system. A flight control system is fail-operational if, in the event of a failure below alert
height, the approach, flare and landing, can be completed automatically. In the event of a failure, the automatic
landing system will operate as a fail-passive system.

(7) Fail-operational hybrid landing system A system which consists of a primary fail-passive automatic landing system
and a secondary independent guidance system enabling the pilot to complete a landing manually after failure of the
primary system.

Note: A typical secondary independent guidance system consists of a monitored head-up display providing guidance
which normally takes the form of command information but it may alternatively be situation (or deviation)
information.

(8) Visual approach. An approach when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the

approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain.

OPS 1.440

Low visibility operations — general operating rules

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.440)

(a) An operator shall not conduct Category II or III operations unless:

(1) each aeroplane concerned is certificated for operations with decision heights below 200 ft, or no decision height,

and equipped in accordance with CS-AWO on all weather operations or an equivalent accepted by the Authority;

(2) a suitable system for recording approach and/or automatic landing success and failure is established and main-

tained to monitor the overall safety of the operation;

(3) the operations are approved by the Authority;

(4) the flight crew consists of at least two pilots; and

(5) decision height is determined by means of a radio altimeter.

(b) An operator shall not conduct low visibility take-offs in less than 150 m RVR(Category A, B and C aeroplanes) or

200 m RVR(Category D aeroplanes) unless approved by the Authority.

OPS 1.445

Low visibility operations — aerodrome considerations

(a) An operator shall not use an aerodrome for Category II or III operations unless the aerodrome is approved for such

operations by the State in which the aerodrome is located.

(b) An operator shall verify that low visibility procedures (LVP) have been established, and will be enforced, at those aero-

dromes where low visibility operations are to be conducted.

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OPS 1.450

Low visibility operations — training and qualifications

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.450)

An operator shall ensure that, prior to conducting low visibility take-off, Category II and III operations:

(1) each flight crew member:

(i) completes the training and checking requirements prescribed in Appendix 1 including flight simulator training in
operating to the limiting values of RVR and decision height appropriate to the operator's Category II/III approval;
and

(ii) is qualified in accordance with Appendix 1;

(2) the training and checking is conducted in accordance with a detailed syllabus approved by the Authority and included

in the operations manual. This training is in addition to that prescribed in Subpart N; and

(3) the flight crew qualification is specific to the operation and the aeroplane type.

OPS 1.455

Low visibility operations — operating Procedures

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.455)

(a) An operator must establish procedures and instructions to be used for low visibility take-off and Category II and III
operations. These procedures must be included in the operations manual and contain the duties of flight crew
members during taxiing, take-off, approach, flare, landing, roll-out and missed approach as appropriate.

(b) The commander shall satisfy himself/herself that:

(1) the status of the visual and non-visual facilities is sufficient prior to commencing a low visibility take-off or a

Category II or III approach;

(2) appropriate LVPs are in force according to information received from air traffic services, before commencing a

low visibility take-off or a Category II or III approach; and

(3) the flight crew members are properly qualified prior to commencing a low visibility take-off in an RVR of less
than 150 m (Category A, B and C aeroplanes) or 200 m (Cat D aeroplanes) or a Category II or III approach.

OPS 1.460

Low visibility operations — minimum equipment

(a) An operator must include in the operations manual the minimum equipment that has to be serviceable at the
commencement of a low visibility take-off or a Category II or III approach in accordance with the AFM or other
approved document.

(b) The commander shall satisfy himself/herself that the status of the aeroplane and of the relevant airborne systems is

appropriate for the specific operation to be conducted.

OPS 1.465

VFR operating minima

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.465)

An operator shall ensure that:

(1) VFR flights are conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules and in accordance with the Table in Appendix 1

to OPS 1.465.

(2) Special VFR flights are not commenced when the visibility is less than 3 km and not otherwise conducted when the

visibility is less than 1,5 km.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.430

Aerodrome operating minima

(a) Take-off minima

(1) General

(i) Take-off minima established by the operator must be expressed as visibility or RVR limits, taking into account
all relevant factors for each aerodrome planned to be used and the aeroplane characteristics. Where there is a
specific need to see and avoid obstacles on departure and/or for a forced landing, additional conditions (e.g.
ceiling) must be specified.

(ii) The commander shall not commence take-off unless the weather conditions at the aerodrome of departure
are equal to or better than applicable minima for landing at that aerodrome unless a suitable take-off alternate
aerodrome is available.

(iii) When the reported meteorological visibility is below that required for take-off and RVR is not reported, a
take-off may only be commenced if the commander can determine that the RVR/visibility along the take-off
runway is equal to or better than the required minimum.

(iv) When no reported meteorological visibility or RVR is available, a take-off may only be commenced if the
commander can determine that the RVR/visibility along the take-off runway is equal to or better than the
required minimum.

(2) Visual reference. The take-off minima must be selected to ensure sufficient guidance to control the aeroplane in
the event of both a discontinued take-off in adverse circumstances and a continued take-off after failure of the
critical power unit.

(3) Required RVR/visibility

(i) For multi-engined aeroplanes whose performance is such that, in the event of a critical power unit failure at
any point during take-off, the aeroplane can either stop or continue the take-off to a height of 1 500 ft
above the aerodrome while clearing obstacles by the required margins, the take-off minima established by an
operator must be expressed as RVR/visibility values not lower than those given in Table 1 below except as
provided in paragraph (4):

Table 1

RVR/Visibility for take-off

Take-off RVR/Visibility

Facilities

Nil (Day only)

Runway edge lighting and/or centreline marking

Runway edge and centreline lighting

Runway edge and centreline lighting and multiple RVR information

RVR/Visibility
(Note 3)

500 m

250/300 m
(Notes 1 & 2)

200/250 m
(Note 1)

150/200 m
(Notes 1 & 4)

Note 1: The higher values apply to Category D aeroplanes.
Note 2: For night operations at least runway edge and runway end lights are required.
Note 3: The reported RVR/Visibility value representative of the initial part of the take-off run can be replaced by pilot assess-

ment.

Note 4: The required RVR value must be achieved for all of the relevant RVR reporting points with the exception given in

Note 3.

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(ii) For multi-engined aeroplanes whose performance is such that they cannot comply with the performance
conditions in subparagraph (a)(3)(i) in the event of a critical power unit failure, there may be a need to re-
land immediately and to see and avoid obstacles in the take-off area. Such aeroplanes may be operated to the
following take-off minima provided they are able to comply with the applicable obstacle clearance criteria,
assuming engine failure at the height specified. The take-off minima established by an operator must be based
upon the height from which the one engine inoperative net take-off flight path can be constructed. The RVR
minima used may not be lower than either of the values given in Table 1 or Table 2.

Table 2

Assumed engine failure height above the runway versus RVR/Visibility

Take-off RVR/Visibility — flight path

Assumed engine failure height above the take-off runway

< 50 ft

51 — 100 ft

101 — 150 ft

151 — 200 ft

201 — 300 ft

> 300 ft

RVR/Visibility
(Note 2)

200 m

300 m

400 m

500 m

1 000 m

1 500 m
(Note 1)

Note 1: 1 500 m is also applicable if no positive take-off flight path can be constructed.
Note 2: The reported RVR/Visibility value representative of the initial part of the take-off run can be replaced by pilot assess-

ment.

(iii) When reported RVR, or meteorological visibility is not available, the commander shall not commence take-

off unless he/she can determine that the actual conditions satisfy the applicable take-off minima.

(4) Exceptions to paragraph (a)(3)(i):

(i) subject to the approval of the Authority, and provided the requirements in paragraphs (A) to (E) have been
satisfied, an operator may reduce the take-off minima to 125 m RVR (Category A, B and C aeroplanes) or
150 m RVR (Category D aeroplanes) when:

(A) low visibility procedures are in force;

(B) high intensity runway centreline lights spaced 15 m or less and high intensity edge lights spaced 60 m or

less are in operation;

(C) flight crew members have satisfactorily completed training in a flight simulator;

(D) a 90 m visual segment is available from the cockpit at the start of the take-off run; and

(E) the required RVR value has been achieved for all of the relevant RVR reporting points.

(ii) Subject to the approval of the Authority, an operator of an aeroplane using an approved lateral guidance
system for take-off may reduce the take-off minima to an RVR less than 125 m (Category A, B and C aero-
planes) or 150 m (Category D aeroplanes) but not lower than 75 m provided runway protection and facilities
equivalent to Category III landing operations are available.

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(b) Non-precision approach

(1) System minima

(i) An operator must ensure that system minima for non-precision approach procedures, which are based upon
the use of ILS without glide path (LLZ only), VOR, NDB, SRA and VDF are not lower than the MDH values
given in Table 3.

Table 3

System minima for non-precision approach aids

System minima Facility

Lowest MDH

ILS (no glide path — LLZ)

SRA (terminating at ½ NM)

SRA (terminating at 1 NM)

SRA (terminating at 2 NM)

VOR

VOR/DME

NDB

VDF (QDM & QGH)

250 ft

250 ft

300 ft

350 ft

300 ft

250 ft

300 ft

300 ft

(2) Minimum Descent Height. An operator must ensure that the minimum descent height for a non-precision

approach is not lower than either:

(i) the OCH/OCL for the category of aeroplane; or

(ii) the system minimum.

(3) Visual reference. A pilot may not continue an approach below MDA/MDH unless at least one of the following

visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot:

(i) elements of the approach light system;

(ii) the threshold;

(iii) the threshold markings;

(iv) the threshold lights;

(v) the threshold identification lights;

(vi) the visual glide slope indicator;

(vii) the touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings;

(viii) the touchdown zone lights;

(ix) runway edge lights; or

(x) other visual references accepted by the Authority.

(4) Required RVR. The lowest minima to be used by an operator for non-precision approaches are:

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Table 4a

RVR for non-precision approach — full facilities

Non-precision approach minima — Full facilities (Notes 1, 5, 6 and 7)

MDH

RVR/Aeroplane category

A

B

C

D

250 — 299 ft

800 m

800 m

800 m

1 200 m

300 — 449 ft

900 m

1 000 m

1 000 m

1 400 m

450 — 649 ft

1 000 m

1 200 m

1 200 m

1 600 m

650 ft and above

1 200 m

1 400 m

1 400 m

1 800 m

Table 4b

RVR for non-precision approach — intermediate facilities

Non-precision approach minima — Intermediate facilities (Notes 2, 5, 6 and 7)

MDH

RVR/Aeroplane Category

A

B

C

D

250 — 299 ft

1 000 m

1 100 m

1 200 m

1 400 m

300 — 449 ft

1 200 m

1 300 m

1 400 m

1 600 m

450 — 649 ft

1 400 m

1 500 m

1 600 m

1 800 m

650 ft and above

1 500 m

1 500 m

1 800 m

2 000 m

Table 4c

RVR for non-precision approach — basic facilities

Non-precision approach minima — Basic facilities (Notes 3, 5, 6 and 7)

MDH

RVR/Aeroplane Category

A

B

C

D

250 — 299 ft

1 200 m

1 300 m

1 400 m

1 600 m

300 — 449 ft

1 300 m

1 400 m

1 600 m

1 800 m

450 — 649 ft

1 500 m

1 500 m

1 800 m

2 000 m

650 ft and above

1 500 m

1 500 m

2 000 m

2 000 m

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Table 4d

RVR for non-precision approach — Nil approach light facilities

Non-precision approach minima — Nil approach light facilities (Notes 4, 5, 6 and 7)

MDH

RVR/Aeroplane Category

A

B

C

D

250 — 299 ft

1 000 m

1 500 m

1 600 m

1 800 m

300 — 449 ft

1 500 m

1 500 m

1 800 m

2 000 m

450 — 649 ft

1 500 m

1 500 m

2 000 m

2 000 m

650 ft and above

1 500 m

1 500 m

2 000 m

2 000 m

Note 1: Full facilities comprise runway markings, 720 m or more of HI/MI approach lights, runway edge lights, threshold lights

and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 2: Intermediate facilities comprise runway markings, 420 — 719 m of HI/MI approach lights, runway edge lights, threshold

lights and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 3: Basic facilities comprise runway markings, <420 m of HI/MI approach lights, any length of LI approach lights, runway

edge lights, threshold lights and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 4: Nil approach light facilities comprise runway markings, runway edge lights, threshold lights, runway end lights or no

lights at all.

Note 5: The tabl s are only applicable to conventional approaches with a nominal descent slope of not greater than 4°. Greater
descent slopes will usually require that visual glide slope guidance (e.g. PAPI) is also visible at the minimum descent
height.

Note 6: The above figures are either reported RVR or meteorological visibility converted to RVR as in subparagraph (h) below.
Note 7: The MDH mentioned in Table 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d refers to the initial calculation of MDH. When selecting the associated
RVR, there is no need to take account of a rounding up to the nearest ten ft, which may be done for operational
purposes, e.g. conversion to MDA.

(5) Night operations. For night operations at least runway edge, threshold and runway end lights must be on.

(c) Precision approach — Category I operations

(1) General. A Category I operation is a precision instrument approach and landing using ILS, MLS or PAR with a

decision height not lower than 200 ft and with a runway visual range not less than 550 m.

(2) Decision height. An operator must ensure that the decision height to be used for a Category I precision approach

is not lower than:

(i) the minimum decision height specified in the aeroplane flight manual (AFM) if stated;

(ii) the minimum height to which the precision approach aid can be used without the required visual reference;

(iii) the OCH/OCL for the category of aeroplane; or

(iv) 200 ft.

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(3) Visual reference. A pilot may not continue an approach below the Category I decision height, determined in
accordance with subparagraph (c)(2), unless at least one of the following visual references for the intended runway
is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot:

(i) elements of the approach light system;

(ii) the threshold;

(iii) the threshold markings;

(iv) the threshold lights;

(v) the threshold identification lights;

(vi) the visual glide slope indicator;

(vii) the touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings;

(viii) the touchdown zone lights; or

(ix) runway edge lights.

(4) Required RVR. The lowest minima to be used by an operator for Category I operations are:

Table 5

RVR for Cat I approach vs. facilities and DH

Category I minima

Facilities/RVR (Note 5)

Decision height (Note 7)

Full
(Notes 1 and 6)

Interm
(Notes 2 and 6)

Basic
(Notes 3 and 6)

Nil
(Notes 4 and 6)

200 ft

201-250 ft

251-300 ft

550 m

700 m

800 m

1 000 m

600 m

700 m

800 m

1 000 m

650 m

800 m

900 m

1 200 m

301 ft and above

800 m

900 m

1 000 m

1 200 m

Note 1: Full facilities comprise runway markings, 720 m or more of HI/MI approach lights, runway edge lights, threshold lights

and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 2: Intermediate facilities comprise runway markings, 420 — 719 m of HI/MI approach lights, runway edge lights, threshold

lights and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 3: Basic facilities comprise runway markings, <420 m of HI/MI approach lights, any length of LI approach lights, runway

edge lights, threshold lights and runway end lights. Lights must be on.

Note 4: Nil approach light facilities comprise runway markings, runway edge lights, threshold lights, runway end lights or no

lights at all.

Note 5: The above figures are either the reported RVR or meteorological visibility converted to RVR in accordance with paragraph

(h).

Note 6: The table is applicable to conventional approaches with a glide slope angle up to and including 4° (degree).
Note 7: The DH mentioned in the Table 5 refers to the initial calculation of DH. When selecting the associated RVR, there is no
need to take account of a rounding up to the nearest 10 ft, which may be done for operational purposes, (e.g. conversion
to DA).

(5) Single pilot operations. For single pilot operations, an operator must calculate the minimum RVR for all
approaches in accordance with OPS 1.430 and this Appendix. An RVR of less than 800 m is not permitted
except when using a suitable autopilot coupled to an ILS or MLS, in which case normal minima apply. The deci-
sion height applied must not be less than 1,25 x the minimum use height for the autopilot.

(6) Night operations. For night operations at least runway edge, threshold and runway end lights must be on.

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(d) Precision approach — Category II operations

(1) General. A Category II operation is a precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with:

(i) a decision height below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft; and

(ii) a runway visual range of not less than 300 m.

(2) Decision height. An operator must ensure that the decision height for a Category II operation is not lower than:

(i) the minimum decision height specified in the AFM, if stated;

(ii) the minimum height to which the precision approach aid can be used without the required visual reference;

(iii) the OCH/OCL for the category of aeroplane;

(iv) the decision height to which the flight crew is authorised to operate; or

(v) 100 ft.

(3) Visual reference. A pilot may not continue an approach below the Category II decision height determined in
accordance with subparagraph (d)(2) unless visual reference containing a segment of at least three consecutive
lights being the centre line of the approach lights, or touchdown zone lights, or runway centre line lights, or
runway edge lights, or a combination of these is attained and can be maintained. This visual reference must
include a lateral element of the ground pattern, i.e. an approach lighting crossbar or the landing threshold or a
barette of the touchdown zone lighting.

(4) Required RVR. The lowest minima to be used by an operator for Category II operations are:

Table 6

RVR for Cat II approach vs. DH

Decision height

100 ft — 120 ft

121 ft — 140 ft

141 ft and above

Category II minima

Auto-coupled to below DH (see Note 1)

RVR/Aeroplane Category A, B and C

RVR/Aeroplane Category D

300 m

400 m

450 m

300 m
(Note 2)/350 m

400 m

450 m

Note 1: The reference to “auto-coupled to below DH” in this table means continued use of the automatic flight control system
down to a height which is not greater than 80 % of the applicable DH. Thus airworthiness requirements may, through
minimum engagement height for the automatic flight control system, affect the DH to be applied.

Note 2: 300 m may be used for a Category D aeroplane conducting an auto land.

(e) Precision approach — Category III operations

(1) General. Category III operations are subdivided as follows:

(i) Category III A operations. A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with:

(A) a decision height lower than 100 ft; and

(B) a runway visual range not less than 200 m.

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(ii) Category III B operations. A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS or MLS with:

(A) a decision height lower than 50 ft, or no decision height; and

(B) a runway visual range lower than 200 m but not less than 75 m.

Note: Where the decision height (DH) and runway visual range (RVR) do not fall within the same category, the

RVR will determine in which category the operation is to be considered.

(2) Decision height. For operations in which a decision height is used, an operator must ensure that the decision

height is not lower than:

(i) the minimum decision height specified in the AFM, if stated;

(ii) the minimum height to which the precision approach aid can be used without the required visual reference;

or

(iii) the decision height to which the flight crew is authorised to operate.

(3) No decision height operations. Operations with no decision height may only be conducted if:

(i) the operation with no decision height is authorised in the AFM;

(ii) the approach aid and the aerodrome facilities can support operations with no decision height; and

(iii) the operator has an approval for CAT III operations with no decision height.

Note: In the case of a CAT III runway it may be assumed that operations with no decision height can be supported

unless specifically restricted as published in the AIP or NOTAM.

(4) Visual reference

(i) For Category IIIA operations, and for category IIIB operations with fail-passive flight control systems, a pilot
may not continue an approach below the decision height determined in accordance with subparagraph (e)(2)
unless a visual reference containing a segment of at least three consecutive lights being the centreline of the
approach lights, or touchdown zone lights, or runway centre line lights, or runway edge lights, or a combina-
tion of these is attained and can be maintained.

(ii) For Category IIIB operations with fail-operational flight control systems using a decision height, a pilot may
not continue an approach below the decision height, determined in accordance with subparagraph (e)(2),
unless a visual reference containing at least one centreline light is attained and can be maintained.

(iii) For Category III operations with no decision height there is no requirement for visual contact with the

runway prior to touchdown.

(5) Required RVR. The lowest minima to be used by an operator for Category III operations are:

Table 7

RVR for Cat III approach vs. DH and roll-out control/guidance system

Approach Category

Decision Height (ft) (Note 2)

Roll-out Control/Guidance
System

Category III minima

III A

III B

Less than 100 ft

Not required

Less than 100 ft

Fail-passive

RVR (m)

200 m

150 m
(Note 1)

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Approach Category

Decision Height (ft) (Note 2)

Roll-out Control/Guidance
System

Category III minima

III B

III B

Less than 50 ft

Fail-passive

Less than 50 ft or no
decision height

Fail-operational

RVR (m)

125 m

75 m

Note 1: For aeroplanes certificated in accordance with CS-AWO on all weather operations 321(b)(3).
Note 2: Flight control system redundancy is determined under CS-AWO on all weather operations by the minimum certificated

decision height.

(f) Circling

(1) The lowest minima to be used by an operator for circling are:

Table 8

Visibility and MDH for circling vs. aeroplane category

Aeroplane Category

A

B

C

D

MDH

400 ft

500 ft

600 ft

700 ft

Minimum meteorological visibility

1 500 m

1 600 m

2 400 m

3 600 m

(2) Circling with prescribed tracks is an accepted procedure within the meaning of this paragraph

(g) Visual approach. An operator shall not use an RVR of less than 800 m for a visual approach.

(h) Conversion of reported meteorological visibility to RVR

(1) An operator must ensure that a meteorological visibility to RVR conversion is not used for calculating take-off

minima, Category II or III minima or when a reported RVR is available.

Note: If the RVR is reported as being above the maximum value assessed by the aerodrome operator, e.g. “RVR
more than 1 500 metres”, it is not considered to be a reported RVR in this context and the Conversion
Table may be used.

(2) When converting meteorological visibility to RVR in all other circumstances than those in subparagraph (h)(1), an

operator must ensure that the following table is used:

Table 9

Conversion of visibility to RVR

Lighting elements in operation

RVR = Reported Met. Visibility x

HI approach and runway lighting

Any type of lighting installation other than above

No lighting

Day

1,5

1,0

1,0

Night

2,0

1,5

Not applicable

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Appendix 2 to OPS 1.430 (c)

Aeroplane categories — All Weather Operations

(a) Classification of aeroplanes

The criteria taken into consideration for the classification of aeroplanes by categories is the indicated airspeed at
threshold (VAT) which is equal to the stalling speed (VSO) multiplied by 1,3 or VS1G multiplied by 1,23 in the
landing configuration at the maximum certificated landing mass. If both VSO and VS1G are available, the higher
resulting VAT shall be used. The aeroplane categories corresponding to VAT values are in the table below:

Aeroplane Category

A

B

C

D

E

VAT

Less than 91 kt

From 91 to 120 kt

From 121 to 140 kt

From 141 to 165 kt

From 166 to 210 kt

The landing configuration which is to be taken into consideration shall be defined by the operator or by the aeroplane
manufacturer.

(b) Permanent change of category (maximum landing mass)

(1) An operator may impose a permanent,

lower,

landing mass, and use this mass for determining the VAT if

approved by the Authority.

(2) The category defined for a given aeroplane shall be a permanent value and thus independent of the changing

conditions of day-to-day operations.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.440

Low visibility operations — general operating rules

(a) General. The following procedures apply to the introduction and approval of low visibility operations.

(b) Operational demonstration. The purpose of the operational demonstration is to determine or validate the use and
flight crew procedures, maintenance

effectiveness of
programme, and manuals applicable to the Category II/III programme being approved.

flight guidance systems,

the applicable aircraft

training,

(1) At least 30 approaches and landings must be accomplished in operations using the Category II/III systems
installed in each aircraft type if the requested DH is 50 ft or higher. If the DH is less than 50 ft, at least 100
approaches and landings will need to be accomplished unless otherwise approved by the Authority.

(2) If an operator has different variants of the same type of aircraft utilising the same basic flight control and display
systems, or different basic flight control and display systems on the same type of aircraft, the operator must show
that the various variants have satisfactory performance, but the operator need not conduct a full operational
demonstration for each variant. The Authority may also accept a reduction of the number of approach and land-
ings based on credit given for the experience gained by another operator with an AOC issued in accordance with
OPS 1 using the same aeroplane type or variant and procedures.

(3) If the number of unsuccessful approaches exceeds 5 % of the total (e.g. unsatisfactory landings, system discon-
nects) the evaluation programme must be extended in steps of at least 10 approaches and landings until the
overall failure rate does not exceed 5 %.

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(c) Data collection for operational demonstrations. Each applicant must develop a data collection method (e.g. a form to
be used by the flight crew) to record approach and landing performance. The resulting data and a summary of the
demonstration data shall be made available to the Authority for evaluation.

(d) Data analysis. Unsatisfactory approaches and/or automatic landings shall be documented and analysed.

(e) Continuous monitoring

(1) After obtaining the initial authorisation, the operations must be continuously monitored by the operator to detect

any undesirable trends before they become hazardous. Flight crew reports may be used to achieve this.

(2) The following information must be retained for a period of 12 months:

(i) the total number of approaches, by aeroplane type, where the airborne Category II or III equipment was
utilised to make satisfactory, actual or practice, approaches to the applicable Category II or III minima; and

(ii) reports of unsatisfactory approaches and/or automatic landings, by aerodrome and aeroplane registration, in

the following categories:

(A) airborne equipment faults;

(B) ground facility difficulties;

(C) missed approaches because of ATC instructions; or

(D) other reasons.

(3) An operator must establish a procedure to monitor the performance of the automatic landing system of each

aeroplane.

(f) Transitional periods

(1) Operators with no previous Category II or III experience

(i) An operator without previous Category II or III operational experience may be approved for Category II or
IIIA operations, having gained a minimum experience of six months of Category I operations on the aeroplane
type.

(ii) On completing six months of Category II or IIIA operations on the aeroplane type the operator may be
approved for Category IIIB operations. When granting such an approval, the Authority may impose higher
minima than the lowest applicable for an additional period. The increase in minima will normally only refer
to RVR and/or a restriction against operations with no decision height and must be selected such that they
will not require any change of the operational procedures.

(2) Operators with previous Category II or III experience. An operator with previous Category II or III experience

may obtain authorisation for a reduced transition period by application to the Authority.

(g) Maintenance of Category II, Category III and LVTO equipment. Maintenance instructions for the on-board guidance
systems must be established by the operator, in liaison with the manufacturer, and included in the operator's aeroplane
maintenance programme prescribed in OPS 1.910 which must be approved by the Authority.

(h) Eligible aerodromes and runways

(1) Each aeroplane type/on-board equipment/runway combination must be verified by the successful completion of at
least one approach and landing in Category II or better conditions, prior to commencing Category III operations.

(2) For runways with irregular pre-threshold terrain or other foreseeable or known deficiencies, each aeroplane type/
on-board equipment/runway combination must be verified by operations in Category I or better conditions, prior
to commencing Category II or III operations.

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(3) If an operator has different variants of the same type of aircraft utilising the same basic flight control and display
systems, or different basic flight control and display systems on the same type of aircraft, the operator must show
that the various variants have satisfactory performance, but the operator need not conduct a full operational
demonstration for each variant/runway combination.

(4) Operators using the same aeroplane type/variant and on-board equipment combination and procedures may take

credit from each others' experience and records in complying with this paragraph.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.450

Low visibility operations — training and qualifications

(a) General: an operator must ensure that flight crew member training programmes for low visibility operations include
structured courses of ground, flight simulator and/or flight training. The operator may abbreviate the course content
as prescribed by subparagraphs (2) and (3) provided the content of the abbreviated course is acceptable to the
authority.

(1) Flight crew members with no Category II or Category III experience must complete the full training programme

prescribed in subparagraphs (b), (c) and (d).

(2) Flight crew members with Category II or Category III experience with another operator may undertake an abbre-

viated ground training course.

(3) Flight crew members with Category II or Category III experience with the operator may undertake an abbreviated
ground, Flight simulator and/or flight training course. The abbreviated course is to include at least the require-
ments of subparagraphs (d)(1), (d)(2)(i) or (d)(2)(ii) as appropriate and (d)(3)(i).

(b) Ground training. An operator must ensure that the initial ground training course for low visibility operations covers

at least:

(1) the characteristics and limitations of the ILS and/or MLS;

(2) the characteristics of the visual aids;

(3) the characteristics of fog;

(4) the operational capabilities and limitations of the particular airborne system;

(5) the effects of precipitation, ice accretion, low level wind shear and turbulence;

(6) the effect of specific aeroplane malfunctions;

(7) the use and limitations of RVR assessment systems;

(8) the principles of obstacle clearance requirements;

(9) recognition of and action to be taken in the event of failure of ground equipment;

(10) the procedures and precautions to be followed with regard to surface movement during operations when the
RVR is 400 m or less and any additional procedures required for take-off in conditions below 150 m (200 m
for Category D aeroplanes);

(11) the significance of decision heights based upon radio altimeters and the effect of terrain profile in the approach

area on radio altimeter readings and on the automatic approach/landing systems;

(12) the importance and significance of alert height if applicable and the action in the event of any failure above and

below the alert height;

(13) the qualification requirements for pilots to obtain and retain approval to conduct low visibility take-offs and

Category II or III operations; and

(14) the importance of correct seating and eye position.

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(c) Flight simulator training and/or flight training

(1) An operator must ensure that flight simulator and/or flight training for low visibility operations includes:

(i) checks of satisfactory functioning of equipment, both on the ground and in flight;

(ii) effect on minima caused by changes in the status of ground installations;

(iii) monitoring of automatic flight control systems and auto land status annunciators with emphasis on the

action to be taken in the event of failures of such systems;

(iv) actions to be taken in the event of failures such as engines, electrical systems, hydraulics or flight control

systems;

(v) the effect of known unserviceabilities and use of minimum equipment lists;

(vi) operating limitations resulting from airworthiness certification;

(vii) guidance on the visual cues required at decision height together with information on maximum deviation

allowed from glide path or localiser; and

(viii) the importance and significance of alert height if applicable and the action in the event of any failure above

and below the alert height.

(2) An operator must ensure that each flight crew member is trained to carry out his/her duties and instructed on

the coordination required with other crew members. Maximum use should be made of flight simulators.

(3) Training must be divided into phases covering normal operation with no aeroplane or equipment failures but
including all weather conditions which may be encountered and detailed scenarios of aeroplane and equipment
failure which could affect Category II or III operations. If the aeroplane system involves the use of hybrid or
other special systems (such as head up displays or enhanced vision equipment) then flight crew members must
practise the use of these systems in normal and abnormal modes during the flight simulator phase of training.

(4) Incapacitation procedures appropriate to low visibility take-offs and Category II and III operations shall be prac-

tised.

(5) For aeroplanes with no flight simulator operators must ensure that the flight training phase specific to the visual
scenarios of Category II operations is conducted in a specifically approved flight simulator. Such training must
include a minimum of four approaches. The training and procedures that are type specific shall be practised in
the aeroplane.

(6) Initial Category II and III training shall include at least the following exercises:

(i) approach using the appropriate flight guidance, autopilots and control systems installed in the aeroplane, to

the appropriate decision height and to include transition to visual flight and landing;

(ii) approach with all engines operating using the appropriate flight guidance systems, autopilots and control
systems installed in the aeroplane down to the appropriate decision height followed by missed approach; all
without external visual reference;

(iii) where appropriate, approaches utilising automatic flight systems to provide automatic flare, landing and

roll-out; and

(iv) normal operation of the applicable system both with and without acquisition of visual cues at decision

height.

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(7) Subsequent phases of training must include at least:

(i) approaches with engine failure at various stages on the approach;

(ii) approaches with critical equipment failures (e.g. electrical systems, auto flight systems, ground and/or

airborne ILS/MLS systems and status monitors);

(iii) approaches where failures of auto flight equipment at low level require either;

(A) reversion to manual flight to control flare, landing and roll out or missed approach; or

(B) reversion to manual flight or a downgraded automatic mode to control missed approaches from, at or

below decision height including those which may result in a touchdown on the runway;

(iv) failures of the systems which will result in excessive localiser and/or glide slope deviation, both above and
below decision height, in the minimum visual conditions authorised for the operation. In addition, a conti-
nuation to a manual landing must be practised if a head-up display forms a downgraded mode of the auto-
matic system or the head-up display forms the only flare mode; and

(v) failures and procedures specific to aeroplane type or variant.

(8) The training programme must provide practice in handling faults which require a reversion to higher minima.

(9) The training programme must include the handling of the aeroplane when, during a fail passive Category III
approach, the fault causes the autopilot to disconnect at or below decision height when the last reported RVR is
300 m or less.

(10) Where take-offs are conducted in RVRs of 400 m and below, training must be established to cover systems fail-

ures and engine failure resulting in continued as well as rejected take-offs.

(d) Conversion training requirements to conduct low visibility take-off and Category II and III operations. An operator
shall ensure that each flight crew member completes the following low visibility procedures training if converting to a
new type or variant of aeroplane in which low visibility take-off and Category II and III operations will be conducted.
The flight crew member experience requirements to undertake an abbreviated course are prescribed in subparagraphs
(a)(2) and (a)(3).

(1) Ground training. The appropriate requirements prescribed in subparagraph (b), taking into account the flight crew

member's Category II and Category III training and experience.

(2) Flight simulator training and/or flight training.

(i) A minimum of eight approaches and/or landings in a flight simulator.

(ii) Where no flight simulator is available to represent that specific aeroplane, a minimum of three approaches

including at least one go-around is required on the aeroplane.

(iii) Appropriate additional training if any special equipment is required such as head-up displays or enhanced

vision equipment.

(3) Flight crew qualification. The flight crew qualification requirements are specific to the operator and the type of

aeroplane operated.

(i) The operator must ensure that each flight crew member completes a check before conducting Category II or

III operations.

(ii) The check prescribed in subparagraph (i) above may be replaced by successful completion of the simulator

and/or flight training prescribed in subparagraph (d)(2).

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(4) Line flying under supervision. An operator must ensure that each flight crew member undergoes the following

line flying under supervision:

(i) for Category II when a manual landing is required, a minimum of three landings from autopilot disconnect;

(ii) for Category III, a minimum of three auto lands except that only one auto land is required when the training
required in subparagraph (d)(2) has been carried out in a flight simulator usable for zero flight time conver-
sion.

(e) Type and command experience. Before commencing Category II/III operations, the following additional requirements
are applicable to commanders, or pilots to whom conduct of the flight has been delegated, who are new to the aero-
plane type:

(1) 50 hours or 20 sectors on the type, including line flying under supervision; and

(2) 100 m must be added to the applicable Category II or Category III RVR minima unless previously qualified for
Category II or III operations with an operator, until a total of 100 hours or 40 sectors, including line flying under
supervision, has been achieved on the type.

(3) The Authority may authorise a reduction in the above command experience requirements for flight crew

members who have Category II or Category III command experience.

(f) Low visibility take-off with RVR less than 150/200 m

(1) An operator must ensure that prior to authorisation to conduct take-offs in RVRs below 150 m (below 200 m

for Category D aeroplanes) the following training is carried out:

(i) normal take-off in minimum authorised RVR conditions;

(ii) take-off in minimum authorised RVR conditions with an engine failure between V1 and V2, or as soon as

safety considerations permit; and

(iii) take-off in minimum authorised RVR conditions with an engine failure before V1 resulting in a rejected take-

off.

(2) An operator must ensure that the training required by subparagraph (1) is carried out in a flight simulator. This
training must include the use of any special procedures and equipment. Where no flight simulator is available to
represent that specific aeroplane, the Authority may approve such training in an aeroplane without the require-
ment for minimum RVR conditions (see Appendix 1 to OPS 1.965).

(3) An operator must ensure that a flight crew member has completed a check before conducting low visibility take-
offs in RVRs of less than 150 m (less than 200 m for Category D aeroplanes) if applicable. The check may only
be replaced by successful completion of the simulator and/or flight training prescribed in subparagraph (f)(1) on
conversion to an aeroplane type.

(g) Recurrent training and checking — low visibility operations

(1) An operator must ensure that, in conjunction with the normal recurrent training and operator proficiency checks,
a pilot's knowledge and ability to perform the tasks associated with the particular category of operation for which
he/she is authorised is checked. The required number of approaches within the validity period of the operator's
proficiency check(as described in OPS 1.965(b)) is to be a minimum of three, one of which may be substituted by
an approach and landing in the aeroplane using approved Category II and III procedures. One missed approach
shall be flown during the conduct of the operator's proficiency check. If the operator is authorised to conduct
take-off with RVR less than 150/200 m at least one LVTO to the lowest applicable minima shall be flown during
the conduct of the operators proficiency check.

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(2) For Category III operations an operator must use a flight simulator.

(3) An operator must ensure that, for Category III operations on aeroplanes with a fail passive flight control system, a
missed approach is completed at least once over the period of three consecutive operator proficiency checks as
the result of an autopilot failure at or below decision height when the last reported RVR was 300 m or less.

(4) The Authority may authorise recurrent training and checking for Category II and LVTO operations in an aeroplane

type where no flight simulator to represent that specific aeroplane or an acceptable alternate is available.

Note: Recency for LTVO and Category II/III based upon automatic approaches and/or auto-lands is maintained by the

recurrent training and checking as prescribed in this paragraph.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.455

Low visibility operations — operating procedures

(a) General. Low visibility operations include:

(1) manual take-off (with or without electronic guidance systems);

(2) auto-coupled approach to below DH, with manual flare, landing and roll-out;

(3) auto-coupled approach followed by auto-flare, auto landing and manual roll-out; and

(4) auto-coupled approach followed by auto-flare, auto landing and auto-roll-out, when the applicable RVR is less

than 400 m.

Note 1: A hybrid system may be used with any of these modes of operations.

Note 2: Other forms of guidance systems or displays may be certificated and approved.

(b) Procedures and operating instructions

(1) The precise nature and scope of procedures and instructions given depend upon the airborne equipment used and
the flight deck procedures followed. An operator must clearly define flight crew member duties during take-off,
approach, flare, roll-out and missed approach in the operations manual. Particular emphasis must be placed on
flight crew responsibilities during transition from non-visual conditions to visual conditions, and on the proce-
dures to be used in deteriorating visibility or when failures occur. Special attention must be paid to the distribu-
tion of flight deck duties so as to ensure that the workload of the pilot making the decision to land or execute a
missed approach enables him/her to devote himself/herself to supervision and the decision making process.

(2) An operator must specify the detailed operating procedures and instructions in the operations manual. The
instructions must be compatible with the limitations and mandatory procedures contained in the Aeroplane flight
manual and cover the following items in particular:

(i) checks for the satisfactory functioning of the aeroplane equipment, both before departure and in flight;

(ii) effect on minima caused by changes in the status of the ground installations and airborne equipment;

(iii) procedures for the take-off, approach, flare, landing, roll-out and missed approach;

(iv) procedures to be followed in the event of failures, warnings and other non-normal situations;

(v) the minimum visual reference required;

(vi) the importance of correct seating and eye position;

(vii) action which may be necessary arising from a deterioration of the visual reference;

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(viii) allocation of crew duties in the carrying out of the procedures according to subparagraphs (i) to (iv) and (vi),

to allow the commander to devote himself/herself mainly to supervision and decision making;

(ix) the requirement for all height calls below 200 ft to be based on the radio altimeter and for one pilot to

continue to monitor the aeroplane instruments until the landing is completed;

(x) the requirement for the localiser sensitive area to be protected;

(xi) the use of information relating to wind velocity, wind shear, turbulence, runway contamination and use of

multiple RVR assessments;

(xii) procedures to be used for practice approaches and landing on runways at which the full Category II or Cate-

gory III aerodrome procedures are not in force;

(xiii) operating limitations resulting from airworthiness certification; and

(xiv) information on the maximum deviation allowed from the ILS glide path and/or localiser.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.465

Minimum visibilities for VFR operations

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.465

Minimum Visibilities for VFR Operations

Airspace class

A B C D E
(Note 1)

F G

Above 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL or
above 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain,
whichever is the higher

At and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL
or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain,
whichever is the higher

Distance
from cloud

1 500 m horizontally 300 m (1000 ft) vertically Clear of cloud and in sight of the

surface

visibi-

Flight
lity

8 km at and above 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL(Note 2) 5 km
below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL

5 km (Note 3)

Note 1: VMC minima for Class A airspace are included for guidance but do not imply acceptance of VFR flights in Class A airspace
Note 2: When the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL, FL 100 should be used in lieu of 10 000ft.
Note 3: Category A and B aeroplanes may be operated in flight visibilities down to 3 000 m, provided the appropriate ATS authority
permits use of a flight visibility less than 5 km, and the circumstances are such, that the probability of encounters with other
traffic is low, and the IAS is 140 kt or less.

SUBPART F

PERFORMANCE GENERAL

OPS 1.470

Applicability

(a) An operator shall ensure that multi-engine aeroplanes powered by turbo propeller engines with a maximum approved
passenger seating configuration of more than nine or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, and all multi-
engine turbojet powered aeroplanes are operated in accordance with Subpart G (Performance Class A).

(b) An operator shall ensure that propeller driven aeroplanes with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration
of nine or less, and a maximum take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less are operated in accordance with Subpart H (Perfor-
mance Class B).

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(c) An operator shall ensure that aeroplanes powered by reciprocating engines with a maximum approved passenger
seating configuration of more than nine or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg are operated in accordance
with Subpart I (Performance Class C).

(d) Where full compliance with the requirements of the appropriate subpart cannot be shown due to specific design char-
acteristics (e.g. supersonic aeroplanes or seaplanes), the operator shall apply approved performance standards that
ensure a level of safety equivalent to that of the appropriate subpart.

OPS 1.475

General

(a) An operator shall ensure that the mass of the aeroplane:

(1) at the start of the take-off; or, in the event of in-flight replanning

(2) at the point from which the revised operational flight plan applies, is not greater than the mass at which the
requirements of the appropriate subpart can be complied with for the flight to be undertaken, allowing for
expected reductions in mass as the flight proceeds, and for such fuel jettisoning as is provided for in the particular
requirement.

(b) An operator shall ensure that the approved performance data contained in the aeroplane flight manual is used to
determine compliance with the requirements of the appropriate subpart, supplemented as necessary with other data
acceptable to the Authority as prescribed in the relevant subpart. When applying the factors prescribed in the appro-
priate subpart, account may be taken of any operational factors already incorporated in the aeroplane flight manual
performance data to avoid double application of factors.

(c) When showing compliance with the requirements of the appropriate subpart, due account shall be taken of aeroplane
configuration, environmental conditions and the operation of systems which have an adverse effect on performance.

(d) For performance purposes, a damp runway, other than a grass runway, may be considered to be dry.

(e) An operator shall take account of charting accuracy when assessing compliance with the take-off requirements of the

applicable subpart.

OPS 1.480

Terminology

(a) The following terms used in subparts F, G, H, I and J, have the following meaning:

(1) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA). The length of the take-off run available plus the length of stop way, if
such stop way is declared available by the appropriate Authority and is capable of bearing the mass of the aero-
plane under the prevailing operating conditions.

(2) Contaminated runway. A runway is considered to be contaminated when more than 25 % of the runway surface
area (whether in isolated areas or not) within the required length and width being used is covered by the
following:

(i) surface water more than 3 mm (0,125 in) deep, or by slush, or loose snow, equivalent to more than 3 mm

(0,125 in) of water;

(ii) snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together

or break into lumps if picked up (compacted snow); or

(iii) ice, including wet ice.

(3) Damp runway. A runway is considered damp when the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not

give it a shiny appearance.

(4) Dry runway. A dry runway is one which is neither wet nor contaminated, and includes those paved runways
which have been specially prepared with grooves or porous pavement and maintained to retain “effectively dry”
braking action even when moisture is present.

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(5) Landing distance available (LDA). The length of the runway which is declared available by the appropriate

Authority and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.

(6) Maximum approved passenger seating configuration. The maximum passenger seating capacity of an individual
aeroplane, excluding pilot seats or flight deck seats and cabin crew seats as applicable, used by the operator,
approved by the Authority and specified in the operations manual.

(7) Take-off distance available (TODA). The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway avail-

able.

(8) Take-off mass. The take-off mass of the aeroplane shall be taken to be its mass,

including everything and

everyone carried at the commencement of the take-off run.

(9) Take-off run available (TORA). The length of runway which is declared available by the appropriate Authority

and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.

(10) Wet runway. A runway is considered wet when the runway surface is covered with water, or equivalent, less than
specified in subparagraph (a)(2) or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway surface to cause it to appear
reflective, but without significant areas of standing water.

(b) The terms “accelerate-stop distance”, “take-off distance”, “take-off run”, “net take-off flight path”, “one engine inopera-
tive en-route net flight path” and “two engines inoperative en-route net flight path” as relating to the aeroplane have
their meanings defined in the airworthiness requirements under which the aeroplane was certificated, or as specified
by the Authority if it finds that definition inadequate for showing compliance with the performance operating limita-
tions.

SUBPART G

PERFORMANCE CLASS A

OPS 1.485

General

(a) An operator shall ensure that, for determining compliance with the requirements of this subpart, the approved perfor-
mance data in the aeroplane flight manual is supplemented as necessary with other data acceptable to the Authority if
the approved performance data in the aeroplane flight manual is insufficient in respect of items such as:

(1) accounting for reasonably expected adverse operating conditions such as take-off and landing on contaminated

runways; and

(2) consideration of engine failure in all flight phases.

(b) An operator shall ensure that, for the wet and contaminated runway case, performance data determined in accordance
with applicable requirements on certification of large aeroplanes or equivalent acceptable to the Authority is used.

OPS 1.490

Take-off

(a) An operator shall ensure that the take-off mass does not exceed the maximum take-off mass specified in the aeroplane
flight manual for the pressure altitude and the ambient temperature at the aerodrome at which the take-off is to be
made.

(b) An operator must meet the following requirements when determining the maximum permitted take-off mass:

(1) the accelerate-stop distance must not exceed the accelerate-stop distance available;

(2) the take-off distance must not exceed the take-off distance available, with a clearway distance not exceeding half

of the take-off run available;

(3) the take-off run must not exceed the take-off run available;

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(4) compliance with this paragraph must be shown using a single value of V1 for the rejected and continued take-off;

and

(5) on a wet or contaminated runway, the take-off mass must not exceed that permitted for a take-off on a dry

runway under the same conditions.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (b), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(2) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;

(3) the runway surface condition and the type of runway surface;

(4) the runway slope in the direction of take-off;

(5) not more than 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tailwind

component; and

(6) the loss, if any, of runway length due to alignment of the aeroplane prior to take-off.

OPS 1.495

Take-off obstacle clearance

(a) An operator shall ensure that the net take-off flight path clears all obstacles by a vertical distance of at least 35 ft or
by a horizontal distance of at least 90 m plus 0,125 x D, where D is the horizontal distance the aeroplane has
travelled from the end of the take-off distance available or the end of the take-off distance if a turn is scheduled
before the end of the take-off distance available. For aeroplanes with a wingspan of less than 60 m a horizontal
obstacle clearance of half the aeroplane wingspan plus 60 m, plus 0,125 x D may be used.

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run;

(2) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(3) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; and

(4) not more than 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tailwind

component.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) above:

(1) track changes shall not be allowed up to the point at which the net take-off flight path has achieved a height
equal to one half the wingspan but not less than 50 ft above the elevation of the end of the take-off run available.
Thereafter, up to a height of 400 ft it is assumed that the aeroplane is banked by no more than 15 o. Above 400
ft height bank angles greater than 15 o, but not more than 25 o may be scheduled;

(2) any part of the net take-off flight path in which the aeroplane is banked by more than 15 o must clear all obsta-
cles within the horizontal distances specified in subparagraphs (a), (d) and (e) of this paragraph by a vertical
distance of at least 50 ft; and

(3) an operator must use special procedures, subject to the approval of the Authority, to apply increased bank angles
of not more than 20 o between 200 ft and 400 ft, or not more than 30 o above 400 ft (See Appendix 1 to OPS
1.495 (c) (3)).

(4) adequate allowance must be made for the effect of bank angle on operating speeds and flight path including the

distance increments resulting from increased operating speeds.

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(d) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) above for those cases where the intended flight path does not
require track changes of more than 15 o, an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance
greater than:

(1) 300 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the required navigational accuracy through the obstacle accountability area;

or

(2) 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.

(e) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) for those cases where the intended flight path does require track
changes of more than 15 o, an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance greater than:

(1) 600 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the required navigational accuracy through the obstacle accountability area;

or

(2) 900 m for flights under all other conditions.

(f) An operator shall establish contingency procedures to satisfy the requirements of OPS 1.495 and to provide a safe
route, avoiding obstacles, to enable the aeroplane to either comply with the en-route requirements of OPS 1.500, or
land at either the aerodrome of departure or at a take-off alternate aerodrome.

OPS 1.500

En-route — one engine inoperative

(a) An operator shall ensure that the one-engine inoperative en-route net flight path data shown in the aeroplane flight
manual, appropriate to the meteorological conditions expected for the flight, complies with either subparagraph (b) or
(c) at all points along the route. The net flight path must have a positive gradient at 1500 ft above the aerodrome
where the landing is assumed to be made after engine failure. In meteorological conditions requiring the operation of
ice protection systems, the effect of their use on the net flight path must be taken into account.

(b) The gradient of the net flight path must be positive at least 1000 ft above all terrain and obstructions along the route

within 9,3 km (5 nm) on either side of the intended track.

(c) The net flight path must permit the aeroplane to continue flight from the cruising altitude to an aerodrome where a
landing can be made in accordance with OPS 1.515 or 1.520 as appropriate, the net flight path clearing vertically, by
at least 2000 ft, all terrain and obstructions along the route within 9,3 km (5 nm) on either side of the intended track
in accordance with subparagraphs (1) to (4):

(1) the engine is assumed to fail at the most critical point along the route;

(2) account is taken of the effects of winds on the flight path;

(3) fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if

a safe procedure is used; and

(4) the aerodrome where the aeroplane is assumed to land after engine failure must meet the following criteria:

(i) the performance requirements at the expected landing mass are met; and

(ii) weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, and field condition reports indicate that a safe

landing can be accomplished at the estimated time of landing.

(d) When showing compliance with OPS 1.500, an operator must increase the width margins of subparagraphs (b) and

(c) to 18,5 km (10 nm) if the navigational accuracy does not meet the 95 % containment level.

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OPS 1.505

En-route — aeroplanes with three or more engines, two engines inoperative

(a) An operator shall ensure that at no point along the intended track will an aeroplane having three or more engines be
more than 90 minutes, at the all-engines long range cruising speed at standard temperature in still air, away from an
aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected landing mass are met unless it complies
with subparagraphs (b) to (f).

(b) The two-engines-inoperative en-route net flight path data must permit the aeroplane to continue the flight, in the
expected meteorological conditions, from the point where two engines are assumed to fail simultaneously, to an aero-
drome at which it is possible to land and come to a complete stop when using the prescribed procedure for a landing
with two engines inoperative. The net flight path must clear vertically, by at least 2 000 ft all terrain and obstructions
along the route within 9,3 km (5 nm) on either side of the intended track. At altitudes and in meteorological condi-
tions requiring ice protection systems to be operable, the effect of their use on the net flight path data must be taken
into account. If the navigational accuracy does not meet the 95 % containment level, an operator must increase the
width margin given above to 18,5 km (10 nm).

(c) The two engines are assumed to fail at the most critical point of that portion of the route where the aeroplane is
more than 90 minutes, at the all engines long range cruising speed at standard temperature in still air, away from an
aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected landing mass are met.

(d) The net flight path must have a positive gradient at 1 500 ft above the aerodrome where the landing is assumed to

be made after the failure of two engines.

(e) Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if a

safe procedure is used.

(f) The expected mass of the aeroplane at the point where the two engines are assumed to fail must not be less than that
which would include sufficient fuel to proceed to an aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made, and to
arrive there at least 1 500 ft directly over the landing area and thereafter to fly level for 15 minutes.

OPS 1.510

Landing — destination and alternate aerodromes

(a) An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475(a) does
not exceed the maximum landing mass specified for the altitude and the ambient temperature expected for the esti-
mated time of landing at the destination and alternate aerodrome.

(b) For instrument approaches with a missed approach gradient greater than 2,5 % an operator shall verify that the
expected landing mass of the aeroplane allows a missed approach with a climb gradient equal to or greater than the
applicable missed approach gradient in the one-engine inoperative missed approach configuration and speed (see
applicable requirements on certification of large aeroplanes). The use of an alternative method must be approved by
the Authority.

(c) For instrument approaches with decision heights below 200 ft, an operator must verify that the expected landing
mass of the aeroplane allows a missed approach gradient of climb, with the critical engine failed and with the speed
and configuration used for go-around of at least 2,5 %, or the published gradient, whichever is the greater (see CS
AWO 243). The use of an alternative method must be approved by the Authority.

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OPS 1.515

Landing — dry runways

(a) An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475(a) for the
estimated time of landing at the destination aerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome allows a full stop landing
from 50 ft above the threshold:

(1) for turbo-jet powered aeroplanes, within 60 % of the landing distance available; or

(2) for turbo-propeller powered aeroplanes, within 70 % of the landing distance available;

(3) for steep approach procedures the Authority may approve the use of landing distance data factored in accordance
with subparagraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) as appropriate, based on a screen height of less than 50 ft, but not less than
35 ft (see Appendix 1 to OPS 1.515(a)(3));

(4) when showing compliance with subparagraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2), the Authority may exceptionally approve, when
satisfied that there is a need (see Appendix 1), the use of short landing operations, in accordance with Appendices
1 and 2 together with any other supplementary conditions that the Authority considers necessary in order to
ensure an acceptable level of safety in the particular case.

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the altitude at the aerodrome;

(2) not more than 50 % of the head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the tailwind component; and

(3) the runway slope in the direction of landing if greater than +/-2 %.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), it must be assumed that:

(1) the aeroplane will land on the most favourable runway, in still air; and

(2) the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely to be assigned considering the probable wind speed and direc-
tion and the ground handling characteristics of the aeroplane, and considering other conditions such as landing
aids and terrain.

(d) If an operator is unable to comply with subparagraph (c)(1) for a destination aerodrome having a single runway where
a landing depends upon a specified wind component, an aeroplane may be despatched if two alternate aerodromes
are designated which permit full compliance with subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c). Before commencing an approach to
land at the destination aerodrome the commander must satisfy himself/herself that a landing can be made in full
compliance with OPS 1.510 and subparagraphs (a) and (b).

(e)

If an operator is unable to comply with subparagraph (c)(2) for the destination aerodrome, the aeroplane may be
despatched if an alternate aerodrome is designated which permits full compliance with subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c).

OPS 1.520

Landing — wet and contaminated runways

(a) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be wet, the landing distance available is at least 115 % of the
required landing distance, determined in accordance with OPS 1.515.

(b) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be contaminated, the landing distance available must be at least
the landing distance determined in accordance with subparagraph (a), or at least 115 % of the landing distance deter-
mined in accordance with approved contaminated landing distance data or equivalent, accepted by the Authority,
whichever is greater.

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(c) A landing distance on a wet runway shorter than that required by subparagraph (a), but not less than that required by
OPS 1.515(a), may be used if the aeroplane flight manual includes specific additional information about landing
distances on wet runways.

(d) A landing distance on a specially prepared contaminated runway shorter than that required by subparagraph (b), but
not less than that required by OPS 1.515(a), may be used if the aeroplane flight manual includes specific additional
information about landing distances on contaminated runways.

(e) When showing compliance with subparagraphs (b), (c) and (d), the criteria of OPS 1.515 shall be applied accordingly

except that OPS 1.515(a)(1) and (2) shall not be applied to subparagraph (b).

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.495 (c)(3)

Approval of increased bank angles

(a) For the use of the increased bank angles requiring special approval, the following criteria shall be met:

(1) the aeroplane flight manual must contain approved data for the required increase of operating speed and data to

allow the construction of the flight path considering the increased bank angles and speeds.

(2) visual guidance must be available for navigation accuracy.

(3) weather minima and wind limitations must be specified for each runway and approved by the Authority.

(4) training in accordance with OPS 1.975.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.515 (a)(3)

Steep approach procedures

(a) The Authority may approve the application of steep approach procedures using glide slope angles of 4,5 o or more

and with screen heights of less than 50 ft but not less than 35 ft, provided that the following criteria are met:

(1) the aeroplane flight manual must state the maximum approved glide slope angle, any other limitations, normal,
abnormal or emergency procedures for the steep approach as well as amendments to the field length data when
using steep approach criteria;

(2) a suitable glide path reference system comprising at least a visual glide path indicating system must be available at

each aerodrome at which steep approach procedures are to be conducted; and

(3) weather minima must be specified and approved for each runway to be used with a steep approach. Consideration

must be given to the following:

(i) the obstacle situation;

(ii) the type of glide path reference and runway guidance such as visual aids, MLS, 3D–NAV, ILS, LLZ, VOR,

NDB;

(iii) the minimum visual reference to be required at DH and MDA;

(iv) available airborne equipment;

(v) pilot qualification and special aerodrome familiarisation;

(vi) aeroplane flight manual limitations and procedures; and

(vii) missed approach criteria.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.515 (a)(4)

Short landing operations

(a) For the purpose of OPS 1. 515(a)(4), the distance used for the calculation of the permitted landing mass may consist
of the usable length of the declared safe area plus the declared landing distance available. The Authority may approve
such operations in accordance with the following criteria.

(1) Demonstration of the need for short landing operations. There must be a clear public interest and operational
necessity for the operation, either due to the remoteness of the airport or to physical limitations relating to
extending the runway.

(2) Aeroplane and operational criteria.

(i) Short landing operations will only be approved for aeroplanes where the vertical distance between the path of
the pilot's eye and the path of the lowest part of the wheels, with the aeroplane established on the normal
glide path, does not exceed 3 metres.

(ii) When establishing aerodrome operating minima the visibility/RVR must not be less than 1,5 km. In addition,

wind limitations must be specified in the operations manual.

(iii) Minimum pilot experience, training requirements and special aerodrome familiarisation must be specified for

such operations in the operations manual.

(3) It is assumed that the crossing height over the beginning of the usable length of the declared safe area is 50 ft.

(4) Additional criteria. The Authority may impose such additional conditions as are deemed necessary for a safe
operation taking into account the aeroplane type characteristics, orographic characteristics in the approach area,
available approach aids and missed approach/baulked landing considerations. Such additional conditions may be,
for instance, the requirement for VASI/PAPI -type visual slope indicator system.

Appendix 2 to OPS 1.515 (a)(4)

Airfield criteria for short landing operations

(a) The use of the safe area must be approved by the airport authority.

(b) The useable length of the declared safe area under the provisions of 1.515(a)(4), and this Appendix, must not exceed

90 meters.

(c) The width of the declared safe area shall not be less than twice the runway width or twice the wing span, whichever

is the greater, centred on the extended runway centre line.

(d) The declared safe area must be clear of obstructions or depressions which would endanger an aeroplane under-
shooting the runway and no mobile object shall be permitted on the declared safety area while the runway is being
used for short landing operations.

(e) The slope of the declared safety area must not exceed 5 % upward nor 2 % downward in the direction of landing.

(f) For the purpose of this operation, the bearing strength requirement of OPS 1.480(a)(5) need not apply to the declared

safe area.

SUBPART H

PERFORMANCE CLASS B

OPS 1.525

General

(a) An operator shall not operate a single-engine aeroplane:

(1) at night; or

(2) in instrument meteorological conditions except under special visual flight rules.

Note: Limitations on the operation of single-engine aeroplanes are covered by OPS 1.240 (a)(6).

(b) An operator shall treat two-engine aeroplanes which do not meet the climb requirements of Appendix 1 to OPS

1.525 (b) as single-engine aeroplanes.

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OPS 1.530

Take-off

(a) An operator shall ensure that the take-off mass does not exceed the maximum take-off mass specified in the aeroplane
flight manual for the pressure altitude and the ambient temperature at the aerodrome at which the take-off is to be
made.

(b) An operator shall ensure that the unfactored take-off distance, as specified in the aeroplane flight manual does not

exceed:

(1) when multiplied by a factor of 1,25, the take-off run available; or

(2) when stop way and/or clearway is available, the following:

(i) the take-off run available;

(ii) when multiplied by a factor of 1,15, the take-off distance available; and

(iii) when multiplied by a factor of 1,3, the accelerate-stop distance available.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (b), an operator shall take account of the following:

(1) the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run;

(2) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(3) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;

(4) the runway surface condition and the type of runway surface

(5) the runway slope in the direction of take-off and

(6) not more than 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tail-wind

component.

OPS 1.535

Take-off obstacle clearance — multi-engined aeroplanes

(a) An operator shall ensure that the take-off flight path of aeroplanes with two or more engines, determined in accord-
ance with this subparagraph, clears all obstacles by a vertical margin of at least 50 ft, or by a horizontal distance of at
least 90 m plus 0,125 x D, where D is the horizontal distance travelled by the aeroplane from the end of the take-off
distance available or the end of the take-off distance if a turn is scheduled before the end of the take-off distance avail-
able except as provided in subparagraphs (b) and (c). For aeroplanes with a wingspan of less than 60 m a horizontal
obstacle clearance of half the aeroplane wingspan plus 60 m, plus 0,125 x D may be used. When showing compliance
with this subparagraph it must be assumed that:

(1) the take-off flight path begins at a height of 50 ft above the surface at the end of the take-off distance required by

OPS 1.530(b) and ends at a height of 1500 ft above the surface;

(2) the aeroplane is not banked before the aeroplane has reached a height of 50 ft above the surface, and that there-

after the angle of bank does not exceed 15 o;

(3) failure of the critical engine occurs at the point on the all engine take-off flight path where visual reference for the

purpose of avoiding obstacles is expected to be lost;

(4) the gradient of the take-off flight path from 50 ft to the assumed engine failure height is equal to the average all-
engine gradient during climb and transition to the en-route configuration, multiplied by a factor of 0,77; and

(5) the gradient of the take-off flight path from the height reached in accordance with subparagraph (4) to the end of
the take-off flight path is equal to the one engine inoperative en-route climb gradient shown in the aeroplane
flight manual.

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(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) for those cases where the intended flight path does not require
track changes of more than 15 o, an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance greater
than:

(1) 300 m, if the flight is conducted under conditions allowing visual course guidance navigation, or if navigational
aids are available enabling the pilot to maintain the intended flight path with the same accuracy (see Appendix 1
to OPS 1.535(b)(1) and (c)(1)); or

(2) 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) for those cases where the intended flight path requires track
changes of more than 15 o, an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance greater than:

(1) 600 m for flights under conditions allowing visual course guidance navigation (see Appendix 1 to OPS 1.535(b)

(1) & (c)(1));

(2) 900 m for flights under all other conditions.

(d) When showing compliance with subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run;

(2) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(3) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; and

(4) not more than 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tail-wind

component.

OPS 1.540

En-route — multi-engined aeroplanes

(a) An operator shall ensure that the aeroplane, in the meteorological conditions expected for the flight, and in the event
of the failure of one engine, with the remaining engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions
specified, is capable of continuing flight at or above the relevant minimum altitudes for safe flight stated in the opera-
tions manual to a point 1 000 ft above an aerodrome at which the performance requirements can be met.

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a):

(1) the aeroplane must not be assumed to be flying at an altitude exceeding that at which the rate of climb equals
300 ft per minute with all engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified; and

(2) the assumed en-route gradient with one engine inoperative shall be the gross gradient of descent or climb, as

appropriate, respectively increased by a gradient of 0,5 %, or decreased by a gradient of 0,5 %.

OPS 1.542

En-route — single-engine aeroplanes

(a) An operator shall ensure that the aeroplane, in the meteorological conditions expected for the flight, and in the event
of engine failure, is capable of reaching a place at which a safe forced landing can be made. For landplanes, a place on
land is required, unless otherwise approved by the Authority.

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a):

(1) the aeroplane must not be assumed to be flying, with the engine operating within the maximum continuous
power conditions specified, at an altitude exceeding that at which the rate of climb equals 300 ft per minute; and

(2) the assumed en-route gradient shall be the gross gradient of descent increased by a gradient of 0,5 %.

OPS 1.545

Landing — destination and alternate aerodromes

An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475(a) does not
exceed the maximum landing mass specified for the altitude and the ambient temperature expected for the estimated time
of landing at the destination and alternate aerodrome.

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OPS 1.550

Landing — dry runway

(a) An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475(a) for the
estimated time of landing allows a full stop landing from 50 ft above the threshold within 70 % of the landing
distance available at the destination aerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome.

(1) The Authority may approve the use of landing distance data factored in accordance with this paragraph based on

a screen height of less than 50 ft, but not less than 35 ft (see Appendix 1 to OPS 1.550(a));

(2) The Authority may approve short landing operations, in accordance with the criteria in Appendix 2 to OPS 1.550

(a).

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), an operator shall take account of the following:

(1) the altitude at the aerodrome;

(2) not more than 50 % of the head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the tail-wind component;

(3) the runway surface condition and the type of runway surface; and

(4) the runway slope in the direction of landing;

(c) For despatching an aeroplane in accordance with subparagraph (a), it must be assumed that:

(1) the aeroplane will land on the most favourable runway, in still air; and

(2) the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely to be assigned considering the probable wind speed and direc-
tion and the ground handling characteristics of the aeroplane, and considering other conditions such as landing
aids and terrain.

(d) If an operator is unable to comply with subparagraph (c)(2) for the destination aerodrome, the aeroplane may be
despatched if an alternate aerodrome is designated which permits full compliance with subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c).

OPS 1.555

Landing — wet and contaminated runways

(a) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be wet, the landing distance available is equal to or exceeds the
required landing distance, determined in accordance with OPS 1.550, multiplied by a factor of 1,15.

(b) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be contaminated, the landing distance, determined by using data
acceptable to the Authority for these conditions, does not exceed the landing distance available.

(c) A landing distance on a wet runway shorter than that required by subparagraph (a), but not less than that required by
OPS 1.550(a), may be used if the aeroplane flight manual includes specific additional information about landing
distances on wet runways.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.525 (b)

General — take-off and landing climb

(The requirements of this Appendix are based on JAR–23.63 (c)(1) and JAR–23.63 (c)(2), effective 11 March 1994).

(a) Take-off climb

(1) All engines operating

(i) The steady gradient of climb after take-off must be at least 4 % with:

(A) take-off power on each engine;

(B) the landing gear extended except that if the landing gear can be retracted in not more than seven seconds,

it may be assumed to be retracted;

(C) the wing flaps in the take-off position(s); and

(D) a climb speed not less than the greater of 1,1 VMC and 1,2 VS1.

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(2) One engine inoperative

(i) The steady gradient of climb at an altitude of 400 ft above the take-off surface must be measurably positive

with:

(A) the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in the minimum drag position;

(B) the remaining engine at take-off power;

(C) the landing gear retracted;

(D) the wing flaps in the take-off position(s); and

(E) a climb speed equal to that achieved at 50 ft.

(ii) The steady gradient of climb must be not less than 0,75 % at an altitude of 1500 ft above the take-off surface

with:

(A) the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in the minimum drag position;

(B) the remaining engine at not more than maximum continuous power;

(C) the landing gear retracted;

(D) The wing flaps retracted; and

(E) a climb speed not less than 1,2 VS1.

(b) Landing climb

(1) All engines operating

(i) The steady gradient of climb must be at least 2,5 % with:

(A) not more than the power or thrust that is available eight seconds after initiation of movement of the

power controls from the minimum flight idle position;

(B) the landing gear extended;

(C) the wing flaps in the landing position; and

(D) a climb speed equal to VREF.

(2) One engine inoperative

(i) The steady gradient of climb must be not less than 0,75 % at an altitude of 1 500 ft above the landing surface

with:

(A) the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in the minimum drag position;

(B) the remaining engine at not more than maximum continuous power;

(C) the landing gear retracted;

(D) the wing flaps retracted; and

(E) a climb speed not less than 1,2 VS1.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.535(b)(1) & (c)(1)

Take-off flight path — visual course guidance navigation

In order to allow visual course guidance navigation, an operator must ensure that the weather conditions prevailing at the
time of operation, including ceiling and visibility, are such that the obstacle and/or ground reference points can be seen
and identified. The operations manual must specify, for the aerodrome(s) concerned, the minimum weather conditions
which enable the flight crew to continuously determine and maintain the correct flight path with respect to ground refer-
ence points, so as to provide a safe clearance with respect to obstructions and terrain as follows:

(a) the procedure must be well defined with respect to ground reference points so that the track to be flown can be

analysed for obstacle clearance requirements;

(b) the procedure must be within the capabilities of the aeroplane with respect to forward speed, bank angle and wind

effects;

(c) a written and/or pictorial description of the procedure must be provided for crew use; and

(d) the limiting environmental conditions must be specified (e.g. wind, cloud, visibility, day/night, ambient lighting,

obstruction lighting).

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.550 (a)

Steep approach procedures

(a) The Authority may approve the application of steep approach procedures using glide slope angles of 4,5 o or more,

and with screen heights of less than 50 ft but not less than 35 ft, provided that the following criteria are met:

(1) the aeroplane flight manual must state the maximum approved glide slope angle, any other limitations, normal,
abnormal or emergency procedures for the steep approach as well as amendments to the field length data when
using steep approach criteria;

(2) a suitable glide path reference system, comprising at least a visual glide path indicating system, must be available

at each aerodrome at which steep approach procedures are to be conducted; and

(3) weather minima must be specified and approved for each runway to be used with a steep approach. Consideration

must be given to the following:

(i) the obstacle situation;

(ii) the type of glide path reference and runway guidance such as visual aids, MLS, 3D–NAV, ILS, LLZ, VOR,

NDB;

(iii) the minimum visual reference to be required at DH and MDA;

(iv) available airborne equipment;

(v) pilot qualification and special aerodrome familiarisation;

(vi) aeroplane flight manual limitations and procedures; and

(vii) missed approach criteria.

Appendix 2 to OPS 1. 550 (a)

Short landing operations

(a) For the purpose of OPS 1.550(a)(2), the distance used for the calculation of the permitted landing mass may consist
of the usable length of the declared safe area plus the declared landing distance available. The Authority may approve
such operations in accordance with the following criteria:

(1) the use of the declared safe area must be approved by the aerodrome Authority;

(2) the declared safe area must be clear of obstructions or depressions which would endanger an aeroplane under-
shooting the runway, and no mobile object shall be permitted on the declared safe area while the runway is
being used for short landing operations;

(3) the slope of the declared safe area must not exceed 5 % upward slope nor 2 % downward slope in the direction

of landing;

(4) the useable length of the declared safe area under the provisions of this Appendix shall not exceed 90 metres;

(5) the width of the declared safe area shall not be less than twice the runway width, centred on the extended

runway centreline;

(6) it is assumed that the crossing height over the beginning of the usable length of the declared safe area shall not

be less than 50ft.

(7) for the purpose of this operation, the bearing strength requirement of OPS 1.480(a)(5) need not apply to the

declared safe area.

(8) weather minima must be specified and approved for each runway to be used and shall not be less than the

greater of VFR or non precision approach minima;

(9) pilot requirements must be specified (OPS 1.975(a) refers);

(10) the Authority may impose such additional conditions as are necessary for safe operation taking into account the

aeroplane type characteristics, approach aids and missed approach/baulked landing considerations.

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SUBPART I

PERFORMANCE CLASS C

OPS 1.560

General

An operator shall ensure that, for determining compliance with the requirements of this subpart, the approved perfor-
mance data in the aeroplane flight manual is supplemented, as necessary, with other Data acceptable to the Authority if
the approved performance data in the aeroplane flight manual is insufficient.

OPS 1.565

Take-off

(a) An operator shall ensure that the take-off mass does not exceed the maximum take-off mass specified in the aeroplane
flight manual for the pressure altitude and the ambient temperature at the aerodrome at which the take-off is to be
made.

(b) An operator shall ensure that, for aeroplanes which have take-off field length data contained in their aeroplane flight
manuals that do not include engine failure accountability, the distance from the start of the take-off roll required by
the aeroplane to reach a height of 50 ft above the surface with all engines operating within the maximum take-off
power conditions specified, when multiplied by a factor of either:

(1) 1,33 for aeroplanes having two engines; or

(2) 1,25 for aeroplanes having three engines; or

(3) 1,18 for aeroplanes having four engines,

does not exceed the take-off run available at the aerodrome at which the take-off is to be made.

(c) An operator shall ensure that, for aeroplanes which have take-off field length data contained in their aeroplane flight
manuals which accounts for engine failure, the following requirements are met in accordance with the specifications
in the aeroplane flight manual:

(1) the accelerate-stop distance must not exceed the accelerate-stop distance available;

(2) the take-off distance must not exceed the take-off distance available, with a clearway distance not exceeding half

of the take-off run available;

(3) the take-off run must not exceed the take-off run available;

(4) compliance with this paragraph must be shown using a single value of V1 for the rejected and continued take-off;

and

(5) on a wet or contaminated runway the take-off mass must not exceed that permitted for a take-off on a dry

runway under the same conditions.

(d) When showing compliance with subparagraphs (b) and (c) above, an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(2) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;

(3) the runway surface condition and the type of runway surface;

(4) the runway slope in the direction of take-off;

(5) not more that 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tail-wind

component; and

(6) the loss, if any, of runway length due to alignment of the aeroplane prior to take-off.

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OPS 1.570

Take-off obstacle clearance

(a) An operator shall ensure that the take-off flight path with one engine inoperative clears all obstacles by a vertical
distance of at least 50 ft plus 0,01 x D, or by a horizontal distance of at least 90 m plus 0,125 x D, where D is the
horizontal distance the aeroplane has travelled from the end of the take-off distance available. For aeroplanes with a
wingspan of less than 60 m a horizontal obstacle clearance of half the aeroplane wingspan plus 60 m, plus 0,125 x
D may be used.

(b) The take-off flight path must begin at a height of 50 ft above the surface at the end of the take-off distance required

by OPS 1.565(b) or (c) as applicable, and end at a height of 1 500 ft above the surface.

(c) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement of the take-off run;

(2) the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;

(3) the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; and

(4) not more than 50 % of the reported head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the reported tail-wind

component.

(d) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), track changes shall not be allowed up to that point of the take-off
flight path where a height of 50 ft above the surface has been achieved. Thereafter, up to a height of 400 ft it is
assumed that the aeroplane is banked by no more than 15 o. Above 400 ft height bank angles greater than 15 o, but
not more than 25 o may be scheduled. Adequate allowance must be made for the effect of bank angle on operating
speeds and flight path including the distance increments resulting from increased operating speeds.

(e) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) for those cases which do not require track changes of more than

15 o, an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance greater than:

(1) 300 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the required navigational accuracy through the obstacle accountability area;

or

(2) 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.

(f) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a) for those cases which do require track changes of more than 15 o,

an operator need not consider those obstacles which have a lateral distance greater than:

(1) 600 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the required navigational accuracy through the obstacle accountability area;

or

(2) 900 m for flights under all other conditions.

(g) An operator shall establish contingency procedures to satisfy the requirements of OPS 1.570 and to provide a safe
route, avoiding obstacles, to enable the aeroplane to either comply with the en-route requirements of OPS 1.580, or
land at either the aerodrome of departure or at a take-off alternate aerodrome.

OPS 1.575

En-route — all engines operating

(a) An operator shall ensure that the aeroplane will, in the meteorological conditions expected for the flight, at any point
on its route or on any planned diversion therefrom, be capable of a rate of climb of at least 300 ft per minute with all
engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified at:

(1) the minimum altitudes for safe flight on each stage of the route to be flown or of any planned diversion therefrom
specified in, or calculated from the information contained in, the operations manual relating to the aeroplane; and

(2) the minimum altitudes necessary for compliance with the conditions prescribed in OPS 1.580 and 1.585, as

appropriate.

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OPS 1.580

En-route — one engine inoperative

(a) An operator shall ensure that the aeroplane will, in the meteorological conditions expected for the flight, in the event
of any one engine becoming inoperative at any point on its route or on any planned diversion therefrom and with
the other engine or engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified, be capable of
continuing the flight from the cruising altitude to an aerodrome where a landing can be made in accordance with
OPS 1.595 or OPS 1.600 as appropriate, clearing obstacles within 9,3 km (5 nm) either side of the intended track by
a vertical interval of at least:

(1) 1 000 ft when the rate of climb is zero or greater; or

(2) 2 000 ft when the rate of climb is less than zero.

(b) The flight path shall have a positive slope at an altitude of 450 m (1 500 ft) above the aerodrome where the landing

is assumed to be made after the failure of one engine.

(c) For the purpose of this subparagraph the available rate of climb of the aeroplane shall be taken to be 150 ft per

minute less than the gross rate of climb specified.

(d) When showing compliance with this paragraph, an operator must increase the width margins of subparagraph (a) to

18,5 km (10 nm) if the navigational accuracy does not meet the 95 % containment level.

(e) Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if a

safe procedure is used.

OPS 1.585

En-route — aeroplanes with three or more engines, two engines inoperative

(a) An operator shall ensure that, at no point along the intended track, will an aeroplane having three or more engines
be more than 90 minutes at the all-engine long range cruising speed at standard temperature in still air, away from an
aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected landing mass are met unless it complies
with subparagraphs (b) to (e).

(b) The two engines inoperative flight path shown must permit the aeroplane to continue the flight, in the expected
meteorological conditions, clearing all obstacles within 9,3 km (5 nm) either side of the intended track by a vertical
interval of at least 2 000 ft, to an aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected
landing mass are met.

(c) The two engines are assumed to fail at the most critical point of that portion of the route where the aeroplane is
more than 90 minutes, at the all engines long-range cruising speed at standard temperature in still air, away from an
aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected landing mass are met.

(d) The expected mass of the aeroplane at the point where the two engines are assumed to fail must not be less than that
which would include sufficient fuel to proceed to an aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made, and to
arrive there at an altitude of a least 450 m (1 500 ft) directly over the landing area and thereafter to fly level for 15
minutes.

(e) For the purpose of this subparagraph the available rate of climb of the aeroplane shall be taken to be 150 ft per

minute less than that specified.

(f) When showing compliance with this paragraph, an operator must increase the width margins of subparagraph (a) to

18,5 km (10 nm) if the navigational accuracy does not meet the 95 % containment level.

(g) Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if a

safe procedure is used.

OPS 1.590

Landing — destination and alternate aerodromes

An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475 (a) does not
exceed the maximum landing mass specified in the aeroplane flight manual for the altitude and, if accounted for in the
aeroplane flight manual, the ambient temperature expected for the estimated time of landing at the destination and alter-
nate aerodrome.

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OPS 1.595

Landing — dry runways

(a) An operator shall ensure that the landing mass of the aeroplane determined in accordance with OPS 1.475(a) for the
estimated time of landing allows a full stop landing from 50 ft above the threshold within 70 % of the landing
distance available at the destination and any alternate aerodrome.

(b) When showing compliance with subparagraph (a), an operator must take account of the following:

(1) the altitude at the aerodrome;

(2) not more than 50 % of the head-wind component or not less than 150 % of the tail-wind component;

(3) the type of runway surface; and

(4) the slope of the runway in the direction of landing.

(c) For despatching an aeroplane in accordance with subparagraph (a) above it must be assumed that:

(1) the aeroplane will land on the most favourable runway in still air; and

(2) the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely to be assigned considering the probable wind speed and direc-
tion and the ground handling characteristics of the aeroplane, and considering other conditions such as landing
aids and terrain.

(d) If an operator is unable to comply with subparagraph (c)(2) above for the destination aerodrome, the aeroplane may
be despatched if an alternate aerodrome is designated which permits full compliance with subparagraphs (a), (b) and
(c).

OPS 1.600

Landing — wet and contaminated runways

(a) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be wet, the landing distance available is equal to or exceeds the
required landing distance, determined in accordance with OPS 1.595, multiplied by a factor of 1,15.

(b) An operator shall ensure that when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, indicate
that the runway at the estimated time of arrival may be contaminated, the landing distance determined by using data
acceptable to the Authority for these conditions, does not exceed the landing distance available.

SUBPART J

MASS AND BALANCE

OPS 1.605

General

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.605)

(a) An operator shall ensure that during any phase of operation, the loading, mass and centre of gravity of the aeroplane
complies with the limitations specified in the approved aeroplane flight manual, or the operations manual if more
restrictive.

(b) An operator must establish the mass and the centre of gravity of any aeroplane by actual weighing prior to initial
entry into service and thereafter at intervals of four years if individual aeroplane masses are used and nine years if
fleet masses are used. The accumulated effects of modifications and repairs on the mass and balance must be
accounted for and properly documented. Furthermore, aeroplanes must be reweighed if the effect of modifications on
the mass and balance is not accurately known.

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(c) An operator must determine the mass of all operating items and crew members included in the aeroplane dry oper-
ating mass by weighing or by using standard masses. The influence of their position on the aeroplane centre of
gravity must be determined.

(d) An operator must establish the mass of the traffic load, including any ballast, by actual weighing or determine the

mass of the traffic load in accordance with standard passenger and baggage masses as specified in OPS 1.620.

(e) An operator must determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or, if not known, the density calcu-

lated in accordance with a method specified in the operations manual.

OPS 1.607

Terminology

(a) Dry operating mass. The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel

and traffic load. This mass includes items such as:

(1) crew and crew baggage;

(2) catering and removable passenger service equipment; and

(3) potable water and lavatory chemicals.

(b) Maximum zero fuel mass. The maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel. The mass of the fuel
contained in particular tanks must be included in the zero fuel mass when it is explicitly mentioned in the aeroplane
flight manual limitations.

(c) Maximum structural
circumstances.

landing mass. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass upon landing under normal

(d) Maximum structural take-off mass. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run.

(e) Passenger classification.

(1) Adults, male and female, are defined as persons of an age of 12 years and above.

(2) Children are defined as persons who are of an age of two years and above but who are less than 12 years of age.

(3) Infants are defined as persons who are less than two years of age.

(f) Traffic load. The total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non-revenue load.

OPS 1.610

Loading, mass and balance

An operator shall specify, in the operations manual, the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass
and balance system that meet the requirements of OPS 1.605. This system must cover all types of intended operations.

OPS 1.615

Mass values for crew

(a) An operator shall use the following mass values to determine the dry operating mass:

(1) actual masses including any crew baggage; or

(2) standard masses, including hand baggage, of 85 kg for flight crew members and 75 kg for cabin crew members;

or

(3) other standard masses acceptable to the Authority.

(b) An operator must correct the dry operating mass to account for any additional baggage. The position of this addi-

tional baggage must be accounted for when establishing the centre of gravity of the aeroplane.

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OPS 1.620

Mass values for passengers and baggage

(a) An operator shall compute the mass of passengers and checked baggage using either the actual weighed mass of each
person and the actual weighed mass of baggage or the standard mass values specified in Tables 1 to 3 except where
the number of passenger seats available is less than 10. In such cases passenger mass may be established by use of a
verbal statement by, or on behalf of, each passenger and adding to it a predetermined constant to account for hand
baggage and clothing. (The procedure specifying when to select actual or standard masses and the procedure to be
followed when using verbal statements must be included in the operations manual).

(b) If determining the actual mass by weighing, an operator must ensure that passengers' personal belongings and hand
baggage are included. Such weighing must be conducted immediately prior to boarding and at an adjacent location.

(c)

If determining the mass of passengers using standard mass values, the standard mass values in Tables 1 and 2 below
must be used. The standard masses include hand baggage and the mass of any infant below two years of age carried
by an adult on one passenger seat. Infants occupying separate passenger seats must be considered as children for the
purpose of this subparagraph.

(d) Mass values for passengers — 20 seats or more

(1) Where the total number of passenger seats available on an aeroplane is 20 or more, the standard masses of male
and female in Table 1 are applicable. As an alternative, in cases where the total number of passenger seats available
is 30 or more, the “All adult” mass values in Table 1 are applicable.

(2) For the purpose of Table 1, holiday charter means a charter flight solely intended as an element of a holiday
travel package. The holiday charter mass values apply provided that not more than 5 % of passenger seats installed
in the aeroplane are used for the non-revenue carriage of certain categories of passengers.

Passenger seats:

All flights except holiday charters

Holiday charters

Children

Table 1

Male

88 kg

83 kg

35 kg

20 and more

30 and more All adult

Female

70 kg

69 kg

35 kg

84 kg

76 kg

35 kg

(e) Mass values for passengers — 19 seats or less.

(1) Where the total number of passenger seats available on an aeroplane is 19 or less, the standard masses in Table 2

are applicable.

(2) On flights where no hand baggage is carried in the cabin or where hand baggage is accounted for separately, 6 kg
may be deducted from the above male and female masses. Articles such as an overcoat, an umbrella, a small
handbag or purse, reading material or a small camera are not considered as hand baggage for the purpose of this
subparagraph.

Passenger seats

Male

Female

Children

Table 2

1 — 5

104 kg

86 kg

35 kg

6 — 9

96 kg

78 kg

35 kg

10 — 19

92 kg

74 kg

35 kg

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(f) Mass values for baggage

(1) Where the total number of passenger seats available on the aeroplane is 20 or more the standard mass values
given in Table 3 are applicable for each piece of checked baggage. For aeroplanes with 19 passenger seats or less,
the actual mass of checked baggage, determined by weighing, must be used.

(2) For the purpose of Table 3:

(i) domestic flight means a flight with origin and destination within the borders of one State;

(ii) flights within the European region means flights, other than domestic flights, whose origin and destination

are within the area specified in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.620 (f); and

(iii) intercontinental flight, other than flights within the European region, means a flight with origin and destina-

tion in different continents.

Table 3

20 or more seats

Type of flight

Baggage standard mass

Domestic

Within the European region

Intercontinental

All other

11 kg

13 kg

15 kg

13 kg

(g)

If an operator wishes to use standard mass values other than those contained in Tables 1 to 3, he must advise the
Authority of his reasons and gain its approval in advance. He must also submit for approval a detailed weighing
survey plan and apply the statistical analysis method given in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.620(g). After verification and
approval by the Authority of the results of the weighing survey, the revised standard mass values are only applicable
to that operator. The revised standard mass values can only be used in circumstances consistent with those under
which the survey was conducted. Where revised standard masses exceed those in Tables 1 to 3, then such higher
values must be used.

(h) On any flight identified as carrying a significant number of passengers whose masses, including hand baggage, are
expected to exceed the standard passenger mass, an operator must determine the actual mass of such passengers by
weighing or by adding an adequate mass increment.

(i)

If standard mass values for checked baggage are used and a significant number of passengers check in baggage that is
expected to exceed the standard baggage mass, an operator must determine the actual mass of such baggage by
weighing or by adding an adequate mass increment.

(j) An operator shall ensure that a commander is advised when a non-standard method has been used for determining

the mass of the load and that this method is stated in the mass and balance documentation.

OPS 1.625

Mass and balance documentation

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.625)

(a) An operator shall establish mass and balance documentation prior to each flight specifying the load and its distribu-
tion. The mass and balance documentation must enable the commander to determine that the load and its distribu-
tion is such that the mass and balance limits of the aeroplane are not exceeded. The person preparing the mass and
balance documentation must be named on the document. The person supervising the loading of the aeroplane must
confirm by signature that the load and its distribution are in accordance with the mass and balance documentation.
This document must be acceptable to the commander, his/her acceptance being indicated by countersignature or
equivalent. (See also OPS 1.1055(a)(12)).

(b) An operator must specify procedures for last-minute changes to the load.

(c) Subject to the approval of the Authority, an operator may use an alternative to the procedures required by paragraphs

(a) and (b).

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.605

Mass and balance — general

(See OPS 1.605)

(a) Determination of the dry operating mass of an aeroplane

(1) Weighing of an aeroplane

(i) New aeroplanes are normally weighed at the factory and are eligible to be placed into operation without
reweighing if the mass and balance records have been adjusted for alterations or modifications to the aero-
plane. Aeroplanes transferred from one operator with an approved mass control programme to another
operator with an approved programme need not be weighed prior to use by the receiving operator unless
more than four years have elapsed since the last weighing.

(ii) The individual mass and centre of gravity (CG) position of each aeroplane shall be re-established periodically.
The maximum interval between two weighings must be defined by the operator and must meet the require-
ments of OPS 1.605(b). In addition, the mass and the CG of each aeroplane shall be re-established either by:

(A) weighing; or

(B) calculation,

if the operator is able to provide the necessary justification to prove the validity of the
method of calculation chosen, whenever the cumulative changes to the dry operating mass exceed ±
0,5 % of the maximum landing mass or the cumulative change in CG position exceeds 0,5 % of the mean
aerodynamic chord.

(2) Fleet mass and CG position

(i) For a fleet or group of aeroplanes of the same model and configuration, an average dry operating mass and
CG position may be used as the fleet mass and CG position, provided that the dry operating masses and CG
positions of the individual aeroplanes meet the tolerances specified in subparagraph (ii) below. Furthermore,
the criteria specified in subparagraphs (iii), (iv) and (a)(3) below are applicable.

(ii) Tolerances

(A) If the dry operating mass of any aeroplane weighed, or the calculated dry operating mass of any aero-
plane of a fleet, varies by more than ±0,5 % of the maximum structural landing mass from the estab-
lished dry operating fleet mass or the CG position varies by more than ±0,5 % of the mean aero-
dynamic chord from the fleet CG, that aeroplane shall be omitted from that fleet. Separate fleets may be
established, each with differing fleet mean masses.

(B) In cases where the aeroplane mass is within the dry operating fleet mass tolerance but its CG position
falls outsides the permitted fleet tolerance, the aeroplane may still be operated under the applicable dry
operating fleet mass but with an individual CG position.

(C) If an individual aeroplane has, when compared with other aeroplanes of the fleet, a physical, accurately
accountable difference (e.g. galley or seat configuration), that causes exceedance of the fleet tolerances,
this aeroplane may be maintained in the fleet provided that appropriate corrections are applied to the
mass and/or CG position for that aeroplane.

(D) Aeroplanes for which no mean aerodynamic chord has been published must be operated with their indi-

vidual mass and CG position values or must be subjected to a special study and approval.

(iii) Use of fleet values

(A) After the weighing of an aeroplane, or if any change occurs in the aeroplane equipment or configuration,
the operator must verify that this aeroplane falls within the tolerances specified in subparagraph (2)(ii).

(B) Aeroplanes which have not been weighed since the last fleet mass evaluation can still be kept in a fleet
operated with fleet values, provided that the individual values are revised by computation and stay within
the tolerances defined in subparagraph (2)(ii). If these individual values no longer fall within the permitted
tolerances,
the operator must either determine new fleet values fulfilling the conditions of sub-
paragraphs (2)(i) and (2)(ii), or operate the aeroplanes not falling within the limits with their individual
values.

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(C) To add an aeroplane to a fleet operated with fleet values, the operator must verify by weighing or compu-

tation that its actual values fall within the tolerances specified in subparagraph (2)(ii).

(iv) To comply with subparagraph (2)(i), the fleet values must be updated at least at the end of each fleet mass

evaluation.

(3) Number of aeroplanes to be weighed to obtain fleet values

(i) If “n” is the number of aeroplanes in the fleet using fleet values, the operator must at least weigh, in the

period between two fleet mass evaluations, a certain number of aeroplanes defined in the table:

Number of aeroplanes in the fleet

Minimum number of weighings

2 or 3

4 to 9

N

(n + 3)/2

10 or more

(n + 51)/10

(ii) In choosing the aeroplanes to be weighed, aeroplanes in the fleet which have not been weighed for the

longest time should be selected.

(iii) The interval between two fleet mass evaluations must not exceed 48 months.

(4) Weighing procedure

(i) The weighing must be accomplished either by the manufacturer or by an approved maintenance organisation.

(ii) Normal precautions must be taken consistent with good practices such as:

(A) checking for completeness of the aeroplane and equipment;

(B) determining that fluids are properly accounted for;

(C) ensuring that the aeroplane is clean; and

(D) ensuring that weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building.

(iii) Any equipment used for weighing must be properly calibrated, zeroed, and used in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. Each scale must be calibrated either by the manufacturer, by a civil department of
weights and measures or by an appropriately authorised organisation within two years or within a time
period defined by the manufacturer of the weighing equipment, whichever is less. The equipment must
enable the mass of the aeroplane to be established accurately.

(b) Special standard masses for the traffic load. In addition to standard masses for passengers and checked baggage, an

operator can submit for approval to the Authority standard masses for other load items.

(c) Aeroplane loading

(1) An operator must ensure that the loading of its aeroplanes is performed under the supervision of qualified

personnel.

(2) An operator must ensure that the loading of the freight is consistent with the data used for the calculation of the

aeroplane mass and balance.

(3) An operator must comply with additional structural limits such as the floor strength limitations, the maximum

load per running metre, the maximum mass per cargo compartment, and/or the maximum seating limits.

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(d) Centre of gravity limits

(1) Operational CG envelope. Unless seat allocation is applied and the effects of the number of passengers per seat
row, of cargo in individual cargo compartments and of fuel in individual tanks is accounted for accurately in the
balance calculation, operational margins must be applied to the certificated centre of gravity envelope. In deter-
mining the CG margins, possible deviations from the assumed load distribution must be considered. If free seating
is applied, the operator must introduce procedures to ensure corrective action by flight or cabin crew if extreme
longitudinal seat selection occurs. The CG margins and associated operational procedures, including assumptions
with regard to passenger seating, must be acceptable to the Authority.

(2) In-flight centre of gravity. Further to subparagraph (d)(1), the operator must show that the procedures fully
account for the extreme variation in CG travel during flight caused by passenger/crew movement and fuel
consumption/transfer.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.620(f)

Definition of the area for flights within the European region

For the purposes of OPS 1.620(f), flights within the European region, other than domestic flights, are flights conducted
within the area bounded by rhumb lines between the following points:

— N7200

E04500

— N4000

E04500

— N3500

E03700

— N3000

E03700

— N3000

W00600

— N2700

W00900

— N2700

W03000

— N6700

W03000

— N7200

W01000

— N7200

E04500

as depicted in Figure 1 below:

Figure 1

European region

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.620(g)

Procedure for establishing revised standard mass values for passengers and baggage

(a) Passengers

(1) Weight sampling method. The average mass of passengers and their hand baggage must be determined by
weighing, taking random samples. The selection of random samples must by nature and extent be representative
of the passenger volume, considering the type of operation, the frequency of flights on various routes,
in/
outbound flights, applicable season and seat capacity of the aeroplane.

(2) Sample size. The survey plan must cover the weighing of at least the greatest of:

(i) a number of passengers calculated from a pilot sample, using normal statistical procedures and based on a
relative confidence range (accuracy) of 1 % for all adult and 2 % for separate male and female average masses;
and

(ii) for aeroplanes:

(A) with a passenger seating capacity of 40 or more, a total of 2 000 passengers; or

(B) with a passenger seating capacity of less than 40, a total number of 50 x (the passenger seating capacity).

(3) Passenger masses. Passenger masses must include the mass of the passengers' belongings which are carried when
entering the aeroplane. When taking random samples of passenger masses, infants shall be weighted together with
the accompanying adult. (See also OPS 1620(c), (d) and (e).

(4) Weighing location. The location for the weighing of passengers shall be selected as close as possible to the aero-
plane, at a point where a change in the passenger mass by disposing of or by acquiring more personal belongings
is unlikely to occur before the passengers board the aeroplane.

(5) Weighing machine. The weighing machine to be used for passenger weighing shall have a capacity of at least
150 kg. The mass shall be displayed at minimum graduations of 500 g. The weighing machine must be accurate
to within 0,5 % or 200 g whichever is the greater.

(6) Recording of mass values. For each flight included in the survey the mass of the passengers, the corresponding

passenger category (i.e. male/female/children) and the flight number must be recorded.

(b) Checked baggage. The statistical procedure for determining revised standard baggage mass values based on average
baggage masses of the minimum required sample size is basically the same as for passengers and as specified in sub-
paragraph (a)(1). For baggage, the relative confidence range (accuracy) amounts to 1 %. A minimum of 2 000 pieces
of checked baggage must be weighed.

(c) Determination of revised standard mass values for passengers and checked baggage

(1) To ensure that, in preference to the use of actual masses determined by weighing, the use of revised standard mass
values for passengers and checked baggage does not adversely affect operational safety, a statistical analysis must
be carried out. Such an analysis will generate average mass values for passengers and baggage as well as other
data.

(2) On aeroplanes with 20 or more passenger seats, these averages apply as revised standard male and female mass

values.

(3) On smaller aeroplanes, the following increments must be added to the average passenger mass to obtain the

revised standard mass values:

Number of passenger seats

Required mass increment

1 — 5 incl.

6 — 9 incl.

10 — 19 incl.

16 kg

8 kg

4 kg

Alternatively, all adult revised standard (average) mass values may be applied on aeroplanes with 30 or more
passenger seats. Revised standard (average) checked baggage mass values are applicable to aeroplanes with 20 or
more passenger seats.

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(4) Operators have the option to submit a detailed survey plan to the Authority for approval and subsequently a
deviation from the revised standard mass value provided this deviating value is determined by use of the proce-
dure explained in this Appendix. Such deviations must be reviewed at intervals not exceeding five years.

(5) All adult revised standard mass values must be based on a male/female ratio of 80/20 in respect of all flights
except holiday charters which are 50/50. If an operator wishes to obtain approval for use of a different ratio on
specific routes or flights then data must be submitted to the Authority showing that the alternative male/female
ratio is conservative and covers at least 84 % of the actual male/female ratios on a sample of at least 100 repre-
sentative flights.

(6) The average mass values found are rounded to the nearest whole number in kg. Checked baggage mass values are

rounded to the nearest 0,5 kg figure, as appropriate.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.625

Mass and balance documentation

(a) Mass and balance documentation

(1) Contents

(i) The mass and balance documentation must contain the following information:

(A) the aeroplane registration and type;

(B) the flight identification number and date;

(C) the identity of the commander;

(D) the identity of the person who prepared the document;

(E) the dry operating mass and the corresponding CG of the aeroplane;

(F) the mass of the fuel at take-off and the mass of trip fuel;

(G) the mass of consumables other than fuel;

(H) the components of the load including passengers, baggage, freight and ballast;

(I) the take-off mass, landing mass and zero fuel mass;

(J) the load distribution;

(K) the applicable aeroplane CG positions; and

(L) the limiting mass and CG values.

(ii) Subject to the approval of the Authority, an operator may omit some of this data from the mass and balance

documentation.

(2) Last-minute change. If any last-minute change occurs after the completion of the mass and balance documenta-
tion, this must be brought to the attention of the commander and the last-minute change must be entered on the
mass and balance documentation. The maximum allowed change in the number of passengers or hold load accep-
table as a last-minute change must be specified in the operations manual. If this number is exceeded, new mass
and balance documentation must be prepared.

(b) Computerised systems. Where mass and balance documentation is generated by a computerised mass and balance
system, the operator must verify the integrity of the output data. He must establish a system to check that amend-
ments of his input data are incorporated properly in the system and that the system is operating correctly on a contin-
uous basis by verifying the output data at intervals not exceeding six months.

(c) Onboard mass and balance systems. An operator must obtain the approval of the Authority if he wishes to use an

onboard mass and balance computer system as a primary source for despatch.

(d) Datalink. When mass and balance documentation is sent to aeroplanes via datalink, a copy of the final mass and

balance documentation as accepted by the commander must be available on the ground.

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SUBPART K

INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

OPS 1.630

General introduction

(a) An operator shall ensure that a flight does not commence unless the instruments and equipment required under this

subpart are:

(1) approved, except as specified in subparagraph (c), and installed in accordance with the requirements applicable to
them, including the minimum performance standard and the operational and airworthiness requirements; and

(2) in operable condition for the kind of operation being conducted except as provided in the MEL (OPS 1.030

refers).

(b) Instruments and equipment minimum performance standards are those prescribed in the applicable European Tech-
nical Standard Orders (ETSO) as listed in applicable Specifications on European Technical Standard Orders (CS-TSO),
unless different performance standards are prescribed in the operational or airworthiness codes. Instruments and
equipment complying with design and performance specifications other than ETSO on the date of OPS implementa-
tion may remain in service, or be installed, unless additional requirements are prescribed in this subpart. Instruments
and equipment that have already been approved do not need to comply with a revised ETSO or a revised specification,
other than ETSO, unless a retroactive requirement is prescribed.

(c) The following items shall not be required to have an equipment approval:

(1) fuses referred to in OPS 1.635;

(2) electric torches referred to in OPS 1.640(a)(4);

(3) an accurate time piece referred to in OPS 1.650(b) and 1.652(b);

(4) chart holder referred to in OPS 1.652(n).

(5) first-aid kits referred to in OPS 1.745;

(6) emergency medical kit referred to in OPS 1.755;

(7) megaphones referred to in OPS 1.810;

(8) survival and pyrotechnic signalling equipment referred to in OPS 1.835(a) and (c); and

(9) sea anchors and equipment for mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring seaplanes and amphibians on water referred

to in OPS 1.840.

(d) If equipment is to be used by one flight crew member at his/her station during flight, it must be readily operable
from his/her station. When a single item of equipment is required to be operated by more than one flight crew
member it must be installed so that the equipment is readily operable from any station at which the equipment is
required to be operated.

(e) Those instruments that are used by any one flight crew member shall be so arranged as to permit the flight crew
member to see the indications readily from his/her station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position
and line of vision which he/she normally assumes when looking forward along the flight path. Whenever a single
instrument is required in an aeroplane operated by more than one flight crew member it must be installed so that the
instrument is visible from each applicable flight crew station.

OPS 1.635

Circuit protection devices

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in which fuses are used unless there are spare fuses available for use in flight
equal to at least 10 % of the number of fuses of each rating or three of each rating whichever is the greater.

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OPS 1.640

Aeroplane operating lights

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is equipped with:

(a) For flight by day:

(1) anti-collision light system;

(2) lighting supplied from the aeroplane's electrical system to provide adequate illumination for all instruments and

equipment essential to the safe operation of the aeroplane;

(3) lighting supplied from the aeroplane's electrical system to provide illumination in all passenger compartments;

and

(4) an electric torch for each required crew member readily accessible to crew members when seated at their desig-

nated station.

(b) For flight by night, in addition to equipment specified in paragraph (a) above:

(1) navigation/position lights; and

(2) two landing lights or a single light having two separately energised filaments; and

(3) lights to conform with the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea if the aeroplane is a seaplane

or an amphibian.

OPS 1.645

Windshield wipers

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 5 700 kg unless it is
equipped at each pilot station with a windshield wiper or equivalent means to maintain a clear portion of the windshield
during precipitation.

OPS 1.650

Day VFR operations — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane by day in accordance with visual flight rules (VFR) unless it is equipped with
the flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment and, where applicable, under the conditions stated in
the following subparagraphs:

(a) a magnetic compass;

(b) an accurate timepiece showing the time in hours, minutes, and seconds;

(c) a sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting, calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable

for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight;

(d) an airspeed indicator calibrated in knots;

(e) a vertical speed indicator;

(f) a turn and slip indicator, or a turn coordinator incorporating a slip indicator;

(g) an attitude indicator;

(h) a stabilised direction indicator; and

(i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature calibrated in degrees Celsius.

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(j) For flights which do not exceed 60 minutes duration, which take off and land at the same aerodrome, and which
remain within 50 nm of that aerodrome, the instruments prescribed in subparagraphs (f), (g) and (h) above, and
subparagraphs (k)(4), (k)(5) and (k)(6) below, may all be replaced by either a turn and slip indicator, or a turn co-ordi-
nator incorporating a slip indicator, or both an attitude indicator and a slip indicator.

(k) Whenever two pilots are required the second pilot's station shall have separate instruments as follows:

(1) a sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in ft with a sub-scale setting calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable

for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight;

(2) an airspeed indicator calibrated in knots;

(3) a vertical speed indicator;

(4) a turn and slip indicator, or a turn coordinator incorporating a slip indicator;

(5) an attitude indicator; and

(6) a stabilised direction indicator.

(l) Each airspeed indicating system must be equipped with a heated pitot tube or equivalent means for preventing

malfunction due to either condensation or icing for:

(1) aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5 700 kg or having a maximum approved

passenger seating configuration of more than nine;

(2) aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1 April 1999.

(m) Whenever duplicate instruments are required, the requirement embraces separate displays for each pilot and separate

selectors or other associated equipment where appropriate.

(n) All aeroplanes must be equipped with means for indicating when power is not adequately supplied to the required

flight instruments; and

(o) All aeroplanes with compressibility limitations not otherwise indicated by the required airspeed indicators shall be

equipped with a Mach number indicator at each pilot's station.

(p) An operator shall not conduct day VFR operations unless the aeroplane is equipped with a headset with boom micro-

phone or equivalent for each flight crew member on flight deck duty.

OPS 1.652

IFR or night operations — flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in accordance with instrument flight rules (IFR) or by night in accordance
with visual flight rules (VFR) unless it is equipped with the flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment
and, where applicable, under the conditions stated in the following subparagraphs:

(a) a magnetic compass;

(b) an accurate time-piece showing the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

(c) two sensitive pressure altimeters calibrated in feet with sub-scale settings, calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjus-
table for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight; These altimeters must have counter drum-pointer or
equivalent presentation.

(d) an airspeed indicating system with heated pitot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to either
condensation or icing including a warning indication of pitot heater failure. The pitot heater failure warning indica-
tion requirement does not apply to those aeroplanes with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of
nine or less or a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less and issued with an individual certificate of
airworthiness prior to 1 April 1998;

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(e) a vertical speed indicator;

(f) a turn and slip indicator;

(g) an attitude indicator;

(h) a stabilised direction indicator;

(i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature calibrated in degrees Celsius; and

(j) two independent static pressure systems, except that for propeller driven aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-

off mass of 5 700 kg or less, one static pressure system and one alternate source of static pressure is allowed.

(k) Whenever two pilots are required the second pilot's station shall have separate instruments as follows:

(1) A sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting, calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjus-
table for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight and which may be one of the two altimeters
required by subparagraph (c). These altimeters must have counter drum-pointer or equivalent presentation.

(2) An airspeed indicating system with heated pitot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to
either condensation or icing including a warning indication of pitot heater failure. The pitot heater failure
warning indication requirement does not apply to those aeroplanes with a maximum approved passenger seating
configuration of nine or less or a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less and issued with an
individual certificate of airworthiness prior to 1 April 1998;

(3) a vertical speed indicator;

(4) a turn and slip indicator;

(5) an attitude indicator; and

(6) a stabilised direction indicator.

(l) Those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5 700 kg or having a maximum approved
passenger seating configuration of more than nine seats must be equipped with an additional, standby attitude indi-
cator (artificial horizon), capable of being used from either pilot's station, that:

(1) is powered continuously during normal operation and, after a total failure of the normal electrical generating

system is powered from a source independent of the normal electrical generating system;

(2) provides reliable operation for a minimum of 30 minutes after total failure of the normal electrical generating

system, taking into account other loads on the emergency power supply and operational procedures;

(3) operates independently of any other attitude indicating system;

(4) is operative automatically after total failure of the normal electrical generating system; and

(5) is appropriately illuminated during all phases of operation,

except for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less, already registered in a Member
State on 1 April 1995, equipped with a standby attitude indicator in the left-hand instrument panel.

(m) In complying with subparagraph (l), it must be clearly evident to the flight crew when the standby attitude indicator,
required by that subparagraph, is being operated by emergency power. Where the standby attitude indicator has its
own dedicated power supply there shall be an associated indication, either on the instrument or on the instrument
panel, when this supply is in use.

(n) A chart holder in an easily readable position which can be illuminated for night operations.

(o) If the standby attitude instrument system is certificated according to CS 25.1303(b)(4) or equivalent, the turn and

slip indicators may be replaced by slip indicators.

(p) Whenever duplicate instruments are required, the requirement embraces separate displays for each pilot and separate

selectors or other associated equipment where appropriate;

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(q) All aeroplanes must be equipped with means for indicating when power is not adequately supplied to the required

flight instruments; and

(r) All aeroplanes with compressibility limitations not otherwise indicated by the required airspeed indicators shall be

equipped with a Mach number indicator at each pilot's station.

(s) An operator shall not conduct IFR or night operations unless the aeroplane is equipped with a headset with boom
microphone or equivalent for each flight crew member on flight deck duty and a transmit button on the control
wheel for each required pilot.

OPS 1.655

Additional equipment for single pilot operation under IFR or at night

An operator shall not conduct single pilot IFR operations unless the aeroplane is equipped with an autopilot with at least
altitude hold and heading mode.

OPS 1.660

Altitude alerting system

(a) An operator shall not operate a turbine propeller powered aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass in
excess of 5 700 kg or having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine seats or a
turbojet powered aeroplane unless it is equipped with an altitude alerting system capable of:

(1) alerting the flight crew upon approaching a preselected altitude; and

(2) alerting the flight crew by at least an aural signal, when deviating above or below a preselected altitude,

except for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less having a maximum approved
passenger seating configuration of more than nine and first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness
before 1 April 1972 and already registered in a Member State on 1 April 1995.

OPS 1.665

Ground proximity warning system and terrain awareness warning system

(a) An operator shall not operate a turbine powered aeroplane having a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
5 700 kg or a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine unless it is equipped with a
ground proximity warning system that includes a predictive terrain hazard warning function (Terrain Awareness and
Warning System — TAWS).

(b) The ground proximity warning system must automatically provide, by means of aural signals, which may be supple-
mented by visual signals, timely and distinctive warning to the flight crew of sink rate, ground proximity, altitude loss
after take-off or go-around, incorrect landing configuration and downward glide slope deviation.

(c) The terrain awareness and warning system must automatically provide the flight crew, by means of visual and aural
signals and a terrain awareness display, with sufficient alerting time to prevent controlled flight into terrain events,
and provided a forward looking capability and terrain clearance floor.

OPS 1.668

Airborne Collision Avoidance System

An operator shall not operate a turbine powered aeroplane having a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
5 700 kg or a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19 unless it is equipped with an
airborne collision avoidance system with a minimum performance level of at least ACAS II.

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OPS 1.670

Airborne weather radar equipment

(a) An operator shall not operate:

(1) a pressurised aeroplane; or

(2) an unpressurised aeroplane which has a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 5 700 kg; or

(3) an unpressurised aeroplane having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine seats,
unless it is equipped with airborne weather radar equipment whenever such an aeroplane is being operated at
night or in instrument meteorological conditions in areas where thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous
weather conditions, regarded as detectable with airborne weather radar, may be expected to exist along the route.

(b) For propeller driven pressurised aeroplanes having a maximum certificated take-off mass not exceeding 5 700 kg with
a maximum approved passenger seating configuration not exceeding nine seats the airborne weather radar equipment
may be replaced by other equipment capable of detecting thunderstorms and other potentially hazardous weather
conditions, regarded as detectable with airborne weather radar equipment, subject to approval by the Authority.

OPS 1.675

Equipment for operations in icing conditions

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in expected or actual icing conditions unless it is certificated and equipped

to operate in icing conditions.

(b) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in expected or actual icing conditions at night unless it is equipped with a
means to illuminate or detect the formation of ice. Any illumination that is used must be of a type that will not cause
glare or reflection that would handicap crew members in the performance of their duties.

OPS 1.680

Cosmic radiation detection equipment

An operator shall ensure that aeroplanes intended to be operated above 15 000 m (49 000 ft) are equipped with an
instrument to measure and indicate continuously the dose rate of total cosmic radiation being received (i.e. the total of
ionising and neutron radiation of galactic and solar origin) and the cumulative dose on each flight.

OPS 1.685

Flight crew interphone system

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane on which a flight crew of more than one is required unless it is equipped with
a flight crew interphone system, including headsets and microphones, not of a handheld type, for use by all members of
the flight crew.

OPS 1.690

Crew member interphone system

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 15 000 kg or
having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19 unless it is equipped with a crew
member interphone system except for aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness before 1
April 1965 and already registered in a Member State on 1 April 1995.

(b) The crew member interphone system required by this paragraph must:

(1) operate independently of the public address system except for handsets, headsets, microphones, selector switches

and signalling devices;

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(2) provide a means of two-way communication between the flight crew compartment and:

(i) each passenger compartment;

(ii) each galley located other than on a passenger deck level; and

(iii) each remote crew compartment that is not on the passenger deck and is not easily accessible from a

passenger compartment;

(3) be readily accessible for use from each of the required flight crew stations in the flight crew compartment;

(4) be readily accessible for use at required cabin crew member stations close to each separate or pair of floor level

emergency exits;

(5) have an alerting system incorporating aural or visual signals for use by flight crew members to alert the cabin

crew and for use by cabin crew members to alert the flight crew;

(6) have a means for the recipient of a call to determine whether it is a normal call or an emergency call; and

(7) provide on the ground a means of two-way communication between ground personnel and at least two flight

crew members.

OPS 1.695

Public address system

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than

19 unless a public address system is installed.

(b) The public address system required by this paragraph must:

(1) operate independently of the interphone systems except for handsets, headsets, microphones, selector switches

and signalling devices;

(2) be readily accessible for immediate use from each required flight crew member station;

(3) for each required floor level passenger emergency exit which has an adjacent cabin crew seat, have a microphone
which is readily accessible to the seated cabin crew member, except that one microphone may serve more than
one exit, provided the proximity of the exits allows unassisted verbal communication between seated cabin crew
members;

(4) be capable of operation within 10 seconds by a cabin crew member at each of those stations in the compartment

from which its use is accessible; and

(5) be audible and intelligible at all passenger seats, toilets and cabin crew seats and work stations.

OPS 1.700

Cockpit voice recorders — 1

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness, on or after 1

April 1998, which:

(1) is multi-engine turbine powered and has a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than

nine; or

(2) has a maximum certificated take-off mass over 5 700 kg,

unless it is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder which, with reference to a time scale, records:

(i) voice communications transmitted from or received on the flight deck by radio;

(ii) the aural environment of the flight deck, including without interruption, the audio signals received from each

boom and mask microphone in use;

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(iii) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the aeroplane's interphone system;

(iv) voice or audio signals identifying navigation or approach aids introduced into a headset or speaker; and

(v) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the public address system, if installed.

(b) The cockpit voice recorder shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last two hours of its
operation except that, for those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less, this period
may be reduced to 30 minutes.

(c) The cockpit voice recorder must start automatically to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and
continue to record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its
own power. In addition, depending on the availability of electrical power, the cockpit voice recorder must start to
record as early as possible during the cockpit checks prior to engine start at the beginning of the flight until the
cockpit checks immediately following engine shutdown at the end of the flight.

(d) The cockpit voice recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

OPS 1.705

Cockpit voice recorders — 2

(a) An operator shall not operate any multi-engined turbine aeroplane first issued with an individual Certificate of
Airworthiness, on or after 1 January 1990 up to and including 31 March 1998 which has a maximum certificated
take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less and a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine,
unless it is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder which records:

(1) voice communications transmitted from or received on the flight deck by radio;

(2) the aural environment of the flight deck, including where practicable, without interruption, the audio signals

received from each boom and mask microphone in use;

(3) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the aeroplane's interphone system;

(4) voice or audio signals identifying navigation or approach aids introduced into a headset or speaker; and

(5) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the public address system, if installed.

(b) The cockpit voice recorder shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its

operation.

(c) The cockpit voice recorder must start to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and continue to
record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power. In
addition, depending on the availability of electrical power, the cockpit voice recorder must start to record as early as
possible during the cockpit checks, prior to the flight until the cockpit checks immediately following engine shutdown
at the end of the flight.

(d) The cockpit voice recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

OPS 1.710

Cockpit voice recorders — 3

(a) An operator shall not operate any aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass over 5 700 kg first issued
with an individual certificate of airworthiness, before 1 April 1998 unless it is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder
which records:

(1) voice communications transmitted from or received on the flight deck by radio;

(2) the aural environment of the flight deck;

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(3) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the aeroplane's interphone system;

(4) voice or audio signals identifying navigation or approach aids introduced into a headset or speaker; and

(5) voice communications of flight crew members on the flight deck using the public address system, if installed.

(b) The cockpit voice recorder shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its

operation.

(c) The cockpit voice recorder must start to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and continue to
record until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power.

(d) The cockpit voice recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

OPS 1.715

Flight data recorders — 1

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.715)

(a) An operator shall not operate any aeroplane first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1

April 1998 which:

(1) is multi-engine turbine powered and has a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than

nine; or

(2) has a maximum certificated take-off mass over 5 700 kg,

unless it is equipped with a flight data recorder that uses a digital method of recording and storing data and a method
of readily retrieving that data from the storage medium is available.

(b) The flight data recorder shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least the last 25 hours of its opera-
tion except that, for those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less, this period may
be reduced to 10 hours.

(c) The flight data recorder must, with reference to a timescale, record:

(1) the parameters listed in Tables A1 or A2 of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.715 as applicable;

(2) for those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass over 27 000 kg, the additional parameters listed

in Table B of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.715;

(3) for aeroplanes specified in (a), the flight data recorder must record any dedicated parameters relating to novel or
unique design or operational characteristics of the aeroplane as determined by the Authority during type or
supplemental type certification; and

(4) for aeroplanes equipped with electronic display system the parameters listed in Table C of Appendix 1 to OPS
1.715, except that, for aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness before 20 August
2002 those parameters for which:

(i) the sensor is not available; or

(ii) the aeroplane system or equipment generating the data needs to be modified; or

(iii) the signals are incompatible with the recording system;

do not need to be recorded if acceptable to the Authority.

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(d) Data must be obtained from aeroplane sources which enable accurate correlation with information displayed to the

flight crew.

(e) The flight data recorder must start automatically to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving
under its own power and must stop automatically after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power.

(f) The flight data recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

(g) Aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1 April 1998, but not later than 1

April 2001 may not be required to comply with OPS 1.715(c) if approved by the Authority, provided that:

(1) compliance with OPS 1.715(c) cannot be achieved without extensive modification to the aeroplane systems and

equipment other than the flight data recorder system; and

(2) the aeroplane complies with OPS 1.715(c) except that parameter 15b in Table A of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720

need not be recorded.

OPS 1.720

Flight data recorders — 2

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720)

(a) An operator shall not operate any aeroplane first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1
June 1990 up to and including 31 March 1998 which has a maximum certificated take-off mass over 5 700 kg
unless it is equipped with a flight data recorder that uses a digital method of recording and storing data and a method
of readily retrieving that data from the storage medium is available.

(b) The flight data recorder shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least the last 25 hours of its opera-

tion.

(c) The flight data recorder must, with reference to a timescale, record:

(1) the parameters listed in Table A of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720; and

(2) for those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass over 27 000 kg the additional parameters listed

in Table B of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720.

(d) For those aeroplanes having a maximum certificated take-off mass of 27 000 kg or below,

if acceptable to the
Authority, parameters 14 and 15b of Table A of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720 need not be recorded, when any of the
following conditions are met:

(1) the sensor is not readily available,

(2) sufficient capacity is not available in the flight recorder system,

(3) a change is required in the equipment that generates the data.

(e) For those aeroplanes having a maximum certificated take-off mass over 27 000 kg, if acceptable to the Authority, the
following parameters need not be recorded: 15b of Table A of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720, and 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30 and 31 of Table B of Appendix 1, if any of the following conditions are met:

(1) the sensor is not readily available,

(2) sufficient capacity is not available in the flight data recorder system,

(3) a change is required in the equipment that generates the data,

(4) for navigational data (NAV frequency selection, DME distance, latitude, longitude, ground speed and drift) the

signals are not available in digital form.

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(f)

Individual parameters that can be derived by calculation from the other recorded parameters, need not to be recorded
if acceptable to the Authority.

(g) Data must be obtained from aeroplane sources which enable accurate correlation with information displayed to the

flight crew;

(h) The flight data recorder must start to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving under its own

power and must stop after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power.

(i) The flight data recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

OPS 1.725

Flight data recorders — 3

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725)

(a) An operator shall not operate any turbine-engined first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness before 1
June 1990 which has a maximum certificated take-off mass over 5 700 kg unless it is equipped with a flight data
recorder that uses a digital method of recording and storing data and a method of readily retrieving that data from
the storage medium is available.

(b) The flight data recorder shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least the last 25 hours of its opera-

tion.

(c) The flight data recorder must, with reference to a timescale, record:

(1) the parameters listed in Table A of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725;

(2) for those aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass over 27 000 kg that are of a type first type certifi-
cated after 30 September 1969, the additional parameters from 6 to 15b of Table B of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725
of this paragraph. The following parameters need not be recorded, if acceptable to the Authority: 13, 14 and 15b
in Table B of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725 when any of the following conditions are met:

(i) the sensor is not readily available,

(ii) sufficient capacity is not available in the flight recorder system,

(iii) a change is required in the equipment that generates the data; and

(3) when sufficient capacity is available on a flight recorder system, the sensor is readily available and a change is not

required in the equipment that generates the data:

(i) for aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1 January 1989, with a
maximum certificated take off mass of over 5 700 kg but not more than 27 000 kg, parameters 6 to 15b of
Table B of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725; and

(ii) for aeroplanes first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1 January 1987, with a
maximum certificated take off mass of over 27 000 kg the remaining parameters of Table B of Appendix 1 to
OPS 1.725.

(d) Individual parameters that can be derived by calculation from the other recorded parameters, need not be recorded if

acceptable to the Authority.

(e) Data must be obtained from aircraft sources which enable accurate correlation with information displayed to the

flight crew.

(f) The flight data recorder must start to record the data prior to the aeroplane being capable of moving under its own

power and must stop after the aeroplane is incapable of moving under its own power.

(g) The flight data recorder must have a device to assist in locating that recorder in water.

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OPS 1.727

Combination recorder

(a) Compliance with cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder requirements may be achieved by:

(1) one combination recorder if the aeroplane has to be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder or with a flight data

recorder only; or

(2) one combination recorder if the aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or less has to

be equipped with a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder; or

(3) two combination recorders if the aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass over 5 700 kg has to be equipped

with a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder.

(b) A combination recorder is a flight recorder that records:

(1) all voice communications and aural environment required by the relevant cockpit voice recorder paragraph; and

(2) all parameters required by the relevant flight data recorder paragraph, with the same specifications required by

those paragraphs.

OPS 1.730

Seats, seat safety belts, harnesses and child restraint devices

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is equipped with:

(1) a seat or berth for each person who is aged two years or more;

(2) a safety belt, with or without a diagonal shoulder strap, or a safety harness for use in each passenger seat for each

passenger aged two years or more;

(3) a supplementary loop belt or other restraint device for each infant;

(4) except as provided in subparagraph (b), a safety belt with shoulder harness for each flight crew seat and for any
seat alongside a pilot's seat incorporating a device which will automatically restrain the occupant's torso in the
event of rapid deceleration;

(5) except as provided in subparagraph (b), a safety belt with shoulder harness for each cabin crew seat and observer's
seats. However, this requirement does not preclude use of passenger seats by cabin crew members carried in
excess of the required cabin crew complement; and

(6) seats for cabin crew members located near required floor level emergency exits except that, if the emergency
evacuation of passengers would be enhanced by seating cabin crew members elsewhere, other locations are accep-
table. Such seats shall be forward or rearward facing within 15 o of the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane.

(b) All safety belts with shoulder harness must have a single point release.

(c) A safety belt with a diagonal shoulder strap for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass not exceeding
5 700 kg or a safety belt for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass not exceeding 2 730 kg may be
permitted in place of a safety belt with shoulder harness if it is not reasonably practicable to fit the latter.

OPS 1.731

Fasten seat belt and no smoking signs

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in which all passenger seats are not visible from the flight deck, unless it is
equipped with a means of indicating to all passengers and cabin crew when seat belts shall be fastened and when
smoking is not allowed.

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OPS 1.735

Internal doors and curtains

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless the following equipment is installed:

(a) in an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19 passengers, a door
between the passenger compartment and the flight deck compartment with a placard “Crew only” and a locking
means to prevent passengers from opening it without the permission of a member of the flight crew;

(b) a means for opening each door that separates a passenger compartment from another compartment that has emer-

gency exit provisions. The means for opening must be readily accessible;

(c) if it is necessary to pass through a doorway or curtain separating the passenger cabin from other areas to reach any
required emergency exit from any passenger seat, the door or curtain must have a means to secure it in the open posi-
tion;

(d) a placard on each internal door or adjacent to a curtain that is the means of access to a passenger emergency exit, to

indicate that it must be secured open during take off and landing; and

(e) a means for any member of the crew to unlock any door that is normally accessible to passengers and that can be

locked by passengers.

OPS 1.745

First-aid kits

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is equipped with first-aid kits, readily accessible for use, to the

following scale:

Number of passenger seats installed

Number of first-aid kits required

0 to 99

100 to 199

200 to 299

300 and more

1

2

3

4

(b) An operator shall ensure that first-aid kits are:

(1) inspected periodically to confirm, to the extent possible, that contents are maintained in the condition necessary

for their intended use; and

(2) replenished at regular intervals, in accordance with instructions contained on their labels, or as circumstances

warrant.

OPS 1.755

Emergency medical kit

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than
30 seats unless it is equipped with an emergency medical kit if any point on the planned route is more than 60
minutes flying time (at normal cruising speed) from an aerodrome at which qualified medical assistance could be
expected to be available.

(b) The commander shall ensure that drugs are not administered except by qualified doctors, nurses or similarly qualified

personnel.

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(c) Conditions for carriage

(1) The emergency medical kit must be dust and moisture proof and shall be carried under security conditions, where

practicable, on the flight deck; and

(2) an operator shall ensure that emergency medical kits are:

(i) inspected periodically to confirm, to the extent possible, that the contents are maintained in the condition

necessary for their intended use; and

(ii) replenished at regular intervals, in accordance with instructions contained on their labels, or as circumstances

warrant.

OPS 1.760

First-aid oxygen

(a) An operator shall not operate a pressurised aeroplane at altitudes above 25 000 ft, when a cabin crew member is
required to be carried, unless it is equipped with a supply of undiluted oxygen for passengers who, for physiological
reasons, might require oxygen following a cabin depressurisation. The amount of oxygen shall be calculated using an
average flow rate of at least three litres Standard Temperature Pressure Dry (STPD)/minute/person and provided for
the entire flight after cabin depressurisation at cabin pressure altitudes of more than 8 000 ft for at least 2 % of the
passengers carried, but in no case for less than one person. There shall be a sufficient number of dispensing units, but
in no case less than two, with a means for cabin crew to use the supply.

(b) The amount of first-aid oxygen required for a particular operation shall be determined on the basis of cabin pressure

altitudes and flight duration, consistent with the operating procedures established for each operation and route.

(c) The oxygen equipment provided shall be capable of generating a mass flow to each user of at least four litres per
minute, STPD. Means may be provided to decrease the flow to not less than two litres per minute, STPD, at any alti-
tude.

OPS 1.770

Supplemental oxygen — pressurised aeroplanes

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.770)

(a) General

(1) An operator shall not operate a pressurised aeroplane at pressure altitudes above 10 000 ft unless supplemental
oxygen equipment, capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required by this paragraph, is provided.

(2) The amount of supplemental oxygen required shall be determined on the basis of cabin pressure altitude, flight
duration and the assumption that a cabin pressurisation failure will occur at the altitude or point of flight that is
most critical from the standpoint of oxygen need, and that, after the failure, the aeroplane will descend in accord-
ance with emergency procedures specified in the aeroplane flight manual to a safe altitude for the route to be
flown that will allow continued safe flight and landing.

(3) Following a cabin pressurisation failure, the cabin pressure altitude shall be considered the same as the aeroplane
pressure altitude, unless it is demonstrated to the Authority that no probable failure of the cabin or pressurisation
system will result in a cabin pressure altitude equal to the aeroplane pressure altitude. Under these circumstances,
the demonstrated maximum cabin pressure altitude may be used as a basis for determination of oxygen supply.

(b) Oxygen equipment and supply requirements

(1) Flight crew members

(i) Each member of the flight crew on flight deck duty shall be supplied with supplemental oxygen in accord-
ance with Appendix 1. If all occupants of flight deck seats are supplied from the flight crew source of oxygen
supply then they shall be considered as flight crew members on flight deck duty for the purpose of oxygen
supply. Flight deck seat occupants, not supplied by the flight crew source, are to be considered as passengers
for the purpose of oxygen supply.

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(ii) Flight crew members, not covered by subparagraph (b)(1)(i), are to be considered as passengers for the

purpose of oxygen supply.

(iii) Oxygen masks shall be located so as to be within the immediate reach of flight crew members whilst at their

assigned duty station.

(iv) Oxygen masks for use by flight crew members in pressurised aeroplanes operating above 25 000 ft shall be a

quick donning type of mask.

(2) Cabin crew members, additional crew members and passengers

(i) Cabin crew members and passengers shall be supplied with supplemental oxygen in accordance with
Appendix 1, except when subparagraph (v) applies. Cabin crew members carried in addition to the minimum
number of cabin crew members required, and additional crew members, shall be considered as passengers for
the purpose of oxygen supply.

(ii) Aeroplanes intended to be operated at pressure altitudes above 25 000 ft shall be provided with sufficient
spare outlets and masks and/or sufficient portable oxygen units with masks for use by all required cabin crew
members. The spare outlets and/or portable oxygen units are to be distributed evenly throughout the cabin to
ensure immediate availability of oxygen to each required cabin crew member regardless of his/her location at
the time of cabin pressurisation failure.

(iii) Aeroplanes intended to be operated at pressure altitudes above 25 000 ft shall be provided with an oxygen
dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant, wherever
seated. The total number of dispensing units and outlets shall exceed the number of seats by at least 10 %.
The extra units are to be evenly distributed throughout the cabin.

(iv) Aeroplanes intended to be operated at pressure altitudes above 25 000 ft or which, if operated at or below
25 000 ft, cannot descend safely within four minutes to 13 000 ft, and for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was first issued on or after 9 November 1998, shall be provided with automatically deployable
oxygen equipment immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. The total number of dispensing
units and outlets shall exceed the number of seats by at least 10 %. The extra units are to be evenly distrib-
uted throughout the cabin.

(v) The oxygen supply requirements, as specified in Appendix 1, for aeroplanes not certificated to fly at altitudes
above 25 000 ft, may be reduced to the entire flight time between 10 000 ft and 13 000 ft cabin pressure
altitudes for all required cabin crew members and for at least 10 % of the passengers if, at all points along the
route to be flown, the aeroplane is able to descend safely within four minutes to a cabin pressure altitude of
13 000 ft.

OPS 1.775

Supplemental oxygen — non-pressurised aeroplanes

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.775)

(a) General

(1) An operator shall not operate a non-pressurised aeroplane at altitudes above 10 000 ft unless supplemental

oxygen equipment, capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required, is provided.

(2) The amount of supplemental oxygen for sustenance required for a particular operation shall be determined on the
basis of flight altitudes and flight duration, consistent with the operating procedures established for each operation
in the operations manual and with the routes to be flown, and with the emergency procedures specified in the
operations manual.

(3) An aeroplane intended to be operated at pressure altitudes above 10 000 ft shall be provided with equipment

capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required.

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(b) Oxygen supply requirements

(1) Flight crew members. Each member of the flight crew on flight deck duty shall be supplied with supplemental
oxygen in accordance with Appendix 1. If all occupants of flight deck seats are supplied from the flight crew
source of oxygen supply then they shall be considered as flight crew members on flight deck duty for the purpose
of oxygen supply.

(2) Cabin crew members, additional crew members and passengers. Cabin crew members and passengers shall be
supplied with oxygen in accordance with Appendix 1. Cabin crew members carried in addition to the minimum
number of cabin crew members required, and additional crew members, shall be considered as passengers for the
purpose of oxygen supply.

OPS 1.780

Crew protective breathing equipment

(a) An operator shall not operate a pressurised aeroplane or an unpressurised aeroplane with a maximum certificated
take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg or having a maximum approved seating configuration of more than 19 seats
unless:

(1) it has equipment to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of each flight crew member while on flight deck duty and
to provide oxygen for a period of not less than 15 minutes. The supply for Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)
may be provided by the supplemental oxygen required by OPS 1.770(b)(1) or OPS 1.775(b)(1). In addition, when
the flight crew is more than one and a cabin crew member is not carried, portable PBE must be carried to protect
the eyes, nose and mouth of one member of the flight crew and to provide breathing gas for a period of not less
than 15 minutes; and

(2) it has sufficient portable PBE to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of all required cabin crew members and to

provide breathing gas for a period of not less than 15 minutes.

(b) PBE intended for flight crew use must be conveniently located on the flight deck and be easily accessible for

immediate use by each required flight crew member at their assigned duty station.

(c) PBE intended for cabin crew use must be installed adjacent to each required cabin crew member duty station.

(d) An additional, easily accessible portable PBE must be provided and located at or adjacent to the hand fire extinguishers
required by OPS 1.790(c) and (d) except that, where the fire extinguisher is located inside a cargo compartment, the
PBE must be stowed outside but adjacent to the entrance to that compartment.

(e) PBE while in use must not prevent communication where required by OPS 1.685, OPS 1.690, OPS 1.810 and OPS

1.850.

OPS 1.790

Hand fire extinguishers

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless hand fire extinguishers are provided for use in crew, passenger and, as
applicable, cargo compartments and galleys in accordance with the following:

(a) the type and quantity of extinguishing agent must be suitable for the kinds of fires likely to occur in the compartment
where the extinguisher is intended to be used and, for personnel compartments, must minimise the hazard of toxic
gas concentration;

(b) at least one hand fire extinguisher, containing halon 1211 (bromochlorodifluoro-methane, CBrCIF2), or equivalent as

the extinguishing agent, must be conveniently located on the flight deck for use by the flight crew;

(c) at least one hand fire extinguisher must be located in, or readily accessible for use in, each galley not located on the

main passenger deck;

(d) at least one readily accessible hand fire extinguisher must be available for use in each Class A or Class B cargo or

baggage compartment and in each Class E cargo compartment that is accessible to crew members in flight; and

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(e) at least the following number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently located in the passenger compartment

(s):

Maximum approved passenger seating configuration

Number of extinguishers

7 to 30

31 to 60

61 to 200

201 to 300

301 to 400

401 to 500

501 to 600

601 or more

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

When two or more extinguishers are required, they must be evenly distributed in the passenger compartment.

(f) At least one of the required fire extinguishers located in the passenger compartment of an aeroplane with a maximum
approved passenger seating configuration of at least 31, and not more than 60, and at least two of the fire extin-
guishers located in the passenger compartment of an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating config-
uration of 61 or more must contain halon 1211 (bromochlorodi-fluoromethane, CBrCIF2), or equivalent as the extin-
guishing agent.

OPS 1.795

Crash axes and crowbars

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg or having
a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine seats unless it is equipped with at least one
crash axe or crowbar located on the flight deck. If the maximum approved passenger seating configuration is more
than 200 an additional crash axe or crowbar must be carried and located in or near the most rearward galley area.

(b) Crash axes and crowbars located in the passenger compartment must not be visible to passengers.

OPS 1.800

Marking of break-in points

An operator shall ensure that, if designated areas of the fuselage suitable for break-in by rescue crews in emergency are
marked on an aeroplane, such areas shall be marked as shown below. The colour of the markings shall be red or yellow,
and if necessary they shall be outlined in white to contrast with the background. If the corner markings are more than 2
metres apart, intermediate lines 9 cm x 3 cm shall be inserted so that there is no more than 2 metres between adjacent
marks.

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OPS 1.805

Means for emergency evacuation

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with passenger emergency exit sill heights:

(1) which are more than 1,83 metres (6 ft) above the ground with the aeroplane on the ground and the landing gear

extended; or

(2) which would be more than 1,83 metres (6 ft) above the ground after the collapse of, or failure to extend of, one
or more legs of the landing gear and for which a type certificate was first applied for on or after 1 April 2000,

unless it has equipment or devices available at each exit, where subparagraphs (1) or (2) apply, to enable passen-
gers and crew to reach the ground safely in an emergency.

(b) Such equipment or devices need not be provided at over wing exits if the designated place on the aeroplane structure
at which the escape route terminates is less than 1,83 metres (6 ft) from the ground with the aeroplane on the
ground, the landing gear extended, and the flaps in the take off or landing position, whichever flap position is higher
from the ground.

(c)

In aeroplanes required to have a separate emergency exit for the flight crew and:

(1) for which the lowest point of the emergency exit is more than 1,83 metres (6 ft) above the ground with the

landing gear extended; or,

(2) for which a type certificate was first applied for on or after 1 April 2000, would be more than 1.83 metres (6 ft)

above the ground after the collapse of, or failure to extend of, one or more legs of the landing gear,

there must be a device to assist all members of the flight crew in descending to reach the ground safely in an
emergency.

OPS 1.810

Megaphones

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than
60 and carrying one or more passengers unless it is equipped with portable battery-powered megaphones readily
accessible for use by crew members during an emergency evacuation, to the following scales:

(1) for each passenger deck:

Passenger seating configuration

Number of megaphones required

61 to 99

100 or more

1

2

(2) For aeroplanes with more than one passenger deck, in all cases when the total passenger seating configuration is

more than 60, at least one megaphone is required.

OPS 1.815

Emergency lighting

(a) An operator shall not operate a passenger carrying aeroplane which has a maximum approved passenger seating
configuration of more than nine unless it is provided with an emergency lighting system having an independent
power supply to facilitate the evacuation of the aeroplane. The emergency lighting system must include:

(1) for aeroplanes which have a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19:

(i) sources of general cabin illumination;

(ii) internal lighting in floor level emergency exit areas; and

(iii) illuminated emergency exit marking and locating signs.

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(iv) for aeroplanes for which the application for the type certificate or equivalent was filed before 1 May 1972,
and when flying by night, exterior emergency lighting at all over wing exits, and at exits where descent assist
means are required.

(v) for aeroplanes for which the application for the type certificate or equivalent was filed on or after 1 May

1972, and when flying by night, exterior emergency lighting at all passenger emergency exits.

(vi) For aeroplanes for which the type certificate was first issued on or after 1 January 1958, floor proximity

emergency escape path marking system in the passenger compartment(s).

(2) For aeroplanes which have a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of 19 or less and are certificated

to the certification specifications in CS-25 or CS-23:

(i) sources of general cabin illumination;

(ii) internal lighting in emergency exit areas; and

(iii) illuminated emergency exit marking and locating signs.

(3) For aeroplanes which have a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of 19 or less and are not certifi-

cated to the certification specifications in CS-25 or CS-23, sources of general cabin illumination.

(b) An operator shall not, by night, operate a passenger carrying aeroplane which has a maximum approved passenger
seating configuration of nine or less unless it is provided with a source of general cabin illumination to facilitate the
evacuation of the aeroplane. The system may use dome lights or other sources of illumination already fitted on the
aeroplane and which are capable of remaining operative after the aeroplane's battery has been switched off.

OPS 1.820

Automatic Emergency Locator Transmitter

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane first issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness on or after 1
January 2002 unless it is equipped with an automatic Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) capable of transmitting on
121,5 MHz and 406 MHz.

(b) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane first issued with an individual Certificate of Airworthiness before 1

January 2002 unless it is equipped with any type of ELT capable of transmitting on 121,5 MHz and 406 MHz.

(c) An operator shall ensure that all ELTs that are capable of transmitting on 406 MHz shall be coded in accordance with
ICAO Annex 10 and registered with the national agency responsible for initiating search and rescue or another nomi-
nated agency.

OPS 1.825

Life jackets

(a) Land aeroplanes. An operator shall not operate a land aeroplane:

(1) when flying over water and at a distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the shore; or

(2) when taking off or landing at an aerodrome where the take-off or approach path is so disposed over water that in

the event of a mishap there would be a likelihood of a ditching,

unless it is equipped with life jackets equipped with a survivor locator light, for each person on board. Each life jacket
must be stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided. Life
jackets for infants may be substituted by other approved flotation devices equipped with a survivor locator light.

(b) Seaplanes and amphibians. An operator shall not operate a seaplane or an amphibian on water unless it is equipped
with life jackets equipped with a survivor locator light, for each person on board. Each life jacket must be stowed in a
position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided. Life jackets for infants may
be substituted by other approved flotation devices equipped with a survivor locator light.

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OPS 1.830

Life-rafts and survival ELTs for extended overwater flights

(a) On overwater flights, an operator shall not operate an aeroplane at a distance away from land, which is suitable for

making an emergency landing, greater than that corresponding to:

(1) 120 minutes at cruising speed or 400 nautical miles, whichever is the lesser, for aeroplanes capable of continuing
the flight to an aerodrome with the critical power unit(s) becoming inoperative at any point along the route or
planned diversions; or

(2) 30 minutes at cruising speed or 100 nautical miles, whichever is the lesser, for all other aeroplanes, unless the

equipment specified in subparagraphs (b) and (c) is carried.

(b) Sufficient life-rafts to carry all persons on board. Unless excess rafts of enough capacity are provided, the buoyancy
and seating capacity beyond the rated capacity of the rafts must accommodate all occupants of the aeroplane in the
event of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity. The life-rafts shall be equipped with:

(1) a survivor locator light; and

(2) life saving equipment including means of sustaining life as appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and

(c) at least two survival emergency locator transmitters (ELT(S)) capable of transmitting on the distress frequencies

prescribed in ICAO Annex 10, Volume V, Chapter 2.

OPS 1.835

Survival equipment

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane across areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult unless it
is equipped with the following:

(a) signalling equipment to make the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO Annex 2;

(b) at least one ELT(S) is capable of transmitting on the distress frequencies prescribed in ICAO Annex 10, Volume V,

Chapter 2; and

(c) additional survival equipment for the route to be flown taking account of the number of persons on board

except that the equipment specified in subparagraph (c) need not be carried when the aeroplane either:

(1) remains within a distance from an area where search and rescue is not especially difficult corresponding to:

(i) 120 minutes at the one engine inoperative cruising speed for aeroplanes capable of continuing the flight to an
aerodrome with the critical power unit(s) becoming inoperative at any point along the route or planned diver-
sions; or

(ii) 30 minutes at cruising speed for all other aeroplanes,

or,

(2) for aeroplanes certificated to the certification specifications in CS-25 or equivalent, no greater distance than that

corresponding to 90 minutes at cruising speed from an area suitable for making an emergency landing.

OPS 1.840

Seaplanes and amphibians — miscellaneous equipment

(a) An operator shall not operate a seaplane or an amphibian on water unless it is equipped with:

(1) a sea anchor and other equipment necessary to facilitate mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring the aircraft on

water, appropriate to its size, weight and handling characteristics; and

(2) equipment for making the sound signals prescribed in the international regulations for preventing collisions at

sea, where applicable.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.715

Flight data recorders — 1 — List of parameters to be recorded

Table A1

Aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg

Note: Thee number in the left hand column reflect the serial numbers depicted in EUROCAE document ED55.

Parameter

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Time or relative time count

PRESSURE ALTITUDE

Indicated airspeed

Heading

Normal acceleration

Pitch attitude

Roll attitude

8. Manual radio transmission keying

9.

Propulsive thrust/power on each engine and cockpit thrust/power lever position if applicable

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Trailing edge flap or cockpit control selection

Leading edge flap or cockpit control selection

Thrust reverse status

Ground spoiler position and/or speed brake selection

Total or outside air temperature

Autopilot, autothrottle and AFCS mode and engagement status

Longitudinal acceleration (body AXIS)

Lateral acceleration

Table A2

Aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or below

Note: The number in the left hand column reflect the serial numbers depicted in EUROCAE document ED55.

Parameter

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Time or relative time count

Pressure altitude

Indicated airspeed

Heading

Normal acceleration

Pitch attitude

Roll attitude

8. Manual radio transmission keying

9.

Propulsive thrust/power on each engine and cockpit thrust/power lever position if applicable

10.

11.

Trailing edge flap or cockpit control selection

Leading edge flap or cockpit control selection

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No.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

Parameter

Thrust reverse status

Ground spoiler position and/or speed brake selection

Total or outside air temperature

Autopilot/autothrottle engagement status

Angle of attack (if a suitable sensor is available)

Longitudinal acceleration (body axis)

Table B

Additional parameters for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg

Note: The number in the left hand column reflect the serial numbers depicted in EUROCAE document ED55.

No.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Primary flight controls — control surface position and/or pilot input (pitch, roll, yaw)

Parameter

Pitch trim position

Radio altitude

Vertical beam deviation (ILS glide path or MLS elevation)

Horizontal beam deviation ( ILS localiser or MLS azimuth)

23. Marker beacon passage

24. Warnings

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

Reserved (navigation receiver frequency selection is recommended)

Reserved (DME distance is recommended)

Llanding gear squat switch status or air/ground status

Ground proximity warning system

Angle of attack

Low pressure warning (hydraulic and pneumatic power)

Groundspeed

Landing gear or gear selector position

Table C

Aeroplanes equipped with electronic display systems

Note: The number in the centre column reflect the serial numbers depicted in EUROCAE document ED55 table A1.5.

No

No

Parameter

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Selected barometric setting (each pilot station)

Selected altitude

Selected speed

Selected mach

Selected vertical speed

Selected heading

Selected flight path

Selected decision height

Efis display format

15 Multi function/engine/alerts display format

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.720

Flight data recorders — 2 — List of parameters to be recorded

Table A —

Aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg

Parameter

No

1.

2.

3.

Time or relative time count

Pressure altitude

Indicated airspeed

4. Heading

5. Normal acceleration

6.

7.

Pitch attitude

Roll attitude

8. Manual radio transmission keying unless an alternate means to synchronise FDRand CVR recordings is provided

9.

Power on each engine

10.

Trailing edge flap or cockpit control selection

11.

Leading edge flap or cockpit control selection

12.

Thrust reverse position (for turbojet aeroplanes only)

13. Ground spoiler position and/or speed brake selection

14. Outside air temperature or total air temperature

15a Autopilot engagement status

15b Autopilot operating modes, autothrottle and AFCS systems engagement status and operating modes.

Additional parameters for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass over 27 000 kg

Table B

No

Parameter

16.

Longitudinal acceleration

17.

Lateral acceleration

18.

Primary flight controls — control surface position and/or pilot input (pitch, roll and yaw)

19.

Pitch trim position

20.

Radio altitude

21.

Glide path deviation

22.

Localiser deviation

23. Marker beacon passage

24. Master warning

25.

Nav 1 and Nav 2 frequency selection

26.

DME 1 and DME 2 distance

27.

Landing gear squat switch status

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No

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

No

6.

7.

Parameter

Ground proximity warning system

Angle of attack

Hydraulics, each system (low pressure)

Navigation data

Landing gear or gear selector position

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.725

Flight data recorders — 3 — List of parameters to be recorded

Table A

Aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg

Time or relative time count

Pressure altitude

Indicated airspeed

Heading

Normal acceleration

Parameter

Table B

Additional parameters for aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg

Pitch attitude

Roll attitude

Parameter

8. Manual radio transmission keying unless an alternate means to synchronise the FDR and CVR recordings is

provided

9.

Power on each engine

10.

11.

12.

Trailing edge flap or cockpit control selection

Leading edge flap or cockpit control selection

Thrust reverse position (for turbojet aeroplanes only)

13. Ground spoiler position and/or speed brake selection

14. Outside air temperature or total air temperature

15a Autopilot engagement status

15b Autopilot operating modes, autothrottle and AFCS, systems engagement status and operating modes.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Longitudinal acceleration

Lateral acceleration

Primary flight controls — control surface position and/or pilot input (pitch, roll and yaw)

Pitch trim position

Radio altitude

21. Glide path deviation

22.

Localiser deviation

23. Marker beacon passage

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No

24. Master warning

Parameter

25. NAV 1 and NAV 2 frequency selection

26. DME 1 and DME 2 distance

27.

Landing gear squat switch status

28. Ground proximity warning system

29. Angle of attack

30. Hydraulics, each system (low pressure)

31. Navigation data (latitude, longitude, ground speed and drift angle)

32.

Landing gear or gear selector position

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.770

Oxygen — minimum requirements for supplemental oxygen for pressurised aeroplanes during and following
emergency descent

Table 1

(a)

Supply for:

(b)

Duration and cabin pressure altitude

1. All occupants of
flight deck duty

flight deck seats on

2. All required cabin crew members

Entire flight time when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 13 000 ft and
entire flight time when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10 000 ft but
does not exceed 13 000 ft after the first 30 minutes at those altitudes, but
in no case less than:
(i) 30 minutes for aeroplanes certificated to fly at altitudes not exceeding

25 000 ft (Note 2)

(ii) 2 hours for aeroplanes certificated to fly at altitudes more than

25 000 ft (Note 3).

Entire flight time when cabin pressure altitude exceeds 13 000 ft but not
less than 30 minutes (Note 2), and entire flight time when cabin pressure
altitude is greater than 10 000 ft but does not exceed 13 000 ft after the
first 30 minutes at these altitudes

3. 100 % of passengers (Note 5)

Entire flight time when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15 000 ft but
in no case less then 10 minutes (Note 4).

4. 30 % of passengers (Note 5)

Entire flight time when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 14 000 ft but
does not exceed 15 000 ft

5. 10 % of passengers (Note 5).

Entire flight time when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10 000 ft but
does not exceed 14 000 ft after the first 30 minutes at these altitudes

Note 1: The supply provided must take account of the cabin pressure altitude and descent profile for the routes concerned.
Note 2: The required minimum supply is that quantity of oxygen necessary for a constant rate of descent from the aeroplane's maximum

certificated operating altitude to 10 000 ft in 10 minutes and followed by 20 minutes at 10 000 ft.

Note 3: The required minimum supply is that quantity of oxygen necessary for a constant rate of descent from the aeroplane's maximum
certificated operating altitude to 10 000 ft in 10 minutes and followed by 110 minutes at 10 000 ft. The oxygen required in
OPS 1.780(a)(1) may be included in determining the supply required.

Note 4: The required minimum supply is that quantity of oxygen necessary for a constant rate of descent from the aeroplane's maximum

certificated operating altitude to 15 000 ft in 10 minutes.

Note 5: For the purpose of this table “passengers” means passengers actually carried and includes infants.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.775

Supplemental oxygen for non-pressurised aeroplanes

Table 1

(a)

Supply for:

(b)

Duration and pressure altitude

1. All occupants of
flight deck duty

flight deck seats on

Entire flight time at pressure altitudes above 10 000 ft

2. All required cabin crew members

Entire flight time at pressure altitudes above 13 000 ft and for any period
exceeding 30 minutes at pressure altitudes above 10 000 ft but not
exceeding 13 000 ft.

3. 100 % of passengers (See note)

Entire flight time at pressure altitudes above 13 000 ft.

4. 10 % of passengers (See note)

Entire flight
10 000 ft but not exceeding 13 000 ft

time after 30 minutes at pressure altitudes greater than

Note: For the purpose of this table “passengers” means passengers actually carried and includes infants under the age of two.

SUBPART L

COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT

OPS 1.845

General introduction

(a) An operator shall ensure that a flight does not commence unless the communication and navigation equipment

required under this subpart is:

(1) approved and installed in accordance with the requirements applicable to them, including the minimum perfor-

mance standard and the operational and airworthiness requirements;

(2) installed such that the failure of any single unit required for either communication or navigation purposes, or

both, will not result in the failure of another unit required for communications or navigation purposes;

(3) in operable condition for the kind of operation being conducted except as provided in the MEL (OPS 1.030

refers); and

(4) so arranged that if equipment is to be used by one flight crew member at his/her station during flight it must be
readily operable from his/her station. When a single item of equipment is required to be operated by more than
one flight crew member it must be installed so that the equipment is readily operable from any station at which
the equipment is required to be operated.

(b) Communication and navigation equipment minimum performance standards are those prescribed in the applicable
European Technical Standard Orders (ETSO) as listed in applicable specifications on European Technical Standard
Orders (CS-TSO), unless different performance standards are prescribed in the operational or airworthiness codes.
Communication and navigation equipment complying with design and performance specifications other than ETSO
on the date of OPS implementation may remain in service, or be installed, unless additional requirements are
prescribed in this subpart. Communication and navigation equipment which has already been approved does not need
to comply with a revised ETSO or a revised specification, other than ETSO, unless a retroactive requirement is
prescribed.

OPS 1.850

Radio equipment

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is equipped with radio required for the kind of operation being

conducted.

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(b) Where two independent (separate and complete) radio systems are required under this subpart, each system must have
an independent antenna installation except that, where rigidly supported non-wire antennae or other antenna installa-
tions of equivalent reliability are used, only one antenna is required.

(c) The radio communication equipment required to comply with paragraph (a) must also provide for communications

on the aeronautical emergency frequency 121,5 MHz.

OPS 1.855

Audio selector panel

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane under IFR unless it is equipped with an audio selector panel accessible to each
required flight crew member.

OPS 1.860

Radio equipment for operations under VFR over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks

An operator shall not operate an aeroplane under VFR over routes that can be navigated by reference to visual landmarks,
unless it is equipped with the radio communication equipment necessary under normal operating conditions to fulfil the
following:

(a) communicate with appropriate ground stations;

(b) communicate with appropriate air traffic control facilities from any point in controlled airspace within which flights

are intended; and

(c) receive meteorological information.

OPS 1.865

Communication and navigation equipment for operations under IFR, or under VFR over routes not navigated by
reference to visual landmarks

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane under IFR, or under VFR over routes that cannot be navigated by reference
to visual landmarks, unless the aeroplane is equipped with radio communication and SSR transponder and navigation
equipment in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services in the area(s) of operation.

(b) Radio equipment. An operator shall ensure that radio equipment comprises not less than:

(1) two independent radio communication systems necessary under normal operating conditions to communicate

with an appropriate ground station from any point on the route including diversions; and

(2) SSR transponder equipment as required for the route being flown.

(c) Navigation equipment. An operator shall ensure that navigation equipment

(1) comprises not less than:

(i) one VOR receiving system, one ADF system, one DME except that an ADF system need not be installed

provided that the use of the ADF is not required in any phase of the planned flight;

(ii) one ILS or MLS where ILS or MLS is required for approach navigation purposes;

(iii) one marker beacon receiving system where a marker beacon is required for approach navigation purposes;

(iv) an area navigation system when area navigation is required for the route being flown;

(v) an additional DME system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on DME signals;

(vi) an additional VOR receiving system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on VOR

signals;

(vii) ADF system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on NDB signals; or

(2) complies with the required navigation performance (RNP) type for operation in the airspace concerned.

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(d) An operator may operate an aeroplane that is not equipped with an ADF or with the navigation equipment specified
in subparagraph(s) (c)(1)(vi) and/or (c)(1)(vii), provided that it is equipped with alternative equipment authorised, for
the route being flown, by the Authority. The reliability and the accuracy of alternative equipment must allow safe navi-
gation for the intended route.

(e) An operator shall ensure that VHF communication equipment, ILS localiser and VOR receivers installed on aeroplanes
to be operated in IFR are of a type that has been approved as complying with the FM immunity performance stan-
dards.

OPS 1.866

Transponder equipment

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is equipped with:

(1) a pressure altitude reporting SSR transponder; and

(2) any other SSR transponder capability required for the route being flown.

OPS 1.870

Additional navigation equipment for operations in MNPS airspace

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane in MNPS airspace unless it is equipped with navigation equipment that
complies with minimum navigation performance specifications prescribed in ICAO Doc 7030 in the form of regional
supplementary procedures.

(b) The navigation equipment required by this paragraph must be visible and usable by either pilot seated at his/her duty

station.

(c) For unrestricted operation in MNPS airspace an aeroplane must be equipped with two independent Long Range Navi-

gation Systems (LRNS).

(d) For operation in MNPS airspace along notified special routes an aeroplane must be equipped with one Long Range

Navigation System (LRNS), unless otherwise specified.

OPS 1.872

Equipment for operation in defined airspace with Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM)

(a) An operator shall ensure that aeroplanes operated in RVSM airspace are equipped with:

(1) two independent altitude measurement systems;

(2) an altitude alerting system;

(3) an automatic altitude control system; and

(4) a secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder with altitude reporting system that can be connected to the alti-

tude measurement system in use for altitude keeping.

SUBPART M

AEROPLANE MAINTENANCE

OPS 1.875

General

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane unless it is maintained and released to service by an organisation appropri-
ately approved/accepted in accordance with Part 145 except that pre-flight inspections need not necessarily be carried
out by the Part 145 organisation.

(b) Aeroplane maintenance requirements needed to comply with the operator certification requirements in OPS 1.180 are

those set up in Part M.

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SUBPART N

FLIGHT CREW

OPS 1.940

Composition of flight crew

(See Appendices 1 & 2 to OPS 1.940)

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) the composition of the flight crew and the number of flight crew members at designated crew stations are both

in compliance with, and no less than the minimum specified in, the aeroplane flight manual (AFM);

(2) the flight crew includes additional flight crew members when required by the type of operation, and is not

reduced below the number specified in the operations manual;

(3) all flight crew members hold an applicable and valid licence acceptable to the Authority and are suitably qualified

and competent to conduct the duties assigned to them;

(4) procedures are established, acceptable to the Authority, to prevent the crewing together of inexperienced flight

crew members;

(5) one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as a pilot-in-command in accordance with the requirements governing
flight crew licences, is designated as the commander who may delegate the conduct of the flight to another
suitably qualified pilot; and

(6) when a dedicated system panel operator is required by the AFM, the flight crew includes one crew member who
holds a flight engineer's licence or is a suitably qualified flight crew member and acceptable to the Authority.

(7) When engaging the services of flight crew members who are self employed and/or working on a freelance or part
time basis, the requirements of Subpart N are complied with. In this respect, particular attention must be paid to
the total number of aircraft types or variants that a flight crew member may fly for the purposes of commercial
air transportation, which must not exceed the requirements prescribed in OPS 1.980 and OPS 1.981, including
when his/her services are engaged by another operator. For crew members serving the operator as a commander,
initial operator's crew resource management (CRM) training shall be completed before commencing unsupervised
line flying unless the crew member has previously completed an initial operator's CRM course.

(b) Minimum flight crew for operations under IFR or at night. For operations under IFR or at night, an operator shall

ensure that:

(1) for all turbo-propeller aeroplanes with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine

and for all turbo-jet aeroplanes, the minimum flight crew is two pilots; or

(2) aeroplanes other than those covered by subparagraph (b)(1) are operated by a single pilot provided that the
requirements of Appendix 2 to OPS 1.940 are satisfied. If the requirements of Appendix 2 are not satisfied, the
minimum flight crew is two pilots.

JAR-OPS 1.943

Initial operator's crew resource management (CRM) training

(a) When a flight crew member has not previously completed initial operator's crew resource management (CRM) training
(either new employees or existing staff), then the operator shall ensure that the flight crew member completes an
initial CRM training course. New employees shall complete initial operator's CRM training within their first year of
joining an operator.

(b) If the flight crew member has not previously been trained in human factors then a theoretical course, based on the
human performance and limitations programme for the ATPL (see the requirements applicable to the issue of flight
crew licences) shall be completed before the initial operator's CRM training or combined with the initial operator's
CRM training.

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(c)

Initial CRM training shall be conducted by at least one CRM trainer acceptable to the Authority who may be assisted
by experts in order to address specific areas.

(d) Initial CRM training is conducted in accordance with a detailed course syllabus included in the operations manual.

OPS 1.945

Conversion training and checking

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.945)

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) a flight crew member completes a type rating course which satisfies the requirements applicable to the issue of
flight crew licences when changing from one type of aeroplane to another type or class for which a new type or
class rating is required;

(2) a flight crew member completes an operator's conversion course before commencing unsupervised line flying;

(i) when changing to an aeroplane for which a new type or class rating is required; or

(ii) when changing operator;

(3) conversion training is conducted by suitably qualified personnel in accordance with a detailed course syllabus
included in the operations manual. The operator shall ensure that the personnel integrating elements of CRM into
conversion training are suitably qualified;

(4) the amount of training required by the operator's conversion course is determined after due note has been taken
of the flight crew member's previous training as recorded in his/her training records prescribed in OPS 1.985;

(5) the minimum standards of qualification and experience required of flight crew members before undertaking

conversion training are specified in the operations manual;

(6) each flight crew member undergoes the checks required by OPS 1.965(b) and the training and checks required by

OPS 1.965(d) before commencing line flying under supervision;

(7) upon completion of line flying under supervision, the check required by OPS 1.965(c) is undertaken;

(8) once an operator's conversion course has been commenced, a flight crew member does not undertake flying

duties on another type or class until the course is completed or terminated; and

(9) elements of CRM training are integrated into the conversion course.

(b) In the case of changing aeroplane type or class, the check required by OPS 1.965(b) may be combined with the type

or class rating skill test under the requirements applicable to the issue of flight crew licences.

(c) The operator's conversion course and the type or class rating course required for the issue of flight crew licences may

be combined.

OPS 1.950

Differences training and familiarisation training

(a) An operator shall ensure that a flight crew member completes:

(1) differences training which requires additional knowledge and training on an appropriate training device for the

aeroplane:

(i) when operating another variant of an aeroplane of the same type or another type of the same class currently

operated; or

(ii) when changing equipment and/or procedures on types or variants currently operated;

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(2) familiarisation training which requires the acquisition of additional knowledge:

(i) when operating another aeroplane of the same type or variant; or

(ii) when changing equipment and/or procedures on types or variants currently operated.

(b) The operator shall specify in the operations manual when such differences training or familiarisation training is

required.

OPS 1.955

Nomination as commander

(a) An operator shall ensure that for upgrade to commander from co-pilot and for those joining as commanders:

(1) a minimum level of experience, acceptable to the Authority, is specified in the operations manual; and

(2) for multi-crew operations, the pilot completes an appropriate command course.

(b) The command course required by subparagraph (a)(2) must be specified in the operations manual and include at least

the following:

(1) training in an STD (including line orientated flying training) and/or flying training;

(2) an operator proficiency check operating as commander;

(3) commander's responsibilities;

(4) line training in command under supervision. A minimum of 10 sectors is required for pilots already qualified on

the aeroplane type;

(5) completion of a commander's line check as prescribed in OPS 1.965(c) and route and aerodrome competence

qualifications as prescribed in OPS 1.975; and

(6) elements of crew resource management.

OPS 1.960

Commanders holding a commercial pilot licence

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) a commercial pilot licence (CPL) holder does not operate as a commander of an aeroplane certificated in the Aero-

plane flight manual for single pilot operations unless:

(i) when conducting passenger carrying operations under visual flight rules (VFR) outside a radius of 50 nm from
an aerodrome of departure, the pilot has a minimum of 500 hours total flight time on aeroplanes or holds a
valid instrument rating; or

(ii) when operating on a multi-engine type under instrument flight rules (IFR), the pilot has a minimum of 700
hours total flight time on aeroplanes which includes 400 hours as pilot-in-command (in accordance with the
requirements governing flight crew licences) of which 100 hours have been under IFR including 40 hours
multi-engine operation. The 400 hours as pilot-in-command may be substituted by hours operating as co-
pilot on the basis of two hours co-pilot is equivalent to one hour as pilot-in-command provided those hours
were gained within an established multi-pilot crew system prescribed in the operations manual;

(2) in addition to subparagraph (a)(1)(ii), when operating under IFR as a single pilot, the requirements prescribed in

Appendix 2 to OPS 1.940 are satisfied; and

(3) in multi-pilot crew operations, in addition to subparagraph (a)(1), and prior to the pilot operating as commander,

the command course prescribed in OPS 1.955(a)(2) is completed.

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OPS 1.965

Recurrent training and checking

(See Appendices 1 and 2 to OPS 1.965)

(a) General. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) each flight crew member undergoes recurrent training and checking and that all such training and checking is rele-

vant to the type or variant of aeroplane on which the flight crew member operates;

(2) a recurrent training and checking programme is established in the operations manual and approved by the

Authority;

(3) recurrent training is conducted by the following personnel:

(i) ground and refresher training — by suitably qualified personnel;

(ii) aeroplane/STD training — by a type rating instructor (TRI), class rating instructor (CRI) or in the case of the
STD content, a synthetic flight instructor (SFI), providing that the TRI, CRI or SFI satisfies the operator's
experience and knowledge requirements sufficient to instruct on the items specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A)
and (B) of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.965

(iii) emergency and safety equipment training — by suitably qualified personnel; and

(iv) crew resource management (CRM):

(A) integration of CRM elements into all the phases of the recurrent training — by all the personnel
conducting recurrent training. The operator shall ensure that all personnel conducting recurrent training
are suitably qualified to integrate elements of CRM into this training;

(B) modular CRM training — by at least one CRM trainer acceptable to the Authority who may be assisted

by experts in order to address specific areas.

(4) Recurrent checking is conducted by the following personnel:

(i) operator proficiency checks — by a type rating examiner (TRE), class rating examiner (CRE) or, if the check is
conducted in a STD, a TRE, CRE or a synthetic flight examiner (SFE), trained in CRM concepts and the assess-
ment of CFM skills;

(ii) line checks — by suitably qualified commanders nominated by the operator and acceptable to the Authority;

(iii) emergency and safety equipment checking — by suitably qualified personnel.

(b) Operator proficiency check

(1) An operator shall ensure that:

(i) each flight crew member undergoes operator proficiency checks to demonstrate his/her competence in

carrying out normal, abnormal and emergency procedures;

(ii) the check is conducted without external visual reference when the flight crew member will be required to

operate under IFR; and

(iii) each flight crew member undergoes operator proficiency checks as part of a normal flight crew complement.

(2) The period of validity of an operator proficiency check shall be six calendar months in addition to the remainder
of the month of issue. If issued within the final three calendar months of validity of a previous operator profi-
ciency check, the period of validity shall extend from the date of issue until 6 calendar months from the expiry
date of that previous operator proficiency check.

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(c) Line check. An operator shall ensure that each flight crew member undergoes a line check on the aeroplane to
demonstrate his/her competence in carrying out normal line operations described in the operations manual. The
period of validity of a line check shall be 12 calendar months, in addition to the remainder of the month of issue. If
issued within the final three calendar months of validity of a previous line check the period of validity shall extend
from the date of issue until 12 calendar months from the expiry date of that previous line check.

(d) Emergency and safety equipment training and checking. An operator shall ensure that each flight crew member under-
goes training and checking on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried. The period of
validity of an emergency and safety equipment check shall be 12 calendar months in addition to the remainder of the
month of issue. If issued within the final three calendar months of validity of a previous emergency and safety check,
the period of validity shall extend from the date of issue until 12 calendar months from the expiry date of that
previous emergency and safety equipment check.

(e) CRM. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) elements of CRM are integrated into all appropriate phases of the recurrent training; and

(2) each flight crew member undergoes specific modular CRM training. All major topics of CRM training shall be

covered over a period not exceeding three years.

(f) Ground and refresher training. An operator shall ensure that each flight crew member undergoes ground and refresher
training at least every 12 calendar months. If the training is conducted within three calendar months prior to the
expiry of the 12 calendar months period, the next ground and refresher training must be completed within 12
calendar months of the original expiry date of the previous ground and refresher training.

(g) Aeroplane/STD training. An operator shall ensure that each flight crew member undergoes aeroplane/STD training at
least every 12 calendar months. If the training is conducted within three calendar months prior to the expiry of the
12 calendar months period, the next aeroplane STD training must be completed within 12 calendar months of the
original expiry date of the previous aeroplane/STD training.

OPS 1.968

Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot's seat

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.968)

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) a pilot who may be assigned to operate in either pilot's seat completes appropriate training and checking; and

(2) the training and checking programme is specified in the operations manual and is acceptable to the Authority.

OPS 1.970

Recent experience

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) a pilot is not assigned to operate an aeroplane as part of the minimum certificated crew, either as pilot flying or
pilot non-flying unless he/she has carried out three take-offs and three landings in the previous 90 days as pilot
flying in an aeroplane, or in a flight simulator of the same type/class; and

(2) a pilot who does not hold a valid instrument rating is not assigned to operate an aeroplane at night as
commander unless he/she has carried out at least one landing at night in the preceding 90 days as pilot flying in
an aeroplane, or in a flight simulator, of the same type/class.

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(b) The 90-day period prescribed in subparagraphs (a)(1) and (2) may be extended up to a maximum of 120 days by line
flying under the supervision of a type rating instructor or examiner. For periods beyond 120 days, the recency
requirement is satisfied by a training flight or use of a flight simulator or the aeroplane type to be used.

OPS 1.975

Route and aerodrome competence qualification

(a) An operator shall ensure that, prior to being assigned as commander or as pilot to whom the conduct of the flight
may be delegated by the commander, the pilot has obtained adequate knowledge of the route to be flown and of the
aerodromes (including alternates), facilities and procedures to be used.

(b) The period of validity of the route and aerodrome competence qualification shall be 12 calendar months in addition

to the remainder of:

(1) the month of qualification; or

(2) the month of the latest operation on the route or to the aerodrome.

(c) Route and aerodrome competence qualification shall be revalidated by operating on the route or to the aerodrome

within the period of validity prescribed in subparagraph (b).

(d) If revalidated within the final three calendar months of the validity of the previous route and aerodrome competence
qualification, the period of validity shall extend from the date of revalidation until 12 calendar months from the
expiry date of that previous route and aerodrome competence qualification.

OPS 1.978

Advanced qualification programme

(a) The periods of validity of OPS 1.965 and 1.970 may be extended, where the Authority has approved an advanced

qualification programme established by the operator.

(b) The advanced qualification programme must contain training and checking which establishes and maintains a profi-

ciency that is not less than the provisions prescribed in OPS 1.945, 1.965 and 1.970.

OPS 1.980

Operation on more than one type or variant

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.980)

(a) An operator shall ensure that a flight crew member does not operate on more than one type or variant unless the

flight crew member is competent to do so.

(b) When considering operations of more than one type or variant, an operator shall ensure that the differences and/or

similarities of the aeroplanes concerned justify such operations, taking account of the following:

(1) the level of technology;

(2) operational procedures;

(3) handling characteristics.

(c) An operator shall ensure that a flight crew member operating more than one type or variant complies with all of the
requirements prescribed in Subpart N for each type or variant unless the Authority has approved the use of credit(s)
related to the training, checking and recent experience requirements.

(d) An operator shall specify appropriate procedures and/or operational restrictions, approved by the Authority, in the

operations manual, for any operation on more than one type or variant covering:

(1) the flight crew members' minimum experience level;

(2) the minimum experience level on one type or variant before beginning training for and operation of another type

or variant;

(3) the process whereby flight crew qualified on one type or variant will be trained and qualified on another type or

variant;

(4) all applicable recent experience requirements for each type or variant.

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OPS 1.981

Operation of helicopter and aeroplane

(a) When a flight crew member operates both helicopters and aeroplanes:

(1) an operator shall ensure that operations of helicopter and aeroplane are limited to one type of each.

(2) the operator shall specify appropriate procedures and/or operational restrictions, approved by the Authority, in the

operations manual.

OPS 1.985

Training records

(a) An operator shall:

(1) maintain records of all training, checking and qualification prescribed in OPS 1.945, 1.955, 1.965, 1.968 and

1.975 undertaken by a flight crew member; and

(2) make the records of all conversion courses and recurrent training and checking available, on request, to the flight

crew member concerned.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.940

In-flight relief of flight crew members

(a) A flight crew member may be relieved in flight of his/her duties at the controls by another suitably qualified flight

crew member.

(b) Relief of the commander

(1) The commander may delegate conduct of the flight to:

(i) another qualified commander; or

(ii) for operations only above FL 200, a pilot qualified as detailed in subparagraph (c) below.

(c) Minimum requirements for a pilot relieving the commander:

(1) valid airline transport pilot licence;

(2) conversion training and checking (including type rating training) as prescribed in OPS 1.945;

(3) all recurrent training and checking as prescribed in OPS 1.965 and OPS 1.968; and

(4) route competence qualification as prescribed in OPS 1.975.

(d) Relief of the co-pilot

(1) The co-pilot may be relieved by:

(i) another suitably qualified pilot; or

(ii) a cruise relief co-pilot qualified as detailed in subparagraph (e).

(e) Minimum requirements for cruise relief co-pilot

(1) valid commercial pilot licence with instrument rating;

(2) conversion training and checking, including type rating training, as prescribed in OPS 1.945 except the require-

ment for take-off and landing training;

(3) all recurrent training and checking as prescribed in OPS 1.965 except the requirement for take-off and landing

training; and

(4) to operate in the role of co-pilot in the cruise only and not below FL 200.

(5) Recent experience as prescribed in OPS 1.970 is not required. The pilot shall, however, carry out flight simulator
recency and refresher flying skill training at intervals not exceeding 90 days. This refresher training may be
combined with the training prescribed in OPS 1.965.

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(f) Relief of the system panel operator. A system panel operator may be relieved in flight by a crew member who holds a

flight engineer's licence or by a flight crew member with a qualification acceptable to the Authority.

Appendix 2 to OPS 1.940

Single pilot operations under IFR or at night

(a) Aeroplanes referred to in OPS 1.940(b)(2) may be operated by a single pilot under IFR or at night when the following

requirements are satisfied:

(1) the operator shall include in the operations manual a pilot's conversion and recurrent training programme which

includes the additional requirements for a single pilot operation;

(2) in particular, the cockpit procedures must include:

(i) engine management and emergency handling;

(ii) use of normal, abnormal and emergency checklist;

(iii) ATC communication;

(iv) departure and approach procedures;

(v) autopilot management; and

(vi) use of simplified in-flight documentation;

(3) the recurrent checks required by OPS 1.965 shall be performed in the single-pilot role on the type or class of aero-

plane in an environment representative of the operation;

(4) the pilot shall have a minimum of 50 hours flight time on the specific type or class of aeroplane under IFR of

which 10 hours is as commander; and

(5) the minimum required recent experience for a pilot engaged in a single-pilot operation under IFR or at night shall
be five IFR flights, including three instrument approaches, carried out during the preceding 90 days on the type
or class of aeroplane in the single-pilot role. This requirement may be replaced by an IFR instrument approach
check on the type or class of aeroplane.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.945

Operator's conversion course

(a) An operator's conversion course shall include:

(1) ground training and checking including aeroplane systems, normal, abnormal and emergency procedures;

(2) emergency and safety equipment training and checking which must be completed before aeroplane training

commences;

(3) aeroplane/flight simulator training and checking; and

(4) line flying under supervision and line check.

(b) The conversion course shall be conducted in the order set out in subparagraph (a).

(c) Following completion of a zero flight time conversion course a pilot shall:

(1) commence line flying under supervision within 15 days; and

(2) conduct his/her initial four take-offs and landings in the aeroplane under supervision of a TRI (A) occupying a

pilot's seat.

(d) Elements of crew resource management shall be integrated into the conversion course, and conducted by suitably

qualified personnel.

(e) When a flight crew member has not previously completed an operator's conversion course, the operator shall ensure
that in addition to subparagraph (a), the flight crew member undergoes general first aid training and, if applicable,
ditching procedures training using the equipment in water.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.965

Recurrent training and checking — pilots

(a) Recurrent training. Recurrent training shall comprise:

(1) ground and refresher training

(i) The ground and refresher training programme shall include:

(A) aeroplane systems;

(B) operational procedures and requirements including ground de-/anti-icing and pilot incapacitation; and

(C) accident/incident and occurrence review.

(ii) Knowledge of the ground and refresher training shall be verified by a questionnaire or other suitable methods.

(2) aeroplane/STD training

(i) The aeroplane/STD training programme shall be established such that all major failures of aeroplane systems

and associated procedures will have been covered in the preceding three-year period.

(ii) When engine-out manoeuvres are carried out in an aeroplane, the engine failure shall be simulated.

(iii) Aeroplane/STD training may be combined with the operator proficiency check.

(3) emergency and safety equipment training

(i) The emergency and safety equipment training programme may be combined with emergency and safety

equipment checking and shall be conducted in an aeroplane or a suitable alternative training device.

(ii) Every year the emergency and safety equipment training programme must include the following:

(A) actual donning of a lifejacket where fitted;

(B) actual donning of protective breathing equipment where fitted;

(C) actual handling of fire extinguishers;

(D) instruction on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on the aeroplane;

(E) instruction on the location and use of all types of exits; and

(F) security procedures.

(iii) Every three years the programme of training must include the following:

(A) actual operation of all types of exits;

(B) demonstration of the method used to operate a slide where fitted;

(C) actual fire-fighting using equipment representative of that carried in the aeroplane on an actual or simu-
lated fire except that, with halon extinguishers, an alternative method acceptable to the Authority may be
used;

(D) the effects of smoke in an enclosed area and actual use of all relevant equipment in a simulated smoke-

filled environment;

(E) actual handling of pyrotechnics, real or simulated, where fitted; and

(F) demonstration in the use of the life-raft(s) where fitted.

(4) crew resource management training

(i) Elements of CRM shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of recurrent training; and

(ii) a specific modular CRM training programme shall be established such that all major topics of CRM training

are covered over a period not exceeding three years, as follows:

(A) human error and reliability, error chain, error prevention and detection;

(B) company safety culture, SOPs, organisational factors;

(C) stress, stress management, fatigue and vigilance;

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(D) information acquisition and processing, situation awareness, workload management;

(E) decision making;

(F) communication and coordination inside and outside the cockpit;

(G) leadership and team behaviour, synergy;

(H) automation and philosophy of the use of automation (if relevant to the type);

(I) specific type-related differences;

(J) case based studies;

(K) additional areas which warrant extra attention, as identified by the accident prevention and flight safety

programme (see OPS 1.037).

(b) Recurrent checking. Recurrent checking shall comprise:

(1) operator proficiency checks

(i) Where applicable, operator proficiency checks shall include the following manoeuvres:

(A) rejected take-off when a flight simulator is available, otherwise touch drills only;

(B) take-off with engine failure between V1 and V2 or as soon as safety considerations permit;

(C) precision instrument approach to minima with, in the case of multi-engined aeroplanes, one engine inop-

erative;

(D) non-precision approach to minima;

(E) missed approach on instruments from minima with, in the case of multi-engined aeroplanes, one engine

inoperative; and

(F) landing with one engine inoperative. For single-engined aeroplanes a practice forced landing is required.

(ii) When engine out manoeuvres are carried out in an aeroplane, the engine failure must be simulated.

(iii) In addition to the checks prescribed in subparagraphs (i)(A) to (F), the requirements governing the issue of
flight crew licences must be completed every 12 months and may be combined with the operator proficiency
check.

(iv) For a pilot operating VFR only, the checks prescribed in subparagraphs (i)(C) to (E) may be omitted except for

an approach and go-around in a multi-engine aeroplane with one engine inoperative.

(v) Operator proficiency checks must be conducted by a type rating examiner.

(2) emergency and safety equipment checks. The items to be checked shall be those for which training has been

carried out in accordance with subparagraph (a)(3).

(3) line checks

(i) Line checks must establish the ability to perform satisfactorily a complete line operation including pre-flight

and post-flight procedures and use of the equipment provided, as specified in the operations manual.

(ii) The flight crew must be assessed on their crew resource management (CRM) skills in accordance with a meth-
odology acceptable to the Authority and published in the operations manual. The purpose of such assessment
is to:

(A) provide feedback to the crew collectively and individually and serve to identify retraining; and

(B) be used to improve the CRM training system.

(iii) When pilots are assigned duties as pilot flying and pilot non-flying they must be checked in both functions.

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(iv) Line checks must be completed in an aeroplane.

(v) Line checks must be conducted by commanders nominated by the operator and acceptable to the Authority.
The person conducting the line check, who is described in OPS 1.965(a)(4)(ii), shall be trained in CRM
concepts and the assessment of CRM skills and shall occupy an observer's seat where installed. In the case of
long haul operations where additional operating flight crew are carried, the person may fulfil the function of
a cruise relief pilot and shall not occupy either pilot's seat during take-off, departure, initial cruise, descent,
approach and landing. His/her CRM assessments shall solely be based on observations made during the initial
briefing, cabin briefing, cockpit briefing and those phases where he/she occupies the observer's seat.

Appendix 2 to OPS 1.965

Recurrent training and checking — system panel operators

(a) The recurrent training and checking for system panel operators shall meet the requirements for pilots and any addi-

tional specific duties, omitting those items that do not apply to system panel operators.

(b) Recurrent training and checking for system panel operators shall, whenever possible, take place concurrently with a

pilot undergoing recurrent training and checking.

(c) A line check shall be conducted by a commander nominated by the operator and acceptable to the Authority or by a

system panel operator type rating instructor or examiner.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.968

Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot's seat

(a) Commanders whose duties also require them to operate in the right-hand seat and carry out the duties of co-pilot, or
commanders required to conduct training or examining duties from the right-hand seat, shall complete additional
training and checking as specified in the operations manual, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks
prescribed in OPS 1.965(b). This additional training must include at least the following:

(1) an engine failure during take-off;

(2) a one engine inoperative approach and go-around; and

(3) a one engine inoperative landing.

(b) When engine-out manoeuvres are carried out in an aeroplane, the engine failure must be simulated.

(c) When operating in the right-hand seat, the checks required by OPS for operating in the left-hand seat must, in addi-

tion, be valid and current.

(d) A pilot relieving the commander shall have demonstrated, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed
in OPS 1.965(b), practice of drills and procedures, which would not, normally, be the relieving pilot's responsibility.
Where the differences between left and right seats are not significant (for example because of use of autopilot) then
practice may be conducted in either seat.

(e) A pilot other than the commander occupying the left-hand seat shall demonstrate practice of drills and procedures,
concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in OPS 1.965(b), which would otherwise have been the
commander's responsibility acting as pilot non-flying. Where the differences between left and right seats are not
significant (for example because of use of autopilot) then practice may be conducted in either seat.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.980

Operation on more than one type or variant

(a) When a flight crew member operates more than one aeroplane class, type or variant listed according to applicable
flight crew licensing requirements but not within a single licence endorsement, an operator must comply with the
following:

(1) a flight crew member shall not operate more than:

(i) three piston-engined aeroplane types or variants; or

(ii) three turbo propeller aeroplane types or variants; or

(iii) one turbo-propeller aeroplane type or variant and one piston engined aeroplane type or variant; or.

(vi) one turbo-propeller aeroplane type or variant and any aeroplane within a particular class.

(2) OPS 1.965 for each type or variant operated unless the operator has demonstrated specific procedures and/or

operational restrictions, which are acceptable to the Authority.

(b) When a flight crew member operates more than one aeroplane type or variant within one or more licence endorse-

ment as defined by flight crew licensing (type — multi-pilot), an operator shall ensure that:

(1) the minimum flight crew complement specified in the operations manual is the same for each type or variant to

be operated;

(2) a flight crew member does not operate more than two aeroplane types or variants for which a separate licence

endorsement is required; and

(3) only aeroplanes within one licence endorsement are flown in any one flight duty period unless the operator has

established procedures to ensure adequate time for preparation.

Note: In cases where more than one licence endorsement is involved, see subparagraphs (c) and (d).

(c) When a flight crew member operates more than one aeroplane type or variant listed in flight crew licensing (type
single pilot and type multi pilot), but not within a single licence endorsement, an operator must comply with the
following:

(1) subparagraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3) above;

(2) subparagraph (d) below.

(d) When a flight crew member operates more than one aeroplane type or variant listed in flight crew licensing (type —

multi pilot), but not within a single licence endorsement, an operator must comply with the following:

(1) subparagraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) and (b)(3);

(2) before exercising the privileges of two licence endorsements:

(i) flight crew members must have completed two consecutive operator proficiency checks and must have 500

hours in the relevant crew position in commercial air transport operations with the same operator;

(ii) in the case of a pilot having experience with an operator and exercising the privileges of two licence endorse-
ments, and then being promoted to command with the same operator on one of those types, the required
minimum experience
and the pilot must have
completed two consecutive operator proficiency checks before again being eligible to exercise two licence
endorsements.

and 300 hours,

six months

commander

as

(3) Before commencing training for and operation of another type or variant, flight crew members must have
completed three months and 150 hours flying on the base aeroplane, and this must include at least one profi-
ciency check.

(4) After completion of the initial line check on the new type, 50 hours flying or 20 sectors must be achieved solely

on aeroplanes of the new type rating.

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(5) OPS 1.970 for each type operated unless credits have been allowed by the Authority in accordance with sub-

paragraph (7).

(6) The period within which line flying experience is required on each type must be specified in the operations

manual.

(7) Where credits are sought to reduce the training and checking and recent experience requirements between aero-
plane types, the operator must demonstrate to the Authority which items need not be repeated on each type or
variant because of similarities

(i) OPS 1.965(b) requires two operator proficiency checks every year. When credit is given in accordance with
subparagraph (7) for operator proficiency checks to alternate between the two types, each operator profi-
ciency check revalidates the operator proficiency check for the other type. Provided that the period between
licence proficiency checks does not exceed that prescribed in the applicable regulation in the field of flight
crew licensing for each type, the relevant requirements on flight crew licensing will be satisfied. In addition
relevant and approved recurrent training must be specified in the operations manual.

(ii) OPS 1.965(c) requires one line check every year. When credit is given in accordance with subparagraph (7)
for line checks to alternate between types or variants, each line check revalidates the line check for the other
type or variant.

(iii) Annual emergency and safety equipment training and checking must cover all requirements for each type.

(8) OPS 1.965 for each type or variant operated unless credits have been allowed by the Authority in accordance

with subparagraph (7).

(e) When a flight crew member operates combinations of aeroplane types or variants as defined in flight crew licensing
(class- single pilot and type — multi pilot) an operator must demonstrate that specific procedures and/or operational
restrictions are approved in accordance with OPS 1.980(d).

SUBPART O

CABIN CREW

OPS 1.988

Applicability

An operator shall ensure that all cabin crew members comply with the requirements of this subpart and any other safety
requirements applicable to cabin crew.

For the purpose of this Regulation, “cabin crew member” means any crew member, other than a flight crew member,
who performs, in the interests of safety of passengers, duties assigned to him/her by the operator or the commander in
the cabin of an aeroplane.

OPS 1.989

Identification

(a) An operator shall ensure that all cabin crew members wear the operator's cabin crew uniform and are clearly identifi-

able to the passengers as a cabin crew member.

(b) Other personnel, such as medical staff, security staff, child minders, escorts, technical staff, entertainers, interpreters,
who undertake tasks in the cabin, shall not wear a uniform which might identify them to passengers as a cabin crew
member, unless they comply with the requirements of this subpart and any other applicable requirements of this
Regulation.

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OPS 1.990

Number and composition of cabin crew

(a) An operator shall not operate an aeroplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than
19, when carrying one or more passengers, unless at least one cabin crew member is included in the crew for the
purpose of performing duties, specified in the operations manual, in the interests of the safety of passengers.

(b) When complying with subparagraph (a), an operator shall ensure that the minimum number of cabin crew is the

greater of:

(1) one cabin crew member for every 50, or fraction of 50, passenger seats installed on the same deck of the aero-

plane; or

(2) the number of cabin crew who actively participated in the aeroplane cabin during the relevant emergency evacua-
tion demonstration, or who were assumed to have taken part in the relevant analysis, except that,
if the
maximum approved passenger seating configuration is less than the number evacuated during the demonstration
by at least 50 seats, the number of cabin crew may be reduced by one for every whole multiple of 50 seats by
which the maximum approved passenger seating configuration falls below the certificated maximum capacity.

(c) The Authority may under exceptional circumstances require an operator to include in the crew additional cabin crew

members.

(d) In unforeseen circumstances the required minimum number of cabin crew may be reduced provided that:

(1) the number of passengers has been reduced in accordance with procedures specified in the operations manual;

and

(2) a report is submitted to the Authority after completion of the flight.

(e) An operator shall ensure that when engaging the services of cabin crew members who are self-employed and/or
working on a freelance or part-time basis, the requirements of Subpart O are complied with. In this respect, particular
attention must be paid to the total number of aircraft types or variants that a cabin crew member may fly for the
purposes of commercial air transportation, which must not exceed the requirements prescribed in OPS 1.1030,
including when his/her services are engaged by another operator.

OPS 1.995

Minimum requirements

An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member:

(a) is at least 18 years of age;

(b) has passed a medical examination or assessment at regular intervals as required by the Authority so as to check the

medical fitness to discharge his/her duties;

(c) has successfully completed initial training in accordance with OPS 1.1005 and holds an attestation of safety training;

(d) has completed the appropriate conversion and/or differences training covering at least the subjects listed in OPS

1.1010;

(e) shall undergo recurrent training in line with the provisions of OPS 1.1015;

(f) is competent to perform his/her duties in accordance with procedures specified in the operations manual.

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OPS 1.1000

Senior cabin crew members

(a) An operator shall nominate a senior cabin crew member whenever more than one cabin crew member is assigned.
For operations when more than one cabin crew member is assigned, but only one cabin crew member is required, the
operator shall nominate one cabin crew member to be responsible to the commander.

(b) The senior cabin crew member shall have responsibility to the commander for the conduct and coordination of
normal and emergency procedure(s) specified in the operations manual. During turbulence, in the absence of any
instructions from the flight crew, the senior cabin crew member shall be entitled to discontinue non-safety related
duties and advise the flight crew of the level of turbulence being experienced and the need for the fasten seat belt
signs to be switched on. This should be followed by the cabin crew securing the passenger cabin and other applicable
areas.

(c) Where required by OPS 1.990 to carry more than one cabin crew member, an operator shall not appoint a person to
the post of senior cabin crew member unless that person has at least one year's experience as an operating cabin crew
member and has completed an appropriate course covering the following as a minimum:

(1) pre-flight briefing:

(i) operating as a crew;

(ii) allocation of cabin crew stations and responsibilities;

(iii) consideration of the particular flight, including aeroplane type, equipment, area and type of operation, and

categories of passengers with particular attention to disabled, infants and stretcher cases; and

(2) cooperation within the crew:

(i) discipline, responsibilities and chain of command;

(ii) importance of coordination and communication;

(iii) pilot incapacitation; and

(3) review of operator's requirements and legal requirements:

(i) passenger safety briefing, safety cards;

(ii) securing of galleys;

(iii) stowage of cabin baggage;

(iv) electronic equipment;

(v) procedures when fuelling with passengers on board;

(vi) turbulence;

(vii) documentation; and

(4) human factors and crew resource management; and

(5) accident and incident reporting; and

(6) flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.

(d) An operator shall establish procedures to select the next most suitably qualified cabin crew member to operate as
senior cabin crew member in the event of the nominated senior cabin crew member becoming unable to operate.
Such procedures must be acceptable to the Authority and take account of a cabin crew member's operational experi-
ence.

(e) CRM training: The operator shall ensure that all relevant elements in Appendix 2 to OPS1.1005/1.1010/1.1015 Table
1, Column (a) are integrated into the training and covered to the level required by Column (f), Senior cabin crew
course.

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OPS 1.1002

Single cabin crew member operations

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member who does not have previous comparable experience completes

the following, before operating as a single cabin crew member:

(1) training in addition to that required by OPS 1.1005 and OPS 1.1010 shall include particular emphasis on the

following to reflect single cabin crew member operations:

(i) responsibility to the commander for the conduct of cabin safety and emergency procedure(s) specified in the

operations manual;

(ii) importance of coordination and communication with the flight crew, management of unruly or disruptive

passengers;

(iii) review of operator's requirements and legal requirements;

(iv) documentation;

(v) accident and incident reporting;

(vi) flight and duty time limitations;

(2) familiarisation flying of at least 20 hours and 15 sectors. Familiarisation flights shall be conducted under the

supervision of a suitably experienced cabin crew member on the aeroplane type to be operated.

(b) An operator shall ensure, before a cabin crew member is assigned to operate as a single cabin crew member, that this
cabin crew member is competent to perform his/her duties in accordance with the procedures specified in the opera-
tions manual. Suitability for single cabin crew operations shall be addressed in the criteria for cabin crew selection,
recruitment, training and assessment of competence.

OPS 1.1005

Initial safety training

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1005)

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member has, before undertaking conversion training, successfully

completed initial safety training covering at least the subjects listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1005.

(b) Training courses shall, at the discretion of the Authority, and subject to its approval, be provided:

either

(1) by the operator

— directly, or

— indirectly through a training organisation acting on behalf of the operator;

or

(2) by an approved training organisation.

(c) The programme and structure of the initial training courses shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements

and shall be subject to prior approval of the Authority.

(d) At the discretion of the Authority, the Authority, the operator or the approved training organisation providing the
training course, shall deliver an attestation of safety training to a cabin crew member after he/she has completed the
initial safety training and successfully passed the check referred to in OPS 1.1025.

(e) Where the Authority authorises an operator or an approved training organisation to deliver the attestation of safety
training to a cabin crew member, such attestation shall clearly state a reference to the approval of the Authority.

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OPS 1.1010

Conversion and differences training

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010)

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member has completed appropriate conversion and differences training,
in accordance with the applicable rules and at least the subjects listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010. The training
course shall be specified in the operations manual. The programme and structure of the training course shall be
subject to prior approval by the Authority.

(1) Conversion training: A conversion course must be completed before being:

(i) first assigned by the operator to operate as a cabin crew member; or

(ii) assigned to operate another aeroplane type; and

(2) differences training: Differences training must be completed before operating:

(i) on a variant of an aeroplane type currently operated; or

(ii) with different safety equipment, safety equipment location, or normal and emergency safety procedures on

currently operated aeroplane types or variants.

(b) An operator shall determine the content of the conversion and differences training taking account of the cabin crew

member's previous training as recorded in the cabin crew member's training records required by OPS 1.1035.

(c) Without prejudice to OPS 1.995(c), related elements of both initial training (OPS 1.1005) and conversion and differ-

ences training (OPS 1.1010) may be combined.

(d) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) conversion training is conducted in a structured and realistic manner, in accordance with Appendix 1 to OPS

1.1010;

(2) differences training is conducted in a structured manner; and

(3) conversion training, and if necessary differences training, includes the use of all safety equipment and all normal
and emergency procedures applicable to the type or variant of aeroplane and involves training and practice on
either a representative training device or on the actual aeroplane.

(e) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member before being first assigned to duties completes the operator's
CRM training and aeroplane type specific CRM, in accordance with Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010(j). Cabin crew who
are already operating as cabin crew members with an operator, and who have not previously completed the operator's
CRM training, shall complete this training by the time of the next required recurrent training and checking in accord-
ance with Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010(j), including aeroplane type specific CRM, as relevant.

OPS 1.1012

Familiarisation

An operator shall ensure that, following completion of conversion training, each cabin crew member completes familiari-
sation prior to operating as one of the minimum number of cabin crew required by OPS 1.990.

OPS 1.1015

Recurrent training

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015)

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member undergoes recurrent training, covering the actions assigned to
each crew member in normal and emergency procedures and drills relevant to the type(s) and/or variant(s) of aero-
plane on which they operate in accordance with Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015.

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(b) An operator shall ensure that the recurrent training programme approved by the Authority includes theoretical and

practical instruction, together with individual practice, as prescribed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015.

(c) The period of validity of recurrent training and the associated checking required by OPS 1.1025 shall be 12 calendar
months in addition to the remainder of the month of issue. If issued within the final three calendar months of validity
of a previous check, the period of validity shall extend from the date of issue until 12 calendar months from the
expiry date of that previous check.

OPS 1.1020

Refresher training

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020)

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member who has been absent from all flying duties for more than six
months and still remains within the period of the previous check required by OPS 1.1025(b)(3) completes refresher
training specified in the operations manual as prescribed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020.

(b) An operator shall ensure that when a cabin crew member has not been absent from all flying duties, but has not,
during the preceding six months, undertaken duties on a type of aeroplane as a cabin crew member required by OPS
1.990(b), before undertaking such duties on that type, the cabin crew member either:

(1) completes refresher training on the type; or

(2) operates two refamiliarisation sectors during commercial operations on the type.

OPS 1.1025

Checking

(a) At the discretion of the Authority, the Authority, the operator or the approved training organisation providing the
training course shall ensure that during or following completion of the training required by OPS 1.1005, 1.1010,
1.1015 and 1.1020, each cabin crew member undergoes a check covering the training received in order to verify his/
her proficiency in carrying out normal and emergency safety duties.

At the discretion of the Authority, the Authority, the operator or the approved training organisation providing the
training course shall ensure that the personnel performing these checks shall be suitably qualified.

(b) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member undergoes checks as follows:

(1) initial safety training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1005;

(2) conversion and differences training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010;

(3) recurrent training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015 as appropriate; and

(4) refresher training. The items listed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020.

OPS 1.1030

Operation on more than one type or variant

(a) An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member does not operate on more than three aeroplane types except
that, with the approval of the Authority, the cabin crew member may operate on four aeroplane types, provided that
for at least two of the types:

(1) non-type specific normal and emergency procedures are identical; and

(2) safety equipment and type specific normal and emergency procedures are similar.

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(b) For the purposes of subparagraph (a), variants of an aeroplane type are considered to be different types if they are not

similar in all the following aspects:

(1) emergency exit operation;

(2) location and type of portable safety equipment; and

(3) type specific emergency procedures.

OPS 1.1035

Training records

An operator shall:

(1) maintain records of all training and checking required by OPS 1.1005, 1.1010, 1.1015, 1.1020 and 1.1025; and

(2) keep a copy of the attestation of safety training; and

(3) keep the training records and records of medical examinations or assessments up to date, showing in the case of the

training records the dates and contents of the conversion, differences and recurrent training received; and

(4) make the records of all initial, conversion and recurrent training and checking available, on request, to the cabin crew

member concerned.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1005

Initial safety training

The subjects that must be covered as a minimum by a course of initial safety training referred to in OPS 1.1005 are:

(a) fire and smoke training:

1. emphasis on the responsibility of cabin crew to deal promptly with emergencies involving fire and smoke and, in

particular, emphasis on the importance of identifying the actual source of the fire;

2. the importance of informing the flight crew immediately, as well as the specific actions necessary for coordination

and assistance, when fire or smoke is discovered;

3. the necessity for frequent checking of potential fire-risk areas including toilets, and the associated smoke detectors;

4. the classification of fires and the appropriate type of extinguishing agents and procedures for particular fire situa-
tions, the techniques of application of extinguishing agents, the consequences of misapplication, and of use in a
confined space; and

5. the general procedures of ground-based emergency services at aerodromes;

(b) water survival training:

The actual donning and use of personal flotation equipment in water. Before first operating on an aeroplane fitted
with life-rafts or other similar equipment, training must be given on the use of this equipment, as well as actual prac-
tice in water;

(c) survival training:

survival training shall be appropriate to the areas of operation (e.g. polar, desert, jungle or sea);

(d) medical aspects and first aid:

1.

instruction on first aid and the use of first-aid kits;

2. first-aid associated with survival training and appropriate hygiene; and

3. the physiological effects of flying and with particular emphasis on hypoxia;

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(e) passenger handling:

1. advice on the recognition and management of passengers who are, or become, intoxicated with alcohol or are

under the influence of drugs or are aggressive;

2. methods used to motivate passengers and the crowd control necessary to expedite an aeroplane evacuation;

3. regulations covering the safe stowage of cabin baggage (including cabin service items) and the risk of it becoming
a hazard to occupants of the cabin or otherwise obstruction or damaging emergency equipment or aeroplane exits;

4. the importance of correct seat allocation with reference to aeroplane mass and balance. Particular emphasis shall
also be given on the seating of disabled passengers, and the necessity of seating able-bodied passengers adjacent to
unsupervised exits;

5. duties to be undertaken in the event of encountering turbulence, including securing the cabin;

6. precautions to be taken when live animals are carried in the cabin;

7. dangerous goods training, including provisions under Subpart R;

8. security procedures, including provisions under Subpart S;

(f) communication:

during training, emphasis shall be placed on the importance of effective communication between cabin crew and
flight crew including technique, common language and terminology;

(g) discipline and responsibilities:

1. the importance of cabin crew performing their duties in accordance with the operations manual;

2. continuing competence and fitness to operate as a cabin crew member with special regard to flight and duty time

limitations and rest requirements;

3. an awareness of the aviation regulations relating to cabin crew and the role of the Civil Aviation Authority;

4. general knowledge of relevant aviation terminology, theory of flight, passenger distribution, meteorology and areas

of operation;

5. pre-flight briefing of the cabin crew and the provision of necessary safety information with regards to their specific

duties;

6. the importance of ensuring that relevant documents and manuals are kept up to date with amendments provided

by the operator;

7. the importance of identifying when cabin crew members have the authority and responsibility to initiate an

evacuation and other emergency procedures; and

8. the importance of safety duties and responsibilities and the need to respond promptly and effectively to emergency

situations;

(h) crew resource management:

(1) introductory CRM course:

(i) a cabin crew member shall complete an introductory CRM course before being first assigned to operate as a
cabin crew member. Cabin crew who are already operating as cabin crew members in commercial air trans-
portation and who have not previously completed an introductory course, shall complete an introductory
CRM course by the time of the next required recurrent training and/or checking;

(ii) the training elements in Appendix 2 to OPS 1.1005/1.1010/1/1.1015 Table 1, Column (a) shall be covered

to the level required in Column (b), Introductory CRM course.

(iii) the introductory CRM course shall be conducted by at least one cabin crew CRM instructor.

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Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1010

Conversion and differences training

(a) General

An operator shall ensure that:

1. conversion and differences training is conducted by suitably qualified personnel; and

2. during conversion and differences training, training is given on the location, removal and use of all safety and
survival equipment carried on the aeroplane, as well as all normal and emergency procedures related to the aero-
plane type, variant and configuration to be operated.

(b) Fire and smoke training

An operator shall ensure that:

1. each cabin crew member is given realistic and practical training in the use of all fire-fighting equipment including

protective clothing representative of that carried in the aeroplane. This training must include:

(i) extinguishing a fire characteristic of an aeroplane interior fire except that, in the case of halon extinguishers, an

alternative extinguishing agent may be used; and

(ii) the donning and use of protective breathing equipment in an enclosed, simulated smoke-filled environment.

(c) Operations of doors and exits

An operator shall ensure that:

1. each cabin crew member operates and actually opens all normal and emergency exits for passenger evacuation in

an aeroplane or representative training device; and

2. the operation of all other exits, such as flight deck windows is demonstrated.

(d) Evacuation slide training

An operator shall ensure that:

1. each cabin crew member descends an evacuation slide from a height representative of the aeroplane's main deck

sill height;

2. the slide is fitted to an aeroplane or a representative training device; and

3. a further descent is made when the cabin crew member qualifies on an aeroplane type in which the main deck exit

sill height differs significantly from any aeroplane type previously operated.

(e) Evacuation procedures and other emergency situations

An operator shall ensure that:

1. emergency evacuation training includes the recognition of planned or unplanned evacuations on land or water.
This training must include recognition of when exits are unusable or when evacuation equipment is unserviceable;
and

2. each cabin crew member is trained to deal with the following:

(i) an in-flight fire, with particular emphasis on identifying the actual source of the fire;

(ii) severe air turbulence;

(iii) sudden decompression, including the donning of portable oxygen equipment by each cabin crew member; and

(iv) other in-flight emergencies.

(f) Crowd control

An operator shall ensure that training is provided on the practical aspects of crowd control in various emergency
situations, as applicable to the aeroplane type.

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(g) Pilot incapacitation

An operator shall ensure that, unless the minimum flight crew is more than two, each cabin crew member is trained
in the procedure for flight crew member incapacitation and shall operate the seat and harness mechanisms. Training
in the use of flight crew members' oxygen system and use of the flight crew members' check lists, where required by
the operator's SOP's, shall be conducted by a practical demonstration.

(h) Safety equipment

An operator shall ensure that each cabin crew member is given realistic training on, and demonstration of, the loca-
tion and use of safety equipment including the following:

1. slides, and where non-self-supporting slides are carried, the use of any associated ropes;

2.

life-rafts and slide-raft, including the equipment attached to, and/or carried in, the raft;

3.

lifejackets, infant lifejackets and flotation cots;

4. dropout oxygen system;

5. first-aid oxygen;

6. fire extinguishers;

7. fire axe or crow-bar;

8. emergency lights including torches;

9. communication equipment, including megaphones;

10. survival packs, including their contents;

11. pyrotechnics (actual or representative devices);

12. first-aid kits, their contents and emergency medical equipment; and

13. other cabin safety equipment or systems where applicable.

(i) Passenger briefing/safety demonstrations

An operator shall ensure that training is given in the preparation of passengers for normal and emergency situations
in accordance with OPS 1.285.

(j) Crew resource management. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) each cabin crew member completes the operator's CRM training covering the training elements in Appendix 2 to
OPS 1.1005/1.1010/1.1015 Table 1, Column (a) to the level required in Column (c) before undertaking subse-
quent aeroplane type specific CRM and/or recurrent CRM training;

(2) when a cabin crew member undertakes a conversion course on another aeroplane type, the training elements in
Appendix 2 to OPS 1.1005/1.1010/1.1015 Table 1, Column (a) shall be covered to the level required in Column
(d), Aeroplane type specific CRM;

(3) the operator's CRM training and aeroplane type specific CRM shall be conducted by a least one cabin crew CRM

instructor.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1015

Recurrent training

(a) An operator shall ensure that recurrent training is conducted by suitably qualified persons.

(b) An operator shall ensure that every 12 calendar months the programme of practical training includes the following:

1. emergency procedures including pilot incapacitation;

2. evacuation procedures including crowd control techniques;

3. touch-drills by each cabin crew member for opening normal and emergency exits for passenger evacuation;

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4. the location and handling of emergency equipment, including oxygen systems, and the donning by each cabin

crew member of lifejackets, portable oxygen and protective breathing equipment (PBE);

5. first aid and the contents of the first-aid kits;

6. stowage of articles in the cabin;

7. security procedures;

8.

incident and accident review; and

9. crew resource management. An operator shall ensure that CRM training satisfies the following:

(i) the training elements in Appendix 2 to OPS 1.1005/ 1.1010/1/1.1015 Table 1, Column (a) shall be covered

within a three year cycle to the level required by Column (e), Annual recurrent CRM training;

(ii) the definition and implementation of this syllabus shall be managed by a cabin crew CRM instructor; qnw

(iii) when CRM training is provided by stand-alone modules, it shall be conducted by at least one cabin crew CRM

instructor.

(c) An operator shall ensure that, at intervals not exceeding three years, recurrent training also includes:

1. the operation and actual opening of all normal and emergency exits for passenger evacuation in an aircraft or

representative training device;

2. demonstration of the operation of all other exits;

3. realistic and practical training in the use of all fire-fighting equipment, including protective clothing, representative

of that carried in the aircraft;

This training must include:

(i) extinguishing a fire characteristic of an aeroplane interior fire except that, in the case of halon extinguishers, an

alternative extinguishing agent may be used; and

(ii) the donning and use of protective breathing equipment by each cabin crew member in an enclosed, simulated

smoke-filled environment;

4. use of pyrotechnics (actual or representative devices); and

5. demonstration of the use of the life-raft, or slide-raft, where fitted.

6. An operator shall ensure that, unless the minimum flight crew is more than two, each cabin crew member is
trained in the procedure for flight crew member incapacitation and shall operate the seat and harness mechanisms.
Training in the use of flight crew members' oxygen system and use of the flight crew' check lists, where required
by the operator's SOP's, shall be conducted by a practical demonstration

(d) An operator shall ensure that all appropriate requirements of Annex III, OPS 1 are included in the training of cabin

crew members.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1020

Refresher training

An operator shall ensure that refresher training is conducted by suitable qualified persons and, for each cabin crew
member, includes at least the following:

(1) emergency procedures including pilot incapacitation;

(2) evacuation procedures including crowd control techniques;

(3) the operation and actual opening of all normal and emergency exits for passenger evacuation in an aeroplane or

representative training device;

(4) demonstration of the operation of all other exits including flight deck windows; and

(5) the location and handling of emergency equipment, including oxygen systems, and the donning of lifejackets, portable

oxygen and protective breathing equipment.

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Appendix 2 to OPS 1.1005/1.1010/1.1015

Training

1. The CRM training syllabi, together with CRM methodology and terminology, shall be included in the operations

manual.

2. Table 1 indicates which elements of CRM shall be included in each type of training.

Table 1

CRM training

Training elements

Introductory
CRM course

Operator's CRM
training

Aeroplane type
specific CRM

Annual
Recurrent CRM
training

Senior cabin
crew course

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

General principles

Human factors in aviation

In depth

Not required

Not required

Overview

General instructions on CRM princi-
ples and objectives

Human performance and limitations

Not required

From the perspective of the individual cabin crew member

Personality awareness, human error
and reliability, attitudes and beha-
viours, self-assessment

Stress and stress management

Fatigue and vigilance

In depth
Not required

Not required

Overview

(3-year cycle)

Not required

Assertiveness

Situation
acquisition and processing

awareness,

information

From the perspective of the whole aeroplane crew

Error prevention and detection

Shared situation awareness, informa-
tion acquisition & processing

Workload management

Effective communication and coor-
dination between all crew members
including the flight crew as well as
inexperienced cabin crew members,
cultural differences

Not required

In-depth

Relevant to
the type(s)

Overview

(3-year cycle)

Reinforce-
ment
(relevant to
the senior
cabin crew
duties)

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Training elements

Introductory
CRM course

Operator's CRM
training

Aeroplane type
specific CRM

Annual
Recurrent CRM
training

Senior cabin
crew course

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Leadership,
decision-making, delegation

cooperation,

synergy,

Individual and team responsibilities,
decision making, and actions

Identification and management of
the passenger human factors: crowd
control, passenger
stress, conflict
management, medical factors

Specifics related to aeroplane types
(narrow/wide
single/multi
bodies,
deck),
flight crew and cabin crew
composition and number of passen-
gers

Not required

In depth

From the perspective of the operator and the organisation

Company safety culture, SOPs, orga-
nisational factors, factors linked to
the type of operations

Effective communication and coor-
dination with other operational
personnel and ground services

Not required

In depth

Relevant to
the type(s)

Overview (3
year cycle)

Participation in cabin safety incident
and accident reporting

Case based studies (see note)

Required

Required

Note: n Column (d), if relevant aeroplane type specific case based studies are not available, then case based studies relevant to the scale and

scope of the operation shall be considered.

SUBPART P

MANUALS, LOGS AND RECORDS

OPS 1.1040

General rules for operations manuals

(a) An operator shall ensure that the operations manual contains all instructions and information necessary for opera-

tions personnel to perform their duties.

(b) An operator shall ensure that the contents of the operations manual, including all amendments or revisions, do not
contravene the conditions contained in the air operator certificate (AOC) or any applicable regulations and are accep-
table to, or, where applicable, approved by, the Authority.

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(c) Unless otherwise approved by the Authority, or prescribed by national law, an operator must prepare the operations
manual in the English language. In addition, an operator may translate and use that manual, or parts thereof, into
another language.

(d) Should it become necessary for an operator to produce new operations manuals or major parts/volumes thereof, he

must comply with subparagraph (c).

(e) An operator may issue an operations manual in separate volumes.

(f) An operator shall ensure that all operations personnel have easy access to a copy of each part of the operations
manual which is relevant to their duties. In addition, the operator shall supply crew members with a personal copy
of, or sections from, Parts A and B of the operations manual as are relevant for personal study.

(g) An operator shall ensure that the operations manual is amended or revised so that the instructions and information
contained therein are kept up to date. The operator shall ensure that all operations personnel are made aware of such
changes that are relevant to their duties.

(h) Each holder of an operations manual, or appropriate parts of it, shall keep it up to date with the amendments or revi-

sions supplied by the operator.

(i) An operator shall supply the Authority with intended amendments and revisions in advance of the effective date.
When the amendment concerns any part of the operations manual which must be approved in accordance with OPS,
this approval shall be obtained before the amendment becomes effective. When immediate amendments or revisions
are required in the interest of safety, they may be published and applied immediately, provided that any approval
required has been applied for.

(j) An operator shall incorporate all amendments and revisions required by the Authority.

(k) An operator must ensure that information taken from approved documents, and any amendment of such approved
documentation, is correctly reflected in the operations manual and that the operations manual contains no informa-
tion contrary to any approved documentation. However, this requirement does not prevent an operator from using
more conservative data and procedures.

(l) An operator must ensure that the contents of the operations manual are presented in a form in which they can be

used without difficulty. The design of the operations manual shall observe human factors principles.

(m) An operator may be permitted by the Authority to present the operations manual or parts thereof in a form other
than on printed paper. In such cases, an acceptable level of accessibility, usability and reliability must be assured.

(n) The use of an abridged form of the operations manual does not exempt the operator from the requirements of OPS

1.130.

OPS 1.1045

Operations manual — structure and contents

(See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1045)

(a) An operator shall ensure that the main structure of the operations manual is as follows:

— Part A: General/basic

This part shall comprise all non type-related operational policies, instructions and procedures needed for a safe
operation.

— Part B: Aeroplane operating matters

This part shall comprise all type-related instructions and procedures needed for a safe operation. It shall take
account of any differences between types, variants or individual aeroplanes used by the operator.

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— Part C: Route and aerodrome instructions and information

This part shall comprise all instructions and information needed for the area of operation.

— Part D: Training

This part shall comprise all training instructions for personnel required for a safe operation.

(b) An operator shall ensure that the contents of the operations manual are in accordance with Appendix 1 to OPS

1.1045 and relevant to the area and type of operation.

(c) An operator shall ensure that, the detailed structure of the operations manual is acceptable to the Authority.

OPS 1.1050

Aeroplane flight manual

An operator shall keep a current approved aeroplane flight manual or equivalent document for each aeroplane that it
operates.

OPS 1.1055

Journey log

(a) An operator shall retain the following information for each flight in the form of a journey log:

(1) aeroplane registration;

(2) date;

(3) name(s) of crew member(s);

(4) duty assignment of crew member(s);

(5) place of departure;

(6) place of arrival;

(7) time of departure (off-block time);

(8) time of arrival (on-block time);

(9) hours of flight;

(10) nature of flight;

(11) incidents, observations (if any); and

(12) commander's signature (or equivalent).

(b) An operator may be permitted not to keep an aeroplane journey log, or parts thereof, by the Authority if the relevant

information is available in other documentation.

(c) An operator shall ensure that all entries are made concurrently and that they are permanent in nature.

OPS 1.1060

Operational flight plan

(a) An operator must ensure that the operational flight plan used and the entries made during flight contain the

following items:

(1) aeroplane registration;

(2) aeroplane type and variant;

(3) date of flight;

(4) flight identification;

(5) names of flight crew members;

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(6) duty assignment of flight crew members;

(7) place of departure;

(8) time of departure (actual off-block time, take-off time);

(9) place of arrival (planned and actual);

(10) time of arrival (actual landing and on-block time);

(11) type of operation (ETOPS, VFR, ferry flight, etc.)

(12) route and route segments with checkpoints/waypoints, distances, time and tracks;

(13) planned cruising speed and flying times between check-points/waypoints. Estimated and actual times overhead;

(14) safe altitudes and minimum levels;

(15) planned altitudes and flight levels;

(16) fuel calculations (records of in-flight fuel checks);

(17) fuel on board when starting engines;

(18) alternate(s) for destination and, where applicable, take-off and en-route, including information required in sub-

paragraphs (12), (13), (14), and (15);

(19) initial ATS flight plan clearance and subsequent re-clearance;

(20) in-flight re-planning calculations; and

(21) relevant meteorological information.

(b) Items which are readily available in other documentation or from another acceptable source or are irrelevant to the

type of operation may be omitted from the operational flight plan.

(c) An operator must ensure that the operational flight plan and its use are described in the operations manual.

(d) An operator shall ensure that all entries on the operational flight plan are made concurrently and that they are perma-

nent in nature.

OPS 1.1065

Document storage periods

An operator shall ensure that all records and all relevant operational and technical information for each individual flight,
are stored for the periods prescribed in Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1065.

OPS 1.1070

Operator's continuing airworthiness management exposition

An operator shall keep a current approved continuing airworthiness e management exposition as prescribed in Part M,
paragraph M.A.704.

OPS 1.1071

Aeroplane technical log

An operator shall keep an aeroplane technical log as prescribed in OPS 1.915.

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1045

Operations manual contents

An operator shall ensure that the operations manual contains the following:

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0

ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONS MANUAL

A. GENERAL/BASIC

0.1.

Introduction

(a) A statement that the manual complies with all applicable regulations and with the terms and conditions of

the applicable air operator certificate.

(b) A statement that the manual contains operational instructions that are to be complied with by the relevant

personnel.

(c) A list and brief description of the various parts, their contents, applicability and use.

(d) Explanations and definitions of terms and words needed for the use of the manual.

0.2.

System of amendment and revision

(a) Details of the person(s) responsible for the issuance and insertion of amendments and revisions.

(b) A record of amendments and revisions with insertion dates and effective dates.

(c) A statement that handwritten amendments and revisions are not permitted except in situations requiring

immediate amendment or revision in the interest of safety.

(d) A description of the system for the annotation of pages and their effective dates.

(e) A list of effective pages.

(f) Annotation of changes (on text pages and, as far as practicable, on charts and diagrams).

(g) Temporary revisions.

A description of the distribution system for the manuals, amendments and revisions.

1

ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

Organisational structure. A description of the organisational structure including the general company organigram
and operations department organigram. The organigram must depict the relationship between the operations
department and the other departments of the company. In particular, the subordination and reporting lines of all
divisions, departments, etc., which pertain to the safety of flight operations, must be shown.

Nominated postholders. The name of each nominated postholder responsible for flight operations, the mainte-
nance system, crew training and ground operations, as prescribed in OPS 1.175(i). A description of their function
and responsibilities must be included.

Responsibilities and duties of operations management personnel. A description of the duties, responsibilities and
authority of operations management personnel pertaining to the safety of flight operations and the compliance
with the applicable regulations.

1.4.

Authority, duties and responsibilities of the commander. A statement defining the authority, duties and responsi-
bilities of the commander.

1.5.

Duties and responsibilities of crew members other than the commander.

2

OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION

2.1.

Supervision of the operation by the operator. A description of the system for supervision of the operation by the
operator (see OPS 1.175(g)). This must show how the safety of flight operations and the qualifications of
personnel are supervised. In particular, the procedures related to the following items must be described:

(a) licence and qualification validity;

(b) competence of operations personnel; and

(c) control, analysis and storage of records, flight documents, additional information and data.

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2.2.

2.3.

2.4.

2.5.

System of promulgation of additional operational instructions and information. A description of any system for
promulgating information which may be of an operational nature but is supplementary to that in the operations
manual. The applicability of this information and the responsibilities for its promulgation must be included.

Accident prevention and flight safety programme. A description of
programme.

the main aspects of

the flight safety

Operational control. A description of the procedures and responsibilities necessary to exercise operational control
with respect to flight safety.

Powers of the Authority. A description of the powers of the Authority and guidance to staff on how to facilitate
inspections by Authority personnel.

3

QUALITY SYSTEM

A description of the quality system adopted including at least:

(a) quality policy;

(b) a description of the organisation of the quality system; and

(c) allocation of duties and responsibilities.

4

CREW COMPOSITION

4.1.

Crew composition. An explanation of the method for determining crew compositions taking account of the
following:

(a) the type of aeroplane being used;

(b) the area and type of operation being undertaken;

(c) the phase of the flight;

(d) the minimum crew requirement and flight duty period planned;

(e) experience (total and on type), recency and qualification of the crew members;

(f) the designation of the commander and, if necessitated by the duration of the flight, the procedures for the

relief of the commander or other members of the flight crew (see Appendix 1 to OPS 1.940); and

(g) the designation of the senior cabin crew member and, if necessitated by the duration of the flight, the proce-

dures for the relief of the senior cabin crew member and any other member of the cabin crew.

4.2.

Designation of the commander. The rules applicable to the designation of the commander.

4.3.

Flight crew incapacitation. Instructions on the succession of command in the event of flight crew incapacitation.

4.4.

Operation of more than one type. A statement indicating which aeroplanes are considered as one type for the
purpose of:

(a) flight crew scheduling; and

(b) cabin crew scheduling.

5

QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1.

A description of the required licence, rating(s), qualification/competency (e.g. for routes and aerodromes), experi-
ence, training, checking and recency for operations personnel to conduct their duties. Consideration must be
given to the aeroplane type, kind of operation and composition of the crew.

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5.2.

Flight crew

(a) Commander

(b) Pilot relieving the commander

(c) Co-pilot

(d) Pilot under supervision

(e) System panel operator

(f) Operation on more than one type or variant.

5.3.

Cabin crew

(a) Senior cabin crew member

(b) Cabin crew member

(i) Required cabin crew member

(ii) Additional cabin crew member and cabin crew member during familiarisation flights

(c) Operation on more than one type or variant

5.4.

Training, checking and supervision personnel

(a) For flight crew

(b) For cabin crew

5.5.

Other operations personnel

6

CREW HEALTH PRECAUTIONS

6.1.

Crew health precautions. The relevant regulations and guidance to crew members concerning health including:

(a) alcohol and other intoxicating liquor;

(b) narcotics;

(c) drugs;

(d) sleeping tablets;

(e) pharmaceutical preparations;

(f) immunisation;

(g) deep diving;

(h) blood donation;

(i) meal precautions prior to and during flight;

(j) sleep and rest; and

(k) surgical operations.

7

FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS

7.1.

7.2.

Flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements. The scheme developed by the operator in accordance with
applicable requirements.

Exceedances of flight and duty time limitations and/or reductions of rest periods. Conditions under which flight
and duty time may be exceeded or rest periods may be reduced and the procedures used to report these modifica-
tions.

8

OPERATING PROCEDURES

8.1.

Flight preparation instructions. As applicable to the operation:

8.1.1. Minimum flight altitudes. A description of the method of determination and application of minimum altitudes

including:

(a) a procedure to establish the minimum altitudes/flight levels for VFR flights; and

(b) a procedure to establish the minimum altitudes/flight levels for IFR flights.

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8.1.2. Criteria and responsibilities for the authorisation of the use of aerodromes taking into account the applicable

requirements of subparts D, E, F, G, H, I and J.

8.1.3. Methods for establishing of aerodrome operating minima. The method for establishing aerodrome operating
minima for IFR flights in accordance with OPS 1 Subpart E. Reference must be made to procedures for the
determination of the visibility and/or runway visual range and for the applicability of the actual visibility observed
by the pilots, the reported visibility and the reported runway visual range.

8.1.4.

En-route operating minima for VFR flights or VFR portions of a flight and, where single engined aeroplanes are
used,
instructions for route selection with respect to the availability of surfaces which permit a safe forced
landing.

8.1.5.

Presentation and application of aerodrome and en-route operating minima.

8.1.6.

Interpretation of meteorological information. Explanatory material on the decoding of MET forecasts and MET
reports relevant to the area of operations, including the interpretation of conditional expressions.

8.1.7. Determination of the quantities of fuel, oil and water methanol carried. The methods by which the quantities of
fuel, oil and water methanol to be carried are determined and monitored in flight. This section must also include
instructions on the measurement and distribution of the fluid carried on board. Such instructions must take
account of all circumstances likely to be encountered on the flight, including the possibility of in-flight replanning
and of failure of one or more of the aeroplane's power plants. The system for maintaining fuel and oil records
must also be described.

8.1.8. Mass and centre of gravity. The general principles of mass and centre of gravity including:

(a) definitions;

(b) methods, procedures and responsibilities for preparation and acceptance of mass and centre of gravity calcula-

tions;

(c) the policy for using either standard and/or actual masses;

(d) the method for determining the applicable passenger, baggage and cargo mass;

(e) the applicable passenger and baggage masses for various types of operations and aeroplane type;

(f) general instruction and information necessary for verification of the various types of mass and balance docu-

mentation in use;

(g) last-minute changes procedures;

(h) specific gravity of fuel, oil and water methanol; and

(i) seating policy/procedures.

8.1.9. ATS flight plan. Procedures and responsibilities for the preparation and submission of the air traffic services flight

plan. Factors to be considered include the means of submission for both individual and repetitive flight plans.

8.1.10. Operational flight plan. Procedures and responsibilities for the preparation and acceptance of the operational
flight plan. The use of the operational flight plan must be described including samples of the operational flight
plan formats in use.

8.1.11. Operator's aeroplane technical log. The responsibilities and the use of the operator's aeroplane technical log must

be described, including samples of the format used.

8.1.12. List of documents, forms and additional information to be carried.

8.2.

Ground handling instructions

8.2.1.

Fuelling procedures. A description of fuelling procedures, including:

(a) safety precautions during refuelling and defuelling including when an APU is in operation or when a turbine

engine is running and the prop-brakes are on;

(b) refuelling and defuelling when passengers are embarking, on board or disembarking; and

(c) precautions to be taken to avoid mixing fuels.

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8.2.2. Aeroplane, passengers and cargo handling procedures related to safety. A description of the handling procedures
to be used when allocating seats and embarking and disembarking passengers and when loading and unloading
the aeroplane. Further procedures, aimed at achieving safety whilst the aeroplane is on the ramp, must also be
given. Handling procedures must include:

(a) children/infants, sick passengers and persons with reduced mobility;

(b) transportation of inadmissible passengers, deportees or persons in custody;

(c) permissible size and weight of hand baggage;

(d) loading and securing of items in the aeroplane;

(e) special loads and classification of load compartments;

(f) positioning of ground equipment;

(g) operation of aeroplane doors;

(h) safety on the ramp, including fire prevention, blast and suction areas;

(i) start-up, ramp departure and arrival procedures including push-back and towing operations;

(j) servicing of aeroplanes; and

(k) documents and forms for aeroplane handling;

(l) multiple occupancy of aeroplane seats.

8.2.3.

Procedures for the refusal of embarkation. Procedures to ensure that persons who appear to be intoxicated or
who demonstrate by manner or physical indications that they are under the influence of drugs, except medical
patients under proper care, are refused embarkation. This does not apply to medical patients under proper care.

8.2.4. De-icing and anti-icing on the ground. A description of the de-icing and anti-icing policy and procedures for aero-
planes on the ground. These shall include descriptions of the types and effects of icing and other contaminants
on aeroplanes whilst stationary, during ground movements and during take-off. In addition, a description of the
fluid types used must be given including:

(a) proprietary or commercial names;

(b) characteristics;

(c) effects on aeroplane performance;

(d) hold-over times; and

(e) precautions during usage.

8.3.

Flight procedures

8.3.1. VFR/IFR policy. A description of the policy for allowing flights to be made under VFR, or of requiring flights to

be made under IFR, or of changing from one to the other.

8.3.2. Navigation procedures. A description of all navigation procedures relevant to the type(s) and area(s) of operation.

Consideration must be given to:

(a) standard navigational procedures including policy for carrying out independent cross-checks of keyboard

entries where these affect the flight path to be followed by the aeroplane;

(b) MNPS and POLAR navigation and navigation in other designated areas;

(c) RNAV;

(d) in-flight replanning;

(e) procedures in the event of system degradation; and

(f) RVSM

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8.3.3. Altimeter setting procedures including use, where appropriate, of

— metric altimetry and conversion tables,

and

— QFE operating procedures.

8.3.4. Altitude alerting system procedures

8.3.5. Ground proximity warning system/terrain avoidance warning system. Procedures and instructions required for the
avoidance of controlled flight into terrain, including limitations on high rate of descent near the surface (the
related training requirements are covered in D.2.1).

8.3.6.

Policy and procedures for the use of TCAS/ACAS

8.3.7.

Policy and procedures for in-flight fuel management

8.3.8. Adverse and potentially hazardous atmospheric conditions. Procedures for operating in, and/or avoiding adverse

and potentially hazardous atmospheric conditions including:

(a) thunderstorms;

(b) icing conditions;

(c) turbulence;

(d) wind shear;

(e) jet stream;

(f) volcanic ash clouds;

(g) heavy precipitation;

(h) sand storms;

(i) mountain waves; and

(j) significant temperature inversions.

8.3.9. Wake turbulence. Wake turbulence separation criteria, taking into account aeroplane types, wind conditions and

runway location.

8.3.10. Crew members at their stations. The requirements for crew members to occupy their assigned stations or seats
during the different phases of flight or whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety and also include
procedures for controlled rest on the flight deck.

8.3.11. Use of safety belts for crew and passengers. The requirements for crew members and passengers to use safety
belts and/or harnesses during the different phases of flight or whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety.

8.3.12. Admission to flight deck. The conditions for the admission to the flight deck of persons other than the flight

crew. The policy regarding the admission of inspectors from the Authority must also be included.

8.3.13. Use of vacant crew seats. The conditions and procedures for the use of vacant crew seats.

8.3.14. Incapacitation of crew members. Procedures to be followed in the event of incapacitation of crew members in

flight. Examples of the types of incapacitation and the means for recognising them must be included.

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8.3.15. Cabin safety requirements. Procedures covering:

(a) cabin preparation for flight,
securing cabin and galleys;

in-flight requirements and preparation for landing including procedures for

(b) procedures to ensure that passengers are seated where, in the event that an emergency evacuation is required,

they may best assist and not hinder evacuation from the aeroplane;

(c) procedures to be followed during passenger embarkation and disembarkation; and

(d) procedures when refuelling/defuelling with passengers embarking, on board or disembarking.

(e) smoking on board.

8.3.16. Passenger briefing procedures. The contents, means and timing of passenger briefing in accordance with OPS

1.285.

8.3.17. Procedures for aeroplanes operated whenever required cosmic or solar radiation detection equipment is carried.
Procedures for the use of cosmic or solar radiation detection equipment and for recording its readings including
actions to be taken in the event that limit values specified in the operations manual are exceeded. In addition, the
procedures, including ATS procedures, to be followed in the event that a decision to descend or re-route is taken.

8.3.18 Policy on the use of autopilot and auto throttle.

8.4.

All-weather operations. A description of the operational procedures associated with all-weather operations (see
also OPS Subparts D and E).

8.5.

ETOPS. A description of the ETOPS operational procedures.

8.6.

Use of the minimum equipment and configuration deviation list(s).

8.7.

Non-revenue flights. Procedures and limitations for:

(a) training flights;

(b) test flights;

(c) delivery flights;

(d) ferry flights;

(e) demonstration flights; and

(f) positioning flights, including the kind of persons who may be carried on such flights.

8.8.

Oxygen requirements

8.8.1. An explanation of the conditions under which oxygen must be provided and used.

8.8.2. The oxygen requirements specified for:

(a) flight crew;

(b) cabin crew; and

(c) passengers.

9.

DANGEROUS GOODS AND WEAPONS

9.1.

Information, instructions and general guidance on the transport of dangerous goods including:

(a) operator's policy on the transport of dangerous goods;

(b) guidance on the requirements for acceptance,

labelling, handling, stowage and segregation of dangerous

goods;

(c) procedures for responding to emergency situations involving dangerous goods;

(d) duties of all personnel involved as per OPS 1.1215; and

(e) instructions on the carriage of the operator's employees.

9.2.

The conditions under which weapons, munitions of war and sporting weapons may be carried.

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10.

SECURITY

10.1.

Security instructions and guidance of a non-confidential nature which must include the authority and responsibil-
ities of operations personnel. Policies and procedures for handling and reporting crime on board such as unlawful
interference, sabotage, bomb threats, and hijacking must also be included.

10.2. A description of preventative security measures and training.

Note: Parts of the security instructions and guidance may be kept confidential.

11.

HANDLING, NOTIFYING AND REPORTING OCCURENCES

Procedures for the handling, notifying and reporting occurrences. This section must include:

(a) definitions of occurrences and of the relevant responsibilities of all persons involved;

(b) illustrations of forms used for reporting all types of occurrences (or copies of the forms themselves), instruc-
tions on how they are to be completed, the addresses to which they should be sent and the time allowed for
this to be done;

(c) in the event of an accident, descriptions of which company departments, Authorities and other organisations

that have to be notified, how this will be done and in what sequence;

(d) procedures for verbal notification to air traffic service units of incidents involving ACAS RAs, bird hazards,

dangerous goods and hazardous conditions;

(e) procedures for submitting written reports on air traffic incidents, ACAS RAs, bird strikes, dangerous goods

incidents or accidents, and unlawful interference;

(f) reporting procedures to ensure compliance with OPS 1.085(b) and 1.420. These procedures must include
internal safety related reporting procedures to be followed by crew members, designed to ensure that the
commander is informed immediately of any incident that has endangered, or may have endangered, safety
during flight and that he/she is provided with all relevant information.

12.

RULES OF THE AIR

Rules of the air including:

(a) visual and instrument flight rules;

(b) territorial application of the rules of the air;

(c) communication procedures including COM-failure procedures;

(d) information and instructions relating to the interception of civil aeroplanes;

(e) the circumstances in which a radio listening watch is to be maintained;

(f) signals;

(g) time system used in operation;

(h) ATC clearances, adherence to flight plan and position reports;

(i) visual signals used to warn an unauthorised aeroplane flying in or about to enter a restricted, prohibited or

danger area;

(j) procedures for pilots observing an accident or receiving a distress transmission;

(k) the ground/air visual codes for use by survivors, description and use of signal aids; and

(l) distress and urgency signals.

13.

LEASING

A description of the operational arrangements for leasing, associated procedures and management responsibil-
ities.

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B AEROPLANE OPERATING MATTERS — TYPE RELATED

Taking account of the differences between types, and variants of types, under the following headings:

0.

GENERAL INFORMATION AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

0.1. General information (e.g. aeroplane dimensions), including a description of the units of measurement used for the

operation of the aeroplane type concerned and conversion tables.

1.

LIMITATIONS

1.1. A description of the certified limitations and the applicable operational limitations including:

(a) certification status (e.g. CS–23, CS–25, ICAO Annex 16 (CS–36 and CS–34), etc.);

(b) passenger seating configuration for each aeroplane type including a pictorial presentation;

(c) types of operation that are approved (e.g. VFR/IFR, CAT II/III, RNP type, flight in known icing conditions etc);

(d) crew composition;

(e) mass and centre of gravity;

(f) speed limitations;

(g) flight envelope(s);

(h) wind limits including operations on contaminated runways;

(i) performance limitations for applicable configurations;

(j) runway slope;

(k) limitations on wet or contaminated runways;

(l) airframe contamination; and

(m) system limitations.

2.

NORMAL PROCEDURES

2.1.

The normal procedures and duties assigned to the crew, the appropriate check-lists, the system for use of the
check-lists and a statement covering the necessary coordination procedures between flight and cabin crew. The
following normal procedures and duties must be included:

(a) pre-flight;

(b) pre-departure;

(c) altimeter setting and checking;

(d) taxi, take-off and climb;

(e) noise abatement;

(f) cruise and descent;

(g) approach, landing preparation and briefing;

(h) VFR approach;

(i) instrument approach;

(j) visual approach and circling;

(k) missed approach;

(l) normal landing;

(m) post landing; and

(n) operation on wet and contaminated runways.

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3.

ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3.1.

The abnormal and emergency procedures and duties assigned to the crew, the appropriate check-lists, the system
for use of the check-lists and a statement covering the necessary coordination procedures between flight and cabin
crew. The following abnormal and emergency procedures and duties must be included:

(a) crew incapacitation;

(b) fire and smoke drills;

(c) unpressurised and partially pressurised flight;

(d) exceeding structural limits such as overweight landing;

(e) exceeding cosmic radiation limits;

(f) lightning strikes;

(g) distress communications and alerting ATC to emergencies;

(h) engine failure;

(i) system failures;

(j) guidance for diversion in case of serious technical failure;

(k) ground proximity warning;

(l) TCAS warning;

(m) wind shear; and

(n) emergency landing/ditching; and

(o) departure contingency procedures.

4.

PERFORMANCE

4.0.

Performance data must be provided in a form in which it can be used without difficulty.

4.1.

Performance data. Performance material which provides the necessary data for compliance with the performance
requirements prescribed in OPS 1 Subparts F, G, H and I must be included to allow the determination of:

(a) take-off climb limits — mass, altitude, temperature;

(b) take-off field length (dry, wet, contaminated);

(c) net flight path data for obstacle clearance calculation or, where applicable, take-off flight path;

(d) the gradient losses for banked climb outs;

(e) en-route climb limits;

(f) approach climb limits;

(g) landing climb limits;

(h) landing field length (dry, wet, contaminated) including the effects of an in-flight failure of a system or device, if

it affects the landing distance;

(i) brake energy limits; and

(j) speeds applicable for the various flight stages (also considering wet or contaminated runways).

4.1.1. Supplementary data covering flights in icing conditions. Any certificated performance related to an allowable

configuration, or configuration deviation, such as anti-skid inoperative, must be included.

4.1.2. If performance data, as required for the appropriate performance class, is not available in the approved AFM, then
other data acceptable to the Authority must be included. Alternatively, the operations manual may contain cross-
reference to the approved data contained in the AFM where such data is not likely to be used often or in an emer-
gency.

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4.2. Additional performance data. Additional performance data where applicable including:

(a) all engine climb gradients;

(b) drift-down data;

(c) effect of de-icing/anti-icing fluids;

(d) flight with landing gear down;

(e) for aeroplanes with three or more engines, one engine inoperative ferry flights; and

(f) flights conducted under the provisions of the CDL.

5.

FLIGHT PLANNING

5.1. Data and instructions necessary for pre-flight and in-flight planning including factors such as speed schedules and
power settings. Where applicable, procedures for engine(s)-out operations, ETOPS (particularly the one-engine-
inoperative cruise speed and maximum distance to an adequate aerodrome determined in accordance with OPS
1.245) and flights to isolated aerodromes must be included.

5.2.

The method for calculating fuel needed for the various stages of flight, in accordance with OPS 1.255.

6.

MASS AND BALANCE

Instructions and data for the calculation of the mass and balance including:

(a) calculation system (e.g. index system);

(b) information and instructions for completion of mass and balance documentation,

including manual and

computer generated types;

(c) limiting masses and centre of gravity for the types, variants or individual aeroplanes used by the operator; and

(d) dry operating mass and corresponding centre of gravity or index.

7.

LOADING

Procedures and provisions for loading and securing the load in the aeroplane.

8.

CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST

The configuration deviation list(s) (CDL), if provided by the manufacturer, taking account of the aeroplane types
and variants operated including procedures to be followed when an aeroplane is being despatched under the terms
of its CDL

9.

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST

The minimum equipment list (MEL) taking account of the aeroplane types and variants operated and the type(s)/
area(s) of operation. The MEL must include the navigational equipment and take into account the required perfor-
mance for the route and area of operation.

10.

SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT INCLUDING OXYGEN

10.1. A list of the survival equipment to be carried for the routes to be flown and the procedures for checking the servi-
ceability of this equipment prior to take-off. Instructions regarding the location, accessibility and use of survival
and emergency equipment and its associated check list(s) must also be included.

10.2. The procedure for determining the amount of oxygen required and the quantity that is available. The flight profile,
number of occupants and possible cabin decompression must be considered. The information provided must be in
a form in which it can be used without difficulty.

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11.

EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES

11.1.

Instructions for preparation for emergency evacuation including crew coordination and emergency station assign-
ment.

11.2. Emergency evacuation procedures. A description of the duties of all members of the crew for the rapid evacuation

of an aeroplane and the handling of the passengers in the event of a forced landing, ditching or other emergency.

12.

AEROPLANE SYSTEMS

A description of the aeroplane systems, related controls and indications and operating instructions.

C ROUTE AND AERODROME INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Instructions and information relating to communications, navigation and aerodromes including minimum flight levels
and altitudes for each route to be flown and operating minima for each aerodrome planned to be used, including:

(a) minimum flight level/altitude;

(b) operating minima for departure, destination and alternate aerodromes;

(c) communication facilities and navigation aids;

(d) runway data and aerodrome facilities;

(e) approach, missed approach and departure procedures including noise abatement procedures;

(f) COM-failure procedures;

(g) search and rescue facilities in the area over which the aeroplane is to be flown;

(h) a description of the aeronautical charts that must be carried on board in relation to the type of flight and the

route to be flown, including the method to check their validity;

(i) availability of aeronautical information and MET services;

(j) en-route COM/NAV procedures;

(k) aerodrome categorisation for flight crew competence qualification

(l) special aerodrome limitations (performance limitations and operating procedures).

D TRAINING

1.

Training syllabi and checking programmes for all operations personnel assigned to operational duties in connection
with the preparation and/or conduct of a flight.

2.

Training syllabi and checking programmes must include:

2.1. for flight crew. All relevant items prescribed in Subpart E and N;

2.2. for cabin crew. All relevant items prescribed in Subpart O;

2.3. for operations personnel concerned, including crew members:

(a) all relevant items prescribed in Subpart R (transport of dangerous goods by air); and

(b) all relevant items prescribed in Subpart S (security);

2.4. for operations personnel other than crew members (e.g. dispatcher, handling personnel etc.). All other relevant items

prescribed in OPS pertaining to their duties.

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3.

Procedures

3.1. Procedures for training and checking.

3.2. Procedures to be applied in the event that personnel do not achieve or maintain the required standards.

3.3. Procedures to ensure that abnormal or emergency situations requiring the application of part or all of abnormal or
emergency procedures and simulation of IMC by artificial means are not simulated during commercial air transporta-
tion flights.

4. Description of documentation to be stored and storage periods (See Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1065).

Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1065

Document storage periods

An operator shall ensure that the following information/documentation is stored in an acceptable form, accessible to the
Authority, for the periods shown in the tables below.

Note: Additional information relating to maintenance records is prescribed in Part-M.

Table 1

Information used for the preparation and execution of a flight

Information used for the preparation and execution of the flight as described in OPS 1.135

Operational flight plan

Aeroplane technical log

3 months

36 months after the date of the last entry, in accordance
with Part M M.A.306(c)

Route specific NOTAM/AIS briefing documentation if
edited by the operator

Mass and balance documentation

Notification of special loads including dangerous goods

Table 2

Reports

Reports

Journey log

Flight report(s) for recording details of any occurrence, as
prescribed in OPS 1.420, or any event which the
commander deems necessary to report/record

Reports on exceedances of duty and/or
periods

reducing rest

3 month

3 month

3 months

3 months

3 months

3 months

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Table 3

Flight crew records

Flight Crew Records

Flight, Duty and Rest time

15 months

Licence

As long as the flight crew member is exercising the privi-
leges of the licence for the operator

Conversion training and checking

Command course (including checking)

Recurrent training and checking

Training and checking to operate in either pilot's seat

3 years

3 years

3 years

3 years

Recent experience (OPS 1.970 refers)

15 months

Route and aerodrome competence (OPS1.975 refers)

Training and qualification for specific operations when
required by OPS (e.g. ETOPS CATII/III operations)

Dangerous goods training as appropriate

3 years

3 years

3 years

Table 4

Cabin crew records

Cabin Crew Records

Flight, Duty and Rest time

15 months

training,

Initial
(including checking)

conversion

and

differences

training

As long as the cabin crew member is employed by the
operator

Recurrent training and refresher (including checking)

Until 12 months after the cabin crew member has left the
employ of the operator

Dangerous Goods training as appropriate

3 years

Table 5

Records for other operations personnel

Records for other operations personnel

Training/qualification records of other personnel for whom
an approved training programme is required by OPS

Last 2 training records

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Table 6

Other records

Other Records

Records on cosmic and solar radiation dosage

Until 12 months after the crew member has left the
employ of the operator

Quality System records

5 years

Dangerous Goods Transport Document

3 months after completion of the flight

Dangerous Goods Acceptance Checklist

3 months after completion of the flight

SUBPART Q

FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS

OPS 1.1090

Objective and scope

1.

2.

An operator shall establish a flight and duty time limitations and rest scheme (FTL) for crew members.

An operator shall ensure that for all its flights:

2.1.

The flight and duty time limitations and rest scheme is in accordance with both:

(a) the provisions of this subpart; and

(b) any additional provisions that are applied by the Authority in accordance with the provisions of this subpart

for the purpose of maintaining safety.

2.2.

Flights are planned to be completed within the allowable flight duty period taking into account the time necessary
for pre-flight duties, the flight and turn-around times.

2.3. Duty rosters will be prepared and published sufficiently in advance to provide the opportunity for crew members

to plan adequate rest.

3.

Operators' responsibilities

3.1. An operator shall nominate a home base for each crew member.

3.2. Operators shall be expected to appreciate the relationship between the frequencies and pattern of flight duty
periods and rest periods and give due consideration to the cumulative effects of undertaking long duty hours inter-
spersed with minimum rest.

3.3. Operators shall allocate duty patterns which avoid such undesirable practices as alternating day/night duties or the

positioning of crew members so that a serious disruption of established sleep/work pattern occurs.

3.4. Operators shall plan local days free of duty and notify crew members in advance.

3.5. Operators shall ensure that rest periods provide sufficient time to enable crew to overcome the effects of the

previous duties and to be well rested by the start of the following flight duty period.

3.6. Operators shall ensure flight duty periods are planned to enable crew members to remain sufficiently free from

fatigue so they can operate to a satisfactory level of safety under all circumstances.

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4.

Crew members' responsibilities

4.1. A crew member shall not operate an aeroplane if he/she knows that he/she is suffering from or is likely to suffer

from fatigue or feels unfit, to the extent that the flight may be endangered.

4.2.

Crew members should make optimum use of the opportunities and facilities for rest provided and plan and use
their rest periods properly.

5.

Responsibilities of civil aviation authorities

5.1.

Variations

5.1.1. Subject to the provisions of Article 8, the Authority may grant variations to the requirements in this subpart in
accordance with applicable laws and procedures within the Member States concerned and in consultation with
interested parties.

5.1.2. Each operator will have to demonstrate to the Authority, using operational experience and taking into account
other relevant factors such as current scientific knowledge, that its request for a variation produces an equivalent
level of safety.

Such variations will be accompanied with suitable mitigation measures where appropriate.

OPS 1.1095

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

1.1. Augmented flight crew

A flight crew which comprises more than the minimum number required for the operation of the aeroplane and in
which each flight crew member can leave his/her post and be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight
crew member.

1.2. Block time

The time between an aeroplane first moving from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until it comes to
rest on the designated parking position and all engines or propellers are stopped.

1.3. Break

A period free of all duties, which counts as duty, being less than a rest period.

1.4. Duty

Any task that a crew member is required to carry out associated with the business of an AOC holder. Unless where
specific rules are provided for by this Regulation, the Authority shall define whether and to what extent standby is
to be accounted for as duty.

1.5. Duty period

A period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to commence a duty and ends when the
crew member is free from all duties.

1.6.

Flight duty period

A flight duty period (FDP) is any time during which a person operates in an aircraft as a member of its crew. The
FDP starts when the crew member is required by an operator to report for a flight or a series of flights; it finishes
at the end of the last flight on which he/she is an operating crew member.

1.7. Home base

The location nominated by the operator to the crew member from where the crew member normally starts and
ends a duty period or a series of duty periods and where, under normal conditions, the operator is not responsible
for the accommodation of the crew member concerned.

1.8.

Local day

A 24-hour period commencing at 00:00 local time.

1.9.

Local night

A period of eight hours falling between 22:00 hours and 08:00 hours local time.

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1.10. A single day free of duty

A single day free of duty shall include two local nights. A rest period may be included as part of the day off.

1.11. Operating crew member

A crew member who carries out his/her duties in an aircraft during a flight or during any part of a flight.

1.12 Positioning

The transferring of a non-operating crew member from place to place, at the behest of the operator, excluding
travelling time. Travelling time is defined as:

— time from home to a designated reporting place and vice versa;

— time for local transfer from a place of rest to the commencement of duty and vice versa.

1.13. Rest period

An uninterrupted and defined period of time during which a crew member is free from all duties and airport
standby.

1.14. Standby:

A defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an
assignment for a flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period.

1.15. Window of circadian low (WOCL):

The window of circadian low (WOCL) is the period between 02:00 hours and 05:59 hours. Within a band of three
time zones the WOCL refers to home base time. Beyond these three time zones the WOCL refers to home base
time for the first 48 hours after departure from home base time zone, and to local time thereafter.

OPS 1.1100

Flight and duty limitations

1.1. Cumulative duty hours

An operator shall ensure that the total duty periods to which a crew member is assigned do not exceed:

(a) 190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable throughout this period; and

(b) 60 duty hours in any seven consecutive days.

1.2. Limit on total block times

An operator shall ensure that the total block times of the flights on which an individual crew member is assigned as
an operating crew member does not exceed

(a) 900 block hours in a calendar year; or

(b) 100 block hours in any 28 consecutive days.

OPS 1.1105

Maximum daily flight duty period (FDP)

1.1. This OPS does not apply to single pilot operations and to emergency medical service operations.

1.2. An operator shall specify reporting times that realistically reflect the time for safety related ground duties as approved

by the Authority.

1.3. The maximum basic daily FDP is 13 hours.

1.4. These 13 hours will be reduced by 30 minutes for each sector from the third sector onwards with a maximum total

reduction of two hours.

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1.5. When the FDP starts in the WOCL, the maximum stated in point 1.3 and point 1.4 will be reduced by 100 % of its
encroachment up to a maximum of two hours. When the FDP ends in or fully encompasses the WOCL, the
maximum FDP stated in point 1.3 and point 1.4 will be reduced by 50 % of its encroachment.

2.

Extensions:

2.1. The maximum daily FDP can be extended by up to one hour.

2.2. Extensions are not allowed for a basic FDP of six sectors or more.

2.3. Where an FDP encroaches on the WOCL by up to two hours extensions are limited to up to four sectors.

2.4. Where an FDP encroaches on the WOCL by more than two hours extensions are limited to up to two sectors.

2.5. The maximum number of extensions is two in any seven consecutive days.

2.6. Where an FDP is planned to use an extension pre and post flight minimum rest is increased by two hours or post
flight rest only is increased by four hours. Where the extensions are used for consecutive FDPs the pre and post rest
between the two operations shall run consecutively.

2.7. When an FDP with extension starts in the period 22:00 to 04:59 hours the operator will limit the FDP to 11.45

hours.

3.

Cabin crew

3.1. For cabin crew being assigned to a flight or series of flights, the FDP of the cabin crew may be extended by the
difference in reporting time between cabin crew and flight crew, as long as the difference does not exceed one hour.

4. Operational robustness

4.1. Planned schedules must allow for flights to be completed within the maximum permitted flight duty period. To
assist in achieving this operators will take action to change a schedule or crewing arrangements at the latest where
the actual operation exceeds the maximum FDP on more than 33 % of the flights in that schedule during a scheduled
seasonal period.

5.

Positioning

5.1. All the time spent on positioning is counted as duty.

5.2. Positioning after reporting but prior to operating shall be included as part of the FDP but shall not count as a sector.

5.3. A positioning sector immediately following operating sector will be taken into account for the calculation of

minimum rest as defined in OPS 1.1110(1.1) and (1.2).

6.

Extended FDP (split duty)

6.1. The Authority may grant approval to an operation based on an extended FDP including a break, subject to the provi-

sions of Article 8.

6.2. Each operator will have to demonstrate to the Authority, using operational experience and taking into account other
relevant factors, such as current scientific knowledge, that its request for an extended FDP produces an equivalent
level of safety.

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OPS 1.1110

Rest

1.

Minimum rest

1.1.

The minimum rest which must be provided before undertaking a flight duty period starting at home base shall be
at least as long as the preceding duty period or 12 hours whichever is the greater;

1.2.

The minimum rest which must be provided before undertaking a flight duty period starting away from home base
shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period or 10 hours whichever is the greater; when on minimum rest
away from home base, the operator must allow for an eight-hour sleep opportunity taking due account of travel-
ling and other physiological needs;

1.3. An operator will ensure that effects on crew members of time zone differences will be compensated by additional

rest, as regulated by the Authority subject to the provisions of Article 8.

1.4.1. Notwithstanding (1.1) and (1.2) and subject to the provisions of Article 8, the Authority may grant reduced rest

arrangements.

1.4.2. Each operator will have to demonstrate to the Authority, using operational experience and taking into account
other relevant factors, such as current scientific knowledge, that its request for reduced rest arrangements produces
an equivalent level of safety.

2.

Rest periods

2.1. An operator shall ensure that the minimum rest provided as outlined above is increased periodically to a weekly
rest period, being a 36-hour period including two local nights, such that there shall never be more than 168 hours
between the end of one weekly rest period and the start of the next. As an exception to OPS 1.1095(1.9), the
Authority may decide that the second of those local nights may start from 20:00 hours if the weekly rest period
has a duration of at least 40 hours.

OPS 1.1115

Extension of flight duty period due to in-flight rest

1.

Subject to the provisions of Article 8 and providing each operator demonstrates to the Authority, using operational
experience and taking into account other relevant factors such as current scientific knowledge, that its request
produces an equivalent level of safety:

1.1. Flight crew augmentation

the Authority shall set the requirements in connection with the augmentation of a basic flight crew for the purpose
of extending the flight duty period beyond the limits in OPS 1.1105 above;

1.2. Cabin crew

the Authority shall set the requirements in connection with the minimum in-flight rest by cabin crew member(s)
when the FDP goes beyond the limitations in OPS 1.1105;

OPS 1.1120

Unforeseen circumstances in actual flight operations — commander's discretion

1.

Taking into account the need for careful control of these instances implied underneath, during the actual flight
operation, which starts at the reporting time, the limits on flight duty, duty and rest periods prescribed in this
subpart may be modified in the event of unforeseen circumstances. Any such modifications must be acceptable to
the commander after consultation with all other crew members and must, in all circumstances, comply with the
following:

1.1.

The maximum FDP referred to in OPS 1.1105(1.3) above may not be increased by more than two hours unless the
flight crew has been augmented, in which case the maximum flight duty period may be increased by not more
than three hours;

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1.1.2. If on the final sector within a FDP unforeseen circumstances occur after take off that will result in the permitted

increase being exceeded, the flight may continue to the planned destination or alternate;

1.1.3. In the event of such circumstances, the rest period following the FDP may be reduced but never below the

minimum rest defined in OPS 1.1110(1.2) of this subpart;

1.2.

The Commander shall, in case of special circumstances, which could lead to severe fatigue, and after consultation
with the crew members affected, reduce the actual flight duty time and/or increase the rest time in order to elimi-
nate any detrimental effect on flight safety;

1.3. An operator shall ensure that:

1.3.1. The Commander submits a report to the operator whenever a FDP is increased by his/her discretion or when a rest

period is reduced in actual operation and

1.3.2. Where the increase of a FDP or reduction of a rest period exceeds one hour, a copy of the report, to which the

operator must add his comments, is sent to the Authority no later than 28 days after the event.

OPS 1.1125

Standby

1.

Airport standby

1.1. A crew member is on airport standby from reporting at the normal report point until the end of the notified

standby period.

1.2. Airport standby will count in full for the purposes of cumulative duty hours.

1.3. Where airport standby is immediately followed by a flight duty, the relationship between such airport standby and
the assigned flight duty shall be defined by the Authority. In such a case, airport standby shall be added to the
duty period referred to in OPS 1.1110 under points 1.1 and 1.2 for the purposes of calculating minimum rest.

1.4. Where the airport standby does not lead to assignment on a flight duty, it shall be followed at least by a rest

period as regulated by the Authority.

1.5. While on airport standby the operator will provide to the crew member a quiet and comfortable place not open to

the public.

2.

Other forms of standby (including standby at hotel)

2.1.

Subject to the provisions of Article 8, all other forms of standby shall be regulated by the Authority, taking into
account the following:

2.1.1. All activity shall be rostered and/or notified in advance.

2.1.2. The start and end time of the standby shall be defined and notified in advance.

2.1.3. The maximum length of any standby at a place other than a specified reporting point shall be determined.

2.1.4. Taking into account facilities available for the crew member to rest and other relevant factors, the relationship

between the standby and any assigned flight duty resulting from the standby shall be defined.

2.1.5. The counting of standby times for the purposes of cumulative duty hours shall be defined.

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OPS 1.1130

Nutrition

A meal and drink opportunity must occur in order to avoid any detriment to a crew member's performance, especially
when the FDP exceeds six hours.

OPS 1.1135

Flight duty, duty and rest period records

1. An operator shall ensure that crew member's records include:

(a) block times;

(b) start, duration and end of each duty or flight duty periods;

(c) rest periods and days free of all duties;

and are maintained to ensure compliance with the requirements of this subpart; copies of these records will be made
available to the crew member upon request.

2. If the records held by the operator under paragraph 1 do not cover all of his/her flight duty, duty and rest periods, the

crew member concerned shall maintain an individual record of his/her

(a) block times;

(b) start, duration and end of each duty or flight duty periods; and

(c) rest periods and days free of all duties.

3. A crew member shall present his/her records on request to any operator who employs his/her services before he/she

commences a flight duty period.

4. Records shall be preserved for at least 15 calendar months from the date of the last relevant entry or longer if required

in accordance with national laws.

5. Additionally, operators shall separately retain all aircraft commander's discretion reports of extended flight duty

periods, extended flight hours and reduced rest periods for at least six months after the event.

SUBPART R

TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR

OPS 1.1150

Terminology

(a) Terms used in this subpart have the following meanings:

(1) Acceptance check list. A document used to assist in carrying out a check on the external appearance of packages
of dangerous goods and their associated documents to determine that all appropriate requirements have been
met;

(2) Cargo aircraft. Any aircraft which is carrying goods or property but not passengers. In this context the following

are not considered to be passengers:

(i) a crew member;

(ii) an operator's employee permitted by, and carried in accordance with, the instructions contained in the

operations manual;

(iii) an authorised representative of an Authority; or

(iv) a person with duties in respect of a particular shipment on board.

(3) Dangerous goods accident. An occurrence associated with and related to the transport of dangerous goods which

results in fatal or serious injury to a person or major property damage;

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(4) Dangerous goods incident. An occurrence, other than a dangerous goods accident, associated with and related to
the transport of dangerous goods, not necessarily occurring on board an aircraft, which results in injury to a
person, property damage, fire, breakage, spillage, leakage of fluid or radiation or other evidence that the integrity
of the packaging has not been maintained. Any occurrence relating to the transport of dangerous goods which
seriously jeopardises the aircraft or its occupants is also deemed to constitute a dangerous goods incident;

(5) Dangerous goods transport document. A document which is specified by the technical

It is
completed by the person who offers dangerous goods for air transport and contains information about those
dangerous goods. The document bears a signed declaration indicating that the dangerous goods are fully and
accurately described by their proper shipping names and UN/ID numbers and that they are correctly classified,
packed, marked, labelled and in a proper condition for transport;

instructions.

(6) Freight container. A freight container is an article of transport equipment for radioactive materials, designed to
facilitate the transport of such materials, either packaged or unpackaged, by one or more modes of transport.
(Note: See unit load device where the dangerous goods are not radioactive materials);

(7) Handling agent. An agency which performs on behalf of the operator some or all of the latter's functions

including receiving, loading, unloading, transferring or other processing of passengers or cargo;

(8) ID number. A temporary identification number for an item of dangerous goods which has not been assigned a

UN number;

(9) Overpack. An enclosure used by a single shipper to contain one or more packages and to form one handling

unit for convenience of handling and stowage. (Note: a unit load device is not included in this definition);

(10) Package. The complete product of the packing operation consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared

for transport;

(11) Packaging. Receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its

containment function and to ensure compliance with the packing requirements;

(12) Proper shipping name. The name to be used to describe a particular article or substance in all shipping docu-

ments and notifications and, where appropriate, on packagings;

(13) Serious injury. An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which:

(i) requires hospitalisation for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the date the injury

was received; or

(ii) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or

(iii) involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or

(iv) involves injury to any internal organ; or

(v) involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 % of the body surface; or

(vi) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation;

(14) State of origin. The Authority in whose territory the dangerous goods were first loaded on an aircraft;

(15) Technical

instructions. The latest effective edition of

Instructions for the Safe Transport of
Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284–AN/905), including the Supplement and any Addendum, approved and
published by decision of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation;

the Technical

(16) UN number. The four-digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of

Dangerous Goods to identify a substance or a particular group of substances;

(17) Unit load device. Any type of aircraft container, aircraft pallet with a net, or aircraft pallet with a net over an
igloo. (Note: an overpack is not included in this definition; for a container containing radioactive materials see
the definition for freight container).

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OPS 1.1155

Approval to transport dangerous goods

An operator shall not transport dangerous goods unless approved to do so by the Authority.

OPS 1.1160

Scope

(a) An operator shall comply with the provisions contained in the technical instructions on all occasions when dangerous
goods are carried, irrespective of whether the flight is wholly or partly within or wholly outside the territory of a
State.

(b) Articles and substances which would otherwise be classed as dangerous goods are excluded from the provisions of

this subpart, to the extent specified in the technical instructions, provided:

(1) they are required to be aboard the aeroplane in accordance with the relevant applicable rules or for operating

reasons;

(2) they are carried as catering or cabin service supplies;

(3) they are carried for use in flight as veterinary aid or as a humane killer for an animal;

(4) they are carried for use in flight for medical aid for a patient, provided that:

(i) gas cylinders have been manufactured specifically for the purpose of containing and transporting that particu-

lar gas;

(ii) drugs, medicines and other medical matter are under the control of trained personnel during the time when

they are in use in the aeroplane;

(iii) equipment containing wet cell batteries is kept and, when necessary secured,

in an upright position to

prevent spillage of the electrolyte; and

(iv) proper provision is made to stow and secure all the equipment during take-off and landing and at all other

times when deemed necessary by the commander in the interests of safety; or

(5) they are carried by passengers or crew members.

(c) Articles and substances intended as replacements for those in (b)(1) and (b)(2) shall be transported on an aeroplane as

specified in the technical instructions.

OPS 1.1165

Limitations on the transport of dangerous goods

(a) An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that articles and substances that are specifically identified by
name or generic description in the technical instructions as being forbidden for transport under any circumstances are
not carried on any aeroplane.

(b) An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that articles and substances or other goods that are identified
in the technical instructions as being forbidden for transport in normal circumstances are only transported when:

(1) they are exempted by the States concerned under the provisions of the technical instructions; or

(2) the technical instructions indicate they may be transported under an approval issued by the state of origin.

OPS 1.1170

Classification

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that articles and substances are classified as dangerous goods as
specified in the technical instructions.

OPS 1.1175

Packing

An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that dangerous goods are packed as specified in the technical
instructions.

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OPS 1.1180

Labelling and marking

(a) An operator shall take all reasonable measures to ensure that packages, overpacks and freight containers are labelled

and marked as specified in the technical instructions.

(b) Where dangerous goods are carried on a flight which takes place wholly or partly outside the territory of a State,

labelling and marking must be in the English language in addition to any other language requirements.

OPS 1.1185

Dangerous goods transport document

(a) An operator shall ensure that, except when otherwise specified in the technical instructions, dangerous goods are

accompanied by a dangerous goods transport document.

(b) Where dangerous goods are carried on a flight which takes place wholly or partly outside the territory of a State, the
English language must be used for the dangerous goods transport document in addition to any other language require-
ments.

OPS 1.1195

Acceptance of dangerous goods

(a) An operator shall not accept dangerous goods for transport until the package, overpack or freight container has been

inspected in accordance with the acceptance procedures in the technical instructions.

(b) An operator or his handling agent shall use an acceptance check list. The acceptance check list shall allow for all rele-
vant details to be checked and shall be in such form as will allow for the recording of the results of the acceptance
check by manual, mechanical or computerised means.

OPS 1.1200

Inspection for damage, leakage or contamination

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) packages, overpacks and freight containers are inspected for evidence of leakage or damage immediately prior to

loading on an aeroplane or into a unit load device, as specified in the technical instructions;

(2) a unit load device is not loaded on an aeroplane unless it has been inspected as required by the technical instruc-
tions and found free from any evidence of leakage from, or damage to, the dangerous goods contained therein;

(3) leaking or damaged packages, overpacks or freight containers are not loaded on an aeroplane;

(4) any package of dangerous goods found on an aeroplane and which appears to be damaged or leaking is removed
or arrangements made for its removal by an appropriate authority or organisation. In this case the remainder of
the consignment shall be inspected to ensure it is in a proper condition for transport and that no damage or
contamination has occurred to the aeroplane or its load; and

(5) packages, overpacks and freight containers are inspected for signs of damage or leakage upon unloading from an
aeroplane or from a unit load device and, if there is evidence of damage or leakage, the area where the dangerous
goods were stowed is inspected for damage or contamination.

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OPS 1.1205

Removal of contamination

(a) An operator shall ensure that:

(1) any contamination found as a result of the leakage or damage of dangerous goods is removed without delay; and

(2) an aeroplane which has been contaminated by radioactive materials is immediately taken out of service and not
returned until the radiation level at any accessible surface and the non-fixed contamination are not more than the
values specified in the technical instructions.

OPS 1.1210

Loading restrictions

(a) Passenger cabin and flight deck. An operator shall ensure that dangerous goods are not carried in an aeroplane cabin

occupied by passengers or on the flight deck, unless otherwise specified in the technical instructions.

(b) Cargo compartments. An operator shall ensure that dangerous goods are loaded, segregated, stowed and secured on

an aeroplane as specified in the technical instructions.

(c) Dangerous goods designated for carriage only on cargo aircraft. An operator shall ensure that packages of dangerous
goods bearing the “Cargo aircraft only” label are carried on a cargo aircraft and loaded as specified in the technical
instructions.

OPS 1.1215

Provision of information

(a)

Information to ground staff. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) information is provided to enable ground staff to carry out their duties with regard to the transport of dangerous
goods, including the actions to be taken in the event of incidents and accidents involving dangerous goods; and

(2) where applicable, the information referred to in subparagraph (a)(1) is also provided to his handling agent.

(b) Information to passengers and other persons

(1) An operator shall ensure that information is promulgated as required by the technical instructions so that passen-
gers are warned as to the types of goods which they are forbidden from transporting aboard an aeroplane; and

(2) an operator and, where applicable, his handling agent shall ensure that notices are provided at acceptance points

for cargo giving information about the transport of dangerous goods.

(c)

Information to crew members. An operator shall ensure that information is provided in the operations manual to
enable crew members to carry out their responsibilities in regard to the transport of dangerous goods, including the
actions to be taken in the event of emergencies arising involving dangerous goods.

(d) Information to the commander. An operator shall ensure that the commander is provided with written information,
as specified in the technical instructions. (See Table 1 of Appendix 1 to OPS 1.1065 for the document storage
period).

(e)

Information in the event of an aeroplane incident or accident

(1) The operator of an aeroplane which is involved in an aeroplane incident shall, on request, provide any information

required to minimise the hazards created by any dangerous goods carried.

(2) The operator of an aeroplane which is involved in an aeroplane accident shall, as soon as possible, inform the
appropriate authority of the State in which the aeroplane accident occurred of any dangerous goods carried.

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OPS 1.1220

Training programmes

(a) An operator shall establish and maintain staff training programmes, as required by the technical instructions, which

shall be approved by the Authority.

(b) Operators not holding a permanent approval to carry dangerous goods. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) staff who are engaged in general cargo and baggage handling have received training to carry out their duties in
respect of dangerous goods. As a minimum this training must cover the areas identified in Column 1 of Table 1
and be to a depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is gained of the hazards associated with dangerous goods,
how to identify them and what requirements apply to the carriage of such goods by passengers; and

(2) the following personnel:

(i) crew members;

(ii) passenger handling staff; and

(iii) security staff employed by the operator who deal with the screening of passengers and their baggage,

have received training which, as a minimum, must cover the areas identified in Column 2 of Table 1 and be to a
depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is gained of the hazards associated with dangerous goods, how to
identify them and what requirements apply to the carriage of such goods by passengers.

Table 1

Areas of training

General philosophy

Limitations on Dangerous Goods in air transport

Package marking and labelling

Dangerous Goods in passengers baggage

Emergency procedures

Note: “X” indicates an area to be covered.

1

X

X

X

X

2

X

X

X

X

X

(c) Operators holding a permanent approval to carry dangerous goods. An operator shall ensure that:

(1) staff who are engaged in the acceptance of dangerous goods have received training and are qualified to carry out
their duties. As a minimum this training must cover the areas identified in Column 1 of Table 2 and be to a
depth sufficient to ensure the staff can take decisions on the acceptance or refusal of dangerous goods offered for
carriage by air; and

(2) staff who are engaged in ground handling, storage and loading of dangerous goods have received training to
enable them to carry out their duties in respect of dangerous goods. As a minimum this training must cover the
areas identified in Column 2 of Table 2 and be to a depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is gained of the
hazards associated with dangerous goods, how to identify such goods and how to handle and load them;

(3) staff who are engaged in general cargo and baggage handling have received training to enable them to carry out
their duties in respect of dangerous goods. As a minimum this training must cover the areas identified in Column
3 of Table 2 and be to a depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is gained of the hazards associated with
dangerous goods, how to identify such goods, how to handle and load them and what requirements apply to the
carriage of such goods by passengers;

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(4) flight crew members have received training which, as a minimum, must cover the areas identified in Column 4 of
Table 2. Training must be to a depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is gained of the hazards associated
with dangerous goods and how they should be carried on an aeroplane; and

(5) the following personnel:

(i) passenger handling staff;

(ii) security staff employed by the operator who deal with the screening of passengers and their baggage; and

(iii) crew members other than flight crew members, have received training which, as a minimum, must cover the
areas identified in Column 5 of Table 2. Training must be to a depth sufficient to ensure that an awareness is
gained of the hazards associated with dangerous goods and what requirements apply to the carriage of such
goods by passengers or, more generally, their carriage on an aeroplane.

(d) An operator shall ensure that all staff who receive training undertake a test to verify understanding of their responsi-

bilities.

(e) An operator shall ensure that all staff who require dangerous goods training receive recurrent training at intervals of

not longer than two years.

(f) An operator shall ensure that records of dangerous goods training are maintained for all staff trained in accordance

with subparagraph (d) and as required by the technical instructions.

(g) An operator shall ensure that his handling agent's staff are trained in accordance with the applicable column of Table

1 or Table 2.

Table 2

Areas of training

General philosophy

Limitations on Dangerous Goods in air transport

Classification of dangerous goods

List of dangerous goods

General packing requirements and Packing instructions

Packaging specifications and markings

Package marking and labelling

Documentation from the shipper

Acceptance of Dangerous Goods, including the use of a checklist

Storage and loading procedures

Inspections for damage or leakage and decontamination proce-
dures

Provision of information to commander

Dangerous Goods in passengers' baggage

Emergency procedures

Note: “x” indicates an area to be covered.

1

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

2

X

X

X

3

X

5

X

X

4

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

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OPS 1.1225

Dangerous goods incident and accident reports

(a) An operator shall report dangerous goods incidents and accidents to the Authority. An initial report shall be

despatched within 72 hours of the event unless exceptional circumstances prevent this.

(b) An operator shall also report to the Authority undeclared or misdeclared dangerous goods discovered in cargo or
passengers' baggage. An initial report shall be despatched within 72 hours of the discovery unless exceptional circum-
stances prevent this.

SUBPART S

SECURITY

OPS 1.1235

Security requirements

An operator shall ensure that all appropriate personnel are familiar, and comply, with the relevant requirements of the
national security programmes of the State of the operator.

OPS 1.1240

Training programmes

An operator shall establish, maintain and conduct approved training programs which enable the operator's crew members
to take appropriate action to prevent acts of unlawful interference such as sabotage or unlawful seizure of aeroplanes and
to minimize the consequences of such events should they occur. The training programme shall be compatible with the
National Aviation Security programme. Individual crew member shall have knowledge and competence of all relevant
elements of the training programme.

OPS 1.1245

Reporting acts of unlawful interference

Following an act of unlawful interference on board an aeroplane the commander or, in his/her absence the operator, shall
submit, without delay, a report of such an act to the designated local authority and the Authority in the State of the
operator.

OPS1.1250

Aeroplane search procedure checklist

An operator shall ensure that there is on board a checklist of the procedures to be followed in search of a bomb or impro-
vised explosive device (IED) in case of suspected sabotage and for inspecting aeroplanes for concealed weapons, explosives
or other dangerous devices where a well founded suspicion exists that the aeroplane may be the object of an act of
unlawful interference. The checklist shall be supported by guidance on the appropriate course of action to be taken
should a bomb or suspicious object be found and information on the least-risk bomb location specific to the aeroplane
where provided by the type certificate holder.

OPS 1.1255

Flight crew compartment security

(a)

In all aeroplanes which are equipped with a flight crew compartment door, this door shall be capable of being locked,
and means or procedures acceptable to the Authority shall be provided or established by which the cabin crew can
notify the flight crew in the event of suspicious activity or security breaches in the cabin.

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(b) All passenger-carrying aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 45 500 kg or with a
maximum approved passenger seating configuration greater than 60 shall be equipped with an approved flight crew
compartment door that is capable of being locked and unlocked from each pilot's station and designed to meet the
applicable retroactive airworthiness operational requirements. The design of this door shall not hinder emergency
operations, as required in applicable retroactive airworthiness operational requirements.

(c)

In all aeroplanes which are equipped with a flight crew compartment door in accordance with subparagraph (b):

(1) this door shall be closed prior to engine start for take-off and will be locked when required by security procedure
or the commander, until engine shut down after landing, except when deemed necessary for authorised persons
to access or egress in compliance with a national aviation security programme;

(2) means shall be provided for monitoring from either pilot's station the area outside the flight crew compartment
to the extent necessary to identify persons requesting entry to the flight crew compartment and to detect suspi-
cious behaviour or potential threat.’