Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning conclusion of the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the European Community on the coordination of energy-efficiency labelling programmes for office equipment
Date: 2006-10-05
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: United States, agreement (EU), computer, eco-label, labelling, office supplies, ratification of an agreement, technical regulations

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 5.10.2006 
COM(2006) 581 final 

2006/0186 (ACC) 

Proposal for a 

COUNCIL DECISION 

concerning conclusion of the Agreement between the Government of the United States of 
America and the European Community on the coordination of energy-efficiency 
labelling programmes for office equipment  

(presented by the Commission) 

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1. 

2. 

3. 

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 

This EC/US Agreement contains provisions to coordinate energy-efficiency labelling 
programmes for office equipment (computers, monitors, printers, copiers, faxes, etc.) 
with a view to fostering their energy efficiency without creating barriers to trade. 

This  new  Agreement  builds  upon  the  experience  gained  during  the  first  period  of 
implementation  of  a  common  voluntary  energy  labelling  programme  for  office 
equipment  -  the  Energy  Star  programme  –  based  on  the  first  EC/US  Agreement 
signed in 20001. 

The  detailed  reasons  for  concluding  a  new  Agreement  continuing  the  Energy  Star 
programme for a second period of five years, on the basis of the Agreement attached 
in the Annex, are set out in the Recommendation from the Commission to the Council 
to  open  negotiations  on 
the 
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on 
the first period of implementation of the Energy Star programme in the Community3. 
The main points are summarised below:  

the  second  Energy  Star  Agreement2  and 

in 

•  Efficient use of energy is one of the main pillars for a sustainable energy policy in 
the  EC.  The  Commission’s  Green  Paper  on  energy  efficiency4  identifies  the 
following  major  benefits 
the 
competitiveness  of  the  European  economy  due  to  lower  spending  on  energy, 
environmental protection due to a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions caused by 
energy  use,  security  of  energy  supply  due  to  a  reduction  of  energy  demand  and, 
hence, reduction of dependence on energy imports. 

from  efficient  use  of  energy:  securing 

•  Office equipment takes a significant share of electricity consumption in the EC. If 
no  measures  are  taken,  consumption  could  increase  as  functionality  is  enhanced 
and the stock in offices and households increases. In order to meet the targets set 
in  the  Green  Paper  on  energy  efficiency,  the  energy  performance  of  office 
equipment must be further optimised. 

•  The  EC  Energy  Star  programme  provides  a  framework  for  coordinating  the 
national  efforts  of  the  EC  Member  States  to  improve  the  energy  efficiency  of 
office  equipment.  A  coordinated  approach  is  necessary  in  order  to  minimise  the 
adverse  impact  on  industry  and  trade,  since  uncoordinated  national  requirements 
would  impose  additional  costs  on  manufacturers,  traders  and,  consequently, 
purchasers and users of office equipment. 

•  Since  office  equipment  is  traded  worldwide  measures  to  optimise  its  energy 
efficiency  should  be  implemented  together  with  global  partners  and  decision- 
makers.  A  harmonised  approach  reduces  programme  implementation  costs  and 
avoids  confusion  for  consumers.  The  Energy  Star  programme  provides  a 
framework  for  coordinating  actions  to  improve  the  energy  efficiency  of  office 
equipment  with  the  USA,  Japan  and  other  key  market  players.  The  Energy  Star 

1 
2 
3 
4 

OJ L 172; 26.6.2001, p. 3 
SEC(2006)381 final 
COM(2006)140 final 
COM(2005)265 final 

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programme  owned  by  the  US  Environmental  Protection  Agency  (US  EPA)  and 
managed by the European Commission for the EC and for the EEA is therefore the 
natural platform for measures aiming at improving the energy efficiency of office 
equipment through labelling. 

•  The  voluntary  Energy  Star  programme  is  widely  accepted  by  manufacturers. 
Furthermore,  in  the  U.S.A.  it  is  important  for  public  procurement  since  the 
technical  specifications  have  to  be  observed  in  public  procurement  procedures. 
This  provides  an  incentive  for  manufacturers  to  put  on  the  market  products 
complying  with  the  programme’s  requirements.  As  a  consequence,  the  market  is 
driven  towards  energy-efficient  products  and  significant  energy  savings  could  be 
achieved, provided the technical specifications are demanding (e.g. cover 25% of 
the models) at the time the criteria are set. The Commission believes that the input 
of EC experts is an important contribution to developing consistent and demanding 
technical specifications. 

•  The  Commission  and  the  EC  Energy  Star  Board  consider  that  the  Energy  Star 
programme has contributed to improving the energy efficiency of office equipment 
sold  in  the  Community.  This  assessment  is  qualitative  because  the  amount  of 
energy saved in the Community due to implementation of the programme during 
the period 2001-2006 cannot be quantified. On the other hand, significant potential 
to improve the energy performance of office equipment in a cost-effective manner 
still exists. However, the fast pace of innovation and product development cycles 
require  highly  flexible  instruments,  such  as  voluntary  labelling  schemes,  which 
can  be  adapted  more  swiftly  to  technological  progress  and  developments  on  the 
market. 

•  The  programme  enhances 

transparency  on 

the  office  equipment  market, 
particularly  regarding  the  energy  performance  of  office  equipment.  This  is  a 
prerequisite  for activities aiming at motivating consumers,  the tertiary sector and 
public  procurement  authorities  to  include  energy  efficiency  and  the  total  cost  of 
ownership,  including  the  electricity  bill,  in  their  purchasing  decisions.  In 
particular, the Energy Star database managed by the Commission may be used by 
national,  regional  and  local  authorities  as  a  basis  for  activities  to  promote 
particularly energy-efficient office equipment. 

4. 

5. 

As  required  by  the  negotiating  directives  issued  by  the  Council  to  the  Commission, 
Article  I(4)  of  the  new  Agreement  contains  the  requirement  that  the  common 
technical specifications (the efficiency criteria to be met to qualify for the Energy Star 
label)  must  be  demanding.  This  is  a  prerequisite  in  order  to  foster  the  energy 
efficiency of office equipment effectively. 

Annex  C  to  the  new  Agreement  contains  demanding  and  innovative  common 
technical  specifications  for  computer  monitors  and  imaging  equipment  (copiers, 
printers,  faxes  etc.),  covering  both  standby  and  on-mode  energy  consumption. 
Estimates  suggest  that  the  new  common  technical  specifications  for  imaging 
equipment  will  save  about  17  TWh  in  EU-255  during  the  next  three  years.  New 
common technical specifications for computers are being developed and are foreseen 

5 

See www.eu-energystar.org for details of the calculation 

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to come into force in 2007. They can be added to the Agreement by mutual agreement 
between the Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency, acting as the 
management entities for the programme. 

During  the  consultations  on  the  rationale  for  renewing  the  Energy  Star  Agreement, 
the  EC  Energy  Star  Board  (a  consultative  forum  made  up  of  the  Member  States, 
industry  and  environmental  and  consumer  NGOs)  requested  that  the  Energy  Star 
programme should be implemented more efficiently in the EC if the Agreement were 
renewed.  Given  that  the  EC  Energy  Star  Board  is  consulted  on  all  aspects  of  the 
Energy  Star  programme  and  given  the  voluntary  nature  of  the  scheme,  the 
Commission  considers  that  there  is  no  need  to  consult  the  Council’s  133  “special 
committee” on issues related to amending the technical Annexes to the Agreement; it 
would lead to unnecessary delays in the procedure, slowing down the introduction of 
new technical criteria and, hence, impairing the effectiveness of the programme.  

In line with the negotiating directives issued by the Council to the Commission, the 
proposal is that Annexes A (layout of the Energy Star logo) and B (guidelines for use 
of the logo) may be changed by the management entities pursuant to Article IX of the 
new Agreement in order to facilitate adaptation to marketing requirements.  

The European Parliament was informed  of  the  negotiations  on  the  new  Energy  Star 
Agreement  at  the  meeting  of  the  Industry,  Research  and  Energy  Committee  on 
30 May 2006. 

A  proposal  for  a  European  Parliament  and  Council  Regulation  implementing  the 
Energy Star Agreement within the Community is being submitted in parallel to this 
draft Decision. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

This Agreement has no financial impact on the budget of the European Communities. 

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2006/0186 (ACC) 

Proposal for a 

COUNCIL DECISION 

concerning conclusion of the Agreement between the Government of the United States of 
America and the European Community on the coordination of energy-efficiency 
labelling programmes for office equipment  

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article 133,  in  conjunction  with  Article  300(2),  first  subparagraph,  first  sentence,  and 
Article 300(4) thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 

Whereas: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

The  Council  Decision  authorising  the  Commission  to  open  negotiations  for  an 
Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the European 
Community on  the  coordination of  energy-efficiency labelling programmes  for  office 
equipment was adopted on 5 May 20066. 

The negotiations have been concluded and the Agreement between the Government of 
the  United  States  of  America  and  the  European  Community  on  the  coordination  of 
energy-efficiency labelling programmes for office equipment (hereinafter referred to as 
“the Agreement”) was initialled by both Parties on 7 June 2006. 

The appropriate internal Community procedures should be established to ensure proper 
operation of the Agreement. 

The  market  for  office  equipment  is  evolving  rapidly.  It  is  essential  to  reassess 
frequently the potential for maximising energy savings and environmental benefits by 
stimulating  the  supply  of  and  demand  for  energy-efficient  products.  It  is  therefore 
necessary to empower the Commission, assisted by a Community advisory board made 
up of national representatives and of all interested parties, to reassess and upgrade the 
Common  Specifications  for  office  equipment  set  out  in  Annex  C  to  the  Agreement 
regularly  and  to  take  certain  decisions  for  implementation  of  the  Agreement,  such  as 
the layout of the Energy Star logo and the guidelines for use of the logo contained in 
Annexes A and B respectively.  

(5) 

Implementation  of  the  Agreement  should  be  reviewed  by  the  Technical  Commission 
established by the Agreement. 

6 

CS/2006/8381-1 of 12 April 2006 

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(6) 

Each party to the Agreement should designate a management entity and the procedure 
for amending the Agreement should be defined. 

(7) 

The Agreement should be approved, 

HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: 

Article 1 

The Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the  European 
Community  on  the  coordination  of  energy-efficiency  labelling  programmes  for  office 
equipment, including its Annexes, is hereby approved on behalf of the Community. 

The text of the Agreement and the Annexes thereto are attached to this Decision. 

The President of the Council is hereby authorised to designate the person empowered to sign 
the Agreement in order to express the consent of the Community to be bound thereby. 

Article 2 

The  President  of  the  Council  shall,  on  behalf  of  the  Community,  give  the  notification  in 
writing provided for in Article XIV(1) of the Agreement. 

Article 3 

Article 4 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

The  Commission  shall  represent  the  Community  in  the  Technical  Commission 
provided  for  in  Article  VII  of  the  Agreement,  after  having  heard  the  views  of  the 
members of the European Community Energy Star Board established by Regulation 
(EC) No 2422/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council. After consulting 
the  European  Community  Energy  Star  Board,  the  Commission  shall  carry  out  the 
tasks referred to in Articles VI(5), VII(1) and (2), and IX(4), of the Agreement. 

With a view to preparing the position of the Community with regard to amendments 
to the list of office  equipment in Annex  C to  the Agreement, the  Commission shall 
take into account any opinion given by the European Community Energy Star Board. 

The  position  of  the  Community  with  regard  to  decisions  to  be  taken  by  the 
management  entities  shall  be  determined,  with  regard  to  amendments  of  Annex  A 
(Energy  Star  name  and  common  logo),  Annex  B  (Guidelines  for  proper  use  of  the 
Energy Star name and common logo), and Annex C (Common Specifications) to the 
Agreement,  by  the  Commission,  after  consultation  of  the  European  Community 
Energy Star Board. 

In all other cases, the position of the Community with regard to decisions to be taken 
by  the  Parties  to  the  Agreement  shall  be  determined  by  the  Council,  acting  on  a 
proposal from the Commission in accordance with Article 300 of the Treaty. 

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Article 5 

This Decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union. 

Done at Brussels,  

For the Council 
The President 

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. 

ANNEX 

Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the European 
Community on the coordination of energy-efficiency labelling programs for office 
equipment 

The Government of the United States of America and the European Community, hereinafter 
“the Parties”; 

Desiring to maximize energy savings and environmental benefits by stimulating the supply of 
and demand for energy-efficient products; 

Taking into account the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America 
and  the  European  Community  on  the  Coordination  of  Energy-Efficient  Labelling  Programs 
for Office Equipment, done on December 19, 2000, and its annexes, as amended (hereinafter 
“the 2000 Agreement”); 

Satisfied by the progress made under the 2000 Agreement; 

Convinced that additional benefits will be achieved by continuing mutual efforts on ENERGY 
STAR; 

Have agreed as follows: 

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Article I 
General Principles 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

A common set of energy-efficiency specifications and a common logo shall be used 
by  the  Parties  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  consistent  targets  for  manufacturers, 
thereby maximizing the effect of their individual efforts on the supply of and demand 
for such product types. 

The  Parties  shall  use  the  Common  Logo  for  the  purpose  of  identifying  qualified 
energy-efficient product types listed in Annex C. 

that  common  specifications  encourage  continuing 
The  Parties  shall  ensure 
improvement in efficiency, taking into account the most advanced technical practices 
on the market. 

The Common Specifications strive to represent not more than 25 percent of models 
for  which  data  is  available  at  the  time  the  specifications  are  set  while  also  taking 
other factors into consideration. 

The Parties shall endeavour to ensure that consumers have the opportunity to identify 
efficient products by finding the label in the market. 

Article II 
Relation to the 2000 Agreement 

This Agreement supersedes in its entirety the 2000 Agreement. 

For the purposes of this Agreement: 

Article III 
Definitions 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

“ENERGY STAR” means the service mark designated in Annex A and owned by the 
United States Environmental Protection Agency (“U.S. EPA”); 

“Common  Logo”  means  the  certification  mark  designated  in  Annex  A  and  owned 
by U.S. EPA; 

“ENERGY  STAR  Marks”  means  the  “ENERGY  STAR”  name  and  the  Common 
Logo, as well as any versions of these marks that may be developed or modified by 
the  Management  Entities  or  Program  Participants,  as  herein  defined,  including  the 
sign or marking contained in Annex A of this Agreement; 

“ENERGY  STAR  Labeling  Program”  means  a  program  administered  by  a 
Management  Entity  using  common  energy-efficiency  specifications,  marks,  and 
guidelines to be applied to designated product types; 

“Program  Participants”  means  manufacturers,  vendors,  or  resale  agents  that  sell 
designated,  energy-efficient  products  that  meet  the  specifications  of  and  who  have 

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chosen  to  participate  in,  the  ENERGY  STAR  Labelling  Program  by  registering  or 
entering an agreement with the Management Entity of either Party; 

(f) 

“Common Specifications” are the energy-efficiency and performance requirements, 
including  testing  methods  listed  in  Annex  C,  used  by  Management  Entities  and 
Program  Participants  to  determine  qualification  of  energy-efficient  products  for  the 
Common Logo. 

Article IV 
Management entities 

Each  Party  hereby  designates  a  management  entity  responsible  for  implementation  of  this 
Agreement  (the  “Management  Entities”).  The  European  Community  designates 
the 
Commission  of  the  European  Communities  (“Commission”)  as  its  Management  Entity.  The 
United States of America designates the U.S. EPA as its Management Entity. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1. 

2. 

Article V 
Administration of the ENERGY STAR Labelling Program 

Each  Management  Entity  shall  administer  the  ENERGY  STAR  Labelling  Program 
for  the  energy-efficient  product  types  listed  in  Annex  C,  subject  to  the  terms  and 
conditions  set  forth  in  this  Agreement.  Program  administration  includes  registering 
Program  Participants  on  a  voluntary  basis,  maintaining  Program  Participant  and 
compliant product lists, and enforcing the terms of the Guidelines for Proper Use of 
the ENERGY STAR Name and Common Logo set forth in Annex B. 

The ENERGY STAR Labelling Program shall use the Common Specifications listed 
in Annex C. 

To  the  extent  that  each  Management  Entity  takes  effective  measures  to  educate 
consumers about the ENERGY STAR Marks, it shall do so in accordance with the 
Guidelines  for  Proper  Use  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  Name  and  Common  Logo  set 
forth in Annex B. 

Each  Management  Entity  shall  bear  the  expenses  for  all  of  its  activities  under  this 
Agreement. 

Article VI 
Participation in the ENERGY STAR Labelling Program 

Any manufacturer, vendor or resale agent may enter the ENERGY STAR Labelling 
Program  by  registering  as  a  Program  Participant  with  the  Management  Entity  of 
either Party. 

Program Participants may use the Common Logo to identify qualified products that 
have been tested in their own facilities or by an independent test laboratory and that 
meet the Common Specifications set forth in Annex C, and may self-certify product 
qualification. 

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3. 

4. 

5. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

1. 

2. 

The registration of a Program Participant in the ENERGY STAR Labelling Program 
by  the  Management  Entity  of  one  Party  shall  be  recognized  by  the  Management 
Entity of the other Party. 

To  facilitate  the  recognition  of  Program  Participants  in  the  ENERGY  STAR 
Labeling Program in  accordance with  Paragraph 3 above, the  Management Entities 
shall  cooperate  in  order  to  maintain  common  lists  of  all  Program  Participants  and 
products that qualify for the Common Logo. 

Notwithstanding  the  self-certification  procedures  specified  in  Paragraph  2  above, 
each Management Entity reserves the right to test or otherwise review products that 
are  or  have  been  sold  within  its  territories  (in  the  territories  of  the  European 
Community Member States in the case of the Commission) to determine whether the 
products  are  certified  in  accordance  with  the  Common  Specifications  set  forth  in 
Annex C. The Management Entities shall communicate and cooperate fully with one 
another  to  ensure  all  products  bearing  the  Common  Logo  meet  the  Common 
Specifications set forth in Annex C. 

Article VII 
Program coordination between the Parties 

The Parties shall establish a Technical Commission to review implementation of this 
Agreement, composed of representatives of their respective Management Entities. 

In principle, the Technical Commission shall meet annually and shall consult at the 
request of one of the Management Entities to review the operation and administration 
of the ENERGY STAR Labelling Program, the Common Specifications set forth in 
Annex  C,  product  coverage,  and  the  progress  in  achieving  the  objectives  of  this 
Agreement. 

Nonparties  (including  other  governments  and  industry  representatives)  may  attend 
meetings of the Technical Commission as observers, unless otherwise agreed by both 
Management Entities. 

Article VIII 
Registration of the ENERGY STAR Marks 

The U.S. EPA, as owner of the ENERGY STAR marks, has registered the marks in 
the  European  Community  as  Community  Trade  Marks.  The  Commission  shall  not 
seek or obtain any registration of the ENERGY STAR marks or any variation of the 
marks in any country. 

The U.S. EPA undertakes not to consider as an infringement of these marks the use, 
by the Commission or by any Program Participant registered by the Commission, of 
the  sign  or  marking  contained  in  Annex  A  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  this 
Agreement.  

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1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1. 

2. 

Article IX 
Enforcement and non-compliance 

In order to protect the ENERGY STAR marks, each Management Entity shall ensure 
the  proper  use  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  marks  within  its  territory  (within  the 
territories  of  the  European  Community  Member  States  in  the  case  of  the 
Commission). Each Management Entity shall ensure that the ENERGY STAR marks 
are  used  only  in  the  form  that  appears  in  Annex  A.  Each  Management  Entity  shall 
ensure that the ENERGY STAR marks are used solely in the manner specified in the 
Guidelines  for  Proper  Use  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  Name  and  Common  Logo  set 
forth in Annex B.  

Each  Management  Entity  shall  ensure  that  prompt  and  appropriate  action  is  taken 
against Program Participants, whenever it has knowledge that a Program Participant 
has used an infringing mark or has affixed the ENERGY STAR marks to a product 
that does not comply with the Specifications set forth in Annex C. Such actions shall 
include, but not be limited to: 

(a) 

informing  the  Program  Participant  in  writing  of  its  non-  compliance  with  the 
terms of the ENERGY STAR Labelling Program; 

(b) 

through consultations, developing a plan to reach compliance; and 

(c) 

if  compliance  cannot  be  reached,  terminating  the  registration  of  the  Program 
Participant, as appropriate. 

Each Management Entity shall ensure that all reasonable actions are taken to end the 
unauthorized use of the ENERGY STAR marks or use of an infringing mark by an 
entity that is not a Program Participant. Such actions shall include, but shall not be 
limited to: 

(a) 

informing  the  entity  using  the  ENERGY  STAR  marks  of  ENERGY  STAR 
Labelling  Program  requirements  and  the  Guidelines  for  Proper  Use  of  the 
ENERGY STAR Name and Common Logo; and 

(b) 

encouraging the entity to become a Program Participant and register qualified 
products. 

Each  Management  Entity  shall  immediately  notify  the  Management  Entity  of  the 
other  Party  of  any  infringement  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  marks  of  which  it  has 
knowledge as well as the action taken to end such infringement. 

Article X 
Procedures for amending the Agreement and for adding new Annexes 

Either Management Entity may  propose an amendment to  this  Agreement  and  may 
propose new annexes to the Agreement. 

A proposed amendment shall be made in writing and shall be discussed at the next 
meeting of the Technical Commission, provided that it has been communicated to the 
other Management Entity at least sixty days in advance of such meeting. 

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3. 

1. 

2. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Amendments to this Agreement and decisions to add new annexes shall be made by 
mutual agreement of the Parties. Amendments to Annexes A, B, and C shall be made 
according to the provisions of Articles XI and XII. 

Article XI 
Procedures for amending Annexes A and B  

A  Management  Entity  seeking  to  amend  Annex  A  or  Annex  B  shall  follow  the 
procedures set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article X. 

Amendments  to  Annexes  A  and  B  shall  be  made  by  mutual  agreement  of  the 
Management Entities. 

Article XII 
Procedures for amending Annex C 

A Management Entity seeking to amend  Annex C to revise existing Specifications, 
or  to  add  a  new  product  type  (“Proposing  Management  Entity”)  shall  follow  the 
procedures  set  forth  in  paragraphs  1  and  2  of  Article  X,  and  shall  include  in  its 
proposal: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

(g) 

a demonstration that significant energy savings would result from revising the 
Specifications or adding the new product type; 

as  appropriate,  energy  consumption 
consumption modes; 

requirements 

for  various  power 

information on the standardized testing protocols to be used in evaluating the 
product; 

evidence  of  existing  non-proprietary  technology  that  would  make  possible 
cost-effective 
affecting  product 
performance; 

savings  without  negatively 

energy 

information  on  the  estimated  number  of  product  models  that  would  meet  the 
proposed specification and approximate market share represented; 

information  on  the  views  of  industry  groups  potentially  affected  by  the 
proposed amendment; and 

a proposed effective date for the new Specifications, taking into consideration 
product life cycles and production schedules. 

Proposed amendments that are accepted by both Management Entities shall enter into 
force on a date mutually agreed by the Management Entities. 

If, after receipt of a proposal made in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 
X, the other Management Entity (“Objecting Management Entity”) is of the view that 
the  proposal  does  not  meet  the  requirements  specified  in  Paragraph  1  above  or 
otherwise objects to the proposal it shall promptly (normally by the next Technical 

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Commission  Meeting)  notify  the  Proposing  Management  Entity  in  writing  of  its 
objection  and  shall  include  any  available  information  supporting  its  objection;  for 
example, information demonstrating that the proposal, if adopted, would likely:  

(a) 

disproportionately  and  unfairly  confer  market  power  on  one  company  or 
industry group; 

(b)  undermine  overall  industry  participation  in  the  ENERGY  STAR  labeling 

program; 

(c) 

conflict with its laws and regulations; or 

(d) 

impose burdensome technical requirements. 

The Management Entities shall make best efforts to reach agreement on the proposed 
amendment at the first meeting of the Technical Commission following the proposal. 
If  the  Management  Entities  are  unable  to  reach  agreement  on  the  proposed 
amendment  at  this  Technical  Commission  meeting,  they  shall  seek  to  reach 
agreement in writing prior to the subsequent Technical Commission meeting. 

If,  by  the  end  of  the  subsequent  Technical  Commission  meeting,  the  Parties  are 
unable  to  reach  agreement,  the  Proposing  Management  Entity  shall  withdraw  its 
proposal;  and  with  respect  to  proposals  to  revise  existing  Specifications,  the 
corresponding product type shall be removed from Annex C by the date agreed upon 
in writing by the Management Entities. All Program Participants shall be informed of 
this change and of the procedures to be followed to implement this change. 

When  preparing  new  Common  Specifications  or  revising  existing  Common 
Specifications,  the  Management  Entities  shall  ensure  effective  coordination  and 
consultation  among  themselves  and  with  their  respective  stakeholders,  particularly 
with regard to the content of the working documents and timelines. 

Article XIII 
General provisions 

Other environmental labelling programs are not covered by this Agreement and may 
be developed and adopted by either of the Parties. 

All activities undertaken under this Agreement shall be subject to the applicable laws 
and  regulations  of  each  Party  and  to  the  availability  of  appropriated  funds  and 
resources. 

Nothing  in  this  Agreement  shall  affect  the  rights  and  obligations  of  any  Party 
deriving from a bilateral, regional or multilateral agreement into which it has entered 
prior to the entry into force of this Agreement. 

Without  prejudice  to  any  other  provisions  of  this  Agreement,  either  Management 
Entity  may  run  labelling  programs  with  respect  to  product  types  not  included  in 
Annex  C.  Notwithstanding  any  other  provisions  of  this  Agreement,  neither  Party 

4. 

5. 

6. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

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1. 

2. 

1. 

2. 

shall  hinder  the  import,  export,  sale  or  distribution  of  any  product  because  it  bears 
the energy-efficiency marks of the Management Entity of the other Party. 

Article XIV 
Entry into force and duration 

This Agreement shall enter into force on the date upon which each Party has notified 
the other in writing that its respective internal procedures necessary for its entry into 
force have been completed. 

This  Agreement  shall  remain  in  force  for  a  period  of  five  years.  At  least  one  year 
prior  to  the  end  of  this  period,  the  Parties  shall  meet  to  discuss  renewal  of  this 
Agreement. 

Article XV 
Termination 

Either  Party  may  terminate  this  Agreement  at  any  time  by  providing  three  months 
written notice to the other Party. 

In  the  event  of  termination  or  non-renewal  of  this  Agreement,  the  Management 
Entities  shall  inform  all  Program  Participants  which  they  have  registered  of  the 
termination  of  the  joint  program.  Moreover,  Management  Entities  shall  inform  the 
Program Participants which they have registered that each Management Entity may 
continue the labelling activities under two separate individual programs. In this case, 
the European Community labelling program will not use the ENERGY STAR marks. 
The  Commission  shall  ensure  that  itself,  the  Member  States  of  the  European 
Community  and  any  Program  Participants  which  it  has  registered  cease  using  the 
ENERGY  STAR  marks  by  the  date  agreed  upon  in  writing  by  the  Management 
Entities.  The  obligations  contained  in  this  Article  XV  (2)  shall  survive  the 
termination of this Agreement. 

Article XVI 
Authentic languages 

Done  in  duplicate  at  ...  on  the  ...  of  ...  in  the  year  two  thousand  six  in  the  Czech,  Danish, 
Dutch,  English,  Estonian,  Finnish,  French,  German,  Greek,  Hungarian,  Italian,  Latvian, 
Lithuanian,  Maltese,  Polish,  Portuguese,  Slovakian,  Slovenian,  Spanish  and  Swedish, 
languages,  each  of  these  versions  being  equally  authentic.  In  case  of  difficulties  concerning 
interpretation, English shall prevail. 

For the Government of the United States of America: 

For the European Community: 

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ANNEX A 

Energy Star name and common logo 

Name: ENERGY STAR 

Common logo: 

ANNEX B 

Guidelines for proper use of the Energy Star name and common logo 

The ENERGY STAR name and Common logo are marks of the U.S. EPA. As such, the name 
and  Common  logo  may  only  be  used  in  accordance  with  the  following  guidelines  and  the 
Partnership  Agreement  or  the  European  Commission  Registration  Form  signed  by  Program 
Participants  in  the  ENERGY  STAR  labelling  program.  Please  distribute  these  guidelines  to 
those who will be responsible for preparing ENERGY STAR materials on your behalf. 

U.S.  EPA,  and  the  European  Commission,  in  the  European  Community  Member  States 
Territory oversee proper use of the ENERGY STAR name and Common logo. This includes 
monitoring  the  use  of  the  marks  in  the  marketplace,  and  directly  contacting  those 
organizations  that  are  using  them  improperly  or  without  authorization.  Consequences  of 
misusing the marks may include the termination of the Program Participant’s participation in 
the ENERGY STAR labelling program, and, for products imported into the U.S. improperly 
using the marks, the possible seizure by the U.S. Customs Services of those goods. 

General Guidelines 

The ENERGY STAR Program is a partnership between businesses and organizations on one 
side and the US Federal government or the European Community on the other side. As part of 
this  partnership,  businesses  and  organizations  can  use  the  ENERGY  STAR  name  and 
Common logo, as part of their energy efficiency and environmental activities. 

Organizations  must  enter  into  an  agreement  with  a  management  entity  –  the  Environmental 
Protection Agency for the US or the European Commission for the EU– to use the marks as 
provided in this document. Alterations to these marks are not allowed as the alterations would 
confuse  businesses  and  consumers  about  the  source  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  program  and 
reduce its value for all. 

Organizations using these marks must abide by the following general guidelines:  

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1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

The  ENERGY  STAR  name  and  Common  Logo  may  never  be  used  in  any  manner 
that would imply endorsement of a company, its products, or its services. Neither the 
Common  Logo  nor  the  ENERGY  STAR  name  may  be  used  in  any  other  company 
name or logo, product name, service name, domain name, or Web site title, nor may 
the Common Logo, the ENERGY STAR name, or any similar mark be applied for as 
a trademark, or as part of a trademark by any entity other than the U.S. EPA. 

The ENERGY STAR name and Common Logo may never be used in a manner that 
would  disparage  ENERGY  STAR,  EPA,  the  Department  of  Energy,  the  European 
Community, the European Commission, or any other government body. 

The  Common  Logo  may  never  be  associated  with  products  that  do  not  qualify  as 
ENERGY STAR. 

Partners and other authorized organizations are responsible for their own use of the 
ENERGY STAR name and Common Logo, as well as use by their representatives, 
such as ad agencies and implementation contractors. 

Using the ENERGY STAR Name 

–  The ENERGY STAR name should always appear in capital letters; 

–  The registration symbol ® must be used with the first time the words “ENERGY STAR” 

appear in material for the U.S. market and: 

–  The ® symbol should always be in superscript; 

–  There shall be no space between the words “ENERGY STAR” and the ® symbol; 

–  The ® symbol shall be repeated in a document for each chapter title or Web page. 

Using the Common Logo 

The Common Logo is a mark to be used as a label only on those products that meet or exceed 
ENERGY STAR performance guidelines. 

Uses of the Common Logo include: 

–  On a qualifying and registered product; 

–  In product literature for a qualifying product; 

–  On the Web to identify a qualifying product; 

–  In advertising where it is used near to or on a qualifying product; 

–  On Point of Purchase materials; 

–  On qualifying product packaging. 

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Appearance of the Common Logo 

US EPA created this mark to maximize the visual impression of the mark and for contrast and 
legibility.  The  mark  includes  the  ENERGY  STAR  symbol  in  a  block  with  the  ENERGY 
STAR name in a block directly below to reinforce the legibility of the symbol. The two blocks 
are separated by a white rule equal in thickness to the arc within the symbol. The mark also 
has a white key line around it that is also equal in thickness to the arc within the symbol. 

Clear Space 

US  EPA  and  the  EU  Commission  require  that  a  clear  space  of  .333  (1/3)  the  height  of  the 
graphic box within the mark surround the mark at all times. No other graphic elements, such 
as text and images can appear in this area. US EPA and the EU Commission require this clear 
space since the Common logo frequently appears on materials using complex imagery such as 
other marks, graphic devices, and text. 

Minimum Size 

The  mark  may  be  resized,  but  the  proportions  must  be  maintained.  For  legibility,  we 
recommend that the mark not be reproduced smaller in width than .375 inch (3/8”; 9.5 mm) 
for print. Lettering legibility inside the mark must be maintained on the Web. 

Preferred Color 

The preferred color for the mark is 100% Cyan. Alternate versions in black or reversed out to 
white  are  allowed.  The  Web  color  equivalent  of  100%  Cyan  is  hex  color  #0099FF.  If 
multicolour  printing  is  available  for  advertising,  product  literature,  or  point  of  purchase 
materials the mark should be printed in 100% Cyan. If this color is not available, then black 
can be substituted. 

Incorrect Uses of the Mark 

Please: 

–  Do not use the mark on non-qualifying products. 

–  Do  not  alter  the  mark  by  using  the  ENERGY  STAR  symbol  block  without  the  block 

containing the name “ENERGY STAR”. 

When reproducing the mark please: 

–  Do not make the mark an outline. 

–  Do not use a white mark on a white background. 

–  Do not change the colors of the mark. 

–  Do not distort the mark in any way. 

–  Do not alter the lock up of the mark. 

–  Do not place the mark on a busy image. 

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–  Do not rotate the mark. 

–  Do not separate any of the mark’s elements. 

–  Do not substitute any part of the mark. 

–  Do not use any other typeface to replace part of the mark. 

–  Do not violate the clear space of the mark. 

–  Do not skew the mark. 

–  Do not change the size of the mark lock up. 

–  Do not replace the approved wording. 

–  Do not use the Common logo in an unapproved color. 

–  Do not let text run into the mark. 

–  Do not use the symbol block alone. The ENERGY STAR name must appear as well. 

–  Do not delete the symbol block from the mark. 

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Writing and Talking About ENERGY STAR 

To  maintain  and  build  the  value  of  ENERGY  STAR,  U.S.  EPA  and  the  EU  Commission 
recommend terminology to use when writing and talking about elements of the program. 

CORRECT 

INCORRECT 

ENERGY STAR qualified computer 

ENERGY STAR compliant computer 

ENERGY STAR certified computer 

ENERGY STAR rated computer 

Computer  that  has  earned  the  ENERGY 
STAR 

Products  that  have  earned  the  ENERGY 
STAR 

ENERGY STAR product 

ENERGY  STAR  products  (referring  to  a 
suite of products) 

ENERGY STAR equipment 

Endorsed by US EPA 

Meeting ENERGY STAR standards 

PARTNERS/PROGRAM PARTICPANTS 

An ENERGY STAR Partner 

An ENERGY STAR company 

Company X, an ENERGY STAR Partner 

Company  X,  a  company  endorsed  by  US 
EPA 

A  company  participating 
STAR 

in  ENERGY 

A  US  EPA  approved  seller  of  ENERGY 
STAR equipment 

A company promoting ENERGY STAR 

Endorsed by US EPA 

ENERGY STAR qualified monitors 

ENERGY STAR Monitor Program 

GOVERNMENT SOURCE OF AUTHORITY 

Products  that  earn  the  ENERGY  STAR 
prevent  greenhouse  gas  emissions  by 
meeting  strict  energy  efficiency  guidelines 
set by the US EPA and the EU Commission 

ENERGY  STAR  and  the  ENERGY  STAR 
mark are registered US marks 

EN 

20 

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ENERGY  STAR 
owned by the US government 

is  a  registered  mark 

PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES 

ENERGY STAR guidelines 

ENERGY STAR Standards 

ENERGY STAR specifications 

US EPA-approved 

ENERGY STAR performance levels 

US EPA-endorsed 

Voluntary programs 

Received an endorsement by US EPA 

Questions Regarding the Use of the ENERGY STAR Name and Common Logo 

ENERGY STAR Hotline 

In the U.S. call toll-free:1-888-STAR-YES (1-888-782-7937) 

Outside the U.S. Call: 202-775-6650 

Fax: 202-775-6680 

www.energystar.gov 

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 

Directorate-General Energy and Transport 

Phone: +32 2 2985792 

Fax: +32 2 2966016 

www.eu-energystar.org

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ANNEX C 

COMMON SPECIFICATIONS 

I. COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS 

The  Computer  Specifications  contained  below  shall  remain  in  force  not  longer  than  31 
December  2007.  After  that  date  computers  will  not  be  registered  by  the  ENERGY  STAR 
programme until new computer specifications adopted by the management entities pursuant to 
Article XII of this Agreement become applicable. 

A. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Definitions 

Computer:  A  desktop,  tower  or  mini-tower,  or  portable  unit,  including  high-end 
desktop computers, personal computers, workstations, network computer desktops, X 
terminal  controllers,  and  computer-based  point-of-sale  retail  terminals.  To  qualify, 
the  unit  must  be  capable  of  being  powered  from  a  wall  outlet,  but  this  does  not 
preclude units that are capable of being powered from a wall outlet and also from a 
battery.  This  definition  is  intended  primarily  to  cover  computers  sold  for  use  in 
businesses or homes. This definition of a computer does not include computers sold 
or otherwise marketed as “File Server” or “Server”. 

Monitor: A cathode-ray tube (CRT), flat panel display (e.g. a liquid crystal display) 
or  other  display  device  and  its  associated  electronics.  A  monitor  may  be  sold 
separately  or  integrated  into  the  computer  chassis.  This  definition  is  intended 
primarily to cover standard monitors designed for use with computers. For purposes 
of  this  specification,  however,  the  following  may  also  be  considered  a  monitor: 
mainframe terminals, and physically separate display units. 

Integrated  computer  system:  Systems  in  which  the  computer  and  visual  display 
monitor are combined into a single unit. Such systems must meet all of the following 
criteria: it is not possible to measure the power consumption of the two components 
separately;  and  the  system  is  connected  to  the  wall  outlet  through  a  single  power 
cable. 

Inactivity:  A  period  of  time  during  which  a  computer  does  not  encounter  any  user 
input (e.g. keyboard input or mouse movement). 

Low-power or “sleep” mode: The reduced power state that the computer enters after 
a period of inactivity. 

Wake  events:  A  user,  programmed,  or  external  event  or  stimulus  that  causes  the 
computer  to  transition  from  its  low-power/.sleep.  mode  to  its  active  mode  of 
operation. Examples of wake events include, but are not limited to, movement of the 
mouse, keyboard activity or a button press on the chassis and, in the case of external 
events,  stimulus  conveyed  via  a  telephone,  remote  control,  network,  cable  modem, 
satellite, etc. 

EN 

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B. 

1. 

Product qualification for ENERGY STAR 

Technical specifications 

(a)  Computers: An ENERGY STAR qualified computer shall satisfy the following 

conditions: 

There are two guidelines – A and B – under which a computer can be qualified 
as  ENERGY  STAR.  The  two  guidelines  have  been  developed  to  provide 
Program  Participants  with  the  freedom  to  approach  power  management  and 
energy efficiency in different ways. 

The following types of computers must be qualified under Guideline A. 

– 

– 

– 

Computers that are shipped with the capability to be on networks such 
that they can remain in their low-power/sleep mode while their network 
interface adapter retains the ability to respond to network queries. 

Computers that are not shipped with a network interface capability. 

Computers shipped to a non-networked environment. 

EPA  expects  computers  sold  or  otherwise  marketed  as  personal  computers  to 
be qualified under Guideline A only. 

Computers that are shipped with the capability to be on networks that currently 
require the computer's processor and/or memory to be involved in maintaining 
its  network  connection  while  in  sleep  mode  can  be  qualified  under  Guideline 
B. Computers qualifying under Guideline B are expected to maintain identical 
network functionality in and out of sleep mode. 

(i)  Guideline A 

(a)  The computer shall enter a sleep mode after a period of inactivity. 

(b) 

(c) 

If the computer is shipped with the capability to be on a network, it 
shall have the ability to enter a sleep mode while on the network. 

If the computer is shipped with the capability to be on a network, it 
shall  retain  in  sleep  mode  its  ability  to  respond  to  wake  events 
directed  or  targeted  to  the  computer  while  on  a  network.  If  the 
wake  event  requires  the  computer  to  exit  the  sleep  mode  and 
perform  a  task,  the  computer  shall  re-enter  its  sleep  mode  after  a 
period  of  inactivity  after  the  completion  of  the  task  requested. 
Program  Participant  may  use  any  means  available  to  achieve  the 
behaviour described in this subsection. 

(d)  The computer shall consume power in the sleep mode according to 

Table 1.

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TABLE 1 

Maximum  continuous  power  rating 

of power supply7 

Watts in sleep mode 

≤ 200 W 

> 200 W ≤ 300 W 

> 300 W ≤ 350 W 

> 350 W ≤ 400 W 

> 400 W 

≤ 15 W 

≤ 20 W 

≤ 25 W 

≤ 30 W 

10  %  of  the  maximum  continuous 

output rating 

Computers that always maintain a level of power consumption of 15 
watts  or  less  comply  with  the  power  consumption  requirements  of 
this  Specification,  and  are  not  required  to  incorporate  the  sleep 
mode described in Section A. 

(ii)  Guideline B 

(a)  The computer shall enter a sleep mode after a period of inactivity. 

(b) 

If the computer is shipped with the capability to be on a network, it 
shall  have  the  ability  to  enter  a  sleep  mode  irrespective  of  the 
network technology. 

(c)  The computer shall retain in sleep mode its ability to respond to all 
types  of  network  requests.  There  shall  be  no  loss  in  network 
functionality  available  to  the  user  (e.g.  the  network  functionality 
available to the user during the sleep mode shall be the same as that 
was available before the computer entered the sleep mode). 

(d)  The computer shall consume in the sleep mode, no more than 15 % 
of the maximum continuous power rating of its power supply. 

(b) 

Integrated  Computer  Systems:  An  ENERGY  STAR  qualified  integrated 
computer system shall satisfy the following conditions. 

(i)  The integrated computer system shall enter a sleep mode after a period of 

inactivity. 

(ii) 

If the integrated computer system is shipped with the capability to be on a 
network,  it  shall  have  the  ability  to  enter  a  sleep  mode  while  on  the 
network. 

7 

The  maximum  continuous  output  rating  of  a  power  supply  is  the  value  defined  by  the  power  supply 
manufacturer in the operating instructions provided with the product. 

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24 

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(iii)  If the integrated computer system is shipped with the capability to be on a 
network, it shall retain in sleep mode its ability to respond to wake events 
directed or targeted to the computer while on a network. If the wake event 
requires  the  computer  to  exit  the  sleep  mode  and  perform  a  task,  the 
integrated computer system shall re-enter its sleep mode after a period of 
inactivity after the completion of the task requested. 

Program  Participant  may  use  any  means  available  to  achieve  the 
behaviour described in this subsection. 

(iv)  An  integrated  computer  system  shall  consume  no  more  than  35  watts  in 
the sleep mode. Integrated computer systems that always maintain a level 
of  power  consumption  less  than  or  equal  to  35  watts  comply  with  the 
power consumption requirements of this Agreement and are not required 
to incorporate the sleep mode described in Section I.A. 

Shipment  Settings:  In  order  to  ensure  that  the  maximum  number  of  users  take 
advantage  of  the  low-power/”sleep”  state,  Program  Participant  shall  ship  its 
computers  and/or  integrated  computer  systems  with  the  power  management  feature 
enabled.  The  default  time  for  all  products  shall  be  pre-set  for  less  than  30  minutes. 
(EPA recommends that the pre-set time be set between 15 and 30 minutes). The user 
shall have the ability to change the time settings or disable the sleep/low-power mode. 

Operating Systems: The proper activation of a computer's low-power/”sleep” mode is 
typically  contingent  upon  the  installation  and  use  of  a  particular  version  of  an 
operating system. If a computer is shipped from the Program Participant with one or 
more  operating  systems,  the  computer  shall  be  capable  of  entering  and  fully 
recovering  from  the  low-power/”sleep”  sleep  mode  while  running  in  at  least  one  of 
those  operating  systems.  If  the  computer  is  not  shipped  with  operating  system 
software, the Program Participant shall clearly specify which mechanism will render 
the  computer  ENERGY  STAR  qualified.  In  addition,  if  any  special  software, 
hardware  drivers,  or  utilities  are  necessary  for  the  proper  activation  and  recovery  of 
the sleep mode, they must be installed in the computer. The Program Participant shall 
include this information in product literature (e.g. user's manual or data sheets) and/or 
on  its  Internet  website.  Brochures  and  advertisements  shall  be  worded  to  avoid 
misleading statements. 

Monitor Control: The computer shall include one or more mechanisms through which 
it  can  activate  the  low-power  modes  of  an  ENERGY  STAR  qualified  monitor. 
Program Participant shall clearly specify in product literature the manner in which its 
computer  can  control  ENERGY  STAR  qualified  monitors,  and  any  special 
circumstances  that  must  exist  in  order  for  monitor  power  management  to  be 
accomplished.  Program  Participant  shall  set  the  computer's  default  to  activate  the 
monitor's first low-power or sleep mode within 30 minutes of user inactivity. Program 
Participant shall also set the default time for the next level of power management such 
that the monitor enters the second low-power or “deep sleep” mode within 60 minutes 
of inactivity. The combined total of the default times for both low-power modes shall 
not exceed 60 minutes. Program Participant can choose to set the computer to activate 
the  monitor  to  enter  the  second  low-power  or  “deep  sleep”  mode  directly  within  30 
minutes of inactivity. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

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The  user  shall  have  the  ability  to  change  the  time  settings  or  disable  the  low-power 
modes  for  the  monitor  control.  This  monitor  control  requirement  does  not  apply  to 
integrated  computer  systems.  However,  integrated  computer  systems  that  are 
marketed  and  sold  as  part  of  a  docking  system  shall  have  the  capability  to 
automatically control the power of an externally connected monitor. 

Test Guidelines for ENERGY STAR Qualified Computers 

Test  Conditions:  Outlined  below  are  the  ambient  test  conditions  which  should  be 
established when performing the power measurement. These are necessary in order to 
ensure  that  outside  factors  do  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  can  be 
reproduced later. 

Line Impedance: < 0.25 ohm 

Total Harmonic Distortion: < 5% 

Voltage: 

Input AC Voltage8: 115 VAC RMS +/- 5 V RMS 

Input AC Frequency960 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

Ambient Temperature: 25 deg. C +/- 3 deg. C 

Testing  Equipment:  The  goal 
the  TRUE  power 
consumption10  of  the  device  or  monitor.  This  necessitates  the  use  of  a  True  RMS 
Watt-Meter. There are many watt-meters to choose from, but manufacturers will need 
to  exercise  care  in  selecting  an  appropriate  model.  The  following  factors  should  be 
considered when purchasing a meter and setting up the actual test. 

to  accurately  measure 

is 

C. 

1. 

2. 

Crest Factor: 

A previous version of the ENERGY STAR testing procedure included a requirement 
that  manufacturers  utilize  a  watt-meter  with  a  crest  factor  greater  than  8.  As  many 
Program  Participants  pointed  out,  this  is  not  a  useful  or  relevant  requirement.  The 
following  paragraphs  are  meant  to  discuss  the  issues  relating  to  crest  factor  and  to 
clarify the intent of the initial incorrect statement. Unfortunately, in order to remedy 
the  error,  the  ENERGY  STAR  program  cannot  provide  a  specific  equipment 
requirement. Testing is as much art as it is science, and manufacturers and testers will 
have to exercise judgement, and draw on people well versed in testing issues, to select 
an appropriate meter. 

8 

9 
10 

If products will be sold in Europe or Asia, testing should also be performed at the appropriate machine-
rated voltage and frequency. For example, products destined for European markets might be tested at 230 
V and 50 Hz. The logo should not be displayed on products shipped to Europe or Asia if the equipment 
does not meet the power requirements of the Program at the local voltage and frequency conditions. 
Ibid. 
True  power  is  defined  as  (volts)x(amps)x(power  factor),  and  is  typically  reported  as  Watts.  Apparent 
Power  is  defined  as  (volts)x(amps)  and  is  usually  expressed  in  terms  of  VA  or  volt-amps.  The  power 
factor for equipment with switching power supplies is always less that 1.0, so true power is always less 
than apparent power. 

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Figure 1

Current of Unit 
Under Test

Sinewave Current

20

120

220

320

420

520

620

720

s
p
m
A

(

t
n
e
r
r
u
C

-80

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

-2.00

-2.50

Time

To begin, it is important to understanding that devices which contain switching power 
supplies  draw  current  in  a  waveform  different  from  typical  sinusoidal  current.11 
Figure 1 shows the typical current waveform for a typical switched electronic device. 
While virtually any watt-meter can measure a standard current waveform, it is more 
difficult to select a watt meter when irregular current waveforms are involved. 

It is critical that the watt-meter selected be capable of reading  the current drawn by 
the  device  without  causing  internal  peak  distortion  (i.e.,  clipping  off  the  top  of  the 
current wave). This requires a review of the meter's crest factor12, and of the current 
ranges available on the meter. Better meters will have higher crest factors, and more 
choices of current ranges. 

When preparing the test, the first step should be to determine the peak current (amps) 
associated  with  the  device  being  measured.  This  can  be  accomplished  using  an 
oscilloscope.  Then  a  current  range  must  be  selected  that  will  enable  the  meter  to 
register the peak current. Specifically, the full scale value of the current range selected 
multiplied by the crest factor of the meter (for current) must be greater than the peak 
current reading from the oscilloscope. For example, if a watt meter has a crest factor 
of 4, and the current range is set on 3 amps, the meter can register current spikes of up 
to 12 amps. If measured peak current is only 6 amps, the meter would be satisfactory. 
The other concern to be aware of is that if the current range is set too high in order to 
register  peak  current,  it  may  lose  accuracy  in  measuring  the  non-peak  current. 
Therefore,  some  delicate  balancing  is  necessary.  Again,  with  more  current  range 
choices and higher crest factors you will get better results. 

Frequency Response: 

11 

12 

The  crest  factor  for  a  sinusoidal  60  Hz  current  waveform  is  always  1.4.  The  crest  factor  for  a  current 
waveform associated with a PC or monitor containing a switching power supply will always be greater 
than 1.4 (though typically no higher than 8). The crest factor of a current waveform is defined as the ratio 
of the peak current (amps) to the RMS current (amps). 
The crest factor of a watt meter is often provided for both current and voltage. For current it is the ratio 
of the peak current to the RMS current in a specific current range. When only one crest factor is given, it 
is usually for current. An average True RMS Wattmeter has a crest factor in the range of 2:1 to 6:1. 

EN 

27 

   EN 

 
 
 
                                                 
Another  issue  to  consider  when  selecting  a  watt-meter  is  the  frequency  response 
rating  of  the  meter.  Electronic  equipment  that  contains  switching  power  supplies 
causes harmonics (odd harmonics typically up to the 21st). These harmonics must be 
accounted for in power measurement, or the Wattage consumption will be inaccurate. 
Accordingly, ENERGY STAR recommends that manufacturers purchase watt-meters 
that have a frequency response of at least 3 kHz. This will account for harmonics up 
to the 50th, and is recommended by IEC 555.  

Resolution: 

Manufacturers will probably want a meter than can provide resolution of 0.1 W. 

Accuracy: 

Another  feature  to  consider  is  the  resulting  accuracy  you  will  be  able  to  achieve. 
Catalogues and specification sheets for watt-meters typically provide information on 
the accuracy of power readings that can be achieved at different range settings. If you 
are  measuring  a  product  that  is  very  close  to  the  maximum  energy  consumption  for 
the mode being tested, you will need to set up a test that will provide greater accuracy.  

Calibration: 

Watt meters should be calibrated every year to maintain their accuracy. 

3. 

Test Method: Manufacturers should measure the Average power consumption of the 
devices when in the off or low-power modes. This should be done by measuring the 
Energy consumption over a 1-hour period. The resulting energy consumption can be 
divided by 1 hour to calculate average Watts. 

Power  Measurement  for  Energy  Saving  Modes:  This  test  should  be  conducted  for 
each of the energy saving modes (e.g, low-power, off, standby, sleep) applicable to a 
particular device for ENERGY STAR qualification. Prior to the start of this test, the 
machine should have been plugged in to a live power line but turned off and stabilized 
at  room  ambient  conditions  for  at  least  12  hours.  An  appropriate  watt-hour  meter 
should  be in  line with  the machine, ready to give an  accurate indication of machine 
energy consumption without disruption of the power source. This measurement may 
be  done  sequentially  with  the  off-mode  power  measurement;  the  two  tests  together 
should  take  no  more  than  14  hours  to  perform,  including  the  time  required  for  the 
machine to be plugged in and turned off. 

Turn on the device, and let it go through its warm-up cycle. After the default time to 
the  energy  saving  mode  has  passed,  read  and  record  the  watt-hour  meter  indication 
and  the  time  (or  start  the  stopwatch  or  timer).  After  1  hour,  read  and  record  the 
watt-hour indication again. The difference between the two readings of the watt-hour 
meter  is  the  low-power  mode  energy  use;  divide  by  1  hour  to  obtain  the  average 
power rating. 

II. COMPUTER MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS 

Definitions 

Computer  Monitor  (also  referred  to  as  “Monitor”):  A  commercially-available, 
electronic  product  with  a  display  screen  and  its  associated  electronics  encased  in  a 

28 

   EN 

A. 

1. 

EN 

 
 
 
single housing that is capable of displaying output information  from  a  computer  via 
one or more inputs, such as VGA, DVI, and/or IEEE 1394. The monitor usually relies 
upon a cathode-ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), or other display device. 
This definition is intended primarily to cover standard monitors designed for use with 
computers.  To  qualify,  the  computer  monitor  must  have  a  viewable  diagonal  screen 
size greater than 12 inches and must be capable of being powered by a separate AC 
wall outlet or a battery unit that is sold with an AC adapter. Computer monitors with a 
tuner/receiver may qualify as Energy Star under this specification as long as they are 
marketed  and  sold  to  consumers  as  computer  monitors  (i.e.,  focusing  on  computer 
monitor  as  the  primary  function)  or  as  dual  function  computer  monitors  and 
televisions. However, products with a tuner/receiver and computer capability that are 
marketed and sold as televisions are not included in this specification. 

On Mode/Active Power: The product is connected to a power source and produces an 
image.  The  power  requirement  in  this  mode  is  typically  greater  than  the  power 
requirement in Sleep and Off Modes. 

Sleep  Mode/Low  Power:  The  reduced  power  state  that  the  computer  monitor  enters 
after  receiving  instructions  from  a  computer  or  via  other  functions.  A  blank  screen 
and  reduction  in  power  consumption  characterize  this  mode.  The  computer  monitor 
returns  to  On  Mode  with  full  operational  capability  upon  sensing  a  request  from  a 
user/computer (e.g., user moves the mouse or presses a key on the keyboard). 

Off  Mode/Standby  Power:  The  lowest  power  consumption  mode  which  cannot  be 
switched off (influenced) by the user and that may persist for an indefinite time when 
a computer monitor is connected to the main electricity supply and used in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s instructions. For purposes of this specification, Off Mode is 
defined as the power state when the product is connected to a power source, produces 
no  images,  and  is  waiting  to  be  switched  to  On  Mode  by  a  direct  signal  from  a 
user/computer (e.g., user pushes power switch)13. 

Hard Off Mode: A condition where the product is still plugged into the mains, but has 
been  disconnected from  an  external power source. This  mode is usually  engaged by 
the consumer via a “hard off switch.” While in this mode, a product will not draw any 
electricity and will usually measure 0 watts when metered. 

Disconnect:  The  product  has  been  unplugged  from  the  mains  and  therefore  is 
disconnected from all external power sources. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

B. 

Qualifying Products 

In order to qualify as ENERGY STAR, a computer monitor model must meet the definition in 
Section A, and the specification requirements provided in Section II.C, below. As explained in 
Section  II.A.1,  this  specification  does  not  cover  products  with  computer  capability  that  are 
marketed and sold as televisions. 

13 

This  definition  is  consistent  with  IEC  62301:  Household  Electrical  Appliances  –  Measurement  of 
Standby power as of March 2004. 

EN 

29 

   EN 

 
                                                 
C. 

Energy-Efficiency Specifications for Qualifying Products 

Only  those  products  listed  in  Section  II.B  that  meet  the  following  criteria  may  qualify  as 
ENERGY STAR.  

Widescreen  Models:  Widescreen  (e.g.,  16:9,  15:9,  etc.)  models  are  eligible  to  earn  the 
ENERGY  STAR,  provided  that  they  meet  the  energy-efficiency  requirements  in  these 
specifications.  There  are  no  separate  specifications  for  widescreen  models  and  as  such,  they 
must comply with Sections II.C.1 and II.C.2, below.  

1. 

On  Mode/Active  Power:  To  qualify  as  ENERGY  STAR,  computer  monitor  models 
must not exceed the following maximum active power consumption equation: If X < 
1 megapixel, then Y = 23; if X > 1 megapixel, then Y = 28X. Y is expressed in watts 
and  rounded  up  to  the  nearest  whole  number  and  X  is  the  number  of  megapixels  in 
decimal form (e.g., 1,920,000 pixels = 1.92 megapixels). For example, the maximum 
power  consumption  for  a  computer  monitor  with  1024  x  768  resolution  (or  .78 
megapixels)  would  be  Y  =  23  watts  and  for  a  computer  monitor  with  1600  x  1200 
resolution would be 28(1.92) = 53.76 or 54 watts when rounded up 

To qualify a computer monitor as ENERGY STAR, it must be tested according to the 
protocol outlined in Section II.D, Test Methodology. 

2. 

Sleep and Off Modes 

(a)  Maximum power consumption levels for Sleep and Off Modes are provided in 
Table 2 below. Computer monitors capable of multiple Sleep Modes (i.e., Sleep 
and  Deep  Sleep)  shall  meet  the  Sleep  Mode  requirement  below  in  all  such 
modes. For example, a computer monitor tested at 4 watts in Sleep and 2 watts 
in  Deep  Sleep  would  not  qualify  because  one  of  the  Sleep  Modes  exceeds  2 
watts. 

(b)  Sleep Mode Exception: Computer monitors that have the capability to proceed 
automatically from On Mode/Active Power to an Off Mode/Standby Power of 1 
watt or less comply with these energy consumption requirements. The computer 
monitor’s Off Mode/Standby Power must be activated within 30 minutes of user 
inactivity  or  as  otherwise  defined  in  future  versions  of  the  Computer 
Specification. Upon resumption of user activity (e.g., user moves the mouse or 
presses  a  key  on  the  keyboard),  the  computer  monitor  must  return  to  full 
operational  capability.  In  other  words,  a  Sleep  Mode  is  not  necessary  if  the 
computer  monitor  can  proceed  from  On  Mode/Active  Power 
to  Off 
Mode/Standby  Power  and  meet  the  ENERGY  STAR  requirements  in  the  Off 
Mode/Standby Power. 

TABLE 2: Energy-Efficiency Criteria for Sleep and Off Modes 

Sleep Mode 

≤ 2 watts 

Off Mode 

≤ 1 watt 

(c)  Sleep Mode Enabling: Energy savings from the computer monitor’s Sleep Mode 
can only be achieved if this power-saving mode is enabled. Enabling and default 
times  are  driven  by  the  computer;  where  feasible  (e.g.,  where  monitor 

EN 

30 

   EN 

 
manufacturer has a business relationship with specific computer manufacturers 
or  where  monitor  manufacturer  also  sells  its  own  computers  or  bundled 
products), monitor manufacturer  should  ensure  that  ENERGY  STAR  qualified 
computer  monitors  have  their  Sleep  Modes  enabled  when  shipped  to  the 
customer.  Further,  the  computer  shall  activate  the  computer  monitor’s  Sleep 
Mode within 30 minutes of user inactivity or as otherwise defined. If a computer 
monitor  has  the  capability  to  proceed  automatically  from  On  Mode/Active 
Power  to  Off  Mode/Standby  Power,  then,  consistent  with  the  Sleep  Mode 
requirements,  the  computer  monitor’s  Off  Mode/Standby  Power  must  be 
activated within 30 minutes of user inactivity or as otherwise defined. 

D. 

Test Methodology 

Product  Testing  Set-up,  Methodology,  and  Documentation:  The  testing  and  measurement 
methods  below  reference  published  specifications  from  the  Video  Electronics  Standards 
Association  (VESA)  Display  Metrology  Committee  and  the  International  Electrotechnical 
Commission (IEC), and supplement those guidelines where necessary with methods developed 
in cooperation with the computer monitor industry. 

Manufacturers are required to perform tests and self-certify those product models that meet the 
ENERGY STAR guidelines. Families of computer monitor models that are built on the same 
chassis  and  are  identical  in  every  respect  but  housing  and  color  may  be  qualified  through 
submission of test data for a single, representative model. Likewise, models that are unchanged 
or that differ only in finish from those sold in a previous year may remain qualified without the 
submission of new test data, assuming the specification remains unchanged. 

The power requirement shall be measured from the outlet or power source to the product under 
test. The average true power consumption of the computer monitor shall be measured during 
the On Mode/Active  Power,  the  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power,  and  the  Off  Mode/Standby  Power. 
When performing measurements to self-certify a product model, the product being tested must 
initially  be  in  the  same  condition  (e.g.,  configuration  and  settings)  as  when  shipped  to  the 
customer, unless adjustments need to be made pursuant to instructions below. 

To  ensure  a  consistent  means  for  measuring  the  power  consumption  of  electronics  products, 
the following protocol must be followed, which has three main components: 

Product  Testing  Set-up  and  Conditions:  Outlined  below  in  Sections  1(a)  through  (h)  are  the 
ambient  test  conditions  and  measurement  protocols  that  must  be  respected  when  performing 
power measurements. 

Product Testing Methodology: The actual test steps for measuring power in On Mode/Active 
Power, Sleep Mode/Low Power, and  Off  Mode/Standby Power are  provided  in Section 2(a), 
below. 

Product  Testing  Documentation:  Documentation  requirements  for  submittal  of  qualified 
product data are detailed in Section 3, below. 

This protocol ensures that outside factors do not adversely affect the test results and that the 
test  results  can  be  consistently  reproduced.  Manufacturers  may  elect  to  use  an  in-house  or 
results.
independent 

laboratory 

provide 

test 

the 

to 

EN 

31 

   EN 

 
1. 

Product Testing Set-up and Conditions 

(a)  Test Conditions: General Criteria 

Supply 
Voltage14: 

Europe: 

230 (± 1%) Volts AC, 50 Hz (± 1%) 

North America: 

115 (± 1%) Volts AC, 60 Hz (± 1%) 

Australia/New 
Zealand: 

Japan: 

230 (± 1%) Volts AC, 50 Hz (± 1%) 

100 (± 1%) Volts AC, 50 Hz (± 1%)/60 Hz (± 
1%) 

Total  Harmonic 
Distortion 
(Voltage): 

< 2% THD  

Ambient 
Temperature: 

Relative 
Humidity: 

20°C ± 5°C 

30 – 80 % 

Line Impedance:  < 0.25 ohm 

(Reference IEC 62301: Household Electrical Appliances – Measurement of Standby 
Power,  Sections  3.2,  3.3  and  VESA  Flat  Panel  Display  Measurements  (FPDM) 
Standard 2.0, Section 301-2) 

(b)  Dark  Room  Conditions:  When  performing  light  measurements,  the  computer 
monitor shall be located in a dark room condition. The computer monitor screen 
illuminance  measurement  (E),  when  in  Off  Mode/Standby  Power,  must  be  1.0 
Lux or less. Measurements should be made at a point perpendicular to the center 
of  the  screen  using  a  Light  Measuring  Device  (LMD)  with  the  computer 
monitor  in  Off  Mode/Standby  Power  (Reference  VESA  FPDM  Standard  2.0, 
Section 301-2F). 

(c)  Color Controls and Peripherals: All color controls (hue, saturation, gamma, etc.) 
shall  be  placed  at  their  factory  default  settings.  No  external  devices  shall  be 
connected to any included Universal Serial Bus (USB) hubs or ports. Any built-
in  speakers,  TV  tuners,  etc.  may  be  placed  in  their  minimum  power 

14 

Supply  Voltage:  Manufacturers  shall  test  their  computer  monitors  based  on  the  market  in  which  the 
models will be sold. Manufacturers must ensure that qualifying products marketed and sold in any region 
as  ENERGY  STAR  do  not  exceed  the  power  levels  declared  on  the  Qualifying  Product  Information 
(QPI)  form  (and  stored  in  the  ENERGY  STAR database)  at  the  standard  mains  voltage  and frequency 
conditions of that region. For equipment that is sold in multiple international markets and therefore rated 
at  multiple  input  voltages,  the  manufacturers  must  test  at  and  report  all  relevant  voltages  and  power 
consumption levels if it intends to register the product as ENERGY STAR in the respective markets. For 
example,  a  manufacturer  that  is  shipping  the  same  computer  monitor  model  to  the  United  States  and 
Europe must measure and report the On, Sleep, and Off power consumption at both 115 Volts/60 Hz and 
230 Volts/50 Hz. 

EN 

32 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
configuration, as adjustable by the user, to minimize power use not associated 
with  the  display  itself.  Circuit  removal  or  other  actions  not  under  user  control 
may not be taken to minimize power use. 

(d)  Power  Measurement  Test  Conditions:  CRT  pixel  format  shall  be  set  at  the 
preferred pixel format with the highest resolution that is intended to be driven at 
a  75  Hz  refresh  rate.  A  VESA  Discrete  Monitor  Timing  (DMT)  or  newer 
industry  standard  pixel  format  timing  must  be  used  for  the  test.  The  CRT 
monitor  must  be  capable  of  meeting  all  its  manufacturer-stated  quality 
specifications in the tested format. For LCDs and other fixed pixel technologies, 
pixel format shall be set to the native level. LCD refresh rate shall be set to 60 
Hz,  unless  a  different  refresh  rate  is  specifically  recommended  by  the 
manufacturer, in which case that rate shall be used.  

(e)  Power Measurement Protocols: Computer monitor power consumption shall be 
measured  in  watts  with  an  imposed  test  pattern.  Warm-up  time  shall  be  a 
minimum of a 20-minute period (Reference VESA FPDM Standard 2.0, Section 
301-2D or 305-3 for warm-up test). A true RMS power meter with a crest factor 
of at least five shall be used to measure the power use of each randomly chosen 
unit  at  one  or  more,  as  appropriate,  of  the  voltage/frequency  combinations 
provided 
(Reference  VESA  Standard:  Display 
Specifications and Measurement Procedures, Version 1.0, Revision 1.0, Section 
8.1.3). Measurements shall be taken after wattage values are stable over a three-
minute period. Measurements are considered stable if the wattage reading does 
not  vary  more  than  1%  over  the  three-minute  period  (Reference  IEC  4.3.1). 
(Manufacturers shall ignore the input sync signal check cycle when metering the 
model 
in  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power  and  Off  Mode/Standby  Power.) 
Manufacturers  shall  use  calibrated  measuring  equipment  capable  of 
measurements accurate to one-tenth of a watt or better. 

in  Section 

II.D.1(a) 

Borrowing  from  European  Norm  50301  (Reference  BSI  03-2001,  BS  EN 
50301:2001,  Methods  of  Measurement  for  the  Power  Consumption  of  Audio, 
Video, and Related Equipment, Annex A), EPA has established a test procedure 
where  the  number  of  units  required  for  test  depends  on  the  test  results  for  the 
first  unit.  For  the  purposes  of  ENERGY  STAR,  if  a  tested  computer  monitor 
uses  at  least  15%  less  power  (i.e.,  greater  than  or  equal  to  15%)  than  the 
ENERGY  STAR  specification  in  all  three  operating  modes  (On  Mode/Active 
Power,  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power,  and  Off  Mode/Standby  Power),  then  it  only 
has to be tested once. However, if a tested computer monitor is within 15% (i.e., 
less  than  15%)  of  the  ENERGY  STAR  specification  in  any  of  the  three 
operating modes, then two more units have to be tested. None of the test values 
may  exceed  the  ENERGY  STAR  specification  for  the  model  to  qualify  as 
ENERGY STAR. All of the test results as well as the average values (based on 
the  three  or  more  data  points)  must  be  reported  on  an  ENERGY  STAR 
form.
Qualifying 

Information 

Product 

(QPI) 

EN 

33 

   EN 

 
 
The following example further illustrates this approach: 

EXAMPLE: For simplicity, assume the specification is 100 watts or less and only applies 

to one operational mode. 85 watts would represent the 15% threshold. 

If the first unit is measured at 80 watts, no more testing is needed and the model qualifies 
(80 watts is at least 15% more efficient than the specification and is “outside” the 15% 
threshold). 

If the first unit is measured at 85 watts, no more testing is needed and the model qualifies 

(85 watts is exactly 15% more efficient than the specification). 

If the first unit is measured at 90 watts, then two more units must be tested to determine 
qualification  (90  watts  is  only  10%  more  efficient  than  the  specification  and  is 
“within” the 15% threshold). 

If three units are tested at 90, 98, and 105 watts, the model does not qualify as ENERGY 
STAR—even  though  the  average  is  98  watts—  because  one  of  the  values  (105) 
exceeds the ENERGY STAR specification. 

(f)  Luminance  Test  Patterns  and  Procedures:  For  CRT  monitors,  the  technician 
shall  initiate  the  AT01P  (Alignment  Target  01  Positive  Mode)  pattern  (VESA 
FPDM  Standard  2.0,  A112-2F,  AT01P)  for  screen  size  and  use  it  to  set  the 
computer  monitor  to  the  manufacturer’s  recommended  image  size,  which  is 
typically slightly smaller than maximum viewable screen size. Then, test pattern 
(VESA  FPDM  Standard  2.0,  A112-2F,  SET01K)  shall  be  displayed  that 
provides eight shades of gray from full black (0 volts) to full white (0.7 volts).15 
Input  signal  levels  shall  conform  to  VESA  Video  Signal  Standard  (VSIS), 
Version  1.0,  Rev.  2.0,  December  2002.  The  technician  shall  adjust  (where 
feasible) the computer monitor brightness control downward from its maximum 
until the lowest black bar luminance level is just slightly visible (VESA FPDM 
Standard 2.0, Section 301-3K). The technician shall then display a test pattern 
(VESA  FPDM  Standard  2.0,  A112-2H,  L80)  that  provides  a  full  white  (0.7 
volts) box that occupies 80% of the image. The technician shall then adjust the 
contrast control until the white area of the screen provides at least 100 candelas 
per square meter of luminance, measured according to VESA FPDM Standard 
2.0, Section 302-1. 

For all Fixed Pixel displays (e.g., LCDs and others), test pattern (VESA FPDM 
Standard 2.0, A112-2F, SET01K) shall be displayed that provides eight shades 
of  gray  from  full  black  (0  volts)  to  full  white  (0.7  volts).2  Input  signal  levels 
shall  conform  to  VESA  Video  Signal  Standard  (VSIS),  Version  1.0,  Rev.  2.0, 
December  2002.  With  the  brightness  and  contrast  controls  at  maximum,  the 

15 

Corresponding voltage values for digital only interface monitors that correspond to the brightness of the 
image (0 to 0.7 volts) are: 
0 volts (black) = a setting of 0 
0.1 volts (darkest shade of gray analogue) = 36 digital gray 
0.7 volts (full white analogue) = 255 digital gray 
Please note that future digital interface specifications may widen this range, but in all cases, 0 volts shall 
correspond  to  black  and  the  maximum  value  shall  correspond  to  white,  with  0.1  white  volts 
corresponding to one-seventh of the maximum value. 

EN 

34 

   EN 

 
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
technician shall check that, at a minimum, the white and near white gray levels 
can  be  distinguished.  If  white  and  near  white  gray  levels  cannot  be 
distinguished,  then  contrast  shall  be  adjusted  until  they  can  be  distinguished. 
The  technician  shall  next  display  a  test  pattern  (VESA  FPDM  Standard  2.0, 
A112-2H, L80) that provides a full white (0.7 volts) box that occupies 80% of 
the image. The technician shall then adjust the brightness control until the white 
area of the screen provides at least 175 candelas per square meter of luminance, 
measured according to VESA FPDM Standard 2.0, Section 302-1. [If computer 
monitor’s maximum luminance is less than 175 candelas per square meter (e.g., 
150),  then  technician  shall  use  the  maximum  luminance  (e.g.,  150)  and  report 
the  value  to  EPA  with  other  required  testing  documentation.  Similarly,  if  the 
computer monitor’s minimum luminance is greater than 175 candelas per square 
meter (e.g., 200), then technician shall use the minimum luminance (e.g., 200) 
and report the value on the ENERGY STAR QPI form. 

(g)  Light  Measurement  Protocols:  When  light  measurements,  such  as  illuminance 
and  luminance,  need  to  be  made,  a  LMD  shall  be  used  with  the  computer 
monitor  located  in  dark  room  conditions.  The  LMD  shall  be  used  to  make 
measurements  at  the  center  of,  and  perpendicular  to  the  computer  monitor 
screen  (Reference  VESA  FPDM  Standard  2.0,  Appendix  A115).  The  screen 
surface area to be measured shall cover at least 500 pixels, unless this exceeds 
the  equivalent  of  a  rectangular  area  with  sides  of  lengths  equal  to  10%  of  the 
visible  screen  height  and  width  (in  which  case  this  latter  limit  applies). 
However, in no case may the illuminated area be smaller than the area the LMD 
is measuring (Reference VESA FPDM Standard 2.0, Section 301-2H). 

(h)  Display  Set-up  and  Characterization:  The  computer  monitor  test  sample 
characteristics  shall  be  recorded  prior  to  the  test.  The  following  information 
shall be recorded at a minimum: 

Product  Description/Category  (e.g.,  17-inch  computer 
monitor with white housing) 

Display Technology (e.g., CRT, LCD, Plasma) 

Brand Name/Manufacturer 

Model Number 

Serial Number 

Rated Voltage (VAC) and Frequency (Hz) 

Viewable Diagonal Size (inches) 

Aspect Ratio (e.g., 4:3) 

Recommended  Image  Size  (actual  size  tested)  Width  X 
Height 

Viewing Angle (horizontal and vertical degrees) 

EN 

35 

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Screen Refresh Rate (during test) (Hz) 

Number of Pixels as Tested (horizontal) 

Number of Pixels as Tested (vertical) 

Maximum Claimed Resolution (horizontal) 

Maximum Claimed Resolution (vertical) 

Analog, Digital, or Both Interfaces 

Instrumentation 
generator) 

Information 

(e.g., 

type  of 

signal 

2. 

Product Testing Methodology 

(a)  Test  Method:  Following  are  the  test  steps  for  measuring  the  true  power 
requirements  of  the  test  unit  in  On  Mode/Active  Power,  Sleep  Mode/Low 
Power,  and  Off  Mode/Standby  Power.  Manufacturers  are  required  to  test  their 
computer monitors using the analog interface, except in those cases where one 
is not provided (i.e., digital interface monitors, which are defined as only having 
a  digital  interface  for  purposes  of  this  test  method).  For  digital  interface 
monitors, please see Footnote 8 for voltage information and then follow the test 
method below using a digital signal generator. 

(i)  On Mode/Active Power 

(a)  Connect  the  test  sample  to  the  outlet  or  power  source  and  test 
equipment. For computer  monitors  shipped with an  external power 
supply, the external power supply (as opposed to a reference power 
supply) must be used in the test. 

(b)  Power  on  all  test  equipment  and  properly  adjust  power  source 

voltage and frequency. 

(c)  Check  for  normal  operation  of  the  test  unit  and  leave  all  customer 

adjustments set to factory default settings. 

(d)  Bring the test unit into On Mode/Active Power  either by using  the 
remote  control  device  or  by  using  the  ON/OFF  switch  on  the  test 
unit  cabinet.  Allow  the  unit  under  test  to  reach  operating 
temperature (approximately 20 minutes). 

(e)  Set  the  proper  display  mode.  Refer  to  Section  II.D.1(d),  Power 

Measurement Test Conditions. 

(f) 

Provide  dark  room  conditions.  See  Sections  II.D.1(g),  Light 
Measurement Protocols, and B, Dark Room Conditions.  

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(g)  Set size and luminance. Refer to Section II.D.1(f), Luminance Test 
Patterns  and  Procedures  for  CRT  or  Fixed  Pixel  displays.  Once 
luminance is set, dark room conditions are no longer needed. 

(h)  Either  verify  that  the  wall  outlet  power  is  within  specifications  or 
adjust the AC power source output as described in Section II.D.1(a) 
(e.g., 115V ± 1%, 60Hz ± 1%). 

(i) 

Set  the  power  meter  current  range.  The  full-scale  value  selected 
multiplied by the crest factor rating (Ipeak/Irms) of the meter must 
be greater than the peak current reading from the oscilloscope. 

(j)  Allow the readings on the power meter to stabilize and then take the 
true  power  reading  in  watts  from  the  power  meter.  Measurements 
are considered stable if the wattage reading does not vary more than 
1%  over  the  three-minute  period.  See  Section  II.D.1(e),  Power 
Measurement Protocols. 

(k)  Power consumption shall be recorded, as well as total pixel format 
(horizontal x vertical pixels displayed), to calculate pixels/watt. 

(l)  Record the test conditions and test data. 

(ii)  Sleep Mode/Low Power (Power Switch On, No Video Signal) 

(a)  At  the  conclusion  of  the  On  Mode/Active  Power  test,  initiate  the 
computer  monitor’s  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power.  The  method  of 
adjustment  shall be documented along with the sequence of events 
required  to  reach  the  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power.  Power  on  all  test 
equipment and properly adjust operation range. 

(b)  Allow  the  computer  monitor  to  remain  in  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power 
until  stable  power  readings  are  measured.  Measurements  are 
considered stable if the wattage reading does not vary more than 1% 
over  the  three-minute  period.  Manufacturers  shall  ignore  the  input 
sync  signal  check  cycle  when  metering  the  model  in  Sleep 
Mode/Low Power. 

(c)  Record the test conditions and test data. The measurement time shall 
be  sufficiently  long  to  measure  the  correct  average  value  (i.e.,  not 
peak  or  instantaneous  power).  If  the  device  has  different  Sleep 
Modes  that  can  be  manually  selected,  the  measurement  should  be 
taken  with  the  device  in  the  most  energy  consumptive  of  those 
modes.  If  the  modes  are  cycled  through  automatically,  the 
measurement  time  should  be  long  enough  to  obtain  a  true  average 
that includes all modes. 

(iii)  Off Mode/Standby Power (Power Switch Off) 

(a)  At  the  conclusion  of  the  Sleep  Mode/Low  Power  test,  initiate  the 
computer  monitor’s  Off  Mode/Standby  Power.  If  only  one  power 
switch is provided (i.e., a soft off or a hard off), press that switch; if 

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two  power  switches  are  provided  (i.e.,  a  soft  off  AND  a  hard  off), 
press  the  soft  off  switch.  The  method  of  adjustment  shall  be 
documented along with the sequence of events required to reach the 
Off Mode/Standby Power. Power on all test equipment and properly 
adjust operation range. 

(b)  Allow the computer monitor to remain in Off Mode/Standby Power 
until  stable  power  readings  are  measured.  Measurements  are 
considered stable if the wattage reading does not vary more than 1% 
over  the  three-minute  period.  Manufacturers  shall  ignore  the  input 
sync  signal  check  cycle  when  metering 
in  Off 
Mode/Standby Power. 

the  model 

(c)  Record the test conditions and test data. The measurement time shall 
be  sufficiently  long  to  measure  the  correct  average  value  (i.e.,  not 
peak or instantaneous power). 

3. 

Product Testing Documentation 

Submittal  of  Qualified  Product  Data:  Partners  are  required  to  self-certify  those 
product  models  that  meet  the  Energy  Star  guidelines  and  report  information  on  an 
ENERGY  STAR  QPI  form.  ENERGY  STAR  qualifying  product  data,  including 
information about new as well as discontinued models, must be provided on an annual 
basis, or more frequently if desired by the manufacturer. 

E. 

User Interface 

Manufacturers  are  strongly  recommended  to  design  products  in  accordance  with  the  user 
interface  standards  being  developed  by  the  Power  Management  Controls  project  to  make 
power controls more consistent and intuitive across all electronic devices. For details on this 
project, see http://eetd.LBL.gov/Controls. 

III. PRINTER, FAX MACHINE, AND MAILING MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS 

The following Printer, Fax Machine, and Mailing Machine Specifications shall be applicable 
until 31 March 2007. 

A. 

1. 

2. 

16 

Definitions 

Printer:  Imaging  equipment,  manufactured  as  a  standard  model,  that  serves  as  a 
hard-copy output device, and is capable of receiving information from single-user or 
networked computers. In addition, the unit must be capable of being powered from a 
wall outlet. This definition is intended to cover products that are advertised and sold 
as printers including printers that can be upgraded to a multifunction device (MFD).16 

Fax Machine: Imaging equipment, manufactured as a standard model, that serves as a 
hard copy output device whose primary function is sending and receiving information. 
Plain paper fax machines are covered under this Specification (e.g., ink jet/bubble jet, 

Note that once a printer base unit is upgraded to an MFD (for example, a photocopier unit is added ), the 
entire product must qualify according to the ENERGY STAR MFD Specification in order for the product 
to remain ENERGY STAR qualified 

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3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

laser/LED, and thermal transfer). The unit must be capable of being powered from a 
wall outlet. This definition is intended to cover products that are advertised and sold 
as fax machines. 

Combination  Printer/Fax  Machine:  Imaging  equipment  manufactured  as  a  standard 
model that serves as both a fully-functional printer and fax machine, as defined above. 
This  definition  is  intended  to  cover  products  that  are  marketed  and  sold  as  a 
combination printer/fax device. 

Mailing  Machine:  Imaging  equipment  that  serves  to  print  postage  onto  mail  pieces. 
The  unit  must  be  capable  of  being  powered  from  a  wall  outlet.  This  definition  is 
intended to cover products that are advertised and sold as mailing machines. 

Print  Speed:  Pages  per  minute  (ppm)  measures  the  printing  speed  of  a  model.  Print 
speed corresponds to the product’s print speed as advertised by Program Participant. 
For Line Printers (e.g., dot matrix/impact printers), print speed is based on the method 
established in ISO 10561. 

For wide format printers designed to handle primarily A2 or 17"x32" paper or larger, 
the  print  speed  is  specified  in  terms  of  monochrome  text  output  at  the  default 
resolution.  The  print  speed  measured  as  A2  or  A0-sized  prints  per  minute,  shall  be 
converted  into  A4-sized  print  speeds  as  follows:  (a)  One  A2  print  per  minute  is 
equivalent to four A4 prints per minute; (b) One A0 print per minute is equivalent to 
16 A4 prints per minute. 

For  mailing  machines,  pages  per  minute  (ppm)  are  considered  equivalent  to  mail 
pieces per minute (ppm). 

Accessory:  A  piece  of  additional  equipment  that  is  not  necessary  for  the  standard 
operation  of  the  base  unit,  but  may  be  added  before  or  after  shipping  in  order  to 
enhance  or  change  printer  performance.  Examples  of  accessories  include  finishers, 
sorters, additional paper supply devices, and duplex units. An accessory may be sold 
separately under its own model number, or sold with a base unit as part of a printer. 

Active Mode: The condition (or mode) in which the product is producing hard copy 
output or receiving hard copy input. The power requirement in this mode is typically 
greater than the power requirement in standby mode. 

Standby Mode: The condition that exists when the product is not producing hard copy 
output or receiving hard copy input and is consuming less power than when producing 
such  output  or  receiving  such  input.  The  transition  from  Standby  Mode  to  Active 
Mode should cause no noticeable delay in the production of hard copy output. 

Sleep  Mode: The condition that exists when the product is not producing hard copy 
output  or  receiving  hard  copy  input  and  is  consuming  less  power  than  when  in 
standby mode. In the transition from Sleep Mode to Active Mode, there may be some 
delay  in  the  production  of  hard  copy  output,  however  there  shall  be  no  delay  in  the 
acceptance of information from a network or other input sources. The product enters 
this mode within a specified time period after the last hard copy output was produced. 

10. 

Default Time To Sleep Mode: The time period set by the Program Participant prior to 
shipping  that  determines  when  the  product  will  enter  the  Sleep  Mode.  The  default 

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11. 

12. 

13. 

B. 

1. 

time  shall  be  measured  from  the  time  that  the  last  piece  of  hard  copy  output  was 
produced. 

Duplexing:  The  process  of  producing  text,  an  image,  or  a  combination  of  text  and 
image on both sides of a single sheet of paper. 

Standard  Model:  The  term  used  to  describe  a  product  and  its  bundled  features  as 
marketed  and  sold  by  the  Program  Participant  and  as  manufactured  for  its  intended 
use. 

Wake  Event:  As  used  in  this  agreement,  a  “wake  event”  is  defined  as  a  user, 
programmed, or external event or stimulus that causes the unit to transition from its 
standby or Sleep Mode to its active mode of operation. A "wake event" as defined in 
this  Specification  does  not  include  network  related  polling  queries  or  "pings"  that 
commonly occur in network environments. 

Product Qualification for ENERGY STAR 

Technical Specifications 

(a)  Sleep  Mode:  ENERGY  STAR  Program  Participant  agrees  that  only  those 
products that are capable of entering a Sleep Mode after a period of inactivity or 
maintain a level of power consumption at or below the levels of power specified 
in Tables 3 through 8 (below), may qualify as ENERGY STAR. 

(b)  Default Time: ENERGY STAR Program Participant agrees to set the product’s 
default  time  to  activate  the  Sleep  Mode  within  the  time  specified  in  Tables  3 
through 8 (below) from the completion of the last job (e.g., from the time that 
the last piece of hard copy output was produced). Program Participant also shall 
ship products with the default time for the Sleep Mode set to the levels specified 
in Tables 3 through 8 (below). 

(c)  Network Functionality: ENERGY STAR Program Participant agrees to qualify 
products  as  they  are  intended  to  be  used  (Section  III.A.12  above)  by  the 
end-user, particularly products intended to be connected to a network. ENERGY 
STAR Program Participant agrees that all products marketed, advertised, or sold 
as network-capable must meet the ENERGY STAR specifications (below) when 
configured as network-ready (i.e., with network functionality). 

(i) 

(ii) 

If  the  product  is  shipped  with  the  capability  to  be  on  a  network,  it  shall 
have the ability to enter a Sleep Mode while on the network. 

If the product has the capability to be on a network, it shall retain in Sleep 
Mode  its  ability  to  respond  to  wake  events  directed  or  targeted  to  the 
product while on a network. 

(d)  Duplexing:  For  all  standard-size  printers  above  10  ppm  in  which  a  duplexing 
unit  is  installed,  it  is  recommended  that  ENERGY  STAR  Program  Participant 
educate  its  customers  about  using  their  printers  with  duplex  set  as  the  default 
printing  mode.  Education  may  consist  of  information  about  the  appropriate 
printer  driver  and  print  menu  setup  in  the  product  manuals,  or  by  providing 
specific instructions about the printer driver when a duplexing unit is installed. 

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(e)  Detailed Specifications: ENERGY STAR Program Participant agrees to qualify 

products according to the following specifications: 

TABLE 3 

Stand Alone Fax Machines (designed to accommodate primarily A4 or 8.5" x 11" sized paper) 

Product Speed In 

Sleep Mode (Watts)  Default Time To Sleep Mode

Pages Per Minute 

(ppm) 

0 < ppm ≤ 10 

10 < ppm 

≤ 10 

≤ 15 

≤ 5 minutes 

≤ 5 minutes 

TABLE 4 

Mailing Machines 

Product Speed In Mail 

Sleep Mode (Watts)  Default Time To Sleep Mode

Pieces Per Minute 

(mppm) 

0 < mppm ≤ 50 mppm 

≤ 10 

≤ 20 minutes 

50 < ppm ≤ 100 mppm 

≤ 30 

≤ 30 minutes 

100 < mppm ≤ 150 mppm 

150 < mppm 

≤ 50 

≤ 85 

≤ 40 minutes 

≤ 60 minutes 

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TABLE 5 

Standard Size Printers and Printer/Fax Combinations* 

(designed to accommodate primarily A3, A4, or 8.5" x 11" sized paper) 

Product Speed In 

Sleep Mode (Watts)17 Default Time To Sleep Mode

Pages Per Minute 

(ppm) 

0 < ppm ≤ 10 

10 < ppm ≤ 20 

20 < ppm ≤ 30 

30 < ppm ≤ 44 

44 < ppm 

≤ 10 

≤ 20 

≤ 30 

≤ 40 

≤ 75 

≤ 5 minutes 

≤ 15 minutes 

≤ 30 minutes 

≤ 60 minutes 

≤ 60 minutes 

* Including monochrome electrophotography, monochrome thermal transfer, and monochrome 
and color ink jet. 

TABLE 6 

Impact Printers designed to accommodate primarily A3 paper  

Sleep Mode (Watts) Default Time To 

Sleep Mode 

≤ 28 

≤ 30 minutes 

17 

For  printers  that  utilize  a  functionally  integrated  computer,  whether  contained  within  or  outside  of  the 
printer cabinet, the power consumption of the computer does not have to be included when determining 
the  Sleep  Mode  value  of  the  printer  unit.  However,  the  integration  of  the  computer  must  not  interfere 
with the ability of the printer to enter or exit its Sleep Mode state. This provision is conditioned upon the 
manufacturer agreeing to provide potential customers with product literature that clearly states that the 
power consumption by the integrated computer is in addition to the power consumer by the printer unit, 
especially when the printer unit is in Sleep Mode. 

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TABLE 7 

Large/Wide-Format Printers  

(designed to accommodate primarily A2 or 17" x 22", or larger paper) 

Product Speed In 

Sleep Mode (Watts)  Default Time To Sleep Mode

Pages Per Minute 

(ppm) 

0 < ppm ≤ 10 

10 < ppm ≤ 40 

≤ 35 

≤ 65 

≤ 30 minutes 

≤ 30 minutes 

40 < ppm 

≤ 100 

≤ 90 minutes 

TABLE 8 

Color Printers*  

(designed to accommodate primarily A3, A4, or 8.5" x 11" sized paper) 

Product Speed In Color 

Sleep Mode (Watts)  Default Time To Sleep Mode

Pages Per Minute 

(ppm) 

0 < ppm ≤ 10 

10 < ppm ≤ 20 

20 < ppm 

≤ 35 

≤ 45 

≤ 70 

≤ 30 minutes 

≤ 60 minutes 

≤ 60 minutes 

* Including color electrophotography and color thermal transfer. 

2. 

Exceptions and Clarifications 

After  shipping,  the  ENERGY  STAR  Program  Participant  or  its  designated  service 
representative shall not alter the models covered by this Specification in any way that 
will  affect  the  products’  ability  to  meet  the  specifications  outlined  above.  Two 
exceptions follow: 

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(a)  Default  Times:  After  shipping,  the  ENERGY  STAR  Program  Participant, 
designated service representative, or customer may change the default times for 
the Sleep Mode, up to a factory-set maximum of 240 minutes. If a manufacturer 
chooses to design products with more than one power management mode, then 
the combined total of the default times shall not exceed 240 minutes. 

(b)  Disabling  the  Sleep  Mode:  In  an  individual  case  where  the  Sleep  Mode  is 
causing  a  customer  sizeable  inconvenience  due  to  his/her  particular  usage 
patterns, the Program Participant, designated service representative, or customer 
may  disable  this  Sleep  Mode  feature.  If  the  Program  Participant  chooses  to 
design  its  product  models  to  allow  the  customer  to  disable  the  Sleep  Mode 
feature, then the disable option shall be accessed in a manner different from the 
time settings. E.g., if a software menu provides Sleep Mode delay times of 15, 
30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes, then "disable" or "off" shall not be a choice in 
this menu. It shall be a hidden (or less obvious) choice or included in a different 
menu. 

Test Guidelines 

Test  Conditions:  Outlined  below  are  the  ambient  test  conditions  which  should  be 
established when performing the power measurement. These are necessary in order to 
ensure  that  outside  factors  do  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  can  be 
reproduced later. 

Line Impedance: < 0.25 ohm 

Total Harmonic Distortion: < 5% 

(Voltage) 

Ambient Temperature: 25 deg. C +/- 3 deg. C 

Input AC Voltage: 115 VAC RMS +/- 5 V RMS 

Input AC Frequency: 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

Testing Equipment: The provisions of Section I.C.2 apply. 

Test Method: The provisions of Section I.C.3 apply. 

IV. COPIER SPECIFICATIONS 

C. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

The following Copier Specifications shall be applicable until 31 March 2007. 

A. 

1. 

Definitions 

Copier:  A  commercial  reprographic  imaging  unit  whose  sole  function  is  the 
production of duplicates from a graphic hard copy original. A copier must include a 
marking  system,  an  imaging  system,  and  a  paper  handling  module.  All  black  and 
white plain paper copier technologies are covered under this Specification, though the 
intent is to focus on widely-used standard copier equipment such as light lens copiers. 
The Specifications outlined below apply to standard-sized copiers designed to handle 

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A4 or 8.5" x 11" paper and large format copiers designed to handle A2 or 17" x 22" 
paper or larger. 

2. 

Copier  Speed:  Copies  per  minute  (cpm)  measures  the  reproduction  speed  of  the 
copier. One copy is defined as one 8.5" x 11" or A4-sized page. Double-sided copies 
are considered as two images and therefore two copies even though they are copied 
onto one piece of paper. For all copier models sold in the U.S. market, measurement 
of  copier  speed  shall  be  based  on  8.5"  x  11"  letter-sized  paper.  For  copiers  sold  in 
markets  other  than  the  U.S.,  copier  speed  shall  be  based  on  either  8.5"  x  11"  or 
A4-sized paper, depending on which is standard in a particular market. 

For large format copiers designed to handle primarily A2 or 17" x 22" paper or larger, 
the copier speed measured as A2- or A0-sized copies per minute shall be converted to 
A4-sized copier speeds as follows: (a) One A2 copy per minute is equivalent to four 
A4 copies per minute, and (b) One A0 copy per minute is equivalent to 16 A4 copies 
per minute. 

Copiers qualified as ENERGY STAR shall be divided into five categories: low speed 
standard-sized  copiers,  medium 
speed 
standard-sized  copiers,  low  speed  large  format  copiers,  and  medium  and  high  speed 
large format copiers. 

speed  standard-sized  copiers,  high 

(a)  Low Speed Standard-Sized Copiers: Copiers with an engine speed for producing 

multiple images of 20 copies per minute or less. 

(b)  Medium  Speed  Standard-Sized  Copiers:  Copiers  with  an  engine  speed  for 
producing multiple images of greater than 20 and less than or equal to 44 copies 
per minute. 

(c)  High  Speed  Standard-Sized  Copiers:  Copiers  with  an  engine  speed  for 

producing multiple images of greater than 44 copies per minute. 

(d)  Low Speed Large Format Copiers: Copiers with an engine speed for producing 
multiple images of 40 copies per minute or less (expressed as A4-sized copies 
per minute). 

(e)  Medium and High Speed Large Format Copiers: Copiers with an engine speed 
for producing multiple images of greater than 40 copies per minute (expressed 
as A4-sized copies per minute). 

Base Unit: For a given engine speed, the base unit is defined as the most basic version 
of a copier that is actually sold as a fully operational model. The base unit is typically 
designed  and  shipped  in  a  single  piece,  and  does  not  include  any  external 
power-consuming accessories that may be sold separately. 

Accessory:  A  piece  of  additional  equipment  that  is  not  necessary  for  the  standard 
operation of the base unit, but that may be added before or after shipping in order to 
enhance or change copier performance. An accessory may be sold separately under its 
own  model  number,  or  sold  with  a  base  unit  as  part  of  a  copier  package  or 
configuration. Examples of accessories include: sorters, large capacity paper feeders, 
etc.  It  is  assumed  that  the  addition  of  an  accessory,  irrespective  of  its  own  power 
consumption,  will  not  substantially  increase  (more  than  10  percent)  the  off  mode 

3. 

4. 

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5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

18 

power  consumption  of  the  base  unit.  Any  accessories  shall  not  impede  the  normal 
operation of the auto-off and low-power features. 

Copier Model: For purposes of this Specification, a copier model is defined as a base 
unit  and  one  or  more  specific  accessories  that  are  advertised  and  sold  to  consumers 
under  a  single  model  number.  When  advertised  and  sold  to  consumers  without  any 
additional accessories, a base unit is also considered a copier model. 

Low-Power  Mode:  For  purposes  of  this  Specification,  the  low-power  mode  is  the 
lowest  power  state  the  copier  can  automatically  enter  within  some  period  of  copier 
inactivity, without actually turning off. The copier enters this mode within a specified 
period of time after the last copy was made. For purposes of determining the power 
consumption in this low-power mode, the company may choose to measure the lowest 
of either the energy-saver mode or the standby mode. 

Energy-Saver  Mode:  The  condition  that  exists  when  the  machine  is  not  making 
copies, has previously reached operating conditions but is consuming less power than 
when the machine is in stand-by mode. When the copier is in this mode, there may be 
some delay before the copier will be capable of making the next copy. 

Standby Mode: The condition that exists when the machine is not making copies, has 
reached operating conditions and is ready to make a copy, but has not yet entered into 
energy-saver mode. When the copier is in this mode, there will be virtually no delay 
before the copier is capable of making the next copy. 

Off Mode: For purposes of this Specification, the off mode is defined as the condition 
that  exists  when  the  copier  is  connected  to  an  appropriate  electrical  source,  and  has 
been recently shut off via the auto-off feature.18When measuring power in this mode, 
control equipment for remote servicing may be excluded. 

Auto-off Feature: For purposes of this Specification, the auto-off feature is defined as 
the  ability for the  copier to automatically  shut  itself  off  within  a  specified  period  of 
time after the last copy was made. The copier shall automatically enter its off mode 
after execution of this feature. 

Plug-in  Mode:  The  condition  that  exists  when  the  machine  is  connected  to  an 
appropriate  electrical  source  and  is  not  turned  on.  To  turn  the  copier  on,  the  user 
typically needs to manually restart the copier via the on/off switch. 

Default Times: The time period set by the Program Participant prior to shipping that 
determines when the copier will enter its various modes, i.e., the low-power mode, the 
off mode, etc. Both the off mode default times and the low-power mode default times 
shall be measured from the time the last copy was made. 

Section VII.B.1 of this Specification contains maximum power consumption targets for the off-mode. It 
is expected that most companies will meet these off-mode power consumption targets by incorporating 
an  auto-off  feature  in  the  copier.  However,  it  is  possible  and  allowable  under  this  Specification  for  a 
manufacturer to utilize a low-power mode, rather than and auto-off feature if the low-power mode power 
consumption  is  equal  to  or  less  than  the  off-mode  power  consumption  targets  contained  in  this 
Specification. (See Test Guidelines for more information on this issue.) 

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13. 

14. 

15. 

B. 

1. 

Recovery  Time:  The  amount  of  time  needed  to  bring  the  copier  from  a  low-power 
mode to the standby mode. 

Automatic Duplex Mode: The mode in which the copier automatically places images 
on both sides of a copy sheet, by automatically sending both the copy sheet and the 
graphic  original  through  the  copier  model.  Examples  of  this  are  one-sided  to 
two-sided  copying,  or  two-sided  to  two-sided  copying.  For  purposes  of  this 
Specification, a copier model is considered to have an automatic duplex mode only if 
the copier model includes all accessories needed to satisfy the above conditions, i.e., 
an automatic document feeder and accessories for automatic duplexing capabilities. 

Weekly  Timer:  An  internal  device  that  turns  a  copier  on  and  off  at  predetermined 
times  each  business  day.  When  programming  a  timer,  the  customer  shall  be  able  to 
distinguish between business days and weekends/holidays (i.e., a timer shall not turn 
on a  copier on Saturday  and  Sunday mornings if employees are  not normally in the 
office  on  weekends).  The  customer  shall  also  have  the  ability  to  disable  the  timer. 
Weekly  timers  are  optional  features,  and  therefore  are  not  required  on  Energy  Star 
compliant copiers. If included in copier models, weekly timers shall not conflict with 
the functioning of the low-power and auto-off features. 

Product Qualification for ENERGY STAR 

Technical Specifications 

To qualify for ENERGY STAR, a copier shall meet the Specifications outlined below: 

TABLE 9 

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Copiers 

Copier Speed 
(copies per 
minute) 

Low-Power Mode 

(Watts) 

Low-Power 
Default 
Time 

Recovery Time 
30 seconds 

Off Mode 

Off Mode 
Default Time

Automatic 
Duplex Mode

(Watts) 

0 < cpm < 20 

None 

NA 

20 < cpm < 44 

3.85 x cpm + 5 

15 min. 

NA 

Yes 

< 5 

< 30 min 

No 

< 15 

< 60 min 

Optional 

44 < cpm 

3.85 x cpm + 5 

15 min. 

Recommended 

< 20 

< 90 min 

Optional 

LARGE FORMAT COPIERS 

0 < cpm < 40 

NA 

NA 

NA 

< 10 

< 30 min. 

40 < cpm 

3.85 x cpm + 5 

15 min. 

Recommended 

< 20 

< 90 min. 

No 

No 

Program  Participant  shall  set  the  default  times  for  the  auto-off  feature  to  the  levels 
specified in the Table above. The default times for the off mode and the low-power 
mode shall be measured from the time the last copy was made. 

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For all copier speeds where it is optional that the duplex mode be set as the default, if 
a model is shipped with automatic duplexing capabilities, then it is recommended that 
duplexing be set as the default mode. Program Participant may provide users with the 
ability to override this default duplex mode for single-sided copies. 

2. 

Exceptions and Clarifications 

After shipping, Program Participant or its designated service representative shall not 
alter  the  copier  model  in  any  way  that  will  affect  the  copier's  ability  to  meet  the 
specifications outlined above. Certain exceptions are allowed in changing the default 
times,  the  off  mode  specifications,  and  the  duplex  mode.  These  exceptions  are  as 
follows: 

(a)  Default  Times:  After  shipping,  the  Program  Participant,  designated  service 
representative,  or  customer  may  change  the  default  times  for  either  the 
low-power  mode  and/or  off  mode,  but  only  up  to  a  Program  Participant  set 
maximum of 240 minutes (i.e., the combined total for off mode and low-power 
mode default times shall not exceed 240 minutes). 

(b)  Off Mode Power Consumption: In some cases, Program Participant may need to 
ship a copier model with the anti-humidity device disconnected in order to meet 
off mode power requirements. If this situation leads to sizable inconvenience for 
a  specific  customer,  Program  Participant 
the  designated  service 
representative)  may  connect  the  anti-humidity  device.  If  Program  Participant 
determines  that  in  a  certain  geographical  area  there  are  chronic  reliability 
problems associated with high humidity levels, Program Participant may contact 
the  EPA  program  manager  and  discuss  alternative  solutions.  Program 
Participants in the European Community Member States Territory may contact 
the  European  Commission.  For  example,  EPA  or  the  European  Commission 
may  allow  Program  Participant  to  connect  the  anti-humidity  devices  in  copier 
models that are shipped to a very humid geographical area. 

(or 

(c)  Disabling the Auto-Off Feature: In an individual case where the auto-off feature 
is  causing  a  customer  sizable  inconvenience  due  to  his/her  particular  usage 
patterns, the Program Participant, designated service representative, or customer 
may  disable  this  auto-off  feature.  If  Program  Participant  chooses  to  design  its 
copier  models  to  allow  the  customer  to  disable  the  auto-off  feature,  then  the 
disable  option  shall  be  accessed  in  a  manner  different  from  the  time  settings. 
(e.g., if a software menu provides off-mode delay times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 
240 minutes, then "disable" or "off" shall not be a choice in this menu. It shall 
be a hidden (or less obvious) choice, or included in a different menu.). 

C. 

1. 

Test Guidelines 

Test  Conditions:  Outlined  below  are  the  ambient  test  conditions  which  should  be 
established when performing the power measurement. These are necessary in order to 
ensure  that  outside  factors  do  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  can  be 
reproduced later. 

Line Impedance: < 0.25 ohm 

Total Harmonic Distortion: < 3% 

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Ambient Temperature: 21 deg. C +/- 3 deg. C 

Relative Humidity: 40 -60% 

Distance From Wall: 2 ft. min. 

Other Market-Specific Criteria: 

Market 

Paper Size 

Voltage/ Frequency 

United States 

8.5" x 11" 

115 V RMS +/- 5 V 

Europe 

Japan 

A4 

A4 

60 Hz +/- 3Hz 

230 V RMS +/- 10 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

100 V RMS +/- 5 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz and 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

200 V RMS +/- 10 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz and 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

2. 

3. 

Testing Equipment: The provisions of Section I.C 2 apply. 

Test Method: The provisions of Section I.C.3 apply. 

V. SCANNER SPECIFICATIONS 

The following Scanner Specifications shall be applicable until 31 March 2007. 

A. 

1. 

Definitions 

Scanner: For purposes of this Specification, a scanner is defined as an electro-optical 
device for converting color or black-and-white information into electronic images that 
can  be  stored,  edited,  converted,  or  transmitted  primarily  in  a  personal  computing 
environment.  Scanners  defined  as  such  are  typically  used  for  digitizing  hard-copy 
images. The intent of this Specification is to focus on widely-used desktop scanners 
(e.g.,  flatbed,  sheet-fed,  and  film  scanners);  however,  high-end  office  document 
management scanners that meet the specifications outlined below may qualify for the 
Energy  Star  logo.  This  Specification  is  for  stand-alone  scanners;  it  does  not  cover 
multifunction  products  with  scanning  capabilities,  network  scanners  (i.e.,  scanners 
that  connect  exclusively  to  a  network  and  are  capable  of  managing  the  scanned 
information for transmissions to multiple locations on the network), or scanners that 
are not powered directly by the building power supply. 

2. 

Base  Unit:  The  base  unit  is  defined  as  the  most  basic  version  of  a  scanner  that  is 
actually  sold  as  a  fully  operational  model.  The  base  unit  is  typically  designed  and 

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3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

shipped  in  a  single  piece,  and  does  not  include  any  external  power-consuming 
accessories that may be sold separately. 

Scanner  Model:  For  purposes  of  this  Specification,  a  scanner  model  is  defined  as  a 
base  unit  and  one  or  more  specific  accessories  that  are  advertised  and  sold  to 
consumers  under  a  single  model  number.  When  advertised  and  sold  to  consumers 
without any additional accessories, a base unit is also considered a scanner model. 

Accessory: Any piece of additional equipment that is not necessary for the standard 
operation of the scanner, but that may be added in order to enhance or change scanner 
performance.  An  accessory  may  be  sold  separately  under  its  own  model  number,  or 
sold  with  a  base  unit  as  part  of  a  scanner  package  or  configuration.  Examples  of 
accessories include automatic document feeders (ADFs) and transparency adaptors. 

Low-power  Mode:  For  purposes  of  this  Specification,  the  low-power  mode  is  the 
lowest  power  state  the  scanner  is  designed  to  enter  after  some  period  of  inactivity, 
without actually turning off. The scanner enters this mode within a specified period of 
time after the last image was scanned. 

Default  Time:  The  time  period  set  by  the  Program  Participant  prior  to  shipping  that 
determines  when  the  scanner  will  enter  the  low-power  mode.  The  low-power  mode 
default time shall be measured from the time the last image was scanned. 

B. 

Product Qualification for ENERGY STAR 

Technical  Specifications:  Program  Participant  agrees  to  introduce  one  or  more  specific  base 
units that meet the specifications outlined below. 

TABLE 10 

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Scanners 

Low-power Mode 

Low-power Mode Default Time 

≤ 12 watts 

≤ 15 minutes 

C. 

1. 

Test Guidelines 

Test  Conditions:  Outlined  below  are  the  ambient  test  conditions  which  should  be 
established when performing the power measurement. These are necessary in order to 
ensure  that  outside  factors  do  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  can  be 
reproduced later. 

Line Impedance: < 0.25 ohm 

Total Harmonic Distortion: < 5% 

Ambient Temperature: 25 deg. C +/- 3 deg. C 

Input AC Voltage: 115 VAC RMS +/- 5 V RMS 

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Input AC Frequency: 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

2. 

3. 

Testing Equipment: The provisions of Section I.C.2 apply.  

Test Method: The provisions of Section I.C.3 apply. 

VI. MULTIFUNCTION DEVICE SPECIFICATIONS 

The following Multi-function Device Specifications shall be applicable until 31 March 2007. 

A. 

1. 

Definitions 

Multifunction  Device:  A  Multifunction  Device  (MFD)  is  a  physically  integrated 
device  or  a  combination  of  functionally  integrated  components  (the  "base  unit",  see 
definition  below)  that  produces  hard  copy  duplicates  from  graphical  hard  copy 
originals (distinct from single sheet convenience copying, see next paragraph) as well 
as  performing  one  or  both  of  the  following  core  functions:  printing  of  documents 
(from  digital  information  received  from  direct  connect  computers,  networked 
computers, file servers and fax transmissions) or faxing (send and receive). An MFD 
may also include scanning to computer file or any other capabilities not listed in this 
Specification.  The  device  may  be  connected  to  a  network,  and  may  output  black  & 
white, gray scale, or color images. EPA anticipates that a separate Specification may 
ultimately  be  required  to  cover  color  devices,  because  of  likely  technological 
developments related to color imaging, but for now these devices are included in this 
Specification. 

This  Specification  covers  products  that  are  marketed  and  sold  as  multifunction 
equipment whose primary function is copying but that are able to perform one or both 
of the additional core functions of printing or faxing. Devices whose primary function 
is  faxing,  and  offer  limited  sheet  copying  capabilities  (so-called  single  sheet 
"convenience copying") are covered under the printer/fax Specification.  

If  the  MFD  is  not  a  single  integrated  unit  but  a  set  of  functionally  integrated 
components,  then  the  manufacturer  must  certify  that  when  installed  correctly  in  the 
field the sum of all power use for all MFD components comprising the base unit will 
achieve  the  power  levels  listed  below  to  qualify  as  an  ENERGY  STAR  Qualified 
MFD. 

Some digital copiers can be upgraded into an MFD in the field with the installation of 
add-on  devices  that  allow  printing  or  faxing  capabilities.  Program  Participants  may 
consider this system of components to be an MFD, and may qualify it according to the 
specifications  in  Tables  11  and  12.  However,  when  the  digital  copier  is  sold 
independently  of  the  add-on  devices,  the  copier  must  qualify  according  to  the 
upgradeable digital copier specifications in Table 13 and 14. 

Some  printers  can  be  upgraded  into  an  MFD  in  the  field  with  the  installation  of 
add-on  devices  that  allow  copying  (not  just  single  sheet  convenience  copying)  and 
may also allow faxing capabilities. Program Participants may consider this system of 
components to be an MFD, and may qualify it according to the MFD specifications. 
However, when sold independently, the printer cannot be represented as an ENERGY 
STAR qualified device unless it meets the ENERGY STAR specification for printers, 
in Section III.  

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2. 

Image reproduction speed: Images per minute (ipm) measures the image reproduction 
speed  specified  in  terms  of  monochrome  text  output  per  minute  at  the  default 
resolution  of  the  MFD.  One  image  is  defined as one 8.5" x 11" or A4-sized  printed 
page  of  single-spaced  monochrome  text  output,  12  point  type,  Times  font,  1"  (2.54 
cm)  margins  on  all  sides  of  the  page.  Double-sided  prints  or  copies  count  as  two 
images  even  though  they  are  printed  on  one  piece  of  paper.  If  at  a  later  date  EPA 
creates  a  test  procedure  specifically  designed  to  measure  print  speed,  then  that  test 
procedure shall supersede the output speed specifications listed in this section. 

For all multifunction device models, engine speed shall be based on either 8.5" x 11" 
or A4-sized paper, depending on which is the standard in a particular market. If copier 
and print speeds are different, whichever speed is higher shall be used to determine to 
which speed category the device belongs. 

For large format multifunction device models designed to handle primarily A2 or 17" 
x 22" paper or larger, the reproduction speed measured as A2 or A0-sized images per 
minute, shall be converted into A4-sized image reproduction speeds, as follows: 

(a) One A2 image per minute is equivalent to 4 A4 images per minute;  

(b) One A0 image per minute is equivalent to 16 A4 images per minute. 

Multifunction Devices will be divided into the following categories: 

Personal  Multifunction  Devices:  Multifunction  devices  with  an  engine  speed  for 
producing multiple images of 10 images per minute or less. 

Low  Speed  Multifunction  Devices:  Multifunction  devices  with  an  engine  speed  for 
producing multiple images of greater than 10 and less than or equal to 20 images per 
minute. 

Medium  Speed  Multifunction  Devices:  Multifunction  devices  with  an  engine  speed 
for producing multiple images of greater than 20 and less than or equal to 44 images 
per minute. 

Medium/High  Speed  Multifunction  Devices:  Multifunction  devices  with  an  engine 
speed for producing multiple images of greater than 44 and less than or equal to 100 
images per minute. 

High Speed Multifunction Devices19 Multifunction devices with an engine speed for 
producing multiple images of greater than 100 images per minute. 

19 

For a multifunction device where the above method would give an inaccurate result (because the device 
is not completely warmed up after the first warm-up cycle plus 15 minutes standby time), the following 
procedure (in line with ASTM Standard F757-94) may be used: 
Turn on the MFD and allow the machine to warm up and stabilize in the ready mode (=standby mode) 
for two hours. During the first 105 minutes, prevent the MFD from entering the low power mode (e.g., 
by making one copy every 14 minutes during this period). Make the last copy at 105 minutes after the 
MFD  was  turned  on.  Then  wait  exactly  15  minutes.  After  15  minutes  has  passed,  read  and  record  the 
watt-hour meter indication and the time (or start the stopwatch or timer). After 1 hour, read and record 
the  watt-hour  indication  again.  The  difference  between  the  two  readings  of  the  watt-hour  meter  is  the 
low-power mode energy use; divide by 1 hour to obtain the average power rating 

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3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Base Unit: For a given engine speed, the base unit is defined as the most basic version 
of a multifunction device that is actually sold as a fully operational model. The base 
unit can be designed and shipped as a single piece or as a combination of functionally 
integrated  components.  The  base  unit  must  allow  copying  and  one  or  both  of  the 
additional  core  functions  of  printing  or  faxing.  The  base  unit  does  not  include  any 
external power-consuming accessories that may be sold separately. 

Accessories:  A  piece  of  additional  equipment  that  is  not  necessary  for  the  standard 
operation of the base unit, but that may be added before or after shipping in order to 
enhance  or  change  multifunction  device  performance.  Examples  of  accessories 
include: sorters, large capacity paper feeders, paper finishing equipment, large paper 
supply devices, output paper organizers, and key counters. An accessory may be sold 
separately  under  its  own  model  number,  or  sold  with  a  base  unit  as  part  of  a 
multifunction device package or configuration. It is assumed that the addition of any 
accessories  will  not  substantially  increase  (more  than  a  total  of  10  percent  for  all 
accessories)  the  low-power  or  sleep  mode  power  consumption  of  the  base  unit 
(irrespective of the power consumption of the accessories). Any accessories shall not 
impede the normal operation of the low-power and sleep mode features. 

Multifunction  Device  Model:  For  purposes  of  this  Specification,  a  multifunction 
device model is defined as a base unit and  one or more specific accessories that are 
advertised and sold to consumers under a single model number. When advertised and 
sold to consumers without any additional accessories, a base unit is also considered a 
multifunction device model. 

Standby Mode: The condition that exists when the machine is not producing output, 
has reached operating conditions and is ready to make hard copy output, but has not 
yet entered into the low-power mode. When the multifunction device is in this mode, 
there will be virtually no delay before the multifunction device is capable of making 
the next hard copy output. 

Low-power  Mode:  For  purposes  of  this  Specification,  the  low-power  mode  is  the 
condition that exists when the multifunction device is not producing hard copy output 
and is consuming less power than when in a standby mode. When the multifunction 
device is in this mode there may be some delay in the production of hard copy output. 
In  this  mode  there  shall  be  no  delay  in  the  acceptance  of  information  from  fax  or 
printing or scanning input sources. The multifunction device enters this mode within a 
specified period of time after the last hard copy output was made no matter what the 
input  source.  For  products  that  meet  the  low-power  mode  power  requirements  in 
standby mode, no further power reductions are required. 

Sleep Mode: For purposes  of  this Specification, the sleep mode is the lowest power 
state the multifunction device can automatically enter without actually turning off. In 
this  mode  both  hard  copy  output  and  the  acceptance  of  imaging  information  from 
some  input  ports  may  be  delayed.  The  multifunction  device  enters  the  sleep  mode 
within a specified period of time after the last hard copy output was made or after it 
has entered the low-power mode if a low-power mode is provided. 

Default Times: The time period set by the Program Participant prior to shipping that 
determines when the multifunction device will enter its various modes.(i.e., the low-
power  mode,  the  sleep  mode,  etc.  Both  the  sleep  mode  default  times  and  the  low-

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10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

B. 

1. 

power mode default times shall be measured from the time the last hard copy output 
was made.) 

Recovery  Time:  The  amount  of  time  needed  to bring  the  multifunction  device  from 
the low- power mode to the standby mode. 

Automatic Duplex Mode: The mode in which the multifunction device automatically 
places images on both sides of a sheet by automatically sending both the sheet and the 
graphic original through the multifunction device. Examples of this are one-sided to 
two-sided  copying,  two-sided  to  two-sided  copying,  or  double-sided  printing.  For 
purposes of this Specification, a multifunction device model is considered to have an 
automatic duplex mode only if the multifunction device model includes all accessories 
needed  to  satisfy  the  above  conditions  (i.e.,  an  automatic  document  feeder  and 
accessories for automatic duplexing capabilities). 

Weekly  Timer:  An  internal  device  that  turns  a  multifunction  device  on  and  off  at 
predetermined times each day. When programming a timer, the customer shall be able 
to  distinguish  between  business  days  and  weekends/holidays  (i.e.,  a  timer  shall  not 
turn on a copier on Saturday and Sunday mornings if employees are not normally in 
the office on weekends). The customer shall also have the ability to disable the timer. 
Weekly  timers  are  optional  features,  and  therefore  are  not  required  on  ENERGY 
STAR  Qualified  MFDs.  If  included  in  multifunction  device  models,  weekly  timers 
shall not conflict with the functioning of the low-power and sleep mode features. 

Upgradeable  Digital  Copier:  A  commercial  reprographic  imaging  unit  whose  sole 
function is the production of duplicates from a graphic hard copy original using digital 
imaging technology, but that provides the option of being upgraded to offer multiple 
functions,  such  as  printing  or  fax  capabilities,  through  the  installation  of  add-on 
devices.  In  order  to  be  classified  as  an  upgradeable  digital  copier  under  the  MFD 
Specification,  the  upgrade  options  must  be  available  on  the  market  or  intended  for 
availability within one year after the base unit is launched. Digital copiers that are not 
designed for functional upgrades must qualify for ENERGY STAR under the Copier 
Specification. 

Product Qualification for ENERGY STAR 

Technical Specifications 

ENERGY  STAR  Program  Participant  agrees  to  introduce  one  or  more  specific 
multifunction device models that meet the specifications outlined in the Tables below. 

(a)  Standard-sized  Multifunction  devices:  To  qualify  for  ENERGY  STAR, 
multifunction  device  models  designed  to  handle  primarily  8.5"  x  11"  or  A4-
sized paper shall meet the specifications provided in Table 11. All device speeds 
shall be measured with respect to the number of 8.5" x 11" or A4-sized images 
that feed through per minute, as described in Section VI.A.2, above. 

TABLE 11 

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Multifunction Devices 

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Low-power Mode 

Recovery Time 
30 seconds 

Sleep Mode

Sleep Mode 
Default Time 

Automatic 
Duplex Mode 

Multifunction 
Device Speed 
(images per minute) 

0 < ipm < 10 

10 < ipm < 20 

(Watts) 

NA 

NA 

20 < ipm < 44 

3.85 x ipm + 50 

(Watts) 

NA 

NA 

Yes 

< 25 

< 15 min 

< 70 

< 30 min 

No 

No 

< 80 

< 60 min 

Optional 

44 < ipm < 100 

3.85 x ipm + 50  Recommended 

< 95 

< 90 min 

Optional 

100 < ipm 

3.85 x ipm + 50  Recommended 

< 105 

< 120 min 

Optional 

(b)  Large  Format  Devices:  To  qualify  for  ENERGY  STAR,  large  format 
multifunction device models designed to handle primarily A2 or 17" x 22" paper 
or  larger  shall  meet  the  specifications  provided  in  Table  12.  All  large  format 
device speeds shall be measured with respect to the number of A4-sized images 
that feed through per minute, as described in Section IV.A.2, above. 

TABLE 12 

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Multifunction Devices – LARGE FORMAT DEVICES 

Multifunction Device 
Speed (images per 
minute) 

Low-power Mode

Recovery Time 30 
seconds 

Sleep 
Mode 

(Watts) 

(Watts) 

Automatic 
Duplex Mode

Sleep 
Mode 
Default 
Time 

0 < ipm < 40 

NA 

NA 

< 70 

< 30 min 

40 < ipm 

4.85 x ipm + 50 

Recommended 

< 105 

< 90 min 

No 

No 

 (c)  Upgradable  Digital  Copiers:  To  qualify  for  ENERGY  STAR  under  the 
Multifunction  Device  Specification,  upgradeable  digital  copiers  designed  to 
handle  primarily  8.5"  x  11"  or  A-4  sized  paper  shall  meet  the  specifications 
provided  in  Table  13.  All  device  speeds  shall  be  measured  with  respect  to  the 
number  of  8.5"  x  11"  or  A-4  sized  images  that  feed  through  per  minute,  as 
above.
described 

IV.A.2, 

Section 

in 

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Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Multifunction Devices — UPGRADEABLE DIGITAL 
COPIERS 

TABLE 13 

Recovery Time 30 
seconds 

Sleep Mode20 
(Watts) 

Sleep Mode 
Default Time 

Upgradeable Digital 
Copier Speed 
(images per minute) 

0 < ipm ≤ 10 

10 < ipm ≤ 20 

Low-power Mode

(Watts) 

NA 

NA 

20 < ipm ≤ 44 

3.85 x ipm + 5 

NA 

NA 

Yes 

44 < ipm ≤ 100 

3.85 x ipm + 5 

Recommended 

100 < ipm 

3.85 x ipm + 5 

Recommended 

≤ 5 

≤ 5 

≤ 15 

≤ 20 

≤ 20 

≤ 15 min 

≤ 30 min 

≤ 60 min 

≤ 90 min 

≤ 120 min 

Note  that  criteria  for  upgradeable  digital  copiers  are  identical  to  those  of  the  Copier 
Specification. 

(d)  Large  Format  Upgradeable  Digital  Copiers:  To  qualify  for  ENERGY  STAR 
under  the  Specification  for  Multifunction  Devices,  upgradeable  digital  copiers 
designed to handle primarily A2 or 17" x  22" or larger sized paper shall meet 
the  specifications  provided  in  Table  14.  All  device  speeds  shall  be  measured 
with  respect  to  the  number  A-4  sized  images  that  feed  through  per  minute,  as 
described in Section VI.A.2 of the Specification. 

TABLE 14 

Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Multifunction Devices — LARGE FORMAT 
UPGRADEABLE DIGITAL COPIERS 

Upgradeable Digital 
Copier Speed 
(images per minute) 

Low-power Mode 

Recovery Time 30 
seconds 

Sleep Mode 

Sleep Mode 
Default Time 

(Watts) 

(Watts) 

0 < ipm ≤ 40 

NA 

40 < ipm 

4.85 x ipm + 45 

NA 

NA 

≤ 65 

≤ 30 min 

≤ 100 

≤ 90 min 

20 

For  MFDs  that  consist  of  functionally  integrated,  but  physically  separate  units  consisting  of  separate 
print,  scan,  and  computer  components,  sleep  mode  Watts  for  the  total  system  may  be  increased  by  an 
amount equal to the sleep mode Watts allowed for an ENERGY STAR qualified computer. 

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2. 

Additional requirements 

In  addition  to  the  requirements  shown  in  Tables  11  through  14,  the  following 
additional requirements must also be met. 

(a)  Default  time  for  low-power  mode:  For  MFDs  and  upgradeable  digital  copiers, 
Program  Participant  shall  ship  multifunction  device  models  with  the  default 
time for the low-power mode set at 15 minutes. Program Participant shall set the 
default times for the sleep mode to the levels specified in Tables 11 through 14. 
The  default  times  for  the  low-power  mode  and  the  sleep  mode  shall  be 
measured from the time the last copy was made or the last page was printed. 

(b)  Recovery  time  from  low-power  mode:  The  actual  recovery  time  from  low-
power mode shall be placed in product literature for those products that have a 
low-power mode. 

(c)  Weekly  timers:  Note  that  weekly  timers  may  be  incorporated,  but  shall  not 
adversely affect or interfere with the normal operation of the low-power or sleep 
modes.  It  is  EPA’s  intention  that  any  added  features  complement  the  reduced 
power modes and not negate their effects. 

(d)  Auto-duplex features: Duplexing is not required to be the default setting for any 
multifunction devices. However, it is required to be offered as an option for all 
standard  size  multifunction  devices  faster  than  20  ipm.  Further,  it  is 
recommended  that  multifunction  devices  be  shipped  with  automatic  duplexing 
set  as  the  default  mode  for  copying  and  any  other  feasible  functions  and 
described to customers upon installation. 

3. 

Exceptions and Clarifications: 

After shipping, Program Participant or its designated service representative shall not 
alter  the  multifunction  device  model  in  any  way  that  will  affect  the  multifunction 
device's  ability  to  meet  the  specifications  outlined  above.  Certain  exceptions  are 
allowed in changing the default times and the duplex mode. These exceptions are as 
follows: 

(a)  Default  Times:  After  shipping,  the  Program  Participant,  designated  service 
representative,  or  customer  may  change  the  default  times  for  either  the  low-
power  or  sleep-mode  feature,  but  only  up  to  a  factory-set  maximum  of  240 
minutes  (i.e.,  the  combined  total  of  the  default  times  shall  not  exceed  240 
minutes). 

(b)  Anti-humidity devices: In some cases, Program Participant may need to ship a 
multifunction device model with the anti-humidity device disconnected in order 
to  meet  sleep  mode  power  requirements.  If  this  situation  leads  to  sizable 
inconvenience  for  a  specific  customer,  Program  Participant  (or  the  designated 
service  representative)  may  connect  the  anti-humidity  device.  If  Program 
Participant  determines  that  in  a  certain  geographical  area  there  are  chronic 
reliability  problems  associated  with  high  humidity  levels,  Program  Participant 

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may  contact  the  EPA21  program  manager  (as  named  in  Annex  B)  and  discuss 
alternative  solutions.  For  example,  EPA  may  allow  Program  Participant  to 
connect  the  anti-humidity  devices  in  multifunction  device  models  that  are 
shipped to a very humid geographical area. 

(c)  Disabling  the  Sleep  Mode:  In  an  individual  case  where  the  Sleep  Mode  is 
causing  a  customer  sizable  inconvenience  due  to  his/her  particular  usage 
patterns, the Program Participant, designated service representative, or customer 
may disable this Sleep Mode feature. If Program Participant chooses to design 
its multifunction device models to allow the customer to disable the Sleep Mode 
feature, then the disable option shall be accessed in a manner different from the 
time settings (e.g., If a software menu provides sleep mode delay times of 15, 
30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes, then "disable" or "off" shall not be a choice in 
this menu. It shall be a hidden (or less obvious) choice or included in a different 
menu). 

C. 

1. 

Test Guidelines  

Test Conditions 

Outlined  below  are  the  ambient  test  conditions  which  should  be  established  when 
performing  the  power  measurement.  These  are  necessary  in  order  to  ensure  that 
outside  factors  do  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  can  be  reproduced 
later. 

Line Impedance: < 0.25 ohm 

Total Harmonic Distortion: < 3% 

Ambient Temperature: 21 deg. C +/- 3 deg. C 

Relative Humidity: 40 -60%  

Distance From Wall: 2 ft. min. 

21 

For products registered with the European Commission, Program Participants may contact the European 
Commission. 

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Other Market-Specific Criteria: 

Market 

Paper Size 

Voltage/ Frequency 

United States 

8.5" x 11" 

115 V RMS +/- 5 V 

Europe 

Japan 

A4 

A4 

60 Hz +/- 3Hz 

230 V RMS +/- 10 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

100 V RMS +/- 5 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz and 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

200 V RMS +/- 10 V 

50 Hz +/- 3 Hz and 60 Hz +/- 3 Hz 

2. 

3. 

Testing Equipment: The provisions of Section I.C.2 apply. 

Test Method: The provisions of Section I.C.3 apply. 

VII. IMAGING EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION 

The following Imaging Equipment Specifications shall be applicable as of 1 April 2007. 

A. 

Definitions  

Products 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Copier:  A  commercially-available  imaging  product  whose  sole  function  is  the 
production of hard copy duplicates from graphic hard copy originals. The unit must be 
capable  of  being  powered  from  a  wall  outlet  or  from  a  data  or  network  connection. 
This  definition  is  intended  to  cover  products  that  are  marketed  as  copiers  or 
upgradeable digital copiers (UDCs). 

Digital  Duplicator:  A  commerciallyavailable  imaging  product  that  is  sold  in  the 
market  as  a  fully-automated  duplicator  system  through  the  method  of  stencil 
duplicating with digital reproduction functionality. The unit must be capable of being 
powered from a wall outlet or from a data or network connection. This definition is 
intended to cover products that are marketed as digital duplicators. 

Facsimile Machine (Fax Machine): A commercially-available imaging product whose 
primary  functions  are  scanning  hard  copy  originals  for  electronic  transmission  to 
remote  units  and  receiving  similar  electronic  transmissions  to  produce  hard  copy 
output. Electronic transmission is primarily over a public telephone system, but also 
may  be  via  computer  network  or  the  Internet.  The  product  also  may  be  capable  of 

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4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

producing  hard  copy  duplicates.  The  unit  must  be  capable  of  being  powered  from  a 
wall outlet or from a data or network connection. This definition is intended to cover 
products that are marketed as fax machines. 

Mailing  Machine:  A  commercially-available  imaging  product  that  serves  to  print 
postage  onto  mail  pieces  The  unit  must  be  capable  of  being  powered  from  a  wall 
outlet  or  from  a  data  or  network  connection.  This  definition  is  intended  to  cover 
products that are marketed as mailing machines. 

Multifunction Device (MFD): A commercially-available imaging product, which is a 
physically-integrated device or a combination of functionally-integrated components, 
that  performs  two  or  more  of  the  core  functions  of  copying,  printing,  scanning,  or 
faxing.  The  copy  functionality  as  addressed  in  this  definition  is  considered  to  be 
distinct  from  single  sheet  convenience  copying  offered  by  fax  machines.  The  unit 
must  be  capable  of  being  powered  from  a  wall  outlet  or  from  a  data  or  network 
connection. This definition is intended to cover products that are marketed as MFDs 
or multifunction products (MFPs). 

Note:  If  the  MFD  is  not  a  single  integrated  unit  but  a  set  of  functionally  integrated 
components,  then  the  manufacturer  must  certify  that  when  installed  correctly  in  the 
field, the sum of all energy or power use for all MFD components comprising the base 
unit will achieve the energy or power levels provided in Section VII.C. to qualify as 
an ENERGY STAR MFD. 

Printer: A commercially-available imaging product that serves as a hard copy output 
device,  and  is  capable  of  receiving  information  from  single-user  or  networked 
computers, or other input devices (e.g., digital cameras). The unit must be capable of 
being  powered  from  a  wall  outlet  or  from  a  data  or  network  connection.  This 
definition  is  intended  to  cover  products  that  are  marketed  as  printers,  including 
printers that can be upgraded into MFDs in the field. 

Scanner:  A  commercially-available  imaging  product  that  functions  as  an  electro-
optical  device  for  converting  information  into  electronic  images  that  can  be  stored, 
edited, converted, or transmitted, primarily in a personal computing environment. The 
unit must be capable of being powered from a wall outlet or from a data or network 
connection.  This  definition  is  intended  to  cover  products  that  are  marketed  as 
scanners. 

Marking Technologies 

8. 

9. 

10. 

Direct Thermal (DT): A marking technology that transfers an image by burning dots 
onto  coated  media  as  it  passes  over  a  heated  print  head.  DT  products  do  not  use 
ribbons. 

Dye Sublimation (DS): A marking technology where images are formed by depositing 
(subliming) dye onto the print media based upon the amount of energy delivered by 
the heating elements. 

Electrophotography  (EP):  A  marking  technology  characterized  by  illumination  of  a 
photoconductor  in  a  pattern  representing  the  desired  hard  copy  image  via  a  light 
source, development of the image with particles of toner using the latent image on the 
photoconductor to define the presence or absence of toner at a given location, transfer 

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of the toner to the final hard copy medium, and fusing to cause the desired hard copy 
to  become  durable.  Types  of  EP  include  Laser,  LED,  and  LCD.  Color  EP  is 
distinguished from monochrome EP in that toners of at least three different colors are 
available  in  a  given  product  at  one  time.  Two  types  of  color  EP  technology  are 
defined below: 

(a)  Parallel  Color  EP:  A  marking  technology  that  uses  multiple  light  sources  and 
multiple photoconductors to increase the maximum color printing speed. 

(b)  Serial Color EP: A marking technology that uses a single photoconductor in a 
serial fashion and one or multiple light sources to achieve the multi-color hard 
copy output. 

Impact:  A  marking  technology  characterized  by  the  formation  of  the  desired  hard 
copy  image  by  transferring  colorant  from  a  “ribbon”  to  the  media  via  an  impact 
process.  Two  types  of  impact  technology  are  Dot  Formed  Impact  and  Fully-formed 
Impact. 

Ink Jet (IJ): A marking technology where images are formed by depositing colorant in 
small drops directly to the print media in a matrix manner. Color IJ is distinguished 
from monochrome IJ in that more than one colorant is available in a product at any 
one  time.  Typical  types  of  IJ  include  Piezo-electric  (PE)  IJ,  IJ  Sublimation,  and 
Thermal IJ. 

Solid Ink (SI): A marking technology where the ink is solid at room temperature and 
liquid when heated to the jetting temperature. Transfer to the media can be direct, but 
is  most  often  made  to  an  intermediate  drum  or  belt  and  then  offset  printed  to  the 
media. 

Stencil:  A  marking  technology  that  transfers  images  onto  the  print  media  from  a 
stencil that is fitted around an inked drum. 

Thermal Transfer (TT): A marking technology where the desired hard copy image is 
formed  by  depositing  small  drops  of  solid  colorant  (usually  colored  waxes)  in  a 
melted/fluid state directly to the print media in a matrix manner. TT is distinguished 
from IJ in that the ink is solid at room temperature and is made fluid by heat.  

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Operational Modes, Activities, and Power States 

16. 

17. 

Active: The power state in which the product is connected to a power source and is 
actively producing output, as well as performing any of its other primary functions. 

Automatic  Duplexing:  The  capability  of  a  copier,  fax  machine,  MFD,  or  printer  to 
automatically  place  images  on  both  sides  of  an  output  sheet,  without  manual 
manipulation of output as an intermediate step. Examples of this are one-sided to two-
sided  copying  and  two-sided  to  two-sided  copying.  A  product  is  considered  to  have 
automatic  duplexing  capability  only  if  the  model  includes  all  accessories  needed  to 
satisfy the above conditions. 

18. 

Default  Delay  Time:  The  time  set  by  the  manufacturer  prior  to  shipping  that 
determines  when  the  product  will  enter  a  lower-power  mode  (e.g.,  Sleep,  Off) 
following completion of its primary function. 

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19. 

20. 

21. 

Off:  The  power  state  that  the  product  enters  when  it  has  been  manually  or 
automatically  switched  off  but  is  still  plugged  in  and  connected  to  the  mains.  This 
mode is exited when stimulated by an input, such as a manual power switch or clock 
timer to bring the unit into Ready mode. When this state is resultant from a manual 
intervention by a user, it is often referred to as Manual Off, and when it is resultant 
from  an  automatic  or  predetermined  stimuli  (e.g.,  a  delay  time  or  clock),  it  is  often 
referred to as Auto-off. 

Ready:  The  condition  that  exists  when  the  product  is  not  producing  output,  has 
reached  operating  conditions,  has  not  yet  entered  into  any  lower-power  modes,  and 
can enter Active mode with minimal delay. All product features can be enabled in this 
mode,  and  the  product  must  be  able  to  return  to  Active  mode  by  responding  to  any 
potential  input  options  designed  into  the  product.  Potential  inputs  include  external 
electrical  stimulus  (e.g.,  network  stimulus,  fax  call,  or  remote  control)  and  direct 
physical intervention (e.g., activating a physical switch or button). 

Sleep: The reduced power state that the product enters automatically after a period of 
inactivity. In addition to entering Sleep automatically, the product may also enter this 
mode 1) at a user set time-of-day, 2) immediately in response to user manual action, 
without actually turning off, or 3) through other, automatically-achieved ways that are 
related  to  user  behavior.  All  product  features  can  be  enabled  in  this  mode  and  the 
product  must  be  able  to  enter  Active  mode  by  responding  to  any  potential  input 
options  designed  into  the  product;  however,  there  may  be  a  delay.  Potential  inputs 
include  external  electrical  stimulus  (e.g.,  network  stimulus,  fax  call,  remote  control) 
and  direct  physical  intervention  (e.g.,  activating  a  physical  switch  or  button).  The 
product  must  maintain  network  connectivity  while  in  Sleep,  waking  up  only  as 
necessary. 

Note:  When  reporting  data  and  qualifying  products  that  can  enter  Sleep  mode  in 
multiple  ways,  Program  Participants  should  reference  a  Sleep  level  that  can  be 
reached  automatically.  If  the  product  is  capable  of  automatically  entering  multiple, 
successive Sleep levels, it is at the manufacturer’s discretion which of these levels is 
used  for  qualification  purposes;  however,  the  default-delay  time  provided  must 
correspond with whichever level is used. 

22. 

Standby:  The  lowest  power  consumption  mode  which  cannot  be  switched  off 
(influenced) by the user and that may persist for an indefinite time when the product is 
connected  to  the  main  electricity  supply  and  used  in  accordance  with  the 
manufacturer’s instructions22. 

Note: For Imaging Equipment products addressed by this specification, the Standby 
power level usually occurs in Off mode, but can occur in Ready or Sleep. A product 
cannot exit Standby and reach a lower power state unless it is physically disconnected 
from the main electricity supply as a result of manual manipulation. 

Product Size Formats 

23. 

Large  Format:  Products  categorized  as  Large  Format  include  those  designed  for  A2 
media and larger, including those designed to accommodate continuous-form media at 

22 

IEC 62301 – Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power. 2005. 

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a width of 406 millimeters (mm) or wider. Large-format products may also be capable 
of printing on standard-size or small-format media. 

24. 

25. 

Small Format: Products categorized as Small Format include those designed for media 
sizes smaller than those defined as Standard (e.g., A6, 4” x 6”, microfilm), including 
those  designed  to  accommodate  continuous-form  media  at  widths  smaller  than  210 
mm. 

Standard: Products categorized as Standard include those designed for standard-sized 
media  (e.g.,  Letter,  Legal,  Ledger,  A3,  A4,  and  B4),  including  those  designed  to 
accommodate  continuous-form  media  at  widths  between  210  mm  and  406  mm. 
Standard-size products may also be capable of printing on small-format media. 

Additional Terms 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

Accessory:  An  optional  piece  of  peripheral  equipment  that  is  not  necessary  for  the 
operation of the base unit, but that may be added before or after shipment in order to 
add functionality. An accessory may be sold separately under its own model number, 
or sold with a base unit as part of a package or configuration. 

Base  Product:  A  base  product  is  the  standard  model  shipped  by  the  manufacturer. 
When product models are offered in different configurations, the base product is the 
most fundamental configuration of the model, which possesses the minimum number 
of  functional  adders  available.  Functional  components  or  accessories  offered  as 
optional, rather than standard, are not considered part of the base product. 

Continuous Form: Products categorized as Continuous Form include those which do 
not use a cut-sheet media size, and are designed for key industrial applications such as 
printing of bar codes, labels, receipts, waybills, invoices, airline tickets, or retail tags. 

Digital  Front-end  (DFE):  A  functionally-integrated,  network-attached  server  or 
desktop-derived  server  that  hosts  other  computers  and  applications  and  acts  as  an 
interface to imaging equipment. A DFE uses its own dc power supply or draws its dc 
power from the imaging equipment product with which it operates. A DFE provides 
greater functionality to the imaging product. A DFE also offers at least three of the 
following advanced features:  

(a)  Network connectivity in various environments;  

(b)  Mailbox functionality; 

(c) 

Job queue management; 

(d)  Machine  management  (e.g.,  waking  the  imaging  equipment  from  a  reduced 

power state); 

(e)  Advanced graphic user-interface (UI); 

(f)  Ability to initiate communication with  other host servers  and client computers 

(e.g., scanning to email, polling remote mailboxes for jobs); or 

(g)  Ability to post-process pages (e.g., reformatting pages prior to printing). 

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30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

Functional  Adder:  A  functional  adder  is  a  standard  product  feature  that  adds 
functionality  to  the  base  marking  engine  of  an  imaging  equipment  product.  The 
Operational Mode portion of this specification contains additional power allowances 
for  certain  functional  adders.  Examples  of  functional  adders  include  wireless 
interfaces and scanning capability.  

Operational  Mode  (OM)  Approach:  A  method  of  testing  and  comparing  the  energy 
performance  of  imaging  equipment  products,  which  focuses  on  product  energy 
consumption in various low-power modes. The key criteria used by the OM approach 
are values for low-power modes, measured in watts (W). Detailed information can be 
found in the Operational Mode Test Procedure in Section VII.D.3. 

Marking  Engine:  The  very  basic  engine  of  an  imaging  product,  which  drives  the 
image  production  of  that  product.  Without  additional  functional  components,  a 
marking engine cannot acquire image data to process and is, therefore, non-functional. 
A marking engine is reliant on functional adders for communication ability and image 
processing. 

Model: An imaging equipment product that is sold or marketed under a unique model 
number or marketing name. A model may be comprised of a base unit or a base unit 
and accessories. 

Product Speed: In general, for Standard-size products, a single A4 or 8.5” x 11” sheet 
printed/copied/scanned  on  one  side  in  a  minute  is  equal  to  one  image-per-minute 
(ipm). If the maximum claimed speeds differ when producing images on A4 or 8.5” x 
11” paper, the higher of the two shall be used. 

–  For  mailing  machines,  one  piece  of  mail  processed  in  a  minute  is  equal  to  one 

mail-piece-per-minute (mppm). 

–  For Small-format products, a single A6 or 4” x 6” sheet printed/copied/scanned on 

one side in a minute is equal to 0.25 ipm. 

–  For  Large-format  products,  a  single  A2  sheet  is  equivalent  to  4  ipm  and  one  A0 

sheet is equivalent to 16 ipm. 

–  For  continuous-form  products  categorized  as  Small-format,  Large-format,  or 
Standard-size, print speed in ipm should be obtained from the product’s maximum 
marketed imaging speed in meters per minute according to the conversion below:  

X ipm = 16 x [Maximum media width (meters) x Maximum imaging speed
 (length-meters/minute)] 

In all cases, the converted speed in ipm should be rounded to the nearest integer (e.g., 
14.4 ipm rounds to 14.0 ipm; 14.5 ipm rounds to 15 ipm). 

For  qualification  purposes,  manufacturers  should  report  the  speed  of  the  product 
according to the prioritization of functions outlined below: 

–  Print Speed, unless the product cannot perform the print function, in which case, 

–  Copy  Speed,  unless  the  product  cannot  perform  the  print  or  copy  functions,  in 

which case, 

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–  Scan Speed. 

35. 

Typical  Electricity  Consumption  (TEC)  Approach:  A  method  of  testing  and 
comparing the energy performance of imaging equipment products, which focuses on 
the  typical  electricity  consumed  by  a  product  while  in  normal  operation  during  a 
representative  period  of  time.  The  key  criteria  of  the  TEC  approach  for  imaging 
equipment  is  a  value  for  typical  weekly  electricity  consumption,  measured  in 
kilowatt-hours  (kWh).  Detailed  information  can  be  found  in  the  Typical  Electricity 
Consumption Test Procedure in Section VII.D.2. 

B. 

Qualifying Products 

In  order  to  qualify  as  ENERGY  STAR,  an  imaging  equipment  product  must  be  defined  in 
Section VII.A and meet one of the product descriptions in Table 15 or 16, below. 

TABLE 15 - Qualifying Products: TEC Approach 

Product Area 

Marking 
Technology 

Size 
Format 

Color Capability 

TEC 
Table 

Direct Thermal 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 2 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Copiers 

EP 

EP 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Standard 

Color 

Solid Ink 

Standard 

Color 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Digital 
Duplicators 

Stencil 

Stencil 

Standard 

Color  

TEC 2 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Direct Thermal 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

EP 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Fax Machines 

EP 

Standard 

Color 

Solid Ink 

Standard 

Color 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard 

Color  

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

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TABLE 15 - Qualifying Products: TEC Approach (continued) 

Product Area 

Marking 
Technology 

Size 
Format 

Color Capability 

TEC 
Table 

EP 

EP 

Multifunction 
Devices (MFDs) 

Multifunction 
Devices (MFDs) 

Direct Thermal 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 3 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 4 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 3 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 3 

Standard 

Color 

Solid Ink 

Standard 

Color 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 4 

TEC 4 

TEC 4 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 3 

Direct Thermal 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 2 

Dye Sublimation 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Printers 

EP 

EP 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

Standard 

Color 

Solid Ink 

Standard 

Color 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard 

Color 

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

TEC 2 

Thermal Transfer 

Standard  Monochrome 

TEC 1 

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TABLE 16 – Qualifying Products: Operational Mode Approach 

Product 
Area 

Marking 
Technology 

Size Format 

Color Capability 

OM 
Table

Copiers 

Direct 
Thermal 

Dye 
Sublimation 

Large  

Large  

EP 

Large  

Solid Ink 

Large 

Thermal 
Transfer 

Large  

Fax 
Machines 

Ink Jet 

Standard 

Mailing 
Machines 

Direct 
Thermal 

EP 

Ink Jet 

Thermal 
Transfer 

Direct 
Thermal 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

Monochrome 

OM 1

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

& 

& 

& 

& 

OM 1

OM 1

OM 1

OM 1

OM 2

Monochrome 

OM 4

Monochrome 

OM 4

Monochrome 

OM 4

Monochrome 

OM 4

Large  

Monochrome 

OM 1

Multifuncti
on Devices 
(MFDs) 

Dye 
Sublimation 

Large 

EP 

Large  

Ink Jet 

Standard 

Ink Jet 

Large 

Solid Ink 

Large  

Thermal 
Transfer 

Large  

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 

& 

& 

& 

& 

OM 1

OM 1

OM 2

OM 3

OM 1

Color 
Monochrome 

& 

OM 1

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TABLE 16 – Qualifying Products: Operational Mode Approach (continued) 

Product 
Area 

Marking 
Technology 

Size Format 

Color Capability 

OM 
Table

Direct 
Thermal 

Direct 
Thermal 

Dye 
Sublimation 

Dye 
Sublimation 

EP 

EP 

Large  

Small 

Large  

Small 

Large  

Small 

Impact 

Large 

Printers 

Impact 

Small 

Impact 

Standard  

Ink Jet 

Large  

Ink Jet 

Small 

Ink Jet 

Standard 

Solid Ink 

Large  

Solid Ink 

Small 

Thermal 
Transfer 

Thermal 
Transfer 

Large  

Small 

Monochrome 

OM 8

Monochrome 

OM 5

& 

& 

& 

& 

& 

& 

& 

& 

& 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 

Color 

Color 
Monochrome 

Color 
Monochrome 

& 

& 

OM 8

OM 5

OM 8

OM 5

OM 8

OM 5

OM 6

OM 3

OM 5

OM 2

OM 8

OM 5

OM 8

OM 5

OM 7

Scanners  N/A 

Large, Small & Standard 

N/A 

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C. 

Energy-Efficiency Specifications for Qualifying Products 

Only those products listed in Section VII.B above that meet the following criteria may qualify 
as Energy Star. 

Products Sold with an External Power Adapter: To qualify, imaging equipment products using 
a single-voltage external ac-dc or ac-ac power adapter must use an ENERGY STAR qualified 
adapter,  or  one  that  meets  the  ENERGY  STAR  External  Power  Supply  (EPS)  specification 
when tested to the ENERGY STAR test method on the date the imaging product is qualified as 
ENERGY  STAR.  The  ENERGY  STAR  specification  and  test  method  for  single  voltage 
external ac-dc and ac-ac power supplies may be found at www.energystar.gov/products. 

Products  Designed  to  Operate  with  an  External  DFE:  To  qualify,  an  imaging  equipment 
product  that  is  sold  with  a  DFE  that  uses  its  own  ac  power  source  must  use  an  ENERGY 
STAR  qualified  DFE,  or  one  that  meets  the  ENERGY  STAR  Computer  specification  when 
tested  to  the  ENERGY  STAR  test  method  on  the  date  the  imaging  product  is  qualified  as 
ENERGY STAR. The ENERGY STAR specification  and  test  method  for  computers  may  be 
found at www.energystar.gov/products. 

Products Sold with an Additional Cordless Handset: To qualify, fax machines or MFDs with 
fax  capability  that  are  sold  with  additional  cordless  handsets  must  use  an  ENERGY  STAR 
qualified handset, or one that meets the ENERGY STAR Telephony specification when tested 
to the ENERGY STAR test method on the date the imaging product is qualified as ENERGY 
STAR.  The  ENERGY  STAR  specification  and  test  method  for  telephony  products  may  be 
found at www.energystar.gov/products. 

Duplexing:  Standard-size  copiers,  MFDs,  and  printers  that  use  EP,  SI,  and  heat-intensive  IJ 
marking  technologies  addressed  by  the  TEC  approach  in  Section  VII.C.1  must  meet  the 
following duplexing requirements, based on product speed:  

TABLE 17 – Duplexing Requirements for Color Copiers, MFDs, and Printers 

Product Speed 

Duplexing Requirement 

≤ 19 ipm 

20 – 39 ipm 

≥ 40 ipm 

N/A 

Automatic duplexing must be offered as a 
standard feature or optional accessory at the time 
of purchase. 

Automatic duplexing is required as a standard 
feature at the time of purchase. 

EN 

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TABLE 18 – Duplexing Requirements for Monochrome Copiers, MFDs, and Printers 

Product Speed 

Duplexing Requirement 

≤ 24 ipm 

25 – 44 ipm 

≥ 45 ipm 

N/A 

Automatic duplexing must be offered as a 
standard feature or optional accessory at the time 
of purchase. 

Automatic duplexing is required as a standard 
feature at the time of purchase. 

1. 

ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria – TEC. 

To  qualify  as  ENERGY  STAR,  the  TEC  value  obtained  for  imaging  equipment 
outlined in Section VII.B. Table 15 above must not exceed the corresponding criteria 
below. 

For  imaging  products  with  a  functionally-integrated  DFE  that  relies  on  the  imaging 
product for its power, manufacturers should subtract the DFE’s energy consumption 
in  Ready  mode  from  the  product’s  total  TEC  result  before  comparing  the  product’s 
TEC to the criteria limits below. In order to take advantage of this allowance, the DFE 
must meet the definition in Section VII.A.29. and be a separate processing unit that is 
c
a
Example:  A  printer’s  total  TEC  result  is  24.5  kWh/week  and  its  internal  DFE  consumes 
p
50W in Ready mode.  50W x 168 hours/week = 8.4 kWh/week, which is then subtracted 
a
from  the  tested  TEC  value:  24.5  kWh/week  –  8.4  kWh/week  =  16.1  kWh/week.    16.1 
b
kWh/week is then compared to the following criteria. 
l
e of initiating activity over the network.  

Note: In all of the following equations, x = Product speed (ipm). 

TABLE 19 - TEC Table 1 

Product(s): Copiers, Digital Duplicators, Fax Machines, Printers 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: DT, Mono DS, Mono EP, Mono Stencil, Mono TT 

Tier I 

Tier II 

Product Speed 
(ipm) 

Maximum TEC (kWh/week)

Maximum TEC (kWh/week) 

≤ 12 

1.5 kWh 

12 < ipm ≤ 50 

(0.20 kWh/ipm)x – 1 kWh 

TBD 

TBD 

EN 

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> 50 ipm 

(0.80 kWh/ipm)x – 31 kWh 

TBD 

TABLE 20 - TEC Table 2 

Product(s): Copiers, Digital Duplicators, Fax Machines, Printers 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: Color DS, Color Stencil, Color TT, Color EP, SI 

Tier I 

Tier II 

Product Speed (ipm) 

Maximum TEC 
(kWh/week) 

Maximum TEC (kWh/week) 

≤ 50 

> 50 

(0.20 kWh/ipm)x + 2 kWh 

(0.80 kWh/ipm)x – 28 kWh 

TBD 

TBD 

TABLE 21 - TEC Table 3 

Product(s): MFDs 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: DT, Mono DS, Mono EP, Mono TT 

Tier I 

Tier II 

Product Speed (ipm) 

Maximum TEC 
(kWh/week) 

Maximum TEC (kWh/week) 

≤ 20 

(0.20 kWh/ipm)x + 2 kWh 

20 < ipm ≤ 69 

(0.44 kWh/ipm)x – 2.8 
kWh 

> 69 

(0.80 kWh/ipm)x – 28 kWh 

TBD 

TBD 

TBD 

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TABLE 22 - TEC Table 4 

Product(s): MFDs 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: Color DS, Color TT, Color EP, SI 

Tier I 

Tier II 

Product Speed (ipm) 

Maximum TEC 
(kWh/week) 

Maximum TEC (kWh/week) 

≤ 32 

(0.20 kWh/ipm)x + 5 kWh 

32 < ipm ≤ 61 

(0.44 kWh/ipm)x – 2.8 
kWh 

> 61 

(0.80 kWh/ipm)x – 25 kWh 

TBD 

TBD 

TBD 

2. 

ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria – OM 

To qualify as ENERGY STAR, the power consumption values for imaging equipment 
outlined in Section VII.B. Table 16 above must not exceed the corresponding criteria 
below. For products that meet the Sleep-mode power requirement in Ready mode, no 
further  automatic  power  reductions  are  required  to  meet  the  Sleep  criterion. 
Additionally,  for  products  that  meet  the  Standby-power  requirements  in  Ready  or 
Sleep mode, no further power reductions are required to earn the ENERGY STAR. 

For  imaging  products  with  a  functionally-integrated  DFE  that  relies  on  the  imaging 
product for its power, the power consumption of the DFE should be excluded when 
comparing  the  product’s  measured  Sleep  to  the  combined  marking-engine  and 
functional-adder criteria limits below. The DFE must not interfere with the ability of 
the imaging product to enter or exit its lower-power modes. In order to take advantage 
of  this  exclusion,  the  DFE  must  meet  the  definition  in  Section  VII.A.29  and  be  a 
separate processing unit that is capable of initiating activity over the network. 

Default  Delay  Time  Requirements:  To  qualify  for  ENERGY  STAR,  OM  products 
must meet the default-delay time settings provided in Tables 23 through 25 below for 
each product type, enabled upon product shipment. In addition, all OM products must 
be shipped with a maximum machine delay time not in excess of four hours, which is 
only  adjustable  by  the  manufacturer.  This  maximum  machine  delay  time  cannot  be 
influenced  by  the  user  and  typically  cannot  be  modified  without  internal,  invasive 
product manipulation. The default-delay-time settings provided in Tables 23 through 
25 may be user adjustable. 

EN 

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TABLE 23 - Maximum Default Delay Times to Sleep for Small-format and Standard-size OM 
Products, Excluding Mailing Machines, in Minutes 

Product 
Speed (ipm) 

0 – 10 

11 - 20 

21 - 30 

31 - 50 

51 + 

Fax Machines 

MFDs 

Printers 

Scanners 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

15 

30 

60 

60 

60 

5 

15 

30 

60 

60 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

TABLE 24: Maximum Default Delay Times to Sleep for Large-format OM Products, 
Excluding Mailing Machines, in Minutes 

Product 
Speed (ipm) 

0 – 10 

11 – 20 

21 – 30 

31 – 50 

51 + 

Copiers 

MFDs 

Printers 

Scanners 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

TABLE 25: Maximum Default Delay Times to Sleep for Mailing Machines in Minutes 

Product Speed 

(mppm) 

0 – 50 

51 – 100 

101 – 150 

151 + 

Mailing 
Machines 

20 

30 

40 

60 

Standby Requirements: To qualify for ENERGY STAR, OM products must meet the 
Standby power criteria provided in Table 26 for each product type. 

EN 

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TABLE 26: Maximum Standby Power Levels for OM Products in Watts 

Product Type & Size 
Format 

All Small Format and 
Standard-size OM Products 
without Fax Capability 

All Small Format and 
Standard-size OM Products 
with Fax Capability 

All Large Format OM 
Products and Mailing 
Machines 

Standby (W) – Tier 1  Standby (W) – Tier 2 

1 

2 

Tier 1 levels remain 
unchanged 

Tier 1 levels remain 
unchanged 

N/A 

TBD 

The  eligibility  criteria  in  OM  Tables  1  through  8  (Tables  26-33)  below  address  the  marking 
engine of the product. Since products are expected to be shipped with one or more functions 
beyond  a  basic  marking  engine,  the  corresponding  allowances  below  should  be  added  to  the 
marking  engine  criteria  for  Sleep.  The  total  value  for  the  base  product  with  applicable 
“functional adders” should be used to determine eligibility. Manufacturers may apply no more 
than  three  Primary  functional  adders  to  each  product  model,  but  may  apply  as  many 
Secondary  adders  as  present  (with  Primary  adders  in  excess  of  three  included  as  Secondary 
adders). An example of this approach is provided below:  

Example:  Consider  a  Standard-size  IJ  printer  with  a  USB  2.0  connection  and  a  memory  card 
connection.    Assuming  the  USB  connection  is  the  Primary  interface  used  during  the  test,  the 
printer  model  would  receive  a  functional-adder  allowance  of  0.5  W  for  USB  and  0.1  for  the 
memory card reader, for a total of 0.6 W of total functional-adder allowances. Since OM Table 2 
(Table  27)  provides  a  Sleep  mode  marking-engine  criterion  of  3  W,  to  determine  qualification 
under  ENERGY  STAR,  the  manufacturer  would  sum  the  Sleep  mode  marking-engine  criterion 
with the applicable functional-adder allowances to determine the maximum power consumption 
permitted for qualification of the base product: 3 W + 0.6 W.  If  the power consumption of the 
printer  in  Sleep  mode  measures  at  or below  3.6  W,  then  the  printer would  meet  the  ENERGY 
STAR Sleep criterion. 

EN 

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TABLE 25 – Qualifying Products: OM Functional Adders 

Type 

Details 

Functional Adder Allowances (W) 

Primary 

Secondary 

Interfaces 

A. Wired < 20 MHz 

0.3 

0.2 

A physical data- or network-connection port present on the imaging product that is 
capable  of  a  transfer  rate  <  20  MHz.  Includes  USB  1.x,  IEEE488,  IEEE 
1284/Parallel/Centronics and RS232. 

B. Wired ≥ 20 MHz and < 500 MHz  

0.5 

0.2 

A physical data- or network-connection port present on the imaging product that is 
capable  of  a  transfer  rate  ≥  20  MHz  and  <  500  MHz.  Includes  USB  2.x,  IEEE 
1394/FireWire/i.LINK, and 100Mb Ethernet. 

C. Wired ≥ 500 MHz 

1.5 

0.5 

A physical data- or network-connection port present on the imaging product that is 
capable of a transfer rate ≥ 500 MHz. Includes 1G Ethernet. 

D. Wireless 

3.0 

0.7 

A  data-  or  network-connection  interface  present  on  the  imaging  product  that  is 
designed to transfer data via radio-frequency wireless means includes Bluetooth and 
802.11. 

E. Wired card/camera/storage 

0.5 

0.1 

A physical data- or network-connection port present on the imaging product that is 
designed  to  allow  the  connection  of  an  external  device,  such  as  flash  memory-
card/smart-card readers and camera interfaces (including PictBridge).  

G. Infrared 

0.2 

0.2 

A  data-  or  network-connection  interface  present  on  the  imaging  product  that  is 
designed to transfer data via infrared technology. Includes IrDA. 

EN 

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TABLE 25 – Qualifying Products: OM Functional Adders (continued) 

Type 

Details 

Functional Adder Allowances (W) 

Other 

Storage 

Primary 

Secondary 

- 

0.2 

Internal storage drives present on the imaging product. Includes internal drives only 
(e.g., disk drives, DVD drives, Zip drives), and applies to each separate drive. This 
adder does not cover interfaces to external drives (e.g., SCSI) or internal memory. 

Scanners with CCFL lamps 

- 

2.0 

The  presence  of  a  scanner  that  uses  Cold  Cathode  Fluorescent  Lamp  (CCFL) 
technology.  This  adder  is  applied  only  once,  regardless  of  the  lamp  size  or  the 
number of lamps/bulbs employed.  

Scanners with non-CCFL lamps 

- 

0.5 

The presence of a scanner that uses a lamp technology other than CCFL. This adder 
is  applied  only  once,  regardless  of  the  lamp  size  or  the  number  of  lamps/bulbs 
employed.  This  adder  addresses  scanners  using  Light-Emitting  Diode  (LED), 
Halogen,  Hot-Cathode  Fluorescent  Tube  (HCFT),  Xenon,  or  Tubular  Fluorescent 
(TL) technologies. 

PC-based  system  (cannot  print/copy/scan 
without use of significant PC resources) 

- 

-0.5 

This  adder  applies  to  imaging  products  that  rely  on  an  external  computer  for 
significant  resources,  such  as  memory  and  data  processing,  to  perform  basic 
functions  commonly  performed  by  imaging  products  independently,  such  as  page 
rendering.  This  adder  does  not  apply  to  products  that  simply  use  a  computer  as  a 
source or destination for image data.  

Cordless handset 

- 

0.8 

The capability of the imaging product to communicate with a cordless handset. This 
adder is applied only once, regardless of the number of cordless handsets the product 
is  designed  to  handle.  This  adder  does  not  address  the  power  requirements  of  the 
cordless handset itself. 

Memory 

- 

1.0 W per 1 GB 

EN 

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TABLE 25 – Qualifying Products: OM Functional Adders (continued) 

The  internal  capacity  available  in  the  imaging  product  for  storing  data.  This  adder 
applies  to  all  volumes  of  internal  memory  and  should  be  scaled  accordingly.  For 
example, a unit with 2.5 GB of memory would receive an allowance of 2.5 W while 
a unit with 0.5 GB would receive an allowance of 0.5 W. 

Other 

Power-supply (PS) size, based on PS output 
rating (OR)  

[Note:  this  adder  does  not  apply  to 
scanners] 

- 

For PSOR > 10 W,  

0.05 x (PSOR – 10 
W) 

This  adder  applies  to  all  imaging  products  except  for  scanners.  The  allowance  is 
calculated  from  the  internal  or  external  power  supply’s  rated  DC  output  as 
specified  by  the  power  supply  manufacturer.  (It  is  not  a  measured  quantity).  For 
example, a unit that is rated to provide up to 3 A at 12 V has a PSOR of 36 W and 
would receive an allowance of 0.05 x (36-10) = 0.05 x 26 = 1.3 W of power supply 
allowance. For supplies that provide more than one voltage, the sum of power from 
all voltages is used unless the specifications note that there is a rated limit lower than 
this. For example, a supply which can supply 3A of 24 V and 1.5 A of 5 V output 
has a total PSOR of (3 x 24) + (1.5 x 5) = 79.5 W, and an allowance of 3.475 W. 

For the adder allowances shown in Qualifying Products Table 25 above, distinctions 
are made for “Primary” and “Secondary” types of adders. These designations refer to 
the state in which the interface is required to remain while the imaging product is in 
Sleep.  Connections  that  remain  active  during  the  OM  test  procedure  while  the 
imaging  product  is  in  Sleep  are  defined  as  Primary,  while  connections  that  can  be 
inactive  while  the  imaging  product  is  in  Sleep  are  defined  as  Secondary.  Most 
functional adders typically are Secondary types. 

Manufacturers should consider only the adder types that are available on a product in 
its  as-shipped  configuration.  Options  available  to  the  consumer  after  the  product  is 
shipped  or  interfaces  that  are  present  on  the  product’s  externally-powered  digital 
front-end (DFE) should not be considered when applying allowances to the imaging 
product. 

For products with multiple interfaces, these interfaces should be considered as unique 
and  separate.  However,  interfaces  that  perform  multiple  functions  should  only  be 
considered  once.  For  example,  a  USB  connection  that  operates  as  both  1.x  and  2.x 
may be counted only once and given a single allowance. When a particular interface 
may fall under more than one interface Type according to the table, the manufacturer 
should  choose  the  function  that  the  interface  is  primarily  designed  to  perform  when 
determining the appropriate adder allowance. For example, a USB connection on the 
front of the imaging product that is marketed as a PictBridge or “camera interface” in 
product  literature  should  be  considered  a  Type  E  interface  rather  than  a  Type  B 
interface.  Similarly,  a  memory-card-reader  slot  that  supports  multiple  formats  may 
only be counted once. Further, a system that supports more than one type of 802.11 
interface.
may 

wireless 

count 

only 

one 

as 

EN 

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   EN 

 
 
 
TABLE 26 - OM Table 1 

Product(s): Copiers, MFDs 

Size Format(s): Large Format 

Marking Technologies: Color DS, Color TT, DT, Mono DS, Mono EP, Mono TT, 
Color EP, SI 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

58 

TABLE 27 - OM Table 2 

Product(s): Fax Machines, MFDs, Printers 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: Color IJ, Mono IJ 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

3 

TABLE 28 - OM Table 3 

Product(s): MFDs, Printers 

Size Format(s): Large Format 

Marking Technologies: Color IJ, Mono IJ 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

13 

TABLE 29 – OM Table 4 

Product(s): Mailing Machines 

Size Format(s): N/A 

Marking Technologies: DT, Mono EP, Mono IJ, Mono TT 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

3 

EN 

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TABLE 30 - OM Table 5 

Product(s): Printers 

Size Format(s): Small Format 

Marking Technologies: Color DS, DT, Color IJ, Color Impact, Color TT, Mono DS, 
Mono EP, Mono IJ, Mono Impact, Mono TT, Color EP, SI 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

3 

TABLE 31 - OM Table 6 

Product(s): Printers 

Size Format(s): Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: Color Impact, Mono Impact 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

6 

TABLE 32 - OM Table 7 

Product(s): Scanners 

Size Format(s): Large Format, Small Format, Standard-size 

Marking Technologies: N/A 

Scanning Engine 

Sleep (W) 

5 

TABLE 33 - OM Table 8 

Product(s): Printers 

Size Format(s): Large Format 

Marking Technologies: Color DS, Color Impact, Color TT, DT, Mono DS, Mono EP, 
Mono Impact, Mono TT, Color EP, SI 

Marking Engine 

Sleep (W) 

54 

EN 

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D. 

Testing Guidelines 

The specific instructions for testing the energy efficiency of imaging equipment products are 
outlined in three separate sections below entitled: 

–  Typical Electricity Consumption Test Procedure; 

–  Operational Mode Test Procedure; and  

–  Test Conditions and Equipment for ENERGY STAR Imaging Equipment Products. 

The  test  results  produced  by  these  procedures  shall  be  used  as  the  primary  basis  for 
determining ENERGY STAR qualification.  

Manufacturers are required to perform tests and self-certify those product models that meet the 
Energy  Star  guidelines.  Families  of  imaging  equipment  models  that  are  built  on  the  same 
chassis  and  are  identical  in  every  respect  except  for  housing  and  color  may  be  qualified 
through submission of test data for a single, representative model. Likewise, models that are 
unchanged or that differ only in finish from those sold in a previous year may remain qualified 
without the submission of new test data, assuming the specification remains unchanged. 

If a product model is offered in the market in multiple configurations as a product “family” or 
series, the partner may test and report the highest configuration available in the family, rather 
than  each  and  every  individual  model.  When  submitting  model  families,  manufacturers 
continue to be held accountable for any efficiency claims made about their imaging products, 
including those not tested or for which data was not reported. 

Example:  Models  A  and  B  are  identical,  with  the  exception  that  model  A  is  shipped  with  a  wired 
interface > 500 MHz, and model B is shipped with a wired interface < 500 MHz. If model A is tested and 
meets the ENERGY STAR specification, then the partner may report the test data solely for model A, to 
represent both models A and B. 

If  a  product’s  electrical  power  comes  from  Mains,  USB,  IEEE1394,  Power-over-Ethernet, 
telephone system, or any other means or combinations of means, the net AC electrical power 
consumed  by  the  product  (taking  into  account  ac-to-dc  conversion  losses,  as  specified  in  the 
OM test procedure) must be used for qualification. 

1. 

Additional testing and reporting requirements are provided below. 

Number of Units Required for Test 

Testing shall be conducted by the manufacturer or its authorized representative on a 
single unit of a model. 

(a)  For  products  outlined  in  Section  VII.B  Table  15  of  this  specification,  if  the 
initial  unit  tested  has  TEC  test  results  that  meet  the  eligibility  criteria  but  fall 
within 10% of the criteria level, one additional unit of the same model must also 
be  tested.  Manufacturers  shall  report  values  for  both  units.  To  qualify  as 
ENERGY STAR, both units must meet the ENERGY STAR specification. 

(b)  For  products  outlined  in  Section  VII.C  Table  16  of  this  specification,  if  the 
initial  unit  tested  has  OM  test  results  that  meet  the  eligibility  criteria  but  fall 
within 15% of the criteria level in any of the specified operating modes for that 

EN 

80 

   EN 

 
product  type,  then  two  more  units  shall  be  tested.  To  qualify  as  ENERGY 
STAR, all three units must meet the ENERGY STAR specification. 

Submittal  of  Qualified  Product  Data  to  EPA  or  the  European  Commission,  as 
appropriate 

Partners  are  required  to  self-certify  those  product  models  that  meet  the  ENERGY 
STAR  guidelines  and  report  information  to  EPA  or  the  European  Commission,  as 
appropriate.  The  information  to  be  reported  for  products  shall  be  outlined  shortly 
following  publication  of  the  final  specification.  In  addition,  partners  must  submit  to 
EPA  or  the  European  Commission,  as  appropriate,  excerpts  from  product  literature 
that  explain  to  consumers  the  recommended  default  delay-times  for  power 
management  settings.  The  intent  of  this  requirement  is  to  support  that  products  are 
being tested as shipped and recommended for use. 

Models Capable of Operating at Multiple Voltage/Frequency Combinations 

Manufacturers  shall  test  their  products  based  on  the  market(s)  in  which  the  models 
will  be  sold  and  promoted  as  ENERGY  STAR  qualified.  EPA,  the  European 
Commission  and  their  ENERGY  STAR  Country  Partners  have  agreed  upon  a  table 
with  three  voltage/frequency  combinations  for  testing  purposes.  Please  refer  to  the 
Imaging  Equipment  Test  Conditions 
international 
voltage/frequency and paper sizes for each market. 

for  details 

regarding 

For products that are sold as ENERGY STAR in multiple  international markets and 
therefore rated at multiple input voltages, the manufacturer must test at and report the 
required  power  consumption  or  efficiency  values  at  all  relevant  voltage/frequency 
combinations.  For  example,  a  manufacturer  that  is  shipping  the  same  model  to  the 
United States and Europe must measure, meet the specification, and report test values 
at  both  115  Volts/60  Hz  and  230  Volts/50  Hz  in  order  to  qualify  the  model  as 
ENERGY STAR in both markets. If a model qualifies as ENERGY STAR at only one 
voltage/frequency combination (e.g., 115 Volts/60 Hz), then it may only be qualified 
and  promoted  as  ENERGY  STAR  in  those  regions  that  support  the  tested 
voltage/frequency combination (e.g., North America and Taiwan). 

2. 

Typical Electricity Consumption (TEC) Test Procedure 

(a)  Types of Products Covered: The TEC test procedure is for the measurement of 

Standard-size products defined in Section VII.B Table 15. 

(b)  Test Parameters 

This  section  describes  the  test  parameters  to  use  when  measuring  a  product 
under the TEC test procedure. This section does not cover test conditions, which 
are outlined in Section VII.D.4, below. 

Testing in Simplex 

Products shall be tested in simplex mode. Originals for copying shall be simplex 
images. 

Test Image 

EN 

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The test image is Test Pattern A from ISO/IEC standard 10561:1999. It shall be 
rendered in 10 point size in a fixed-width Courier font (or nearest equivalent); 
German-specific  characters  need  not  be reproduced  if  the  product  is  incapable 
of doing so. The image shall be rendered on an 8.5” x 11” or A4 sheet of paper, 
as appropriate for the intended market. For printers and MFDs that can interpret 
a page description language (PDL) (e.g., PCL, Postscript), images shall be sent 
to the product in a PDL. 

Testing in Monochrome 

Color-capable  products  shall  be  tested  making  monochrome  images  unless 
incapable of doing so. 

Auto-off and Network Enabling 

The  product  shall  be  configured  as-shipped  and  recommended  for  use, 
particularly for key parameters such as power-management default-delay times 
and  resolution  (except  as  specified  below).  All  information  from  the 
manufacturer  about  recommended  delay  times  shall  be  consistent  with  the  as-
shipped configuration, including those in operating manuals, on Web sites, and 
that  provided  by  installation  personnel.  If  a  printer,  digital  duplicator  or  MFD 
with print-capability, or fax machine has an Auto-off capability and it is enabled 
as  shipped,  it  shall  be  disabled  prior  to  the  test.  Printers  and  MFDs  that  are 
capable  of  being  network-connected  as-shipped23  shall  be  connected  to  a 
network.  The  type  of  network  connection  (or  other  data  connection  if  not 
capable  of  being  networked)  is  at  the  discretion  of  the  manufacturer,  and  the 
type used shall be reported. Print jobs for the test may be sent over non-network 
connections (e.g., USB), even on those units that are network-connected. 

Product Configuration 

Paper source and finishing hardware shall be present and configured as-shipped 
and recommended for use; however, their use in the test is at the manufacturer’s 
discretion (e.g., any paper source may be used). Anti-humidity features may be 
turned  off  if  user-controllable.  Any  hardware  that  is  part  of  the  model  and 
intended  to  be  installed  or  attached  by  the  user  (e.g.,  a  paper  feature)  shall  be 
installed prior to this test. 

Digital Duplicators 

Digital  duplicators  should  be  set  up  and  used  in  accordance  with  their  design 
and capabilities. For example, each job should include only one original image. 
Digital duplicators shall be tested at maximum claimed speed, which is also the 
speed that should be used to determine the job size for performing the test, not 
at  the  default  speed  as-shipped,  if  different.  Digital  duplicators  shall  be 
otherwise treated as printers, copiers, or MFDs, depending on their capabilities 
as shipped. 

(c) 

Job Structure 

23 

The type of network connection shall be reported. Common types are Ethernet, 802.11, and Bluetooth. 
Common non-network data connection types are USB, Serial, and Parallel. 

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This  section  describes  how  to  determine  the  number  of  images  per  job  to  use 
when measuring a product under the TEC test procedure, and jobs per day for 
the TEC calculation. 

For  purposes  of  this  test  procedure,  the  speed  of  the  product  that  is  used  to 
determine  the  job  size  for  the  test  shall  be  the  manufacturer’s  reported 
maximum claimed simplex speed for making monochrome images on standard-
sized paper (8.5” x 11” or A4), rounded to the nearest integer. This speed will 
also  be  used  for  reporting  purposes  as  the  Product  Speed  of  the  model.  The 
default output speed of the product, which shall be used in the actual testing, is 
not  measured  and  may  differ  from  the maximum claimed speed  due to factors 
such  as  settings  for  resolution,  image  quality,  printing  modes,  document  scan 
time, job size and structure, and paper size and weight. 

Fax machines should always test with one image per job. The number of images 
per job to be used for all other IE products shall be computed according to the 
following three steps. For convenience, Table 37 provides the resultant images 
per job computation for each integral Product Speed up through 100 images per 
minute (ipm). 

(i)  Calculate the number of jobs per day. The number of jobs per day varies 

with Product Speed: 

–  For units with a speed of eight ipm or less, use eight jobs per day. 

–  For  units  with  a  speed  between  eight  and  32  ipm,  the  number  of  jobs  per  day  is 

equal to the speed. For example, a 14 ipm unit shall use 14 jobs per day. 

–  For units with a speed of 32 ipm and above, use 32 jobs per day. 

(ii)  Calculate  the  nominal  amount  of  images  per  day24  from  Table  34.  For 
example, a 14 ipm unit shall use 0.50 x 142, or 98 images per day.  

TABLE 34 Imaging Equipment Job Table 

Product type 

Rating to use 

Formula (images per day) 

Monochrome (except fax)  monochrome speed 0.50 x ipm2 
monochrome speed 0.50 x ipm2 
Color (except fax) 

(iii)  Calculate the number of images per job by dividing the number of images per 
day  by  the  number  of  jobs  per  day.  Round  down  (truncate)  to  the  nearest 
integer. For example, a figure of 15.8 indicates that 15 images should be made 
per job, rather than rounding to 16 images per job. 

For  copiers  below  20  ipm,  there  shall  be  one  original  per  required  image.  For 
jobs with large numbers of images, such as those for machines greater than 20 
ipm, it may not be possible to match the number of required images, particularly 
with limits on the capacity of document feeders. Therefore, copiers 20 ipm and 

24 

Interim Images/Day in Table 37. 

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above  may  make  multiple  copies  of  each  original  as  long  as  the  number  of 
originals  is  at  least  ten.  This  may  result  in  more  images  being  made  than 
required. As an example, for a 50 ipm unit that requires 39 images per job, the 
test may be done with four copies of ten originals or three copies of 13 originals. 

(d)  Measurement Procedures 

To  measure  time,  an  ordinary  stopwatch  and  timing  to  a  resolution  of  one 
second is sufficient. All energy figures are to be recorded as watt-hours (Wh). 
All time is to be recorded in seconds or minutes. “Zero meter” references are to 
the "Wh" readout of the meter. Tables 35 and 36 outline the steps of the TEC 
procedure. 

Service/maintenance  modes  (including  color  calibration)  should  generally  not 
be included in TEC measurements. Any such modes that occur during the test 
shall be noted. If a service mode occurs during a job other than the first, that job 
may be dropped and a substitute job added to the test. In the case a substitute 
job is needed, do not record the energy values for the dropped job and add the 
substitute  job  immediately  after  Job  4.  The  15-minute  job  interval  shall  be 
maintained at all times, including for the job that is dropped. 

MFDs  without  print  capability  are  to  be  treated  as  copiers  for  all  purposes  of 
this test procedure. 

(i) 

Procedure  for  Printers,  Digital  Duplicators  and  MFDs  with  Print 
Machines
Capability, 

Fax 

and 

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TABLE 35 - TEC Test Procedure — Printers, Digital Duplicators and MFDs with Print 
Capability, and Fax Machines 

Step 

Initial 
State 

Action 

Record 
(at 
step) 

end 

Possible  States 
Measured 

of 

1 

Off 

Plug  the  unit  into  meter.  Zero  the  meter; 
wait test period (five minutes or more). 

Off energy 

Off 

Testing 
Interval time 

Off 

Turn  on  unit.  Wait  until  unit  indicates  it  is 
in Ready mode. 

– 

– 

Ready  Print a job of at least one output image but 

Active0 time 

– 

no more than a single job per Job Table.  
Record time to first sheet exiting unit. Wait 
until  the  meter  shows  that  the  unit  has 
entered its final Sleep mode. 
Zero meter; wait one hour. 
Zero meter and timer. Print one job per Job 
Table.  Record  time  to  first  sheet  exiting 
unit. Wait until timer shows that 15 minutes 
have elapsed. 
Ready  Repeat Step 5. 

Sleep 
Sleep 

Ready  Repeat  Step  5 

(without  Active 

time 

measurement). 

Sleep energy 
Job1 energy 

Active1 time 

Sleep 
Recovery, 
Active,  Ready, 
Sleep 

Job2 energy 
Active2 time 
Job3 energy 

Same as above 

Same as above 

Ready  Repeat  Step  5 

(without  Active 

time 

Job4 energy 

Same as above 

measurement). 

Ready  Zero  meter  and  timer.  Wait  until  meter 
and/or  unit  shows  that  unit  has  entered  its 
final Sleep mode. 

Final time 

Ready, Sleep 

Final energy 

– 

2 

3 

4 
5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Notes: 

–  Before beginning the test, it is helpful to check the power management default-delay times to ensure they are 

as-shipped, and to confirm that there is plenty of paper in the device. 

–  “Zero meter” references may be accomplished by recording the accumulated energy consumption at that time 

rather than literally zeroing the meter. 

–  Step 1 – The Off measurement period can be longer if desired to reduce measurement error. Note that the Off 

power is not used in the calculations. 

–  Step 2 – If the unit has no Ready indicator, use the time at which the power consumption level stabilizes to the 

Ready level. 

–  Step 3 – After recording the Active0 time, the remainder of this job can be canceled. 

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–  Step 5 – The 15 minutes is from the job initiation. The unit must show increased energy consumption within 
five  seconds  of  zeroing  the  meter  and  timer;  it  may  be  necessary  to  initiate  the  printing  before  zeroing  to 
assure this. 

–  Step 6 – A unit that is shipped with short default-delay times might begin Steps 6-8 from Sleep. 

–  Step 9 – Units may have multiple Sleep modes so that all but the last Sleep mode are included in the Final 

period. 

Each  image  shall  be  sent  separately;  they  all  may  be  part  of  the  same 
document, but shall not be specified in the document as multiple copies of 
a  single  original  image  (unless  the  product  is  a  digital  duplicator,  as 
specified in Section VII.D.2(b)). 

For fax machines, which only use one image per job, the page shall be fed 
into  the  unit’s  document  feeder  for  convenience  copying,  and  may  be 
placed in the document feeder before the test begins. The unit need not be 
connected  to  a  telephone  line  unless  the  telephone  line  is  necessary  for 
performing  the  test.  For  example,  if  the  fax  machine  lacks  convenience 
copying  capability,  then  the  job  performed  in  Step  2  shall  be  sent  via 
phone line. On fax machines without a document feeder, the page should 
be placed on the platen. 

(ii)  Procedure  for  Copiers,  Digital  Duplicators,  and  MFDs  without  Print 

Capability 

TABLE 36 - TEC Test Procedure — Copiers, Digital Duplicators, and MFDs without Print 
Capability 

Step 

Initial 
State 

Action 

Record 
(at 
step) 

end 

Possible  States 
Measured 

of 

1 

Off 

Plug the unit into meter. Zero the meter; wait 
test period (five minutes or more). 

Off energy 

Off 

Testing 
Interval time 

2 

3 

Off 

Turn on unit. Wait until unit indicates it is in 
Ready mode. 

– 

– 

Ready  Copy a job of at least one image but no more 
than  a  single  job  per  Job  Table.  Record  time 
to first sheet exiting unit. Wait until the meter 
shows that the unit has entered its final Sleep 
mode. 

Active0 time 

– 

4 

Sleep 

Zero meter; Wait one hour. If unit turns Off in 
less than one hour, record time and energy in 
Sleep,  but  wait  full  hour  before  moving  to 
Step 5. 

Sleep energy 

Sleep 

Testing 
Interval time 

5 

Sleep 

Zero  meter  and  timer.  Copy  one  job  per  Job  Job1 energy 

Recovery, 

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Step 

Initial 
State 

Action 

Table. Record time to first sheet exiting unit. 
Wait  until  timer  shows  that  15  minutes  has 
elapsed. 

Ready  Repeat Step 5. 

Ready  Repeat  Step  5 

(without  Active 

time 

measurement). 

Record 
(at 
step) 

end 

Possible  States 
Measured 

of 

Active1 time  Active,  Ready, 
Sleep, Auto-off 

Job2 energy 
Active2 time 
Job3 energy 

Same as above 

Same as above 

Ready  Repeat  Step  5 

(without  Active 

time 

Job4 energy 

Same as above 

measurement). 

Ready  Zero meter and timer. Wait until meter and/or 
unit  shows  that  unit  has  entered  its  Auto-off 
mode. 
Zero the meter; wait test period (five minutes 
or more).  

Auto-
off 

Final energy 

Ready, Sleep 

Final time 

Auto-off 
energy 

Auto-off 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Notes: 

–  Before beginning the test, it is helpful to check the power management default-delay times to ensure they are 

as-shipped, and to confirm that there is plenty of paper in the device.  

–  “Zero meter” references may be accomplished by recording the accumulated energy consumption at that time 

rather than literally zeroing the meter. 

–  Step 1 – The Off measurement period can be longer if desired to reduce measurement error. Note that the Off 

power is not used in the calculations. 

–  Step 2 – If the unit has no Ready indicator, use the time at which the power consumption level stabilizes to the 

Ready level. 

–  Step 3 – After recording the Active0 time, the remainder of this job can be canceled. 

–  Step 4 – If the unit turns off within this hour, record the Sleep energy and time at that point in time, but wait 
until a full hour has elapsed since the final Sleep mode was initiated before beginning Step 5. Note that the 
Sleep power measurement is not used within the calculation, and the unit may enter Auto-off within the full 
hour. 

–  Step 5 – The 15 minutes is from the job initiation. In order to be evaluated by this test procedure, products 

must be able to complete the required job per the Job Table within the 15-minute job interval. 

–  Step 6 – A unit that is shipped with short default-delay times might begin Steps 6-8 from Sleep or Auto-off. 

–  Step 9 – If the unit has already entered Auto-off before the start of Step 9, then the values for final energy and 

final time are zero.  

–  Step 10 – The Auto-off testing interval may be longer to improve accuracy. 

Originals  may  be  placed  in  the  document  feeder  before  the  test  begins. 
Products without a document feeder may make all images off of a single 
original placed on the platen. 

(iii)  Additional Measurement for Products with a Digital Front End (DFE) 

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This step applies only to products that have a DFE as defined in Section 
VII.A.29. 

If  the  DFE  has  a  separate  mains  power  cord,  regardless  of  whether  the 
cord and controller are internal or external to the imaging product, a five-
minute  energy  measurement  of  the  DFE  alone  shall  be  made  while  the 
main product is in Ready mode. The unit must be connected to a network 
if network-capable as shipped. 

If the DFE does not have a separate mains power cord, the manufacturer 
shall  document  the  ac  power  required  for  the  DFE  when  the  unit  as  a 
whole is in a Ready mode. This will most commonly be accomplished by 
taking  an  instantaneous  power  measurement  of  the  dc  input  to  the  DFE 
and increasing this power level to account for losses in the power supply. 

(e)  Calculation Methods 

The TEC value reflects assumptions about how many hours a day the product is 
in general use, the pattern of use during those hours, and the default-delay times 
that  the  product  uses  to  transition  to  lower  power  modes.  All  electricity 
measurements are made as accumulated energy over time, and then converted to 
power by dividing by the length of the time period. 

The calculations are based on imaging jobs being in two clusters each day with 
the unit going to its lowest power mode in between (as during a lunch break), as 
illustrated  in  Figure  2,  which  can  be  found  at  the  end  of  this  document.  It  is 
assumed that weekends have no usage, and no manual switching-off is done. 

Final Time is the period of time from the last job being initiated to the start of 
the  lowest  power  mode  (Auto-off  for  copiers,  digital  duplicators  and  MFDs 
without  print-capability;  and  Sleep  for  printers,  digital  duplicators  and  MFDs 
with print-capability, and fax machines) minus the 15-minute job interval time. 

The following two equations are used for all product types: 

Average Job Energy = (Job2 + Job3 + Job4) / 3 

Daily Job Energy = (Job1 × 2) + [(Jobs per Day – 2) × Average Job Energy)] 

The  calculation  method  for  printers,  digital  duplicators  and  MFDs  with 
print-capability, and fax machines also uses the following three equations:  

Daily Sleep Energy = [24 hours – ((Jobs per day / 4 ) + (Final Time × 2))] × 
Sleep Power 

Daily Energy = Daily Job Energy + (2 × Final Energy) + Daily Sleep Energy  

TEC = (Daily Energy × 5) + (Sleep Power × 48) 

The  calculation  method  for  copiers,  digital  duplicators,  and  MFDs  without 
print-capability also uses the following three equations: 

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Daily Auto-off Energy = [24 hours – ((Jobs per day / 4 ) + (Final Time × 2))] × 
Auto-off Power 

Daily Energy  =  Daily  Job  Energy  +  (2  ×  Final  Energy)  +  Daily  Auto-off 
Energy  

TEC = (Daily Energy × 5) + (Auto-off Power × 48) 

The  specifications  of  the  metering  equipment  and  ranges  used  in  each 
measurement shall be reported. Measurements must be conducted so as to result 
in a total potential error of the TEC value of no more than 5%. Accuracy does 
not need to be reported for cases where the potential error is below 5%. When 
the  potential  measurement  error  is  close  to  5%,  manufacturers  should  take 
measures to confirm that it complies with the 5% limit. 

(f)  References 

ISO/IEC 10561:1999. Information technology — Office equipment — Printing 
devices — Method for measuring throughput — Class 1 and Class 2 printers. 

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TABLE 37 - Job Table Calculated 

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FIGURE 2 - TEC Measurement Procedure 

Figure 2 shows a graphic form of the measurement procedure. Note that products with short 
default-delay times may include periods of Sleep within the four job measurements, or Auto-
off within the Sleep measurement in Step 4. Also, print-capable products with just one Sleep 
mode will not have a Sleep mode in the final period. Step 10 only applies to copiers, digital 
duplicators, and MFDs without print-capability. 

FIGURE 3 - A Typical Day 

Figure  3  shows  a  schematic  example  of  an  eight-ipm  copier  that  performs  four  jobs  in 
morning,  four  jobs  in  afternoon,  has  two  "final"  periods  and  an  Auto-off  mode  for  the 
remainder of the workday and all of the weekend. An assumed “lunchtime” period is implied 
but not explicit. The figure is not drawn to scale. As shown, jobs are always 15 minutes apart 
and in two clusters. There are always two full “final” periods regardless of the length of these 
periods.  Printers,  digital  duplicators  and  MFDs  with  print  capability,  and  fax  machines  use 
Sleep rather than Auto-off as the base mode but are otherwise treated the same as copiers. 

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3. 

Operational Mode (OM) Test Procedure 

(a)  Types of Products Covered: The OM Test Procedure is for the measurement of 

products defined in Section VII.B, Table 16. 

(b)  Test Parameters 

This  section  describes  the  test  parameters  to  use  when  measuring  a  product’s 
power consumption under the OM Test Procedure.  

Network Connectivity 

Products  that  are  capable  of  being  network-connected  as-shipped25  shall  be 
connected to at least one network during the test procedure. The type of network 
connection  that  is  active  is  at  the  discretion  of  the  manufacturer,  and  the  type 
used shall be reported. 

The  product  shall  not  receive  operating  power  over  the  network  connection 
(e.g., via Power over Ethernet, USB, USB PlusPower, or IEEE 1394) unless that 
is the only source of power for the product (i.e., no ac power source is present). 

Product Configuration 

The  product  shall  be  configured  as  shipped  and  recommended  for  use, 
particularly for key parameters such as power management default-delay times, 
print quality, and resolution. In addition: 

Paper source and finishing hardware shall be present and configured as shipped; 
however,  use  of  these  features  in  the  test  is  at  the  manufacturer’s  discretion 
(e.g.,  any  paper  source  may  be  used).  Any  hardware  that  is  part  of  the  model 
and intended to be installed or attached by the user (e.g., a paper feature) shall 
be installed prior to this test. 

Anti-humidity features may be turned off if they are user-controllable.  

For  fax  machines,  a  page  shall  be  fed  into  the  unit’s  document  feeder  for 
convenience copying, and may be placed in the document feeder before the test 
begins. The unit need not be connected to a telephone line unless the telephone 
line is necessary for performing the test. For example, if the fax machine lacks 
convenience copying capability, then the job performed in Step 2 shall be sent 
via phone line. On fax machines without a document feeder, the page should be 
placed on the platen. 

If a product has an Auto-off mode enabled as shipped, it shall be enabled prior 
to performing the test. 

Speed 

25 

The type of network connection shall be reported. Common network types are Ethernet, WiFi (802.11), 
and Bluetooth. Common data (non-network) connection types are USB, Serial, and Parallel. 

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When  conducting  power  measurements  under  this  test  procedure,  the  product 
shall produce images at the speed resultant from its default settings as shipped. 
However,  the  manufacturer’s  reported  maximum  claimed  simplex  speed  for 
making monochrome images on standard-sized paper shall be used for reporting 
purposes. 

(c)  Power Measurement Method 

All power measurements are to be made in accordance with IEC 62301 with the 
following exceptions: 

To determine the voltage/frequency combinations to be used during testing, see 
the  Test  Conditions  and  Equipment  for  ENERGY  STAR  Imaging  Equipment 
Products in Section VII.D.4. 

The harmonics requirement used during testing is that specified in the IE Test 
Conditions document, which is more stringent than that required by IEC 62301.  

The  accuracy  requirement  for  this  OM  test  procedure  is  2%  for  all 
measurements  except  for  Ready  power.  The  accuracy  requirement  for 
measuring  Ready  power  is  5%,  as  provided  in  the  IE  Test  Conditions 
document.The  2%  figure  is  consistent  with  IEC  62301,  although  the  IEC 
standard expresses it as a confidence level. 

For  products  designed  to  operate  using  batteries  when  not  connected  to  the 
mains, the battery shall be left in place for the test; however, the measurement 
should not reflect active battery charging beyond maintenance charging (i.e., the 
battery should be fully charged before beginning the test). 

Products  with  external  power  supplies  shall  be  tested  with  the  product 
connected to the external power supply. 

Products  powered  by  a  standard  low  voltage  dc  supply  (e.g.,  USB,  USB 
PlusPower,  IEEE  1394,  and  Power  Over  Ethernet)  shall  utilize  a  suitable  ac-
powered source of the dc power. This ac-powered source’s energy consumption 
shall  be  measured  and  reported  for  the  imaging  equipment  product  under  test. 
For  imaging  equipment  powered  by  USB,  a  powered  hub  serving  only  the 
imaging equipment being tested shall be used. For imaging equipment powered 
by  Power  Over  Ethernet  or  USB  PlusPower,  it  is  acceptable  to  measure  the 
power distribution device with and without the imaging product connected, and 
use  this  difference  as  the  imaging  product’s  consumption.  The  manufacturer 
should confirm that this reasonably reflects the unit’s dc consumption plus some 
allowance for power supply and distribution inefficiency. 

(d)  Measurement Procedure 

To  measure  time,  an  ordinary  stopwatch  and  timing  to  a  resolution  of  one 
second is sufficient. All power figures are to be recorded in watts (W). Table 38 
outlines the steps of the OM test procedure. 

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Service/maintenance  modes  (including  color  calibration)  generally  should  not 
be  included  in  measurements.  Any  adaptation  of  the  procedure  needed  to 
exclude such modes that occur during the test shall be noted. 

As  stated  above,  all  power  measurements  are  to  be  made  in  accordance  with 
IEC  62301.  Depending  on  the  nature  of  the  mode,  IEC  62301  provides  for 
instantaneous  power  measurements, 
energy 
measurements, or accumulated energy measurements over periods long enough 
to properly assess cyclical consumption patterns. Regardless of the method, only 
power values should be reported. 

accumulated 

five-minute 

TABLE 38 - OM Test Procedure 

Action 

Record 

Plug  the  unit  into  meter.  Turn  on  unit.  Wait  until  unit 
indicates it is in Ready mode.  
Print, copy, or scan a single image.  
Measure Ready power. 
Wait default delay-time to Sleep. 

Measure Sleep power. 
Wait default delay time to Auto-off. 

–  

– 
Ready power 
Sleep  default-
delay time 
Sleep power 
Auto-off 
default-delay 
time 
Auto-off 
power 

– 

Off power 

Auto-off  Measure Auto-off power. 

Off 
Off 

Manually turn device off. Wait until unit is off. 
Measure Off power. 

Initial 
State 

Off 

Ready 
Ready 
Ready 

Sleep 
Sleep 

Step 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 

8 
9 

Notes: 

–  Before beginning the test, it is helpful to check the power management default-delay times to ensure they are 

as shipped.  

–  Step 1 – If the unit has no Ready indicator, use the time at which the power consumption level stabilizes to the 

Ready level, and note this detail when reporting the product test data. 

–  Steps 4 and 5 – For products with more than one Sleep level, repeat these steps as many times as necessary to 
capture  all  successive  Sleep  levels  and  report  this  data.  Two  Sleep  levels  are  typically  used  in  large-format 
copiers and MFDs that use high-heat marking technologies. For products lacking this mode, disregard Steps 4 
and 5. 

–  Steps 4 and 6 – Default-delay time measurements are to be measured in parallel fashion, cumulative from the 
start of Step 4. For example, a product set to enter a Sleep level in 15 minutes and enter a second Sleep level 
30 minutes after entering the first Sleep level will have a 15-minute default-delay time to the first level and a 
45-minute default-delay time to the second level. 

–  Steps  6  and  7  –  Most  OM  products  do  not  have  a  distinct  Auto-off  mode.  For  products  lacking  this  mode, 

disregard Steps 6 and 7. 

–  Step 8 – If the unit has no power switch, wait until it enters its lowest power mode and note this detail when 

reporting the product test data. 

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(i)  Additional Measurement for Products with a Digital Front End (DFE) 

This step applies only to products that have a DFE as defined in Section 
VII.A.29. 

If  the  DFE  has  a  separate  mains  power  cord,  regardless  of  whether  the 
cord and controller are internal or external to the imaging product, a five-
minute  energy  measurement  of  the  DFE  alone  shall  be  made  while  the 
main product is in Ready mode. The unit must be connected to a network 
if network-capable as shipped. 

If the DFE does not have a separate mains power cord, the manufacturer 
shall  document  the  ac  power  required  for  the  DFE  when  the  unit  as  a 
whole is in a Ready mode. This will most commonly be accomplished by 
taking  an  instantaneous  power  measurement  of  the  dc  input  to  the  DFE 
and increasing this power level to account for losses in the power supply. 

(e)  References 

IEC  62301:2005.  Household  Electrical  Appliances  –  Measurement  of  Standby 
Power 

4. 

Test Conditions and Equipment for ENERGY STAR Imaging Equipment Products  

The following test conditions shall be applied to the OM and TEC Test Procedures. 
These  cover  copiers,  digital  duplicators,  fax  machines,  mailing  machines, 
multifunction devices, printers, and scanners. 

Below are the ambient test conditions that must be established when performing the 
energy  or  power  measurements.  These  are  necessary  to  ensure  that  variance  in 
ambient  conditions  does  not  affect  the  test  results,  and  that  test  results  are 
reproducible. Specifications for test equipment follow the test conditions. 

(a)  Test Conditions 

General Criteria: 

Supply Voltage*:  

North 
America/Taiwan:  

115 (± 1%) Volts AC, 60 Hz (± 1%) 

Europe/Australia/New 
Zealand:  

230  (±  1%)  Volts  AC,  50  Hz  (±  1%) 

Japan:  

100 (± 1%) Volts AC, 50 Hz (± 1%)/60 Hz 
(± 1%)  

Note: For  products  rated  for  >  1.5  kW 
maximum power, the voltage range is ± 4% 

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Total  Harmonic  Distortion 
(THD) (Voltage):  

<  2%  THD  (<  5%  for  products  which  are  rated  for  >  1.5  kW 
maximum power) 

Ambient Temperature:  

23°C ± 5°C  

Relative Humidity:  

10 – 80 %  

(Reference  IEC  62301:  Household  Electrical  Appliances  –  Measurement  of  Standby  Power, 
Sections 3.2, 3.3) 

*Supply Voltage: Manufacturers shall test their products based on the market in which the partner intends to sell 
the  products  as  ENERGY  STAR  qualified.  For  equipment  that  is  sold  in  multiple  international  markets  and 
therefore rated at multiple input voltages, the manufacturer must test at and report all relevant voltages and power 
consumption levels. For example, a manufacturer that is shipping the same printer model to the United States and 
Europe  must  measure  and  report  the  TEC  or  OM  values  at  both  115  Volts/60  Hz  and  230  Volts/50  Hz.  If  a 
product is designed to operate at a voltage/frequency combination in a specific market that is different from the 
voltage/frequency  combination  for  that  market  (e.g.,  230  Volts,  60  Hz  in  North  America),  the  manufacturer 
should test the product at the regional combination that most closely matches the product’s design capabilities and 
note this fact on the test reporting sheet. 

Paper Specifications: 

For all TEC tests and for OM tests that require the use of paper, the paper size 
and basis weight shall be appropriate to the intended market, per the following 
table. 

Paper Size and Weight 

Market 

North 
America/Taiwan:  

Size 

8.5” x 11” 

Basis Weight 
75 g/m2 

Europe/Australia/New 
Zealand: 

Japan: 

A4 

A4 

80 g/m2 

64 g/m2 

(b) 

Test Equipment 

The  goal  of  the  test  procedures  is  to  accurately  measure  the  TRUE  power 
consumption26 of the product. This necessitates the use of a True RMS power 
or energy meter. There are many such meters available, and manufacturers need 
to exercise care in selecting an appropriate model. The  following factors must 
be considered when selecting a meter and conducting the test. 

Frequency  Response:  Electronic  equipment  that  contains  switching  power 
supplies introduces harmonics (odd harmonics typically up to the 21st). If these 
harmonics  are  not  accounted  for  in  power  measurement,  the  result  will  be 

26 

True  power  is  defined  as  (volts)x(amps)x(power  factor),  and  is  typically  reported  as  Watts.  Apparent 
power  is  defined  as  (volts)x(amps),  and  is  usually  expressed  in  terms  of  VA  or  volt-amps.  The  power 
factor for equipment with switching power supplies is always less than 1.0, so true power is always less 
than  apparent  power.  Accumulated  energy  measurements  sums  power  measurements  over  a  period  of 
time and so also need to be based on measurements of true power. 

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inaccurate.  EPA  recommends  that  manufacturers  use  meters  that  have  a 
frequency response of at least 3 kHz; this will account for harmonics up to the 
50th, and is recommended by IEC 555. 

Resolution:  For  direct  power  measurements,  resolution  of  metering  equipment 
shall be consistent with the following requirements of IEC 62301: 

“The power measurement instrument shall have a resolution of:  

– 

– 

– 

0.01 W or better for power measurements of 10 W or less.  

0.1 W or better for power measurements of greater than 10 W up to 100 
W 

1 W or better for power measurements of greater than 100 W.”27 

In  addition,  the  measurement  instrument  shall  have  a  resolution  of  10  W  or 
better  for  power  measurements  greater  than  1.5  kW. Measurements  of 
accumulated energy should have resolutions which are generally consistent with 
these  values  when  converted  to  average  power. For  accumulated  energy 
measurements,  the  figure  of  merit  for  determining  required  accuracy  is  the 
maximum power value during the measurement period, not the average, since it 
is the maximum that determines the metering equipment and setup. 

Accuracy 

Measurements made with these procedures shall in all cases have an accuracy of 
5%  or  better,  though  manufacturers  will  usually  achieve  better  than  this.  Test 
procedures may specify greater accuracy than 5% for some measurements. With 
knowledge  of  the  power  levels  of  current  imaging  products  and  the  meters 
available, manufacturers can calculate the maximum error based on the reading 
and the range utilized for the reading. For measurements of 0.50 W or less, the 
required accuracy is 0.02 W. 

Calibration 

Meters must have been calibrated within the last 12 months to ensure accuracy. 

E. 

User Interface 

Manufacturers  are strongly recommended to design products in accordance with IEEE 1621: 
Standard  for  User  Interface  Elements  in  Power  Control  of  Electronic  Devices  Employed  in 
Office/Consumer  Environments.  This  standard  was  developed  to  make  power  controls  more 
consistent  and  intuitive  across  all  electronic  devices.  For  details  on  the  development  of  this 
standard, see http://eetd.lbl.gov/controls. 

F. 

Effective Date 

The  date  that  manufacturers  may  begin  to  qualify  products  as  ENERGY  STAR  under  the 
Version  1.0  specification,  will  be  defined  as  the  effective  date  of  the  agreement.  Any 

27 

IEC 62301 – Household Electrical Appliances – Measurement of Standby Power 2005. 

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previously  executed  agreement  on  the  subject  of  ENERGY  STAR  qualified  imaging 
equipment shall be terminated effective March 31, 2007. 

Qualifying and Labeling Products under Version 1.0: 

The Version 1.0 specification shall commence on April 1, 2007, with the exception of digital 
duplicators.  All  products,  including  models  originally  qualified  under  previous  imaging 
equipment specifications, with a date of manufacture on or after the effective date, must meet 
the new Version 1.0 requirements in order to qualify for ENERGY STAR (including additional 
manufacturing runs of models originally qualified under previous specifications). The date of 
manufacture is specific to each unit and is the date (e.g., month and year) on which a unit is 
considered to be completely assembled. 

a. 

b. 

c. 

Tier  I  –  Tier  I  shall  commence  on  April  1,  2007.  Tier  I  applies  to  all  products 
described in Section VII.B of this specification. 

Tier II – Tier II shall commence on April 1, 2009. Tier II will apply to the maximum 
TEC levels for all TEC products, as well as to Standby levels for Large-format OM 
products  and  mailing  machines.  In  addition,  the  definitions,  products  addressed,  the 
manner  in  which  they  are  addressed,  and  levels  included  for  all  products  under  this 
Version 1.0 specification may be reconsidered. EPA will inform stakeholders of plans 
to make such changes at most six months following the effective date of Tier I. 

Digital  Duplicators  –  Tier  I  of  the  Version  1.0  specification  becomes  effective  for 
digital  duplicators  upon  finalization  of  the  agreement  between  the  European 
Community and the US EPA. 

Elimination of Grandfathering: 

EPA  and  the  European  Commission  will  not  allow  grandfathering  under  this  Version  1.0 
ENERGY  STAR  specification.  ENERGY  STAR  qualification  under  previous  Versions  is 
not  automatically  granted  for  the  life  of  the  product  model.  Therefore,  any  product  sold, 
marketed, or identified by the manufacturing partner as ENERGY STAR must meet the current 
specification in effect at the time of manufacture of the product. 

G. 

Future Specification Revisions 

EPA  and  the  European  Commission  reserve  the  right  to  change  the  specification  should 
technological  and/or  market  changes  affect  its  usefulness  to  consumers,  industry,  or  the 
environment.  In  keeping  with  current  policy,  revisions  to  the  specification  are  arrived  at 
through stakeholder discussions. EPA and the  European Commission will periodically assess 
the market in terms of energy efficiency and new  technologies. As  always, stakeholders will 
have an opportunity to share their data, submit proposals, and voice any concerns. EPA and the 
European Commission will strive to ensure that the specification recognizes the most energy 
efficient models in the marketplace and reward those manufacturers who have made efforts to 
further improve energy efficiency. 

a. 

Color  Testing:  Based  on  submitted  test  data,  future  consumer  preferences,  and 
engineering  advancements,  EPA  and  the  European  Commission  may  modify  this 
specification at some point in the future to include color-imaging in the test method. 

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b. 

c. 

Recovery Time: EPA and the European Commission will closely monitor incremental 
and  absolute  recovery  times  as  reported  by  partners  testing  to  the  TEC  method,  as 
well  as  partner-submitted  documentation  regarding  recommended  default  delay 
settings.  EPA  and  the  European  Commission  will  consider  modification  of  this 
specification  to  address  recovery  time  should  it  become  apparent  that  manufacturer 
practices are resulting in user disabling of power management modes. 

Addressing OM Products Under TEC: Based on submitted test data, opportunities for 
greater  energy  savings,  and  engineering  advancements,  EPA  and  the  European 
Commission  may  modify  this  specification  at  some  point  in  the  future  to  address 
products  that  are  currently  treated  by  the  OM  approach  under  the  TEC  approach, 
including Large-format and Small-format products, as well as products that employ IJ 
technology. 

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