Proposal for a Council Regulation imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed on imports of chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of China
Date: 2006-08-07
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: China, animal skin, anti-dumping duty, anti-dumping legislation, leather, originating product

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 7.8.2006 
COM(2006) 442 final 

Proposal for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION 

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively the provisional duty 
imposed on imports of chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of China 

(presented by the Commission) 

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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 

1)  CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL 

•  Grounds for and objectives of the proposal 

This  proposal  concerns  the  application  of  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  384/96  of 
22 December 1995 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members 
of  the  European  Community,  as  last  amended  by  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No 
2117/2005 of 23.12.2005 (‘the basic Regulation’) in the proceeding concerning imports 
of chamois leather from the People’s Republic of China (‘the PRC’). 

•  General context 

This proposal is made in the context of the implementation of the basic Regulation and 
is the result of an investigation which was carried out in line with the substantive and 
procedural requirements laid out in the basic Regulation. 

•  Existing provisions in the area of the proposal 

Provisional  measures  which  were  imposed  by  Commission  Regulation  (EC)  No 
439/2006 of 16 March 2006. 

•  Consistency with other policies and objectives of the Union 

Not applicable. 

2)  CONSULTATION OF INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT 

•  Consultation of interested parties 

Interested  parties  concerned  by  the  proceeding  have  already  had  the  possibility  to 
defend their interests during the investigation, in line with the provisions of the basic 
Regulation. 

•  Collection and use of expertise 

There was no need for external expertise. 

•  Impact assessment 

This proposal is the result of the implementation of the basic Regulation. 

The  basic  Regulation  does  not  foresee  a  general  impact  assessment  but  contains  an 
exhaustive list of conditions that have to be assessed. 

3)  LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE PROPOSAL 

•  Summary of the proposed action 

On  25  June  2005,  the  Commission,  by  a  way  of  a  notice  published  in  the  Official 

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Journal  of  the  European  Union,  initiated  an  anti-dumping  proceeding  concerning 
imports of chamois leather originating in the PRC. 

The attached proposal to impose definitive measures is based on the definitive findings 
which  confirmed  the  existence  of  dumping  and  injury,  showed  the  link  between 
material injury suffered by the Community industry and the dumped imports, and did 
not reveal any compelling reasons that the imposition of measures would be against the 
Community interest.  

It is therefore proposed that the Council adopts the attached proposal for a Regulation 
which should be published in the Official Journal of the European Union.  

•  Legal basis 

Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  384/96  of  22  December  1995  on  protection  against 
dumped  imports  from  countries  not  members  of  the  European  Community,  as  last 
amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 2117/2005 of 23.12.2005. 

•  Subsidiarity principle 

The proposal falls under the exclusive competence of the Community. The subsidiarity 
principle therefore does not apply. 

•  Proportionality principle 

The proposal complies with the proportionality principle for the following reasons. 

The form of action is described in the above-mentioned basic Regulation and leaves no 
scope for national decision. 

Indication  of  how  financial  and  administrative  burden  falling  upon  the  Community, 
national governments, regional and local authorities, economic operators and citizens is 
minimized and proportionate to the objective of the proposal is not applicable. 

•  Choice of instruments 

Proposed instruments: regulation. 

Other  means  would  not  be  adequate  because  the  basic  Regulation  does  not  foresee 
alternative options. 

4)  BUDGETARY IMPLICATION 

The proposal has no implication for the Community budget. 

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Proposal for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION 

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively the provisional duty 
imposed on imports of chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of China 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, 

Having  regard  to  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  384/961  of  22  December  1995  on  protection 
against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community, (‘the basic 
Regulation’) and in particular Article 9 thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission after consulting the Advisory Committee, 

Whereas: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

A. 

PROVISIONAL MEASURES 

On  16  March  2006,  the  Commission,  by  Regulation  (EC)  No  439/20062  (‘the 
provisional Regulation’), imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports into the 
Community  of  chamois  leather  originating  in  the  People’s  Republic  of  China  (‘the 
PRC’). 

B. 

SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE 

Following the disclosure of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which 
it  was  decided  to  impose  the  said  provisional  anti-dumping  measures,  several 
interested parties made written submissions containing their views on the provisional 
findings. No parties requested to be heard. 

A Chinese exporting producer and an importer which had not made themselves known 
to  the  Commission  before  the  imposition  of  provisional  measures,  protested  against 
the imposition of definitive anti-dumping duties, without substantiating any arguments 
that  would  put  into  question  the  facts  and  considerations  on  the  basis  of  which 
provisional measures were imposed. These companies were in any case informed that, 
since they had only come forward at a very late stage of the investigation, they could 
not be considered as co-operating parties. 

(4) 

The Chinese trading company referred to in recital (25) of the provisional Regulation, 
reiterated  its  claim  that  they  should  qualify  for  an  individual  determination  of 

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OJ  L  56,  6.3.1996,  p.  1.  Regulation  as  last  amended  by  Regulation  (EC)  No  2117/2005  (OJ  L 340, 
23.12.2005, p. 17) 
OJ L 80, 17.3.2006, p. 7 

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dumping.  This  company  had  already  been  informed  before  the  imposition  of 
provisional  measures  that  individual  determination  can  only  be  made  for  exporting 
producers and not for traders. The claim was therefore rejected. 

(5) 

All  parties  were  informed  of  the  essential  facts  and  considerations,  on  the  basis  of 
which it was intended to recommend the imposition of a definitive anti-dumping duty 
on imports of chamois leather originating in the PRC and the definitive collection of 
the amounts secured by way of the provisional duty. They were also granted a period 
within  which  to  make  representations  subsequent  to  the  disclosure  of  the  essential 
facts and considerations. 

(6) 

Comments  submitted  by  interested  parties  were  duly  considered  and,  where 
appropriate, the findings have been modified accordingly. 

C. 

PRODUCT CONCERNED AND LIKE PRODUCT 

(7) 

Concerning  the  production  process  as  described  in  recital  (13)  of  the  provisional 
Regulation, it is clarified that the grain surface is been removed from the skins, which 
are then tanned using solely fish or other animal oil in the case of chamois leather, or 
partially  tanned  with  aldehydes  or  other  tanning  agents  and  then  with  fish  or  other 
animal oil in the case of combination of chamois leather. 

(8)  Moreover,  in  order  to  clarify  the  reference  made  to  crust  chamois  leather  and 
combination of crust chamois leathern in recital (14) of the provisional Regulation, the 
product  concerned  must  be  defined  as  chamois  leather,  or  combination  chamois 
leather, whether or not cut to shape, including crust chamois leather and combination 
crust  chamois  leather  (chamois  leather)  originating  in  the  PRC  (the  product 
concerned), currently classifiable within CN codes 4114 10 10 and 4114 10 90. 

(9) 

In  the  absence  of  any  other  comments  in  this  respect,  recitals  (13)  to  (17)  of  the 
provisional Regulation are otherwise confirmed. 

D. 

DUMPING 

1.  Normal value 

(10)  Following  provisional  disclosure,  the  Chinese  trading  company  referred  to  in  recital 
(4) above, objected to the use of the USA as analogue country as set out in recital (22) 
of  the  provisional  Regulation,  in  particular  as  regards  an  alleged  lack  of  substantial 
production  in  the  USA.  Furthermore,  it  claimed  that  the  reasons  for  disregarding 
Turkey were not properly justified. This trading company did not substantiate its claim 
or provide any evidence.  

(11)  As explained in recital (21) of the provisional Regulation, in the case of Turkey, the 
analysis showed that the Turkish domestic market was very limited. Almost all of the 
Turkish production is export oriented (mainly to Europe and the USA) and therefore 
domestic sales were not representative in order to choose Turkey as analogue country. 
The  Turkish  domestic  market  is  less  than  2%  of  the  USA  domestic  market  and  also 
appears to be more limited than the USA market in terms of competition. Indeed, there 
was  a  high  level  of  competition  in  the  USA  from  imports  from  other  countries,  as 
explained  in  recital  (22)  of  the  provisional  Regulation.  As  to  the  alleged  lack  of 

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production  in  the  USA,  it  should  be  noted  that  it  was  only  after  the  investigation 
period  (‘IP’)  that  the  USA  cooperating  producer  started  to  delocalise  its  production. 
During the IP, there was a relevant domestic market for chamois leather in the USA. 
Therefore, the choice of the USA as analogue country is hereby confirmed. 

(12)  Following definitive disclosure, this trader continued to contest the appropriateness of 
the  USA  as  analogue  country  claiming  that  the  data  provided  by  the  USA  producer 
would  be  difficult  to  be  verified  because this  company  had  ceased  to  produce  in  the 
USA,  and  therefore  this  data  may  not  be  reliable.  In  this  respect,  it  should  be  noted 
that throughout the IP, as mentioned in recital (11) above, the USA producer was still 
producing  considerable  quantities  of  chamois  leather  in  the  USA  for  sale  on  its 
domestic  market.  In  addition,  the  data  for  the  IP  on  which  the  normal  value  was 
established was duly verified at the premises of the USA producer and was found to be 
accurate and reliable. Thus, the claim from the trading company is rejected. 

(13) 

In  the  absence  of  any  other  arguments  in  this  respect,  recitals  (20)  to  (24)  of  the 
provisional Regulation are confirmed. 

2. 

Export price 

(14) 

In  the  absence  of  any  comments  in  this  respect,  recital  (25)  of  the  provisional 
Regulation is hereby confirmed. 

3.  Comparison 

(15)  Further  to  provisional  disclosure,  the  Chinese  trading  company  mentioned  in  recital 
(4) above, claimed that a further adjustment should be made as regards differences in 
physical characteristics on the basis that some of the chamois leather exported to the 
Community from the PRC was in the form of patchwork, made from small pieces of 
off-cut chamois leather, which were of lower quality than the chamois leather sold by 
the US industry. 

(16)  The  claim  was  examined  on  the  basis  of  the  information  provided  by  the  trading 
company and accepted in so far as the exports of patchwork chamois leather could be 
identified.  Consequently,  a  further  adjustment  was  made  in  respect  of  patchwork 
chamois  leather  for  the  purpose  of  ensuring  a  fair  comparison  between  the  normal 
value  and  the  export  price,  by  increasing  the  adjustment  for  differences  in  physical 
characteristics set out in recital (26) of the provisional Regulation. 

4.  Dumping margin 

(17) 

In  the  light  of  the  above,  the  dumping  margin  finally  determined,  expressed  as  a 
percentage of the CIF Community frontier price, duty unpaid, is 69,8%. 

E. 

INJURY 

1.  Community production 

(18) 

In  the  absence  of  any  comments  in  this  respect,  recital  (28)  of  the  provisional 
Regulation is hereby confirmed. 

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2.  Definition of the Community industry 

(19) 

In  the  absence  of  any  comments  in  this  respect,  recitals  (29)  and  (30)  of  the 
provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

3.  Community consumption 

(20) 

In reviewing the statistical information available from Eurostat, the imports from third 
countries  other  than  the  PRC  were  modified.  Subsequently,  the  Community 
consumption figures were accordingly amended as follows: 

Apparent 
consumption 

Community 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

IP 

Square feet (in thousands) 

20 462 

21 334 

22 109 

21 312 

21 886 

Index 2001 = 100 

100 

104 

108 

104 

107 

(21)  This shows that demand for the product concerned in the Community increased by 7% 
over  the  period  considered  which  is  slightly  more  than  set  out  in  recital  (31)  of  the 
provisional  Regulation.  On  this  basis,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  other  comments 
concerning Community consumption, the methodology explained in recital (31) of the 
provisional Regulation is hereby confirmed. 

4.  Volume of the imports from the country concerned and market share 

(22)  Given  the  slightly  revised  figures  for  Community  consumption,  the  market  share  of 
the  imports  from  the  PRC  is  accordingly  modified  over  the  period  considered  as 
follows: 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

IP 

Market share 

10,4% 

7,6% 

22,8% 

29,4% 

30,2% 

(23)  During  the  period  considered,  imports  from  the  PRC  increased  their  share  of  the 
Community  market  from  10,4%  in  2001  to  30,2%  in  the  IP.  This  rapid  increase  in 
market  share  took  place  against  a  background  of  slower  growth  in  consumption. 
Therefore,  the  trend  set  out  in  recital  33  of  the  provisional  Regulation  is  hereby 
confirmed. 

(24)  Further to the acceptance of the claim made by a Chinese trading company as set out 
in recital (16) above, and the relevant adjustment made for the purpose of the dumping 
calculations,  an  alike  adjustment  was  made  to  the  import  prices  of  the  product 
concerned  due  to  the  lower  quality  of  chamois  leather  exported  to  the  Community 
from the PRC in the form of patchwork for the purpose of calculating the level of price 
undercutting.  The  adjustment  for  quality  differences  set  out  in  recital  (35)  of  the 
provisional Regulation was therefore accordingly revised upwards. On this basis, the 
comparison showed that during the IP, the product concerned originating in the PRC 
were sold in the Community at prices which undercut the Community industry prices, 
when expressed as a percentage of the latter, by 29%. 

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(25) 

In  the  absence  of  any  other  comments  in  this  respect,  recitals  (32)  and  (34)  of  the 
provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

5. 

Economic situation of the Community industry 

(26)  Given  the  revised  figures  for  Community  consumption,  the  market  share  of  the 

Community industry is accordingly modified over the period considered as follows: 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

IP 

Market share 

39,9% 

38,3% 

33,8% 

30,1% 

30,8% 

(27)  The significant decrease of the Community industry’s sales in volume over the period 
considered is fully reflected in their market share which decreased continuously from 
39,9%  in  2001  to  30,8%  in  the  IP.  Therefore,  the  trend  set  out  in  recital  39  of  the 
provisional Regulation is hereby confirmed. 

(28) 

In the absence of any other comments in this respect, recitals (37) and (38) and (40) to 
(54) of the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

5.  Conclusion on injury 

(29)  The  above  revised  factors,  i.e.  Community  consumption,  market  shares  of  the 
Community industry and of the Chinese producers left unaffected their trends as they 
were  set  out  in  the  provisional  Regulation.  As  for  the  undercutting  margin,  this 
remained at a high level. On this basis, it is considered that the conclusions regarding 
the  material  injury  suffered  by  the  Community  industry  as  set  out  in  the  provisional 
Regulation are not altered. In the absence of any other comments, they are therefore 
definitively confirmed. 

F. 

CAUSATION 

1. 

Effects of the dumped imports 

(30)  The  co-operating  exporting  trader  argued  that  the  Commission  failed  to  establish  a 
well founded causation with regard to the imports of the product concerned. It further 
objected  to  the  analysis  in  the  provisional  Regulation  arguing  that  since  the  import 
prices  were  steadily  low  and  in  particular  even  when  the  Community  industry  was 
profitable, there would be no causal link between  the  import  prices  and  the  negative 
profitability of the Community industry during the IP. 

(31) 

In  this  respect,  it  should  be  firstly  noted  that  pursuant  to  Article  3(5)  of  the  basic 
Regulation,  the  injury  analysis  is  not  limited  to  the  profitability  of  the  Community 
industry,  but  also  to  numerous  other  factors  as  set  out  in  recitals  (28)  to  (58)  of  the 
provisional  Regulation,  on  the  basis  of  which  the  Community  industry  was  found  to 
have suffered material injury during the period considered. Regarding the effect of the 
dumped imports, this was mainly illustrated by the threefold market share increase of 
the imports from the PRC over the period considered. This increase was made at the 
expense  of  the  Community  industry  since  it  faced  a  substantial  decrease  in  its  sales 
volume (-17 percentage points) albeit in a growing market. As for the dumped prices, 
these  were  found  to  have  significantly  undercut  the  Community  industry’s  prices 
during the IP. Although import prices indeed did not follow a stringent downtrend, but 

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fluctuated somewhat over the period considered, they remained at a significantly lower 
level  than  that  of  the  Community  industry  showing  thus  that  they  continuously 
depressed the market conditions which progressively forced the Community industry 
to  lower  its  selling  prices  as  this  is  shown  clearly  in  recital  (45)  of  the  provisional 
Regulation. On this basis, the argument of the exporting trader was rejected. 

(32) 

In the absence of any other comments concerning the effects of the dumped imports, 
recitals (60) to (64) set out in the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

2. 

Effects of other factors 

(33)  The  same  party  further  argued  that  since  the  average  price  of  imports  from  Turkey 
during the IP was much lower than the price from the PRC and the prices of imports 
from  other  third  countries  were  admittedly  lower  than  those  of  the  Community 
industry,  exclusion  of  those  imports  from  injury  analysis  and  dumping  investigation 
demonstrate  that  the  PRC  was  purposefully  targeted  on  a  discriminatory  basis.  With 
regard to the imports from Turkey, it was further argued that the methodology used by 
the  Commission  to  selectively  use  price  trends  is  not  compatible  with  rulings  on 
several WTO provisions. 

(34) 

In  this  respect,  it  should  be  firstly  noted  that  the  Commission  analysed  the  imports 
from Turkey separately, as they were the most significant in volume after those from 
the PRC. For the purpose of clarity, transparency and completeness of the analysis and 
in view of the revision of the statistical data mentioned in recital (19), a more detailed 
table with revised imports from third countries is presented below: 

Imports from other third countries 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

IP 

Turkey (thousand square feet)  

353 

380 

237 

893 

1 677 

Average prices (EUR/square feet) 

1,01 

0,73 

0,33 

0,81 

0,52 

Romania (thousand square feet) 

300 

137 

280 

330 

303 

Average prices (EUR/square feet) 

0,99 

0,68 

0,45 

0,61 

0,64 

Pakistan (thousand square feet) 

50 

330 

167 

157 

210 

Average prices (EUR/square feet) 

1,00 

0,37 

0,90 

1,20 

0,54 

Mexico(thousand square feet) 

590 

1 017 

853 

293 

170 

Average prices (EUR/square feet) 

1,54 

1,16 

1,06 

1,43 

1,13 

Other countries excluding those mentioned 
above (thousand square feet) 

1 029 

1 125 

939 

881 

1 138 

Average prices (EUR/square feet) 

1,29 

0,84 

0,88 

0,57 

0,49 

(35)  This table shows that solely imports from Turkey increased substantially, i.e. from 353 
thousand  square  feet  in  2001  to  1  677  thousand  square  feet  in  the  IP  at  downward 
prices below those of the Community industry. However, as explained in recital (66) 

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of the provisional Regulation, a significant part of these imports were made by a co-
operating Community producer in order to complete its product range or to re-export 
the product after having been trimmed and repackaged and therefore these quantities 
could  not  have  caused  injury  to  the  Community  industry.  As  for  the  remaining 
quantities,  they  represented  a  low  and  stable  market  share  around  2%,  with  the 
exception of the IP, and as also explained in recital (66) of the provisional Regulation, 
these  imports  may  have  contributed,  albeit  not  significantly,  to  the  material  injury 
suffered by the Community industry. 

(36)  With  regard  to  the  other  countries  (excluding  Turkey)  mentioned  in  the  table  above, 
their imports represented a market share of close to or even lower than de minimis in 
the IP and with a downward or relatively stable trend over the period considered. The 
overall market share of imports from these countries, decreased from 9,6% in 2001 to 
8,3% in the IP. On this basis, it is definitively considered that none of these countries 
could have caused injury to the Community. 

(37)  The  argument  of  the  Chinese  trading  company  cited  at  the  end  of  recital  (33) 
according to which “the methodology used by the Commission to selectively use price 
trends  is  not  compatible  with  rulings  on  several  WTO  provisions”  was  vague  and 
unsubstantiated and has therefore been rejected. 

(38)  On  the  basis  of  the  above,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  other  submitted  information 
substantiating the effect of imports from other countries than the PRC, it is definitively 
considered  that  such  imports  could  not  be  a  determining  reason  for  the  injurious 
situation of the Community industry. 

(39) 

(40) 

It  was  further  argued  that  the  injury  suffered  by  the  Community  industry  was  in  a 
significant  part  caused  by  its  losses  in  export  markets.  It  was  submitted  that  if  any 
losses  in  overseas  market  are  attributed  to  a  country  subject  to  an  anti-dumping 
investigation, the action itself points to a discriminatory intention. 

It should be firstly noted that the Commission’s analysis of the Community industry’s 
situation including its profitability takes account solely of its business activity for the 
product concerned within the Community. Therefore, any injury allegedly caused by 
losses  in  export  markets  is  not  taken  into  consideration  in  the  framework  of  this 
investigation.  Furthermore,  the  exports  of  the  Community  industry  were  mentioned 
insofar  as  necessary  to  interpret  some  aggregated  indicators  such  as  for  example 
stocks. Therefore, it is considered that the analysis of the situation in the Community 
industry was made in full accordance with the basic Regulation. 

(41) 

In the absence of any other comments concerning causality, recitals (59) to (72) set out 
in the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

G. 

COMMUNITY INTEREST 

(42) 

In the absence of any comments concerning Community interest, recitals (73) to (82) 
set out in the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed. 

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H. 

DEFINITIVE ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES 

(43) 

In view of the claim referred to in recitals (154), (16) and (24), the import data used in 
the  determination  of  the  injury  elimination  level,  as  described  in  recital  (86)  of  the 
provisional Regulation, was adjusted in order to take into account the fact that certain 
quantities of chamois leather exported to the Community from the PRC in the form of 
patchwork  were  of  lower  quality  than  the  chamois  leather  sold  by  the  Community 
industry. 

(44) 

In the light of the above, the injury elimination level finally determined was 58,9%. 

(45) 

(46) 

In  view  of  the  conclusions  reached  with  regard  to  dumping,  injury,  causation  and 
Community  interest,  and  in  accordance  with  Article  9(4)  of  the  basic  Regulation,  a 
definitive  anti-dumping  duty  should  be  imposed  on  imports  of  chamois  leather 
originating in the PRC at the level of the lower of the dumping and the injury margins, 
in accordance with the lesser duty rule. In this case, the duty rate should accordingly 
be set at the level of the injury found. On the basis of the above, the definitive duty is 
58,9%. 

I. 

DEFINITIVE COLLECTION OF THE PROVISIONAL DUTY 

In view of the magnitude of the dumping margin found in the PRC and given the level 
of  the  injury  caused  to  the  Community  industry,  it  is  considered  necessary  that  the 
amounts secured by way of provisional anti-dumping duty imposed by the provisional 
Regulation  should  be  definitively  collected  to  the  extent  of  the  amount  of  the 
definitive  duty  imposed.  As  the  definitive  duty  is  lower  than  the  provisional  duty 
amounts provisionally secured in excess of the definitive rate of the anti-dumping duty 
shall be released. 

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 

Article 1 

1. 

2. 

3. 

A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of chamois leather and 
combination  chamois  leather,  whether  or  not  cut  to  shape,  including  crust  chamois 
leather and combination crust chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of 
China, falling within CN codes 4114 10 10 and 4114 10 90.  

The  rate  of  the  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  applicable  to  the  net,  free-at-
Community-frontier  price,  before  duty,  for  products  produced  by  all  companies  in 
the People’s Republic of China shall be 58,9%. 

Unless  otherwise  specified,  the  provisions  in  force  concerning  customs  duties  shall 
apply. 

Article 2 

Amounts  secured  by  way  of  the  provisional  anti-dumping  duty  pursuant  to  Commission 
Regulation  (EC)  No  439/2006  on  imports  of  chamois  leather  originating  in  the  People’s 
Republic  of  China  shall  be  definitively  collected  at  the  rate  of  the  definitive  duty  imposed 

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pursuant to Article 1. The amounts secured in excess of the amount of the definitive duty shall 
be released. 

This  Regulation  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  day  following  that  of  its  publication  in  the 
Official Journal of the European Union. 

Article 3 

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 

Done at Brussels,  

For the Council 
The President  

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