Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Risks and problems associated with the supply of raw materials to European industry
Date: 2006-07-05
Institutions: European Economic and Social Committee
Subjects: European industrial area, mining product, natural resources, raw material, security of supply, supply, sustainable development

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Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Risks and problems associated with
the supply of raw materials to European industry

(2006/C 309/16)

On 14 July 2005 the European Economic and Social Committee, acting under Rule 29(2) of its Rules of
Procedure, decided to draw up an opinion on: Risks and problems associated with the supply of raw materials to
European industry.

The Consultative Commission on Industrial Change, which was responsible for preparing the Committee's
work on the subject, adopted its opinion on 22 May 2006. The rapporteur was Mr Voss. The co-rappor-
teur was Mr Gibellieri.

At its 428th plenary session, held on 5 and 6 July 2006 (meeting of 5 July), the European Economic and
Social Committee adopted the following opinion by 157 votes with seven abstentions.

1. Summary and recommendations

to implement

1.1
The recommendations must be seen as guidelines for
forward-looking resource,
political decisions
research and development, and external policy at both EU and
national
level. Achieving the Lisbon objectives, which are
designed to make the European Union the most competitive
and dynamic economy in the world by the end of the decade,
requires an innovative industrial policy, that is in tune with
social and environmental conditions and on which the readi-
ness to embrace structural change is contingent. The necessary
industrial change must be shaped proactively and in a way that
reflects a coherent strategy for sustainable development. This
means making the value-added process more materials-efficient
and ensuring the sparing use of all resources, as well as
progressively replacing finite resources by renewable ones. As
part of both these strategies, a new industrial outlook is devel-
innovation. The result will be
oping based on technological
high-quality and secure jobs in industry and industry-related
services.

In market economies, the private sector bears primary
1.2
responsibility for ensuring the supply of
raw materials,
although governments must help to establish the basis for high
security of supply and work towards achieving a sustainable
supply of raw materials through industrial, research, employ-
ment and environmental policies. More effective promotion of
new technologies will not only boost competitiveness and have
a favourable impact on jobs, but will also further the switch to
a sustainable economy.

impact,

1.3
As the basis for a sustainable raw materials policy, life-
cycle analyses help to ensure that mineral and metallic raw
materials are extracted and processed efficiently and with a low
environmental
that recycling processes are further
developed, and that raw materials whose availability is limited
and which aggravate the greenhouse effect are — where tech-
nologically possible –increasingly and gradually replaced by
low-carbon, renewable and climate-neutral energy sources, or
technologies with low carbon
are consumed using efficient
emission, so as to protect
the environment. This can be
achieved above all by a targeted policy both by the EU and by
Member State governments. The Committee feels that both
strategies — efficiency improvement and replacement — offer
an opportunity to cut the import dependency of raw materials
supply.

1.4
The significant growth in worldwide raw materials
consumption may lead to supply bottlenecks in the future, at
least in the case of certain raw materials. Changes on the world
market require a proactive policy on the part of industry in the
EU and its Member States. The EU institutions can help to guar-
antee the supply of raw materials, which is managed mainly by
industry, through pro-active trade, research and external poli-
cies, while the Member States can also help in this regard
through their national raw materials and energy policies, with
the aim of preventing production from moving outside the
Union. The Committee calls on the Member States to help
frame the basic tenets of a European raw materials and energy
policy and to shoulder their responsibility for a sustainable raw
materials policy in Europe.

1.5
The Committee believes that the EU, working closely
with the Member States and all stakeholder groups, must
ensure that the supply of raw materials to European industry
does not come under threat and that raw materials are available
on the world market at reasonable prices. To achieve these
objectives, the European Union should take action to counter
unfair competitive practices and any moves towards protec-
tionism, both through multilateral organisations such as the
WTO, OECD and ILO, and bilaterally. A key part of attaining
these objectives is intensive dialogue with the political and
industrial players that exert an influence over the raw materials
market.

The Committee firmly believes that European industry
1.6
meets all the conditions necessary to tackle with determination
the challenges — both present and future — arising from struc-
tural changes against
the backdrop of global competition.
Europe is and will remain a competitive location for industry,
while at the same time developing into a sustainable economic
area,
if a comprehensive innovative policy is pursued that
places equal weight on economic prosperity and social and
environmental effects.

1.7
In conclusion, it must be stressed that, because Europe
is so highly industrialised, raw materials supply is of key impor-
tance for achieving the Lisbon objectives. Europe's relatively
high dependence on imports of fossil, metallic and mineral
materials jeopardises not just security of supply but also raw
materials prices, given global consumption levels. Industry and

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policy-makers can make provision by ensuring that measures
are actively taken to increase resource efficiency, promote tech-
nological innovation in the raw materials and recycling sectors,
substitute renewable for non-renewable raw materials, and
diversify the supply of raw materials by promoting sources
within Europe. With respect to coal
it also has to be seen
whether a climate-neutral ‘clean coal’ approach can be imple-
mented. Merely taking steps to ensure that enough raw mate-
rials are available at competitive prices would, in contrast, fall
short of the mark. As to the external dimension, significant
curbs on the growing use of fossil fuels must be a global poli-
tical objective. The EU's role in this process will have to be
determined over the next few months.

2. Outline of the issue

Raw materials are the first stage of a complex value-
2.1
In a time of increasing globalisation they are
added chain.
essential
to the performance and to the development and
growth potential of a country's economy. This applies to
energy sources and to many metallic, mineral and biological
raw materials, which are essential primary inputs for industry.
Europe depends on imports for a large number of its raw mate-
rials, a fact to which too little attention has been paid to date,
though now that raw materials prices are rising, there is greater
awareness of this. Price explosions in fossil fuels and coke and
steel are notable examples.

2.2
The importance of specific raw materials is often only
vaguely realised. This may be due to the fact that raw materials
are less important
than factor allocation as a whole, even
though raw materials cannot usually be substituted in the short
term, unlike other factors of production. This means that
supply shortages, or even interruptions, often lead to produc-
tion cuts. Price trends on raw materials markets have an almost
immediate knock-on effect on the costs of downstream produc-
tion sectors, and therefore affect
the whole economy. Nor
should the social aspects of this issue be neglected.

Rampant economic growth in other parts of the world
2.3
(China,
India, etc.) has caused the consumption of energy
sources and industrial raw materials to soar over the past
decade.

It is also important to mention the regional distribution
2.4
of raw materials and the discrepancy between the location of
reserves and place of consumption. Europe in particular is a
region that already shows high import needs for raw materials
and fossil fuels, and whose dependence on imports will rise
even further in the future.

2.5
Energy supply is the driving force behind the European
economy. For a number of reasons — the finite nature of
many energy sources; dramatic price rises; the impact of mili-
tary conflicts and political events on security of supply; and the
in place are, from a
‘energy policies’
fact that the national

global standpoint often ineffectual — supply is,
under a very high threat.

in Europe,

3. Global situation

3.1
The situation with regard to energy sources is analysed
below by way of example (although the comments also apply
to many raw materials) since critical developments are now
taking place in this area (oil price fluctuations, suspension of
Russian natural gas deliveries), particularly good data are avail-
able and political measures are already being discussed.

3.2
In 2004 world crude oil production reached 3 847
megatonnes. By the end of 2004 a total of around 139 giga-
tonnes of oil had been extracted since the start of industrial
crude oil production, half of it during the last 22 years. This
means that over 46 % of proven reserves of conventional crude
oil have already been extracted.

3.3
China's role in this context requires particular mention,
since that country has changed in the last 20 years from a net
exporter of crude oil to a net importer, and will draw increas-
ingly on worldwide available oil resources in the future to
support its meteoric economic growth.

3.4
In addition, other events such as the Iraq war, the hurri-
canes in America, stagnating investment leading to bottlenecks
in production and transport capacity, temporary supply break-
downs due to strikes, and speculation have contributed to
significant increases in the price of crude oil and — with a
time lag — natural gas. Despite this, real prices,
i.e. prices
corrected for inflation, are still lower now than at the beginning
of the 1980s.

3.5
As well as these price movements, the question of fossil
fuel availability obviously also arises. At the end of 2004, total
conventional crude oil potential was around 381 gigatonnes.
The countries of the Middle East have about 62 % of global
reserves, America 13 % and the CIS just under 10 %. It should
be noted that in North America almost two thirds of total
expected potential has already been recovered, whereas in the
CIS the figure is a little over one third and in the Middle East
just under a quarter.

3.6
The situation is not very different for natural gas. The
total global potential of conventional natural gas is about 461
trillion cubic metres, which in energy terms corresponds more
or less to the total potential of crude oil. Over one half of
natural gas reserves are concentrated in three countries (Russia,
Iran and Qatar). An additional 207 trillion cubic metres of
natural gas reserves are expected. This means that so far almost
18 % of proven natural gas reserves have been extracted. In
2004 natural gas consumption reached a historic high at
2,8 trillion cubic metres. The biggest consumers of natural gas
were the United States,
the
United Kingdom, Canada, Iran and Italy.

followed by Russia, Germany,

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3.7
The largest reserves are still those of coal. Estimating
from global coal consumption in 2004, reserves of hard coal
should last another 172 years from the beginning of 2005, and
reserves of lignite another 218 years. In 2004, coal accounted
for 27 % of global primary energy consumption. Only crude oil
consumption was higher. 24 % of this was accounted for by
hard coal and 3 % by lignite. Coal was the most important
energy feedstock for electricity production, with a worldwide
share of around 37 %.

3.8
The distribution of hard coal deposits is more even than
that of crude oil and natural gas. Although here, too, Russia
has a considerable share of global reserves, North America,
Asia, Australia and South Africa, which have significantly less
crude oil and natural gas, possess large coal deposits. But
global coal reserves are highly concentrated. Almost three quar-
ters of reserves are found in just four countries: the United
States, Russia, China and India. The EU has considerable coal
reserves — in contrast with the oil and gas situation. But it is
important to note that quality varies widely. In the case of
coking coal, which is only supplied by a few regions and for
which global demand is relatively steady, about 35 % of total
production is traded worldwide. Only 16 % of all world coal
produced is currently traded internationally. Exports also come
from a small number of countries, and the industry is
becoming increasingly consolidated. Export supplies of coking
coal are particularly concentrated, with 60 % coming from
Australia alone; 50 % of all coke exports come from China.

3.9
Price trends for coal over the past few decades have
been similar to those for crude oil and natural gas, but at a
considerably lower level per energy content. Thinking of raw
materials especially, it is important not to forget that coal can
be used not just as an energy source and essential reducing
agent for pig iron production, but also in a whole series of
ways as fuel
in the
construction industry. It must be borne in mind, however, that
for environmental reasons coal is, as far as possible, used with
modern, clean and efficient technologies, including, given the
very high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, technologies to
sequestrate and store CO2.

in various chemical applications or

3.10
The volatility of the supply situation is further illu-
strated by the continuing escalation in global energy consump-
tion, as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in
its November 2005 World Energy Outlook report. If there is no
change in consumer behaviour, worldwide energy demand will
rise by more than 50 % by 2030, to 16,3 billion tonnes of oil
equivalent. Events at the beginning of 2006, when gas supply
to central and western Europe was reduced because Russia cut
off gas supplies to Ukraine, could be a harbinger of future
supply scenarios if Europe's dependency on energy imports
continues to increase. A key objective must therefore be to
implement the Commission's two green papers on security of

energy supply and energy efficiency, and to conduct a wide-ranging
and constructive debate on the new Green Paper on A European
energy strategy.

It should be noted that the IEA figures are incompa-
3.11
tible with climate protection. Rather than the reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions required for climate protection, the
IEA projection would mean an increase in CO2 emissions of at
least 52 % by the year 2030. Significant curbs on carbon emis-
sions from the growing use of fossil fuels must therefore be a
global political objective. The EU's role in this process will have
to be determined over the next few months.

3.12
Nuclear energy is seen by very disparate groups as a
possible solution to the greenhouse effect. In addition to the
risks of the nuclear option, there is the question of supply
security. The world's uranium reserves are found in a small
number of countries. The most important regions of uranium
extraction are
some
African countries, and the CIS countries.
It is also thought
likely that deposits will be found in China and Mongolia. An
expansion of nuclear energy for peaceful applications, espe-
cially in China, could lead to a shortage of uranium within 30
years.

currently Australia, North America,

3.13
About 12 % of crude oil is used to make petrochemical
products. Plastics are a major petrochemical product group.
224 million tonnes of plastic were produced worldwide in
2004, of which 23,6 % came from western Europe. According
to current
forecasts, global consumption of plastics will
continue to rise: per capita use is expected to increase by
4,5 % per year up until 2010. Key growth markets are eastern
Europe and south-east Asia.

3.14
As well as fossil fuels, ores are also an important raw
material for the European economy. Iron ore is particularly
important. Over 1 billion tonnes of steel were produced across
the world in 2004. Steel production is thus considerably higher
Iron ore consumption was
than that of other materials.
1,25 billion tonnes in 2004 — one if not two orders of magni-
tude ahead of the next most widely used ores: bauxite (146
million tonnes), chrome ore (15,5 million tonnes), zinc ore
(9 million tonnes) and manganese ore (8,2 million tonnes).

in 2005
According to the US Geological Survey,
3.15
economically viable iron ore reserves stood at about 80 billion
tonnes of
iron equivalent, which is more than 100 times
greater than current demand. If deposits that are not currently
considered economically viable are included, the total volume
of deposits increases to around 180 billion tonnes of iron.
Despite these large deposits, it is assumed that iron ore prices
will,
in future, continue to be high. One reason for that is
undoubtedly the dominant market position of three large firms

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(CVRD, BHP and Rio Tinto) which, together, have a good 75 %
market share of global
iron ore production. Bottlenecks are
also expected in maritime transport, leading to increased trans-
port costs and thus to higher ore prices for the European steel
industry.

3.16
The availability of coke and coking coal must also be
seen as a factor in safeguarding European iron and steel
production. Coking coal exports from the USA are set to drop;
this will
in turn expand the market position of Canada and
Australia. To safeguard supplies worldwide, however, steady
growth is needed in these countries' capacity. With the expan-
sion of coking plants in China, that country too is set to
become an increasingly important coke supplier, although
other countries are also building up new coking capacity for
the domestic market.

Another important raw material in steel production is
3.17
scrap metal. The worldwide trade in scrap metal has expanded
considerably over the past few years. Because of the durability
of steel products, however, the supply of scrap metal cannot
keep pace with demand, which means that the already tight
market for scrap metal is set to expand considerably. Further
still it is assumed that, despite the fact that the situation does
appear to have eased over the past few months, scrap metal
prices, which tripled between 2002 and 2004, will
increase
again in the longer term.

3.18
Other metallic raw materials such as manganese, chro-
mium, nickel, copper, titanium and vanadium are important
alloys which have a strong effect on the properties of the basic
material. These metals — as well as palladium, which is an
important raw material for high-tech applications — have to
be imported into Europe.

3.19
The fact that the raw materials described, and many
other raw materials, are still available in sufficient quantities
means that the price rises now being observed do not signal
the depletion of resources in the medium term. However, this
does not rule out the possibility of demand and supply shifts,
or make price movements random.
In the short term, the
supply of raw materials is not very flexible owing to the long
lead times of capital-intensive exploration projects. When
demand for raw materials is high,
it is quite possible that
shortages and price rises will occur. The same applies to trans-
port capacity, which also limits the availability of (imported)
raw materials. Sufficiency of global reserves and resources may
limit the risk of quantitative supply disruptions, but they do
not provide a guarantee against marked short-term and
medium-term price rises. A complete evaluation of supplier
and price risks on international raw materials markets means
taking into account political measures, and monopolistic or
oligopolistic behaviour of companies with a strong market
position.

3.20
This is particularly important given that a considerable
proportion not just of major energy sources, but also of metal

raw materials are concentrated in certain regions of the world
and with certain companies, and this concentration has
increased significantly since the early 1990s, at least in the case
of metals. Thus Chile has almost tripled its share of copper ore
production since 1990, and almost 40 % of the world's bauxite
is produced in Australia. Brazil has also substantially increased
its importance as a bauxite supplier, and is now the second-
largest bauxite producer, highlighting South America's key role
in the production of metal ores. The same goes for iron ores,
about 30 % of which are produced in Brazil. Of the EU Member
States, only Sweden is of any importance as an iron-ore
producer, but it accounts for only 1,6 % of total world produc-
tion.

4. European industry

4.1
Industry continues to be very important to the economy
of the EU because of its contribution to employment and value
added. It is the key link in the value-added chain for producing
material goods. Without goods manufactured in the industrial
sector many services are pointless. This means that industrial
production will not lose its position as a source of wealth. A
secure supply of raw materials for industry is therefore essen-
tial. There is an imbalance in the case of fossil and many
metallic raw materials between reserves and consumption,
which means that oligopolies among the supply countries can
distort markets,
including in Europe. Appropriate measures
must be taken for all raw materials in order to reduce Europe's
dependence on imports in the future, as set out in the Green
Paper on security of energy supply.

Statistics show that substantial differences exist between
4.2
European manufacturers with regard to both raw material and
energy efficiency. Thus energy-saving potential can be said to
exist across Europe, and savings should be pursued urgently so
as to cut overall dependence and boost development activity.

The future of one industrial sector does look positive,
4.3
its raw material.
despite being dependent on imports of
Europe's steel
industry can compete on the world market
because it has already successfully restructured and drawn the
right lessons from that process. This consolidation has achieved
a structure that allows companies to make adequate profits,
even during periods of economic difficulty. Countries like
China and India still have to go through the necessary struc-
tural transition.

4.4
In the EU especially, the steel industry has sound, effi-
cient value-added chains, in which steel plays a central role.
There are also infrastructure and logistical advantages: on the
European steel market producers and customers come together
in a relatively small area with good transport connections to
international rail, water and road networks, which in turn
brings competitive advantages.

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4.5
In addition, European steel companies have mounted a
considerable effort and invested large sums in environmental
protection and energy efficiency. They have the highest recy-
cling rate after the United States, which means they use large
quantities of scrap metal in their production and thus save on
resources. Use of reducing agents in blast furnaces is also mark-
edly lower than in many countries outside of Europe.

4.6
Despite this positive mood in the European steel
industry, however, it should be borne in mind that as a result
of
the dependency on raw materials imports, high energy
prices and enhanced environmental protection measures, the
liquid phase in particular could, in the medium term be shifted
from Europe to regions that can offer secure raw materials
supplies and reasonably priced energy. As this phenomenon
affects not only iron but also aluminium and other metals, a
considerable number of European jobs may be lost that can
only be recouped through research and development in the
fields of resource and energy efficiency, and through innovative
product development and industrial services. Nor does shifting
the liquid phase to countries with lower environmental stan-
dards and lower energy prices help to further sustainable devel-
opment across the world; it merely worsens the European posi-
tion.

5. Alternative raw materials scenarios and technological

trends

If, as in the past, the global economy continues to grow
5.1
primarily through the use of fossil raw materials, then climate
problems must also be expected to increase — even before the
sources of these raw materials dry up — as a result of higher
greenhouse gas emissions. Thus,
in its World Energy Outlook
2006, the IEA expects global CO2 emissions worldwide to be
up more than 52 % by 2030 over 2004 levels. Yet, according
to other estimates, industrial countries' CO2 emissions will have
to be cut by 80 % across the world by 2050 in order to be
able,
in the long term, to keep climate change at tolerable
levels both for man and the environment. There is thus a
demand for technologies that emit considerably lower levels of
greenhouse gases than those used at present.

5.2
Increased use of renewable energy is often regarded as
the first option for reducing greenhouse gases. The EU is a
pioneer here: its White Paper on renewable energy sources (1)
sets the objective that by 2010, 12 % of primary energy should
come from renewable energy sources. However, achieving this
goal will require not just new biomass, wind and solar energy
plants. It is also of prime importance to substantially reduce
the present rate of growth in energy consumption. Energy-
saving potential should be tapped at all levels of added value
and consumption, as well as disposal. Targeted moves to foster
technical progress thus provide an opportunity for securing
lower greenhouse gas emissions in the future while at the same
time boosting the competitiveness of European industry.

(1) Communication from the Commission — Energy for the future:
renewable sources of energy — White Paper for a Community
Strategy and Action Plan.

5.3
In 2005, the European Environment Agency concluded
that by 2030 between 230 and 300 Mtoe per year (equivalent
to 9,6 or 12,6 × 1019 joules) of biomass could be made avail-
able, without harming the environment and preventing the EU
from being largely self-sufficient in agricultural products. This
would be amount to about 20 % of current primary energy use
in the EU 25. A total 100 Mtoe per year will be obtained from
waste, 40-60 Mtoe from forestry products, and 90-140 Mtoe
from agricultural products. Biogenic raw materials could be
used not just as energy sources, but also to make broad range
of products that for price reasons are still only a niche business.
Intelligent combinations of raw materials and processes, and
new processing strategies, could soon make bioplastics compe-
titive for example.

5.4
Use of regrowing raw materials must increase world-
wide. In the context of promoting research and technology not
enough attention has so far been paid yet to renewable energy
and fuel sources. Current price-cost ratios mean that various
launch measures must be used to ensure broader
market
market and technology development.

5.5
As regards the potential for agricultural biomass, it is
important to bear in mind that the world's available per capita
arable area is shrinking dramatically. Today about the same
amount of land is available for grain cultivation as in 1970, but
then there were almost
three billion fewer people, which
means that in 1970 around 0,18 hectares of arable land was
being cultivated per capita, whereas now the figure is barely
0,11 hectares. This trend is increasing because some 7 million
hectares of agricultural land are lost every year to erosion, sali-
nation or desiccation and over one quarter of all cultivated land
is considered to be at risk.

countries.

Livestock feed requirements

5.6
According to FAO estimates, the developing countries
will have to double their grain imports over the next 20 years.
This means that grain will in future be scarce and more expen-
sive. The feed requirements of productive livestock and demand
for renewable raw materials in the industrialised world will
therefore increasingly conflict with the food needs of the devel-
oping
could be
contained by reducing high meat consumption, which would
make more calories available given that about 90 % of food
energy is lost through fodder consumption. It will thus be
particularly important to promote better use of plants, plant
components and by-products containing lignocellulose (wood,
straw and grasses being classic examples). The great need for
research and development here also means that a sea change is
urgently required in the EU research framework programme to
promote a renewable energy and raw materials basis and to
boost efficiency.

In these circumstances it

is clear that switching to
5.7
renewable energy sources and industrial raw materials can be
only part of the solution. It will be essential to employ technol-
ogies that use substantially less energy and raw materials to

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deliver equivalent services. Thus, in the steel industry during
the past four decades energy consumption and CO2 emissions
have been cut by around 50 %. To permit further savings, the
consortium ULCOS (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking) launched by
the European steel
industry, working together with research
bodies, is planning a considerable cut in emissions and thus a
breakthrough on the road towards more energy-efficient steel-
making. A smelting reduction technique developed in the
1980s is already making it possible to use lower-grade coal and
reduce CO2 emissions by up to 30 % compared with the blast-
furnace process.

Efficiency improvement

5.8
is a promising strategy to
reduce costs, protect resources and ensure jobs. Raw materials
costs account on average for 40 % of total costs, and are thus
the biggest cost factor. Without changing economic perfor-
mance, efficient use of raw materials helps to reduce costs and,
because resource consumption is lower, damage to the environ-
ment. Incentives to improve efficiency based on government
initiatives and programmes, such as research projects and
competitions, can motivate companies to use this potential.
Small and medium-sized companies in particular should be
made aware of possible efficiency and savings potential in raw
materials use, by promoting appropriate management methods
such as EMAS and ISO 14001.

5.9
Technical standards for the use of raw material stocks
available in the European Union must be high. This applies in

Brussels, 5 July 2006

particular to coal. Backing may be given to the further expan-
sion of capacity only if, also for reasons of climate protection,
the ‘clean coal’ option is actually implemented.

Higher

5.10
recycling quotas, especially ones developed
through technological innovation with improved properties as
regards production, processing and use, provide a further solu-
tion to the problem of import dependency. Here substantial
increases in raw material efficiency should be combined with
innovative product development. This could bring about
changes in market demand for various raw materials, creating
an industrial growth potential, driven by research initiatives,
that offers advantages over traditional processes in terms of
both industrial and employment and environmental policies.

5.11
It is important to remember that, in addition to direct
for
energy-saving in industry, major potential also exists
savings to be made in the home and in transport. Low-energy
and passive-energy houses make it possible to save substantially
on primary energy use in both heating and cooling. Combining
such measures with efficient energy delivery technologies such
as condensing boilers or heat pumps could save up to 90 %
compared with the current average. Nor is it unrealistic to
expect a fourfold reduction in energy consumption in private
car transport by optimising propulsion technologies and user
behaviour.

The President

of the European Economic and Social Committee

Anne-Marie SIGMUND