Report from the Commission - Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union - Third annual Report (Reporting year 2004)
Date: 2006-04-28
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU Member State, air quality, diesel fuel, marketing, motor vehicle, petrol, pollution control, product quality, report

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 28.4.2006 
COM(2006) 186 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 

Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European Union: 
Third annual report 
(Reporting year 2004) 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
  
1. 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Directive  98/70/EC1  sets  technical  specifications  on  health  and  environmental  grounds  for 
fuels  to  be  used  for  vehicles  equipped  with  positive-ignition  and  compression-ignition 
engines. Directive 2003/17/EC2, amending Directive 98/70/EC, requires a further reduction of 
the sulphur content of petrol and diesel fuels.  

Significant violations of the fuel specification can lead to increased emissions and might even 
damage  the  engine  and  exhaust  after-treatment systems.  In  order  to  ensure  compliance  with 
the  fuel  quality  standards  required  under  this  Directive,  Member  States  are  required  to 
introduce fuel quality monitoring systems. 

Article  8  of  Directive  98/70/EC,  as  amended  by  Article  1(5)  of  Directive  2003/17/EC, 
requires  the  Commission  to  publish  annually,  a  report  on  the  fuel  quality  in  the  different 
Member  States.  This  third  Commission  Report  summarises  briefly  Member  States’ 
submissions,  on  the  quality  of  petrol  and  diesel,  as  well  as  the  volumes  sold,  for  the  year 
20043. All Member States except France submitted national reports for 2004.  

The monitoring of fuel quality in 2004 shows that the specifications for petrol and diesel laid 
down in Directive 98/70/EC are in general met and few violations were identified. For petrol 
the  main  parameters  of  concern  were  again  research  octane  number  (RON,  34+  samples), 
summer vapour pressure (DVPE, 43+ samples) and  distillation - evaporation  at 100°C (17+ 
samples). For diesel the parameters of concern were sulphur content (22 samples), distillation 
95%  point  (24  samples),  cetane  number  (7+  samples)  and  density  (5+  samples).  Although 
several Member States reported non-compliant samples, far fewer samples exceeded the limit 
values (and the limits of tolerance for the test methods) compared to previous years. However, 
both the Czech Republic and Poland reported significant numbers of samples exceeding limit 
values. The Commission has not  identified any negative repercussions on vehicle emissions 
or  engine  functioning  related  to  these  exceedances  but  continues  to  urge  Member  States  to 
take action in order to ensure full compliance. Most are doing so already, and details of the 
action taken by Member States with regard to non-compliance are included, where provided, 
in  the  individual  country  chapters  of  the  detailed  report  for  20044.  The  Commission  will 
continue  insisting  that  Member  States  ensure  full  compliance  with  the  fuel  quality 
requirements laid down in the Directive.  

For  the  abatement  of  air  pollution  and  the  introduction  of  new  engine  technology  it  is 
important to note that the share of <10 ppm and <50 ppm sulphur fuels increased significantly 
from 2001 to 2004 for EU-15. EU-10 sulphur content is significantly higher and this leads to 
a  slight  increase  in  average  sulphur  between  2003  and  2004  for  the  whole  EU.  Overall  a 
general  trend  towards  lower  sulphur  content  in  petrol  and  diesel  fuel  can  be  identified,  as 
shown in Table 1. 

1 
2 
3 
4 

O.J. L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58 
O.J. L 76, 22.3.2003, p. 10 
Reporting years 2001 and 2002 are covered by COM(2004) 310 final and 2003 by COM(2005) 69 final 
See http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/pdf/fqm_summary_2004.pdf 

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Table 1: Annual trend in average sulphur content in petrol and diesel fuels for the EU 

EU 15 average sulphur content, ppm EU25 

EU10 

EU15* 

Fuel/Year 

2001 

2002 

2003* 

2004* 

2004* 

2004 

2001 

2002 

Petrol 

Diesel 

68 

51 

37 

35 

38 

64 

65 

44 

223 

169 

125 

109 

113 

149 

207 

136 

*Excludes France, who did not report in 2003 and 2004. 

The  fuel  quality  monitoring  systems  established  at  national  level  still  differ  considerably. 
However,  the  requirements  of  Directive  2003/17/EC  are  expected  to  promote  greater 
homogeneity in national monitoring systems and to improve the quality of reporting. 

2. 

INTRODUCTION 

The specifications for petrol and diesel sold in the European Union are laid down in Directive 
98/70/EC.  Two  sets  of  fuel  specifications  are  included  in  annexes  to  the  Directive,  the  first 
entered  into  force  on  1  January  2000  and  the  second  entered  into  force  on  1  January  2005. 
The Directive also requires Member States to report summaries of the quality of fuels sold in 
their  territories.  From  2004  onwards,  Member  States  are  required  to  report  on  their 
monitoring  in  accordance  with  the  new  European  Standard,  EN 14274,  or  with  systems  of 
equivalent  confidence.  Article  8  of  Directive  98/70/EC,  as  amended  by  Article  1(5)  of 
Directive 2003/17/EC, requires the Commission to forward the results of Member States’ fuel 
quality reporting. In compliance with this request this third Commission Report summarises 
the quality of petrol and diesel, as well as the volumes sold, in the Community for the year 
2004.  The  reporting  years  2001  and  2002  are  covered  by  the  first  Commission  Report5  and 
20036 by the second Commission Report. A detailed summary of the national reports can be 
found on the Commission’s web page7.  

In  view  of  the  enlargement  of  the  EU  in  May  2004,  in  some  cases  this  report  refers  to  the 
EU15,  by  which  is  meant  the  EU  Member  States  prior  to  May  2004,  in  others  it  refers  to 
EU10 by which is meant the Member States that joined the EU in May 2004, while in others 
it refers to EU25 which refers to the EU Member States after May 2004. 

3. 

NATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEMS 

A  number  of  different  approaches  have  been  used  to  implement  Fuel  Quality  Monitoring 
Systems  (FQMS)  across  the  EU.  These  range  from  those  based  on  European  Standard  EN 
142748,  with  sampling  at  a  range  of  fuel  retail  stations,  through  to  national  systems.  For 
example,  systems  in  Sweden  and  the  UK  integrate  sampling  and  analysis  of  all  refinery  or 

5 
6 
7 
8 

COM(2004) 310 final 
COM(2005) 69 final 
http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/fuel_quality_monitoring.htm 
EN 14274:2003  -  Automotive  fuels  -  Assessment  of  petrol  and  diesel  quality  -  Fuel  Quality  Monitoring 
System (FQMS). 

EN 

3 

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imported batches  into the requirements for distribution  of fuels within the country. There is 
also random sampling across the distribution chain throughout the year. The systems active in 
several Member States were originally designed for other purposes, which explains some of 
the  variations  in  coverage  and  application  across  the  EU.  A  greater  degree  of  homogeneity 
was  expected  from  2004,  when  the  amended  Directive  requires  that:  "Member  States  shall 
establish a fuel quality monitoring system in accordance with the requirements of the relevant 
European  Standard"  (EN  14274  &  EN 142759)  from  1  January  2004.  Since  2001  -  2003,  a 
significant  number  of  changes  have  been  made  to  Monitoring  Systems.  Austria,  Finland, 
Greece, Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands have now moved their systems to ones based upon 
EN 14274. Portugal has stated it is still in the process of changing its system to comply with 
EN 14274. Alternative monitoring systems may be permitted by the Directive, provided such 
systems ensure the results are of an equivalent confidence. So far only Cyprus, Denmark and 
Malta  have  provided  information  justifying  their  use  of  National  Systems  with  reduced 
sampling. Figure 2 summarises the sampling rate across the EU in 2004. 

4. 

2004 REPORTING 

4.1 Fuel Qualities and Volumes 

While a wide variety of RON and sulphur grade petrol was available across the EU in 2004, 
the majority of sales comprised RON95 (82.4%, with 40.4% regular, 22.7% low sulphur and 
19.3% sulphur free10), see Figure 1 and table in the Annex for full details by Member State 
(no  submission  was  provided  by  France  for  2003  and  2004  fuel  quality  monitoring).  Of  all 
petrol  sold,  47%  was  regular  sulphur  grade,  25%  low  sulphur  (<50  ppm)  and  28%  sulphur 
free  (<10  ppm).  For  diesel,  the  equivalent  split  was  46%,  29%  and  25%.  The  proportion 
containing  regular  sulphur  was  slightly  higher  than  reported  in  2003.  This  is  primarily 
because compared to the EU15, much smaller proportions of low sulphur grades were sold in 
the  EU10,  with  over  90%  of  petrol  and  diesel  sold  being  regular  grades.  EU10  sales 
comprised 10.0% and 10.3% of total petrol and diesel sales in the EU respectively.  

9 

10 

EN 14275:2003 - Automotive fuels - Assessment of petrol and diesel fuel quality -Sampling from retail site 
station pumps and commercial site fuel dispensers.  
The term “regular” is used for fuels with a sulphur content which is in accordance with Directive 98/70/EC (150 
ppm for petrol and 350 ppm for diesel); the term “low sulphur” corresponds to a sulphur content of 50 ppm; the 
term “sulphur free” to a sulphur content of 10 ppm  

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Figure 1: 

EU Fuel sales proportions by fuel type (%) 

Petrol Sales 

2004  Diesel Sales 

2004 

  e 
1  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 
2  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
3  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
4  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
5  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
6  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 
7  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 
8  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
9  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

  e 

13  Diesel 

% 
0.7% 
0.1% 
7.8% 
40.4% 
22.7% 
19.3%  14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
3.7% 

% 

45.9% 

29.2% 

0.8% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.2% 
0.9% 

15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

24.9% 

Similarly  to  2001  -  2003,  the  largest  total  sales  of  fuels  (of  submissions  received)  in  2004 
were made in Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (Figure 3). Whilst diesel sales 
are dominant in many Member States, the relative sales of petrol and diesel vary.  

As  in  2001  -  2003,  there  is  also  still  a  degree  of  variation  in  the  number  of  grades  of  fuel 
reported to be available across the EU (Figure 4) in 2004, with more petrol grades available, 
despite the larger quantities of diesel sold. The distinction between petrol grades is mainly a 
result  of  different  octane  levels  (RON  category)  rather  than  different  sulphur  levels.  Seven 
EU15  Member  States  (two  more  than  in  2001)  defined  national  fuel  grades  for  low  (<50 
ppm) or sulphur free (<10 ppm) fuels in 2004. Reporting of fuel sales is again improved in 
2004. No EU10 Member States had separate national low sulphur fuel grades in 2004. 

EN 

5 

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Figure 2: 

Fuel Quality Monitoring sampling rate across the EU in 2004 (average number of samples per fuel grade) 

2405

5045

652

700

260

269

256

239

391

276

234

100

67

64

36

41

20

13

212

113

103

139

138

89

73

49

92

64

172

157

100

100

107

79

113

55

18

7

9

14

8

5

23

24

624

2031

287

946

AT BE CY CZ DK EE

FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE UK

Petrol 

Diesel 

Figure 3: 

National fuel sales by fuel type across the EU (million litres)* 

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

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30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

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AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE UK

Total Petrol 

Total Diesel 

EN 

6 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 4: 

Number of fuel grades available nationally by fuel type across the EU 

3

2

1

0

y
l
l
a
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%

AT BE CY CZ DK EE

FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI

ES SE UK

Number of Petrol Grades 

Number of Diesel Grades 

Figure 5: 

National sales of low sulphur petrol grades across the EU (%) 

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE UK

Petrol (regular) 

Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 

Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 

EN 

7 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 6: 

National sales of low sulphur diesel grades across the EU (%) 

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE UK

Diesel (regular) 

Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 

Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 

Figure 7: 

Average sulphur content of petrol and diesel grades across the EU (%) 

Diesel limit

Petrol limit

2005 limits

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

s
e
l
a
S
l
e
s
e
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AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI

FR DE EL HU IE

IT

LV LT LU MT NL PL PT SK SI ES SE UK

Petrol 

Diesel 

EN 

8 

EN 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In  2004,  low  sulphur  fuels  were  available  in  many  countries  across  the  EU,  although 
mandatory introduction is not required until 2005 (see Figure 5 and Figure 6).  

Sulphur  free  petrol  was  available  in  Austria,  Germany,  Ireland  and  Slovakia.  Sulphur  free 
diesel was available in Austria, Germany, Lithuania, Slovakia and Sweden. 

Separate low or sulphur-free fuel grades, or separate sales figures were not available in 2004 
in some Member States. However, fuels complying with these criteria were available in many 
cases,  e.g.  Belgium,  Denmark,  Finland,  Hungary,  Italy,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Luxembourg,  the 
Netherlands, Portugal and Slovakia. This can be seen in Figure 7, which presents the average 
sulphur content of petrol and diesel grades by Member State across the EU. (Average sulphur 
content  is  calculated  from  the  mean  sulphur  content  from  reporting  on  the  sampled  fuels, 
weighted to the quantities of different petrol or diesel fuel grades sold). Much of the fuel sold 
already complies with the 2005 sulphur limit (<50 ppm sulphur in petrol and diesel fuels).  

4.2 Compliance with Directive 98/70/EC in 2004 

Reports  show  that  11  Member  States  are  in  complete  compliance  with  Directive  98/70/EC 
limit values for both petrol and diesel for all samples (compared to 5 in 2001 for the EU15). 
With the exception of oxygenates (for 7 Member  States, see notes 3 and  4 of the table), 21 
Member States also provided complete reporting across the range of parameters specified for 
monitoring in the Directive.  

In 2004, 13 Member States (6 EU15) reported at least one petrol sample non-compliant with 
Directive 98/70/EC. This compares with 10 in 2001 and 9 in 2002 and 2003 from EU15. Of 
these,  the  main  parameters  of  concern  were  again  research  octane  number  (RON,  34+ 
samples),  summer  vapour  pressure  (DVPE,  43+  samples)  and  distillation  -  evaporation  at 
100°C (17+ samples). 

For  diesel,  8  Member  States  (2  EU15)  reported  at  least  one  sample  non-compliant  with 
Directive 98/70/EC. This compares with 4 in 2001, 6 in 2002 and 5 in 2003 from EU15.Of 
these, the parameters of concern were sulphur content (22 samples), distillation 95% point (24 
samples), cetane number (7+ samples) and density (5+ samples). 

Although many Member States reported non-compliant samples, far fewer samples exceeded 
the limit values (and the limits of tolerance for the test methods) compared to previous years. 
However,  both  the  Czech  Republic  and  Poland  reported  significant  numbers  of  samples 
exceeding limit values. Table 2 summarises the compliance of Member States with Directive 
98/70/EC for the year 2004 reporting in terms of the results of the analysis of samples against 
limit  values  and  the  reporting  format  and  content.  As  for  2001  to  2003  the  quality  of  the 
compliance  assessment  suffers  in  a  few  cases  from  incomplete  information  provided  by 
Member States. Details of action taken with regard to limit value non-compliance by Member 
States are included where provided in the individual country chapters of the detailed report for 
the year 200411. 

11 

See http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/fuel_quality_monitoring.htm 

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9 

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Table 2: 

Summary of Member State compliance with 98/70/EC for 2004 reporting. 

Limit value non-compliance (1)  
(95% confidence limits) 
[Non-compliant samples / Total samples] 

Incomplete reporting  
[Number of parameters 
not measured / Total] 
Diesel 
Petrol 

Late report 
(Due by 
30/6/2005) (2) 

Notes 

Member State 

Austria 

Belgium 
Cyprus 
Czech Republic 
Denmark 
Estonia 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Hungary 
Ireland 
Italy 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Luxembourg 
Malta 
Netherlands 
Poland 
Portugal 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 
Spain 
Sweden 
UK 
No. Countries 

Petrol 

1 / 200 

>14 / 4810 
4 / 72 
>86 / 780 

4 / 123 
3 / 226 

4 / 417 

11 / 97 
6 / 256 
>1 / 127 

1 / 18 
6 / 18 

35 / 652 

11 / 18 

Diesel 

>2 / 5045 

>40 / 700 

6 / 269 
>2 / 239 

28 / 343 

11 / 157 

5 / 238 
8 / 109 

2 / 107 
1 / 113 

2 / 5 

1 / 5 

7 / 18 
6 / 18 

11 / 18 

4 / 18 
6 / 18 

6 / 18 

6 / 18 

<2 months 

<5 months 
<1 month 

Not received 
<2 months 
<1 month 

<2 months 
<1 month 
<1 month 
<1 month 
<5 months 
<1 month 
<1 month 

<1 month 
<1 month 
<3 months 

<3 months 
17 

(3)  
(4)  

(5)  

(4)  
(4)  

(6)  

(7) (8) 

(9) (10)
(4)  

(4)  

(4)  
(11)  

13 

8 

10 

2 

Notes: 
(1) 

(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

(5) 
(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 
(10) 
(11) 

It is not possible to confirm whether limit values have been respected in all samples, where reporting data is incomplete. 
Where  it  has  not  been  possible  to  establish  from  submissions  the  number  of  samples  exceeding  the  limit  value  a  ‘>’ 
symbol indicates that the number of samples exceeding limits is a minimum and might be greater. 
Directive 98/70/EC states that Member States should submit monitoring reports by no later than 30th June each year. 
Oxygen content has not been reported 
Oxygenates  (other  than  ethers  with  more  than  5  carbon  atoms  per  molecule)  have  not  been  reported.  However,  in 
principle, all substances on the list are measured at once using the oxygenate test methods. However, the system has to be 
calibrated using a calibration sample, containing the same oxygenates in similar proportions as present in the sample under 
test.  It  is  not  clear  in  most  cases,  whether  this  has  been  carried  out,  however  Italy  and  Portugal  have  stated  no  other 
oxygenates are added to the fuel. The total organically bound oxygen is calculated from the percentages by mass of the 
individual components after identification. 
The only petrol parameters measured were RON, DVPE, Distillation, Benzene, Sulphur and Lead. 
Test  method  EN  1601  employed  by  Italy  for  the  determination  of  oxygenate  content  in  petrol  samples  requires  the 
examination  of  each  sample  chromatogram  to  identify  possible  oxygen  containing  components,  before  the  actual 
determination is  carried out. The examination of all sample chromatograms showed that only one oxygenate compound 
was present in each sample (MTBE, ETBE, TAME); no other oxygenates were detected beside one of these ethers. 
The only petrol parameters measured were RON, Distillation, Aromatics, Benzene and Sulphur. Lithuania has stated the 
equipment needed for the additional tests were not available in 2004, however arrangements have been made so that 2005 
reporting will be complete. 
Cetane  number  and  PAH  have  not  been  measured  for  diesel,  however  the  necessary  equipment  is  available  for  2005 
monitoring analysis. 
Oxygen content and 3 of the oxygenates were not reported, see comment (4) for clarification on oxygenates test method. 
Cetane index has been measured instead of Cetane number. 
Report delayed due to late delivery of information from one fuel supplier. 

The  quality  of  the  compliance  assessment  suffers  in  some  cases  due  to  the  incomplete 
information provided by Member Sates. Details on specific exceedances are provided in the 
individual  country  chapters  of  the  full  report.  The  cases  of  non-compliance  identified  seem 
not to have major negative repercussions on fuel quality in general. 

EN 

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5. 

CONCLUSIONS  

The monitoring of fuel quality in 2004 shows that the specifications for petrol and diesel laid 
down  in  Directive  98/70/EC  are  in  general  met.  Very  few  violations  were  identified.  The 
Commission has no indication of any negative repercussions on vehicle emissions or engine 
functioning due to these violations. The Commission remains concerned about the violations 
and  will  continue  insisting  that  Member  States  ensure  full  compliance  with  the  fuel  quality 
requirements laid down in the Directive. The amendments to Directive 98/70/EC by Directive 
2003/17/EC  included  the  insertion  of  a  new  Article  9a  which  states  "Member  States  shall 
determine the penalties applicable to breaches of the national provisions adopted pursuant to 
this Directive. The penalties determined must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive." It is 
expected  that  the  implementation  of  this  requirement  will  have  positive  repercussions  on 
compliance. 

The  share  of  <10  and  <50  ppm  fuels  increased  significantly  from  2001  to  2003.  However, 
there was little change between 2003 and 2004 and the expansion of the EU has resulted in a 
slight  reduction  in  the  percentage  of  these  in  the  overall  fuel  supply.  The  lack  of  identified 
zero  or  low  sulphur  grades  limits  customers’  ability  to  choose  these.  This  will  hamper  the 
introduction of vehicles benefiting from them. The report does not address the extent to which 
sulphur free fuels were available on a geographical basis – this information is to be provided 
by Member States in reporting on 2005 monitoring onwards. 

The  fuel  quality  monitoring  systems  established  at  national  level  differ  considerably  and 
require  further  uniformity  in  order  to  provide  transparent  and  comparable  results.  The 
implementation  of  Directive  2003/17/EC  has  led  to  improved  quality  of  reporting  as  it 
requires Member States to report on monitoring in accordance to the new European Standard, 
EN 14274,  or  with  systems  of  equivalent  confidence.  There  still  remain  some  issues  to  be 
addressed  and  in  particular,  where  Member  States  do  not  report  according  to  EN  14274 
format, justification for this must be provided. 

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11 

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ANNEX: 2004 EU fuel sales by fuel type (million litres) (Sales for CY, LV and MT are not for the full calendar year, only for May-Dec 2004.) 

Million litres 

ID 
No.  Fuel grade 
1  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 
2  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
3  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
4  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
5  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
6  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 
7  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 
8  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
9  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

  Petrol (regular) 
  Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 
  Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 
  Total Petrol 
13  Diesel 
14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 
  Total Diesel 

Million litres 

ID 
No.  Fuel grade 
1  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 
2  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<50 ppm S) 
3  Unleaded petrol min. RON=91 (<10 ppm S) 
4  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 
5  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<50 ppm S) 
6  Unleaded petrol min. RON=95 (<10 ppm S) 
7  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 
8  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<50 ppm S) 
9  Unleaded petrol 95=<RON<98 (<10 ppm S) 
10  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 
11  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<50 ppm S) 
12  Unleaded petrol RON>=98 (<10 ppm S) 

  Petrol (regular) 
  Petrol (<50 ppm sulphur) 
  Petrol (<10 ppm sulphur) 
  Total Petrol 
13  Diesel 
14  Diesel (<50 ppm sulphur) 
15  Diesel (<10 ppm sulphur) 
  Total Diesel 

Austria  Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland 

AU 
- 
92 
672 
- 
121 
1,899 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
104 
0 
213 
2,676 
2,889 
215 
1,645 
5,291 
7,150 

BE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,830 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
786 
- 
0 
2,616 
0 
2,616 
- 
7,579 
- 
7,579 

DK 
520 
- 
- 
2,029 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
20 
- 
- 
2,569 
0 
0 
2,569 
- 
2,658 
- 
2,658 

FI 
- 
- 
- 
2,208 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
303 
- 
- 
2,512 
0 
0 
2,512 
- 
2,363 
- 
2,363 

FR 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
0 
0 
0 
- 
- 
- 
0 

DE 
- 
- 
10,013 
- 
- 
23,887 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,188 
0 
0 
35,088 
35,088 
- 
- 
34,642 
34,642 

EL 
- 
- 
- 
3,849 
- 
- 
916 
- 
- 
399 
61 
- 
5,164 
61 
0 
5,225 
3,055 
319 
13 
3,387 

2,201  19,704

IE 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
4 
- 
- 
- 

0 
4 

Italy  Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden UK 
UK 
IT 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
24,094
- 
- 
1,097 
- 
- 
- 
- 
0 
25,191
0 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

0 
0 

PT 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,890 
- 
- 
574 
- 
- 
2,464 
0 
0 
2,464 
5,940 
- 
- 
5,940 

ES 
- 
- 
- 
7,976
- 
- 
1,259
- 
- 
1,209
- 
- 
10,445
0 
0 
10,445
26,447
- 
- 
26,447

SE 
- 
- 
- 
- 
4,905 
- 
- 
- 
- 
640 
- 
- 
640 
4,905 
0 
5,545 
- 
42 
4,031 
4,073 

EU15 

EU15 
EU15  % Total 
0.4% 
528 
0.1% 
92 
8.6% 
10,685 
36.4% 
45,447 
24.8% 
30,950 
21.2% 
26,381 
3.3% 
4,064 
0.9% 
1,097 
0.0% 
4 
2.0% 
2,506 
1.3% 
1,654 
1.0% 
1,292 
42.1% 
52,546 
27.1% 
33,793 
30.8% 
38,362 
25,191 124,701 100.0% 
40.4% 
64,434 
32.0% 
51,004 
27.6% 
43,977 
22,252 159,415 100.0% 

- 
22,252
- 

NL 
- 
- 
- 
7,501 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
7,501 
0 
0 
7,501 
- 
9,724 
- 
9,724 

LU 
8 
- 
- 
573 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
167 
- 
582 
167 
0 
749 
- 
1,947 
- 
1,947 

2,201  19,704

2,204  19,704
28,777
- 
- 

- 
2,474 
- 

2,474  28,777

Cyprus  Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland  Slovakia Slovenia EU10  EU10 
EU10  % Total
LT 
3.2% 
441 
60 
0.3% 
37 
37 
0.6% 
90 
- 
75.4% 
10,498
- 
3.8% 
527 
348 
2.9% 
407 
- 
8.0% 
1,118 
- 
0.0% 
0 
- 
0.0% 
0 
- 
5.6% 
779 
- 
0.1% 
8 
8 
0.2% 
25 
1 
92.2% 
12,836
60 
4.1% 
571 
392 
3.7% 
522 
1 
13,928 100.0%
453 
93.6% 
17,086
35 
4.8% 
884 
687 
1.5% 
159 
277 
18,248 100.0%
881 

PL 
- 
- 
- 
5,331 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
393 
- 
- 
5,724 
0 
0 
5,724 
7,677 
- 
- 
7,677 

CZ 
322 
- 
- 
2,714 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
35 
- 
- 
3,070 
0 
0 
3,070 
4,171 
- 
- 
4,171 

HU 
12 
- 
- 
1,812 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
168 
- 
- 
1,992 
0 
0 
1,992 
2,710 
- 
- 
2,710 

MT 
- 
- 
- 
43 
- 
- 
19 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
61 
0 
0 
61 
63 
- 
- 
63 

SI 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
845 
- 
- 
52 
- 
- 
897 
0 
0 
897 
894 
- 
- 
894 

LV 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
254 
- 
- 
32 
- 
- 
286 
0 
0 
286 
458 
- 
- 
458 

CY 
- 
- 
- 
216 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
45 
- 
- 
261 
0 
0 
261 
272 
- 
- 
272 

SK 
28 
- 
90 
61 
179 
407 
- 
- 
- 
3 
- 
24 
92 
179 
520 
791 
315 
197 
119 
630 

EE 
20 
- 
- 
322 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
51 
- 
- 
393 
0 
0 
393 
492 
- 
- 
492 

European Union  European Union 

EU 
969 
128 
10,775 
55,945 
31,477 
26,787 
5,183 
1,097 
4 
3,285 
1,662 
1,317 
65,382 
34,364 
38,883 
138,628 
81,520 
51,888 
44,254 
177,662 

% Total 
0.7% 
0.1% 
7.8% 
40.4% 
22.7% 
19.3% 
3.7% 
0.8% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.2% 
0.9% 
47.2% 
24.8% 
28.0% 
100.0% 
45.9% 
29.2% 
24.9% 
100.0% 

EN 

12 

EN