Commission Regulation (EC) No 439/2006 of  16 March 2006  imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of China
Date: 2006-03-16
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: China, animal skin, anti-dumping duty, anti-dumping legislation, leather

17.3.2006

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Official Journal of the European Union

L 80/7

COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 439/2006

of 16 March 2006

imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of chamois leather originating in the
People’s Republic of China

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 (1) of 22 December 1995 on protection against
dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community (the basic Regulation), and
in particular Article 7 thereof,

After consulting the Advisory Committee,

Whereas:

1. Initiation

A. PROCEDURE

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

On 25 June 2005, the Commission announced by way of a notice (notice of initiation) published in
the Official Journal of the European Union (2), the initiation of an anti-dumping proceeding concerning
imports of chamois leather originating in the People’s Republic of China (the PRC).

The proceeding was initiated following a complaint lodged in May 2005 by The British Leather
Confederation (the complainant) on behalf of producers representing a major proportion, in this case
more than 70 %, of the total Community production of chamois leather. The complaint contained
prima facie evidence of dumping of the said product and of material injury resulting therefrom, which
was considered sufficient to justify the initiation of a proceeding.

2. Parties concerned by the proceeding

The Commission officially advised the complainant, the Community producers mentioned in the
complaint, other known Community producers, the authorities of the PRC, the exporting producers,
importers, as well as the associations known to be concerned of the initiation of the investigation.
Interested parties were given the opportunity to make their views known in writing and to request a
hearing within the time-limit set in the notice of initiation. One exporter in the PRC, as well as
producers and importers in the Community, made their views known in writing. All parties who so
requested within the above time-limit and showed that there were particular reasons why they should
be heard were granted the opportunity to be heard.

In view of the anticipated large number of exporting producers and importers involved in the
investigation, the application of sampling techniques was envisaged in the notice of initiation, in
accordance with Article 17 of the basic Regulation.

In order to enable the Commission to decide whether sampling would be necessary and, if so, to
select a sample, exporting producers and importers were requested to make themselves known and to
provide information as specified in the notice of initiation. No exporting producers came forward to
comment on the possible selection of a sample.

(1) OJ L 56, 6.3.1996, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 2117/2005 (OJ L 340, 23.12.2005,

p. 17).

(2) OJ C 154, 25.6.2005, p. 12.

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(6)

(7)

(8)

Seven importers came forward and provided information within the time-limit set for this purpose,
but only three companies were willing to cooperate in the investigation. Given the limited number of
importers who replied to the sampling questionnaire and indicated their willingness to cooperate, it
was decided that sampling was not necessary. Questionnaires were sent to all three importers.
the importers cooperated in the investigation and declined to
However, subsequently none of
return a complete questionnaire reply. Two of them stated that the product concerned was not a
major part of their activity and therefore neither their available resources in terms of staff nor the
financial implications could support cooperation in the investigation.

In order to allow exporting producers in the PRC to submit a claim for market economy treatment
(MET) pursuant to Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation or individual treatment (IT) pursuant to
if they so wished, the Commission sent MET and IT claim
Article 9(5) of the basic Regulation,
forms to the Chinese companies known to be concerned. In this respect, no exporting producers
requested MET or IT.

In view of the absence of responses from any exporting producers in the PRC, it was not necessary to
select any sample of exporting producers. In addition, since no exporting producers in the PRC
provided the necessary information or made requests for MET or for IT within the time-limits set in
accordance with the basic Regulation, it was decided that findings in respect of the assessment of
dumping would be made on the basis of Article 18 of the basic Regulation. The authorities of the
PRC were advised of this and raised no objections.

(9)

The Commission sent questionnaires to all parties known to be concerned and to all other companies
that made themselves known within the deadlines set out in the notice of initiation. Replies were
received from three Community producers mentioned in the complaint.

(10)

The Commission sought and verified all
information it deemed necessary for the purpose of a
preliminary determination of dumping, resultant injury and Community interest. Verification visits
were carried out at the following companies:

Community producers

— Marocchinerie e Scamoscerie Italiane (MESI), Italy,

— Hutchings & Harding Ltd, UK,

— Beaven Ltd, UK.

(11)

In the absence of any claims for MET or IT and of the need to establish a normal value for exporting
producers in the PRC, a verification visit to establish normal value on the basis of data from an
analogue country took place at the premises of the following company:

— Acme Sponge & Chamois Co., Inc., USA.

(12)

The investigation of dumping and injury covered the period from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005
(investigation period or IP). The examination of trends relevant for the assessment of injury covered
the period from 1 January 2001 to the end of the IP (period considered).

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B. PRODUCT CONCERNED AND LIKE PRODUCT

1. General

(13)

Chamois and combination chamois leather is leather usually made from the skins of sheep and
lambs, but can also be made from the skins of other animals. It is made from skins from which the
grain surface has been removed, which is then tanned using solely fish or other animal oil, in the case
of chamois leather, or by partial tanning with aldehydes or other tanning agents and then with fish
or other animal oils, in the case of combination chamois leather. The leather obtained after tanning is
crust chamois leather, which is normally further processed through a finishing process involving
buffing to give it a soft, suede-like finish. The products primary characteristics of water absorbency
and softness, which derive from the tanning or partial tanning with fish oil or other animal oil, make
it ideally suited to its main use for cleaning and polishing.

2. Product concerned

(14)

The product concerned is chamois leather, or combination chamois leather, whether or not cut to
shape, including chamois and combination crust chamois leather (chamois leather) originating in the
PRC (the product concerned), currently classifiable within CN codes 4114 10 10 and 4114 10 90. All
these presentations were found to be sufficiently similar for them to constitute a single product for
the purpose of the proceeding, given that they share the same basic physical characteristic and uses.

3. Like product

(15) On the basis of information available from the complainant, no differences were found between the
product concerned and chamois leather produced and sold in the USA, which served as analogue
country for the purpose of establishing normal value in respect of the PRC.

(16) On the basis of information available from the complainant, no differences were found between the
product concerned and chamois leather produced and sold in the Community by the Community
industry.

(17)

It is therefore provisionally concluded that, in accordance with Article 1(4) of the basic Regulation
and for the purpose of this investigation, chamois leather produced and sold on the domestic market
of the PRC, that produced and sold in the USA and that produced and sold by the Community
industry on the Community market have the same basic physical characteristics and uses and are
therefore considered to be alike to the product concerned.

1. Sampling

C. DUMPING

(18) As explained in recital 6 above, due to the absence of responses from any exporting producers in the
PRC, it was not necessary to apply sampling in respect of exporting producers in the PRC.

2. Market economy treatment and individual treatment

(19) As explained in recital 7 above, due to the absence of responses, or requests for MET or IT, no

exporting producer in the PRC was granted MET or IT.

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3. Normal value

3.1. Analogue country

(20)

Pursuant to Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation, normal value was established on the basis of the
prices or constructed value in an analogue country. In the notice of initiation, it was envisaged to use
the USA as an appropriate analogue country for the purpose of establishing normal value for the PRC
and interested parties were invited to comment on the appropriateness of this choice. No comments
or objections were received from any parties in this respect.

(21) Nevertheless, through contacts with associations or Chambers of Commerce which could be iden-
tified in third countries, the suitability of other countries which were considered as possibly having
chamois leather production was examined. It was found that in the case of Brazil and India, there
were either no producers of chamois leather or none were selling on the domestic markets of those
countries. In the case of Turkey,
information provided by a Turkish producer indicated that the
Turkish domestic market is very limited. On the basis of the above, it was decided to maintain the
USA as the choice for analogue country. The Commission therefore sought and obtained full co-
operation from one producer in the USA.

(22)

The USA has a relatively large and open domestic market for chamois leather (tariff protection of
3,2 %), with a number of suppliers and a considerable level of imports. In addition, similar processes
as in the PRC are used for the production of the product concerned.

3.2. Determination of normal value

(23)

Pursuant to Article 2(7) of the basic Regulation, normal value was established on the basis of the
verified information received from a producer in a market economy third country, i.e. on the basis of
prices paid or payable on the domestic market of the USA, for product types which were found to be
sold in the ordinary course of trade.

(24) As a result, normal value was established as the weighted average domestic sales price to unrelated

customers by the co-operating producer in the USA.

4. Export price

(25)

In the absence of cooperation by exporting producers in the PRC, the export price was established on
the basis of Eurostat data on the quantity and value of imports into the Community of the product
concerned originating in the PRC, this being the best information available in accordance with Article
18 of the basic Regulation. The information used was cross-checked with information submitted by
one trading company in the PRC. Data provided by the trading company was in line with the
statistical data used as the basis to establish the export price.

5. Comparison

(26)

The normal value and export prices were compared on an ex-works basis. For the purpose of
ensuring a fair comparison between the normal value and the export price, due allowance in the
form of adjustments was made for differences affecting prices and price comparability in accordance
with Article 2(10) of the basic Regulation. Appropriate adjustments concerning differences in physical
characteristics, discounts, transport and insurance, packing, credit and after-sales costs were granted
where they were found to be appropriate and supported by verified evidence.

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6. Dumping margin

(27)

The dumping margin was established on the basis of a comparison of a weighted average normal
value with a weighted average export price, in accordance with Article 2(11) and (12) of the basic
Regulation. The country wide dumping margin, expressed as a percentage of the CIF Community
frontier price, duty unpaid, is 73,5 %.

1. Community production

D. INJURY

(28)

The investigation established that the like product is at present mainly manufactured by eight
producers in the Community accounting for about 95 % of total Community production with the
remaining 5 % being produced by a number of very small tanneries throughout the Community.

2. Definition of the Community industry

(29)

The complaint was supported by eight Community producers (six complainant and two supporting
companies) out of which three of the complainant companies fully cooperated. One complainant
company did not provide a full response to the questionnaire and therefore was considered as non-
cooperating although it reaffirmed its support for the complaint. One more complainant and one
supporting company provided only limited information concerning their production. Both companies
are considered as non-cooperating with the proceeding. The remaining two companies did not
cooperate in the investigation.

(30)

The three cooperating companies account for more than 56 % of Community production of the
product concerned. They are therefore deemed to constitute the Community industry within the
meaning of Articles 4(1) and 5(4) of the basic Regulation.

3. Community consumption

(31)

Consumption was established by adding the Community sales of
the cooperating Community
producers, the estimated sales of the non-cooperating Community producers in the Community
and total imports as set out in Eurostat, duly adjusted where evidence existed of incorrect import
statistics for certain countries. The sales of the non-cooperating producers were based on information
submitted by three non-cooperating producers and on the complaint, in the absence of other sources
of information. As for the imports, the Eurostat figures were expressed in tonnes and therefore a
conversion rate was used in order to express them in square feet. This shows that demand for the
product concerned in the Community increased slightly by 5 % over the period considered repre-
senting an annual growth of approximately 1 %.

Apparent consumption in the Community

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

Square feet (in thousands)

19 872

20 424

21 565

20 582

20 873

Index 2001 = 100

100

103

109

104

105

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the Community industry, complaint, Eurostat, information provided by non-cooperating

producers.

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4. Volume of the imports from the country concerned and market share

(32)

The volume of imports of the product concerned originating in the PRC derived from Eurostat and
expressed in square feet using the methodology described in recital 31, increased from approximately
2,1 million square feet in 2001 to 6,6 million square feet in the IP.

Volume of imports (in thousands of square feet)

2 130

1 627

5 037

6 273

6 607

Index 2001 = 100

100

76

236

295

310

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

(33) During the period considered, imports from the PRC increased their share of the Community market
from 10,7 % in 2001 to 31,7 % in the IP. This rapid increase in market share took place against a
background of relatively small growth in consumption.

Market share

10,7 %

8,0 %

23,4 %

30,5 %

31,7 %

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

(i) Import prices

(34)

Price information for the imports concerned was derived from Eurostat data based on the import
volumes established using the methodology described in recital 31 above. This information showed
that the average CIF prices of imports originating in the PRC fluctuated during the period considered.
Prices initially increased by 25 % in 2002 before decreasing by 20 % in 2003. 2004 saw an increase
of 9 % before a further decrease in the IP.

Prices in EUR/square feet of chamois leather

Index

Source: Eurostat.

2001

0,63

100

2002

0,79

125

2003

0,50

80

2004

0,69

109

IP

0,66

104

(ii) Price undercutting and price depression

(35)

For the purpose of calculating the level of price undercutting in the IP, the prices of the product
concerned sold by the Community industry producers were compared to the prices of imports on the
Community market during the IP on the basis of a weighted average price for all types of chamois
leather, based on Eurostat figures. The prices of the Community industry were adjusted to an ex-
works basis. The prices of the imports concerned were on a CIF basis with an appropriate adjustment
for quality differences found, the customs duties and post importation costs.

(36)

This comparison showed that during the IP, the products concerned originating in the PRC were sold
in the Community at prices which undercut the Community industry prices, when expressed as a
percentage of the latter, by 30 %.

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5. Economic situation of the Community industry

(37)

Pursuant to Article 3(5) of the basic Regulation, the examination of the impact of the dumped
imports on the Community industry included an evaluation of all economic factors having a
bearing on the state of the Community industry during the period considered.

(i) Production capacity, production, capacity utilisation

(38)

The Community industry’s production capacity remained stable during the period considered. Over
the same period, the Community industry continuously decreased its production by a total of 20 %
and its capacity utilisation rate dropped from 71,2 % in 2001 to 57 % in the IP.

Production capacity in thousand square feet of
chamois leather

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

16 754

16 754

16 754

16 754

16 754

Index 2001 = 100

100

100

100

100

100

Production in thousand square feet of chamois
leather

11 934

11 583

11 262

10 469

9 554

Index 2001 = 100

100

97

94

88

80

Production capacity utilisation rates

71,2 %

69,1 %

67,2 %

62,5 %

57,0 %

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

(ii) Sales volume and market share

(39)

The sales of the Community industry in the Community declined sharply by 17 percentage points
over the period considered from 8,1 million square feet in 2001 to some 6,7 million square feet in
the IP, in spite of the increase in consumption over the same period. This is fully reflected in their
market share which decreased continuously from 41,1 % in 2001 to 32,3 % during the IP.

Sales of the Community industry (in thousand
square feet)

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

8 163

8 166

7 478

6 423

6 746

Index 2001 = 100

Market share

100

100

92

79

83

41,1 %

40,0 %

34,7 %

31,2 %

32,3 %

(iii) Stocks

(40)

The figures below represent the volume of stocks at the end of each period.

Stocks (in thousand square feet)

4 508

3 321

3 157

4 298

4 243

Index 2001 = 100

100

74

70

95

94

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

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(41)

Stocks decreased sharply by 26 percentage points in 2002 and then they continually increased until
the IP. This evolution is due to the export activity of the cooperating Community producers which,
after a significant increase in 2002 mainly due to some big sale contracts in the USA market,
declined in 2004 and the IP, as demonstrated in the figures below.

sales of

Export
thousand square feet)

the Community industry (in

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

3 068

5 273

4 817

3 825

3 283

Index 2001 = 100

100

172

157

125

107

(42)

The Community industry alleged that the decline in its export activity was partially due to the
it is noteworthy to
competition with the Chinese exports on the USA market. In this respect,
observe that there was a substantial
increase of the imports of the product concerned into the
USA originating in the PRC,
from 780 thousand square feet in 2002 up to 1 209 thousand
square feet in 2004.

(iv) Growth

(43) While the cooperating Community industry producers’ production decreased by 20 percentage points
over the period considered, the Community consumption increased by 5 % over the same period, and
in parallel the volume of the imports concerned increased more than threefold. Thus, the Community
industry lost part of its market share, whereas the imports concerned managed to increase theirs.

(v) Employment and productivity

(44)

The level of employment of the Community industry decreased over the period considered by 6 %.
Over the same period, its productivity, measured as output per person employed per year, decreased
by 15 %.

Number of employees

Index 2001 = 100

Productivity (thousand square feet/person):
production/employee

Index 2001 = 100

2001

2002

128

100

93

100

129

101

90

96

2003

127

99

89

95

2004

124

97

84

91

IP

120

94

79

85

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

(vi) Sales prices and factors affecting domestic prices

(45)

The Community industry producers’ average net sales price dropped by 8 percentage points between
2001 and 2003 before showing a small increase of 1 percentage point in 2004. In the IP, prices fell
again by a further 3 percentage points.. This evolution shows the substantially depressed market
conditions that the Community industry faced over the period considered.

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Average selling price (EUR/square feet)

Index 2001 = 100

2001

1,24

100

2002

1,22

98

2003

1,15

92

2004

1,16

93

IP

1,13

90

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

(vii) Profitability

(46)

The Community industry’s return on net sales in the Community market, before taxes, suffered a
marked deterioration during the period considered as demonstrated below.

Profitability

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

4,2 %

5,5 %

1,3 %

– 7,6 %

– 6,1 %

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

(47)

The Community industry was profitable in the years 2001 and 2002. However, from 2003 onwards,
profitability decreased dramatically recording high losses in 2004 and the IP.

(48)

(49)

(viii) Investments and return on investments

The level of investments in the production of the product concerned made by the cooperating
Community industry producers
increased during the period considered from approximately
EUR 354 000 to some EUR 407 000. This investments increase focused mainly on the replacement
of existing assets and the acquisition of additional and/or new equipment with the aim of better
handling existing production.

The cooperating Community industry producers’ return on investment, which expresses their pre-tax
result as a percentage of the average opening and closing net book value of assets employed in the
production of the product concerned, was positive during the period 2001 to 2003, reflecting their
profit situation. In 2004 and the IP, their return on investment was negative reflecting thus their loss
making situation.

Investments (in EUR)

Index 2001 = 100

Return on investments

Source: Questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

354 626

691 087

558 887

423 142

407 456

100

40 %

195

32 %

158

10 %

119

115

– 28 %

– 37 %

(ix) Ability to raise capital

(50)

There was no claim from the Community industry, or indication, that the Community industry
encountered problems in raising capital for its activities.
It should be, however, noted that the
losses encountered in 2004 and the IP established a rather unfavourable context in this respect.
Furthermore,
is noteworthy that small and family-run enterprises such as the cooperating
Community industry producers have only external providers of finance. These are in general not
willing to take risks that parent companies, in the case of larger groups, would be more susceptible to
take in a longer term view of the business trusting that a recovery from the current difficult situation
in which the industry finds itself will be possible.

it

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(x) Cash flow

(51)

The cooperating Community industry producers recorded a net cash inflow from operating activities
in the period from 2001 to 2003. However, this turned negative in 2004 and the IP reflecting thus
the significant losses registered during these years. The same is shown when the cash flow is
expressed as a percentage of turnover. During the period considered, there were some substantial
short-term cash flow variations which were due to stock level variations (see recitals 41 above).

Cash flow (in EUR ’000)

Index 2001 = 100

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

988

100

2 608

264

839

85

– 1 650

– 1 567

– 167

– 159

Source: Verified questionnaire replies of the cooperating Community industry producers.

(xi) Wages

(52)

The total wage bill of the cooperating Community industry producers remained relatively stable over
the period considered, with the exception of a 7 % decrease in 2003. The movement in wages is
below movements in the cost of living.

Wages per employee (in EUR)

27 081

27 375

25 093

27 402

27 373

Index 2001 = 100

100

101

93

101

101

2001

2002

2003

2004

IP

Source: Questionnaire replies of the Community industry.

(xii) Magnitude of dumping margin

(53) As concerns the impact on the Community industry of the magnitude of the actual margin of
dumping, given the volume and the prices of the imports from the PRC, this impact is substantial.

(xiii) Recovery from past dumping

(54)

The Community industry was not in a situation where it had to recover from the past effects of
injurious dumping.

6. Conclusion on injury

(55)

The examination of the above mentioned factors shows that between 2001 and the IP, the dumped
imports increased sharply in terms of volume and market share. In fact, their volume increased
almost threefold during the period considered and they achieved a market share of 31,7 % in the IP.
It is to be noted that in the IP, they accounted for 72,7 % of total imports of the product concerned
into the Community. Moreover in the IP, the sales prices of the Community industry were substan-
tially undercut by 30 % by those of the imports concerned.

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(56) During the period considered almost all

injury indicators developed negatively. Production and
capacity utilisation decreased (– 20 % and – 14 percentage points respectively), whereas in light of
the increase in Community consumption of 5 % during the same period, these indicators could have
been expected to develop in a rather positive manner. The sales volume and prices have also fallen
considerably (– 17 % and – 10 % respectively).

(57)

The Community industry lost significant market share during the period considered at a time when
to nearly
total Community consumption grew from approximately 19,8 million square feet
20,9 million square feet. The Community industry suffered a dramatic decline in profitability
(– 10 percentage points), cash flow (– 20,6 % of turnover) and return on investments (– 37 percentage
points).

(58)

In the light of the foregoing, it is provisionally concluded that the Community industry has suffered
material injury, characterised by severe price depression, declining profitability as well as declining
returns on investment, within the meaning of Article 3 of the basic Regulation.

1. Introduction

E. CAUSATION

(59)

In accordance with Article 3(6) and (7) of the basic Regulation, it was examined whether the dumped
imports originating in the PRC have caused injury to the Community industry to a degree that may
be considered as material. Known factors other than the dumped imports, which could at the same
time have injured the Community industry, were also examined to ensure that the possible injury
caused by these other factors was not attributed to the dumped imports.

2. Effects of the dumped imports

(60)

Imports from the PRC have increased considerably during the period concerned, by 4,5 million
square feet in terms of volume, and by 21 percentage points in terms of market share. Prices of
imports originating in the PRC significantly undercut Community industry prices by 30 %.

(61)

The effects of dumped imports can be illustrated by the fact that over the period considered, the
producers in the PRC increased their market share at the expense of the Community industry.

(62) Overall, between 2001 and the IP, the Community industry’s loss of market share of 8,8 percentage

points was totally absorbed by the increase in market share of imports of the PRC.

(63)

The loss of market share and insufficient price levels of the Community industry also coincided with
the injurious situation of the industry evidenced by the significant losses, the sharp deterioration in its
cash flow and return on investment and the unfavourable development of employment.

(64)

These factors, coupled with the fact that the Community industry was not able to take advantage of
the slightly growing Community market, due to the depressed prices, had the effect that in spite of
investments geared towards modernising the production facilities, it suffered material injury during
the period. The expansion of the dumped imports’ market share and the drop in the import prices
coincided with the sharp change in the conditions for the Community industry.

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3. Effects of other factors

3.1. Imports from other countries

(65)

The imports in volumes and prices from the main other countries are shown in the table below.

Imports from third main countries

Turkey (thousands square feet)

Average prices (EUR/square feet)

countries

Other
above: In volume (thousands square feet)

excluding

those mentioned

2001

353

1,01

2002

380

0,73

2003

237

0,33

2004

893

0,81

IP

1 677

0,52

1 732

2 078

1 933

1 825

2 485

Average prices (EUR/square feet)

1,14

0,93

0,79

0,91

0,60

(66)

The imports from Turkey increased substantially throughout the period considered representing an
increase of 6,2 percentage points in market share. However,
the investigation showed that a
these imports in 2003, 2004 and the IP was made by one cooperating
significant part of
Community producer. A small part of
served in completing that
producer’s product range and the rest was re-exported to third countries after having been
trimmed and repackaged. Therefore,
these quantities could not have caused injury to the
Community industry. The remaining quantities imported from Turkey represent a low and rather
steady market share of around 2 % during the period considered with the exception of the IP when
they reached 6 %. As for the prices of these quantities, they were lower than those of imports from
the PRC in 2002, 2003 and the IP but higher in 2001 and 2004. In light of the above,
it is
concluded that these imports may have contributed, albeit not significantly, to the material injury
suffered by the Community industry.

these imported products

(67) With regard to the imports from countries other than Turkey, while prices of these imports were
lower than those of the Community industry during the period considered, they were substantially
higher than those of the imports from the PRC throughout the whole period considered with the
exception of the IP. Import volumes increased from 1,7 million square feet in 2001 to 2,5 million
square feet in the IP, representing a market share increase of 3,2 percentage points over the period
considered as compared with an increase of 21 percentage points over the same period for the
imports from the PRC. In light of the above, it is therefore provisionally concluded that imports from
other third countries could not be a determining reason for the injurious situation of the Community
industry.

3.2. Performance of other Community producers

(68) Non-cooperating Community producers of the product concerned held a market share of around
24 % during the IP, down from almost 40 % in 2001. During the period considered, their sales
volume decreased substantially by 36 %. In addition, the average prices of non-cooperating producers
moved at the same level as the complainant producers’ average prices. This evidence suggests that
they are in a similar situation to the Community industry, i.e. that they have suffered injury from the
dumped imports. Therefore it cannot be concluded that other Community producers caused material
injury to the Community industry.

3.3. Exports by the Community industry

(69) As for the exports of the Community industry, as shown in the table in recital (41) above, they
increased by 7 % during the period considered, in contrast to sales on the EU market which decreased
by 17 % during the same period. Export sales prices were on average at profitable or breakeven level
during the period considered. In these circumstances, it is provisionally concluded that the export
performance of the Community industry did not contribute to the injury suffered.

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(70) No other factors, which could at the same time have injured the Community industry, were raised by

interested parties or identified during the course of the investigation.

4. Conclusion on causation

(71)

It must be underlined that the injury in this case was primarily in the form of price depression and
decreasing sales causing significant losses in the Community industry. This coincided with the rapidly
increasing imports at dumped prices from the PRC which undercut substantially the Community
industry prices. There is no indication that the above mentioned other factors could have been a
significant cause of the material injury suffered by the Community industry.

(72) Given the above analysis which has properly distinguished and separated the effects of all the known
factors on the situation of the Community industry from the injurious effects of the dumped imports,
it is provisionally concluded that there is a causal link between the dumped imports from the PRC
and the material injury suffered by the Community industry.

F. COMMUNITY INTEREST

(73)

In accordance with Article 21 of the basic Regulation, the Commission considered whether, despite
the conclusion on injurious dumping, the imposition of the anti-dumping measures would be
contrary to the interests of the Community as a whole. The determination of the Community
interest was based on an examination of all
the
Community industry, the importers and traders of the product concerned.

the various interests involved,

those of

i.e.

(74)

In order to assess the Community interest, the Commission analysed the likely effects of the impo-
sition/non-imposition of anti-dumping measures on the economic operators concerned.

1. Interest of the Community industry

(75)

The Community industry is mainly composed of small companies. The production activity is
currently only at 57 % of its production capacity.

(76)

The imposition of measures is expected to prevent a continuing distortion of the market and a
deterioration of prices. Measures would enable the Community industry to increase its sales and
thereby recover lost market share, while selling at prices that would cover costs and allow for a
profit. In conclusion, it is expected that mainly the decrease in unit costs (due to a higher capacity
utilisation resulting from increased sales and subsequently the higher productivity) and to a lesser
extent a slight price increase, would allow the Community industry to improve its financial situation.

(77) Otherwise, should anti-dumping measures not be imposed, it is likely that the negative trend of the
financial situation of the Community industry will continue. The Community industry is particularly
marked by a loss of revenue due to depressed prices, falling market share and significant losses.
Indeed, in view of the decreasing revenue and the material injury suffered during the IP, it is most
likely that the financial situation of the Community industry will deteriorate further in the absence of
any measures. This would ultimately lead to cuts in production and closures of production sites,
which would therefore threaten employment and investments in the Community.

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(78) Accordingly, it is provisionally concluded that the imposition of anti-dumping measures would allow
the Community industry to recover from the injurious dumping suffered and would be in the interest
of the Community industry.

2. Interest of unrelated importers/traders in the Community

(79) As stated in recital (6) above, three importers made themselves known after initiation of the inves-
tigation but all subsequently declined to cooperate in the investigation. None of them expressed views
on the possible imposition of measures. In these circumstances, a full assessment of the possible
effects of taking measures or not taking measures was not possible. However, it should be recalled
that anti-dumping measures are not intended to prevent imports, but rather to ensure that they are
not made at injuriously dumped prices. As fairly-priced imports will still be allowed to enter into the
Community market, and as imports from third countries will also continue,
it is likely that the
traditional business of importers will not be substantially affected even if anti-dumping measures
against dumped imports are imposed. In addition, it should be noted that comments received from
importers against the imposition of measures were not substantiated and therefore as such they were
rejected.

(80)

Therefore, it can be provisionally concluded that the likely effects of the imposition of anti-dumping
measures on unrelated importers/traders would not be significant.

3. Interest of users and consumers

(81) No user or consumer associations made themselves known within the time-limit set in the notice of
initiation. Given the non-cooperation of these parties,
it can be provisionally concluded that the
imposition of any anti-dumping measure would not unduly affect their situation. Furthermore, the
large number of producers in the Community and the volume of imports from other third countries
will ensure that users and retailers will continue to have a wide choice of different suppliers of the
product concerned at reasonable prices. The measures are expected to trigger an increase in prices to
the benefit of the Community industry in order for the latter to return to a reasonable profitable
situation. However, such increase is unlikely to be substantial as the existence of significant imports
from other countries at competitive prices will prevent the Community industry from increasing its
prices excessively.

4. Conclusion on Community interest

(82)

In the light of the above,
it is provisionally concluded that no compelling reasons exist against
imposing measures in the present case and that the application of measures would not be contrary to
the interest of the Community.

(83)

(84)

G. PROVISIONAL ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES

1. Injury elimination level

In view of the conclusions reached with regard to dumping,
interest, provisional measures should be imposed in order
Community industry by the dumped imports.

injury, causation and Community
injury to the
to prevent

further

The provisional measures should be imposed at a level sufficient to eliminate the injurious effect
caused to the Community industry by the dumped imports, without exceeding the dumping amounts
found. When calculating the amount of duty necessary to remove the effects of the injurious
dumping, it was considered that any measures should allow the Community industry to cover its
costs and obtain overall a profit before tax that could be reasonably achieved under normal
conditions of competition, i.e. in the absence of dumped imports.

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(85)

(86)

It is considered that in the period 2001 to 2002 there was a normal competitive situation on the
Community market where the Community industry, in the absence of injurious dumping, made a
normal profit margin which, on average attained the level of 5 %. Consequently, on the basis of the
information available, it was preliminarily found that a profit margin of 5 % of turnover could be
regarded as an appropriate level which the Community industry could be expected to obtain in the
absence of injurious dumping.

The required price increase was then determined on the basis of a comparison, at the same level of
trade, of the weighted average import price, as established for the price undercutting calculations,
with the non-injurious price of products sold by the Community industry on the Community market.
The non-injurious price was obtained by adjusting the sales price of each Community industry
producer to a break-even point and by adding the above mentioned profit margin. Any difference
resulting from this comparison was then expressed as a percentage of the total CIF import value.

(87) On this basis, the injury elimination margin found was 62 %.

2. Provisional measures

(88)

In the light of the foregoing,
in accordance with Article 7(2) of the basic
Regulation, provisional anti-dumping duties should be imposed in respect of imports of chamois
leather originating in the PRC at the level of the injury elimination margin found as this was lower
than the dumping margin found.

it is considered that,

H. FINAL PROVISION

(89)

In the interest of sound administration, a period should be fixed within which the interested parties
which made themselves known within the time-limit specified in the notice of initiation may make
their views known in writing and request a hearing. Furthermore, it should be stated that the findings
concerning the imposition of duties made for the purposes of this Regulation are provisional and
may have to be reconsidered for the purposes of any definitive duty,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

1.
A provisional anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of chamois leather and combination
chamois leather, whether or not cut to shape, including chamois and combination crust chamois leather
originating in the People’s Republic of China, falling within CN codes 4114 10 10 and 4114 10 90.

The rate of the provisional anti-dumping duty applicable to the net, free-at-Community-frontier price,
2.
before duty, for products produced by all companies in the People’s Republic of China shall be 62 %.

The release for free circulation in the Community of the product referred to in paragraph 1 shall be

3.
subject to the provision of a security equivalent to the amount of the provisional duty.

4.

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply.

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Article 2

Without prejudice to Article 20 of Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96,
interested parties may request
disclosure of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which this regulation was adopted, make
their views known in writing and apply to be heard orally by the Commission within one month of the date
of entry into force of this Regulation.

Pursuant to Article 21(4) of Regulation (EC) No 384/96, the parties concerned may comment on the
application of this Regulation within one month of the date of its entry into force.

Article 3

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the
European Union.

Article 1 of this Regulation shall apply for a period of six months.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 16 March 2006.

For the Commission

Peter MANDELSON
Member of the Commission