Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council -  Thematic programme for the cooperation with third countries in the areas of migration and asylum
Date: 2006-01-25
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU migration policy, EU programme, cooperation policy, immigration, third country

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 25.1.2006 
COM(2006) 26 final 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 

Thematic programme for the cooperation with third countries in the areas of 
migration and asylum 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

2.3. 

2.4. 

3. 

3.1. 

3.2. 

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 

Context ......................................................................................................................... 3 

Analysis of the theme................................................................................................... 3 

Political framework in place ........................................................................................ 5 

The interventions financed in the past and the lessons drawn ..................................... 5 

The reasons for a thematic approach............................................................................ 7 

The future thematic programme................................................................................... 7 

General objective and scope......................................................................................... 7 

Strategic guidelines ...................................................................................................... 9 

3.2.1.  Fostering the links between migration and development........................................... 10 

3.2.2.  Promoting well-managed labour migration ............................................................... 10 

3.2.3.  Fighting illegal migration and facilitating the readmission of illegal immigrants..... 11 

3.2.4.  Protecting migrants against exploitation and exclusion............................................. 12 

3.2.5.  Promoting asylum and international protection of refugees ...................................... 12 

3.3. 

Programming and implementation principles ............................................................ 13

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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL 

Thematic programme for the cooperation with third countries in the areas of 
migration and asylum 

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

With  the  aim  of  rationalising  and  simplifying  the  current  legislative  framework  governing 
external  actions  of  the  Community,  the  European  Commission  proposed  a  new  set  of  six 
instruments under the Financial Perspectives 2007 to 2013. Three instruments (humanitarian 
aid,  stability  and  macro-financial  assistance)  are  of  horizontal  nature  in  order  to  respond  to 
particular  needs  and  circumstances.  Three  instruments  (pre-accession  assistance,  support  to 
the  European  neighbourhood  and  development  cooperation  and  economic  cooperation)  are 
designed  to  implement  particular  policies  and  have  a  defined  geographical  coverage.  In 
future, these instruments will provide the basic legislative acts for Community expenditures in 
support of external cooperation programmes including thematic programmes and will replace 
the existing thematic regulations. 

According  to  theses  proposals,  thematic  programmes  provide  a  distinctive  value  added  and 
comprise  activities  complementing  geographical  programmes,  which  remain  the  privileged 
framework for Community cooperation with third countries1. 

The Commission has committed itself to enter into discussions with the European Parliament 
and the Council on the scope, objectives and priorities for each thematic programme on the 
basis of formal communications to both Institutions. The result of this process will provide the 
political orientations for the subsequent stages of programming, notably the thematic strategy 
papers to be drawn up in accordance with the provisions of the above instruments. 

The aim of this Communication is to propose the features of the thematic programme for the 
cooperation with third countries in the areas of migration and asylum. 

2. 

CONTEXT 

2.1. 

Analysis of the theme 

Migration is at the heart of the political debate in Europe and is one of the strategic priorities 
in the external relations of the Union. After having been for more than two centuries a region 
of emigration, Europe has become one of the main destinations for international migrations. 
The imbalances between on the one hand rich, democratic and stable European states in which 
the population is ageing, and, on the other hand, poorer, less stable states with young and fast 
growing populations, explain this development which can be expected to continue in the years 
ahead.  

1 

See  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the  Council  and  the  European  Parliament  on  “External 
Actions  through  Thematic  Programmes  under  the  Future  Financial  Perspectives  2007-2013”  - 
COM(2005) 324, 3.8.2005. 

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The  present  migration  situation  is  marked  by  the  rise  in  the  absolute  number  of  migrants, 
including in the number of women, the multiplication of the types of migration, the increase 
in  trafficking  in  human  beings,  the  growth  of  diasporas,  the  integration  challenges  for  the 
migrants and the host countries, the strengthening of ties with people who have stayed in the 
country  of  origin,  the  diversification  of  destinations  and  origins,  and  the  multiplication  of 
migration  routes.  The  migratory  pressure  is  increasingly  heavy  on  Europe  and  other 
industrialised  countries,  while  south/south  migration  constitutes  an  important  phenomenon 
(underlining the importance of also considering south/south migration and related factors). In 
some cases, countries which until recently were only origin and/or transit countries have also 
become transit or host countries, e.g. certain Central and Eastern European and North African 
countries. However, these countries are not always equipped and their infrastructure and staff 
in charge of managing migration are sometimes inadequate for coping with these situations. 
At the same time, people who are planning to emigrate need advice and practical help, while 
those  returning  to  their  country  of  origin  may  in  many  cases  need  support  for  their 
reintegration.  

In  this  context,  and  although  it  is  impossible  to  give  reliable  estimates,  illegal  immigration 
constitutes  an  increasingly  widespread  phenomenon.  While  an  important  part  of  illegal 
migrants  work  in  the  European  economies  and  labour  markets,  illegal  immigration,  part  of 
which is a result of smuggling of and trafficking in human beings, is also a source of various 
problems.  Destination  countries,  including  all  European  Union  countries,  are  developing 
specific  policies  to  fight  illegal  immigration,  while  at  the  same  time  making  more  coherent 
their  policies  to  manage  migration  and  to  promote  its  social  and  development  dimensions. 
However,  to  be  effective  and  efficient,  these  policies  require  the  cooperation  of  the  third 
countries of origin and transit.  

Migration  is  also  part  of  the  developing  countries’  modernisation  process  and  an  intensive 
debate  is  currently  ongoing  on  the  question  of  how  migration  can  better  contribute  to 
development.  Within  the  framework  of  these  reflections,  a  first  issue  is  the  potential  of 
migrants’ remittances and, in particular, how to reduce the transfer costs of migrant workers’ 
remittances  and  to  examine  ways  of  encouraging  development-oriented  investment.  Though 
developing countries may see benefits from emigration of low-skilled citizens, the emigration 
of  medium  and  high-skilled  workers  can  be  a  loss  of  human  resources.  The  search  for 
measures  to  address  this  problem  of  “brain  drain”  and  to  promote  brain  circulation  instead 
constitutes  a  second  strand  as  regards  migration  and  development  discussions.  Lastly, 
attention is also paid to encouraging the contribution from the diasporas to the development of 
their country of origin.  

Contrary to economic migration or migration for family reasons, migration caused by conflict 
and insecurity is usually of a more cyclical nature. Mass departure is often followed by mass 
return  once  the  security  situation  has  improved.  This  type  of  forced  migration  generates 
refugees  who  move  to  nearby  regions  where  protection  or  immediate  refuge  can  be  found. 
Refugees can put strain on the political, economic and social structures of the host countries, 
which do not always have  the infrastructure and the legislative and administrative means to 
cope.  Protracted  refugee  situations  can  increase  pressure  on  economic  and  environment 
resources and can sometimes create tensions, as well as generating secondary movements.  

All these developments affect the bilateral and regional relations of the European Union with 
third countries. 

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2.2. 

Political framework in place  

The Amsterdam Treaty created the legal bases for a Community policy on immigration and 
asylum.  The  goals  of  this  policy,  as  laid  down  by  the  Treaty,  were  concretized  by  the 
European  Council  of  Tampere  (October  1999)  and,  after  having  been  further  developed 
through  successive  European  Councils,  were  re-examined  by  the  European  Council  of  The 
Hague (November 2004). They concern the management of migratory flows, the setting up of 
a  common  asylum  regime,  the  equitable  treatment  of  the  third-country  nationals  and  the 
partnership with third countries within an overall, coherent and balanced approach. As regards 
cooperation  with  third  countries,  the  Hague  Programme  stated  in  particular  that  the  “EU 
should  aim  at  assisting  third  countries,  in  full  partnership,  using  existing  Community  funds 
where  appropriate,  in  their  efforts  to  improve  their  capacity  for  migration  management  and 
refugee  protection,  prevent  and  combat  illegal  immigration,  inform  on  legal  channels  for 
migration,  resolve  refugee  situations  by  providing  better  access  to  durable  solutions,  build 
border-control capacity, enhance document security and tackle the problem of return” 2.  

The Commission responded to these calls by incorporating the questions related to migration 
and  on  asylum  in  its  political  dialogues  with  third  countries  and  by  mainstreaming  these 
questions  in  its  cooperation  strategies.  This  included  also  proposing  comprehensive 
approaches as it was recently the case through issuing the Communication of 30 November 
2005 on Priority Actions for Responding to the Challenges of Migration: First Follow-up to 
Hampton Court3. 

Moreover,  in  2003,  the  Commission  proposed  a  new  specific  instrument,  the  AENEAS4 
programme (budget article 19 02 03), intended to be the successor of the preparatory actions 
financed from the budget heading B7-667 between 2001  and 2003,  with a view  to  assisting 
the  third  countries  in  their  efforts  for  better  managing  migratory  flows.  This  instrument, 
adopted  through  co-decision  procedure  in  2004,  was  created  to  cover  the  period  2004-2008 
and  was  endowed  with  a  budget  of  €  250  million5.  In  view  of  the  conclusion  at  the  end  of 
2006 of the current EU financial framework6, the duration of the AENEAS Programme is now 
being  shortened  to  three  years  and  a  new  thematic  programme,  subject  of  the  present 
document, is to be created which will, inter alia, continue the AENEAS activities within the 
framework of the Financial Perspectives 2007-2013.  

2.3. 

The interventions financed in the past and the lessons drawn  

a) 

Interventions within the framework of the geographical instruments  

Even if the new thematic programme on migration will not cover the pre-accession countries, 
it is relevant to note that migration, asylum, border control and the questions of visa received 
and  will  continue  to  receive  close  attention  within  the  framework  of  Enlargement.  Between 

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14292/1/04 REV 1, Presidency Conclusions – Brussels 8 December 2004 Chapt. 1.6.1. 
COM(2005) 621. 
The name “Aeneas” has been taken from the hero of the Aeneid of Virgile. 
€  30  million  for  2004,  €  45  million  for  2005,  €  45  million  for  2006,  €  60  million  for  2007  and  € 70 
million for 2008 (indicative annual distribution).  
This  also  explains  why  the  Revised  version  for  2006  of  the  reference  document  of  the  AENEAS 
Programme 2004-2006, which had to plan the activities of the latter for the budgetary years 2007-8, and 
had been included (point 2.7. (b) into the Action Plan implementing the Hague Programme approved by 
the Council on 10 June 2005 will be not any longer carried out .  

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1997  and  2003,  a  total  amount  of  €  413.3  million  were  spent  for  various  projects  in  these 
fields under the PHARE national programmes for the 10 applicant countries. A large number 
of  these  projects  consisted  of  "twinnings"  which  resulted  in  the  provision  of  experts  of  the 
Member States to the administrations of the applicant countries.  

If one refers to the geographical instruments such as TACIS and MEDA, approximately € 450 
million were programmed for the period 2002-2006, with a view to financing actions directly 
related to migration, mainly in the Balkans, in the Mediterranean and in Eastern Europe. The 
main  intervention  sectors  concerned  the  strengthening  of  the  institutional  capacities,  the 
improvement of border control, the fight against illegal immigration and trafficking in human 
beings,  the  return  and  reintegration  of  refugees  and  displaced  persons,  the  improvement  of 
reception policies and facilities for asylum applicants and refugees.  

For Asia, Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, the nature of the operations financed until 
now has been more closely related to refugees and displaced persons than to migration policy 
itself. 

b) 

Interventions under the preparatory actions 2001-2003  

Budget heading B7-667 was created in 2001, to allow the adoption of preparatory actions in 
the field of migration and of asylum. It was endowed with an overall amount of € 10 million 
for its first year. This amount was increased to € 12.5 million in 2002 to reach € 20 million in 
2003,  i.e.  a  total  of  €  42.5  million.  During  these  three  years,  49  operations  (for  an  amount 
often lower than € 1 million), were co-financed.  

The  management  of  migratory  flows,  the  prevention  of  illegal  immigration,  migrants' 
reintegration  in  countries  of  origin,  the  link  between  migration  and  development,  and 
international protection constituted the main areas of intervention. Geographically speaking, 
actions  were  carried  out  primarily  in  the  Balkans  (Albania  initially),  in  Eastern  Europe  (in 
particular in Ukraine and Russia), in the Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey) 
and in Asia (primarily Afghanistan and Sri Lanka).  

Operations financed under budget heading B7-667 contributed to ensuring increased visibility 
of  the  Community’s  external  action  in  the  area  of  migration  among  the  Member  States,  the 
administrations  of  certain  third  countries,  as  well  as  within  certain  specialised  international 
organisations  and  an  increasing  number  of  non  governmental  organisations.  However, 
because of its new approach and relatively autonomous development compared with the rest 
of  the  Community  external  assistance,  action  under  budget  heading  B7-667  has  sometimes 
resulted in the financing of operations isolated from the existing programming.  

However, the rise in the number of replies to the calls for proposals leaves no doubt as to the 
growing  interest  in  this  instrument.  Partners  have  also  diversified,  although  this  aspect 
remains to be improved.  

c) 

Interventions under the AENEAS programme  

In itself, the AENEAS programme constitutes a response to the weaknesses identified under 
the preparatory actions. In this context, the most innovative aspects consisted in the fact that a 
programming  document  was  elaborated,  identifying  in  an  indicative  manner  the  priorities 
envisaged  for  the  interventions  during  the  first  three  years  of  the  Programme  (2004-2006). 
Having  been  drafted  by  taking  into  account  the  national  and  regional  strategy  papers  and 

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indicative programmes, this document contributes to improving the consistency between the 
approaches developed from both the geographical and thematic instruments.  

It is premature to assess the Aeneas Programme in a conclusive manner given the fact that the 
financing decisions for the proposals selected following the first 2004 call for proposals have 
just  been  finalised7,  while  the  new  call  for  proposals  for  the  implementation  of  the  annual 
work programme 2005 has just been launched8 and the new annual work programme 2006 is 
under preparation.  

The  only  point  which,  at  this  stage,  can  be  made  is  that  the  AENEAS  Programme  has 
attracted a larger (although still limited) participation of governmental and non governmental 
organisations from third countries and EU Member States. This development, which ensues, 
inter alia, from an increased publicity of the calls for proposals, can only be welcomed. 

2.4. 

The reasons for a thematic approach  

The thematic approach is justified by the need to provide a horizontal Community framework 
to  strengthen  cooperation  between  EU  actors,  third  countries  and  international  actors 
concerned by the migration phenomenon, with a view to encouraging greater understanding of 
the challenges and contributing to the quest for balanced and mutually satisfactory solutions. 

It also responds to the need for integrating migration and asylum issues into the Community 
policies  of  cooperation  and  development,  whereas,  at  the  same  time,  it  may  contribute  to 
better match the Community’s own interests in the fields concerned, while responding to the 
call for improved policy coherence.  

The thematic approach answers the wish of the Commission to ensure greater visibility for the 
contribution made by the Community’s external policy to migration issues and may facilitate 
the creation of synergies between the Community and Member States approaches in this field.  

It  should  also  contribute  to  more  flexibility  so  that  rapidly-changing  environments  and  new 
migration trends will receive an effective and timely response. 

Lastly, the thematic approach answers the need for differentiated approaches which associate 
all the countries located along the same migratory route or countries confronted with similar 
challenges in the field of migration and asylum.  

3. 

THE FUTURE THEMATIC PROGRAMME  

3.1. 

General objective and scope  

In continuity with the AENEAS programme, the general objective of the thematic programme 
in the fields of migration and asylum is to bring specific, complementary assistance to third 
countries to support them in their efforts to ensure better management of migratory flows in 
all their dimensions.  

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26 projects in North Africa, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, South and Eastern Asia will be co-funded by 
the Community up to an overall amount of € 30 million, see annex I. 
This work programme will enable the Community to co-fund projects both in North and Sub-Saharan 
Africa,  the  Middle-East,  Eastern  Europe,  Central  Asia,  the  Balkans,  Turkey,  China,  Latin  America, 
Caribbean islands up to € 45 million; see Annex II. 

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The  contribution  from  the  thematic  programme  is  not  intended  to  replace  interventions 
programmed  in  the  same  fields  and  financed  from  geographic  instruments:  the  financing  of 
migration  related  activities  at  country  or  regional  level  should  continue  to  be  primarily 
envisaged in the context of the geographic instruments. Given that, in principle, the projects 
financed  by  the  thematic  programme  will  be  limited  in  size9,  the  thematic  programme  is 
appropriate  to  complement  interventions  from  geographic  instruments,  or  propose  new 
initiatives, possibly on a pilot basis, taking account of the strategic approach defined by the 
Community with regard to the third countries and regions concerned.  

It will also be preferred when it offers to the Community a more effective or efficient tool to 
achieve the expected results, and notably in the following cases: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

to address global or multiregional initiatives; 

to encourage cooperation initiatives in which partners of countries of origin, transit 
and  destination  will  develop  and  share  experience  and  working  methods  on  the 
various aspects of migration; 

to give a concrete expression, in the context of the Community external relations, to 
specific Community policy priorities, international obligations or commitments;  

to  initiate  preliminary  actions,  when  and  if  necessary,  in  countries  and  regions  for 
which migration and/or asylum are becoming priority issues but no Strategy Paper or 
Indicative  Programme  exists  or  the  latter  does  not  foresee  the  possibility  of 
interventions in that field because migration and/or asylum were not priorities at the 
time the Indicative Programme was approved; 

to  fund  actions  through  NGO’s  and  other  actors  of  the  civil  society  without 
government’s agreement, in cases where cooperation is restricted or in situations of 
difficult partnership. 

At  thematic  level,  the  envisaged  programme  will  cover  the  major  fields  of  action  which 
correspond  to  the  essential  facets  of  the  migratory  phenomenon,  in  particular  migration  and 
development;  economic  migration;  prevention  of  and  fight  against  illegal  immigration, 
including  migrants’  voluntary  return  and  reintegration;  and  international  protection.  Per  se, 
this  programme  will  not  finance  operations  designed  directly  to  address  the  root  causes  of 
migration  (conflicts,  poverty,  bad  governance,  etc.).  Indeed,  this  pertains  to  the  larger 
cooperation  programmes  currently  financed  under  the  geographical  instruments  and  in  the 
future,  under  the  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  Instrument  (ENPI)  and  Development 
Cooperation and Economic Cooperation Instrument (DCECI),  better suited for  this  purpose. 
Nevertheless, the actions financed on the basis of the programme will be consistent with the 
Community efforts to address the root causes of migration. The limited scope and the specific 
and  technical  nature  of  this  thematic  programme  makes  it  particularly  adapted  to  capacity 
building, notably also staff training. If the supply of equipment related to the activities carried 
out  under  this  programme  may  be  envisaged,  it  should  however  not  constitute  in  itself  the 
essence of the intervention.  

9 

Currently, any grant awarded through a call for proposals under the Aeneas programme fall between a 
minimum of € 500 000 and maximum of € 2 000 000; and the grant may not exceed 80% and may not 
be less than 50% of the total eligible costs of the action. 

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From a geographical point of view, no limitations should be defined a priori, all neighbouring 
and developing third countries covered by the ENPI and DCECI being eligible10. That being 
said, the subject of the thematic programme is primarily, although not exclusively, migration 
to  the  European  Union  (south/north  and  east/west).  In  this  connection,  the  regions  of 
emigration  and  transit  towards  the  European  Union  should  be  considered  in  the  first  place 
while appropriate attention may also be given to emerging regional or interregional initiatives 
related to migration as well as to the most relevant south/south migratory flows.  

Finally,  the  thematic  programme  should  also  provide  the  opportunity  to  finance  innovative 
actions,  selected  on  the  basis  of  their  intrinsic  qualities  and  regardless  of  the  geographical 
region subject to the scope defined above in which they will be implemented.  

The  respect  of  democratic  principles  and  the rule  of  law,  of  human  and  minority  rights  and 
fundamental  freedoms,  as  well  as  of  the  relevant  international  agreements  constitutes  an 
essential element to be taken into account in the implementation of the thematic programme. 
As far as possible, the actions financed under the thematic programme should be associated 
with  measures  aimed  at  strengthening  democracy,  human  rights,  core  labour  standards  and 
decent work, and the rule of law. Measuring progress in the promotion of these fundamental 
values is a key element of the needs and performance assessment prior to any further funding 
of identified actions. This approach would foster the third countries’ ownership of migration 
and asylum related issues.  

3.2. 

Strategic guidelines  

On the basis of the objective and scope described above, the thematic programme could cover 
the same orientations as the AENEAS Programme, although with adjustments made necessary 
by the policy developments since 2004. Among these policy developments, those referring to 
migration and development and to legal economic migration are probably destined to exert the 
more  innovative  effects.  This  goes  in  parallel  with  the  fact  that  until  recently  the  external 
dimension  of  the  migration  policy  has  been  prevalently  built  around  the  objective  of  better 
managing the migratory flows with a view to reducing the migratory pressure on the Union. 
Although this remains a valid goal, the additional challenge today lies in the development of 
policies  which  recognise  the  need  for  migrant  workers  to  make  our  economies  function  in 
those sectors where the EU is facing labour and skills shortages and, at the same time, which 
maximise both for the migrants and for their countries of origin the benefits triggered by the 
migration. This presupposes an approach which goes beyond the questions of border control 
and  fight  against  illegal  immigration,  to  incorporate  other  dimensions  of  the  migratory 
phenomenon, in particular development and employment.  

This implies that the future thematic programme would have the following five strands: 

– 

– 

– 

10 

Fostering the links between migration and development; 

Promoting well-managed labour migration;  

Fighting illegal immigration and facilitating the readmission of illegal immigrants; 

As  regards  pre-accession  countries  including  Western  Balkans,  cooperation  in  the  areas  of  migration 
and  asylum  will  continue  to  be  funded  under  the  Instrument  for  Pre-Accession  countries  (IPA)  as  an 
integral part of the national programmes. 

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– 

– 

Protecting migrants against exploitation and exclusion; 

Promoting asylum and international protection, including through regional protection 
programmes. 

3.2.1.  Fostering the links between migration and development  

Migration  is  an  intrinsic  part  of  development  and  it  is  generally  admitted  today  that  it  is 
necessary to move from a "more development for less migration" approach to one of "better 
managing migration for more development"11. In December 2002, the Commission presented 
a  Communication12  on  the  integration  of  migration  related  issues  in  EU  external  relations, 
which included a "migration and development" component. While recognising that the long-
term priority of the Community is to address the root causes of migration, it invited the Union 
to pay more attention to certain specific aspects of the migration and development nexus. The 
Council  endorsed  this  approach  and  invited  the  Commission  to  develop  it  further13.  As  a 
consequence,  the  Commission  issued  in  September  2005  a  second  Communication14 
identifying  some  concrete  orientations  likely  to  have  a  positive  impact  on  the  link  between 
migration and development. The thematic programme should support the implementation of 
the measures identified on this occasion, which include in particular:  

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Encouraging  the  contribution  of  diasporas  to  the  socio-economic  development  of 
their country of origin and increasing the value of migrants' return;  

Mitigating  brain  drain  and  promoting  brain  circulation,  including  through  adequate 
forms of temporary migration;  

Facilitating the financial transfers of migrant workers (remittances) to their country 
of origin, in particular by reducing the cost of these transfers and promoting their use 
for the purpose of development; 

Supporting  voluntary  return  and  professional  and  socio-economic  reintegration  of 
migrants in their country of origin, including through assistance with related public 
policies and social security schemes; 

Building capacities for better managing migration. 

3.2.2.  Promoting well-managed labour migration  

In  2003,  in  its  Communication  on  immigration,  integration  and  employment15,  and  in  line 
with the Lisbon agenda, the Commission demonstrated the need to take a proactive approach 
as regards legal immigration for the purpose of employment. Such an approach is necessary in 
order  for  the  Union  to  face  the  demographic,  social  and  economic  challenges  to  which  it  is 
confronted  more  and  more  acutely.  Immigration  is  not  the  sole  option  to  cope  with  these 
challenges  but,  at  least  in  the  short  and  mid-term,  it  can  contribute  to  reducing  their 
consequences while helping to meet the needs of the European Union labour markets.  

11 

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15 

Title  of  a  seminar  organised  in  2005  by  the  International  Centre  for  Migration  Policy  Development 
(ICMPD).  
COM(2002) 703. 
See on this subject the Council conclusions of May 2003 on migration and development.  
COM(2005) 390. 
COM(2003) 336. 

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At the beginning of 2005, the Commission issued a Green Paper on a Community approach 
for the management of economic migration16, which aimed at identifying the main challenges 
and  the  possible  options  for  setting  up  a  Community  legislative  framework  for  economic 
migration. The results of the public debate on this Green Paper have been fed into the Policy 
Plan on legal migration, adopted by the Commission on 21 December 200517. In this policy 
Plan, which contains a roadmap for a whole range of legislative and non-legislative measures, 
the Commission emphasises that the management of economic migration requires not only a 
clear and harmonised admission policy, but also dialogue and cooperation with third countries 
in  order  to  jointly  improve  the  management  of  international  labour  migration.  In  this 
connection, external relations and cooperation policies have a role to play, without prejudice 
to  the  principle  of  Community  preference,  as  it  is  clear  that  full  use  has  to  be  made  of  the 
labour resources available within the EU. In reference to this, the thematic programme could 
help to:  

– 

– 

– 

Disseminate information about the legal framework for migration and conditions of 
entry in and stay on the territory of the Union; 

Disseminate information about labour migration opportunities and needs in Member 
States and about qualifications of third countries candidates to migration; support to 
pre-departure  training  for  candidates  to  legal  migration  to  the  European  Union 
including  information  about  integration  in  Member  States  and  migrants’  rights  and 
obligations; 

Encourage  the  definition  and  implementation  of  legislative  frameworks  for  migrant 
workers in third countries.  

Taking  into  account  the  recent  Communications  on  migration  and  development  and  on 
EU/EC  Strategy  for  Action  on  the  Crisis  in  Human  Resources  for  Health  in  Developing 
Countries18,  the  orientations  proposed  in  the  second  and  third  indented  lines  of  this  section 
should  be  implemented  while  fully  taking  into  account  the  need  for  avoiding  “brain  drain”. 
Consequently,  attention  should  be  paid  to  declared  structural  or  temporary  needs  in  certain 
sectors/occupations/regions in third countries compounded by the “brain drain”. It would also 
require a comprehensive and coherent approach to ethical recruitment of workers. 

3.2.3.  Fighting illegal migration and facilitating the readmission of illegal immigrants 

Preventing the unauthorised entry of migrants remains essential. Consequently, the control of 
migration remains a strategic priority in the medium-term. This thematic programme should 
contribute  to  this  priority  by  supporting  co-operation  projects  with  third  countries,  in 
particular  coordination  between  institutions  in  charge  of  migration  management,  in  the 
following fields:  

– 

– 

16 
17 
18 

Fight against smuggling of and trafficking in human beings;  

Information  aiming  at  discouraging  illegal  immigration  and  at  raising  awareness 
about the risks related to it;  

COM(2004) 811. 
COM(2005) 669. 
COM(2005) 642. 

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– 

– 

– 

Prevention  and  fight  against  illegal  immigration  (including  through  improving 
capacities  in  the  areas  of  border;  visa  and  passport  management,  including  the 
security of documents and possibly the introduction of biometric data; and detection 
of forged documents);  

Implementation  of  readmission  agreements  concluded  with  the  Community, 
including  social  and  professional  reintegration  of  returnees  with  the  aim  of  making 
their return sustainable; 

Assisting third countries in the management of illegal immigration (assisting them in 
the  negotiation  and  implementation  of  their  own  readmission  agreements  or 
arrangements  with  other  third  counties,  which  may  include  ensuring  adequate 
humanitarian  conditions  in  centres  where  illegal  immigrants  are  accommodated 
before 
their  voluntary  return  and  sustainable 
their  repatriation,  supporting 
reintegration in their country of origin).  

In  that  context,  attention  must  be  given  to  the  respect  of  fundamental  freedoms  and  human 
rights, and specific criteria should be defined to ensure more effectively the respect of human 
rights and to benchmark the projects as regards their impact on human rights.  

3.2.4.  Protecting migrants against exploitation and exclusion 

Promoting in third countries, including through the capacity building of non state actors and 
the  training  of  key  stakeholders,  the  possibility  for  migrants  to  be  integrated  into  the  host 
societies and to be protected against mistreatment should be a priority for this programme as it 
was for AENEAS. Interventions could cover the following areas: 

– 

– 

– 

Developing third countries’ legislation in the field of legal immigration, in particular 
as regards admission rules, the rights and status of persons admitted, equal treatment 
of legal residents; 

Integration  and  non-discrimination  as  well  as  measures  to  protect  migrants  from 
racism  and  xenophobia,  including  awareness raising  among  migrants  on  their  basic 
rights and the appropriate channels of law enforcement in case of their infringement; 

Prevention of and fight against trafficking in human beings and any form of slavery.  

In  implementing  these  orientations,  due  consideration  should  be  given  to  the  protection  of 
migrants particularly exposed to the risks of mistreatment and exclusion, notably children and 
women.  Also  the  rights  of  migrants  to  decent  work  conditions  and  to  fair  treatment  in  the 
social and professional sphere should be taken into account.  

3.2.5.  Promoting asylum and international protection of refugees 

Asylum-related  issues  have  risen  in  priority  in  the  EU’s  external  relations  and  development 
cooperation with third countries confronted with the movement of refugees. At global level, 
the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention and the 1967 New York Protocol constitute the legal 
framework,  which  govern  the  international  protection  regime.  UNHCR’s  “Agenda  for 
Protection”  and  “Convention  Plus”  initiatives  aim  to  facilitate  the  resolution  of  refugee 
situations through special agreements between States, other partners and UNHCR; they focus 
in particular on resettlement, the targeting of development assistance and the management of 
secondary  movements  of  refugees  and  asylum  seekers.  The  EU  shares  UNHCR’s  view  that 

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solutions to refugee problems should be found first and foremost in regions of origin, which 
often host the largest refugee populations. These countries also often lack the institutional and 
financial capacity to address these challenges alone. The enhancement of capacities to offer 
effective  protection  and  durable  solutions  in  regions  of  origin  –  through  asylum  capacity-
building, local integration, repatriation and resettlement – is an objective that the Commission 
promotes  in  its  external  assistance.  This  is  also  reflected  in  the  EU  approach  to  the 
international protection regime, delivered through pilot Regional Protection Programmes (like 
for the Western NIS and Great Lakes region in Africa). 

One of the objectives of the AENEAS programme is to support these developments and the 
implementation  of  these  pilot  Regional  Protection  Programmes.  In  this  way,  the  thematic 
programme  should  continue  the  Community’s  support  for  durable  solutions  to  protracted 
refugee situations, and in particular to: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Strengthen 
international protection, and to develop national legal frameworks; 

institutional  capacities 

third  countries’ 

to  provide  asylum  and 

Support the registration of asylum applicants and refugees; 

Promote international standards and instruments on the protection of refugees; 

Support  for 
local 
reintegration of returnees and resettlement programmes. 

improving  reception  conditions, 

integration, 

the  durable 

While the situation for refugees is very different from that of economic migrants, many of the 
initiatives  to  be  developed  under  the  other  strands  of  this  programme  –  for  example, 
encouraging the contributions of diasporas, facilitating the transfer of remittances, protection 
against discrimination, etc. – should also benefit refugees. 

3.3. 

Programming and implementation principles 

This thematic programme will be subject to multiannual programming by the Commission in 
parallel  and  in  coherence  with  the  programming  of  assistance  through  the  geographic 
programmes. The multiannual programming will take the form of a Thematic Strategy Paper 
and a multiannual indicative programme. The first Thematic Strategy Paper and multiannual 
indicative programme will be established for the period 2007-2010; the second, for the period 
2011-2013. 

On the basis of the Thematic Strategy Paper and the multiannual indicative programme, the 
Commission will produce each year an annual work programme, setting the priority actions to 
be  supported,  specifying  geographic  and  thematic  areas,  the  specific  objectives,  anticipated 
results  and  indicative  amounts.  In  the  establishment  of  the  annual  work  programme,  the 
Commission  may  consider  possible  new  priorities  and  developments  not  foreseen  in  the 
multiannual  indicative  programme.  This  annual  work  programme  will  be  implemented 
through  all  appropriate  means,  in  compliance  with  the  applicable  financial  and  contractual 
rules,  with  a  certain  margin  of  flexibility  to  respond  timely  and  effectively  to  rapidly-
changing environments and new migration trends and priorities.  

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Furthermore,  in  the  event  of  serious  unforeseen  or  serious  urgent  needs19  or  circumstances, 
the Commission may adopt special measures not provided for in the thematic strategy paper 
or in the multiannual indicative programme in accordance with the relevant provisions of the 
Regulations setting up the ENPI and DCECI. 

Potential  response  to  crisis  situations  should  primarily  be  considered  in  the  context  of  the 
Stability Instrument. 

The  Commission  will  be  assisted  by  a  Committee,  in  accordance  with  a  procedure  to  be 
defined by the relevant legal acts. 

The list of partners eligible for financial support under the thematic programme should be as 
broad  as  possible  and  include  federal,  national,  provincial  and  local  governments,  their 
departments  and  agencies,  municipalities,  regional  and  international  organisations  and 
agencies,  as  well  as  non-governmental  organisations  or  other  non-State  actors,  research 
institutes, associations, social partners and public and private operators, both in the European 
Union  and  in  the  third  countries,  with  the  emphasis  being  placed  on  partnership  between 
them. 

The Commission intends to involve third countries in the actions financed from the thematic 
programme  in  order  to  develop  their  ownership.  For  this  purpose,  via  appropriate  channels 
(delegations,  joint  committees,  meetings,  regular  exchange  in  the  framework  of  bilateral 
cooperation agreements, etc.), third countries will be informed of the calls for proposals and 
actions  programmed  and  implemented.  While  the  formal  agreement  and  ownership  of  third 
countries  should  be  sought,  the  thematic  programme  will  give  the  Community  a  certain 
autonomy and flexibility vis-à-vis governments of beneficiary countries: the Commission will 
be  free  to  fund  actions  through  NGO’s  and  other  actors  of  the  civil  society  without 
government’s agreement, in cases where cooperation is restricted or in situations of difficult 
partnership. 

An external evaluation of the operations during the first three-year period (2007-2009) will be 
carried out to provide input to the preparation for the second Thematic Strategy Paper (2011-
2013)  To  the  extent  possible,  this  evaluation  should  assess  the  combined  effects  of  the 
migration  management  measures  and  those  measures  and  actions  related  to  improving  the 
impact  of  migration  on  development,  to  promoting  well  managed  labour  migration  and  to 
improving  international  protection.  The  opinion  of  the  partners  which  implement  projects 
funded  by  the  thematic  programme  should  be  taken  into  account  in  the  context  of  this 
evaluation.  The  evaluation  report  will  be  transmitted  to  and  discussed  with  the  Council  and 
the European Parliament. 

19 

See also Conclusions of the Presidency, Brussels European Council, 15 and 16 December 2005, Annex 
I – Global Approach to Migration. 

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ANNEX I 

Projects selected for co-financing by the European Commission under the 2004 budget 
for the AENEAS Programme 

(financial and technical assistance to third countries in the areas of migration and 
asylum) 

Applicant 

Project Title 

Location 

Actions and objectives 

EC 
contributio
n 

Espagne et Maroc  

1.999.999,00 € Le projet a pour but de résoudre les problèmes 

Direccion 
General 
d'immigration de 
la Coopération 
pour le 
Developpement et 
du Volontariat de 
la Communauté 
de Madrid 
UNHCR 

ERA 

Ministry of 
Interior, Public 
Administration 
and 
Decentralisation 
of the Hellenic 
Republic  

Accompagnement à 
l'amélioration des 
conditions d'accueil et de 
protection des mineurs de 
14 ans regroupés en 
provenance du territoire de 
la Communauté de Madrid 

Building an Asylum 
structure in Serbia and 
Montenegro 
Training Action for the 
Balkans , Three intensive 
seminars on Asylum and 
International Protection for 
120 civil servants 
Building on Mechanism to 
effectively and sustainably 
implement readmission 
agreements between 
Albania, the EC and third 
countries 

Serbia et 
Montenegro 

Balkans 

Albanie et Greece 

Ministry of Interior Italy Across Sahara 

Italy, Libya and 
Niger 

qu´éprouvent des mineurs de moins de 14 ans d´origine 
marocaine, qui se trouvent tout seuls, non accompagnés 
et en situation irrégulière dans la région de Madrid. Il 
propose de mettre en place un mécanisme qui 
garantisse leur protection depuis leur identification et 
facilite de façon efficace et effective leur retour auprès 
de leur famille dans leur milieu et pays d´origine. 

698.005,92 € to assist Serbia and Montenegro in developing the 

asylum structure. 

512.617,00 € Three seminars, one week each, will first and foremost 
give a general overview of all the issues related to the 
migration and asylum, in particular: legal migration; 
dialogue on migratory flows; readmission and 
reintegration of the returnees; illegal immigration. 

1.454.768,00 € The main set of activities will be: capacity building of 
return and readmission entities in Albania; cooperative 
approaches to information exchange between 
administrations in the implementation of readmission 
agreements; building mechanisms of return to and from 
Albania including improving the identification of 
illegal immigrants bound for readmission and the re-
integration of returnees. 

1.567.158,27 € enhancing cooperation between Libya and Niger in 
border control and fight against illegal migration, to 
organise their structures and to consider revision of 
legislation; training of trainers/officers of staff 
employed in specific sectors of interest  

IOM  

IOM 

IOM 

Enhanced Capacity building 
in Migration Management 
to Support Effective Return 
and Sustainable 
reintegration of refugees in 
Sri Lanka 
Programme de renforcement 
et de soutien au Dialogue et 
a la gestion des migrations 
irrégulières et de Transit au 
Maghreb en provenance de 
l'Afrique de l'Ouest 

An integrated approach to 
promoting legal migration 
through national capacity 
building 

Sri Lnaka 

1.873.464,00 €  To enhance the capacity of the Government of Sri 

Lanka to manage migration with a particular focus on 
return migration. 
To enhance measures to assist in the sustainable 
reintegration of returning migrants 

EU, Maghreb, 
Afrique Sub-
Saharien 

1.561.245,56 € Renforcement du dialogue et des mécanismes de suivi 

et de coordination  
Coopération technique en matière de renforcement des 
capacités institutionnelles des pays de transit et 
d’origine  
Campagnes d’information auprès des migrants 
potentiels au sein des pays émetteurs 

South Caucasus 

777.397,00 € to prevent illegal immigration, facilitate discussions on 

conclusion of bilateral readmission agreements based 
on the EU-standard, enable improved reintegration, and 
promote legal migration within each South Caucasus 
country and bilaterally with targeted receiving EU 
member states through dialogue and capacity building. 

524.058,00 € Strengthening Protection and Durable Solutions for 
Asylum-Seekers and Refugees in Egypt 

UNHCR 

Strengthening protection 
and durable solutions for 
asylum seekers and refugees 
in Egypt 

Egypt 

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Comune di Roma  W.A.R.M. 

Albania 

1.215.196,00 € Reintegration of Albanian returnees through their 

UNHCR 

The cross border 
cooperation process 

Belarus , Moldova, 
Ukraine 

countries of the 
Mekong region 
China Korea Japan 
and South Asia 
countries 
Libya 

Asia 

ILO 

ILO/UNIFEM/EC Asian 
Programme of the 
Governance of Labour 
Migration 

IOM 

TRIM 

IOM 

CISP - Comitato 
Internazioanale 
per lo Sviluppo 
dei popoli 

Regional Dialogue and 
Program on facilitating 
managed and legal 
migration between Asia and 
the EU 
Projet réseau 
Afrique/Migration 

1.307.898,40 €  develop a coordinating mechanism to effectively  

respond to asylum, migration and border  
management challenges in Belarus, Moldova and  
Ukraine, and in the region at large in close  
cooperation with Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,  
Lithuania Poland, Romania, Slovakia. 
1.955.335,00 € contribute to the promotion of rights and gender-based 

governance of labour migration and the protection of 
Asian migrant workers from exploitative and abusive 
treatment 

2.000.000,00 € the Action will strengthen Libya's capacities to address 

illegal transit immigration in a humane and orderly 
manner 

848.583,00 € develop legal migration and enhance regional dialogue 
and cooperation in facilitating managed migration from 
Asia to the EU 

Maghreb et Libye 

1.307.131,00 € Le projet vise à renforcer l’engagement opérationnel et 

la collaboration régionale des acteurs de la société 
civile en matière de gestion des flux migratoires, en 
particulier l’immigration illégale et le trafic des êtres 
humains, par la mise en place et la livraison d’un 
ensemble de services en faveur des immigrés illégaux, 
par la croissance de la perception et des informations 
de l’opinion publique et des autorités locales 
maghrébines sur la réalité de la migration et, enfin, par 
le renforcement et l’élargissement du réseau Afrique 
Migration. 

insertion on labour market and through micro-
enterprises creation. 

Libie et Maghreb 

535.598,00 €  Enhancing civil society participation in human rights 
management of migration and asylum in the Southern 
Mediterranean and Middle East 

Maroc Espagne 

1.196.000,00 € Gestion intégrale de l´immigration saisonnière de 

travailleurs marocains vers un groupe de municipalités 
agricoles espagnoles.  

Maroc Mauritanie 

2.000.000,00 € Establish and develop Maghreb- Sub Saharan African 

relations and dialogue on migration questions.  

Euro- 
Mediterranean 
Human Rights 
Network -
EMHRN 
Mairie de Cartaya  Programme de gestion 

Enhancing civil society 
participation in human 
rights management of 
migration 

integral de l'immigration 
seasonniere 
Project Seahorse 

Guardia Civil 
Ministry of 
Interior 
MLAL - 
Progettomondo 

World Bank 

Croatian Law 
Centre 

 European 
Council on 
Refugees ,and 
Exiles - ECRE 

Institut 
Universitaire 
Europeén 

COOPI - 
Cooperazione 
Internazionale 

Promotion d'une migration 
responsable 

Maroc 

International migration from 
Middles East and North 
Africa 

Middle East and 
North Africa 

Protection of Asylum 
seekers in the Republic of 
Croatia and Region 
The protection of refugees 
asylum seekers and forced 
migrants 

Croatia and region 

Belarius, Moldova, 
Russia, Ukraine 

Action collective dee 
soutien à la réintégration 
des migrants de retour dans 
leur pays d'origine 

Algerie Maroc 
Tunisie 

868.214,40 € Promouvoir une migration responsable dans la région 

de Tadla Azilal en encourageant la conscientisation des 
jeunes sur les risques de l’émigration clandestine. 

733.570,00 € identify and support the implementation of projects, 

policies, regional arrangements, and institutional 
reforms that will maximise the benefits of international 
migration flows and reduce their costs 
1.000.000,00 € Strengthening the protection in CRO and region (BH, 

SMN) by developing asylum system consistent with 
international standards.  

529.705,00 € Improve the implementation in Belarus, Molodva, 

Ukraine and European Russia of national and 
international refugee and human rights instruments – 
leading to increased security and protection for 
refugees. 

1.076.000,00 € soutenir la réintégration durable des personnes en 

retour en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie (Construction 
d’une base de données sur les personnes en retour, 
production de rapports sur le retour et la réintégration, 
rencontres sur le thème de la réintégration, présentation 
de propositions  

ALBAMAR 

Albanie et Maroc 

1.334.572,00 € definition and implementation of an integrated support 

to Moroccan and Albanian migrants forcedly or 
voluntarily repatriated from Italy that  
are highly exposed to the risks of illegal migration and 
criminal activities 

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VASA PRAVA - 
BiH 

Strengthening the protection 
of asylum seekers 

BiH 

2005/2006 
MIGRAMACAO 

Macao , China 

Cabinet of 
Secretary for 
Security of the 
Macao Special 
Administrative 
Region 

616.562,98 € ensuring a maximum protection and access to justice 

for asylum seekers, recognized refugees and other  
categories of persons under international protection in 
BiH, and victims of human trafficking, ensuring 
the full access to their rights via the provision of free 
legal aid and information campaigns 
500.904,80 € The aim of the MIGRAMACAU action is to ensure 
entities of Macao more effective management in all 
aspects of migration flows, including the prevention 
and combating of illegal immigration and trafficking in 
human beings through the cooperation with regional 
countries and the coordination with the EC 

29.993.983,33 €

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ANNEX II 

AENEAS ANNUAL WORKPROGRAMME 2005 

Regions 

Regions and 
countries 

Areas 

Article 

Objectives 

Types of activities (indicative) 

All regions 

Countries concerned 
by readmission 
negotiations 

 Readmission 

Art. 2 § 1 e 

Support implementation 
of readmission 
agreement with the EC, 
once initialled, signed or 
concluded. 

Develop the exchange of information 
between the administrations concerned, 
improve the identification and the 
documentation of returnees, improve the 
infrastructure of reception and develop 
capacity of reception of non-national 
returnees before transfer to their country 
of origin. 

AWP 

Indicative 
amounts 
(million €) 

3.35 

2005 

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North Africa 

Countries of the 
region to be 
determined 

Art. 2 § 1 c & 
d 

Management of 
Migration+ 
Asylum and 
International 
Protection+ Fight 
against illegal 
migration  

3,0 

2005 

1. Improve conditions of 
reception of refugees in 
the region.  
2. Improve international 
protection, complying 
with international 
conventions and 
reinforce legal structures 
in the regions. Promote 
regional cooperation in 
the field of management 
of migration flows, 
especially transit 
migration, illegal 
migration and trafficking 
in human beings. 

1. Improvement of the conditions of 
reception and of the capacity of 
registration and of documentation of 
asylum seekers and refugees as well as of 
integration in the host country.  
2. Development of a regional dialogue on 
asylum and strengthening of the 
legislative capacities and of the expertise 
available in the region.  
3. Development of exchange of expertise 
and advice with the EU. 
4. Development of the training of the 
administrations concerned. Development 
of the transnational coordination of the 
central services for fight against illegal 
immigration in view of encouraging 
coordination, dialogue, exchange of 
experience and information between the 
specialised services of the national 
administrations.  
5. Development and setting up of a 
protocol defining short and medium term 
immediate responsibility for the victims 
of shipwreck and clandestine passage. 
Setting-up of an entity for legal assistance 
and support to the investigators allowing 
to reconcile the humanitarian 
responsibility and the research of the 
authors of the most serious offences of 

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trafficking of the human beings'. 
6. Development of a network of liaison 
officers for harbour and airport control of 
migration in order to improve the fight 
against illegal migration. 

Eastern Europe, 
Southern 
Caucasus and 
Central Asia 

All the countries of 
the region and Russia 
in particular 

Legal migration   Art. 2 § 1 a & 

b 

1. Improve the protection 
and the treatment of 
migrants.  
2. Improve the policies 
related to the 
management of 
immigration for labour 
purposes 

1. Development of the training of staff 
and exchange of information and 
experience, creation of a network for 
information concerning migration for 
economic purposes.  
2. Support of actions for fight against 
racism and xenophobia towards migrants. 
3. Capacity building of regional and 
national authorities in order to evaluate 

3,0 

2005 

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the needs and perspectives for foreign 
workforce and putting in place of 
appropriate strategies and pilot projects.  

Support initiatives in view of using 
remittances for productive goals. 

2,0 

2005 

2,0 

2005 

5,0 

2005 

Improvement of the conditions of 
reception and of the capacity of 
registration and of documentation of their 
asylum seekers and refugees as well as of 
integration in the host country.  

1. Promotion of cooperation and of 
information exchange at the regional 
level, management of transit migration 
and fight against false documents. 
2. Development of the capacities to 
persecute traffickers and of protection and 
reintegration of victims. 
3.Development of information and 
awareness-raising of candidates for 

Eastern Europe, 
Southern 
Caucasus and 
Central Asia 

Moldova, Belarus, 
Armenia, Georgia, 
Azerbaijan, 
Tajikistan  

Legal Migration  Art. 2 § 1 a & 

b 

Facilitate the use of 
remittances in favour of 
the macroeconomic 
development of the 
countries concerned. 

Eastern Europe, 
Southern 
Caucasus and 
Central Asia 

Russia, Ukraine, 
Moldova and Belarus 

Asylum and 
international 
protection.  

Art. 2. § 1 c 

Improve international 
protection  

Eastern Europe, 
Southern 
Caucasus and 
Central Asia 

All the countries of 
the region of Eastern 
Europe, Southern 
Caucasus and Central 
Asia 

Fight against 
illegal migration 

Art. 2 § 1 d 

Fight against trafficking 
and smuggling of human 
beings  

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migration. 
4. Staff training for detection of false 
documents. 

Balkans 

Region as a whole  Management of 

Art. 2 § 1 

Migration 

Support the development 
of national policies 
according to a unified 
approach in the fields of 
migration and asylum 
and visa 

Improve the management capacity of the 
institutions involved in the fields of 
asylum, migration and visa. 

4,0 

2005 

Turkey 

Turkey 

Asylum and 
international 
protection.  

Art. 2 § 1 c  Reinforce asylum 

systems 

Turkey 

Turkey 

Fight against 
illegal migration 

Art. 2 § 1 d 

Increase the fight against 
illegal migration 

Improve the necessary reception 
conditions and the capacity in the field of 
registration and documentation of asylum 
seekers and refugees as well as their 
integration in the host country. 

1,0 

2005 

Contribute to the implementation of the 
action plan for fight against illegal 
immigration 

1,0 

2005 

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Asia 

China 

Fight against 
illegal migration 

Art. 2 § 1 d  

Improve the cooperation 
EU/RPC in the field of 
the fight against illegal 
migration and smuggling 
of human beings. 

Development of exchange of information, 
of cooperation and recognition of 
respective knowledge of systems between 
administrations of the RPC and the EU, 
especially in the field of return, false 
documents and biometrics. 

4,0 

2005 

Latin America  Region as a whole 

Legal Migration  Art. 2 § 1 a & 

(and in particular the 
countries of the 
Andean Community 
Argentina and 
Uruguay). 

b 

Support the development 
of the interregional 
dialogue EU/LAC 

1. Promote a more efficient use of 
remittances in the macro-economic 
development of the country.  
2. Establish and/or develop systems for 
data collection and treatment in the field 
of migration flows. 

3,0 

2005 

Sub-Saharan 
Africa 

All the countries of 
the region. 

Migration and 
development + 
Legal Migration 

Art. 2 § 1 a & 
b & d  

5,0 

2005 

 Support improvement of 
laws, policies and 
management structures 
in the field of migration 
especially through 
actions of regional 
character. 

1. Reinforce the link between migration 
and development (notably by improving 
transfer systems for remittances, 
enhancing the role of diasporas, limiting 
'brain drain', favouring "brain circulation" 
and starting experiences at intra-regional 
level). 
2. Facilitation and circulation of legal 
migrants. 
3. Fight against smuggling of human 
beings and illegal immigration. 
4. Develop the capacity of authorities and 
responsible organisations to collect and 

EN 

23 
EN 

 
 
 
analyse data on migrants and to manage 
the questions related to migration. 

Sub-Saharan 
Africa 

Countries receiving 
important quantities 
of refugees (with a 
priority for Tanzania) 

Asylum and 
International 
Protection 

Art. 2. § 1 c  Develop sustainable 
solutions in favour of 
refugees 

4,0 

Reinforce the capacity of protection in the 
host regions especially in order to 1) 
support the management capacity of the 
national authorities 2) develop registration 
and documentation systems for refugees 
et 3) tackle the problems concerning their 
integration in the host regions 

2005 

40,350,000 

EN 

24 
EN