Council opinion of  24 January 2006  on the updated convergence programme of Denmark, 2005-2010
Date: 2006-01-24
Institutions: Council of the European Union
Subjects: Denmark, stability programme

7.3.2006

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 55/9

COUNCIL OPINION

of 24 January 2006

on the updated convergence programme of Denmark, 2005-2010

(2006/C 55/03)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97 of 7 July 1997 on the strengthening of the surveil-
lance of budgetary positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies (1), and in particu-
lar Article 9(3) thereof,

Having regard to the recommendation of the Commission,

After consulting the Economic and Financial Committee,

HAS DELIVERED THIS OPINION:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

On 24 January 2006 the Council examined the updated convergence programme of Denmark,
which covers the period 2005 to 2010.

Over the last decade, GDP growth has averaged some 2 per cent, while inflation has broadly
followed euro area inflation. Employment growth has picked up in recent years and unemployment
is close to its lowest
in the last decade. The macroeconomic scenario underlying the
programme envisages real GDP growth of 2,4 % in 2006 and 1,6 % on average over the rest of the
programme period. Assessed against currently available information, this scenario appears to be
cautious,
in particular regarding the technically-assumed growth rates for 2007 and 2008. The
programme's projections for inflation appear realistic.

level

On 17 February 2005, in its opinion the Council endorsed the budgetary strategy presented in the
2004 update of the convergence programme of Denmark. Regarding the 2005 budgetary implemen-
tation, the 2004 update targeted a 2,2 % of GDP general government surplus for 2005 while the
current update forecast a 3,6 % surplus for a similar GDP growth outlook. Revenues have come in
better than expected, including revenues from the pension fund yield tax as well as from oil and gas
exploitation.

The programme broadly follows the model structure and data requirements for stability and conver-
gence programmes specified in the new code of conduct (2).

The budgetary strategy aims at maintaining structural surpluses between 1,5 % and 2,5 % on
average over the programme period, implying a marked reduction in the general government debt
ratio, in order to provide a sound basis for the ageing of the population. The strategy is based on
expenditure restraint, with the objective of keeping the annual growth of real public consumption at
0,5 %, and maintenance of the tax freeze and of a balanced budget requirement for local govern-
ments. The update foresees the general government surplus to narrow from 3,6 % of GDP in 2005
to 3,1 % in 2006 and 3,2 % in 2007, then declining slightly to reach 2,9 % of GDP at the end of the
programme period. The estimated general government surpluses in the present update are markedly
higher than in the previous update while projected GDP growth is similar.

(1) OJ L 209, 2.8.1997, p. 1. Regulation as amended by Regulation (EC) No 1055/2005 (OJ L 174, 7.7.2005, p. 1). The

documents referred to in this text can be found at the following website:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/about/activities/sgp/main_en.htm

(2) The programme has gaps in the compulsory data and does not provide all optional data prescribed by the new code

of conduct (especially projected world and EU GDP growth for certain years are missing).

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Official Journal of the European Union

7.3.2006

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

As its MTO, the programme targets a structural balance (taking into account the use of the transi-
tion period of the Eurostat decision mentioned above) of between 1,5 % and 2,5 % of GDP over the
programme period. In structural terms (i.e. in cyclically-adjusted terms net of one-off and other
temporary measures), the surplus falls from a peak of 3,6 % of GDP in 2005 to around 2,75 % of
GDP in 2006 before firming to 3,25 % of GDP thereafter. However, the calculated easing in 2006
by 0,8 percentage point of GDP reflects a normalisation of expected tax receipts from pension
funds, which were exceptionally high in 2005. Corrected for the temporary higher revenues in
2005 the structural surplus is broadly unchanged from 2005 to 2006.

As the MTO is more demanding than the minimum benchmark (estimated at a deficit of about
0,5 % of GDP), its achievement should fulfil the aim of providing a safety margin against the occur-
rence of an excessive deficit. As regards appropriateness, the programme's MTO lies within the
range indicated for euro area and ERM II Member States in the Stability and Growth Pact and the
code of conduct and is significantly more demanding than implied by the debt ratio and average
potential output growth in the long term. The programme explains that it is set at a more
demanding level than required by the Pact to set a sound basis for long-term fiscal sustainability
through a rapid debt reduction.

On balance, the risks to the budgetary projections in the update appear to be on the positive side, in
particular as GDP growth may be higher than expected, mainly due to the technically-assumed low
GDP growth in 2007 and 2008 stemming from a gradual closing of the output gap as estimated by
the Danish authorities. Hence, GDP growth and the budgetary outcome in these years could be
better than projected in the programme. A negative risk is the compliance with the target of limiting
the growth of real public consumption, against the background of a mixed track record in this
regard.

In view of this risk assessment, the budgetary stance in the programme seems sufficient to maintain
the programme's MTO throughout the programme period. In addition, it provides a sufficient safety
margin against breaching the 3 % of GDP deficit threshold with normal macroeconomic fluctuations
in each year. The fiscal policy stance implied by the programme is also in line with the Stability and
Growth Pact in the sense that it is not pro-cyclical in good economic times — appropriate account
taken of the exceptionally high revenues from pension yield tax and oil and gas extraction that
boost the estimated surplus for 2005 — which is important given the cyclical position of the
Danish economy. The reclassification of second-pillar funded pension schemes from spring 2007
(when the transition period for the implementation of the Eurostat decision of 2 March 2004 on the
matter expires) will reduce the Danish surpluses by around 1 % of GDP in each year but would not
materially alter this assessment.

(10)

The debt ratio is estimated to have reached 36 % of GDP in 2005, well below the 60 % of GDP
Treaty reference value. The programme projects the debt ratio to decline by around 14 percentage
points over the programme period.

(11) With regard to the sustainability of public finances, Denmark appears to be at low risk on grounds
of the projected budgetary costs of an ageing population, due to its solid public finances and
provided that the assumed employment increases and low government consumption growth are
achieved, which requires further labour market reforms and spending restraint. The strategy of
putting sustainability concerns at the heart of fiscal policy making, including containing pension
expenditure and involving accumulation of assets, contributes positively to the long-term outlook
for public finances. The currently favourable budgetary position contributes to the financing of the
projected budgetary impact of an ageing population and the medium-term budgetary plans are
consistent with sustainable public finances (1).

(1) Details on long-term sustainability are provided in the technical assessment of the programme by the Commission

services, to be published at the website:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/about/activities/sgp/main_en.htm

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Official Journal of the European Union

C 55/11

(12)

(13)

The envisaged measures in the area of public finances are broadly consistent with the broad
economic policy guidelines, included in the integrated guidelines for the period 2005-2010. In par-
ticular, Denmark respects its MTO. However, new measures have not been specified to achieve the
assumed increase in employment of close to 2 % of the labour force by 2010.

The National Reform Programme of Denmark, submitted on 26 October 2005 within the context of
the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs, puts emphasis on improving labour supply to
ensure the long-term sustainability of public finances and improving the efficiency of the public
sector. The budgetary implications of the actions outlined in the National Reform Programme are
fully reflected in the budgetary projections of the convergence programme. The measures in the area
of public finances envisaged in the convergence programme are in line with the actions foreseen in
the National Reform Programme.

The Council is of the opinion, that, overall, the budgetary position is sound and the budgetary strategy
provides a good example of fiscal policies conducted in compliance with the pact.

Comparison of key macroeconomic and budgetary projections (1)

Real GDP
(% change)

HICP inflation
(%)

CP Nov 2005

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004

CP Nov 2005

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2010

2,0

2,1

2,2

0,9

0,9

1,2

2,4

2,7

2,5

1,6

1,7

1,7

2,4

2,3

1,3

2,0

2,0

1,6

1,1

2,1

1,9

1,3

1,9

1,7

1,6

2,1

n.a.

n.a.

1,8

1,9

1,8

1,8

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

1,6

Output gap
(% of potential GDP)

CP Nov 2005 (2)

– 0,8

– 0,3

0,1

– 0,7

– 0,9

– 0,6

COM Nov 2005 (6)

– 1,3

– 0,6

– 0,4

– 0,4

n.a.

n.a.

CP Nov 2004 (2)

– 0,6

– 0,1

– 0,5

– 0,4

n.a.

– 0,4

General government
balance
(% of GDP)

Primary balance
(% of GDP)

Cyclically-adjusted
balance
(% of GDP)

CP Nov 2005

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004

CP Nov 2005

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004

CP Nov 2005 (2)

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004 (2)

2,3

2,9

1,4

4,7

5,3

4,5

2,8

3,8

1,7

3,6

3,7

2,2

5,6

5,8

4,8

3,8

4,1

2,0

3,1

3,0

1,8

4,7

4,9

4,5

3,0

3,3

2,0

3,2

2,7

1,9

4,1

4,4

4,6

3,6

3,0

2,0

2,7

2,9

n.a.

n.a.

2,2

3,5

2,2

3,7

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

3,3

4,4

3,3

n.a.

n.a.

n.a

2,3

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Structural balance (3)
(% of GDP)

Government gross debt
(% of GDP)

CP Nov 2005 (4)

COM Nov 2005 (5)

CP Nov 2004

CP Nov 2005

COM Nov 2005

CP Nov 2004

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2010

2,6

3,6

n.a.

42,3

43,2

42,3

3,6

3,9

n.a.

35,6

36,0

39,4

2,7

3,0

n.a.

31,7

33,0

37,4

3,3

2,7

n.a.

28,9

31,5

35,3

3,3

n.a.

n.a.

26,5

n.a.

33,1

3,3

n.a.

n.a.

21,5

n.a.

28,8

Notes:
(1) The budgetary projections exclude the impact of the Eurostat decision of 2 March 2004 on the classification of funded pension
schemes, which needs to be implemented by the time of the spring 2007 notification. Including this impact, the general government
balance would be 1,3 % of GDP in 2004, 2,7 % in 2005, 2,1 % in 2006, 2,2 % in 2007, 1,7 % in 2008 and 1,9 % in 2009, while
government gross debt would be 43,5 % of GDP in 2004, 36,8 % in 2005, 32,9 % in 2006, 30,1 % in 2007, 27,7 % in 2008 and
22,7 % in 2010.

(2) Commission services calculations on the basis of the information in the programme.
(3) Cyclically-adjusted balance (as in the previous rows) excluding one-off and other temporary measures.
(4) One-off and other temporary measures taken from the programme (0,2 % of GDP in 2004 and 2005 and 0,3 % in 2006 and 2007;

all deficit-reducing).

(5) One-off and other temporary measures taken from the Commission services' autumn 2005 forecast (0,2 % of GDP in 2004 and 2005

and 0,3 % in 2006 and 2007; all deficit-reducing).

(6) Based on estimated potential growth of 1,9 %, 2,1 %, 2,1 % and 2,1 % respectively in the period 2004-2007.

Source:
Convergence programme (CP); Commission services' autumn 2005 economic forecasts (COM); Commission services' calculations