EU plan on best practices, standards and procedures for combating and preventing trafficking in human beings
Date: 2005-12-09
Institutions: Council of the European Union
Subjects: EU policy, cooperation policy, exchange of information, help for victims, human rights, judicial cooperation, police cooperation, trafficking in human beings

9.12.2005

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 311/1

I

(Information)

COUNCIL

EU plan on best practices, standards and procedures for combating and preventing trafficking in
human beings

(2005/C 311/01)

1. Section 1.7.1 of

the Hague Programme required the
Commission and the Council to develop in 2005 a plan
with a view to the development of common standards, best
practices and mechanisms to prevent and combat trafficking
in human beings.

Broad principles to guide the implementation of the
action plan

Such a plan should aim at strengthening the commitment of
the EU, and the Member States to prevent and fight traf-
ficking in human beings, committed for the purpose of all
forms of exploitation and to the protection, support and
rehabilitation of its victims. It should be based on the recog-
nition that in order to address effectively human trafficking
an integrated approach is needed, having as its basis the
respect of human rights and taking into account its global
for a coordinated policy
nature. This approach calls
response notably in the area of
freedom, security and
justice, external relations, development cooperation, social
affairs and employment, gender equality and non-discrimi-
nation; it should also benefit from a broad public — private
dialogue. The attached table of actions has been drafted in
the spirit of these considerations.

It will be reviewed, revised and updated regularly. The
implementation of the table of actions will be guided by the
following broad principles and will be regularly reviewed
and updated. The broad principles (…) can also be regularly
examined to ensure they still accurately reflect the position
of Member States as they take forward the implementation
of the action plan.

standing of the scale and nature of trafficking in human
beings, including the root causes in countries of origin as
well as factors in countries of destination facilitating
human trafficking and related forms of exploitation, the
specific groups, victims and perpetrators involved and
the links to other crime types. This is fundamental to
designing a strategy to prevent and combat trafficking.
Practical experience and research findings should be
widely shared as appropriate throughout the EU. In so
far as is possible, Member States and the Commission
should take forward an evidence-based approach to traf-
ficking in human beings with third countries and with
international organisations.

3. The EU recognises the importance of

taking forward a

human rights and victims-centred approach.

(i) It is indispensable that EU Member States ensure that
the human rights of victims of trafficking are protected
fully at all stages in the process.

(ii) Member States should ensure that appropriate referral
mechanisms are in place, as necessary and in line with
national practice and law, to enable the early identifica-
tion and referral of trafficked persons. Member States
in line with national tradi-
should work to develop,
tions, circumstances and practice,
an appropriate
governmental coordination structure to coordinate and
evaluate national policies and ensure appropriate hand-
ling of individuals.

2. EU action should be focused on improving our collective
understanding of the issues and joining up our efforts to
maximise our effectiveness.

(i) Action at EU level requires permanent improvement of
the Member States' and Commission's collective under-

(iii) Member States and the Commission should actively
reinforcing the
pursue policies
criminalization of
human trafficking including the protection of
(…)
potential victims at national, regional, EU and at a
wider international level. This should include, as appro-
priate and where relevant, prevention strategies specific
to vulnerable groups such as women and children.

C 311/2

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Official Journal of the European Union

9.12.2005

(iv) Member States and the Commission should strengthen
political dialogue with third countries bilaterally and
multilaterally on the human rights dimensions of anti-
trafficking policies and continue to raise the issue in
relevant regional and multi-lateral fora.

possible, the Council
in close cooperation with the
Commission as appropriate should promote regular
monitoring on the basis of clear and measurable
criteria.

a

(v) Member States and the Commission should ensure that
EU anti-trafficking policy reflects
child rights
approach based on globally recognised principles,
respecting in particular the principles laid down in the
UN Convention of the Rights of the Child and taking
account of the Council of Europe Action Programme
on Children and Violence (2006 — 2008). Such
approach must consequently apply to any person
below the age of 18.

(vi) EU institutions and Member States should promote
gender specific prevention strategies as a key element
to combat trafficking in women and girls. This includes
implementing gender equality principles and elimi-
nating the demand for all
forms of exploitation,
including sexual exploitation and domestic labour
exploitation.

(vii) Member States should, where necessary, speed up the
transposition of Directive 2004/81/EC and take into
consideration legally binding instruments, political
commitments and other relevant documents,
in par-
ticular
the recently concluded Council of Europe
Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human
Beings when developing national strategies.

4. The EU should strengthen its operational response to traf-

ficking in human beings.

(i) Enhancing operational

a
priority in strengthening EU activities in combating
trafficking in human beings.

cooperation should be

(ii) Human trafficking is a serious crime against persons,
which must be addressed as a clear law enforcement
priority. Human trafficking has to be converted from a
‘low risk — high reward enterprise for organised
crime’ into a high risk — low reward one. Law enfor-
cement must use all the resources and capacity avail-
able to enforce the prohibition of human trafficking,
to deprive it of any economic advantage and, where
financial gain has been made, to seize and confiscate
any assets. The investigation of human trafficking
should be afforded the same priority as other areas of
organised crime in that specialist investigative techni-
ques and disruption strategies should be employed.

(iii) Member States should provide for necessary organisa-
tional structures, specialised personnel and adequate
financial resources to their law enforcement authorities
to effectively combat human trafficking. In as far as is

(iv) Human trafficking for labour exploitation requires
new types of specialisation and cooperation with part-
ners, e.g. agencies
the control of
working conditions and financial investigations related
to irregular labour.

responsible for

(v) Member States' law enforcement strategies should, as
the

include measures

to confiscate

appropriate,
proceeds of crime.

(vi) Measures should continue to be taken to facilitate the
more rapid identification of potential victims of traf-
ficking at
the EU's borders. Member States should
consider reviewing policies on unaccompanied minors
to protect this particularly vulnerable group.

(vii) Member States should, as appropriate and in line with
national conditions and practice, provide protection
and assistance to (…) victims as a part of a balanced,
effective prosecution. Member States should further
develop pro-active
led investigations,
intelligence
which do not necessarily depend on the testimony of
the victims.

(viii) Member States should ensure that national law enfor-
in the
cement agencies
exchange of information, in joint operations and joint
investigative teams and use the potential of Eurojust to
facilitate the prosecution of traffickers.

regularly involve Europol

(ix) Member States should promote combating human
trafficking as a priority in their law enforcement rela-
tions with third countries. Police cooperation between
special units to fight trafficking in human beings in
Member States and in countries of origin should be
enhanced. Common projects should be set up to
enhance the capacity of the special units of the coun-
tries of origin to fight trafficking in human being in
the line with EU standards.

(x) Anti-corruption and anti-poverty strategies should be

an integral part of anti-trafficking strategies.

5. Member States should find more and more intensive ways

of taking forward cooperation.

authorities with civil

(i) Member States should consolidate the cooperation of
public
society organisations
related to the protection of victims, prevention of and
for example by
the fight against human trafficking,
setting up rules agreed upon by both sides
that
promote mutual understanding and trust.

9.12.2005

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Official Journal of the European Union

C 311/3

appropriate
Where
unions
and representatives of
economic sectors should also be involved.

employer organisations,

specific

trade
industries/

(ii) Member States and EU institutions should continue to
cooperate with relevant international organisations (e.g.
UN, OSCE and Council of Europe) and at a national
level, as appropriate and where necessary, relations
with and capacity of relevant NGOs should be strength-
ened and institutionalized.

(iii) Regional solutions to prevent
to protect and assist

trafficking in human
beings,
those in need and to
ensure the safe return and to ensure the effective, and
secure reintegration of victims are essential. Member
States and the Commission should continue to promote
regional
initiatives that complement and inspire EU
wide cooperation (inter alia the Nordic Baltic Taskforce
against Trafficking in Human Beings;
the Southeast
European Cooperative Initiative;
the Southeast Euro-
pean Cooperation Process; the pan-European Budapest
Process; the ‘5+5 dialogue’ between the Western Medi-
terranean countries; and the Mediterranean Transit
Migration Dialogue, the ‘Alliance Against Trafficking in
Persons’ as well as other fora/organisations).

TABLE OF ACTIONS FOR THE EU PLAN ON BEST PRACTICES, STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR COMBATING AND PREVENTING TRAFFICKING IN
HUMAN BEINGS

ANNEX

1. COORDINATION OF EU ACTION

Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

1. To establish common priorities to
targeted EU level
enable better
action. To improve the effectiveness
of EU action.

(a) Member States to share lists of priority origin and
frequently encountered

transit countries and most
routes.

March 2006

Member
dency

States/Presi-

Member States to have shared information with the Presi-
dency and the Commission by end of April 2006. Informa-
tion should also be sent to Europol especially for the contin-
uous work being taken forward at Europol on the Organised
Crime Threat Assessment (OCTA).

(b) EU funding (i.e. Agis and other appropriate existing
to be prioritised against bids

funding programmes)
which match areas highlighted by Action Plan.

Ongoing

Commission

Commission to evaluate current funding streams and, as far
as possible, to prioritise bids concerning trafficking against
the priorities contained in the action plan.

(c) Prevention and combating trafficking to be a thematic
the future EU financial arrangements/

priority for
programmes for JHA.

Ongoing

Commission
Member States

and

These arrangements/programmes should include flexible
funding arrangements, which allow financial support to be
made available to support Member States' operationally,
and to strengthen regional forms of police cooperation.

In this context consideration should be given to funding
projects concerning operational action which only one
Member State takes forward. In this context, consideration
should also be given to ways in which sustainable financing
may be made available to non governmental support and
reintegration services.

Commission to evaluate proposals
funding
streams and in negotiation/revision of the proposals with
Member States and the European Parliament to appropriately
prioritise trafficking as far as possible in line with the terms
set out in the action plan.

future

for

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2. To ensure an ongoing debate on the
subject, including the human rights
issues.

(a) A political debate on the EU anti-trafficking policy (…)
should be held, and compliance of the latter policy
with human rights standards and the need for further
action be assessed.

Once per year

Council and Commis-
sion

Debate takes place.

.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

3. To ensure common standards across

the EU.

(a) Council to adopt the proposal for a Decision on the
conclusion, on behalf of the EC, of the UN Protocol to
Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
particularly women and children of the UN Trafficking
Protocol.

By the end of
2006.

Council

Protocols concluded.

(b) To develop proposals for coordination and cooperation

mechanisms needed at EU level.

By the end of
2006

Commission to present
proposals.

Proposals presented to Council by end of 2006, which may
include an examination of the possibilities for a peer evalua-
tion mechanism with respect to anti-trafficking in human
beings policy and practice.

(c) Member States to consider as a priority signature and
ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on
trafficking in human beings.

by the end of
2007

Commission
Member States

and

Review of state of play with respect to ratification/conclu-
sion by each Member State.

Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

2. SCOPING THE PROBLEM

1. To improve knowledge on the scale
and nature of trafficking in human
beings
to other
forms of criminality) effecting the
EU,
to enable the EU to target
efforts better.

(including links

(a) To develop common guidelines for the collection of
data including comparable indicators. To take account
of differences between types of trafficking and cate-
gories of victims. Such work should also take account
of retrafficked victims.

Autumn 2006

Guidelines issued.

be

Commission (Eurostat)
and Europol. It should
also
considered
whether the future EU
Agency
Funda-
for
mental Rights and the
European
Migration
Network should have a
role in this work there-
after.

(b) To review current EU wide work on estimating the
scale of the problem with the aim to target all forms of
trafficking.

Autumn 2006

Member
dency/Commission

States/Presi-

Initiate consultation exercise and possibly issue EU wide
questionnaire to map existing data and estimates.

(c) To develop a common research template for Member
States to use to increase research available on specific
areas, starting with child trafficking.

Autumn 2006

European
Network

Migration

Common research template is available.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

(d) To convene a meeting of appropriate representatives
from national coordination structures (e.g. national
rapporteurs where they exist),
including law enforce-
ment and immigration experts, depending on national
arrangements. To consider the scale of and issues rele-
vant to trafficking within the EU in addition to traf-
ficking from outside the EU

End of 2006

Presidency

Meeting convenes, organised either by Commission or Presi-
dency.

Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indication

1. To address the root causes of traf-

ficking.

(a) Member States and EU institutions to support anti-traf-
ficking initiatives as well as broader measures addres-
sing root causes, especially poverty,
insecurity and
exclusion and gender inequalities.

Ongoing

Member
Commission

States/

Commission to host seminar to gather information and
share best practice in this area. The seminar could lead to
the development of indicators in this field.

3. PREVENTING TRAFFICKING

2. To prevent trafficking in countries
of origin, transit and destination by
the dangers
raising awareness of
crime
involved
and
prevention and criminal
justice in
the EU, including successful prosecu-
tions, to deter traffickers (…).

publicising

(b) Development

cooperation also to include gender
specific prevention strategies and strategies aimed at
strengthening the economic, legal and political position
of both women and children.

Ongoing

Member
Commission

States/

Commission to host seminar to gather information and
share best practice in this area. The seminar could lead to
the development of indicators in this field.

(a) To develop EU campaign materials in cooperation with

Mid 2006

Council/Commission

the NGO community. Campaign to

Campaign materials available by end of 2006. To be evalu-
ated by end of 2007.

— Include

all

relevant

example
methods of recruitment, focus on successful prose-
cutions in member states

information,

for

— Be aimed at identified target groups, including chil-

dren

— Be based on real case studies
— Consider approaches needed within and outside the

EU

— Be aimed at reducing demand.

Campaigns to be evaluated for effectiveness.

(b) To create a network of media contacts on trafficking to

End 2006

publicise successes within and outside the EU.

Presidency to coordi-
nate

Contacts distributed to MDG on organised crime by end of
June 2006.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indication

3. To enable identification of victims

(a) To hold a seminar firstly with the airline industry.

Mid 2006

Presidency

early to prevent exploitation.

To involve relevant enforcement agencies and ILOs. To
explore models of regional/national cooperation and joint
working that have been effective to set
the scene for
further events at national/regional level, to be organised by
Member States

Seminar takes place. Recommendations published which
also consider the success of
the approach and value in
extending to other sectors of the transport industry, i.e. ferry
companies etc.

(b) Complete development of common Visa Information

Ongoing

System as soon as possible.

Presidency
with
Commission and Euro-
pean Parliament

Report from Presidency by end 2006 on progress on nego-
tiation/status of implementation if instrument is adopted.

(c) To hold a seminar with immigration services, bodies
responsible for social services and other relevant autho-
rities to share best practice regarding the identification
of children at risk, in particular unaccompanied minors.

(d) Consular staff and ILOs of Member States in countries
of origin to consider human trafficking in local
consular discussion working groups and ILO meetings,
in order to exchange information and improve recogni-
tion of applications which could involve human traf-
ficking.

(e) Following

consideration

the
FRONTEX Management Board, trafficking to be main-
streamed into the work of FRONTEX including:

agreement

and

in

End of 2006

Presidency to coordi-
nate

Conference Conclusions circulated.

End of 2006

Member States

Awareness raised among visa issuing officers. Presidencies to
(…)
report by end 2006 on discussions held in local
consular and ILO discussion working groups and meetings
and any key trends identified.

End of 2006

FRONTEX

Frontex annual work programmes and annual reports to
detail work on trafficking.

(i) through the coordination and organisation of joint
operations and pilot projects at the EU's external
border.

(ii) through the supply of risk analyses to Member

States.

(iii) through the development of common strategies to

tackle trafficking through ports

(iv) and through the dissemination of training mate-

rials.

(v) complementary cooperation with Europol.

FRONTEX's work will
the particular
circumstances of the most vulnerable victims, in particular
children and women.

take into account

(f) Implement the use of biometric identifiers in issuing

and verifying EU residence permits and visas.

As soon as
possible.

Commission
Member States.

and

Biometrics implemented.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indication

4. REDUCING DEMAND

1. To develop the expertise on redu-
cing demand for labour exploitation

(a) To establish an expert group to consider relevant issues
concerning employment regulations and their impact
on trafficking. This group should consider the role of
private employment services and consider the develop-
ment of appropriate materials to raise awareness with
potential employers of trafficked victims.

End of 2006

Council
Commission

with

the

Working Group to have met by end of 2006 and have
agreed terms of reference.

2. To reduce the demand for trafficked
persons in destination countries.

(a) Member States to report any current best practice on
community engagement and community policing stra-
tegies adopted to deter trafficking that may occur infor-
mally within communities, for example trafficking for
domestic service. This process should cover strategies
used for all forms of trafficking for whatever purpose
(sexual exploitation and more widely) and including
specific groups of victims, i.e. women and children.

End of 2006

Presidency to coordi-
nate (be the point
to
which best practice is
sent)
by
supported
Member States.

Member States to report any best practice to the Presidency,
copying it to Europol as appropriate, by the end of 2006.

5. INVESTIGATING AND PROSECUTING

Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

1. To improve the strategic and tactical
intelligence picture on trafficking in
human beings and enable an intelli-
gence led approach.

(a) Member States to agree to share information via I/24/7
and the trafficking and smuggling messaging service
system to Interpol, to share pertinent information and
intelligence with Europol, and Europol to strengthen
links with Interpol.

By June 2006

Member
Europol.

States

and

Europol to report to Europol Management Board on infor-
mation sharing from Member States, and on status of wider
cooperation with Interpol.

(b) Make use of the Organised Crime Threat Assessment
to assist with an EU wide assessment and

(OCTA)
prioritisation of action.

April 2006

Member States (having
the
supplied
been
OCTA by Europol)

Europol to have produced the OCTA. Member States to be
using it to plan operational priorities.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

(c) EU to strengthen formal links to International Organisa-
tions to tap into data on routes, sources and methods.

June 2006

— Europol to develop formal liaison arrangements in
line with the guidance of the Europol Management
Board.

— Council to support a networking event for interna-
to develop

tional organisations/law enforcement
links.

Europol and Member
States
the
Council.

through

Networking Event takes place.
Europol to report to the Europol Management Board about
future external arrangements.

2. To improve the ability of Member
States to investigate trafficking effec-
tively

3. To improve the operational coopera-
tion between Member States on traf-
ficking.

(d) Member States to put intelligence into the concerned

June 2006

Analytical Work File at Europol.

Member
Europol.

States

and

Europol to report to the Council structures on further devel-
opments.

(e) Europol and FRONTEX to develop complementary
cooperation, especially with regard to their analytical
activities concerning the phenomenon.

(a) CEPOL to take the lead in developing AGIS funded
resources including recent guideline manuals and other
resources such as the Interpol manual, into a core curri-
culum for senior police officers — to be cascaded as
appropriate. CEPOL to then regularly organise specific
training for law enforcement personnel on trafficking.
Training should consider trafficking within the context
of migrant smuggling also.

June 2006

Europol and FRONTEX Europol and FRONTEX to report to the Council structures.

End of 2006

CEPOL

CEPOL to report to MDG on progress regularly. CEPOL
annual report to Council to contain specific information on
this work.

Ongoing

PCTF/Europol Centre of
Excellence

Issue to be discussed in PCTF strategic meetings.

(a) Member States to consider ways in which information
concerning law enforcement officers in Member States
who are involved closely in human trafficking work
who have specialist
specialist
oriental or African languages) can be disseminated
more widely (this would mean that where bi or multi-
lateral joint investigation teams are being put together
by different Member States they can consider including
such officers in teams as appropriate and in sofar as
national operational demands on such officers permit).

language skills

(e.g.

(b) PCTF and Europol to report annually on how traf-
ficking has been taken forward within their work
programmes.

First Report by
December 2006

PCTF/Europol

Recommendations considered in drafting Europol work
programme and revising COSPOL strategy.

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Objective

Action

Timetable

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

(c) PCTF to monitor operational cooperation between
Member States on trafficking and where appropriate
make recommendations for its improvement.

First Report by
December 2006

PCTF

Discussion regularly in strategic meetings of
the Police
Chiefs' Task Force with recommendations being made to
Council as and when appropriate.

(d) Develop a manual of contacts for law enforcement
agencies across EU to cover out of hours contacts and
background on procedures in place in each Member
State.

Mid 2006 or
earlier if
possible

PCTF

PCTF to report and consider manual
meeting in 2006.

in their strategic

4. To enable more effective coopera-
tion in investigations and prosecu-
tions against trafficking.

(a) Member States to make maximum use of Eurojust and
and the European Judicial

coordinating

role

its
Network.

End of 2006

Member States/Eurojust

Eurojust to report to Council as part of their annual report
on trafficking investigations they have assisted with.

(b) The creation of a specialist network of practitioners
with specialist expertise in prosecuting trafficking cases,
including those dealing with children. This network
would consider developing training for prosecutors in
due course.

End of 2006

Presidency/Eurojust/
European
Network

Judicial

Network contacts circulated.

(c) To develop greater awareness of the particular issues
including those involving

raised in trafficking cases,
children, with the judiciary in Member States.

Mid 2007

European
Judicial
Network in partnership
with Eurojust and ERA.

Efficient, effective and informed case file management. EJN
to report back with recommendations concerning ways to
improve case file management.

(d) As part of the evaluation of the Council Framework
Decision on trafficking in human beings, to review the
legal
frameworks in place across Member States to
address trafficking, in particular child trafficking

End of 2006

Commission
Member States

and

Commission evaluation of Council Framework Decision
completed.

that

(e) To conduct an inventory of legislation which comple-
ments
for
example legislation on the status of victims, legislation
criminalising intermediaries, i.e. gangmasters, proceeds
of crime legislation.

in place to criminalise trafficking,

End of 2007

Commission

Document circulated.

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Objective

Action

Timescale

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

6. PROTECTING AND SUPPORTING VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING

1. To ensure frontline staff have the
right tools and expertise to identify
victims of trafficking and offer them
appropriate protection and support
bearing in mind the special needs of
children.

(a) To organise a seminar with Member States and NGOs
which provide victims with services to take stock of
best practice in the identification of victims and to
consider drawing up a broad list of criteria with respect
to best practice in this area.

Mid 2006

Commission and Presi-
dency

Seminar takes place and conclusions published.

2. To build and strengthen effective
links
organisations
providing support and reintegration
services and Member States.

between

(a) To hold a conference to foster existing links and build a
more solid network of NGOs and International Organi-
sations providing support and reintegration services

Mid 2006

Presidency
Commission Support

with

Conference takes place.

(b) Develop an EU wide directory of services to map avail-

End of 2006

able support schemes.

Presidency
Commission support

with

Directory is published.

(c) EU to consider further developing the OSCE manual
(the National Referral Mechanism Manual) and to
propose recommendations and amendments to the
Presidency and Commission with a view to presenting a
coherent set of amendments from the perspective of
the EU at a future revision of that manual or as neces-
sary a standalone EU document.

End of 2006
(for proposals
to be sent to
the Presidency
and the
Commission)

Commission and Presi-
dency

Presidency to report on whether any such proposals for
changes have been made.

(d) To develop a model protocol between Member States
and NGOs to include minimum levels of support,
liaison points in key services and standards of working
practices. The model protocol should build on existing
good practice and have the input of NGOs where
appropriate.

By end of 2006

Commission
Member States

and

Protocol is drawn up

.

.

9
1
2
2
0
0
5

E
N

O

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i
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a
l

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f

t
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C
3
1
1
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1

Objective

Action

Timescale

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

7. RETURNS AND REINTEGRATION

available

1. To share knowledge and experience
about
reintegration
schemes in source countries and risk
carried out
assessment processes
before return.

(a) Map available schemes and processes and scope possi-
bilities for coordinating post-return assistance in third
countries, including an assessment of risk in countries
of return. The process should seek to identify and make
more widely available best practice in Member States
and may be followed up by a seminar, as necessary and
if appropriate, concerning this best practice.

Autumn 2006

Member
dency

States/Presi-

Member States to have shared information with the Presi-
dency by mid 2006 and document mapping services avail-
able by end of 2006.

Objective

Action

Timescale

Responsible Party

Assessment Tool/Indicator

8. EXTERNAL RELATIONS

1. To enhance anti-trafficking action in

relations with third countries.

(a) Country and Regional Strategy Papers and Indicative
Programmes to strengthen strategies to address factors
facilitating trafficking, but in particular child trafficking.

EU to engage in dialogue with countries of origin,
including through such regional consultative processes as
ASEM and the Bali Process as well as through other appro-
priate multilateral processes concerning other regions (for
example with respect to Latin America and the Caribbean).

Third country agreements (e.g. the EU-Russia action plan)
should promote cooperation in EU, regional and interna-
tional
law enforcement operations as well as encourage
capacity building on trafficking.

Ongoing.

Commission

Commission to review the current status of anti-trafficking
strategies and initiatives with third country relations by mid-
2006.

(b) The upcoming strategy for JHA EU External Relations

Ongoing

should reflect trafficking as a priority.

Commission and Presi-
dency

Strategy gives priority to trafficking.

(c) To put emphasis on multilateral activities on counter-
trafficking such as the UNODC global fund against traf-
ficking

C

3
1
1
/
1
2

E
N

O

f
f
i
c
i
a
l

J
o
u
r
n
a
l

o
f

t
h
e

E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
U
n
o
n

i

.

.

9
1
2
2
0
0
5