Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 2007 to 2019
Date: 2005-05-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: European cultural event, accession to the European Union, capital city, cultural policy, enlargement of the Union

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 30.5.2005 
COM(2005) 209 final 

2005/102 (COD) 

Proposal for a 

DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 

establishing a community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 
2007 to 2019 

(presented by the Commission) 

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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 

1. INTRODUCTION 

The  European  City  of  Culture  was  launched  by  the  Council  of  Ministers  on  13  June  1985. 
Until 2004, the European Cities of Culture had been selected on an intergovernmental basis 
whereby Member States unanimously selected cities worthy of hosting the event. 

Decision  1419/1999/EC1,  adopted  on  the  basis  of  Article  151  of  the  Treaty  establishing  the 
European  Community,  amended  the  procedure  for  selecting  the  cities  from  2005  onwards, 
known as “European Capitals of Culture” (ECOC). The ECOC is now decided by the Council 
on the basis of a Commission recommendation, which takes into account the view of a jury of 
seven  independent  members.  The  selection  is  based  on  criteria  laid  down  in  the  above 
Decision. This Decision includes a list of EUR-15 Member States (Annex 1) setting out the 
chronological of entitlement from 2005 to 20192.  

The ten new Member States, which joined the EU on 1 May 2004, were not included in this 
list.  The  Commission,  therefore,  submitted  a  proposal  to  amend  Decision  1419/1999/CE  in 
November  2003  to  enable  the  new  Member  States  to  propose  an  ECOC  from  2009.  This 
proposal  was  adopted  by  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  on  13  April  2005.  As  a 
result,  from  2009  onwards,  there  will  be  two  European  Capitals  of  Culture  each  year  (one 
from the EUR-15, one from the new Member States).  

2. NEED TO REVIEW THE CURRENT DECISION 

2.1. Improvements required from the experience and consultation of the stakeholders 
The Commission launched a study3 (hereafter: ECOC study) which confirms that the ECOC 
action  is  generally  viewed  very  positively  by  the  general  public.  Nevertheless,  the 
implementation  of  the  designation  process,  as  laid  down  in  Decision  1419/1999,  revealed  a 
number of weaknesses, in particular with regard to:  

- the competition between cities; 
- the role of the selection panel; 
- the question of monitoring 
- the European dimension 
- the question of timing 
- the participation of third countries. 

The assessment reports of the selection panels, the Committee for culture, youth, education, 
media and sports of the European Parliament in its report of the first reading of the modified 
decision,  as  well  as  the  ECOC  study  confirmed  these  weaknesses.  Accordingly,  the  present 
proposal,  based  on  the  various  contributions,  aims  at  replacing  Decision  1419/1999  as 

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Decision  1419/1999/EC  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  of  25  May  1999  (OJ  L  166, 
1.7.1999). http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/1999/l_166/l_16619990701en00010005.pdf 
Starting with Ireland in 2005, followed by Greece in 2006. 
Study on European Cities and Capitals of Culture and the European Cultural Months (1995-2004) 
(Palmer-Rae Associates August 2004) 
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/culture/eac/sources_info/studies/capitals_en.html 

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amended  on  13  April  2005.  It  also  aims  at  improving,  i.a.  the  transparency  of  the  selection 
process and the definition of European added value.  

2.2. Outline of the proposal  

A) Strengthening the competition element 

Following careful consideration of various competition models, the Commission has: 

- rejected the idea of a totally open competition, Europe wide, with any European city being 
able  to  be  nominated.  Such  an  approach  would  require,  each  year,  considerable  and 
disproportionate resources in the Commission, the selection panels and the Members States. It 
would also not guarantee rotation between Member States. 

- ruled out a limited competition system which would impose a minimum of two proposals 
for each Member State; this system offered no guarantee of a stronger European dimension of 
ECOC  events.  Furthermore,  all  Member  States  might  not  be  in  a  position  to  present  a 
minimum of 2 proposals. 

On  this  basis,  the  Commission  has  opted  for  a  system  which  encourages  Member  States  to 
organise competition at national level between interested cities.  

B) Role of the selection panel 

The  Commission  proposes  establishing  a  “mixed”  selection  panel  consisting  of  7  experts 
designated  by  the  European  Institutions,  of  which  one  taking  the  Chair,  and  6  experts 
designated by the Member State concerned, in agreement with the Commission. The 7 experts 
should  be  appointed  in  turn  for  3  years  by  the  Council,  the  European  Parliament,  the 
Commission and the Committee of the Regions in accordance with the criteria laid down in 
Article  5(3)  of  this  proposal.  The  overall  composition  of  the  panel  should  ensure  adequate 
balance between local and national interests and guarantee the “European” dimension ahead 
of the national selection decision. 

The  Member  State  concerned  should  launch  a  call  for  submission  of  applications  6  years 
before the event is due to begin, and organise an information day for potential candidates. 

The selection panel should meet 5 years before the event to agree on a short-list of candidates. 
It should prepare a report on the candidates’ programmes and make recommendations to the 
candidates  short-listed.  The  report  should  be  submitted  to  the  Member  State  concerned  and 
the Commission.  

The panel should meet 9 months after the first selection meeting in order to prepare a report 
on  the  programmes  of  the  short-listed  candidates,  and,  on  that  basis,  recommend  a  city  for 
nomination as ECOC. The report should also contain recommendations to the selected city. It 
should be submitted to the Member State concerned and to the Commission.  

The Member State concerned should notify one nomination 4 years before the event is due to 
begin.  The  European  Parliament  may  forward  an  opinion  to  the  Commission  within  the 
following two months. On that basis, the Commission would make a Recommendation to the 
Council. The Council would then designate the city. 

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C) Monitoring by the “European monitoring panel” 

The Commission proposes establishing a “European monitoring panel” (EMP) for the period 
after the designation of the ECOC until the start of the event. It would focus on the European 
dimension  of  the  programme  and  contribute,  wherever  necessary,  to  ensuring  the  European 
added-value of the programme.  

This  European  monitoring  panel  will  be  composed  of  only  the  7  members  of  the  selection 
panel designated, in turn as explained in 2.2.B, by the European Institutions. The EMP should 
provide cities with support and guidance in further elaborating their programme: 

- Two years before the event is due to begin, the EMP should carry out a mid-term monitoring 
of the project and programme of the two cities on the state of the preparation as well as on the 
European dimension.  

- Six months at the latest before the event, the EMP should meet again with the authorities of 
the  designated  ECOCs  to  take  stock  and  assess  the  preparatory  work  done  so  far  and  the 
remaining steps to be taken. The EMP should then issue a final monitoring report, not later 
than one month after the final meeting. 

On this basis, the Commission may award a prize to the designated cities, provided that their 
authorities met the commitments made during the selection phase and adequately responded 
to the recommendations issued by the panels during the selection and monitoring phase. 

D) European dimension – selection criteria 

The  ECOC  programme  of  activities  should  include  events/actions  which  highlight  the 
European  dimension  and  offer  European  added  value.  The  following  aspects  should  be 
emphazised :  

-a  European  dimension,  which  should  foster  multilateral  cooperation  between  cultural 
operators  at  all  levels,  highlight  the  richness  of  cultural  diversity  and  bring  the  common 
aspects of European cultures to the fore; 

-a citizenship dimension, which should raise the interest of the citizens living in the city and 
from other countries and be an integral part of the long term cultural development of the city.  

E) Timing 

Past  experience  and  the  ECOC  study  confirm  that  the  overall  planning  time  needs  to  be 
extended. The selection process should start six years before the event is due to begin (pre-
selection  /  selection  /  nomination).  The  Council  should  be  in  a  position  to  designate  the 
ECOCs four years before the event. 

F) The participation of third countries 

On the basis  of the ECOC study, the Commission  proposes a maximum  of two ECOCs  per 
year.  This  approach  is  in  line  with  the  March  2005  Decision  which  integrates  the  new 
Member States. 

More than two ECOCs per year would harm visibility of the event. Therefore, the reference to 
the  nomination  of  an  ECOC  by  third  countries  has  been  dropped.  Instead,  the  successful 

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“cultural month” initiative which was in place for third countries until 2003 could be resumed. 
Discussions on this possibility should take place outside of the ECOC context. 

G) Conclusion 

As a result, the European Capitals of Culture will be designated in 2 phases, on the basis of 
the  assessment  of  a  panel  composed  of  experts  appointed  by  the  Institutions  and  experts 
designated by the Member States concerned. A monitoring panel will support the designated 
cities in their preparation phases until the start of the event. A prize will reward the quality of 
the programme (particularly the relevance of the European dimension) once finalised. 

This scheme maintains a good balance between national and local priorities and the required 
European added value of the action.  

3. FLANKING MEASURES 

The selection panels, the European Parliament, the Committee of the Regions and the ECOC 
study call for several flanking measures to: 

- improve transparency of the selection process; 

- clarify the aims and objectives of the ECOC event; 

- clarify the selection criteria; 

- define the concept of European dimension; 

- provide guidance to potential candidates. 

On that basis, the Commission will develop relevant documentation, including specifications 
for the submission of nominations and the related official reports. This material will be made 
available  online  as  soon  as  possible,  starting  in  the  year  2006.  The  Commission  will  also 
promote information and exchange of experience between ECOCs. 

4. RESOURCES - DURATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE DECISION 

4. 1. Resources  

This  proposal  has  no  direct  financial  implications.  The  financial  aspect  in  relation  to  the 
ECOCs  is  dealt  with  in  the  framework  of  the  Culture  2000  and  future  Culture  2007 
programmes.  At  this  stage,  the  Commission’s  proposal  for  the  Culture  2007  programme 
would  allow  up  to  a  tripling  of  the  Community  contribution  to  each  individual  ECOC  as 
compared to the current programme.  

4.2 Date of application (transitional period) 

The present proposal, which replaces and repeals Decision 1419/1999, will apply as of 2007. 
It includes a transitional period between the two schemes in order to cover the designations 
for 2011 and 2012. 

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2005/102 (COD) 

Proposal for a 

DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL 

establishing a community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 
2007 to 2019 

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article 1514 thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission5, 

Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions6, 

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty7, 

Whereas 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

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Decision 1419/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 8 established a 
Community  action  for  the  European  Capital  of  Culture  event  for  the  years  2005  to 
2019 

A study which has been carried out into the results achieved by European Capital of 
Culture  event  until  2004  showed  that  it  has  a  positive  impact  in  terms  of  media 
resonance, the development of culture and tourism and the recognition by inhabitants 
of the importance of their city having been designated. However, this action still needs 
to be improved. 

The stakeholders of the event stressed problems in the selection process laid down in 
the Decision 1419/1999/EC, and recommended monitoring the proposals, particularly 
in order to enhance their European dimension. 

The importance and impact of the European Capital of Culture calls for the creation of 
a  mixed  selection  process,  involving  national  and  European  levels,  and  the 
introduction of a strong monitoring element.  

The  preparation  phase  of  the  event  is  of  crucial  importance  for  its  success  in 
accordance with the objectives of the action. 

OJ C 325, 24.12.2002, p.99. 
OJ . 
OJ… . 
OJ C 325, 24.12.2002, p.133  
OJ L 166, 1.7.1999, p.1. Decision as amended by Decision 649/2005/EC (OJ L 117, 4.5.2005, p.20) 

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(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

A monitoring phase after the designation is needed to guarantee the European added- 
value of the action.  

It is important to reward the quality of the programme in terms of the objectives and 
criteria of the action and particularly the European added value by awarding a prize.  

The designation process laid down in this Decision needs a period of six years to be 
implemented ; this period cannot be guaranteed for the years 2011 and 2012 given that 
this  Decision  enters  into  force  in  2007.  For  these  years  a  designation  process  is 
provided,  as  laid  down  in  Decision  1419/1999/EC  as  modified  by  Decision 
649/2005/CE. 

(9) 

In the interests of clarity, Decision 1419/1999 should be replaced by this Decision. 

HAVE DECIDED AS FOLLOWS  

Article 1 
Subject matter 

A Community action entitled "European Capital of Culture" is hereby established in order to 
highlight the richness and diversity of European cultures and the features they share, as well 
as to promote greater mutual acquaintance between European citizens.  

Article 2 
Access to the action 

1. 

2. 

Cities  in  Member  States  shall  be  entitled  to  be  designated  as  European  Capitals  of 
Culture for one year, in turn, as set out in the list of the Annex .  

The designation shall apply to one city of each of the Member States appearing in the 
list referred to in paragraph 1.  

The chronological order set out in that list may be altered by mutual agreement between the 
Member States concerned. 

Article 3 
Applications  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Every  application  shall  include  a  cultural  programme  with  a  European  dimension, 
based  principally  on  cultural  cooperation,  in  accordance  with  the  objectives  and 
action provided for by Article 151 of the Treaty. 

The  cultural  programme  of  the  event  shall be  specifically  created  for  the  European 
Capital  of  Culture  year,  highlighting  the  European  added  value  in  accordance  with 
the criteria laid down in paragraph 3. 

The  cultural  programme  shall  meet  the  following  criteria,  grouped  into  two 
categories called “The European Dimension” and “City and Citizens”: 

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As regards “The European Dimension”, the programme shall: 

foster  cooperation  between  cultural  operators,  artists  and  cities  from  other 

(a) 
Member States in any cultural sector, 

(b) 

highlight the richness of cultural diversity in Europe, 

(c) 

bring the common aspects of European cultures to the fore. 

As regards “City and citizens”, the programme shall: 

raise the interest of the citizens living in the city and its surroundings as well as 

(a) 
of citizens from abroad, 

be sustainable and be an integral part of the long term cultural development of 

(b) 
the city. 

4. 

The programme shall last one year. In duly justified cases designated cities may opt 
for a shorter period.  

A linkage between the programmes of the designated cities of the same year shall be 
made.  

Cities may choose to involve their surrounding region in their programme.  

Article 4 
Submission of applications 

1. 

A  call  for  submission  of  applications  shall  be  published  by  each  of  the  Member 
States concerned no later than six years before the event in question is due to begin.  

These calls for submission of applications, aimed at the candidate cities for the title, 
shall  mention  the  criteria  laid  down  in  Article  3  of  this  Decision  and  on  the 
Commission web site.  

The  deadline  for  submitting  a  proposal  under  each  of  these  calls  for  submission  of 
applications shall be scheduled ten months after its publication at the latest.  

The proposals received under these calls shall present the outlines of the programmes 
which the candidate cities plan to realize for the given year. 

2. 

Proposals shall be notified to the Commission by the Member State concerned. 

Article 5 
Selection panel 

A selection panel, shall be established to assess the proposals of the candidate cities 
and to recommend the nomination of one city by the Member State concerned.  

The selection panel shall consist of 13 members. The members are appointed by the 
European  Parliament,  the  Council,  the  Commission  and  the  Committee  of  the 

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2. 

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Regions  and  by  the  Member  State  concerned  each  year.  It  shall  designate  its 
chairman  among  the  personalities  nominated  by  the  European  Parliament,  the 
Council, the Commission and the Committee of the Regions. 

3. 

Two  Panel  members  shall  be  appointed  by  the  European  Parliament,  two  by  the 
Council, two by the Commission and one by the Committee of the Regions. 

These  selection  panel  members  shall  be  independent  experts  with  no  conflicts  of 
interest  and  with  substantial  experience  and  expertise  in  the  cultural  sector,  in 
cultural development of cities or in organization of European Capital of Culture. 

They shall be appointed for three years. 

By  way  of  derogation  to  the  first  subparagraph  in  the  first  year  this  Decision  is  in 
force,  two  experts  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Commission  for  one  year,  two  by  the 
European Parliament for two years, two by the Council for three years and one by the 
Committee of the Regions for three years. 

4. 

Each of the Member States concerned shall nominate six personalities as members in 
agreement  with  the  Commission,  who  shall  be  independent  from  the  cities  which 
applied to the call for submission of applications.  

These  selection  panel  members  shall  be  independent  experts  with  no  conflicts  of 
interest  and  with  substantial  experience  and  expertise  in  cultural  sector  or  city 
development.  

Article 6 
Pre-selection 

1. 

2. 

1. 

2. 

Each of the Member States concerned shall convene the relevant selection panel as 
laid down in Article 5 no later than five years before the event is due to begin.  

Each of the selection panels shall assess the proposals of the cities which applied to 
each of the calls for submission of applications, assessing their proposals according 
to the criteria laid down in Article 3.  

It  shall  agree  on  a  short-list  of  candidates  which  are  to  be  further  considered  and 
issue  a  report  on  the  proposals  of  the  candidate  cities  and  recommendations  to  the 
short-listed candidates.  

It shall submit its report to the competent Member State and the Commission.  

Article 7 
Final selection  

The short-listed cities shall complete their proposal and transmit the completed bid to 
the Member States concerned, which shall then forward it to the Commission.  

Each of the Member States concerned shall convene the relevant selection panel, for 
final selection, nine months after the first selection meeting.  

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It shall evaluate the amended programmes of the short-listed cities according to the 
criteria  of  this  action  and  the  recommendations  issued  by  the  panel  during  its  pre-
selection meeting.  

It shall issue a report on the programmes of the short listed candidates together with a 
recommendation  for  the  nomination  of  one  city  to  become  European  Capital  of 
Culture.  

The  report  shall  also  contain  recommendations  to  the  selected  city  concerning  the 
progress  and  the  development  to  be  achieved  by  the  given  year,  if  designated  as 
European Capital of Culture by the Council.  

The report shall be submitted to the Member State concerned and to the Commission. 
It shall be published on the internet site of the Commission.  

Article 8 
Designation 

1. 

Each of the Member States concerned shall nominate one city to be European Capital 
of  Culture  and  shall  communicate  it  to  the  European  Parliament,  the  Council,  the 
Commission and the Committee of the Regions, no later than four years before the 
event is due to begin. 

The nomination must be accompanied by a justification for the decision based on the 
reports of the selection panel. 

The nomination shall take into account the recommendations issued by the selection 
panel. 

2. 

The European Parliament may forward an opinion to the Commission not later than 
two months after receipt of the nominations of the Member States concerned.  

The Council, acting on a recommendation from the Commission drawn up in light of 
the opinion of the European Parliament and the justifications based on the reports of 
the  selection  panels,  shall  officially  designate  the  cities  in  question  as  European 
Capitals of Culture for the year for which they have been nominated. 

Article 9 
Mid term Monitoring 

1. 

2. 

The  designated  Capitals  of  Culture  shall  issue  a  mid  term  progress  report  to  the 
Commission, at the latest 27 months before the event is due to begin, on the state of 
the preparations of the programme for the event.  

The Commission shall ensure independent evaluation of this report. 

No  later  than  24  months  before  the  event  is  due  to  begin,  the  Commission  shall 
convene the seven experts nominated by the European Parliament, the Council, the 
Commission  and  the  authorities  responsible  for  the  implementation  of  the 
programmes of the cities designated as European Capitals of Culture.  

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From this stage these experts form a “monitoring panel”.  

They shall meet to evaluate the preparation of the event, particularly concerning the 
European added value of the programmes.  

The  monitoring  panel  shall  issue  a  mid  term  monitoring  report  on  the  state  of  the 
preparations for the event, and the steps still to be taken, in line with the objectives 
and  criteria  of  the  action  and  the  recommendations  laid  down  in  the  reports  of  the 
selection panels referred to in article 7(2).  

The  mid  term  monitoring  report  shall  be  transmitted  to  the  Commission  and  to  the 
cities  and  Member  States  concerned  not  later  than  one  month  after  the  mid  term 
monitoring meeting. It shall be published on the internet site of the Commission.  

Article 10 
Final monitoring 

1. 

2. 

The  nominated  Capitals  of  Culture  shall  issue  a  final  progress  report  to  the 
Commission, at the latest nine months before the event is due to begin, on the state of 
the  preparations  of  the  programmes  for  the  event.  The  Commission  shall  ensure 
independent evaluation of this report.  

The  Commission  shall  convene  a  meeting  of  the  monitoring  panel  with  the 
authorities responsible for the implementation of the programmes of the cities which 
have been designated as European Capitals of Culture no later than six months before 
the event is due to begin in order to evaluate the preparation of the event, particularly 
concerning the European added value of the programme.  

The  monitoring  panel  shall  issue  a  final  monitoring  report  on  the  state  of  the 
preparations for the event, and the steps still to be taken, in line with the objectives 
and criteria of the action and the recommendations laid down in the reports referred 
to in article 7(2) third subparagraph and in article 9(2), fourth subparagraph.  

This final monitoring report shall be transmitted to the Commission and to the cities 
and  Member  States  concerned  not  later  that  one  month  after  the  final  monitoring 
meeting. It shall be published on the internet site of the Commission.  

Article 11 
Prize 

On the basis of the report referred to in Article 10(2), second subparagraph, the Commission 
may award a prize to each of the designated cities provided that their programmes meet the 
criteria of the action and the recommendations issued by the panels during the selection and 
monitoring process as referred to in Articles 9 and 10. This prize shall reward the quality of 
the programme in accordance with the objectives of the programme as specified in Article 3.  

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Article 12 
Evaluation 

Each year the Commission shall ensure external and independent evaluation of the results of 
the European Capital of Culture event of the previous year in accordance with the objectives 
and criteria of the action laid down in this decision. 

A report on that evaluation shall be presented by the Commission to the European Parliament, 
the Council and the Committee of the Regions. 

Article 13 
Repeal 

Decision 1419/1999/EC as modified by Decision 649/2005/CE is hereby repealed. 

Article 14  
Transitional provisions 

1. 

2. 

The  cities  designated  as  European  Capitals  of  Culture  for  2010  on  the  basis  of 
Decision 1419/1999/EC as modified by Decision 649/2005/CE shall be submitted to 
the  monitoring  process  laid  down  in  Articles  9  and  10  of  this  Decision.  The 
Commission may award a prize to the designated cities on the basis of Article 11 of 
this Decision. 

By  way  of  derogation  to  Article  4  to  8,  the  nominations  for  European  Capitals  of 
Culture  concerning  the  years  2011  and  2012  shall  be  governed  by  the  following 
decision procedure: 

1)  Cities in Member States shall be designated as European Capital of Culture, in 

turn, as set out on the list contained in Annex.  

2) 

3) 

4) 

5) 

Each Member State shall submit, in turn, its nomination of one or more cities 
to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the Committee 
of the Regions. 

This nomination shall be submitted no later than four years before the event in 
question is due to begin and may be accompanied by a recommendation from 
the Member State concerned. 

The  Commission  shall  each  year  form  a  selection  panel  which  shall  issue  a 
report  on  the  nomination  or  nominations  judged  against  the  objectives  and 
characteristics of this action.  

The  selection  panel  shall  be  composed  of  seven  leading  independent 
personalities  who  are  experts  on  the  cultural  sector,  of  whom  two  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  European  Parliament,  two  by  the  Council,  two  by  the 
Commission and one by the Committee of the Regions.  

6) 

The  selection  panel  shall  submit  its  report  to  the  Commission,  the  European 
Parliament and the Council. 

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7) 

8) 

The  European  Parliament  may  forward  an  opinion  to  the  Commission  on  the 
nomination  or  nominations  not  later  than  three  months  after  receipt  of  the 
report. 

The Council,  acting on a recommendation from  the  Commission drawn  up in 
the light of the opinion of the European Parliament and of the selection panel's 
report, shall officially designate  the city  in question  as  a European Capital of 
Culture for the year for which it has been nominated. 

9) 

The  nomination  shall  include  a  cultural  programme  based  on  the  criteria  laid 
down in Article 3.  

Article 15 
Entry into force 

This Decision shall apply from 1st January 2007. 

Date and place  

For the European Parliament 
The President 

For the Council 
The President

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ANNEX  

Order of entitlement to nominate a “European Capital of Culture”  

2007 
2008 
2009 
2010 
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  

Luxembourg 
United Kingdom 
Austria 
Germany 
Finland 
Portugal 
France 
Sweden 
Belgium 
Spain 
Denmark 
Netherlands 
Italy 

Lithuania 
Hungary 
Estonia 
Slovenia 
Slovakia 
Latvia 
Czech Republic 
Poland 
Cyprus 
Malta 

EN 

14 

   EN