European Parliament resolution on science and technology — Guidelines for future European Union policy to support research (2004/2150(INI))
Date: 2005-03-10
Institutions: European Parliament
Subjects: EU programme, EU research policy, basic research, research and development, research staff, scientific cooperation, scientific exchange, technology transfer

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5.
Urges the Commission to finalise the action plan for Lebanon, addressing all the questions concerning
the political stability of the country, the consolidation of its democratic institutions and the speeding-up of
the reconstruction process;

6. Warmly welcomes the positive developments in the Middle East region in recent weeks, including
revitalisation of the negotiation process between Israel and Palestine, and calls on Syria not to tolerate any
form of terrorism, including support for the operations of Hezbollah and other armed groups;

Considers that clear evidence exists of terrorist activities on the part of Hezbollah and that the Council

7.
should take all necessary steps to curtail them;

8.
Considers it important, to that end, that a direct dialogue be re-established between Syria and Israel
with a view to ensuring peace and security for those countries and guaranteeing their sovereignty and
integrity, in compliance with United Nations Security Council resolutions;

9.
Calls on Syria to fully cooperate with the European Union in the framework of the European Neigh-
bourhood Policy to ensure peace and stability in the region; recalls the great significance of implementing
Resolution 1559 affirming the international community's support for Lebanon's territorial integrity, sover-
eignty and independence; calls on Syria to refrain from all interference in Lebanon's internal affairs; notes
the decision to withdraw Syrian forces before the end of March, but calls for the complete withdrawal of
Syrian troops and of its intelligence services from Lebanon, as indicated in the resolutions of the United
Nations Security Council; considers that the conclusion of the Association Agreement with Syria and further
development of the European Neighbourhood Policy towards that country will be possible only on the basis
of a clear commitment by Syria in that regard;

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and Commission and to the Govern-

10.
ment and Parliament of Lebanon.

P6_TA(2005)0077

Guidelines for future European Union policy to support research

European Parliament resolution on science and technology — Guidelines for future European Union
policy to support research (2004/2150(INI))

The European Parliament,

— having regard to the Commission's Communication ‘Science and technology, the key to Europe's future

— Guidelines for future European Union policy to support research’ (COM(2004)0353),

— having regard to the Presidency's conclusions on future European policy to support research endorsed
by a substantial majority of the delegations at the Competitiveness Council meeting of 25/26 Nov-
ember 2004 (1),

— having regard to Decision No 1513/2002/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 June
2002 concerning the sixth framework programme of the European Community for research, tech-
nological development and demonstration activities, contributing to the creation of the European
Research Area and to innovation (2002 to 2006) (2),

— having regard to the Commission's action plan aimed at increasing investment in research (COM(2003)

0226),

— having regard to its resolution of 18 November 2003 on investing in research: an action plan for

Europe (3),

(1) Council of the European Union, 26/11/2004 (English) — 14687/04 (Press: 323).
(2) OJ L 232, 29.8.2002, p. 1.
(3) OJ C 87 E, 7.4.2004, p. 60.

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— having regard to its resolution of 1 April 2004 on the International Conference for Renewable Energies
(Bonn, June 2004) (1), in which it stresses the need to increase support for R & D and innovation in
renewable energies and to disseminate and promote the results to all sectors of society,

— having regard to the Commission's communications on women and science, on the role of universities
in the Europe of knowledge, on a mobility strategy for the European Research Area and on the careers
of European researchers, on basic research, on nanotechnology, on security research, and on the
regional dimension of the European Research Area (COM(1999)0076, COM(2003)0058, COM(2001)
0331, COM(2003)0436, COM(2004)0009, COM(2004)0338, COM(2004)0590, COM(2001)0549),

— having regard to the Commission's Communications on the Union's financial perspectives for the

period 2007 — 2013 (COM(2004)0101, COM(2004)0487),

— having regard to the report of the European Research Council Expert Group chaired by Mr Federico

Mayor (2),

— having regard to the ‘Evaluation of the effectiveness of the New Instruments of Framework Programme

VI’, Report of a High-Level Expert Panel chaired by Professor Ramon Marimon (3),

— having regard to the report on the Lisbon Strategy by the High-Level Group chaired by Mr Wim Kok (4),

— having regard to the report on the five year assessment of research and technology development in

information society technologies, prepared by the panel chaired by Mr J.M. Gago (5),

— having regard to the Commission's communication on the challenges for the European information

society beyond 2005 (COM(2004)0757),

— having regard to the environmental technologies action plan, which recognised that ‘investing in
research, from both public and private sources, is vital for the EU economy, including eco-industries’
(COM(2004)0038),

— having regard to the Commission's communication on the share of renewable energy in the EU, in
which it accepts that it is ‘necessary to … accelerate the pace of public support for research, tech-
nological development and demonstration in renewables … in Europe’ (COM(2004)0366),

— having regard to the Commission's proposals for a Directive and two Recommendations on the
admission of third-country nationals to carry out scientific research in the European Community
(COM(2004)0178),

— having regard to the report compiled by a Commission Inter-Service Group on Technology Platforms (6),

— having regard to the preparatory work towards a new version of the Innovation Action Plan, and to the
ongoing consultations with a view to a framework programme for competitiveness and innovation,

— having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

— having regard to the report of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (A6-0046/2005),

Whereas:

A. progress in the establishment of the European Research Area (ERA) is a first step in the implementation
of the Lisbon strategy, including both the sixth framework programme (FP6) and other research, tech-
nological development and demonstration (RTD) policy initiatives, which created a new dynamic for
research and defined new instruments to establish the ERA,

(1) OJ C 103 E, 29.4.2004, p. 838.
(2) http://www.ercexpertgroup.org/documents/ercexpertgroup_final_report.pdf
(3) http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/instruments_review/
(4) http://europa.eu.int/comm/councils/bx20041105/kok_report_en.pdf
(5) http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/information_society/evaluation/pdf/5_y_a/ist_5ya_final_140105.pdf
(6)

ftp://ftp.cordis.lu/pub/technology-platforms/docs/tp_report_defweb_en.pdf

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B.

C.

the Commission acted consistently by attributing primary importance to research and innovation in its
proposals for the EU's new financial perspectives, as well as when it made the proposal to double the
budget for the seventh framework programme (FP7); and whereas some Member States which are net
contributors have called for the Community budget to be cut to no more than 1 % of the Union's GDP,
and the 2007-2013 financial perspective has to be consistent with the Commission proposal to double
the budget for FP7,

the Kok report has identified ‘increasing Europe's attractiveness for researchers and scientists’ and ‘mak-
ing R & D a top priority’ among the policy areas requiring urgent action and as being essential require-
ments for achieving the Lisbon goals, and has also identified the need to adopt a holistic approach in
order to ensure the development and uptake of information and communication technologies (ICT),

D.

the Marimon report endorses the FP6 instruments and underlines the necessity of continuity in the
planning of research programmes, but proposes a series of corrective measures,

E.

F.

the Court of Auditors' special report No 1/2004 on the management of indirect RTD actions under FP5
noted that the rules of participation in the European RTD framework programmes are too complex,
and this has presented serious problems, especially for small organisations with less developed adminis-
trative structures,

basic research is crucial for successful innovation and the long-term competitiveness of the European
Union, and a lengthy debate has been ongoing at European level during the past two years on the need
for a structure (European Research Council) to support at European level basic research in all scientific
fields enjoying scientific autonomy,

G.

it is estimated that the EU needs 700 000 new, adequately skilled researchers by 2010 if the target of
3 % of GDP investment in R & D is to be reached; and whereas the successful Marie Curie Programme
has a particularly important role to play in supporting researchers,

H. high-speed, high-capacity electronic communication networks and other ICT tools and infrastructures
are changing the way researchers communicate, cooperate and innovate, and it is necessary to provide
continuous and adequate Community support to research network infrastructures within the GEANT
project,

I.

J.

it is necessary to improve framework conditions for private research, since two thirds of the investment
in research needed to reach the 3 % target should come from the business sector,

it is necessary to create new enthusiasm among young people for science and to promote scientific
careers with special attention paid to fostering the participation of women,

K. mobility of researchers within the EU, as well as two-way mobility between the EU and third countries,
public and private research centres, universities and industry, and between different business sectors is
an essential element for the creation of new knowledge, innovation and sustainable development,

L.

low- and medium-technology small- and micro-scale enterprises, including traditional businesses, have a
considerable reserve of hidden potential for innovation, technology transfer, and research and devel-
opment that as yet has not been sufficiently tapped, but should be fostered in accordance with the
spirit of, and the guidelines set out in, the European Charter for Small Enterprises,

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M. better connections between the world of research and industry, especially SMEs, should be pursued, in
particular by supporting local networks linking the business community and academic institutions;
whereas an intensive discussion is under way on the establishment of European technology initiatives,
and implementation of the Community patent is a condition precedent to achieving a successful Euro-
pean research policy,

N.

O.

an effort must be made towards supporting a more efficient research and innovation policy by giving
consideration to flanking policies such as the completion of the internal market, and the establishment
of an intellectual property regime which seeks a balance between protection and competition, gives
better access for SMEs and promotes private and public sector investment in new technologies and
content,

the competitiveness problem of the European economy arises partly from the existence of a ‘paradox’
between the generation of scientific knowledge, (which is abundantly present in the EU) and the insuf-
ficient ability to convert this knowledge into innovation and in particular into production; whereas the
involvement of industry in allocating the priorities for financial support may improve this situation,
and therefore an effort needs to be made towards involving industry, and improving the position of
SMEs in FP7,

P.

in order to stop the current marginalisation of SMEs, it would be advisable to explore the potential of
new specifically tailored modes of supporting their role in innovation, including:

— simplified funding and management rules, in particular for small ‘fund once and evaluate at the

end’ actions,

— support for thematic regional clusters and their European networking, paying attention to the need
for the largest part of allocated funding to be earmarked for innovative SMEs (limits on the share
allocated to clustering/networking organisations),

Q. better coordination should be pursued between the research budget, Structural Funds and all others

public and private funding sources at EU, national and regional level,

Europe deserves better

1.
Underlines the new competences in the area of research (Articles. III 248-255) conferred on the EU by
the Constitution for Europe, notably for achieving an ERA; calls upon the Commission to act consistently
with this new legal framework;

2.
Stresses that research and knowledge have high prestige in the EU, but that European research organi-
sations and businesses are not having enough success in exploiting good ideas and insights and converting
them into profitable initiatives which make a contribution to employment; this situation may be improved
by adapting research agendas to take account of social issues and the need for technological innovation;

3.
Endorses the broad guidelines for future EU research policy presented in the Commission communi-
cation; stresses that the ERA will be possible only if an increasing proportion of funding for research is
allocated by the Union with a view to coordinating European, national, and regional research policies more
closely as regards both their substance and their funding, and if this funding is additional to research policy
in and between the Member States; expects the Commission and the Member States to follow through on
the Kok report's highlighting of the role of research in achieving the Lisbon goals by providing the necessary
political impetus and financial resources in FP7;

4.
Calls for the same determination that was manifested in pursuit of the single market and monetary
union to be applied by all Member States and EU institutions to building the ERA; the 7th EU Research
Framework Programme must be more than simply ‘another Framework Programme’ but significantly
enriched and revamped in order to help achieve the Lisbon objectives;

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5.
Firmly believes that making Europe more competitive requires greater financial means for research and
innovation, taking into account the new EU competences in the field of research and the enlargement to 25
and soon more Member States; calls for at least a doubling of the percentage represented by the FP budget
in the EU Member States' GDP and urges Member States to regard this as a minimum not be questioned
during the negotiations on the financial perspectives; asks the Commission to plan FP7 in line with its
proposal for the financial perspectives for 2007-2013 and to defend the proposal for the EU budget to be
set firmly above 1 % of GDP;

Calls on those Member States which are eligible for Structural Funds to utilise a significant part of

6.
these resources to eliminate their disadvantages in the field of research;

7.
Calls upon Member States to make all necessary efforts to meet their respective national targets for
R and D investment, which they themselves set at the Barcelona European Council; considers that R & D
investment in the EU should reach 3 % of GDP by 2010, and in particular that national public R & D
budgets should be raised to the levels required by that target; calls on the Commission to monitor com-
pliance by Member States with their commitments, especially by those Member States which fall below the
European average;

Underlines the need for the participation of the regions and regional authorities in order to increase
8.
investment in research and innovation, especially by implementing regional research and innovation stra-
tegies in the context of the 3 % objective (Barcelona European Council of March 2002), calls for consider-
ation of the regional dimension of research when defining activities falling within FP7 and calls on Member
States to eliminate the obstacles which still exist when border regions from one or more countries coop-
erate in the field of research and innovation, and thus work towards a genuine ERA;

Underlines the importance of developing centres of excellence at European universities in various
9.
disciplines of science and research; takes the view that this can be achieved by increasing public funding
from Member States and the EU and with additional EU funding following students studying at universities
that attract citizens from other Member States;

10.
Stresses that the Member States should take great care to ensure that EU research funding never
becomes a substitute for national funding, but that both forms of funding together should lead to growth
in overall funding; notes that there currently exist in the Member States several nationally important
research projects which do not necessarily qualify for funding from EU resources;

Believes that FP7 could be used as a tool to address the ‘European paradox’ whereby the quality and
11.
quantity of European public research is by and large excellent, yet the translation of research results into
commercially viable products and services lags behind the US and Japan;

Calls for the duration of FPs to be synchronised with the duration of financial perspectives, if and
12.
when the financial perspectives are agreed upon every five years thereby overlapping with each Parliament-
ary term, for a better coordination of the Commission's planning activities; provision should be made for a
rolling programme system, including a mid-term review, in order to allow a readjustment of objectives when
and if needed, together with procedures to enable the European Parliament to deliver an opinion on such
readjustments;

13.
Is convinced of the need for continuity between FP6 and FP7 and at the same time welcomes the
improvements suggested in the Marimon report, especially those regarding the need for simpler and clearer
administrative procedures, including clear and better focused calls for tender, reducing the large number of
different contract models and introducing a simplified cost system, and of the need to avoid any pre-deter-
mined critical mass; believes in particular that a two-step evaluation procedure should be widespread, in
order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost for participants, in particular for SMEs and local auth-
orities;

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Recommends that budget transparency requires a precise reporting on what share of funding goes to

14.
various types of participants, including a better distinction of size of companies;

Takes the view that international cooperation in the field of research must be strengthened, primarily,
15.
in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy, with the EU's neighbours, such as the Mediterranean
and Balkan countries, Russia and the Newly Independent States, and within accession negotiations, but also
with the ACP countries;

Believes that FP7 should require a continuous assessment of the scientific quality of its results and be

16.
able to adapt its themes and procedures accordingly;

Recalls that several of the EU's competitors give more generous public support to long-term research
17.
projects than does the EU; is concerned about the possibility that the EU's rules on State aid will prevent
such long-term research from being carried out; fears that the EU may lose its competitiveness in the long
term if long-term research and basic research are not adequately funded; calls on the Commission to review
immediately the current rules governing State aid in cases where the potential economic benefits of research
projects may be seen only in the long term;

18. Maintains that the regions must be involved in the investment effort if the 3 % target is to be met as
laid down at the Barcelona European Council in 2002; welcomes the fact that regional research and inno-
vation strategies have been put in place to help achieve that goal and hopes that they will be encouraged;
calls for the regional dimension of research to be taken into account when determining the activities to be
pursued under FP7;

Basic research and the European Research Council

19.
Calls for the swift establishment of the European Research Council (ERC), in accordance with the
Commission's proposal and the suggestion included in the Mayor and Kok reports, but asks the Commis-
sion to evaluate that body together with existing bodies (Joint Research Centre, Research DG and others) in
order to avoid overlapping;

Firmly believes that the ERC should support basic research in all scientific fields at European level on
20.
the basis of scientific excellence, conferring a European added value through Europe-wide competition and
promotion of creativity at the highest level;

Considers it essential that the ERC be adequately funded and independent in its scientific assessments,
21.
while financially accountable to its fund-providers but autonomous in its operations and selection of
research projects; asks the Commission to provide a scheme of the additional financial measures necessary
to implement the ERC inside the FP7 budget with a clearly earmarked amount reserved for administration;
considers that funding for national programmes should not be reduced as a result of European support;
strongly recommends that the ERC should not increase red tape and slow down the evaluation of proposals;

22.
Suggests that the ERC should be governed by a board and a scientific committee, made up of high-
level scientists from different scientific areas, plus representatives of business and industry, e.g. by involving
the technology platforms; a world-wide network of peer reviewers should be set up for the evaluation of
proposals; the governing bodies and the network of reviewers should be gender balanced; the selection
criteria for both the board and the scientific committee must be based on excellence and expertise in
order to maintain transparency and ensure that the ERC enjoys the widest possible respect; considers that
the ERC, following a brief transitional period, should be established pursuant to Article 171 of the EC
Treaty; considers that the participation rules of FP7 should take account of this guideline;

Human resources

23.
Calls on the European institutions and Member States to consider as a priority the promotion of
women's access and career advancement in the field of research, including by means of affirmative action;
proposes the launching of European initiatives aimed at removing cultural stereotypes and barriers which
discourage women from following a scientific education path;

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Encourages Member States to reassess their education systems with a view to a greater take-up of

24.
science in schools and universities, and to support students intending to pursue careers in this area;

Thursday 10 March 2005

25.
Firmly believes that the successful Marie Curie Programme, which has been welcomed by applicants,
should be continued with the existing instruments and ought also to ensure that top-level international
scientists, including those of the younger generation, will opt for European research work; recognises the
success of the Marie Curie actions and recommends a substantial increase in funding for them;

26.
Firmly believes that, both at Member State and EU level, conditions must be created for improving
the mobility of researchers at all career levels, making mobility a ‘mass phenomenon’, both for the lower
levels of non-tenure-track academic careers, as well as the tenure-track levels, including two-way mobility
between industry, universities and research centres and between different business sectors; considers har-
monisation of researchers' careers and working conditions at EU level to be a key step forward in making
mobility of researchers a pillar of the ERA; in this respect, a major improvement would be the setting of
clear common standards at EU level for access to academic careers, and thus the awarding of a ‘European
qualification’ that would allow researchers to be hired by the universities and research centres of the
Member States;

Calls for the mutual recognition of Member States' doctoral diplomas in order to remove obstacles to

27.
the mobility of researchers and scientists and consolidate a single European research area in the EU;

28.
Stresses that providing world-class research buildings, facilities and infrastructures is a vital prerequi-
site for making European science and research centres attractive to the world's best researchers and achiev-
ing world-class excellence in research output, and therefore supports the Commission's proposal to allocate
funds for this purpose; calls for the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) to be
given a stronger role in setting a European infrastructure policy;

29.
Urges European universities, research establishments and research-orientated companies to loosen up
their career structures and hierarchies so as to provide their young and most innovative scientists with
incentives, including access to major financial rewards in the form of spin-offs and other forms of enhanced
compensation;

Technology transfer

Believes that technological innovation must be given particular attention in FP7; considers it essential

30.
that European research policy be coordinated with the corresponding enterprise and industrial policy;

31. Welcomes the proposal of European ‘technology platforms’ and Joint Technology Initiatives as tools
to implement the strategic research and development agendas in specific technology areas; underlines the
importance of technology platforms as a significant mechanism to bring together industry, research organi-
sations, local institutions and other stakeholders, and stresses the need for measures to facilitate the par-
ticipation of SMEs;

32.

Believes that research should be connected to policy priorities in order to ensure coherence;

33.
Strongly recommends that resources for instruments such as STREP (specific targeted research pro-
jects) and cooperative research (formerly CRAFT) and collective research expressly addressed to SMEs, as
well as their accessibility, should be increased, the criteria for the admission of projects rendered more
flexible, and projects given a greater and fairer chance of success; encourages Member States to adopt fiscal
and other incentives for promoting industrial innovation, including links with Eureka, especially with refer-

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ence to SMEs; recommends the provision of subsidies to SMEs for obtaining patent licences; calls on the
Commission to consider allocating a proportion of each thematic budget for fixed-sum grants to micro- and
small enterprises as seedcorn risk investment subject to simplified streamlined selection processes and mini-
mal administration thereafter;

Calls on the Commission to support the development of technology platforms and ‘socially moti-
34.
vated research platforms’ to develop socially motivated research consortia around major challenges in the
societal sphere in Europe, i.e. common demographic changes in Europe and challenges in the environmental
field;

35.

Supports the streamlining of bureaucracy in this programme, particularly in relation to SMEs;

36.
Calls, in the interest of promoting innovation, for a pre-determined, substantial proportion of the
funds for ‘collaborative research’, which makes up the most important part of FP7, to be reserved for
cooperation between SMEs and research institutions;

37.
Calls on the European institutions and Member States to promote, including with the involvement of
local and regional authorities and other appropriate institutions, the establishment of regional technology
incubators and, by means of their public financial instruments (EIF, Structural Funds, regional funds), to
encourage the use of private risk capital (leverage effect) for the purpose of establishing regional risk capital
funds (primarily venture-capital funds), which — as public-private risk funds operated in close cooperation
with technology incubators — are an essential prerequisite for the effective financing of new high-techno-
logy projects devised by start-up entrepreneurs;

Calls on the Commission to pay particular attention to the situation of industrial research, because

38.
this research accounts for a large proportion of the total resources spent on research;

Calls on the Commission to come forward with provisions on establishing a quick scanning system

39.
for SMEs which would enable them to rapidly assess the probability of funding for research projects;

Strongly recommends that the FP should promote the formation of scientific clusters and regional

40.
networks, with the involvement of SMEs, and should support existing initiatives in the Member States;

41.
Firmly believes that there should be made a more efficient and coordinated use of other funding
mechanisms and support mechanisms (EIB, Structural Funds, national public and private funds and Eureka)
to support R and D and innovation; therefore recommends that Member States, in cooperation with the
regions, create a link between national operational programmes for Objective 2 of the Structural Policy
and projects applying for funds from the FP;

Calls on the Commission, in submitting FP7, to clarify the concept of European Added Value, and in
42.
particular to provide for research fields whose objectives — which should be evident to people in all
Member States — can be achieved preferably through joint European projects;

Advocates enhanced cooperation between national research programmes; calls on the Commission to

43.
take initiatives pursuant to Article 169 of the EC Treaty;

Calls on the Commission to conclude agreements with industry so as to stimulate research in stra-

44.
tegic areas;

Thematic priorities

45.
Believes that the definition of thematic priorities, to be included in the forthcoming decision of the
European Parliament and the Council on FP7, should reflect the strategic priorities of the Lisbon agenda;
moreover, it should be the result of an active debate among European, national and regional institutions, the
scientific community and civil society stakeholders including the business sector;

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46.
Considers that FP7 should build on the scope of the research areas within FP6, so as to maintain
continuity; however priority should be given to key areas of science and technology which play a crucial
role in increasing European competitiveness, creating new jobs and improving the well-being of citizens. In
this respect, while agreeing to the inclusion of space research and the relatively new area of security
research, believes that FP7 should adequately support research in the areas of:

(a)

life sciences (including biotechnology, neuroscience and preventive and public health),

(b) all existing and future non-CO2-emitting energy sources (particularly renewable energy and energy effi-

ciency),

(c)

ICT,

(d) nanotechnology, new materials and production processes,

(e)

chemistry;

Believes that, in order to cope with the growing worldwide environmental dangers, it is essential that

47.
European research policy strongly promotes R & D in the field of natural hazards;

Considers that the EU should ensure financing of currently underfunded research on illnesses that

48.
affect citizens of developing countries;

Considers that FP7 should also support R & D in highly innovative areas of slower-growing scientific

49.
disciplines and economic sectors;

Stresses the need for the European Union to take specific actions to bring science closer to the
issues, which

50.
citizen, for example by opening public debates on important scientific and technological
should be reflected in European research policy and in the forthcoming FP;

51.
Calls on the Commission to show a proper concern for animal protection firstly by supporting alter-
natives to animal testing and secondly by reducing to a minimum the number of animal tests in the projects
it finances;

Considers that greater consideration should be given in the FP to inter-disciplinary research, in order

52.
to provide new impulses and lines of thought;

*

*

*

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission, as well as to the

53.
Governments and Parliaments of the Member States and candidate countries.

P6_TA(2005)0078

Financing Natura 2000

European Parliament resolution on Financing Natura 2000 (2004/2164(INI))

The European Parliament,

— having regard to the communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament

— Financing Natura 2000 (COM(2004)0431),

— having regard to the Convention on Biological Diversity,

— having regard to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (1)

(‘the Birds Directive’),

(1) OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1.