Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Court of Auditors, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Tempus report 2002 and 2003
Date: 2005-02-10
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: CIS countries, Central and Eastern Europe, EU programme, Mediterranean third countries, higher education, report

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 10.02.2005 
COM(2005) 26 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS, THE ECONOMIC AND 
SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

Tempus report 2002 and 2003 

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REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN 
PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS, THE ECONOMIC AND 
SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

Tempus report 2002 and 2003 

1. 

FOREWORD 

The Tempus Programme focuses on the development of the higher education systems in the Partner 
Countries  through  co-operation  with  institutions  from  the  Member  States  of  the  European  Union. 
Higher  education  institutions  are  of  particular  importance  for  the  social  and  economic  transition 
process  as  well  as  for  inter-cultural  dialogue;  they  are  also  pools  of  expertise  and  of  human 
resources and provide for the training of new generations of leaders. 

A detailed description of the Tempus programme can be found at the following URL: 

http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/programmes/tempus/index_en.html 

The implementation of the programme in 2002 and 2003 was marked by the pursuit of the process 
of programme implementation reform, the successful launch and consolidation of the programme in 
the  MEDA  region,  the  introduction  of  a  new  type  of  project  (Structural  and  Complementary 
Measures); and the final evaluation of Tempus II and the interim evaluation of Tempus III. These 
developments were launched in 2002 and materialised in 2003. For this reason the annual reports 
for 2002 and 2003 have been merged into a single document. 

2. 

THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH AND CONSOLIDATION OF TEMPUS-MEDA 

In June 2002 the Tempus programme was extended to the Mediterranean Partners1 with a view to 
reinforcing  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Partnership  and  as  part  of  a  wider  strategy  to  strengthen 
dialogue  between  peoples  and  cultures  in  the  European  Union  and  around  the  Mediterranean. 
Eligible  for  funding  under  the  programme  are  Algeria,  Egypt,  Jordan,  Lebanon,  Morocco,  the 
Palestinian  Authority,  Syria  and  Tunisia.  Israel’s  participation  in  the  programme  is  possible  on  a 
self-funding basis only. 

To prepare for the first deadline for applications (15 December 2002), the Commission carried out 
missions  to  the  MEDA  Partners,  discussing  start-up  measures  with  the  national  authorities  and 
providing  information  to  potential  applicants.  In  spite  of  the  short  time  between  the  formal 
extension  of  the  programme  and  the  deadline  for  applications,  there  were  a  good  number  of 
proposals  and  projects  selected  (in  2003),  which  proved  the  preparedness  and  interest  among  EU 
and MEDA countries’ institutions for co-operation in higher education.  

The one exception to the relatively good level of participation from partner countries is Algeria, for 
reasons  connected  with  the  period  of  unrest  the  country  has  gone  through  and  its  impact  on 

1 

Council Decision of 27 June 2002 amending Decision 1999/311/EC 

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international co-operation. By the end of 2003, however, the number of applications concerning that 
country had risen sharply. 

Starting  in  2002  and  continuing  throughout  2003,  the  Commission  assisted  the  MEDA  Partner 
Countries  in  establishing  National  Tempus  Offices  (NTOs).  As  in  the  CARDS  and  TACIS 
countries,  these  offices  act  as  reference  points,  providing  information,  and  helping  participating 
institutions  in  Partner  Countries  as  well  as  facilitating  co-operation  with  the  EU  Member  States. 
Negotiations  with  the  national  authorities  led  to  the  establishment  of  NTOs  in  Egypt,  Jordan, 
Lebanon,  Morocco,  Syria  and  Tunisia.  An  NTO  is  also  operational  in  Algeria.  The  Ministries  of 
Higher  Education  in  the  MEDA  Partner  Countries  were  also  involved  in  the  identification  of 
national priorities for publication in the new Guide for Applicants. 

In October 2003 a major conference was organised in Alexandria, Egypt to mark the launching of 
Tempus  in  the  Mediterranean  Region.  More  than  300  representatives  of  higher  education 
institutions from Europe and the Mediterranean Partners attended. The Conference underlined the 
importance  of  educational  co-operation  and  intercultural  dialogue  between  Europe  and  its 
Mediterranean Neighbours. 

3. 

IMPLEMENTATION OF TEMPUS IN THE CARDS AND TACIS REGIONS 

Over  the  years  Tempus  has  become  well  established  in  the  Western  Balkans  as  well  as  Eastern 
Europe,  Southern  Caucasus  and  Central  Asia.  Dialogue  with  national  authorities  and  information 
missions  took  place  throughout  the  year.  The  main  developments  in  the  period  covered  by  this 
report concern the establishment of NTOs. 

In  the  Western  Balkans,  a  Local  Tempus  Office  in  Kosovo2,  as  an  independent  branch  under  the 
supervision of the same international expert in charge of the National Tempus Office in Belgrade, 
was set up. This was a challenging process, but resulted in an agreement under the auspices of the 
UN authority in Kosovo. 

In Russia, in close collaboration with the Russian authorities and following a selection process, the 
Centre for Vocational Training was chosen to become the National Tempus Office.  

A  Tempus  Office  was  set  up  in  Ukraine,  and  is  hosted  by  the  Delegation  of  the  European 
Commission. 

In Central Asia the Commission reinforced the dialogue with the countries concerned by including 
the Directors of the Coordination Units and the Ministers of Education. It was agreed to increase the 
dissemination of information on the programme in the region. It is worth noting that, following a 
long period when the implementation of Tempus in Tajikistan had been interrupted, it resumed in 
2003.  

4. 

FINAL EVALUATION OF TEMPUS II AND INTERIM EVALUATION OF TEMPUS III 

In 2002 the Commission launched a call for tender regarding the interim evaluation of the current 
phase of the programme and in parallel an impact evaluation of Tempus II. The work was carried 

2 

As defined by the UN Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999 

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out  by  an  external  contractor  over  most  of  2003.  From  a  methodological  point  of  view,  the  main 
sources  of  data  for  the  analysis  of  the  second  phase  of  the  programme  were  surveys,  reports  by 
independent experts and workshops held with stakeholders involved in Tempus. The main findings 
of the final evaluation on Tempus II may be summarised as follows: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Tempus had a major indirect influence on convergence of higher education systems in the 
Partner Countries with those in Member States through legislative changes; 

Tempus had a major indirect influence on the adaptation of the higher education systems to 
the changing socio-economic needs in the Partner Countries; 

Tempus had a major direct influence on the introduction of reforms in Higher Education 
Institutions; 

Tempus had a major direct impact on curriculum development but a weaker influence on 
university management. 

The findings confirm the relevance of the second phase of the Tempus Programme for the higher 
education  system  reform  in  the  Partner  Countries.  They  likewise  confirm  that  the  reorientation 
initiated by the Council Decisions on Tempus II contributed substantially to this increased impact. 

The  purpose  of  the  Tempus  III  mid-term  evaluation,  as  defined  in  the  terms  of  reference,  was  to 
assess  the  design  and  implementation  of  Tempus  III  in  the  light  of  the  changing  socio-economic 
situation  of  the  Partner  Countries  and  lessons  drawn  from  the  previous  phases,  with  a  view  to 
possible  proposals  for  continuation  of  the  programme  after  2006.  The  same  methodological 
approach was followed as for the Tempus  II final  evaluation.  The  main  findings  on  the  mid-term 
evaluation of Tempus III may be summarised as follows: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Design and management of the programme are perceived as satisfactory; 

The Tempus multilateral co-operation approach offers a significant European added value 
compared with bilateral assistance from Member States; 

The dialogue on national priorities should be reinforced; 

Result dissemination should be reinforced. 

The Commission will use the results of these two evaluations for any necessary reorientation of the 
programme in its current phase and as a basis for proposals to carry forward the achievements of 
Tempus actions after 2006. 

5. 

STRUCTURAL MEASURES - REINFORCING THE TOP-DOWN APPROACH 

In 2003 the Commission launched the Structural and Complementary Measures (SCMs), contained 
in  the  Annex  to  the  Tempus  decision.  The  main  purpose  of  these  measures  is  to  provide  a 
framework for targeted action with a view to increasing the programme’s impact on the reform of 
higher education in Partner Countries. 

Structural  and  Complementary  Measures  are  closely  linked  to  national  priorities,  introducing  a 
strong top-down approach and allowing support for a wide range of activities. The first deadline for 

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applications was 15 October 2003. The results will be analysed in the Tempus Annual Report for 
2004.  

6. 

THE REFORM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEMPUS III 

In  2002,  the  Commission  undertook  a  thorough  review  of  the  implementation  of  the  programme 
with  the  aim  of  simplifying  it  and  making  it  more  user-friendly.  In  addition  to  changes  in 
implementation the Commission reviewed the timing of the selection process in order to adapt it to 
the  timing  of  the  programming  exercise  under  the  CARDS  and  TACIS  programmes  (from  which 
the programme draws its funding, alongside MEDA). 

A  reform  of  the  project  cycle  was  implemented  in  2002  aimed  at  streamlining  and  updating  the 
procedures.  It  consisted  mainly  of  a  detailed  review  of  basic  documents  such  as  the  Guide  for 
Applicants, and the simplification of grant agreements and of procedures (the selection process was 
shortened  considerably  to  reduce  it  to  a  maximum  of  six  months  between  the  deadline  for 
applications and the final award decision). 

7. 

PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION 

In 2002 the Commission published a report entitled ‘Tempus @ 10 – A Decade of University Co-
operation” which looked at the overall achievements of the programme in the candidate countries 
between 1990 and 2000. Another study was launched in 2002 focussing on the impact Tempus had 
in  targeting  higher  education  in  the  context  of  the  EU  accession  process.  The  study,  which 
addresses university reforms in management and teaching as well as support for institution building 
projects  in  Hungary,  Poland,  Bulgaria  and  Romania,  was  finalised  and  published  on  the  Tempus 
website in 2003.  

A  report  entitled  ‘Tempus  in  the  Western  Balkans’  was  published  in  2002  and  is  based  on  the 
outcomes of three regional Tempus conferences which took place late 2000 and throughout 2001 in 
Sarajevo, Skopje and Tirana. The report provides a summary of the conference proceedings and the 
conclusions  reached  by  the  participants  on  topics  such  as  higher  education  management,  higher 
education  and  society,  and  regional  co-operation  and  networking.  Many  of  the  conclusions  were 
then fed back into the programme developments for the region and were reflected in the new Guide 
for Applicants. 

Throughout 2003 the Commission participated in a series of Tempus Information Days taking place 
in Partner Countries as well as in Member States. 

8. 

2002- 2003 SELECTION 

Detailed selection and financial information is provided in the Annex to this report. 

9. 

MONITORING 

Ongoing  monitoring  of  running  projects  focussed  on  the  reporting  obligations,  by  assessing  the 
performance  of  the  project  in  terms  of  progress  and/or  outcomes.  In  addition,  a  field  monitoring 
campaign  was  organised  and  carried  out  by  external  monitors.  A  total  of  1,149  payments  were 

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issued for current Tempus projects following the approval and assessment of project reports (a total 
of 255 reports). Furthermore, support and advice was given to several hundred project consortia. 

Organised  by  the  European  Commission,  training  on  the  use  of  grants  agreements  (preventive 
monitoring)  for  approximately  200  project  representatives  from  newly  selected  CARDS,  TACIS 
and MEDA Joint European Projects was provided at a meeting held in Rome in September 2003. 

On  the  spot  project  monitoring  also  took  place,  in  combination  with  information  days  in  Partner 
Countries. 

10. 

CONCLUSION 

Clearly, the two parallel processes of reform and extension have given Tempus renewed vigour and 
potential.  This  is  combined  with  a  highly  positive  evaluation  of  the  programme.  There  will  now 
follow a period of consolidation. There is will clearly be a continued central role for the programme 
in the new geo-political circumstances of an enlarging European Union. 

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JEP (1) 
IMG 

NTO 

ETF (3)  

Other  

Total 

Committed 
2003 
2002 
2003 
2002 
2003 
2002 
2003 
2002 
2003 
2002 (1) 
2003 

CARDS 
15.171.728,66 € 
184.518,00 € 
367.090,00 € 
486.395,00 € 
450.185,00 € 
700.000,00 € 
475.000,00 € 
- 
110.876,18 € 
1.370.913,00 € 
16.574.879,84 € 

ANNEX 

Financial overview 

MEDA 
13.225.199,49 € 
- 
530.900,00 € 
0,00 € 
188.035,00 € 
0,00 € 
550.000,00 € 
-  
386.834,65 € 
- 
14.880.969,14 € 

TACIS 
21.391.229,71 €(2) 
216.227,00 € 
687.140,00 € 
238.697,00 € 
217.442,00 € 
840.000,00 € 
675.000,00 € 
-  
163.592,25 € 
1.294.924,00 € 
23.134.403,96 € 

(1) The Annual Report 2001 included the amounts corresponding to JEPs selected in 2002 and therefore they are not included in the present report. 

(2) The total funding for projects selected in 2003 was 22.385.129,71 €. However only 21.391.229,71 € was committed; 993.900 € corresponding to 
projects involving Belarusian institutions was not committed because a financing agreement with Belarus has not been signed. 

(3) The European Training Foundation (Tempus Department) provides Technical Assistance for the implementation of the programme. 

JEP selection 

The tables below reflect the selections carried out in June 2003, following the call for proposals launched in 2002 (deadline 15 December 2002). 

Multi-country  projects  involve  more  than  one  partner  country..  For  each  partner  country,  the  number  of  multi-country  applications  indicates  the 
number of applications in which institutions from this country are involved.  

Total committed includes the amount committed for national projects as well as the amount committed on a pro-rata basis to cover the participation of 
a partner country’s institution/s in multi-country projects.  

Type of JEP - CD: Curriculum development; TCIB: Training Courses for Institution Building; MP: Multiplier Project; UM: University Management. 

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Tempus – CARDS 

Partner Country 

National/ Multi-
country Projects 

Total Received 
Applications 

Total Funded 
Applications 

Success Rate

Total committed (per 
country) 

THE FORMER 
YUGOSLAV 
REPUBLIC OF 
MACEDONIA 

ALBANIA 

BOSNIA AND 
HERZEGOVINA 

CROATIA 

KOSOVO 

SERBIA & 
MONTENEGRO 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

11 

23 

9 

11 

10 

24 

16 

21 

2 

6 

30 

32 

7 

1 

4 

2 

5 

- 

9 

2 

1 

3 

9 

2 

63.6 % 

4.3 % 

44.4 % 

18.2 % 

50.0 % 

0 % 

56.3 % 

9.5 % 

50.0 % 

50.0 % 

30.0 % 

6.3 % 

2.571.784,10 € 

1.788.452,50 € 

2.184.838,80 € 

3.702.750,60 € 

954.235,64 € 

3.969.667,02 € 

Type of JEP 

CD 

MP 

TCIB 

UM 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

- 

7 

2 

1 

2 

7 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

1 

2 

1 

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Tempus – MEDA 

Partner Country 

National (N)/ Multi-
country(MC) Projects 

Total Received 
Applications 

Total Funded 
Applications 

Success Rate

Total committed (per 
country) 

ALGERIA 

EGYPT 

JORDAN 

LEBANON 

MAROCCO 

National projects  

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

PALESTINE 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

SYRIA 

TUNISIA 

3 

7 

49 

7 

7 

5 

5 

11 

18 

15 

4 

9 

7 

9 

Multi-country projects 

14 

- 

3 

10 

2 

3 

3 

2 

3 

7 

2 

2 

4 

3 

2 

4 

0 % 

42.9 % 

20.4 % 

28.6 % 

42.9 % 

60.0 % 

40.0 % 

27.3 % 

38.9 % 

13.3 % 

327.211,08 € 

4.157.659,72 € 

1.329.017,12 € 

920.465,72 € 

3.186.204,87 € 

50.0 % 

208.247,14 € 

44.4 % 

42.9 % 

22.2 % 

28.6 % 

1.729.823,12 € 

1.366.570,72 € 

Type of JEP 

CD 

MP 

TCIB 

UM 

- 

2 

7 

1 

3 

2 

2 

2 

4 

1 

2 

4 

2 

2 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

1 

- 

1 

- 

1 

1 

1 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

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Tempus – TACIS 

Partner Country 

National/ Multi-
country Projects 

Total Received 
Applications 

Total Funded 
Applications 

Success Rate

Total committed 
(per country) 

Type of JEP 

CD 

MP 

TCIB 

UM 

National projects 

11 

ARMENIA 

AZERBAIJAN 

BELARUS 

GEORGIA 

KAZAKHSTAN 

KYRGYZSTAN 

MONGOLIA 

MOLDOVA 

RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION 

TURKMENISTAN 

UKRAINE 

UZBEKISTAN 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

National projects 

Multi-country projects 

6 

8 

3 

2 

3 

9 

5 

4 

5 

2 

8 

7 

2 

13 

3 

105 

24 

8 

1 

48 

12 

14 

7 

- 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

- 

2 

2 

1 

3 

1 

- 

50.0 % 

25.0 % 

66.7 % 

50.0 % 

33.3 % 

11.1 % 

60.0 % 

25.0 % 

20.0 % 

- 

25.0 % 

28.6 % 

50.0 % 

23.1 % 

33.3 % 

465.692,39 € 

774.145,00 € 

596.300,00 € 

646.099,61 € 

366.257,00 € 

432.216,77 € 

780.476,77 € 

921.569,14 € 

18 

17.1 % 

8.196.851,26 € 

4 

3 

1 

16.7 % 

37.5 % 

100.0 % 

1.194.150,00 € 

12 

25.0 % 

5.825.375,00 € 

2 

4 

3 

16.7 % 

28.6 % 

42.9 % 

2.185.996,77 € 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

1 

2 

- 

2 

- 

12 

- 

1 

1 

6 

- 

2 

2 

- 

3 

1 

2 

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

1 

1 

- 

2 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

- 

3 

1 

2 

- 

The table below indicates the number of applications received and funded according to the Member State of the applicant higher education institution.

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Member State 

Total Received 
Applications 

Total Funded 
Applications 

Success Rate 

Type of JEP 

CD 

MP 

TCIB 

UM 

AUSTRIA 

BELGIUM 

GERMANY 

DENMARK 

SPAIN 

FRANCE 

FINLAND 

GREECE 

ITALY 

IRELAND 

NETHERLANDS 

PORTUGAL 

SWEDEN 

UNITED 
KINGDOM 

86 

81 

200 

30 

117 

164 

52 

63 

154 

10 

62 

25 

47 

143 

27 

29 

48 

4 

38 

51 

17 

14 

42 

6 

21 

6 

7 

35 

31.4 % 

35.8 % 

24.0 % 

13.3 % 

32.5 % 

31.1 % 

32.7 % 

22.2 % 

27.3 % 

60.0 % 

33.9 % 

24.0 % 

14.9 % 

24.5 % 

18 

21 

27 

3 

28 

34 

11 

10 

25 

3 

11 

5 

5 

21 

2 

2 

4 

- 

- 

3 

1 

- 

2 

- 

3 

- 

- 

5 

3 

4 

4 

- 

4 

8 

2 

2 

7 

1 

2 

- 

2 

3 

4 

2 

13 

1 

6 

6 

3 

2 

8 

2 

5 

1 

- 

6 

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Individual Mobility Grants (IMG) Selection 

The tables below are the result of selections held in 2002 and 2003.  

IMG Tempus – CARDS 

Partner Country 

Total Received Applications 

Total Funded Applications 

Success Rate 

Total committed (per country) 

THE FORMER 
YUGOSLAV 
REPUBLIC OF 
MACEDONIA 

ALBANIA 

BOSNIA & 
HERZEGOVINA 

CROATIA 

KOSOVO 

SERBIA & 
MONTENEGRO 

59 

103 

28 

22 

1 

62 

42 

48 

14 

11 

2 

29 

78.0 % 

51.5 % 

46.4 % 

63.6 % 

- 

62.9 % 

IMG Tempus – MEDA 

151.640,00 € 

235.542,00 € 

54.280,00 € 

25.236,00 € 

3.800,00 € 

81.110,00 € 

Partner Country 

Total Received Applications Total Funded Applications 

Success Rate 

Total contracted (per 
country) 

ALGERIA 

EGYPT 

JORDAN 

LEBANON 

MAROCCO 

PALESTINE 

SYRIA 

TUNISIA 

91 

78 

13 

67 

46 

17 

108 

29 

15 

46 

4 

27 

15 

14 

22 

13 

30.8 % 

71.8 % 

30.8 % 

61.2 % 

52.2 % 

94.1 % 

28.7 % 

55.2 % 

60.400,00 € 

128.500,00 € 

21.300,00 € 

83.800,00 € 

32.900,00 € 

47.800,00 € 

95.500,00 € 

31.800,00 € 

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IMG Tempus – TACIS 

Partner Country 

Total Received Applications

Total Funded Applications 

Success Rate 

Total committed (per 
country) 

ARMENIA 

AZERBAIJAN 

BELARUS 

GEORGIA 

KAZAKHSTAN 

KYRGYZSTAN 

MONGOLIA 

MOLDOVA 

RUSSIAN FEDERATION 

TURKMENISTAN 

UKRAINE 

UZBEKISTAN 

44 

8 

29 

40 

15 

31 

26 

33 

165 

10 

64 

110 

19 

3 

16 

14 

4 

14 

13 

14 

111 

10 

40 

32 

45.5 % 

75.0 % 

58.6 % 

47.5 % 

26.7 % 

54.8 % 

53.8 % 

72.7 % 

75.8 % 

70.0 % 

68.8 % 

35.5 % 

53.806,00 € 

5.440,00 € 

49.580,00 € 

36.520,00 € 

9.500,00 € 

47.380,00 € 

49.950,00 € 

41.800,00 € 

336.900,00 

32.800,00 € 

107.100,00 € 

136.991,00 € 

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