Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the results of the final evaluation of the EU Drugs Strategy and Action Plan on Drugs (2000-2004)
Date: 2004-10-22
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU police cooperation, action programme, drug addiction, drug traffic, fight against crime, judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the EU, project evaluation

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 22.10.2004 
COM(2004)707 final 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 

on the results of the final evaluation of the EU Drugs Strategy and Action Plan on Drugs 
(2000-2004) 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
  
1. 

THE EU DRUGS STRATEGY AND THE EU ACTION PLAN ON DRUGS (2000-2004) 

In  1999,  the  Commission  presented  a  Communication  on  a  European  Union  Action  Plan  to 
Combat  Drugs  (2000  –  2004)1.  Based  on  this  the  Helsinki  European  Council  endorsed  the  EU 
Strategy  on  Drugs  for  2000-20042.  The  Strategy  calls  for  a  multidisciplinary  and  integrated 
approach to drugs where drug demand and supply reduction are seen as equally important and 
mutually reinforcing parts of a balanced strategy.  

In  June  2000,  the  Feira  European  Council  adopted  the  EU  Action  Plan  on  Drugs  2000-20043. 
This  Action  Plan  translated  the  EU  Drugs  Strategy  into  approximately  one  hundred  concrete 
actions to be taken by the Member States, the Commission, the European Monitoring Centre for 
Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and Europol. 

The Action Plan states that the Commission should organise appropriate evaluations at mid-term 
and upon completion of the EU Drugs Strategy 2000-2004. In November 2002 the Commission 
presented a Communication on the mid-term evaluation4. 

This Communication presents the results of the final evaluation and lays the foundation for the 
future evolution of EU drugs policy on the basis of the lessons learnt from the implementation of 
current policy. 

2. 

AIM AND PROCESS OF THE FINAL EVALUATION  

2.1. 

Aim  

The aim of the final evaluation is to assess the level of achievement of the activities set out in the 
Action Plan, to assess the extent to which this meets the objectives of the Drugs Strategy and to 
assess  the  impact  of  both  the  Drugs  Strategy  and  the  Action  Plan  on  the  drug  situation  in  the 
European Union. 

Drug  policy  impact  evaluation  is  still  developing  and  the  lack  of  precise  and  quantifiable 
operational  objectives  in  the  present  Drugs  Strategy  and  Action  Plan  does  not  make  the  task 
simple. However, the process of impact evaluation and of defining key indicators and tools that 
in the future may serve as quality standards for adopting new strategies and policies has started. 

2.2. 

Process 

This evaluation commenced in April 2003 with the establishment of a steering group (comprised 
of  representatives  of  the  Commission,  the  four  Member  States  having  the  Presidency  during 
2003-2004, the EMCDDA and Europol) to oversee and provide guidance in relation to the final 

1 
2 
3 
4 

COM (1999) 239 final of 26.5.1999 
Cordrogue 64 Rev 3, 12555/3/99, 1.12.1999 
Cordrogue 32, 9283/00, 7.6.2000 
COM (2002) 599 final, 4.11.2002 

EN 

2 

   EN 

 
                                                 
evaluation. This group has met on four occasions to determine the evaluation tools and methods 
and to monitor the process. 

In  November  2003  a  questionnaire  was  sent  to  the  then  Member  States5  to  obtain  details  of 
actions in the Action Plan implemented by them (Annex 1). A similar follow up table was sent to 
the relevant Commission services, the EMCDDA and Europol (Annex 2).  

A  series  of  thematic  papers  were  prepared  by  the  EMCDDA  and  the  Commission  focusing  on 
particular  aspects  of  the  drugs  issue6.  The  EMCDDA  together  with  Europol  developed  a 
statistical snapshot which contains core data on the drugs situation in 1999 and in 2002-20037.  

A Eurobarometer survey was carried out in April/May 2004 on the attitudes/perceptions of young 
people  to  drugs8.  The  main  results  obtained  are  compared  with  the  results  of  a  similar  survey 
conducted in 2002. In addition, the final report on Law enforcement and its role in fighting drug 
trafficking9, the implementation plans regarding the supply of synthetic drugs10 and on demand 
and supply reduction11, the report approved by the Council on progress in their implementation12 
and other initiatives taken (Annex 3) were taken into account. 

The data taken from the various sources was analysed to highlight the main achievements over 
the period and to highlight areas where further progress is needed. It was also used to assess the 
level of achievement of the activities set out in the Action Plan and to assess the extent to which 
achievement of the Action Plan met the objectives of the Drugs Strategy. The statistical snapshot 
provides the basis for the assessment of the impact of the Drug Strategy and Action Plan on the 
drug  situation.  The  data  provided  for  the  final  evaluation  ranges  over  the  period  1999  to  June 
2004.  

3. 

MAIN  ACHIEVEMENTS  AND  AREAS  WHERE  FURTHER  PROGRESS  IS 
NEEDED 

3.1. 

Coordination 

Achievements at national level 

•  Since 1999,  more developed national drugs strategies have been adopted  by Member  States. 

Most of them cover the entire range of drug-related activities. 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 

 Unless otherwise indicated, references to the Member States are to the former 15 Member States 
The papers are available on www.emcdda.eu.int or on www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home and 
www.europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs 
Available on www.emcdda.eu.int 
See www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home 
Crimorg 43 Rev 3, 9615/3/03 
Cordrogue 81 Rev 2, 12452/2/02 
Cordrogue 40, Rev 2, 8926/2/03 
Cordrogue 43, 10481/04  

EN 

3 

   EN 

 
                                                 
•  The  awareness  among  Member  States  of  the  need  of  a  multidisciplinary  coordination  in  the 
field of drugs has increased. All Member States acknowledge that it is an essential element of 
drugs policy, even if there is no single definition of the term ‘coordination’.  

Areas where further progress is needed at national level 

•  National  drugs  coordination  needs  to  be  extended  to  all  areas  of  drugs  policy,  including 

regular consultation with civil society.  

•  More prior coordination at national level (e.g. between public health, justice and home affairs, 
external relations and budget authorities) would be helpful to delegations in articulating their 
positions within the Council. 

Achievements at EU level 

•  Since the adoption of the Action Plan, meetings of the national drugs coordinators have taken 

place twice a year. 

•  The  Commission  issued  a  Communication  on  drugs  coordination  in  2003.  A  paper  with  the 

views of the Horizontal Drugs Group on the Communication has been discussed. 

Areas where further progress is needed at EU level 

•  Adequate  follow-up  of  the  Commission  Communication  on  drugs  coordination  has  to  be 
ensured. The meetings of the national coordinators should be more focused on specific issues. 

•  The  Commission  should  strengthen  and  streamline  its  internal  coordination  mechanisms:  a 
more visible and operational coordination of all the services involved in the drugs dossier is 
required. Its structural links with the EMCDDA should continue. 

•  There is no clear division of responsibilities among the Council working groups dealing with 
drug issues. The Horizontal Drugs Group should have overall responsibility for co-ordination 
of the work of the different groups on drug issues.  

•  Civil society has not been regularly consulted in the formulation of EU policy on drugs and 
such consultation should become a regular feature. This will be the subject of a Commission 
Communication in 2005. 

3.2. 

Information and evaluation 

Achievements at national level 

•  The  availability  and  the  quality  of  the  data  on  the  drug  situation  have  improved  in  most 
Member States, as has the political support necessary for specific information and evaluation 
activities. 

EN 

4 

   EN 

 
•  All  Member  States  have  agreed  to  apply  the  five  key  epidemiological  indicators13  and  to 

provide comparable and consolidated data. 

•  Some Member States have progressed on the development of tools for the regular assessment 

of the effectiveness of their actions in the field of drugs.  

Areas where further progress is needed at national level 

•  The  systematic  monitoring  of  the  implementation  of  national  drugs  strategies/action  plans 
should  be  improved.  Progress  is  also  needed  to  ensure  regular  assessment  of  their 
implementation. 

•  Member  States  should  pursue  efforts  towards  full  implementation  of  the  epidemiological 

indicators. 

•  The provision of information on public expenditure in the field of drugs and the analysis of the 

cost-effectiveness ratio of policies need further improvement.  

Achievements at EU level 

•  The availability and quality of data and information on the drug situation have been improved 

mainly through the work of the EMCDDA and the National Focal Points. 

•  The final evaluation process has led to the development of key methodological tools and the 
creation  of  a  steering  group  which  could  provide  a  framework  for  future  evaluations  of  EU 
drugs policies. 

•  The exchange of information on emerging trends in drug use has improved, partly, as a result 
of  the  establishment  of  an  early  warning  system  in  the  framework  of  the  Joint  Action  on 
synthetic drugs.14  

Areas where further progress is needed at EU level 

•  There is a lack on information on drug related crime and more work needs to be done on the 
appropriate  indicators,  taking  into  account  the  work  of  the  EMCDDA  and  Europol  in  this 
field. 

•  Mechanisms  for  monitoring  emerging  trends  in  drug  use  should  be  improved.  Research  on 

such trends should be further developed. 

13 

14 

1. The extent  and pattern of  drug use in the general population 2. The prevalence of problem drug use 3. 
The  demand  for  treatment  by  drug  users  4.  The  number  of  drug-related  deaths  and  the  mortality  of  drug 
users and 5. The rates of drug-related infectious diseases.  
OJ L 167, 25.06.1997, p. 1 

EN 

5 

   EN 

 
                                                 
3.3. 

Demand reduction  

Achievements at national level 

•  The awareness of the need to take preventive actions starting from an early age is clear for all 
Member States. They have created global prevention programmes involving relevant experts 
and civil society. 

•  Specific prevention projects aimed at tackling poly-drug use and the abuse of licit and illicit 
substances  are  increasingly  implemented.  Information  campaigns  are  increasingly  directed 
towards target groups and address risk behaviour and addiction in general.  

•  Most Member States have increased the funding for and the availability of treatment services 

and diversified the range of treatment options.  

•  In all Member States more attention is being paid to drug-using offenders as illustrated by the 
increase  in  community-based  alternatives  to  incarceration  and  the  greater  availability  of 
prison-based psychosocial and health interventions.  

•  All Member States have undertaken research into the effects of driving under the influence of 

illicit drugs and medication and some of them have introduced stricter control measures. 

Areas where further progress is needed at national level 

•  More  regular  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  measures  to  reduce  health-related  harm 

associated with drug dependence and of treatment measures should be carried out. 

•  Member  States  should  create  recognised  qualifications  for  professionals  in  the areas of  drug 

prevention and reduction of health-related harm associated with drug dependence.  

Achievements at EU level 

•  The Council adopted a number of resolutions on drug prevention issues (cf. Annexe 3). 

•  The Programme of Community Action on the Prevention of Drug Dependence (1996-2002)15 
and  the  New  Public  Health  Programme  (2003-2008)16  have  provided  co-funding  for  drug 
prevention projects. Treatment is an emerging issue. 

•  A Council Recommendation on the prevention and reduction of health-related harm associated 

with drug dependence was adopted in 200317. 

15 
16 
17 

 OJ L 19, 22.1.1997, p. 25 
OJ L 271, 9.10.2002, p. 1 
OJ L 165, 03.07.2003, p. 31 

EN 

6 

   EN 

 
                                                 
•  A  European  Community  road  safety  action  programme18  and  a  Council  Resolution  on 
combating the impact of psychoactive substances use on road accidents19 have been adopted. 
Both take into account the effects of alcohol, drugs and medicines on driving.  

Areas where further progress is needed at EU level 

•  The  EU  should  promote  further  research  on  the  biomedical,  psychosocial  and  other  factors 
behind  drug  use  and  addiction,  especially  in  areas,  where  such  research  is  still  limited  (e.g. 
long term use of cannabis or synthetic drugs).  

•  The  dissemination  of  reliable  and  high  quality  information  and  best  practices  should  be 

improved. 

•  The  Commission  will  follow  up  on  the  key  points  of  the  2003  Council  Recommendation 

mentioned above. 

3.4. 

Supply Reduction 

Achievements at national level 

•  Within  most  Member  States  co-operation  between  law  enforcement  agencies  has  been 
improved  through  the  establishment/reinforcement  of  structures  and  activities  such  as  joint 
police/customs teams, joint enforcement operations and memoranda of understanding. 

•  More  Member  States  now  seem  to  be  able  to  operate  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
Article 17 (Illicit Traffic by Sea) of the 1988 UN Convention against illicit traffic in narcotic 
drugs and psychotropic substances. 

•  All  Member  States  have  transposed  into  national  law  the  first  money  laundering  Directive20 
and 11 have transposed its amending Directive21. In addition Member States have introduced 
new  measures  to  reduce  money  laundering  such  as  powers  to  oppose  transactions  and 
increased powers for the control of travellers who import large sums of money. 

•  10 Member States have transposed the provisions of the Council Framework Decision on joint 
investigation teams22 and/or have ratified the EU Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance in 
Criminal Matters23 or have indicated that legislation in place already enables the setting up of 
such teams. 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

COM(2003)311 final 
Cordrogue 97, 13.11.2003 
Directive 91/308/EEC, 0J L166, 28.06.1991, p. 77-83 
Directive 2001/97/CE , OJ L 344, 28.12.2001, p. 76 
OJ L 162, 20.06.2002, p.1 
OJ C 197, 12.07.2000, p. 1 

EN 

7 

   EN 

 
                                                 
•  10  Member  States  have  ratified  the  Convention  on  mutual  assistance  and  co-operation 
between customs administrations (Naples II)24. 14 Member States have ratified the Convention 
on the use of information technology for customs purposes (CIS)25. 

Areas where further progress is needed at national level 

•  Those Member States which do not report having formal structures for co-operation between 
their national law enforcement agencies should consider establishing such formal structures as 
appropriate. 

•  Member States should ensure that they have the necessary procedures in place to enable them 
to  operate  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Article  17  of  the  1988  UN  Convention  and 
should consider the establishment of a guide regarding its implementation.  

•  Member  States  which  have  not  done  so  should  transpose  the  second  money  laundering 
Directive26, the Council Framework Decision on joint investigation teams and/or ratify the EU 
Convention  on  Mutual  Legal  Assistance  in  Criminal  Matters  and  ratify  the  Naples  II 
Convention and the CIS Convention. 

Achievements at EU level 

•  Co-operation between law enforcement agencies at EU level has been improved through the 
establishment/reinforcement of structures, the activities of Europol and Eurojust and activities 
such as joint investigations, joint customs operations, maritime co-operation, joint teams, and 
police and customs co-operation centres. 

•  A number of EU projects (e.g. CASE, EELS and EILCS) aimed at identifying the production 

and trafficking of synthetic drugs have been established and are ongoing.  

•  Since 2000, five substances have been made subject to EU wide control measures on the basis 

of the Joint Action on synthetic drugs.  

•  EU  financing  programmes  such  as  AGIS27  have  played  a  significant  role  in  facilitating  co-

operation between the Member States’ law enforcement authorities.  

•  Political  agreement  has  been  reached  on  the  Council  Framework  Decision  laying  down 
minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of 
illicit drug trafficking28. Its formal adoption is expected shortly. 

24 
25 
26 
27 
28 

OJ C 24, 23.01.1998, p. 2 
OJ C 316, 27.11.95, p. 34 
Cf. footnote 21 
OJ L 203, 01.08.2002, p. 5 
COM (2001) 259 final 

EN 

8 

   EN 

 
                                                 
•  A  Regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the  Council  on  drug  precursors  (intra-
Community  trade)  has  been  adopted.29  A  proposal  for  a  Council  Regulation  on  the  external 
trade in drug precursors 30 has been presented by the Commission.  

•  OLAF has facilitated an important exchange of information relating to the risk of diversion of 

precursors and continues to support the Yachtinfo and Marinfo systems. 

•  The  further  development  of  a  permanent  Operational  Co-ordination  Unit  to  support  Joint 

Customs Operations is under discussion. 

•  The Commission has adopted a proposal for a third Directive on money laundering31. 

•  The  adoption  of  the  Council  Decision32  on  the  exchange  of  information  between  Financial 

Intelligence Units (FIUs) has provided a better framework for cooperation. 

•  A  number  of  Member  States  are  involved  in  discussions  with  regard  to  forming  joint  teams 
and  giving  their  police  and  judicial  authorities  additional,  far-reaching  powers  to  operate  on 
each other’s territories. 

Areas where further progress is needed at EU level 

•  Member States should establish joint investigation teams to deal with drug trafficking between 

them, as provided for in the Council Framework Decision and the Convention. 

•  Further developing joint operations between law enforcement agencies of the Member States 
should be discussed. The establishment and results of these operations should be reported to 
the Council and the Commission.  

•  Further  developments  in  operations  to  tackle  the  production  in  and  trafficking  of  synthetic 
drugs should be explored. The suggestions for mapping distribution networks presented by the 
Commission could be a useful starting point in this process. 

•  The  Council  Recommendation  on  the  alignment  of  law  enforcement  drug  and  diverted 

precursors statistics should be fully implemented33. 

•  The third Directive on money laundering should be adopted by the European Parliament and 

the Council as soon as possible. 

29 
30 
31 
32 
33 

OJ L 47, 18.02.2004, p. 1 
COM (2004) 244 final 
COM (2004) 448, 30.06.04 
OJ L 271, 24.10.2000, p. 4 
Stup 26, 30.10.2001, Stup 29, 13.11.01 

EN 

9 

   EN 

 
                                                 
3.5. 

Enlargement 

Although enlargement did not take place until eight months before the end of the period covered 
by the Drugs Strategy, drugs initiatives form part of the EU acquis. All new Member States and 
two  of  the  candidate  countries  have  responded  on  a  voluntary  basis  to  the  Commission 
questionnaire34. A summary of this data will be included in a separate report. 

Achievements  

•  The  PHARE  programme  and  other  relevant  Community  programmes  have  been  especially 
useful in familiarising the new Member States and candidate countries with the drugs elements 
of the acquis.  

•  Almost all Member States have provided assistance to the new Member States in their efforts 
to deal with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Member States have provided similar assistance 
to the candidate countries. 

•  All  the  new  Member  States  have  transposed  the  drugs  elements  of  the  acquis  into  their 

national legislation and the candidate countries are in the process of doing so. 

•  The  JHA  Chapter  of  the  acquis  has  been  provisionally  closed  for  Bulgaria  and  negotiations 

with Romania are progressing. 

•  The  agreements  with  Bulgaria,  Romania  and  Turkey  for  participation  in  the  work  of  the 

EMCDDA have been initialled. 

Areas where further progress is needed  

•  There should be close co-operation with the new Member States and candidate countries in the 

implementation of the drugs elements of the acquis. 

•  The new Member States should make full use of the AGIS and other relevant programmes to 

facilitate co-operation with other Member States.  

•  The agreements with three candidate countries to enable them to participate in the work of the 

EMCDDA should enter into force as soon as possible  

•  The  PHARE  programme  and  other  Community  programmes  should  continue  to  provide 

assistance to the candidate countries in the drugs field. 

34 

See Section 2.2 

EN 

10 

   EN 

 
                                                 
3.6. 

International cooperation 

Achievements at national level 

•  Member  States  provide  drug-related  assistance  to  third  countries  on  a  bilateral  basis  and/or 

through the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 

•  A  number  of  Member  States  co-operate  with  third  countries  to  develop  and  improve  anti 

money laundering systems. 

Areas where further progress is needed at national level 

•  All Member States should systematically feed the database created by the Commission on the 

technical assistance projects in candidate and third countries in the field of drugs. 

•  Member  States  should  regularly  inform  the  Council  and  the  Commission  of  their  bilateral 

activities in third countries and regions. 

Achievements at EU level 

•  The Commission is concentrating its efforts on the two main trafficking routes to the EU. 

•  The Commission has kept the Council regularly informed of its drug-related assistance in third 
countries/regions  and  of  the  improved  integrated  process  through  which  it  finances  drug 
projects in third countries/regions. 

•  In  the  context  of  the  European  Neighbourhood  Policy,  Action  Plans  with  a  number  of 
countries are under discussion. These plans normally include a section dealing with drugs. 

•  All relevant Community and EU external agreements contain specific provisions on drugs.  

Areas where further progress is needed at EU level 

•  The Member States and the Commission should continue to ensure coordinated EU positions 
in  international  fora  dealing  with  the  drugs  issue,  in  particular  the  UN  Commission  on 
Narcotic Drugs. 

•  Member  States and  the Commission  should  continue to  link the  drug-related assistance  they 
provide to Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and the Western Balkan countries to 
the  drugs  action  plans  adopted  with  these  regions.  In  this  regard  an  appropriate  funding 
mechanism might be considered.  

•  There is a need to ensure a link between the adoption of new EU drugs action plans for various 

regions of the world and the allocation of resources for their implementation.  

•  Member State drugs experts should continue to participate actively in emphasising drug issues 
when  Country/Regional  programming  documents  are  being  developed/reviewed.  Better  co-

EN 

11 

   EN 

 
ordination should exist between the Geographical Working Parties and the Horizontal Drugs 
Group.  

•  New emergencies and trends in drug use and production in specific countries/regions should 

be monitored and taken into consideration.  

•  The existing mechanisms for international co-ordination in the drugs field, such as the Dublin 

Group, should be fully utilised. 

4. 

CONCLUSIONS  

I. Assessment of the level of achievement of the activities set out in the Action Plan 

•  Around  95  per  cent  of  the  actions  set  out  in  the  EU  Action  Plan  on  Drugs  have  been 

implemented or are in some stage of being implemented. 

•  The EU Drugs Strategy and Action Plan have been taken as a central reference point for action 
and have provided a framework for drug-related  activities and initiatives at national and EU 
level.  

•  Almost all Member States have adopted a national drugs strategy or action plan. Among the 
elements in these national drugs strategies and action plans, there are common patterns with 
the EU approach, as outlined in the EU Drugs Strategy and Action Plan. 

II. Assessment of the extent to which achievement of the Action Plan met the objectives of 
the Drugs Strategy 

•  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  implementation  of  the  actions  in  the  Action  Plan  has 
contributed to the achievement, to a greater or lesser extent, of the 11 aims of the EU Drugs 
Strategy. 

III. Assessment of the impact on the drug situation 

•  To some extent at least, progress has been made in achieving some of the targets of the EU 

Drugs Strategy (Target 2 and, in particular, Target 3)35.  

•  Based upon the evaluation tools, no strong evidence exists to support the contention that the 
goal of Target 1 to significantly reduce drug use prevalence has been achieved or that fewer 
young people are using drugs. However, the snapshot data suggests that overall a levelling off 
in  the  upward  trend  in  drug  use  prevalence  may  be  seen,  even  though  it  is  at  what  may  be 
considered as historically high levels.  

35 

For  further  exploration  see  the  snapshot  and  the  thematic  paper  “Main  lessons  from  investigation  of 
evaluation in the drug policy field in the European Union” on the EMCDDA’s website. 

EN 

12 

   EN 

 
                                                 
•  Similarly,  the  available  information  does  not  suggest  that  the  availability  of  drugs  has  been 
reduced substantially (Target 4). At the same time, Targets 4 and 5 taken together have been a 
catalyst for a number of EU level initiatives that have strengthened law enforcement measures 
against drug trafficking and supply.  

•  A number of important initiatives have also been taken to combat money laundering (Target 
6.1). With regard to Target 6.2, Member States participate in a number of important initiatives 
to  combat  the  diversion  of  precursors,  such  as  the  European  Joint  Unit  on  Precursors. 
Important  proposals  have  been  brought  forward  to  amend  the  Community  legislation  in  the 
field of the control of trade in precursors. 

5. 

PROPOSALS 

•  The future EU Drugs Strategy should contain clear and precise objectives and priorities that 
can  be  translated  into  operational  indicators  and  actions  in  the  future  Action  Plans,  with 
responsibility and deadlines for their implementation clearly defined. Information systems and 
evaluation  tools  should  be  taken  into  consideration  when  setting  these  objectives  and 
priorities. 

•  Continued  progress  should  be  made  in  the  availability,  quality  and  comparability  of 

information on monitoring the drugs situation.  

•  The Commission will bring forward a proposal in the beginning of 2005 for an Action Plan on 
Drugs 2005-2008. In addition, the Commission will draw up an annual progress review on the 
implementation  of  this  action  plan  and  will  organise  an  impact  assessment  in  2008,  with  a 
view to proposing a second Action Plan for the period 2009-2012. During 2009-2012, annual 
progress reviews will continue to be drawn up by the Commission. In 2012 the Commission 
will  organise  an  overall  evaluation  of  the  EU  Drugs  Strategy  and  Action  Plans  that  will  be 
presented to the Council and the European Parliament.  

•  The objectives of the new Drugs Strategy and Action Plans should be reflected in the Multi-

annual Programme consolidating the area of freedom, security and justice. 

•  The primary focus of the work of the Council’s Horizontal Drugs Group should be on moving 
forward  and  monitoring  the  implementation  of  the  actions  set  out  in  the  future  EU  Action 
Plans on Drugs, as well as having a leading role in co-ordinating the work of the other Council 
groups on drug issues. 

•  There  are  many  interesting  and  useful  activities  in  the  drugs  field  being  implemented.  The 
results  of  these  activities  should  be  more  widely  shared  to  promote  similar  activities 
elsewhere. In this context, consideration should be given to having an annual seminar on an 
aspect of drugs policy linked to these activities.  

•  This final evaluation should be taken into account in the development of the new EU Drugs 

Strategy 2005-2012. 

EN 

13 

   EN 

 
ANNEX 1  

Summary of 15 Member States responses to the questionnaire on the implementation of the 
EU Action Plan on Drugs (2000-2004) 

1. Co-ordination 

1.2.2 What steps has your country taken towards the establishment or the strengthening of 
the national co-ordination mechanisms since 1999? Has your country appointed a National 
Drugs Co-ordinator in the related period? Does your country envisage carrying out or has 
your country carried out an evaluation of the co-ordination mechanisms?  

All Member States recognise the importance of coordinating the activities of the multiple actors 
involved  in  the  drugs  issue.  They  report  to  have  mechanisms  in  place  for  coordinating  their 
national drugs policies. Member States have adopted different models of coordination, depending 
on  their  national  administrative  structures  and  on  the  aspects  of  the  fight  against  drugs  they 
intend to focus on; some have interdepartmental committees, some have appointed national drug 
coordinators  (e.g.  France,  Germany,  Luxembourg,  Portugal,  Italy,  Spain  and  Sweden)  and/or 
established dedicated coordination units or bodies (e.g. Austria, Greece, Ireland, Finland). Some, 
however,  lack  coordination  mechanisms  that  cover  all  aspects.  Few  Member  States  provide  for 
evaluation of their coordination mechanisms. 

1.2.4 In what way has your country ensured a balanced and multidisciplinary approach in 
national drugs programmes and policies and their implementation? 

The importance of  maintaining a multidisciplinary and balanced approach is clearly recognised 
by  all  Member  States.  Most  have  adopted  a  national  plan  or  strategy  on  drugs  (Belgium 
Denmark, Greece, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and the UK).  

1.3.2  Has  your  country  developed  a  specific  strategy  for  co-operation  with  civil  society 
regarding drug abuse? Please give details.  

Most  Member  States  make  provisions  for  involving  civil  society  in  the  fields  of  prevention, 
health care and treatment, mainly at local level. Most of them also consult civil society on an ad 
hoc  basis,  e.g.  for  specific  projects.  Many  Member  States  mention  financial  support  for 
community groups and organisations as a way of cooperating with civil society.  

Some  countries  (Germany,  Greece,  Ireland,  and  Sweden)  have  more  regular  contacts  with  the 
networks  of  NGOs,  the  voluntary  sector,  associations,  etc.  These  countries  recognise  the 
importance  of  linking  policy  making  and  practice  through  dialogue  with  civil  society,  but  also 
refer to the supporting work done by these organisations to influence public opinion. 

1.4.2.  In  which  way  has  your  country  encouraged  the  provision  of  funding  for  the 
prevention of drug use, the prevention of drug related crime, the reduction of the negative 
health and social consequences of drugs and other proactive measures? 

EN 

14 

   EN 

 
Public expenditure on prevention and risk reduction programmes and measures are different from 
one  country  to  another  depending  on  the  national  administrative  structure,  ministerial  budgets 
and social security systems. Some Member States (Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, and 
United Kingdom) indicate an increase of funding for drug-demand reduction. 

1.5  In  which  way  has  your  country  shared  information  with  other  Member  States  on 
national strategies and action plans? Has your country made use of the EMCDDA database 
on  drug  laws,  the  Falcone  and  OISIN  programmes  or  any  other  tools  for  information 
exchange and operational co-operation? Please describe.  

Member States consider other national measures, strategies and action plans as useful examples 
for  orienting  their  own  national  debate.  Very  often  information  exchange  is  made  via  bilateral 
contacts  and  visits.  The  Horizontal  Drugs  Group  and  the  meetings  of  the  national  coordinators 
are recognised as important occasions to share information and views. 

All Member States acknowledge the importance of learning from the others and quote internet as 
an  important  source  of  information.  Most  of  them  report  regular  input  and  consultation  of  the 
EMCDDA databases (EDDRA, ELDD).  

As  far  as  law  enforcement  information  sharing  is  concerned,  most  Member  States  mention  the 
Europol national liaison officers. All Member States were able to take part in joint projects co-
financed by the Commission’s OISIN and/or the Falcone programmes. Since 2003 XXX (can we 
give a figure??) have received funding under the new AGIS programme36. 

2. Information and Evaluation 

2.1.1  and  2.1.4  Does  your  country  fully  or  partly  provide  information  on  the  5  key 
epidemiological  indicators  of  the  EMCDDA?  If  your  country  does  not  fully  provide 
information  on  the  5  key  epidemiological  indicators  when  do  you  believe  you  will  be  in  a 
position  to  do  so?  Please  give  brief  description  of  the  evolution  of  political  and  financial 
support to implement the 5 harmonised key indicators. 

All Member States have established systems for the gathering and treatment of data which will 
provide comparable and reliable data on the 5 key epidemiologic indicators, and most Member 
States  are  able  to  provide  (partial)  information  on  all  indicators.  In  order  to  improve  the  data 
quality of the used sources and to alleviate the lack of information on some indicators, Member 
States have introduced the necessary amendments in their legislative systems, organised special 
workgroups  composed  of  representatives  from  various  Ministries,  services,  and  NGOs 
specialised in the fight against drugs and actively participated in EMCDDA workshops In most 
Member States,  political and financial  support provided  by the  government for establishing the 
five indicators (particularly through the national budget to the REITOX Network) is considered 
sufficient. 

36 

The  AGIS  programme  (Framework  programme  on  police  and  judicial  cooperation  in  criminal  matters) 
started in 2003 and incorporates previous Title VI programmes, such as Falcone and OISIN. 

EN 

15 

   EN 

 
                                                 
2.2.6  and  2.2.7  Which  measures  are  used  in  your  country  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of 
preventing  and  combating  organised  drug  related  crime?  What  kind  of  crime  and  policy 
indicators has your country developed? Has your country drafted an annual assessment on 
the role of organised crime groups involved in drug trafficking? 

No unanimity exists among member States on the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness 
of  preventive  actions  and  measures  to  fight  organised  crime  related  to  drug-trafficking,  but  all 
annual reports include statistics which illustrate the number of confiscations and their quantities, 
the  share  of  dismantled  clandestine  laboratories,  the  number  of  arrests,  the  number  of  drug-
related deaths and other indicators of repressive actions by the relevant agencies. Member States 
contribute  to  the  annual  EU  Organised  Crime  report,  which  includes  a  section  on  drugs,  in 
accordance with the criteria set out in Enfopol 35 Rev 2 (21.4.1997). 

Some  Member  States  undertake  further  research  on  the  linkage  between  drug  phenomena  and 
criminal activities, e.g. Ireland’s public surveys on the nature of the policing, the visibility and 
perception of crime, including drug related crime.  

3. Reduction of Demand, Prevention of Drug Use and of Drug Related Crime 

3.1.1.1  Does  your  country  have  general  programmes  for  the  prevention  of  both  licit  and 
illicit drug use, including poly-drug use? In which way, if any, does your country encourage 
the inclusion of drug use prevention in school curricula? Are there programmes set-up to 
assist parents? If yes, please describe briefly. 

Member  States  underline  the  importance  of  prevention,  and  the  need  for  better  and  accurate 
information campaigns and prevention programmes focused on the promotion of health as well as 
on the personal and social development of the young people. 

Prevention  programmes  can  involve,  among  many  other  measures,  the  creation  of  prevention 
centres, specific training for experts and civil society (teachers, parents, support organisations…), 
health  professionals  and  even  representatives  of  the  law  enforcement  services,  working  in  the 
school environment and among young people. The importance of regular cooperation with young 
people’s associations, sports clubs, as well as taking preventive actions in nightclubs and major 
music  and  dance  events  are  also  stressed,  in  a  way  to  promote  healthy  initiatives.  Frequently 
decentralised,  organised  at  local  level  in  collaboration  with  the  local  autorities  and  the  civil 
society, whit a short duration, they address to youngsters and other target groups.  

Specific prevention projects aimed at tackling the poly-drug use and the abuse of licit substances 
(alcohol, tobacco, doping substances and medicinal products) are more and more implemented in 
all Member States.  

Member States agree on the effectiveness of school based drug education programme, but only a 
few countries (France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, and UK) have clear references to illicit 
substances and their effects inscribed on the schools curriculum.  

EN 

16 

   EN 

 
3.1.1.3  Could  you  describe  the  way  your  country  allocated  resources  for  positive 
alternatives to drugs for youngsters, in particular in socially deprived urban areas? 

Member  States  have  many  projects on  positive alternatives to  drug  use specifically targeted  on 
older  children  and  adolescents  in  disadvantaged  urban  areas,  namely  through  the  creation  of 
youth  consultation  centres  that  provide  recreational,  sports  and  educational  activities  with  job 
counselling.  

The budget allocated to these prevention projects came from different sources: health, youth or 
social  services,  youth  organisations  as  well  as  local  projects  supported  by  local  authorities. 
Sweden gives precise details on amounts allocated.  

3.1.1.4  Could  you  mention  and  describe  briefly  a  particularly  innovative  approach  to  the 
prevention of the abuse of synthetic drugs developed in your country? 

Member States are stressing their concern for the increasing popularity of synthetic drugs in the 
European  Union  and  underline  the  importance  of  school-based  programmes  and  information 
campaigns aimed at young people, but also on the internet, in all media, as well as dance clubs 
and  music  festivals.  The  distribution  of  informative  material,  the  implementation  of  risk 
reduction  measures  at  parties,  pill  testing  and  cooperation  with  owners  of  night  clubs,  medical 
staff and police are also mentioned. 

3.1.2.1,  3.1.2.6,  3.1.2.7  Has  your  country  developed  outreach  work  and/or  easy  accessible 
services  for  drug  users?  Which  steps  were  taken  to  increase  access  and  availability  of 
services designed to reach drug abusers who were not integrated or covered by mainstream 
services? Please describe these briefly. Which were the strategies for vaccinating drug users 
against hepatitis A and B? 

Several Member States have adopted integrated policies for risk reduction which propose « low-
threshold » services,  such  as  programmes  for  syringe  exchange,  condom  distribution,  access  to 
substitution treatments and drug consumption rooms. Certain high risk groups such as addicted 
pregnant  women,  homeless  people,  prostitutes  and  prison  inmates  can  benefit  from  specific 
programmes.  Vaccination  against  Hepatitis  B,  prevention  and  treatment  of  contagious  diseases 
linked to intravenous drug abuse has been recognised as priorities by all Member States.  

3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3, 3.3.1 Please report briefly on any awareness raising campaigns carried out 
on  the  dangers  related  to  drug  use  as  well  as  on  major  programmes  on  the  reduction  of 
risks  and  consequences  related  to  use.  Do  the  actions  target  all  age  groups,  in  particular 
children and young people? In what sense have these campaigns been innovative and have 
made use of new means of communication such as, for example, the Internet? 

All Member states underline the importance of information/awareness campaigns on drug related 
risks and organise regular campaigns in the media for the general public, as well as specific ones 
directed at target groups. Campaigns aimed at specific substances (cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy…) 
are also mentioned. The spread of hotlines on drugs and the use of internet in the field of demand 
reduction seem to be increasing in all countries. 

EN 

17 

   EN 

 
Sweden  gives  a  number  of  examples  of  messages  aimed  at  young  at  young  people  in  different 
campaign contexts. Finland mentionnes a specific emphasis in the use of internet in drug demand 
reduction. 

3.1.2.4 In which way does your country ensure that enough attention is paid to drug related 
issues  in  training  and  education  of  doctors,  social  workers  and  other  professionals  in  the 
health  and  social  sector?  Are  they  included  in  the  curricula  of  the  education  of  these 
professionals? 

Training of teachers, social workers, health professionals, and law enforcement representatives is 
a  priority  in  all  Member  States  and  budgets  have  been  allocated  for  this  purpose.  In  several 
countries  (Ireland,  France,  Germany,  Portugal),  specialisations  in  addiction,  alcoholism,  ,  and 
new substitution treatments are organised within the context of university courses.  

3.1.2.5 Has any research been carried out in your country about the effects of driving under 
the influence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals? If yes, could you please summarize the 
results which could be relevant for policy decisions? 

Several  Member  States  (Belgium,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Ireland,  Italy,  Spain,  The 
Netherlands,  Finland  and  UK)  announced  having  undertaken  research  on  driving  under  the 
influence  of  illegal  substances,  or  in  association  with  alcohol  and/or  medicines.  In  many  cases 
legislation was reviewed and controls and sanctions reinforced. On the other hand, even though 
testing  for  alcohol  is  compulsory,  testing  drivers  involved  in  accidents  for  narcotics  is  not  yet 
systematic. 

3.1.3.1  Which  are  the  types  of  treatment  services  for  drugs  users,  and  measures  to  assist 
severely  dependent  individuals,  including  measures  to  reduce  the  health  related  damages 
provided in your country? Please describe briefly 

In accordance with their national situation and legislation, Member States have diversified drug 
care systems, which can include day-care centres, detoxification units, therapeutic communities, 
substitution centres, aftercare programmes and special units in prisons. Frequently carried out at 
local  level  and  in  collaboration  with  NGO’s,  they  are  directed  towards  different  age  groups, 
gender specific needs and drug dependent people in different stages of dependence. 

Some  Member  States  have  also  underlined  the  existence  of  drug  consumption  rooms  and 
programmes of medical heroin delivery (Belgium, Germany). 

3.1.3.2 Which are the average waiting periods for accessing treatment in your country? 

Member States indicate that, after investments in treatment services mainly at local level, there 
are no waiting periods for accessing treatment other than for residential treatment and substitution 
treatment. 

EN 

18 

   EN 

 
3.1.3.3  Has  your  country  defined  guidelines  for  the  standards  and  goals  of  treatment 
services,  and  ensured  the  evidence-based  evaluation  of  these  treatments?  If  yes,  please 
briefly  describe  the  outcome.  Does  your  country  have  a  national  protocol  on  treatment 
assessment? 

The  majority  of  Member  States  has  not  developed  models  for  the  systematic  and  global 
evaluation  of  drug  treatment.  However,  scientific  research  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  proposed 
measures  is  undertaken  using  the  monitoring  of  drug-addicts  under  treatment  (among  other 
indicators).  

3.1.3.4 In which way does your country ensure that adequate attention is paid to the social 
and  professional  integration  of  former  addicts?  Please  describe  briefly  the  most  relevant 
measures adopted in this area, including any projects implemented under the Community 
Programmes between 1999 and 2003 

The professional and social integration of drug addicts, considered very important by all Member 
States, is promoted in co-operation with NGO’s, local authorities and the business community, to 
provide  for  educational  programmes,  vocational  training  and  special  employment  opportunities 
for ex-addicts. The Netherlands and UK underline the programmes aimed  at tackling this issue 
within  the  criminal  justice  system  and  the  measures  to  prepare  the  drug  misusing  offender 
reintegration into the labour market. 

3.2.2  Have  the  resources  for  research  into  the  biomedical  and  social  causes  of  addiction, 
prevention  and  behavioural  patterns  of  drug  consumption  been  modified  during  the 
reference period? 

Several Member States indicate that they do not have exact figures for functions allocated to drug 
research,  by  the  government  departments,  universities,  NGOs,  and  research  institutes. 
Nevertheless,  they  stress  the  importance  of  studies  on  epidemiology,  public  health  and  social 
sciences in achieving a better definition of public policies. 

3.2.3  Has  your  country  identified  new  areas  where  it  is  considered  useful  to  implement 
actions at the European level to contribute to reduce drug-related harm? 

New consumption trends, international and trans-border cooperation are areas generally identified 
as deserving greater attention within the EU.  

3.3.2  How  has  your  country  addressed  risk behaviour  and  addiction  in  general,  including 
aspects of alcohol, medicine, substances used for doping in sport and tobacco use? 

Member  States’  strategies  and  policies  are  increasingly  geared  towards  addictions  in  general, 
linking  licit  and  illicit  drugs,  with  special  measures  concerning  alcohol,  tobacco,  doping 
substances and abuse of medicinal products. Belgium also takes into account gambling and food 
dependency.  

EN 

19 

   EN 

 
3.4.1.1 What programmes have been set-up in your country to promote best practices in the 
prevention of criminal activities linked with drugs, juvenile and urban delinquency? 

The  prevention  of  drug related crime,  juvenile  and  urban  delinquency  is  a  priority  for  Member 
States  which  have  allocated  funds  for  programmes  based  on  in-service  training  of  police  and 
other prevention agents, information campaigns on drugs and measures for the development of a 
healthy  lifestyle  through  sports,  leisure  and  educational  activities,  acquisition  of  specific  skills, 
implementation 
and 
treatment/counselling activities. 

counselling/follow 

activities, 

cultural 

groups, 

peer 

up, 

of 

In  the  Netherlands,  the  project  “Communities  that  care”,  which  involves  civil  society,  aims  to 
create a safe and liveable environment for young people.  

3.4.2 and 3.4.3 Could you describe the mechanisms in place to provide alternatives to Prison 
(in  particular  for  young  offenders).  Which  measures  have  been  foreseen  to  provide  drug 
prevention  and  treatment  services  and,  where  appropriate,  measures  to  reduce  health 
damages in prisons and upon release from prison? 

In several Member States(Portugal, Denmark…), depending the penal system and on the basis of 
the  voluntary  acceptance  of  treatment,  a  large  spectrum  of  alternative  measures  is  proposed  to 
drug  addicts  in  order  to  avoid  incarceration:  financial  penalties  and  administrative  sanctions, 
community work, vocational training and follow-up, etc. 

In  view  of  the  high  level  of  drug  consumption  in  prisons,  some  countries  have  introduced  risk 
reduction  measures,  such  as  vaccination  programmes,  needles  exchange,  drug  free  rooms, 
substitution treatments by methadone, etc.  

3.4.4 Please mention the main examples of sharing with other Member States best practices 
on the handling of drugs addicts in the justice system. In what way were the results of the 
study prepared by the EMCDDA in this field considered by your country 

Some Member States refer to sharing best practices in the treatment of drug addicts in the justice 
system through active participation in the European Union Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) 
and the European Network Drugs Services in Prison (ENDSP), as well as cooperation with other 
Member States within the EMCDDA and the Pompidou Group.  

The study of the EMCDDA is referred to by only few countries. 

3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3 In view of the need to develop expertise in the prevention of drug use, has 
your country promoted the creation of co-ordinated qualification skills in this area? What 
has been done in order to encourage the development and implementation of a network of 
trainers and other professionals in the health and social sector? How have the best practices 
been promoted and brought to the attention of other Member States and the Commission? 

Training of prevention agents is deemed paramount in all Member States, although efforts must 
still be made to create formal qualifications.  

EN 

20 

   EN 

 
In  the  context  of  health  promotion  strategies,  expert  networks  and  specialised  training  centres 
have been established to ensure permanent training of the various prevention agents. 

Several  Member  States  underline  the  role  of  the  EDDRA  and  EMCDDA  networks,  of  the 
Pompidou Group and of the HDG in the exchange of information on prevention.  

4. Supply Reduction  

4.1.1.1  Please  indicate  which  measures  your  country  has  applied  to  ensure  a  high  and 
uniform level of security at the external borders of the EU in relation to drugs. 

Within Member States the law enforcement services involved in combating drug trafficking are 
involved  in  close  co-operation.  This  co-operation  can  take  the  form  of  joint  groups  of  risk 
analysis, a network of “contact points” between the relevant services, special teams of police and 
customs  officers,  a  “coastal-watch”  programme  involving  police,  customs  and  the  maritime 
rescue  service,  memoranda  of  understanding  and  operational  protocols  between  the  relevant 
services.  

In  order  to  ensure  a  high  level  of  security  at  the  EU’s  external  borders,  Member  State  law 
enforcement  services  use  a  range  of  equipment  such  as  drug  detection  scanners,  patrol  vessels, 
and  drug  detector  dogs.  Member  States  also  refer  to  the  training  provided  to  law  enforcement 
personnel in combating drug trafficking. 

Co-operation also takes place between the law enforcement services of different Member States. 
For  example,  there  are  police/customs  co-operation  centres,  joint  customs  operations,  and 
participation in training courses by one Member State in those hosted by another Member State. 
The Convention on mutual assistance and co-operation between customs administrations (Naples 
II) is also seen to have potential as a tool for cross-border co-operation. 

4.1.1.3  Has  your  country,  taking  into  account  the  existing  EU  systems  for  exchange  of 
information  and  working  with  other  Member  States  in  the  relevant  Council  bodies, 
reinforced  its  efforts  against  maritime  drug  trafficking?  Has  your  country  organised 
training  courses  on  the  identification  and  surveillance  of  suspicious  vessels,  and  have  you 
established procedures for boarding and searching vessels? Has your country implemented 
the  principles  laid  down  in  Article  17  of  the  UN  Convention  against  Illicit  Traffic  in 
Narcotic  Drugs  and  Psychotropic  Substances?  If  so,  please  describe  briefly  how  this  has 
been done.  

A number of Member States have indicated that they are in a position to operate in accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  Article  17  of  the  1988  UN  Convention  against  illicit  traffic  in  narcotic 
drugs  and  psychotropic  substances  or  have  incorporated  Article  17  or  parts  of  Article  17  into 
national law (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands).  

Member  States  refer  to  a  number  of  techniques  used  for  combating  maritime  drug  trafficking 
such  as  risk  profiling,  ship  surveillance  and  vessel  search  techniques.  Use  is  made  of  the 
maritime  information  systems  such  as  MAR-INFO  and  YACHTINFO  in  order  to  exchange 
information on suspected drug trafficking and on drug seizures. Maritime co-operation between 

EN 

21 

   EN 

 
Member  States  has  led  to  the  capture  of  ships  which  were  used  for  drug  smuggling  and  the 
seizure of illicit drugs. 

Some Member States indicate that they have training courses in the field of combating maritime 
drug  trafficking  or  such  training  is  included  as  a  part  of  the  training  provided  to  the  relevant 
personnel (France, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands). One Member State (France) indicates 
that  it  has  established  a  guide  regarding  the  implementation  of  Article  17  of  the  1988  UN 
Convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. 

4.1.1.4  Has  your  country,  with  the  support  of  Europol,  examined  the  means  to  combine 
forensic  and  law  enforcement  information  in  order  to  identify  the  production  and 
trafficking of synthetic drugs and those involved in their production and trafficking? What 
are the results of this analysis? 

At national level, Member States combine forensic and law enforcement information in order to 
identify the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs. In, at least, one Member State (France) 
a  sharing  of  databases  between  the  relevant  law  enforcement  agencies  containing  scientific 
information on synthetic drugs is to be developed. 

Many Member States emphasise the importance of the various EU projects aimed at identifying 
the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs such as CASE, Synthes-lab, EELS, EILCS, and 
CHEDDAR 

4.1.1.5 Has the co-operation between police, customs and judicial authorities been improved 
in  your  country  in  the  drugs  field?  Has  your  country  participated  in  EU  Third  Pillar 
Programmes  in  the  field  of  co-operation  between  these  authorities?  Please  give  details,  in 
particular of the results and benefits of such programmes for your country.  

Member  State  police  and  customs  services  participate  in  joint  enforcement  operations  and 
investigations  against  drug  traffickers,  joint  training  courses  and  have  appointed  police/custom 
liaison  officers.  Some  Member  States  have  permanent  joint  police/customs  teams  (France, 
Germany,  the  Netherlands).  Greece  refers  to  its  Central  Anti-Drug  Coordination  Body  with 
police and customs representation and the UK refers to its Concerted Inter-Agency Drugs Action 
Group. 

Training courses and seminars aimed  at improving police, customs and  judicial co-operation at 
EU level have received funding from the European Commission under various programmes. In 
the  Nordic  Member  States  police  and  customs  collaboration  takes  place  within  a  specific 
framework PTN (Police and Customs Co-operation in the Nordic Countries). 

4.1.1.6  Has  your  country  implemented  the  project-based  EU  law  enforcement  strategy 
against transnational organised crime to combat drug trafficking? Please describe briefly.  

Techniques  used  to  combat  organised  crime  include  surveillance,  infiltration  and  phone-taping. 
Investigations  into  the  activities  of  trans-national  organised  crime  groups  involved  in  the 
distribution of drugs have taken place. These investigations have involved the law enforcement 

EN 

22 

   EN 

 
authorities  of  several  Member  States.  Member  States  also  participate  in  relevant  Europol 
Analysis Work Files (AWFs) such as Mustard, Cola and Genesis. 

4.1.2.2 and 4.1.2.3 What measures has your country taken against money laundering? How 
does  the  analysis  and  exchange  of  information  between  your  Financial  Intelligence  Unit 
(FIU) and other FIUs work?  

All MS have transposed into national law Directive 91/308/CEE of the Council of 10 June 1991 
on  prevention  of  the  use  of  the  financial  system  for  the  purpose  of  money  laundering  and  11 
(Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, 
and  the  UK)  have  transposed  Directive  2001/97/CE  of  the  European  Parliament  and  of  the 
Council  of  4  December  2001  amending  Council  Directive  91/308/EEC.  In  addition,  Member 
States have introduced new measures to reduce money laundering such as powers to oppose the 
execution  of  a  transaction  and  increased  powers  for  the  control  of  travellers  who  import  large 
sums of money. 

Council  Decision  of  17  December  2000  relative  to  the  exchange  of  information  between  the 
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of the Member States provides a primary framework for the 
exchange  of  information  between  the  FIUs  of  the  Member  States.  8  Member  States  utilise  the 
FIU-Net  as  a  means  of  exchanging  information  between  FIUs.  Individual  Member  States  also 
exchange  information  with  third  country  FIUs.  This  exchange  of  information  often  takes  place 
under  the  auspices  of  signed  Memoranda  of  Understanding  which  generally  are  developed  in 
accordance with the principles of the Egmont Group. The Egmont Secure Web is also utilised as 
a secure communication network. 

Some Member States also refer to the 40 Recommendations of the FATF (Financial Action Task 
Force), the Council Framework Decision on money laundering, identifying, tracing, freezing and 
confiscation of criminal assets and the proceeds of crime and the Council of Europe Convention 
on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds of crime. 

4.1.2.6 What type of training for customs and police does your country provide in view of 
combating  the  diversion  of  chemical  precursors,  including  possibly  the  assistance  of  the 
Commission and EUROPOL? 

Law enforcement officers receive training in combating the diversion of precursors through stand 
alone courses or through courses related to combating synthetic drugs production and trafficking. 
Some Member States refer to the assistance provided by Europol in this regard. 

4.2.1  Please  describe  the  joint  investigative  units  which  have  been  established  in  your 
country  between  police,  customs  and  other  law  enforcement  agencies  specifically 
responsible for tackling drug trafficking.  

Some  Member  States  have  permanent  joint  police/customs  teams.  Other  law  enforcement 
authorities  may  be  represented  on  these  teams.  In  other  Member  States  joint  police/customs 
investigations take place as the need arises. 

EN 

23 

   EN 

 
4.2.2 Please describe the measures your country has taken, with the assistance of Europol 
where  appropriate,  to  reinforce  co-operation  with  other  Member  States  against  drug 
trafficking. In particular, please mention if any joint teams with other Member States have 
been  established  when  dealing  with  drug  trafficking  between  Member  States.  If  no  such 
teams have been established, please explain why this is the case.  

Co-operation  between  Member  States  against  drug  trafficking  generally  takes  place  through 
exchanges of information, joint investigations or law enforcement co-operation in border areas. 
Some Member States have established a joint police/customs team to combat drug trafficking on 
road  and  rail  routes  between  them.  6  Member  States  (Austria,  Belgium,  France,  Germany,  the 
Netherlands and the UK) together with Europol are involved in a European Joint Unit to combat 
serious criminal activity in the field of precursor chemical diversion. 

A  number  of  Member  States  have  transposed  into  national  law  the  provisions  of  the  Council 
Framework  Decision  on  joint  investigation  teams  and/or  have  ratified  the  EU  Convention  on 
Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters or have indicated that legislation in place already 
enables  the  setting  up  of  such  teams  (Austria,  Denmark,  Finland,  France,  Germany,  the 
Netherlands,  Portugal,  Spain,  Sweden,  and  the  UK).  However,  joint  investigation  teams,  as 
provided  for  in  the  Framework  Decision  or  the  Convention,  dealing  with  drug  trafficking 
between  Member  States  have  not  been  established.  Some  Member  States  are  involved  in 
discussions with regard to forming joint investigation teams and giving their police and judicial 
authorities additional, more far-reaching powers to operate on each other’s territories. 

4.2.3 Please describe the measures your country has taken to promote regional co-operation 
with other Member States affected by similar drug problems.  

A  number  of  Member  States  (Belgium,  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Luxembourg  and  Spain)  have 
created  police  and  custom  co-operation  centres  on  their  common  borders.  Regional  systems  of 
exchange of information have been established by, for example, a permanent liaison bureau and 
the appointment of joint superintendents. Police officers from one Member States participate in 
police  officer  meetings of  another Member  State (Belgium  and the  Netherlands).  In  addition, a 
number  of  Member  States  have  adopted  a  co-ordinated  regional  approach  to  combating  drug 
tourism (Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). The Nordic Member States are part 
of a regional law enforcement co-operation known as PTN with a significant focus on combating 
drug-related  crime.  These  Member  States  and  Germany  are  also  part  of  the  Task  Force  on 
Organised Crime in the Baltic Sea Region. 

4.2.5  In  what  way  does  your  country  promote  new  investigation  techniques,  research  and 
documentation of drug related crime?  

Member  States  use  investigation  techniques  such  as  controlled  deliveries,  undercover  agents, 
simulated purchases in combating drug trafficking and drug related crime. Some Member States 
have at their disposal tools such as a specialist research centre, a national network of drug experts 
and  a  computerised  system  for  the  collection,  development  and  analysis  of  data  on  operations 
against  the illegal  traffic  in  drugs.  A  number  of  Member  States  refer  to research  carried  out  or 
being carried out on drug-related crime. 

EN 

24 

   EN 

 
5. International 

5.1.3 During the reference period, which Candidate Countries has your country supported, 
with  technical  assistance  and/or  finance  where  necessary,  in  their  efforts  to  counter  drug 
abuse and drug trafficking?  

Almost all Member States have provided assistance to the candidate countries in their efforts to 
combat drug abuse and trafficking. This assistance has taken a number of forms such as: 

Participation  in  the  PHARE  programme  and  in  particular  in  twinning  projects  under  this 
programme; 

Organisation of study visits and seminars and provision of training to law enforcement officers; 

The signing of bilateral co-operation agreements in relation to internal security matters; 

Funding  to  the  Council  of  Europe’s  Pompidou  Group  in  the  framework  of  training  in  drug 
demand reduction interventions provided to Central and Eastern European countries; 

Provision of financial assistance to drug related projects in candidate countries; and  

Provision of technical assistance and equipment. 

5.1.5  Has  your  country  implemented  the  pre-accession  pact  on  organised  crime  and 
extended it to all applicant countries?  

A  number  of  Member  States  refer  to  the  utilisation  of  the  PHARE  programme  in  the 
implementation of the Pre-accession pact on organised crime and to the Council working group 
with  responsibility  for  overseeing  its  implementation.  In  the  context  of  the  Pre-accession  Pact 
contact points have been established. 

5.2.2 and 5.2.3 How has your country co-ordinated its projects in third countries with other 
countries,  multilateral  and  international  organisations  to  enable  their  assessment?  In  this 
framework,  has  the  co-operation  with  multilateral  and  international  organisations  been 
strengthened where this would increase the effectiveness of the actions carried out?  

Member  States  provide  drug-related  assistance  to  third  countries  on  a  bilateral  basis  and/or 
through  the  UNODC.  Some  Member  States  (Austria,  France,  Germany,  Sweden,  and  the  UK) 
indicate that they co-ordinate their bilateral projects with other Member States, multilateral and 
international organisations. A number of Member States refer to the provision of information to 
the Commission on drug-related assistance to third countries. The Dublin Group and the “major 
donors  group”  of  the  UNODC  are  cited  as  primary  mechanisms  for  co-ordination  and  for 
strengthening co-operation with multilateral and international institutions. In this regard Member 
States  also  refer  to  their  membership  of  or  observer  status  to  the  UN  Commission  on  Narcotic 
Drugs,  the  Pompidou  Group  of  the  Council  of  Europe,  CICAD  and  the  work  of  the  Paris  Pact 
initiative.  In  the  context  of  co-operation  with  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean  some  Member 

EN 

25 

   EN 

 
States refer to the Co-ordination and Co-operation Mechanism on Drugs between the EU, Latin 
America and the Caribbean. 

5.2.4 What resources have been made available for third countries for the implementation 
of  programmes  and  projects  for  supply  reduction  and  demand  reduction?  In  what  way 
have the projects undertaken been reported to the Horizontal Drugs Group of the Council?  

Many Member States provide financial assistance to demand reduction and/or supply reduction 
projects  in  third  countries.  Most  of  these  countries  indicate  that  the  Commission  and  the 
Council’s  Horizontal  Drugs  Group  are  kept  informed  of  their  drug-related  assistance  to  third 
countries. 

5.2.5  Please  describe  in  what  way,  in  relations  with  non-candidate  and  non-European 
countries,  all relevant Common Foreign and Security  Policy (CFSP) instruments take full 
account of the aims of the EU-Drug Strategy.  

A number of Member States (Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK) affirm that in 
their relations with non-candidate and non-European countries in the framework of the Common 
Foreign and Security Policy they take account of the objectives of the EU Drugs Strategy.  

5.2.6 Has your country drawn up an action plan on drugs co-operation with North Africa 
and implemented fully the action plans on Latin America and the Caribbean and Central 
Asia?  

No Member State has drawn up an action  plan on drugs with North Africa. With regard to the 
implementation  of  the  plans  with  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean  and  Central  Asia,  Member 
States refer to the training, technical and financial assistance they provide and law enforcement 
operational co-operation. 

5.2.7 Please describe the measures, if any, your country has taken to help non-EU countries 
and regions to develop their anti-money laundering systems  

A number of Member States refer to co-operation with non-EU countries to develop and improve 
anti-money laundering systems under the auspices of the Egmont Group (Belgium, France, and 
Greece)  and  to  participation  in  the  work  of  the  Council  of  Europe’s  anti-money  laundering 
programme  PC-R-EV  recently  renamed  Moneyval  (Belgium  and  the  Netherlands).  Member 
States  also  refer  to  participation  in  the  PHARE  anti-money  laundering  programme  and  in 
initiatives  of  the  FATF  (Financial  Action  Task  Force).  Other  assistance  provided  by  Member 
States include study visits by/to non-EU Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), participation in IMF 
and World Bank evaluations, financial support and observer status in FATF regional bodies. 

5.2.8 Please describe the tools used to support the development of a common international 
set of indicators in the field of demand reduction and to promote a common standard for 
national reporting to international organisations  

Many Member States refer to their participation in the work of the EMCDDA in the development 
of  a  common  international  set  of  indicators  in  the  demand  reduction  field.  Member  States  also 

EN 

26 

   EN 

 
refer to the work of the Pompidou Group and the UN and to all of these bodies in the context of 
promoting a common standard for national reporting to international organisations.  

5.2.9  Please  describe  the  measures  used  by  your  country  to  integrate  drugs  as  a  cross-
sectional  issue  into  supranational  co-operation  schemes  (particularly  with  the  developing 
countries)  

Member  States  affirm  that  they  see  drugs  as  being  a  cross-sectional  issue  and  stress  the 
importance of dialogue on this issue within bodies such as the Dublin Group and the UN. 

EN 

27 

   EN 

 
ANNEX 2 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU ACTION PLAN ON DRUGS 2000-2004: 

FOLLOW-UP TABLE FOR THE COMMISSION, THE EMCDDA AND EUROPOL 37 

Action 

1. Co-ordination 

1.1 To ensure that the issue of drugs is kept as a 
major  priority  for  EU  internal  and  external 
action (Strategy aim 1) 

inter-institutional  co-ordination  and, 

1.1.1  The  European  Union  institutions  to  ensure 
good 
in 
particular, each in-coming Presidency of the Council 
to forward its work programme in the field of drugs 
to  the  Parliament,  Economic  and  Social  Committee 
and Committee of Regions. 

State of play 

Comments 

The  Commission  has  a  Coordination  of  anti-drugs 
policy  unit 
the 
Interservices Group on Drugs.  

in  DG  JAI 

that  chairs 

located 

The  Commission  is  implementing  the  framework 
agreement  signed  in  July  2000  by  the  European 
Parliament and Commission. 

Active  participation  of  the  Commission,  EMCDDA 
and  EUROPOL  in  the  relevant  working  groups  of  the 
Council.  

37 

Only the actions where the Commission, the EMCDDA and EUROPOL are directly involved are analysed. 

EN 

28 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

1.1.2 When  appropriate,  and anyhow  in 2002 (mid-
term  review)  and  2004  (final  evaluation) 
the 
Presidency of the Council to consider the possibility 
of organising a high level meeting of those involved 
in implementation of present plan. 

1.1.3  The  Presidency  of  the  Council  to  provide 
regular  opportunities  in  principle  twice  a  year  for 
national drugs co-ordinators or those responsible for 
the  co-ordination  of  drugs  policies  to  meet  in  the 
framework  of  the  Horizontal  Working  Party  on 
information  on  national 
Drugs 
developments  and 
to  review  opportunities  for 
increased co-operation. 

to  exchange 

1.1.6 The Council and the Commission to integrate 
the  issue  of  drugs  in  the  broader  objectives  of  EU 
external 
including  development  co-
operation  making  full  use  of  the  CFSP  instruments 
as well as trade policy instruments and technical and 
financial assistance. 

relations, 

At the initiative of the Commission, the Presidency of 
the  EU  and  the  European  parliament,  a  conference  on 
drugs  policy  in  the  EU  was  held  in  2000.  In  2004,  a 
conference  was  organised  by  the  Presidency  entitled 
“EU Strategy on Drugs- the way forward”, and was co-
financed  by 
the  AGIS 
programme. 

the  Commission  under 

Since the first meeting held in Paris in November 2000 
each  Presidency  organised  a  meeting  of  the  national 
drug  coordinators.  The  Commission,  EMCDDA  and 
EUROPOL participated in these meetings. 

EC  cooperation  with  Andean  countries,  Central  Asia, 
Afghanistan  and  Morocco 
includes  a  significant 
number  of  projects  and  amounts  of  resources  devoted 
to  demand  and  supply  control.  To  a  lesser  extent,  the 
Commission also finances drugs projects in other areas 
such as SADC, Pakistan, Burma, etc. The Commission 
has  participated  actively  in  Troika  Drugs  meetings,  in 
the  EU/Andean  Community  High  Level  Dialogue  on 
Drugs  and  in  the  Mechanism  of  Coordination  and 
Cooperation  on  drugs  with  Latin  America  and  the 
Caribbean.  The  GSP  Drugs  continues 
to  be 
implemented and the Commission has sought to defend 
its WTO compatibility. 

EN 

29 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

1.1.7  The  Commission  with  the  assistance  of  the 
EMCDDA  to  organise  a  study  to  be  completed  by 
March  2001  to  test  whether  the  co-ordination 
arrangements  that  are  in  place  could  be  improved 
and if so in what way. 

The results of the EMCDDA /Commission study on the 
coordination  arrangements  in  the  member  States  was 
presented at the HDG in December 2002. 

The  Commission  presented  a  Communication  on  co-
ordination  on  drugs  in  the  EU  in  November  2003.  A 
follow  up  to  this  Communication  by  the  Council  is 
expected by the end of 2004. 

1.2 To continue the EU global, multidisciplinary, 
integrated and balanced strategy, in which supply 
and  demand  reduction  are  seen  as  mutually 
reinforcing elements, as underlined by the United 
Nations  General  Assembly  Special  Session  on 
Drugs (UNGASS) (Strategy aim 3). 

EN 

30 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

1.2.3 The Council to ensure that full use is made of 
the  EU  agencies,  particularly  Europol  and  the 
European  Monitoring  Centre  of  Drugs  and  Drug 
Addiction, in their respective fields of competence. 

Based upon a decision by the Council Europol has 
concluded  Co-operation  Agreements  with  a 
number  of  countries,  the  Commission,  the  ECB, 
Interpol  and  the  UNODC.  Discussions  on  the 
conclusion of further agreements are in progress. 

The Commission, EMCDDA and Europol participated 
in all the HDG meetings and in Troika meetings. 

The  Commission,  EMCDDA,  EUROPOL  and  EMEA 
continue  to  play  their  respective  roles  as  provided  for 
within  the  framework  of  the  Joint  Action  on  new 
synthetic drugs.  

Seven  risk  assessments  of  new  synthetic  drugs  were 
made  over  the  period  2000-2004,  resulting  in  two 
Council  decisions  on  Control  measures:  PMMA, 
28 February  2002  (OJ  L 63,  6  March  2002)  and  2C-I, 
2C-T-2,  2c-T-7  and  TMA-2,  27  November  2003  (OJ 
L321, 6 December 2003). 

the 
A  proposal  from 
reformulation  of 
in 
November  2003  and  is  under  discussion  whithin  the 
Council. 

the  Commission  regarding 
the  JANSD  was  presented 

A  proposal  for  a  Council  Regulation  regarding  the 
recasting  of  the  current  EMCDDA  Council  regulation 
is under discussion whithin the Council. 

Several Council Decisions have been adopted, or are in 
the process of being developed, to initiate or strengthen 
the role of Europol.  

EN 

31 
EN 

 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

to 

ensure 

1.2.4 The Commission, the Council and the Member 
States 
and 
that 
multidisciplinary approach is taken into account and 
implemented 
their  drugs  programmes  and 
policies. 

balanced 

the 

in 

The  Commission  takes  into  account  the  balanced  and 
multidisciplinary  approach  in  its  drugs  policies  and 
programmes. 

In  July  2002, 
the  Council  adopted  a  Decision 
establishing  a  framework  programme  on  police  and 
judicial  co-operation  in  criminal  matters  (AGIS). 
Among  the  specific  topics  included  in  the  AGIS 
Annual  Work  Programme  and  call  for  applications 
2003  and  2004  were  measures  to  prevent  and  combat 
drugs trafficking and drug related crime prevention. 

The  new  Public  Health  Programme  (2003-2008) 
supports activities of a transversal nature in the public 
health  field  in  general,  and  is  thus  facilitating  a 
to  drug 
balanced  and  multidisciplinary  approach 
prevention issues more specifically. 

The  Commission’s  drug  projects  in  third  countries 
cover  demand  and  supply  reduction  and  alternative 
development. 

1.3  To  encourage  multi-agency  co-operation  and 
the involvement of civil society (Strategy aim 6) 

1.3.2  All  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
establish  a  strategy  for  the  co-operation  with  civil 
society  and  community  and  voluntary  groups  from 
areas most affected by the problem of drug abuse. 

Under  the  new  Public  Health  programme,  relevant 
actors  can  put  forward  applications  for  co-  funding  in 
the field of drug prevention.  

The  Commission  is  preparing  a  communication 
on  the  co-operation  with  the  civil  society  for 
2005. 

EN 

32 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

1.4  To  provide  appropriate  resources  for  drugs 
related  actions  (Strategy  aim  11)  and  social 
consequences of drug abuse. 

1.4.1 The Council and the Commission to study, in 
the  light  of  current  efforts  in  this  field  of  the 
EMCDDA  and  Pompidou  group,  an  approach  to 
establish a list of all public expenditure on drugs. 

In  November  2000  the  Commission  put  forward  an 
overview  of  all  the  drug-related  budget  lines  at  the 
Horizontal  Drugs  Group  of  the  Council  and  has 
provided  a  regular  update  to  the  HDG  on  its  drug 
related assistance in third countries/ regions. 

report  on 

EMCDDA  published  a 
the  situation 
regarding  the  monitoring  of  public  expenditure  in  the 
Member  States  in  the  first  half  of  2002.  A  specific 
chapter of the EMCDDA 2003 Annual Report has been 
dedicated to public expenditures on reducing demand.  

EN 

33 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

1.4.2  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
encourage  the  provision  of  appropriate  funding  for 
proactive measures, including the prevention of drug 
use,  the  prevention  of  drug  related  crime,  and  the 
reduction  of 
the  negative  health  and  social 
consequences of drugs. 

The  Programme  of  Community  Action  on 
the 
Prevention  of  Drug  Dependence  was  running  from 
1996 to 2002: 184 projects were supported, accounting 
for almost 37.5 million euros. For the years covered by 
the  EU  Action  Plan  on  Drugs,  the  numbers  were:  25 
projects  accounting  for  5.5  million  euros  (2000),  18 
projects accounting for 5.1 million euros (2001) and 17 
projects accounting for 5.1 million euros (2002). 

The  New  Public  Health  Programme,  which  includes 
drug  prevention  as  a  health  determinant,  entered  into 
force on 1 January 2003 and will run for six years.  

In  July  2002, 
the  Council  adopted  a  Decision 
establishing  a  framework  programme  on  police  and 
judicial  co-operation  in  criminal  matters  (AGIS). 
Among  the  specific  topics  included  in  the  AGIS 
Annual  Work  Programme  and  call  for  applications 
2003  and  2004  was  drug  related  crime  prevention. 
Previously,  Community  funding  for  the  prevention  of 
drug related crime was provided under the Hippocrates 
programme. 

A Eurobarometer on Urban Safety linked in particular 
to drug dependence was carried out in 2000. 

EN 

34 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2. Information and evaluation 

ensure 
of 

collection, 
objective, 

and 
2.1  To 
dissemination 
and 
comparable data on the drugs phenomenon in the 
EU  with  the  support  of  EMCDDA  and  Europol 
(Strategy aim 8) 

analysis 
reliable 

In  November  2002,  the  Commission  presented  its 
Communication on the mid term evaluation of the EU 
Action Plan on Drugs. 

to 

in  addition 

the  hard  copy, 

Since  2001, 
the 
EMCDDA  Annual  Report  on  the  state  of  the  drug 
problem  in  the  EU,  is  available  electronically  on  the 
Centre’s  website.  National  reports  are  also  published 
on the website, including the ones of the 3 candidate’s 
countries. 

Europol  drafts  an  annual  ‘European  Union  Situation 
Report  on  Drug  Production  and  Drug  Trafficking’,  in 
addition  to  ad-hoc  reports  on  drug-related  matters, 
Catalogues, Manuals and the annual ‘Organised Crime 
Report’. 

EN 

35 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.1.1.  The  Member  States  according  to  technical 
tools and guidelines provided by EMCDDA to give 
reliable information on the five key epidemiological 
indicators  in  a  comparable  form  drawn  up  by  the 
EMCDDA and adopted by the Council: 

1.  extent  and  pattern  of  drug  use  in  the  general 
population 

2. prevalence of problem drug use 

3. demand for treatment by drug users 

4. drug-related deaths and mortality of drug users 

5. drug-related infectious diseases (HIV, hepatitis) 

Methodological work has been completed to formalize 
data  collection  and  reporting  structure  for  the  5  key 
indicators by EMCDDA and its partners. 

Consolidated  data  from  different  Member  States 
now  allows  new  analysis  to  be  conducted  that 
were previously infeasible. 

The EMCDDA guidelines on the 5 key indicators were 
formally  adopted  by  the  EMCDDA  Management 
Board  and  incorporated  into  a  Council  resolution  in 
December 2001. 

Regarding the implementation of the 5 key indicators, 
regular technical meetings have taken place. 

The existence of agreed and high quality reporting 
standards  has  facilitated  integration  of  the  new 
member states into the  

EU reporting system. 

EN 

36 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.1.3. The EMCDDA to develop indicators on drugs 
related  crime, 
illicit  drugs 
the  availability  of 
(including  at  street  level)  and  drug  related  social 
exclusion. 

*Drug-related  crime:  2  meetings  were  organised  in 
2002 and 2003 to establish a definition of ‘drug-related 
crime’  and  review  potential  methods  to  assess  its 
different components.  

A  meeting  on  crime  and  supply  data  foreseen  in 
2004  should  allow  reviewing  and  improving 
standards to collect and analyse data on drug law 
offences in the EU. 

A  meeting  on  crime  and  supply  data  foreseen  in 
2004  should  allow 
improve 
standards  to  collect  and  analyse  data  on  drug 
availability 
tablets’ 
contents) in the EU. 

(seizures,  price,  purity, 

to  review  and 

Further  conceptualising  work 
developing 
exclusion at EU level. 

is  needed  for 
indicators  of  drug-related  social 

Ongoing  efforts  are  still  required  to  ensure 
comparable data are available from all countries. 

The EMCDDA is to report to the HDG on the state of 
play  in  relation  to  its  work  on  drug  related  crime, 
before the end of 2004. 

*Drug availability: an expert group was set up in 2002 
and has met every year since then to develop a module 
of questions on  drug  availability  to  be  included  in  the 
European  Model  Questionnaire  (EMQ)  for  population 
surveys; 

*Drug-related social  exclusion:  a  detailed  structure  on 
the various issues related to social exclusion and drugs 
was developed and a Key Issue on drug-related social 
exclusion  was  published  in  the  EMCDDA  2003 
Annual Report.  

2.1.4. The Member States and the EMCDDA, within 
existing  financial  limits,  to  ensure  that  the  National 
Focal  Points  have 
the  necessary  political  and 
financial  support  to  implement  the  five  harmonised 
key indicators. 

The results of the external evaluation on the REITOX 
network  were 
the  EMCDDA 
Management Board and taken into account in its day to 
day work. 

examined 

by 

EMCDDA  annual  financial  contribution  to  REITOX 
focal points was indexed in 2002. 

EN 

37 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.1.6  The  Commission,  in  co-operation  with  the 
Monitoring Centre, to launch a Eurobarometre study 
on attitudes of the public, especially youth, to drugs 
throughout the EU every two years. 

2.1.7 The Commission to promote the establishment 
of  a  European  system  to  assess  and  to  encourage 
Member  States  to  develop  a  network  of  national 
expert centres in the field of toxicological analysis as 
well  as  clinical  database  and  experimental,  clinical 
or epidemiological studies. 

Eurobarometers  on  attitudes  and  opinions  of  young 
people  in  the  European  Union  on  drugs  have  been 
carried out in 2002 and in 2004. 

The Commission will take into account the results 
in the final evaluation of the EU Action Plan. 

Continuous  promotion  of  European  networks  through 
relevant Community programmes, in particular the new 
the 
Public  Health  Programme 
Programme of Community Action on the Prevention of 
Drug  Dependence)  and  Research  and  Development 
Framework Programme. 

formerly 

(and 

the  6th  Research  and  Development 
Under 
Framework  Programme,  a  project  on  Genomics 
and  mechanisms  of  addiction  has  been  selected 
for  funding  in  the  Second  Call  for  Proposals  and 
negotiations will take place in 2004. The aims of 
this are (i) identification of genes involved in the 
to 
development  and  mediation  of  addiction 
various  drugs  (including  nicotine,  alcohol  and 
polydrug  exposure),  (ii)  functional  genomics  of 
newly 
identified  genes,  (iii)  developing  and 
establishing suitable animal models of addiction. 

2.1.8  Europol  and  the  EMCDDA  to  develop  a 
standardised  database  on  drug  seizures,  to  be 
introduced  in  all  Member  States  and  based  upon 
harmonised criteria and indicators. 

Europol,  in  co-operation  with  volunteering  Member 
States  and  the  EMCDDA,  developed  the  Collection 
Model  for  a  harmonised  database  system  on  law 
enforcement drug seizure statistics. This has resulted in 
a  Council  Recommendation,  in  which  Member  States 
and,  within  their  respective  mandate  the  Commission, 
Europol  and  the  EMCDDA  are  recommended  to  use 
the Model. 

2.2  To  ensure  that  actions  against  drugs  are 
evaluated (strategy aim 2). 

EN 

38 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.2.1  The  Commission  to  organise  appropriate 
evaluations at mid-term and completion of the Drugs 
Strategy  (2000-2004)  on  the  basis  of  the  present 
Action Plan, and to present the reports to the Council 
and the Parliament. 

The  Commission  presented  a  communication  on  the 
mid  term  evaluation  of  the  EU  drugs  action  plan  in 
November 2002. The Commission intends to present a 
communication on the final evaluation of the EU Drugs 
Strategy  and  the  EU  Drugs  Action  Plan  2000-2004  in 
October 2004. 

taken 

should  be 

2.2.2  Work 
forward  by 
EMCDDA/Europol  drawing  on  expertise  from 
Member  States  to  underpin  the  EU  drugs  strategy 
with  measurable  targets  so  that  assessments  can  be 
made of progress in achieving objectives. This work 
could be completed, if possible by the end of 2000. 

the  evaluation  process, 

the  EMCDDA  and 
For 
EUROPOL have produced a snapshot on the evolution 
of the drugs situation over the period. In addiction, the 
EMCDDA has produced a selection of thematic papers 
to  assist  the  Commission  in  the  final  evaluation 
process. 

In  2001  EMCDDA  and  EUROPOL,  working  closely 
with their national partners, produced a report designed 
to identify criteria, to help underpin the Commission's 
evaluation of the Union's 2000-04 drugs strategy. 

The  assessment  criteria  have  been  adopted  by  the 
Horizontal  Working  Party  on  Drugs  and  have  been 
used  by  the  Commission  for  the  Mid-term  evaluation 
of  the  Drugs  Strategy  (2000-2004)  and  are  also  being 
used for the Final Evaluation.  

EN 

39 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.2.3 The Council, on the basis of the work done by 
the  Horizontal  Working  Party  on  Drugs  to  identify 
best  practices  of  the  Member  States  and  the 
Commission  in  the  field  of  drugs  in  co-operation 
notably  with 
the 
Multidisciplinary  group  on  organised  crime  and  the 
Health group.  

the  Drug  Trafficking  group, 

The  final  report  on  the  second  round  of  evaluation  - 
law  enforcement  and 
in  fighting  drug 
trafficking was noted by the Council in 2003. 

its  role 

Europol  has  created  and  maintains  a  Knowledge 
Management  Centre,  which  handles  information  on 
expertise and best practises.  

A  final  evaluation  of  the  Programme  of  Community 
Action  on  the  Prevention  of  Drug  Dependence  is 
expected to be completed in 2004.  

The  Commission  to  be  assisted  by  the  EMCDDA  in 
identifying  best  practices  in  the  field  of  demand 
reduction,  with  a  view 
to  submitting  uniform 
information for the EMCDDA annual report. 

EN 

40 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.2.5  The  Commission  to  organise  an  appropriate 
assessment of : 

-  the  effectiveness  of  the  Joint  Action  on  synthetic 
drugs  of  June  1997 
the 
evaluation  by  the  EMCDDA  of  the  early  warning 
system. 

into  account 

taking 

-  Community  legislation  and  its  implementation  in 
the  field  of  control  of  the  trade  in  chemical 
precursors. 

launched 

The  Commission 
in  2002  an  external 
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  Joint  Action  on 
synthetic  drugs,  and  on  the  bases  of  this  external 
assessment,  the  Commission  adopted  in  October  2003 
a  proposal  for  a  Council  Decision  on  information 
exchange, risk assessment and control of new narcotic 
drugs and new synthetic drugs. This proposal is under 
discussion at the HDG. 

The  evaluation  on  the  precursors  legislation  was 
completed  in  October  2002  by  an  external  consultant 
engaged  by  the  Commission  for  this  purpose.  The 
report  from  the  Consultant  was  submitted  to  the  Drug 
the 
Precursors  Committee.  On 
recommendations  made 
the 
in 
Commission  made  a  proposal  for  a  new  Council 
Regulation  laying  down  rules  for  the  monitoring  of 
trade 
illicit 
manufacture  of  narcotic  drugs  and  psychotropic 
substances. 

the  basis  of 
this  evaluation, 

in  certain  substances  used  for 

the 

The aim of the new Council Decision is to wider 
the scope of the JASD, covering drugs of natural 
providing 
origin, 
information, carrying out risks assessments of the 
new substances and introducing control measures. 

deadlines 

imposing 

for 

The  aim  of  the  Council  Regulation  includes  to 
strengthen  import  controls  for  synthetic  drug 
precursors,  to  strengthen  customs  controls  on 
precursors  at  the  external  border,  to  strengthen 
export 
to 
and 
strengthen controls on intermediary activities. 

requirements, 

authorisation 

A  regulation  of  the  European  Parliament  and  the 
Council  (273/2004)  relating  to  the  intra-community 
trade in precursors was adopted on 11 February 2004.  

This Regulation will strengthen the control regime 
for  the  intra  community  trade  in drug  precursors, 
whilst  enhancing  the  transparency  for  enterprises 
and the legitimate trade in chemicals. 

EN 

41 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

2.2.6  Member  States  and  Europol,  assisted  by 
scientists,  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  preventing 
and  combating  organised  drug-related  crime  and  to 
develop crime and policy indicators. 

Europol and the Commission have carried out a study 
on  the  prevention  of  organised  crime,  including 
organised  drug-related  crime.  The  study  contains 
proposals for a strategy on preventive measures against 
organised crime. 

2.2.7  Member  States  and  Europol,  assisted  by 
scientists,  to  draft  an  annual  assessment  on  the  role 
of  organised  crime  groups 
in  drug 
trafficking. 

involved 

Europol  produces 
the  annual  ‘Organised  Crime 
Report’, based on contributions by the Member States 
and taking into account reports received from countries 
outside  the  European  Union.  One  aspect  of  the  report 
covers 
the  activities  of  organised  crime  groups 
involved  in  drug  trafficking.  A  Contact  and  Support 
Network  of  Member  States’  representatives,  some  of 
whom  have  a  scientific  background,  assists  in  the 
drafting of the report. 

3. Reduction of Demand, Prevention of Drug use 
and of Drug Related Crime 

3.1  To  give  greater  priority  to  drug  prevention 
and  demand 
reduction,  particularly  new 
recruitment to drug use, as well as the reduction 
of the adverse consequences of drug use (Strategy 
aim 4) 

3.1.1  to  reduce  significantly  over  five  years  the 
prevalence of drug use, as well as new recruitment to 
it,  particularly  among  young  people  under  18  years 
of age (Strategy target 1) 

EN 

42 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

Drugs in Focus No. 5 relates to “Drug Prevention 
in  EU Schools”  and No. 10 relates  to  “Drug  Use 
among Vulnerable Young People”. 

3.1.1.1  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
develop  comprehensive  prevention  programmes  for 
both  licit  and  illicit  drugs  and  also  covering  poly-
drug use. (…) 

3.1.1.2  The  Commission  to  ensure  that  full  use  is 
made  of  the  existing  Community  programmes  to 
counter social exclusion and urban delinquency, and 
foster social reintegration.  

The  Programme  of  Community  Action  on 
the 
Prevention  of  Drug  Dependence  ran  from  1996  to 
2002. The new Public Health Programme was adopted 
on 23 September 2002 and implemented on 1 January 
2003.  It  will  run  until  31  December  2008.  One  of  the 
general  objectives  of  the  Public  Health  Programme  is 
to  promote  health  and  prevent  disease 
through 
addressing  health  determinants  (incl.  drugs)  across  all 
policies and activities. 

The  EMCDDA  supports,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
Commission,  the  disseminating  of  best  practices  and 
results  including  in  the  field  of  drug  prevention  and 
poly- drug use, through the EDDRA database. 

The  European  Social  Fund  and 
programme are used for these purposes. 

the  URBAN 

3.1.1.4 Member States and the Commission further 
to  develop  innovative  approaches  to  the  prevention 
of  the  abuse  of  synthetic  drugs,  taking  into  account 
the specificities of synthetic drug users. 

Included  among  the  activities  undertaken  in  the 
Programme of Community Action on the Prevention of 
Drug  Dependence,  continued  under  the  framework  of 
the New Public Health Programme. 

A specific suggestion for a Network of Excellence 
will be put to the Horizontal Group on Drugs for 
the FOURTH and final Call for Proposals by DG 
RTD. 

Among the tasks provided for in the Sixth Framework 
Research and Development Programme. 

3.1.2  to  reduce  substantially  over  five  years  the 
incidence  of  drug-related  health  damage  (HIV, 
hepatitis, TBC, etc.) and the number of drug-related 
deaths (Strategy target 2)  

EN 

43 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

implement 

innovative  awareness 

3.1.2.2 Member States and the Commission to plan 
and 
raising 
campaigns  on  the  dangers  related  to  drug  use  and 
programmes  on  the  reduction  of  risks  and  adverse 
consequences  related  to  drug  use.  These  campaigns 
must  be  well  targeted  and  implemented  in  co-
operation with the target groups.  

3.1.2.3 Member States and the Commission to make 
use  of  new  means  of  communication  (eg  the 
internet) to provide objective, reliable and accessible 
information  on  drugs  and  the  dangers  associated 
with them. 

Among the actions in the framework of the Programme 
of  Community  Action  on  the  Prevention  of  Drug 
Dependence,  continued  in  the  framework  of  the  New 
Public Health Programme. 

the  activities 

the  framework  of 

Among 
the 
in 
Programme of Community Action on the Prevention of 
Drug  Dependence,  continued  in  the  framework  of  the 
New  Public  Health  Programme.  Special  references  to 
the use of new means of communication are made both 
in the Public Health Programme and in the 2004 Work 
Plan. 

EN 

44 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

3.1.2.5  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to 
undertake  research  into  the  effects  of  driving  under 
the influence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals.  

Research  on  the  influence  of  alcohol,  drugs  and 
medicines  on  driving  is  included  in  the  call  for 
proposals  (29.06.2004)  for  indirect  RTD  actions 
in the area of sustainable surface transport. 

Le  programme  d'action  européen  pour  la  sécurité 
routière "Réduire de moitié le nombre de victimes de la 
l'Union  européenne  d'ici  2010:  une 
route  dans 
responsabilité  partagée  (COM(2003)  311  final  du  2 
juin  2004),  ainsi  que  la  Résolution  du  Conseil  du  27 
novembre  2003 
la 
consommation  de  substances  psychoactives  associée 
aux  accidents  de  la  route  (JO  C97  du  22.4.2004) 
reprennent  de  façon  générale  les  recommandations  du 
groupe  d'experts  de  la  Commission  "Alcool,  drugs, 
medicines and driving".  

lutte  contre 

relative  à 

la 

In  2002  the  Commission  launched  a  joint  study  with 
the  US  Administration  to  assess  the  performance  and 
use of roadside drug-testing equipment. The findings of 
this study are expected to be available in 2005.  

La  Commission  a  participé  a  la  conférence  sur  la 
sécurité routière organisée par le groupe Pompidou en 
2003 qui a mis en évidence l` évolution des législations 
des Etats Membres et de certains pays tiers et a permis 
l`  échange  des  résultats  des 
les 
participants. 

travaux  entre 

Une Recommandation de la Commission du 21 octobre 
2003  (Commission  Recommendation  of  21  October 
2003  on  enforcement  in  the  field  of  road  safety 
(2004/345/EC)  (OJ  L  111  of  17.4.2004  pp.  75-82  and 
corrigendum in OJ L 120 of 24.4.2004, P. 65)) relative 
à l'application de la réglementation dans le domaine de 
la  sécurité  routière  prévoit  que  les  Etats  membres 
transmettent  à  la  Commission  des  informations  sur 
l'impact  de  la  consommation  de  drogues  sur  les 
accidents.  The  Recommendation  will  be  evaluated 
before April 2007 (3 years after its publication). 

45 
EN 

EN 

 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

to 

3.1.3 
increase  substantially 
successfully treated addicts (Strategy target 3) 

the  number  of 

3.2.  To  make  full  use  of  the  new  possibilities 
offered by the Treaty, particularly the articles on 
health protection and research (Strategy aim 7) 

3.2.1  The  Commission 
that  drug 
prevention  is  identified  as  a  key  component  of  the 
future public health programme. 

to  ensure 

3.2.2  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
provide  adequate  resources  for  research  into  the 
biomedical  and  social  causes  of  addiction,  the 
prevention and origins of addiction, and behavioural 
patterns  of  drug  consumption.  The  Commission  to 
support  the  inclusion  of  this  area  of  research  as  a 
priority in the Community Programme for Research 
and Development. 

The New Public Health Programme was adopted on 23 
September  2002,  and  entered  into  force  on  1  January 
2003. Drug prevention is identified as a key component 
in  the  programme  (reference  is  made  to  the  general 
objective stated in Article 2, 2, c, and the Annex 3.1). 

Section  2.6,  task  8  of  the  Scientific  support  for 
policies”  part  of  the  Six  Framework  Research  and 
Development  programme,  specifically  relates  to  drugs 
research. 

Other  possibilities  for  drug  research  exist  in  chapters 
such as the chapters 1.1.1 "Genomics & Biotechnology 
for  Health",  as  well  as  under  2.  "Strengthening  the 
Foundations  of  the  European  Research  Area"  of  the 
programme. 

Three drug research projects have been financed under 
the current programme to date.  

EN 

46 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

3.2.3.  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to 
identify  new  areas,  such  as  the  spread  of  best 
practice,  training  and  networking,  where  action  at 
the  European  level  could  help  reduce  drug  related 
harm. 

A  Council  Recommendation  on  the  prevention  and 
reduction  of  health-related  harm  associated  with  drug 
dependence was adopted on 18 June 2003.  

Under the New Public Health Programme, activities in 
the field of drug related harm can be financed. 

3.3 To adopt a comprehensive approach 

3.3.1  The  Commission  and  the  Member  States  to 
develop  and  implement  preventive  actions  and 
strategies  for  all  age  groups,  particularly  children 
and young people. 

The  Programme  of  Community  Action  on 
the 
Prevention  of  Drug  Dependence  was  aimed  at  all  age 
groups, in particular young people. 

The  New  Public  Health  Programme  aims  at  all  age 
groups.  In  the  Annex  (3.1)  it  is  stated  that  actions  on 
health  determinants,  among  other  actions,  should 
include age-specific strategies.  

EN 

47 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

3.3.2  The  Commission  and  Member  States  within 
their  respective  competences  to  address  in  this 
connection and when appropriate, risk behaviour and 
addiction  in  general,  including  aspects  of  alcohol, 
medicine,  substances  used  for  doping  in  sport,  and 
tobacco use. 

A  Council  Recommendation  on  the  prevention  and 
reduction  of  health-related  harm  associated  with  drug 
dependence was adopted on 18 June 2003.  

States 

the  approximation  of  the 

laws, 
A  Directive  on 
the 
regulations  and  administrative  provisions  of 
Member 
the  manufacture, 
concerning 
presentation and sale of tobacco products, was adopted 
on 18 July 2001. A Directive on the approximation of 
the  laws,  regulations  and  administrative  provisions  of 
the  Member  States  relating  to  the  advertising  and 
sponsorship  of  tobacco  products,  was  adopted  on  20 
June 2003.  

A  Council  Recommendation  on  the  prevention  of 
smoking and on initiatives to improve tobacco control, 
was adopted on 25 January 2003. 

3.4  To  prevent  crime  linked  to  drugs,  notably 
juvenile and urban delinquency 

3.4.1  to  reduce  substantially  over  five  years  the 
number of drug related crimes (Strategy target 5) 

EN 

48 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

3.4.1.1  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to  set 
up  programmes  to  promote  best  practice  in  the 
prevention of criminal activities linked among other 
issues to drugs, juvenile and urban delinquency. 

3.4.1.2 The Council and the Commission to develop 
a  common  comparable  definition  of  the  term  drug 
related crimes on the basis of work by Europol and 
EMCDDA  in  order  to  enable  a  serious  comparison 
of the number of drug related crimes. 

In  July  2002, 
the  Council  adopted  a  Decision 
establishing  a  framework  programme  on  police  and 
judicial  co-operation  in  criminal  matters  (AGIS). 
Among  the  specific  topics  included  in  the  AGIS 
Annual  Work  Programme  and  call  for  applications 
2003  and  2004  were  preventing  urban  crime,  drug 
related  crime  and  juvenile  delinquency.  Previously, 
Community funding for the prevention of drug related 
crime was provided under the Hippocrates programme. 

In  May  2001,  the  Council  established  the  European 
Crime Prevention network (EUCPN). The secretariat of 
the EUCPN is located whithin the Commission. 

EMCDDA  and  Europol  presented  on  3  November 
2003  a  joint  proposal  for  a  common  definition  of  the 
term drug-related crime to the HDG. 

The  HDG  took  note  of  this  proposal  and  invited  the 
EMCDDA to develop its current work in this field and 
to  report  on  the  state  of  implementation  of  this  work 
before the end of 2004. 

The  EMCDDA  organised  a  1st  expert  meeting  in 
2002 to review various definitions of drug-related 
crime  and  agree  on  a  consensual  definition.  A 
definition was then developed and discussed with 
Europol  in  order  to  make  a  joint  proposal  at  the 
Horizontal Working Party on Drugs. A 2nd expert 
meeting was organised by the EMCDDA in 2003 
to  review  potential  indicators  of  drug-related 
crime. However, as mentioned above under 2.1.3., 
further conceptualising work is needed to develop 
indicators  of  specific  aspects  of  drug-related 
crime. 

EN 

49 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

3.4.4  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to 
consider the results of a study by the EMCDDA into 
the law and practice in the EU Member States on the 
handling  of  drug  addicts  in  the  justice  system, 
including  issues  such  as  identification  of  drug 
addicts  following  arrest,  alternatives  to  prison,  and 
treatment facilities within the penal system. On this 
basis,  the  Commission  and  Member  States  to 
consider  how  to  share  best  practice  in  the  area  of 
handling of drug addicts in the justice system. 

3.5 Training and Interchange of experience in the 
prevention of drug use 

EMCDDA published the study on criminal proceedings 
linked to drug use in March 2001. 

The  EMCDDA  collects  and  analyses  information  on 
assistance to drug users in prisons in cooperation with 
the  European  Network  on  Drug  Services  in  Prisons 
(ENDHSP). 

Drug  use  in  Prisons  was  a  selected  issue  in  the 
2002  EMCDDA  Annual  Report  and  Alternatives 
to  prison  will  be  in  the  2004  EMCDDA  Annual 
Report. The publication Drugs in Focus Nº. 7 was 
on “Treating Drug Users in Prison”. 

3.5.2  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
develop  and  implement  a  network  of  trainers  and 
professionals  in  the  health  and  social  sector  who 
work with drug users. 

Several  European  networks  of  professionals  are 
established  in  Europe,  co-financed  by  the  Programme 
of  Community  Action  on  the  Prevention  of  Drug 
Dependence.  Financing  continues  under  the  New 
Public Health Programme.  

3.5.3  Member  States  to  promote  the  exchange  of 
best practice in the area of prevention and to ensure 
that  all  successful  programmes  are  brought  to  the 
attention  of  other  Member  States  and 
the 
Commission.  

Among  the  activities  within  the  new  Public  Health 
Programme  and  within  the  ongoing  work  programme 
of EMCDDA. 

Publication  of  Drugs  in  Focus  Nº  5  “Drug 
Prevention  in  EU  Schools”,  Nº  10  “Drug  Use 
among  Vulnerable  Young  People”.  Several 
publications  on  successful  school  prevention  and 
selective  prevention  available  on  the  EMCDDA 
Website. 

EN 

50 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Action 

4. Supply Reduction 

illicit  drug 

4.1  To  reinforce  the  fight  against  organised 
crime, 
trafficking  and  related 
organised  crime  as  well  as  other  drug-related 
crime, and to step up police, customs and judicial 
co-operation  between  Member  States  (Strategy 
aim 5) 

4.1.1 To reduce substantially over five years the  

availability of illicit drugs (Strategy target 4) 

4.1.1.1  Member  States  to  ensure  a  high  an  uniform 
level  of  security  at  the  external  borders  of  the  EU, 
and  where  appropriate,  to  establish  joint  control 
teams, 
including  for  example,  police,  customs 
immigration and border guards 

4.1.1.2  The  Council  and  the  Commission,  with  the 
assistance  of  Europol,  to  prepare  EU  guidelines  for 
combating 
activities  via  new 
illicit  drugs 
technologies and in particular the internet.  

State of play 

Comments 

The  Commission  presented  a  proposal  for  a  Council 
Regulation  establishing  the  European  Agency  for  the 
Management of Operational at the external Borders of 
Members  States  of  the  European  Union  in  November 
2003. JHA Council reached political agreement on the 
Commission proposal in March 2004. Formal adopting 
pending. 

The  Commission  put  forward  a  Communication  on 
Cyber crime.  

The  European  Agency  for  the  Management  of 
Operational  Co-operation  at  the  External  Borders 
of  the  Member  States  of  the  EU  should  be 
operational from 2005. 

Europol, in co-operation with the Member States, 
launched  a  project  on  High  Technology  Crime, 
including drug-related offences, with the intention 
to establish a High Technology Centre at Europol. 

EN 

51 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

Between  2000  and  2004,  several 
joint  customs 
operations  on  drugs  trafficking  (including  maritime 
trafficking) have been organised, with Community co-
financing, 
in  many  cases  all  customs 
administrations of the EU. 

involving 

4.1.1.3  Member  States,  with  the  assistance  of 
Europol, taking into account the existing EU systems 
for exchange of information, to work together in the 
relevant  Council  bodies,  to  reinforce  their  efforts 
against  maritime  drug  trafficking,  including  the 
provision  of  training  on  the  identification  and 
surveillance  of  suspicious  vessels  and  establishing 
procedures for boarding and searching vessels where 
appropriate.  Member  States  should  recognise  the 
importance of implementing the principles laid down 
in  Article 17  of  the  UN  Convention  against  Illicit 
in  Narcotic  Drugs  and  Psychotropic 
Traffic 
substances. 

EN 

52 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

forensic 

law 
to 

identifying 

4.1.1.4  Member  States,  with  the  assistance  of 
Europol,  to  further  consider  the  possibilities  of 
enforcement 
and 
combining 
information,  with  a  view 
the 
production  and  trafficking  of  synthetic  drugs,  the 
composition  of  such  drugs,  and  those  involved  in 
their  production  and  trafficking.  To  that  extent, 
should 
Member  States' 
exchange  information  on  the  analysis  of  samples 
taken  from  synthetic  drugs  seizures.  If  appropriate 
the  results  should  be  made  available  to  relevant 
health authorities in the Member States. 

laboratories 

forensic 

A  number  of  EU  projects  in  this  field  exist,  such  as: 
Comprehensive  Action  against  synthetic  drugs  in 
Europe  (CASE),  European  Joint  Unit  in  precursors 
(EJUP), and European Illicit Laboratories Comparison 
System (EILCS). 

EUROPOL and the Commission presented a report on 
these projects to the HDG in December 2003.  

In April  2004,  the  Commission presented  to  the HDG 
suggestions  for  possible  further  improvements  of  the 
methods of mapping distribution networks of synthetic 
drugs in the EU. 

Europol  has  evaluated  and  upgraded  the  Europol 
Ecstasy Logo System (EELS) relating to the collection, 
assessment  and  dissemination  of  law  enforcement  and 
ballistic data on ecstasy seizures, involving all Member 
States. 

A  Council  recommendation  regarding  guidelines 
for taking samples of seized drugs was adopted in 
the first semester of 2004. 

In  line  with  a  Council  Resolution  adopted  in 
November  2002,  a  Commission  questionnaire  on 
the  generic  classification  and  emergency  list 
approach to synthetic drugs was forwarded to the 
Member  States.  The  results  of  this  questionnaire 
the 
were  presented  by 
Council’s Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG) in June 
2003. Work  is  still  ongoing on  this  issue  and  the 
Commission hopes to be in a position to provide a 
further  report  to  the  HDG  before  the  end  of  this 
year. 

the  Commission 

to 

EN 

53 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

4.1.1.5 The Commission to support, as appropriate, 
efforts by Member States to improve police, customs 
and judicial co-operation, notably through exchange 
and  training  programmes,  taking  advantage  of  the 
experience  and  results  of  the  existing  third  pillar 
programmes. 

4.1.1.6 Member States and Europol to implement the 
project-based  EU  law  enforcement  strategy  against 
transnational  organised  crime 
to  combat  drug 
trafficking. 

In  July  2002, 
the  Council  adopted  a  Decision 
establishing  a  framework  programme  on  police  and 
judicial  co-operation  in  criminal  matters  (AGIS). 
Among  the  specific  topics  included  in  the  AGIS 
Annual  Work  Programme  and  call  for  applications 
2003 and 2004 was drug related crime prevention and 
measures  to  prevent  and  combat  drugs  trafficking. 
Covering  the period  2002/2007,  the  AGIS  programme 
extends  the  work  of  the  programmes  that  formally 
operated  under  Title  VI  TEU  and  incorporates  the 
activities  previously  funded  under  budget  heading  18 
07 02 “Preparatory actions for a programme to combat 
drug “trafficking”. 

The strategy is being implemented by Europol and the 
Member  States  in  the  framework  of  Analysis  Work 
Files  as  provided  for  by  the  Europol  Convention. 
Within  these  AWFs  the  Target  Oriented  Approach 
(TOA) and Regional Approach (RA) are being applied, 
whereby  within 
individual  sub-projects  different 
criminal  groups  are  being  targeted  by  those  Member 
States  that  have  a  direct  interest  in  the  investigations. 
Further implementation may take place in other forms 
of  international  law  enforcement  and  judicial  co-
operation, e.g. joint investigative teams. 

4.1.2. to reduce substantially over five years money-
laundering  and 
trafficking  of  precursors 
(Strategy target 6) 

illicit 

EN 

54 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

the 

confiscation 

Agreement was reached on a Framework Decision 
concerning 
the 
instrumentalities  and  proceeds  of  crime  and  a 
protocol to the Convention on Mutual Assistance 
in  Criminal  Matters  of  29  May  2000,  relating 
specifically to financial crime. 

of 

A Council Decision was adopted in October 2000 
to  ensure  and  facilitate  co-operation  between 
Financial  Intelligence  Units.  A  draft  Framework 
Decision  on  the  laundering  of  Crime  Related 
in 
Proceeds 
December 2002. 

agreement 

received 

political 

A Framework Decision on the mutual recognition 
of  orders  freezing  property  and  evidence  was 
in  July  2003.  A  draft  Framework 
adopted 
Decision 
of 
the  mutual 
confiscation orders received political agreement in 
April 2004. 

recognition 

on 

4.1.2.1  The  Commission  to  report  regularly  to  the 
Council  on  the  control  of  money  laundering  in  the 
EU,  actions  undertaken  in  the  previous  year,  and 
proposed action in the year to come. 

A  second  anti-money  laundering  Directive,  extending 
and  updating  the  1991  Directive,  was  adopted  in 
December 2001.  

A proposal for a third anti-money laundering directive 
was adopted by the Commission in June 2004. 

A Protocol to the Europol Convention has extended the 
mandate  of  Europol 
laundering 
irrespective  of  whether  Europol  has  also  mandate  in 
connection with the predicate offence. However, only a 
handful  of  Member  states  have  ratified  and  the 
Protocol has not therefore entered into force. 

to  all  money 

EN 

55 
EN 

 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

A draft Commission Regulation to implement the 
new  proposal  for  a  Council  Regulation 
is 
currently under discussion in the Drugs Precursors 
Committee. 

The  Commission  organized 
a  Conference 
(through TAIEX) focused on Control of Precursor 
Chemicals in September 2001. 

4.1.2.4  The  Commission  to  report  regularly  to  the 
Council  on  the  control  of  the  diversion  of  illicit 
chemical  precursors,  actions  undertaken  in  the 
previous  year,  and  proposed  action  in  the  year  to 
come. 

put 

has 

Commission 

The 
forward: 
1.  A  proposal  for  a  new  Council  Regulation  laying 
down  rules  for  the  monitoring  of  trade  in  certain 
substances  used  for  the  illicit  manufacture  of  narcotic 
drugs  and  psychotropic  substances.  This  proposal  is 
currently under discussion at Council level. 

replacing 

2.  A  new  Regulation,  273/2004  was  adopted  on  11 
February  2004, 
the  Council  Directive 
92/109/EEC.  This  Regulation  will  strengthen  the 
control  regime  for  the  intra  community  trade  in  drug 
precursors,  whilst  enhancing  the  transparency  for 
enterprises and the legitimate trade in chemicals.  

A  precursors  agreement  with  Turkey  has  been 
concluded;  it  was  ratified  by  the  Turkish  Grand 
National  Assembly  on  21  April  2004  and  enter  into 
force on 1st August 2004. 

Bilateral joint follow-up group meetings with USA and 
Andean Countries have recently taken place. 

The negotiations of further precursors agreements with 
third  countries  is  being  considered  (for  instance  with 
the ASEAN countries)  

to  establish, 

4.1.2.5  The  Commission 
in  co-
operation  with  the  Member  States,  a  procedure  for 
the  voluntary  monitoring  of  the  non-scheduled 
chemical  precursors  of  synthetic  drugs  in  co-
operation with the chemical industry. 

Commission  guidelines  and  a  list  of  non-controlled 
chemicals  subject  to  voluntary  monitoring  measures 
have  been  produced  to  assist  the  chemical  industry. 
These  have  been  disseminated  to  Member  Stares  and 
have been sent out to the chemical industry.  

EN 

56 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

4.1.2.6  Member  States,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
Commission  and  Europol  where  appropriate,  to 
provide training for customs and police in combating 
the diversion of chemical precursors. 

Europol,  in  co-operation  with  Member  States’  experts 
and the Commission, has developed and organises on a 
regular  basis  a  European  Union  Training  Course  for 
trainers  on  the  combating  of  illicit  synthetic  drug 
laboratories.  As  a  result,  trained  trainers  organised 
courses  in  two  Member  States,  (with  the  assistance  of 
Europol)  for  police,  customs  officers,  forensic  experts 
and members of the fire brigade. 

4.2  To  make  full  use  of  the  new  possibilities 
offered by the Treaty of Amsterdam, particularly 
the  articles  on  drug  control,  police  co-operation 
and  judicial  co-operation  as  well  as  the  common 
minimum  standards  in  legislation  (Strategy  aim 
7) 

4.2.2 Member States, with the assistance of Europol 
where  appropriate,  to  reinforce  their  co-operation 
against drug trafficking and in particular to establish, 
within  the  appropriate  legal  framework,  joint  teams 
when dealing with drug trafficking between Member 
States. 

The  council  has  adopted  a  Recommendation  to  the 
Member States on requests made by Europol to initiate 
criminal 
in  specific  cases  and  a 
Framework Decision on Joint Investigation Teams. 

investigations 

Some  Member  States  are  in  the  process  of  initiating 
joint teams with Europol participation. 

6 Member States have created the European Joint Unit 
on  Precursors  (EJUP),  which  is  financed  by  the 
Commission,  located  at  Europol  and  supported  by 
Europol through an Analysis Work File (AWF). 

EN 

57 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

4.2.3  Promote  regional  co-operation  where  MS  are 
effected by similar drug problems 

4.2.4  The  Commission,  having  consulted 
the 
EMCDDA  and  taken  account  of  existing,  relevant 
sources  of  information,  to  launch  a  study  into  the 
definitions,  penalties  and  practical  implementation 
of laws by the courts and law enforcement agencies 
for  drug  trafficking  within  the  Member  States.  On 
the  basis  of  that  study,  the  Commission  is  to 
propose  measures  establishing  minimum 
rules 
relating to the constituent elements and penalties for 
illicit  drug 
the 
relevant provisions of the TEU. The study should be 
completed by the end of 2000 and proposals should 
be brought forward by 31 March 2001. 

trafficking  in  accordance  with 

4.2.5  Member  States  and  Europol  to  promote  new 
and 
investigation 
documentation of drug-related crime. 

techniques 

research 

and 

The  AGIS  framework  programme  allows  for  co-
financing of regional  co-operation drug projects. Such 
projects  have  also  previously  received  Community 
funding. 

The Commission study was completed in March 2001.  

The  Commission  presented  a  proposal  for  a  Council 
Framework Decision laying down minimum provisions 
on  the  constituent  elements  of  criminal  acts  and 
penalties  in  the  field  of  illicit  drug  trafficking  in  May 
2001. Political agreement on this proposal was reached 
at the Council in November 2003. 

The European Parliament delivered its first opinion on 
the  proposal  in  April  2002  and  after  reconsultation 
delivered its second opinion in March 2004. 

Europol  has  created  and  maintains  a  Knowledge 
Management  Centre,  which  handles  information  on 
expertise  and  best  practises.  The  centre  also  contains 
sources  of  information  relating  to  new  investigative 
techniques.  In  addition,  the  Drugs  Unit  of  Europol 
collects  and  stores  documentation  on  drug-related 
crime.  Relevant  information  is  being  disseminated 
through regular Drug Information Bulletins. 

EN 

58 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

4.2.6  The  Chief  Police  Officers  Task  Force  to 
consider  to  include  drug  trafficking  among  its 
priority  areas  of  work,  in  particular  examining  how 
police  co-operation  on  drug  trafficking  could  be 
improved  and  what  policing  priorities  should  be  in 
this area. 

5. International 

5.1  To  progressively  integrate  the  candidate 
countries  and  to 
international  co-
intensify 
operation  with  other  countries  and  international 
organisations (Strategy aim 9) 

Combating drug trafficking is a task of the Chief 
Police Officers Task Force. 

their 

5.1.1  The  Commission  and  the  Council  to  ensure 
that  the  candidate  countries  adopt  the  Community 
acquis  and  best  practice  in  the  field  of  drugs,  and 
that 
is  satisfactory.  The 
Member  States  and  the  Commission  to  draw  up  an 
action  plan  on  drugs  with  the  candidate  countries 
which set out the ground they need to cover to meet 
the acquis as soon as possible. 

implementation 

The  Justice  and  Home  Affairs  Chapter,  including  the 
the  EU  acquis  has  been 
drugs  elements,  of 
provisionally closed for Bulgaria and negotiations with 
Romania  in  relation  to  closure  of  this  Chapter  are 
progressing. 

to  negotiate  with 

5.1.2  The  Commission 
the 
candidate  countries  to  allow  them  to  participate  in 
the  work  of  the  European  Monitoring  Centre  for 
Drugs  and  Drug  Addiction.  The  Commission  to 
propose  to  the  Council  a  draft  mandate  for  these 
negotiations as soon as possible. 

Negotiations with Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey have 
been concluded; the agreement with Romania has been 
initialled and the agreements with Bulgaria and Turkey 
will be initialled very shortly.  

EN 

59 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

The  Phare  Regional  Drugs  Programme  had  two 
components: 10M€ was used to finance the Multi-
Beneficiary  Drugs  Programme;  10M€  was 
allocated to drug twinnings (1M€ per country).  

Projects  focused  on  two  major  areas:  capacity 
building  to  enable  beneficiaries  to  participate  in 
EMCDDA  work,  and  drug  law  enforcement, 
money 
and 
precursors’ diversion. These projects concluded in 
Spring  2004.  However,  the  performance  of  the 
National Focal Points, supported by the twinnings 
in Bulgaria and Romania, is not satisfactory. 

laundering, 

synthetics 

drugs 

5.1.3  The  Commission  and  the  Member  States  to 
continue  to  support,  with  technical  assistance  and 
finance  where  necessary,  the  candidate  countries  in 
their  efforts  to  counter  drug  abuse  and  drug 
trafficking.  Particular  attention  should  be  given, 
including  under  PHARE,  towards  the  development 
of  national  strategies,  national  drugs  units,  focal 
points  for  the  EMCDDA  and  effective  controls  on 
drugs  entering  the  EU  and  candidate  countries.  For 
countries  not  covered  by  PHARE,  assistance 
mechanisms  should  include  provision  for  counter-
drugs  work.  The  Commission  should  seek  out, 
within existing ceilings, new sources of funding for 
co-operation  with  Turkey  and  include  co-operation 
on  drugs  issues  in  the  forthcoming  drafting  of  the 
Accession Partnership. Consideration should also be 
given  to  targeted  drugs  twinning,  and  making 
available specialist pre-accession drugs advisers. 

In  total  20M€  was  made  available  for  drug  control 
activities  within  the  Phare  Program  In  addition,  2  M€ 
was allocated to a joint EMCDDA-Phare project “Co-
operation  EMCDDA-CEECs,  Feb.  2002-  Sept  2002” 
and  €  500,000  to  a  joint  EMCDDA-Phare  Project 
“Participation of candidate CEECs´s in the EMCDDA” 
Dec 2002-June 2004”. 

The Phare programme is also a source of assistance for 
Bulgaria  and  Romania.  Financial  pre-accession 
assistance  is  provided  to  Turkey  under  Regulation 
2500/2001.  Twinnings  to  establish  the National Drugs 
Focal Point began with Bulgaria and Romania in 2001. 
A  twinning  with  Turkey  will  begin  in  2004  entitled 
“Sustaining  the  National  Drugs  Focal  Point”.  This 
twinning will also support the development of a revised 
National Drugs Strategy. 

5.1.4  The  Council  to  have  an  annual  debate  on  all 
EU  assistance  projects  in  the  candidate  countries  in 
the field of drugs.  

Commission  has  been  unable  to  retrieve  information 
from Member States in this regard. 

5.1.5  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to 
implement  the  Pre-accession  pact  on  organised 
crime and extend it to all applicant countries. 

Candidate countries: 

Implementation of regional measures is underway. 

EN 

60 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

5.2  To  promote 
international  co-operation, 
integration of  drug  control  into  EU  development 
co-operation  and  to  support  the  efforts  of  the 
United  Nations  and  of  UNDCP  in  particular  to 
develop  international  co-operation,  based  on  the 
principles  adopted  at  the  UNGASS  in  June  1998 
(Strategy aim 10) 

EN 

61 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

5.2.1  The  Commission  and  the  Council  to  give 
priority  in  the  international  efforts  to  counter  the 
drug  problem  to  the  candidate  countries  and  those 
regions  of  the  world  that  either  produces  drugs  or 
through which drugs transit on their way to the EU. 

Most  of  the  EC  resources  devoted  to  the  fight  against 
drugs  are  focused  on  the  countries  and  regions  along 
the  heroin  (Afghanistan,  Central  Asia,  Caucasus, 
Eastern  Europe)  and  cocaine  (Andean  region  and  the 
Caribbean)  routes.  All  cooperation  agreements  with 
developing 
drug-fighting 
cooperation clause. 

countries 

contain 

a 

The  EU-Ukraine  JHA  Action  Plan  provides  for 
activities  concerning  drugs.  The  Commission 
is 
implementing the Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova Anti-
Drug  programme  (BUMAD)  aimed  at  reducing  drug 
trafficking and drug abuse. 

In the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy, 
Action  Plans  are  currently  under  discussion  with 
Ukraine,  Moldova,  Jordan,  Israel,  the  Palestinian 
Authority, Tunisia, Morocco. These draft Action Plans 
(except for the Palestinian Authority) include a section 
dealing with drugs. 

Implementation  of  the  EU-Russia  Action  Plan  against 
Organized  Crime  and  of  the  EU-Ukraine  Action  Plan 
on Justice and Home Affairs which both include fight 
taking  place  with 
against  drugs  and  discussions 
Moldova and Ukraine on the European Neighbourhood 
Policy  Action  Plans  and  with  Russia  on  an  Action 
Plan/Road  Map  for  a  EU-Russia  Common  Space  on 
Freedom, Security and Justice. 

EN 

62 
EN 

 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

5.2.2  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to  co-
ordinate their projects in third countries and regions 
to  enable  joint  assessment  and  implementation  of 
their action. 

The  Commission  and  Member  States  have  a  regular 
dialogue  within  the  Horizontal  Drugs  Group  of  the 
Council,  as  regards  the  actions  undertaken  by  the 
Commission. 

For  a  better  coordination  among  Member  States  and 
with  the  Commission,  information  on  all  Member 
States’ projects is needed. 

5.2.3  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
strengthen  co-operation  with  multilateral  and 
this  would 
international  organisations,  where 
increase the effectiveness of their actions. 

The  UNODC  and  UNDP  have  implemented/continue 
to implement EC projects in Russia, Iran, Central Asia, 
Southern Caucasus and South Africa. 

The  Commission  maintains  regular  contacts  with  the 
UNODC and the UNDP. It continues to be an UNODC 
Major Donor and a member of the Dublin Group, thus 
participating  actively  in  two  of  the  most  important 
international  co-ordination  mechanisms  in  the  area  of 
drugs. 

EN 

63 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

5.2.4  The  Commission  and  the  Member  States  to 
continue  to  make  available  adequate  resources  for 
the  implementation  of  programmes  and  projects  for 
supply  reduction  (for  example  combating  drug 
trafficking  and  supporting  alternative  development) 
and  demand  reduction.  Member  States  and  the 
Commission  to  report  annually  to  the  Council 
(Horizontal  Working  Party  on  Drugs)  on  all 
assistance  projects  undertaken  in  third  countries  in 
the field of drugs, and for a matrix to be kept up to 
date.  The  Commission  and  the  Member  States  to 
inform each other of all assistance projects for third 
countries  in  the  field  of  drugs,  whenever  possible 
and necessary already in the preparatory process. 

5.2.6  The  Member  States  and  the  Commission  to 
draw  up  action  plan  on  drugs  co-operation  with 
North  Africa,  and  to  implement  fully  the  action 
plans  on  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean  and 
Central Asia. 

List  of  ongoing  projects  financed  by  the  Commission 
and  Member  States  in  third  countries  prepared  by  the 
Commission  and  presented  to  the  HDG  in  November 
2001. 

Since then, the Commission has been unable, as yet, to 
produce  a  consolidated  list  of  all  EU  projects,  due  to 
insufficient information from Member States. 

Nonetheless, it has continued to inform Member states 
of its own activities and projects in third countries and 
has submitted to the HDG its annual matrix of projects. 

EU Central Asia Action Plan on drugs was adopted by 
the countries of the region. Commission has appointed 
an EU Drugs-Coordinator for the region. 

Commission  has  continued 
implement  actions 
foreseen in the Panama Action Plan and in the Central 
Asia Action Plan.  

to 

The  draft  Action  Plans  with  Tunisia  and  Morocco 
under  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  are  currently 
under  discussion,  they  include  a  section  dealing  with 
drugs. 

The  Commission  is  also  taking  a  major  initiative  on 
cannabis in Morocco. 

EN 

64 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
Action 

State of play 

Comments 

5.2.7  The  Commission  and  Member  States  to  help 
non-EU  countries  and  regions  to develop  their  anti-
money laundering systems. 

An EC project to assist Asian ASEM partner countries 
is under implementation. 

In  2004,  a  twinning  with  Turkey  will  be  devoted  to 
strengthening the fight against money laundering. 

In  Ukraine,  TACIS 
strengthen the Financial Analytical Units (FAU). 

is  supporting  a  project 

to 

Commission/Member  States  have  encouraged regional 
co-operation  to  combat  money  laundering  in  Western 
Balkans  through  adoption  of  regional  measures  to 
combat  money 
JHA  Ministerial 
laundering  at 
November 2003 and through CARDS programme. 

The  European  Neighbourhood  Policy  draft  Action 
Plans envisages anti-money laundering activities. 

structures 

reflect  agreed 

Data 
international 
standards of good practices and facilitate dialogue 
with  non  EU  member  States,  regional  and 
international organisations 

5.2.8 Member States and the Commission to support 
the  development  of  a  common  international  set  of 
indicators  in  the  field  of  demand  reduction,  and  to 
promote a common standard for national reporting to 
international organisations. 

The Commission has supported CND initiatives in this 
regard. 

EMCDDA and UNDCP worked together on this issue. 

5.2.9  The  Commission  and  the  Member  States  to 
integrate  drugs  as  a  cross-sectional  issue  into  their 
supranational  co-operation  schemes  (particularly 
with the developing countries). 

Drug  fighting  is  a  priority  for  the  Commission  in 
cooperation  with  those  countries  and  regions  where 
drugs  pose  a  major  challenge 
sustainable 
development. 

to 

5.2.10 The EU will continue its support for national 
efforts  to  eliminate  illicit  cultivation  of  drug  crops, 
according to the principle of shared responsibility. 

The  GSP  Drugs  scheme  and  Commission  alternative 
livelihoods 
/alternative  development  projects  are 
important initiatives in this regard. 

EN 

65 
EN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX 3 

Instruments of the European Union in the field of drugs (2000 – 2004). 

A. Instruments of the EU adopted during the period 1 January 2000 – 31 July 2004. 

- Council Resolution on cannabis. CORDROGUE 59 – 07.07.2004 

- Progress report in relation to the Implementation Plans on Demand and Supply Reduction of 
Drugs and the Supply of Synthetic drugs – CORDROGUE 43 – 14.06.2004 

-  Council  Recommendation  regarding  guidelines  for  taking  samples  of  seized  drugs. 
CORDROGUE 26 - 30.03.2004 

- Regulation (EC) no 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 
2004 on drug precursors. OJ L 47, 18.02.2004 - P.1 

-  Council  Decision  2003/847/JHA  of  27  November  2003  concerning  control  measures  and 
criminal  sanctions  in  respect  of  the  new  synthetic  drugs  2C-I,  2C-T-2,  2C-T-7  and  TMA-2, 
OJ L 321,06.12.2003 - P. 64 

- Resolution of the Council on combating the impact of psychoactive substances use on road 
accidents. CORDROGUE 97 – 13.11.2003 

-  Council  resolution  on  the  posting  of  liaison  officers  with  particular  expertise  in  drugs  to 
Albania. CORDROGUE 95 - 13.11.2003 

-  Council  Resolution  of  17  December  2003  on  training  for  drug  law  enforcement  officers. 
CORDROGUE 96 – 12.11.2003 

- Council Resolution on the importance of the role of the families in preventing drug abuse by 
adolescents. CORDROGUE 94 – 12.11.2003 

-  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  on 
coordination on drugs in the European Union. COM/2003/0681 final - 12.11.2003 

- Resolution of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within 
the  Council,  for  the  development  of  education  curricula  on  substance  misuse  disorders  for 
medical  and  other  care  students  and  professionals  and  their  inclusion  in  university  studies. 
CORDROGUE 57 - 19.06.2003 

- Resolution of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within 
the  Council  for  the  integration  of  the  effective  management  (diagnosis,  brief  intervention, 
referrals)  and  medically  assisted  treatment  for  opiate  dependent  patients  within  the  national 
health care. CORDROGUE 56 - 19.06.2003 

- Council Recommendation of 18 June 2003 on the prevention and reduction of health-related 
harm associated with drug dependence. OJ L 165, 03.07.2003 P.31  

-  Resolution  of  the  Council  on  the  importance  of  early  intervention  to  prevent  drug 
dependence  and  drug  related  harm  among  young  people  using  drugs.  CORDROGUE  58  – 
13.06.2003 

EN 

66 

   EN 

 
- Implementation paper on demand and supply reduction to deliver the EU Drugs Action Plan. 
CORDROGUE 40 – 27.05.2003 

-  Action  Plan  on  Drugs  between  the  EU  and  Countries  of  Western  Balkans  and  Candidate 
Countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey). CORDROGUE 3 REV 2 - 23.05.2003 

- Agreement between the European Community and the Turkish Republic on precursors and 
chemical  substances  frequently  used  in  the  illicit  manufacture  of  narcotic  drugs  or 
psychotropic substances. OJ L 064, 07.03.2003 - P.30  

- Resolution of the Representatives of the Member States meeting within the Council on the 
treatment of drug abusers in prisons. CORDROGUE 54 REV 4 – 28.11. 2002  

-  Implementation  plan  on  actions  to  be  taken  in  regard  to  the  supply  of  synthetic  drugs. 
CORDROGUE 81 REV 2 – 26.11.2002 

- Council Resolution on the generic classification of specific groups of new synthetic drugs. 
CORDROGUE 64 REV 4 – 11.11. 2002  

-  Communication  from  the  Commission  to  the  Council  and  the  European  parliament  on  the 
mid-term  evaluation  of  the  EU  action  plan  on  drugs.  (2000-2004).  COM(2002)599, 
04.11.2002 

-  Council  Decision  of  30  September  2002  adopting  a  specific  programme  for  research, 
technological  development  and  demonstration:  ‘Integrating  and  strengthening  the  European 
Research Area (2002-2006). OJ L 232, 29.10.2002 – P.1 

- Decision No 1786/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 
2002 adopting a programme of Community action in the field of public health (2003-2008). 
OJ L 271, 09.10.2002 - P.1 

-  Action  plan  on  Drugs  between  the  EU  and  Central  Asian  republics  (Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). CORDROGUE 78 - 25.09.2002  

-  Council  Decision  of  22  July  2002  establishing  a  framework  programme  on  police  and 
judicial cooperation in criminal matters (AGIS). OJ L 203, 01.08.2002 - P.5  

- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1232/2002 of 9 July 2002 replacing the Annex to Council 
Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion 
of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances 
and amending Regulation (EEC) No 3769/92 . OJ L 180, 10.07.2002 - P.5 

-  Council  Framework  Decision  of  13  June  2002  on  joint  investigation  teams.  OJ  L  162, 
20.06.2002 - P.1  

-  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  988/2002  of  3  June  2002  amending  Regulation  (EEC)  No 
3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to 
the 
substances 
illicit  manufacture 
OJ L 151, 11.06.2002 - P.1  

psychotropic 

narcotic 

drugs 

and 

of 

-  Resolution  of  the  Council  on  the  incorporation  of  drug  prevention  in  school  curricula. 
CORDROGUE 4 REV 3 - 08.05. 2002 

EN 

67 

   EN 

 
- Council Recommendation of 25 April 2002 on improving investigation methods in the fight 
against organised crime linked to organised drug trafficking: simultaneous investigations into 
drug  trafficking  by  criminal  organisations  and  their  finances/assets.  OJ  C  114,  15.05.2002  - 
P.1 

-  Council  Recommendation  of  25  April  2002  on  the  need  to  enhance  cooperation  and 
exchanges  of  information  between  the  various  operational  units  specialising  in  combating 
trafficking in precursors in the Member States of the European Union. OJ C 114, 15.05.2002 - 
P.3 

- Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Member States on the prevention 
of the recreational use of drugs. CORDROGUE 2 REV 3 – 15.04. 2002 

- Council Decision of 28 February 2002 concerning control measures and criminal sanctions 
in respect of the new synthetic drug PMMA. OJ L 063, 06.03.2002 - P. 14  

-  Joint  declaration  on  drugs  of  the  Ministers  of  the  European  Union  in  association  with  the 
European Commission, and the Candidate Countries. CORDROGUE 7 REV 2 – 15.02 2002 

-  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  2501/2001  of  10  December  2001  applying  a  scheme  of 
generalised tariff preferences for the period from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2004.  OJ L 
346, 31.12.2001- P.1  

- Directive 2001/97/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001 
amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC on prevention of the use of the financial system for 
the purpose of money laundering - Commission Declaration. OJ L 344, 28.12.2001- P. 76 

-  Council  Resolution  on  the  implementation  of  the  five  key  epidemiological  indicators  on 
drugs,  developed  by  the  European  Monitoring  Centre  for  Drugs  and  Drug  Addiction 
(EMCDDA). CORDROGUE 67- 15.11.2001 

- Council Act of 16 October 2001 establishing, in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on 
European  Union,  the  Protocol  to  the  Convention  on  Mutual  Assistance  in  Criminal  Matters 
between the Member States of the European Union.OJ C 326, 21.11.2001 - P.1 

- Council Decision of 28 June 2001 establishing a programme of incentives and exchanges, 
training and cooperation for the prevention of crime (Hippokrates). OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 - P. 
11 

-  Council  Framework  Decision  of  26  June  2001  on  money  laundering,  the  identification, 
tracing, freezing, seizing and confiscation of instrumentalities and the proceeds of crime. OJ L 
182, 05.07.2001 - P. 1 

-  Council  Decision  of  28  June  2001  establishing  a  second  phase  of  incentives,  exchanges, 
training and cooperation for law enforcement authorities (Oisin II) – OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 – 
P.4  

-  Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  1116/2001  of  5  June  2001  amending  Regulation  (EEC)  No 
3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to 
substances. 
illicit  manufacture 
the 
O J L 153, 08.06.2001 - P. 4  

psychotropic 

narcotic 

drugs 

and 

of 

EN 

68 

   EN 

 
-  Council  Decision  of  28  May  2001  setting  up  a European  crime  prevention  network.  OJ  L 
153, 08.06.2001 - P.1  

- Council Decision of 28 May 2001 on the transmission of samples of controlled substances.  
O J L 150, 06.06.2001 - P.1  

- Council recommendation on the alignment of law enforcement drug and diverted precursors 
statistics. STUP 26 – 30.10.2001 and STUP 29-13.11.2001 

-  Council  conclusions  on  networking  information  on  emerging  trends  and  patterns  in  drug 
abuse and poly-drug use and the associated risks. O J C 017, 19.01.2001 - P. 2  

-  Initiative  of  the  Kingdom  of  Sweden  with  a  view  to  adopting  a  JHA  Council  Decision 
establishing  a  system  of  special  forensic  profiling  analysis  of  synthetic  drugs.  OJ  C  10, 
12.01.2001 - P. 1  

-  Council  Decision  of  17  October  2000  concerning  arrangements  for  cooperation  between 
financial intelligence units of the Member States in respect of exchanging information. OJ L 
271, 24.10.2000 - P. 4  

- Council Regulation (EC) No 2220/2000 of 28 September 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) 
No  302/93  on  the  establishment  of  a  European  Monitoring  Centre  for  Drugs  and  Drug 
Addiction. OJ L 253, 07.10.2000 - P.1 

-  Council  Decision  of  28  September  2000  on  the  conclusion  of  an  agreement  between  the 
European  Community  and  the  Kingdom  of  Norway  on  the  participation  of  Norway  in  the 
work  of  the  European  Monitoring  Centre  for  Drugs  and  Drug  Addiction.  OJ  L  257, 
11.10.2000 - P.23 

- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1610/2000 of 24 July 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) 
No 3769/92 implementing and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down 
measures  to  be  taken  to  discourage  the  diversion  of  certain  substances  to  the  illicit 
manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. JO L 185, 25.07.2000 - P.30  

-  Convention  established  by  the  Council  in  accordance  with  Article  34  of  the  Treaty  on 
European Union, on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the 
European Union. JO C 197, 12.07.2000 – P-3  

EN 

69 

   EN 

 
B. Pending EU instruments. 

- Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of 
the  use  of  the  financial  system  for  the  purpose  of  money  laundering,  including  terrorist 
financing. COM (2004) 448 – 30.06.2004 

- Proposal for a Council Regulation laying down rules for the monitoring of trade between the 
Community  and  third  countries  in  drug  precursors”.  UD  81,  CORDROGUE,  COMER  120, 
30.06.2004 

- Proposal for a Council Regulation on the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug 
Addiction (recast). COM (2003) 808 (01) - 19.12.2003 

- Draft Council Recommendation on the monitoring of the chemical composition of narcotics, 
in  order  to  improve  investigation  results  in  the  fight  against  transnational  drug  trafficking 
within the European Union. CORDROGUE 82-13.11.2003 

-  Proposal  for  a  Council  Decision  on  the  information  exchange,  risk-assessment  and  the 
control on new narcotic drugs and new synthetic drugs. COM(2003)0560 final - 03.10.2003. 

- Initiative by the Kingdom of Spain for the conclusion of a Convention on the suppression by 
customs administrations of illicit drug trafficking on the high seas. JO C 45, 19.02.2002  

-  Proposal  for  a  Council  framework  Decision  laying  down  minimum  provisions  on  the 
constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking. COM 
(001) 259 final 23.05.2001. OJ C 304 E, 30.10.2001 - P.172 

EN 

70 

   EN