Proposal for a Council Decision on the signing of the Co-operation Agreement on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) between the European Community and its Member States, and the State of Israel
Date: 2004-04-22
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU research policy, Israel, cooperation agreement (EU), satellite navigation, scientific cooperation

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 22.4.2004 
COM(2004) 286 final 

2004/0094 (ACC) 

Proposal for a 

COUNCIL DECISION 

on the signing of the Co-operation Agreement on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite 
System (GNSS) between the European Community and its Member States, and the State 
of Israel 

(presented by the Commission) 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
  
  
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 

On  10  February  1999,  the  Commission  adopted  a  Communication  entitled  ‘GALILEO  – 
involving  Europe  in  a  new  generation  of  Satellite  Navigation  Services1.’  This  sets  out  a 
strategy for developing GALILEO, a global European component of GNSS-2. GALILEO will 
be independent but fully interoperable with the US GPS system and open to cooperation with 
other third countries. 

On 17 July 1999 and 5 April 2001, the Council adopted Resolutions2 in which it encourages 
the continuation, under its political control, of the contacts with non-member States that are 
interested in contributing to the development of GALILEO. 

In line with the resolutions of the Council the Commission has maintained contacts with third 
countries and detected the interest of Israel to participate in GALILEO. 

Israel  is  one  of  the  eight  countries  within  the  world  space  community  demonstrating 
significant  technological  background  on  space  programmes  and  important  achievements  on 
GNSS applications, equipment, user segment and regional technology. 

Software  industry  has  become,  together  with  other  high-tech  industries,  the  locomotive 
leading  Israel's  economical  development.  They  are  very  active  on  applications  and  service 
development  sector.  GNSS  technology  is  used  in  a  variety  of  civilian  applications  such  as: 
transportation, environment, geodesy, seismology, agriculture, engineering, personal outdoor 
recreation and safety of life systems. 

The  first  EU  –  Israel  exploratory  meeting  on  GNSS  was  held  in  Brussels  on  11  September 
2003, at the request of the State of Israel, following a letter of their Vice Prime minister, Mr 
Ehud Olmert, dated 26 July 2003, confirming their interest for GALILEO and asking for the 
conclusion of an European-Israeli cooperation agreement on this programme. 

This meeting followed several informal exchanges with Commission services, which allowed 
the  relevant  Israeli  agencies  to  accumulate  information  required  to  assess  their  interest  to 
participate to the GALILEO project. 

The exploratory talks were on the status and objectives of the respective policies on satellite 
navigation and on possible forms of cooperation. They confirmed the value of Israel for the 
GALILEO programme. The broad scope of an Community-Israel cooperation agreement was 
discussed with a view to recommend it to the respective political authorities. 

In this context, and following the conclusion of the co-operation agreement with China, Vice 
President De Palacio raised the issue, in the Council of Transport Ministers of 9 October, to 
extend  the  negotiations  with  the  State  of  Israel.  The  Member  States  took  note  of  the 
information  given  by  Mrs  De  Palacio  and  encourage  the  Commission  to  elaborate  the 
corresponding negotiation directives. 

On  16  January  2004  the  Council  Decision  authorised  the  Commission  to  enter  into 
negotiations with the State of Israel with a view to establishing a cooperation agreement on a 
Civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). 

1 
2 

COM (1999) 54 final of 10 February 1999 
Council Resolution 221, 19 July 1999 and 7918, 11 April 2001 on GALILEO 

2 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
In  formal  negotiation  on  17  March  2004  the  representatives  of  the  Commission  and  Israel 
have  agreed  on  the  content  and  initialled  the  Agreement.  The  Galileo  Special  Negotiation 
Committee of the Council has been consulted in accordance with the negotiation directives. 

Proposed Decision 

The  Commission  proposes  to  the  Council,  on  the  basis  of  Articles  133  and  170,  in 
conjunction  with  the  first  sentence  of  the  first  subparagraph  of  Article  300(2)  of  the 
Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  to  authorise  the  signature  of  the 
Cooperation Agreement on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) between 
the European Community and its Member States and the State of Israel. 

3 

 
 
  
 
2004/0094 (ACC) 

Proposal for a 

COUNCIL DECISION 

on the signing of the Co-operation Agreement on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite 
System (GNSS) between the European Community and its Member States, and the State 
of Israel 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Articles 
133 and 170, in conjunction with the first sentence of the first subparagraph of Article 300(2) 
thereof, 

Whereas: 

(1) 

(2) 

The Commission has negotiated on behalf of the Community an Agreement with the 
State of Israel 

Subject to its possible conclusion at a later date, the Agreement initialled on 17 March 
2004 should be signed, 

HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:  

Sole Article 

Subject  to  a  possible  conclusion  at  a  later  date,  the  President  of  the  Council  is  hereby 
authorised  to  designate  the  person  empowered  to  sign,  on  behalf  of  the  Community  and  its 
member  States,  the  Cooperation  Agreement  between  the  European  Community  and  its 
Member States, and the State of Israel on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). 

The text of the Agreement is attached to this Decision. 

Done at Brussels,  

For the Council 
The President 

4 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
ANNEX 

Co-operation Agreement on a Civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) between 
the European Community and its Member States, and the State of Israel 

The State of Israel hereinafter also referred to as “Israel”, of the one part, 

and 

the European Community hereinafter referred to as the “Community”, 

and 

The Kingdom of Belgium, 

The Czech Republic, 

The Kingdom of Denmark, 

The Federal Republic of Germany, 

The Republic of Estonia, 

The Hellenic Republic, 

The Kingdom of Spain, 

The French Republic, 

Ireland, 

The Italian Republic, 

The Republic of Cyprus, 

The Republic of Latvia, 

The Republic of Lithuania, 

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 

The Republic of Hungary, 

The Republic of Malta, 

The Kingdom of the Netherlands, 

The Republic of Austria, 

The Republic of Poland, 

The Portuguese Republic, 

The Republic of Slovenia, 

5 

 
 
  
 
The Slovak Republic, 

The Republic of Finland, 

The Kingdom of Sweden, 

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 

Contracting parties to the Treaty establishing the European Community, hereinafter referred 
to as “Member States”, of the other part, 

hereinafter referred to as “the Parties” 

Considering the common interests in the development of a global navigation satellite system 
for civil use, 

Recognising  the  importance  of  GALILEO  as  a  contribution  to  navigation  and  information 
infrastructure in Europe and Israel, 

Recognising the advanced state of Israel’s satellite navigation activities, 

Considering  the  increasing  development  of  GNSS  applications  in  Israel,  Europe  and  other 
areas in the world, 

Desiring  to  strengthen  the  co-operation  between  Israel  and  the  Community  and  taking  into 
consideration  the  Euro-Mediterranean  Agreement  establishing  an  association  between  the 
European Communities and their Member States, on the one part and the State of Israel on the 
other part, which entered into force on the 1 of June 2000.3 

Have agreed as follows: 

Article 1 

Objective of the agreement 

The objective of the agreement is to encourage, facilitate and enhance co-operation between 
the  parties  within  European  and  Israeli  contributions  to  a  civil  global  navigation  satellite 
system (GNSS). 

Article 2 

Definitions  

For the purposes of this Agreement: 

"Augmentation"  means  regional  or  local  mechanisms  such  as  the  European  Geostationary 
Navigation  Overlay  System  (EGNOS).  They  provide  the  users  of  satellite-based  navigation 
and timing signals with input information, extra to that derived from the main constellation(s) 
in  use,  and  additional  range/pseudo-range  inputs  or  corrections  to,  or  enhancements  of, 
existing  pseudo-range 
to  obtain  enhanced 
inputs.  These  mechanisms  enable  users 
performance, such as increased accuracy, availability, integrity, and reliability. 

3 

Published 21 June 2000 in the Official Journal of the EC, L 147/3 

6 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
"GALILEO"  means  an  autonomous  civil  European  global  satellite  navigation  and  timing 
system under civil control, for the provision of GNSS services designed and developed by the 
Community  and  its  Member  States.  The  operation  of  GALILEO  may  be  transferred  to  a 
private party. GALILEO envisages one or more services for open, commercial and safety of 
life purposes. 

“GALILEO  local  elements”  are  local  mechanisms  that  provide  the  users  of  GALILEO 
satellite-based  navigation  and  timing  signals  with  input  information,  extra  to  that  derived 
from  the  main  constellation  in  use.  Local  elements  may  be  deployed  for  additional 
performance  around  airports,  seaports  and  in  urban  or  other  geographically  challenging 
environments. GALILEO will provide generic models for local elements. 

"Global navigation, positioning and timing equipment" means any civil end user equipment 
designed  to  transmit,  receive,  or  process  satellite-based  navigation  or  timing  signals  to 
provide a service, or to operate with a regional augmentation. 

"Regulatory  measure"  means  any  law,  regulation,  rule,  procedure,  decision,  administrative 
action or similar action by a Party. 

“Interoperability”  means  at  user  level  a  situation  where  a  dual-system  receiver  can  use 
signals  from  two  systems  together  for  equal  or  better  performance  than  by  using  only  one 
system. 

"Intellectual  property"  shall  have  the  meaning  found  in  Article  2  of  the  Convention 
Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organisation, done at Stockholm, July 14, 1967. 

“Liability”  means  the  legal  accountability  of  a  person  or  legal  entity  to  compensate  for 
damage caused to another person or legal entity in accordance with specific legal principles 
and  rules.  This  obligation  may  be  prescribed  in  an  agreement  (contractual  liability)  or  in  a 
legal norm (non-contractual liability). 

“Classified information” means official information that requires protection in the interests of 
national defence or foreign relations of the Parties, and is classified in accordance with their 
applicable laws and regulations. For the European Union the rules are contained in Council 
Decision 2001/264/EC of 19 March 2001adopting the Council's security regulations4. 

Article 3 

Principles of the co-operation 

The parties agreed to apply the following principles to co-operation activities covered by this 
agreement: 

1. 

2. 

Mutual  benefit  based  on  an  overall  balance  of  rights  and  obligations  including 
contributions. 

Partnership  in  the  GALILEO  Programme  in  accordance  with  the  procedures  and 
rules governing the management of GALILEO. 

4 

OJ L101, 11.4.2001, p.1 

7 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
3. 

4. 

5. 

1. 

Reciprocal opportunities to engage in co-operative activities in European and Israeli 
GNSS projects for civil use. 

Timely exchange of information that may affect co-operative activities. 

Appropriate protection of intellectual property rights as referred to in Article 8.3 of 
this Agreement. 

Article 4 

Scope of co-operation activities 

industrial  manufacturing, 

The sectors for co-operative activities in satellite navigation and timing are: scientific 
research, 
training,  application,  service  and  market 
development,  trade,  radio-spectrum  issues,  integrity  issues,  standardisation  and 
certification and security. The Parties may adapt this list of issues by decision by the 
Joint Steering Committee established under Article 14 of this Agreement. 

2. 

Extending cooperation, if requested by the Parties to: 

2.1. 

GALILEO sensitive technologies and items under EU, EU and ESA Member States, 
MTCR  and  WASSENAAR  agreement  export  control  regulation  as  well  as 
cryptography and major information security technologies and items, 

2.2. 

GALILEO System Security Architecture (space, ground & user segments), 

2.3. 

Security control features of the GALILEO global segments,  

2.4. 

Public Regulated Services in their definition, development, implementation, test and 
evaluation and operational (management and use) phases, as well as  

2.5. 

Exchange of classified -information concerning satellite navigation and Galileo 

would be subject to an appropriate separate agreement to be concluded between the Parties.  

3. 

1. 

This Agreement shall not affect the application of European Community legislation 
establishing  the  GALILEO  Joint  Undertaking  and  its  institutional  structure  or 
establishing  a  successor  entity  to  the  GALILEO  Joint  Undertaking.  Nor  does  this 
Agreement  affect  the  applicable  laws,  regulations  and  policies  implementing  non-
proliferation  commitments  and  export  control  for  dual-use  items  and  national 
domestic  measures  regarding  security  and  controls  of  intangible  transfers  of 
technology. 

Article 5 

Forms of co-operation activities 

Subject to their applicable regulatory measures, the Parties shall foster, to the fullest 
extent  practicable,  the  co-operative  activities  under  this  Agreement  with  a  view  to 
providing comparable opportunities for participation in their activities in the sectors 
listed under Article 4. 

8 

 
 
  
 
2. 

The Parties agree to conduct co-operative activities as mentioned in Articles 6 to 13 
of this Agreement. 

Article 6 

Radio spectrum 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Building on past successes in the framework of the International Telecommunication 
Union,  the  Parties  agree  to  continue  co-operation  and  mutual  support  in  radio-
spectrum issues. 

In  this  context  the  Parties  shall  promote  adequate  frequency  allocations  for 
GALILEO in order to ensure the availability of GALILEO services for the benefit of 
users worldwide and notably in Israel and in the Community. 

Moreover, the Parties recognise the importance to protect radio navigation spectrum 
from  disruption  and  interference.  To  this  end  they  shall  identify  sources  of 
interference and seek mutually acceptable solutions to combat such interference. 

The  Parties  agree  to  task  the  Committee  under  Article  14  to  define  the  appropriate 
mechanism in order to ensure effective contacts and collaboration in this sector. 

Nothing  in  this  agreement  shall  be  construed  so  as  to  derogate  from  the  applicable 
provisions of the International Telecommunications Union, including the ITU Radio 
Regulations. 

Article 7 

Scientific research 

The parties shall promote joint research activities in the field of GNSS through European and 
Israeli  research  programs  including  the  European  Community  Framework  Program  for 
Research  and  Development,  and  the  research  programs  of  the  European  Space  Agency,  the 
Ministry of Science and Technology of Israel and the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labour 
of Israel. 

The joint research activities should contribute to planning the future developments of a GNSS 
for civil use. 

The Parties agree to task the Committee under Article 14 to define the appropriate mechanism 
aimed at ensuring effective contacts and participation in the research programmes. 

Article 8 

Industrial co-operation 

1. 

The parties encourage and support the co-operation between the industries of the two 
sides,  including  by  the  means  of  joint  ventures  and  Israeli  participation  in  relevant 
European industrial associations, as well as, European participation in relevant Israeli 
industrial  associations,  with  the  objective  of  setting  up  of  the  GALILEO  system  as 
well as promoting the use and development of GALILEO applications and services. 

9 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

A  joint  advisory  group  on  industrial  co-operation  shall  be  established,  under  the 
Steering Committee set up under Article 14, in order to investigate and guide the co-
operation  on  satellite  manufacturing,  launch  services,  ground  station  building,  and 
application products. 

To  facilitate  industrial  co-operation  the  Parties  shall  grant  and  ensure  adequate  and 
effective  protection  of  intellectual,  industrial  and  commercial  property  rights  at  the 
fields and sectors relevant to the development and operation of Galileo/EGNOS, in 
accordance  with  the  highest  international  standards,  including  effective  means  of 
enforcing such standards. 

Exports  by  Israel  to  third  countries  of  sensitive  items  developed  specifically  and 
funded  by  the  GALILEO  programme  will  have  to  be  submitted  for  prior 
authorisation  by  the  competent  GALILEO  security  authority,  if  that  authority  has 
recommended that these items be subject to export authorisation in accordance with 
applicable regulatory measures. Any separate agreement referred to in Article 4.2 of 
the  Agreement  shall  also  elaborate  an  appropriate  mechanism  for  Israel  to 
recommend potential items to be subject to export authorisation.  

The  Parties  encourage  strengthened  ties  between  Ministry  of  Industry,  Trade  and 
Labour  of  Israel,  Ministry  of  Science  and  Technology  of  Israel,  the  Israel  Space 
Agency,  and  the  European  Space  Agency  to  contribute  to  the  objectives  of  the 
Agreement. 

Article 9 

Trade and market development 

The  parties  encourage  trade  and  investment  in  European  and  Israeli  satellite 
navigation infrastructure, equipment, GALILEO local elements and applications. 

To  this  end  the  Parties  shall  raise  the  level  of  public  awareness  concerning  the 
GALILEO  satellite  navigation  activities,  identify  potential  barriers  to  growth  in 
GNSS applications and take appropriate measures to facilitate this growth. 

To  identify  and  respond  effectively  to  user  needs  the  Community  and  Israel  shall 
consider establishing a joint GNSS user forum. 

This  agreement  will  not  affect  the  rights  and  obligations  of  the  Parties  under  the 
World  Trade  Organisation,  relevant  export  control  rules,  relevant  European 
Community  legislation  on  the  control  of  exports  of  dual-use  items  and  technology, 
provisions adopted under the Treaty of the European Union concerning the control of 
technical  assistance  related  to  certain  military  end-uses  ,  relevant  international 
instruments such as the Hague Code Of Conduct on Ballistic Missiles and related EU 
Member States and Israeli legislation. 

Article 10 

Standards, Certification and Regulatory Measures 

1. 

The  Parties  recognise  the  value  of  co-ordinating  approaches  in  international 
standardisation and certification fora concerning global satellite navigation services. 
In particular the Parties will jointly support the development of GALILEO standards 

10 

 
 
  
 
and  promote  their  application  worldwide,  emphasising  interoperability  with  other 
GNSS systems. 
One  objective  of  the  co-ordination  is  to  promote  broad  and  innovative  use  of  the 
GALILEO services for open, commercial and safety of life purposes as a worldwide 
navigation and timing standard. The Parties agree to create favourable conditions for 
developing GALILEO applications. 

Consequently,  to  promote  and  implement  the  objectives  of  this  Agreement,  the 
Parties shall, as appropriate, cooperate on all GNSS matters that arise notably in the 
International  Civil  Aviation  Organisation,  the  International  Maritime  Organisation 
and the International Telecommunications Union. 

At  bilateral  level  the  Parties  shall  ensure  that  measures  relating  to  technical 
standards, certification and licensing requirements and procedures concerning GNSS 
do not constitute unnecessary barriers to trade. Domestic requirements shall be based 
on objective, non-discriminatory, pre-established transparent criteria. 

At expert level the parties intend to organise co-operation and exchanges through the 
Committee under Article 14 on standards covering signal codes, navigation, ground 
receiver  equipment  and  navigation  application  security.  Moreover,  the  Parties  shall 
promote  the  participation  of  Israeli  representatives  in  European  standardisation 
organisations. 

Article 11 

Development of global and regional GNSS ground augmentation systems 

Interoperability of global and regional ground satellite navigation systems enhances 
the quality of services available to users. The Parties shall collaborate to define and 
implement ground system architectures allowing an optimal guarantee of GALILEO 
integrity and continuity of GALILEO services. 

To  this  end  at  the  regional  level  the  Parties  shall  cooperate  in  implementing  and 
building  a  ground  regional  augmentations  system  based  on  GALILEO  system  in 
Israel.  Such  a  regional  system  is  foreseen  to  provide  regional  integrity  services 
additional to those provided by the GALILEO system globally. As a precursor, the 
parties  confirm  the  decision  to  establish  a  Regional  Integrity  Monitoring  Station  in 
Israel in order to improve a future EGNOS extension in the region. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

At  local  level  the  Parties  shall  facilitate  the  development  of  GALILEO  local 
elements. 

Article 12 

Security 

1. 

2. 

The Parties are convinced of the need to protect Global Navigation Satellite Systems 
against misuse, interference, disruption and hostile acts. 

The Parties shall take all practicable steps to ensure the continuity and safety of the 
satellite navigation services and the related infrastructure in their territories. 

11 

 
 
  
 
 
3. 

4. 

The  parties  recognise  that  cooperation  to  ensure  security  of  the  GALILEO  system 
and services are important common objectives. 

Hence  the  parties  shall  establish  an  appropriate  consultation  channel  to  address 
GNSS  security  issues.  This  channel  shall  be  used  to  ensure  the  continuity  of  the 
GNSS services. 

The practical arrangements and procedures are to be defined between the competent security 
authorities of both parties. 

Article 13 

Liability and cost recovery 

The Parties will cooperate, as appropriate, to define and implement a liability regime and cost 
recovery arrangements in order to facilitate the provision of civil GNSS services. 

Article 14 

Co-operative mechanism 

1. 

2. 

2.1. 

2.2. 

The  co-ordination  and  facilitation  of  co-operative  activities  under  this  Agreement 
shall be accomplished on behalf of Israel, by the Government of the State of Israel 
and,  on  behalf  of  the  Community  and  its  Member  States,  by  the  European 
Commission. 

In  accordance  with  the  objective  in  Article  1  these  two  entities  shall  establish  a 
GNSS  Steering  Committee  hereinafter  referred  to  as  the  “Committee”  for  the 
management  of 
this  Agreement.  This  Committee  shall  consist  of  official 
representatives of each Party and it shall establish its own rules of procedure. 

The functions of the Steering Committee shall include: 

Promoting,  making  recommendations  to  and  overseeing  the  different  co-operative 
activities as mentioned in Articles 4 to 13of the Agreement; 

Advising  the  Parties  on  ways  to  enhance  and  improve  co-operation  consistent  with 
the principles set out in this Agreement; 

2.3. 

Reviewing the efficient functioning and implementation of this Agreement;  

3. 

The Committee shall, as a general rule, meet annually. The meetings should be held 
alternatively in the Community and in Israel. Additional meetings may be organised 
at the request of either Party. 
The  costs  incurred  by  the  Committee  or  in  its  name  shall  be  borne  by  the  Party  to 
whom  members  relate.  The  costs  other  than  those  for  travel  and  accommodation 
which are directly associated with meetings of the Committee shall be borne by the 
host Party. The Committee may set up Joint Technical Working Groups on specific 
subjects where the Parties consider it appropriate. 

4. 

In  accordance  with  the  applicable  European  Community  legislation  the  Parties 
welcome the participation of a relevant Israeli entity in the Galileo Joint Undertaking 

12 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
(JU) as well as in any successor entity established by the Community in accordance 
with its relevant procedures. 

Article 15 

Funding  

1. 

2. 

3. 

1. 

2. 

1. 

2. 

The  amount  and  arrangements  of  Israeli  contribution  to  the  GALILEO  programme 
through the Galileo Joint Undertaking will be subject to a separate agreement subject 
to  compliance  with  the  institutional  arrangements  of  the  applicable  European 
Community legislation. 

Free  movement  of  goods,  persons,  services  and  capital  shall  apply  to  co-operative 
schemes  of  the  Parties  under  this  agreement  in  accordance  with  the  Euro-
Mediterranean  Agreement  establishing  and  association  between  the  European 
Communities and their Member States and the State of Israel. 

Without  prejudice  to  paragraph  2  when  specific  co-operative  schemes  of  one  Party 
provide  for  funds  to  participants  from  the  other  Party,  and  the  funds  allow  for  the 
purchase of equipment, the Parties shall ensure that no custom duties will be imposed 
on the transfer of this equipment from one Party to the participants of the other Party 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  and  regulations  applicable  in  the  territories  of  each 
Party.  In  addition  the  Parties  shall  ensure  that  no  fiscal  charge  or  levy  shall  be 
imposed upon the transaction of the transfer of the funds between the Parties. 

Article 16 

Exchange of information 

The Parties shall establish administrative arrangements and enquiry points in order to 
provide  for  consultations  and  effective  implementation  of  the  provisions  of  this 
Agreement. 

The parties encourage further information exchanges concerning satellite navigation 
among the institutions and enterprises of the two sides. 

Article 17 

Consultation and dispute resolution 

The  Parties  shall  promptly  consult,  at  the  request  of  any  of  them,  on  any  question 
arising  out  of  the  interpretation  or  application  of  this  Agreement.  Any  disputes 
concerning  the  interpretation  or  application  of  this  agreement  shall  be  settled  by 
friendly consultations between the Parties. 

Paragraph 1 shall not prevent the Parties from having recourse to dispute settlement 
under the WTO Agreement. 

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Article 18 

Entry into force and termination 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

This Agreement shall, after its signature by the Parties, enter into force upon the date 
on which the Parties have notified each other that their respective internal procedures 
necessary for its entry into force have been completed. 

Unless  otherwise  stipulated  the  termination  of  this  agreement  shall  not  affect  the 
validity or duration of any arrangements or any specific rights and obligations made 
under it.  

This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties in writing. Any 
amendment  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  date  on  which  the  Parties  exchange 
diplomatic  notes  informing  each  other  that  their  respective  internal  procedures 
necessary for its entry into force have been completed. 

This Agreement shall remain in force for a period of five years from the date of its 
entry into force. Thereafter, it shall be extended automatically for further periods of 
five years each unless either Party notifies the other in writing at least three months 
prior  to  the  end  of  the  relevant  five-year  period  of  an  intention  not  to  extend  the 
Agreement.  

5. 

This Agreement may be terminated at any time upon one year’s written notice. 

This  Agreement  is  drawn  up  in  duplicate  in  the  Czech,  Danish,  Dutch,  English,  Estonian, 
Finnish,  French,  German,  Greek,  Hungarian,  Italian,  Latvian,  Lithuanian,  Maltese,  Polish, 
Portuguese, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish and Hebrew languages. 

English and Hebrew shall be the authentic languages. 

14