Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions on the practical implementation of the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work Directives 89/391 (Framework), 89/654 (Workplaces), 89/655 (Work Equipment), 89/656 (Personal Protective Equipment), 90/269 (Manual Handling of Loads) and 90/270 (Display Screen Equipment)
Date: 2004-02-05
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: application of EU law, occupational health, occupational safety, protective equipment, report, working conditions

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 05.02.2004 
COM(2004) 62 final 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, 
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND 
THE COMMITTEE OF REGIONS  

on the practical implementation of the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work 
Directives 89/391 (Framework), 89/654 (Workplaces), 89/655 (Work Equipment), 89/656 
(Personal Protective Equipment), 90/269 (Manual Handling of Loads) and 90/270 
(Display Screen Equipment) 

EN 

   EN 

 
 
 
  
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 4 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Introduction.................................................................................................................. 6 

The legal impact in the Member States........................................................................ 7 

Transposition Control .................................................................................................. 9 

3.1. 

Timeliness of transposition .......................................................................................... 9 

3.2. 

Conformity control..................................................................................................... 10 

3.2.1.  The framework directive ............................................................................................ 10 

3.2.2.  The individual directives............................................................................................ 12 

4. 

Action on the ground: the practical implementation.................................................. 13 

4.1. 

Publicising and flanking of the new legislation transposing the health and safety at 
work Directives .......................................................................................................... 13 

4.2. 

Awareness raising ...................................................................................................... 14 

4.3. 

Risk assessment, documentation and supervision...................................................... 15 

4.4. 

Protective and preventive services ............................................................................. 17 

4.5. 

Information, consultation, participation and training................................................. 20 

4.6. 

Organisation and management of health and safety at work ..................................... 22 

4.7. 

Enforcement ............................................................................................................... 23 

4.8. 

Two specific cases ..................................................................................................... 25 

4.8.1.  Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) ............................................................ 25 

4.8.2.  The public sector ........................................................................................................ 28 

5. 

Assessment of effectiveness....................................................................................... 29 

5.1. 

Effects on accidents at work and occupational diseases ............................................ 29 

5.2. 

Costs and benefits in the enterprises .......................................................................... 31 

5.3. 

General economic effects........................................................................................... 33 

5.4 

Effects on employment and competitiveness............................................................. 34 

6. 

Overall appreciation of implementation..................................................................... 35 

2 

 
 
  
 
6.1. 

Main positive effects of implementation reported by directive ................................. 35 

6.2. 

Main difficulties of implementation reported by directive ........................................ 38 

6.3 

Suggestions for improvement .................................................................................... 40 

7. 

Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 42 

ANNEX.................................................................................................................................... 45 

3 

 
 
  
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Prevention  is  the  guiding  principle  for  occupational  health  and  safety  legislation  in  the 
European  Union.  In  order  to  avoid  accidents  from  happening  and  occupational  diseases  to 
occur, EU wide minimum requirements for health and safety protection at the workplace have 
been adopted. 

This  report  examines  how  the  Framework  directive  of  1989  and  five  of  its  individual 
directives  have  been  transposed  and  are  applied  within  the  Member  States.  It  also  draws 
conclusions from the application – and in some domains rather the lack of proper application 
– for Europe's health and safety legislation and its impact on the economy and society. 

The  1989  directive  lays  down  the  principles  for  the  introduction  of  measures  to  encourage 
improvements  in  the  safety  and  health  of  workers  and  provides  a  framework  for  specific 
workplace environments, developed in individual directives. The goal of instilling a culture of 
prevention  rests  on  the  double  foundation  that  the  minimum  requirements  provide  a  level 
playing field for businesses operating within the large European domestic market and provide 
a  high  degree  of  protection  to  workers,  avoiding  pain  and  suffering  and  minimising  the 
income foregone for enterprises as a result of preventing occupational accidents and diseases. 

The  EU  legislation  reportedly  has  had  a  positive  influence  on  the  national  standards  for 
occupational  health  and  safety.  At  the  same  time,  the  health  and  safety  measures  at  the 
workplace  are  reported  to  have  widely  contributed  towards  improved  working  conditions, 
boosting productivity, competitiveness and employment. 

The  statistical  evidence  as  well  as  the  national  reporting  on  achievements  point  to  an 
important  improvement  in  terms  of  health  and  safety  protection.  They  show  that  the 
implementation and application of the EU legislation played a crucial role in bringing down 
the figures. The data are convincing: a real structural change has been fostered. 

Preliminary  estimations  based  on  Eurostat  data  for  2000  highlight  that  the  number  of 
accidents  per  100,000  workers,  resulting  in  more  than  three  days'  absence  from  work,  fell 
from  4,539  in  1994  to  about  4,016  in  2000.  The  decline  of  this  headline  indicator  clearly 
points to an improvement in bringing down accidents, even taking into account a shift in the 
economic structure and the typology of jobs as well as considering new risks.  

However, in absolute numbers, every year nearly 5 200 workers lose their life as a result of a 
work related accident. In total, there are still about 4.8 million accidents per year. This means 
also  that  about  two  thirds  of  the  accidents  lead  to  an  absence  of  more  than  3  days  at  work. 
Almost  14%  of  workers  suffered  more  than  one  accident  in  a  year.  Annually  about  158 
million days' work are lost.  

The  high  risk  areas  largely  coincide  with  the  sectors  and  types  of  jobs  on  which  the  report 
underlines  major  shortfalls  in  proper  application,  showing  the  case  of  a  consolidation  of 
compliance with the health and safety acquis to further bring down the number of accidents. 

Sticking  out  are  Small  and  Medium  Sized  Enterprises.  Also  the  public  sector  shows 
significant  shortcomings.  High-risk  workers  are  also  found  amongst  the  young,  the  ones  on 
temporary  contracts  and  those  with  low  qualifications.  This  evidence  clearly  underlines  the 
scope  and  importance  of  the  priority  attached  to  quality  in  work  as  a  policy  vehicle  for 
implementing the EU's social policy agenda. 

4 

 
 
  
 
The fact that about 7% of those who are involved in an accident cannot return to the same job 
and  that  about  4%  must  reduce  their  working  hours  or  cannot  work  any  longer,  is  a  major 
setback for working towards the Lisbon full employment goal. It is also evidence for the fact 
that 'more and better' jobs are two sides of the same coin. Every year, nearly 300,000 workers 
will get various degrees of permanent disabilities, resulting from a workplace related accident 
or disease.  

It is estimated that the total costs to the economy amounts to between 2.6% and 3.8% of GNP. 
All  these  data  are  testimony  of  the  high  economic  costs  of  not  having  appropriate  social 
policy in place. The still high levels of accidents and diseases, backed up by a wide range of 
gaps as documented in detail in this report, underline the need for reinforced attention to the 
sectors and workers concerned to bring about the necessary changes. 

This  is  the  more  important  as  the  EU  enlargement  will  bring  in  countries  in  which  the 
prevention culture still has to be rooted.  

To clarify and solve misunderstandings and to correct any defective situation that may occur 
in the application of the legislation is an urgent task. Labour inspectorates have a crucial role 
to  play  here:  using  labour  inspectors  as  agents  of  change  to  promote  better  compliance  in 
SME's,  first  through  education,  persuasion  and  encouragement  and  through  increase  of 
enforcement, where necessary. 

A  high  level  of  protection  of  the  safety  and  health  of  workers  which  is  the  overriding 
objective of the Framework Directive 89/391 and its five first individual directives, can only 
be  achieved  if  all  actors  concerned,  employers,  workers,  workers'  representatives,  national 
enforcement  authorities,  make  the  efforts  necessary  for  an  effective  and  correct  application 
and  engage  in  a  co-operative  interaction.  The  Communication  from  the  Commission  - 
Adapting to change in work and society: a new Community strategy on health and safety at 
work 2002-20061 contains clear indications in this regard. 

The  reinforced  commitment  to  address  the  miscellaneous  flaws  identified  in  this  report  will 
bring  about  the  changes  that  will  improve  the  implementation  and  application  levels  of  the 
Health and Safety Directives and make the health and safety protection a tangible reality for 
all workers, contributing in this way to the improvement of productivity and quality of work.  

This action will be at the heart of the top priority given to the consolidation of the acquis, as 
outlined in the Mid-term review of the social policy agenda2 for the coming years. 

1 
2 

COM(2002) 118 
COM(2003) 312 

5 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
1. 

INTRODUCTION 

This report is the response by the Commission to the request laid down in the final provisions 
of Directives 89/391, 89/654, 89/655, 89/656, 90/269 and 90/2703 that "the Commission shall 
submit  periodically  to  the  European  Parliament  (EP),  the  Council  and  the  Economic  and 
Social Committee a report on the implementation of this Directive". 

A major input to this Communication are the national reports4 provided by the Member States 
in  accordance  with  the  directives  which  state  that  "Member  States  shall  report  to  the 
Commission  every  five  years  (every  four  years  for  Directives  90/269  and  90/270)  on  the 
practical implementation of the provisions of this Directive, indicating the points of view of 
employers  and  workers".  It  also  builds  on  an  independent  experts'  report,  analysing  the 
implementation of the directives in all sectors, including the public sector. Finally, the report 
reflects the experiences gained by the Commission in its work of monitoring the transposition 
of the Directives into national laws and their application across the economy. 

The analysis concerns the transposition and application of the framework directive 89/391 on 
the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers 
at  work  as  well  as  of  the  first  five  individual  directives,  addressing  particular  workplace 
environments or risks. The individual directives concern in particular:  

•  minimum requirements for the workplace (89/654) 

•  the use of work equipment ( 89/655) 

•  personal protective equipment (89/656) 

•  manual handling of loads (90/269) 

•  display screen equipment (90/270) 

The  report  looks  first  at  the  scope  of  the  legal  impact  of  the  framework  directive  and  the 
individual  directives  in  the  Member  States.  Then  it  addresses  the  control  executed  on  the 
transposition of the legislation, highlighting the delays caused at the moment of transposition 
and the impact of the conformity control on the quality of the national legislation.  

3 

4 

Article  18  of  Council  Directive  89/391/EEC  of  12  June  1989  on  the  introduction  of  measures  to  encourage 
improvements  in  the  safety  and  health  of  workers  at  work;  article  10  of  Council  Directive  89/654/EEC  of 
30 November  1989  concerning  the  minimum  safety  and  health  requirements  for  the  workplace  (first  individual 
directive  within  the  meaning  of  Article  16  (1)  of  Directive  89/391/EEC),  Article  10  of  Council  Directive 
89/655/EEC  of  30  November  1989  concerning  the  minimum  safety  and  health  requirements  for  the  use  of  work 
equipment  by  workers  at  work  (second  individual  Directive  within  the  meaning  of  Article  16  (1)  of  Directive 
89/391/EEC),  Article  10  of  Council  Directive  89/656/EEC  of  30  November  1989  on  the  minimum  health  and 
safety  requirements  for  the  use  by  workers  of  personal  protective  equipment  at  the  workplace  (third  individual 
directive  within  the  meaning  of  Article  16  (1)  of  Directive  89/391/EEC),  Article  9  of  Council  Directive 
90/269/EEC  of  29  May  1990  on  the  minimum  health  and  safety  requirements  for  the  manual  handling  of  loads 
where  there  is  a  risk  particularly  of  back  injury  to  workers  (fourth  individual  Directive  within  the  meaning  of 
Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) and Article 11 of Council Directive 90/270/EEC of 29 May 1990 on the 
minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment (fifth individual Directive within 
the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). 
The national reports were based on a commonly agreed outline. The level of participation of the social partners in 
the establishment of the reports varies considerably from one Member State to the other according to the national 
practices. All the Member States transmitted their reports concerning the Framework Directive 89/391. For the five 
first  individual  directives  France  and  Ireland  have  not  submitted  all  the  reports.  The  national  reports  have  been 
transmitted to the Council and the European Parliament. 

6 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
A  large  section  is  devoted  to  the  implementation  across  the  economy.  On  an  area  by  area 
basis,  a  detailed  state  of  play  will  be  given  on  the  core  characteristics  of  this  legislation. 
Particular attention will be given to the situation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and 
in the public sector.  

The  next  chapter  sums  up  the  main  positive  elements  as  well  as  the  main  difficulties  the 
Member States report for the implementation. 

The  state  of  play  and  the  evaluation  thereof  is  then  confronted  with  statistical  data  on  the 
health and safety legislation in the European Union.  

By way of conclusion, an overview is given of what the Member States suggested themselves 
in their national reports to improve the correct application. The report finally addresses next 
steps for facilitating full and correct application throughout an enlarged European Union. 

2. 

THE LEGAL IMPACT IN THE MEMBER STATES 

Prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  Framework  Directive  and  its  five  first  individual  directives,  the 
protection of the health and safety of workers at work within the areas covered varied widely 
across Member States. Directive 89/391 has changed the practical approach of the protection 
of the safety and health of workers in Member States as it laid down an integrated preventive 
approach to health and safety at work, requiring a continuous improvement of the health and 
safety  conditions.  The  responsibility  of  the  employer,  the  prevention  principles  established 
and  the  workers'  information,  training,  consultation  and  balanced  participation  are  the 
cornerstones on which the new approach to health and safety at work protection is based. The 
basic  principles  for  occupational  health  and  safety  at  the  workplace  established  by  the 
Framework  Directive  were  subsequently  defined  and  supplemented  in  the  individual 
directives. As a result, minimum requirements should be guaranteed throughout Europe, while 
the Member States are allowed to maintain or establish higher levels of protection5. 

The levels of repercussion into the national legal systems of the Framework Directive 89/391 
and its five first individual directives fall into three categories. 

•  In certain countries6 the Framework Directive had considerable legal consequences due to 
the fact that they had antiquated or inadequate legislation on the subject when the Directive 
was adopted. 

•  In  other  Member  States7,  the  Directive  served  to  complete  or  refine  existing  national 

legislation. 

5 

6 
7 

See in this sense the decision of the Court of Justice of 12 November 1996, United Kingdom v. Council, case C-
84/94,  point  17  "In  conferring  on  the  Council  power  to  lay  down  minimum  requirements,  Article  118a  does  not 
prejudge the extent of the action which that institution may consider necessary in order to carry out the task which 
the provision in question expressly assigns to it namely, to work in favour of improved conditions, as regards the 
health  and  safety  of  workers,  while  maintaining  the  improvements  made.  The  significance  of  the  expression 
"minimum  requirements"  in  Article  118a  is  simply,  as  indeed  Article  118a(3)  confirms,  that  the  provision 
authorises  Member  States  to  adopt  more  stringent  measures  than  those  which  form  the  subject-matter  of 
Community action (see, in particular, Opinion 2/91, paragraph 18)". 
Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg 
Austria, France, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium 

7 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
Finally,  in  the  opinion  of  a  few  Member  States8,  transposition  did  not  require  major 
adjustments  since  they  had  already  rules  in  place  which  were  in  line  with  the  directives 
concerned.  Member  States  which  benefited  most  from  the  legislation  to  modernise  their 
health  and  safety  rules  emphasise  the  following  innovative  aspects  of  the  Framework 
directive:  the  large  scope  of  application  including  the  public  sector,  the  principle  of  the 
objective responsibility of the employer, the requirement that a risk assessment shall be drawn 
up and documented, the obligation to establish a prevention  plan  based  in  the  results  of  the 
risk assessment, the recourse to prevention and protective services and the workers' rights to 
information, consultation, participation and training.  

They furthermore report the following strengths resulting from the individual directives:  

•  Directive  89/654:  the  description  of  the  term  "workplace",  which  includes  any 
modifications,  extensions  or  conversions  as  well  as  the  introduction  of  specific 
requirements  for  emergency  doors,  availability  of  sufficient  area  space,  ambient 
conditions, rest areas and for the protection of pregnant workers. 

•  Directive  89/655:  had  a  large  unifying  effect  of  the  national  legislation  regarding  work 
equipment. In general, it has not introduced large innovations, but it has contributed to a 
rationalisation and generalisation of the existing national regulations. The majority of the 
Member States indicated that the transposition of the minimum requirements regarding the 
work equipment enlarged the scope of application of the national legislation to all sectors 
of  activity.  This  legal  impact  was  greater  in  some  countries,  as  for  example  in  Greece 
where the new Directive meant a large positive step, while in other countries9 the impact in 
their legislation was less pronounced. 

•  Directive  89/656:  the  incorporation  of  certain  obligations  upon  the  employer  such  as  the 
assessment,  selection,  supply  and  maintenance  of  personal  protective  equipment  for 
workers. The extension of the employer's responsibility regarding this point as well as his 
obligation  to  assess  hazards  when  selecting  personal  protective  equipment,  are  other 
important  issues.  In  general,  the  transposition  of  the  directive  enlarged  the  scope  of 
application of the existing national legislation10. 

•  Directive  90/269:  unified  existing  legislation  by  simplifying  and  completing  existing 
regulations on injuries resulting from handling of loads. In the majority of Member States 
the scope was extended to all sectors of activity and the obligation to determine and assess 
the  risks  associated  with  manual  handling  of  loads  is  recognised  as  being  an  innovation. 
Some countries underlined the importance of the principle of avoiding the manual handling 
of loads and the  obligation of the employer to reduce the risks by the use of appropriate 
organisational or technical measures. 

•  Directive  90/270:  the  introduction  of  provisions  dealing  with  work  with  display  screens 
and  the  consideration  of  ergonomic  aspects.  Member  States  also  indicate  that  breaks  or 
changes  in  the  activity  of  workers  using  display  screens  and  the  right  to  eyesight  checks 
and, where necessary, the provision of correction devices, as major innovations introduced 
in national law by the directive. The requirements on emissions, equipment, the  working 

8 
9 
10 

Denmark, Finland, Sweden 
e.g., Denmark and The Netherlands. 
e.g., personal protective equipment in vessels in Denmark 

8 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
environment  and  the  man/computer  interface  also  contributed  to  modernise  national 
legislation. 

It  results  from  the  national  reports  and  the  analysis  performed  by  the  Commission  that 
Framework Directive 89/391 and Directives 89/654, 89/655, 89/656, 90/269 and 90/270 have 
been the driving force for instilling a culture of prevention throughout the EU as well as for 
rationalising  and  simplifying  the  national  legislative  corpus  on  health  and  safety  at  work. 
Evidently, this impact has been greater in those Member States who had either less developed 
legislation in the field or legislation based on corrective principles rather that on a preventive 
approach to fight the occupational risks.  

The shift of paradigm imposed by the EU health and safety legislation – which mean to move 
away  from  a  technology-driven  approach  for  accident  prevention  and  towards  a  policy  of 
occupational  safety  and  health  that  would  be  much  more  focused  on  the  persons  behaviour 
and  organisational  structures  –  is  recognised  as  having  represented  the  major  impact  in  the 
Member  States  national  systems.  In  transposing  it,  Member  States  had  to  change  from 
prescriptive detailed legislation to objective-driven law. This subsequently had repercussions 
in its interpretation by courts and in its enforcement. 

3. 

TRANSPOSITION CONTROL 

This  chapter  addresses  the  control  of  the  transposition  of  the  directives  into  national  law.  It 
looks in particular at the lengthy process which was needed to transpose the directives. It also 
details  the  effective  commitments  by  the  Member  States,  despite  the  deficiencies  which 
occurred throughout the European Union as revealed in the conformity analysis. 

3.1. 

Timeliness of transposition 

The  transposition  of  the  Framework  Directive  89/391  and  its  five  first  individual  directives 
89/654,  89/655,  89/656,  90/269  and  90/270  into  the  national  legislative  framework  of 
Member  States  was  a  lengthy  process.  The  transposition  delays  have  had  a  considerable 
impact on the levels of the practical implementation at workplace level. 

Despite the fact that all the directives had been the object of prior in-depth consultations of 
social partners at the European and national level and the fact that they all have been adopted 
with unanimous agreement in the Council, the majority of Member States failed to meet the 
commitments  taken  as  regards  the  delays  for  transposition.  Finland,  Austria  and  Sweden 
carried  out  the  necessary  changes  partly  in  advance  of  membership  and  partly  shortly  after 
joining the European Union11. 

As  early  as  in  1993,  infringement  proceedings  were  launched  by  the  Commission  against 
those  Members  States  that  had  not  communicated  in  due  time  their  national  legislation 
transposing  the  directives.  Due  to  the  opening  of  these  infringements  proceedings,  Member 
States  accelerated  their  legislative  efforts  and  adopted  the  necessary  legislative  measures  to 
transpose the directives before reaching the final steps of the infringement proceedings. In one 
case  –  Spain  –  the  infringement  proceedings  launched  on  the  basis  of  the  failure  to 

11 

See  in  Annex  a  list  of  the  national  provisions  communicated  by  Member  States  concerning  the  Framework 
Directive 89/391 and its five first individual Directives 89/654, 89/655, 89/656, 90/269 and 90/270. 

9 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
communicate  the  national  measures  transposing  directives  89/654,  89/655,  89/656,  90/269 
and 90/270 resulted in a ruling of the Court of Justice12. 

3.2. 

Conformity control 

Following transposition into national law, the Commission carried out a conformity control of 
the  national  legislation.  Rather  than  launching  immediately  infringement  proceedings,  the 
Commission  undertook  discussions  with  national  authorities 
to  clarify  and  solve 
misunderstandings and to correct the defective situation. The individual complaints submitted 
to the Commission were of great value in detecting the weak spots. 

3.2.1.  The framework directive 

Although  the  conformity  analysis  underlined  effective  commitment,  it  also  revealed 
deficiencies in virtually all Member States with regards to the transposition of the Framework 
Directive 89/391 into national legislation. 

The  Commission  opened  infringement  proceedings  on  non-conformity  against  all  Member 
States as regards Framework Directive 89/391, with the exception of Greece (nevertheless an 
infringement proceeding has been open regarding the defective application and enforcement 
of the Greek legislation transposing Directive 89/391). After the sending of letters of formal 
notices and reasoned opinions, eleven Member States - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, 
France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom - 
modified their legislation in order to remedy the identified deficiencies. However, as not all of 
the deficiencies pointed out by the Commission were recognised by the Member States, the 
Commission referred several cases to the Court of Justice13. 

The  main  problems  of  non-conformity  detected  in  the  transposition  of  the  Framework 
Directive 89/391 were the following: 

•  The  scope  of  application  (article  2):  this  was  limited  by  several  Member  States  in  the 
national  legislation.  It  should  be  noted,  in  this  regard,  that  by  a  judgement  of  3  October 
2000  in  case  C-303/98,  Sindicato  de  Médicos  de  Asistencia  Pública  (Simap)  and 
Conselleria  de  Sanidad  y  Consumo  de  la  Generalidad  Valenciana,  the  Court  of  justice 
examined the scope of the Framework Directive 89/391 indicating that "…it is clear both 
from the object of the basic Directive, namely to encourage improvement in the safety and 
health  of  workers  at  work,  and  from  the  wording  of  Article  2(1)  thereof,  that  it  must 
necessarily be broad in scope"; and that "It follows that the exceptions to the scope of the 
basic  Directive,  including  that  provided  for  in  Article  2(2),  must  be  interpreted 
restrictively."14. 

•  The responsibility of the employer (article 5). 

•  The transposition of the general principles of prevention (article 6 (2)). 

12 
13 

14 

Judgement of the Court of 26 September 1996, Commission v. Kingdom of Spain, case C-79/95. 
Commission  v.  Germany,  case  C-5/00;  Commission  v.  Italy,  case  C-49/00;  Commission  v.  Portugal,  case  C-
425/01; Commission v. The Netherlands, case C-441/01; Commission v. Luxembourg, case C-335/02. It should be 
noted  that  there  are  still  infringements  proceedings  running  against  certain  Member  States  (Austria,  France, 
Finland, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). 
See  in  the  same  sense  the  opinion  of  the  Advocate  General  of  6  May  2003  in  joint  cases  C-397/01-C-403/01, 
Bernhard Pfeiffer e.a. v. Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Kreisverband Waldshut eV., point 22. 

10 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
•  The extent of the obligation to evaluate the risks to the safety and health of workers (article 
6(3)a)): this raised a conformity problem in the Italian transposition (the Italian legislation 
only required employers to evaluate specific risks) clarified by the Court of justice in its 
judgement of 15 November 200115. In particular in point 12, the Court states that "It must 
be  noted,  at  the  outset,  that  it  follows  both  from  the  purpose  of  the  directive,  which, 
according  to  the  15th  recital,  applies  to  all  risks,  and  from  the  wording  of  Article  6(3)(a) 
thereof,  that  employers  are  obliged  to  evaluate  all  risks  to  the  safety  and  health  of 
workers." Point 13 of this judgement is of particular importance: "It should also be noted 
that the occupational risks which are to be evaluated by employers are not fixed once and 
for  all,  but  are  continually  changing  in  relation,  particularly,  to  the  progressive 
development of working conditions and scientific research concerning such risks.". 

•  Preventive and protective services (article 7): several issues stand out here: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

15 
16 
17 
18 

The  priority  to  be  given  to  the  internal  services  had  been  disputed  by  several 
countries. Most Member States corrected their national provisions but in one case the 
Commission  referred  the  matter  to  the  Court  of  justice,  which  ruled  on 
22 May 200316 that  "(…) by not reflecting,  in  its national legislation the subsidiary 
nature of the enlistment by undertakings of external competent services to carry out 
activities  related  to  protection  against  and  prevention  of  occupational  risks  within 
those undertakings, the Kingdom of the Netherlands has failed to fulfil its obligations 
under Article 7(3) of Council Directive 89/391" 

This  article  also  raised  serious  problems  of  conformity  as  regards  the  French 
transposition and the fact that France pleaded that the "médecine du travail" would 
correctly transpose this provision. The Commission did not accept this point of view 
and,  after  the  opening  of  an  infringement  proceeding,  France  adopted  national 
legislation with a view to integrate a multidisciplinary approach in its transposition 
of Article 717. 

Another  deficiency  was  linked  to  the  employer's  obligation  to  enlist  competent 
external  services  or  persons  if  the  protective  and  preventive  measures  cannot  be 
organised  internally  for  lack  of  competent  personnel  in  the  undertaking  and/or 
establishment (Article 7(3)). The Court declared in the above mentioned judgement 
of  15  November  200118  that  "It  is  particularly  important,  in  order  to  satisfy  the 
requirement of legal certainty, that individuals should have the benefit of a clear and 
precise  legal  situation  enabling  them  to  ascertain  the  full  extent  of  their  rights  and 
duties and, where appropriate, to rely on them before the national courts" (point 22) 
and "In that regard, it must be noted that Article 7(1) and (3) of the directive require 
employers to arrange a service of prevention and protection from occupational risks 
within the undertaking or, if its internal capabilities are insufficient, to enlist external 
help." (point 23). 

Finally,  several  Member  States  have  deficiently  transposed  Article  7  paragraph  8 
first  subparagraph  "Member  States  shall  define  the  necessary  capabilities  and 
aptitudes  referred  to  in  paragraph  5"  (capabilities  and  aptitudes  of  the  workers 
designated and external services or persons in charge of the protective and preventive 

Case C-49/00, Commission v. Italy. 
Case C-441/01, Commission v. The Netherlands. 
See Loi de modernisation sociale of 17 January 2002. 
Case C-49/00. 

11 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
measures). The Court of justice held in its judgement of 15 November 200019 that "In 
order  to  implement  that  obligation,  Member  States  must  adopt  laws  or  regulations 
which  comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  directive  and  which  are  brought  to  the 
attention of the undertakings concerned by appropriate means, so as to enable them 
to be aware of their obligations in the matter and the competent national authorities 
to  check  that  those  measures  are  complied  with."  (point  36).  This  provision  of 
Directive 89/391 was still subject of a judgement of the Court of 22 May 200320. 

•  The  transposition  of  the  first  aid,  fire-fighting  and  evacuation  provisions  (article  8):  in 
some cases the difficulties were particularly due to the fact that the responsibility for their 
implementation was split between different ministries (Ireland, United Kingdom, Finland). 

•  The obligation to document the risk assessment in all types of undertakings (article 9): The 
Court  of  justice  considered  in its  judgement  of  7  February  200221  that  "  At  the  outset,  it 
should be observed that Article 9(1)(a) of the Directive imposes a duty on the employer to 
be in possession of documents containing an assessment of the risks to safety and health at 
work, documents to which workers and/or their representatives with specific responsibility 
for  the  safety  and  health  of  workers  must  have  access  under  Article  10(3)(a)  of  the 
Directive." (point 24) and that " In that respect, it should be noted that a provision which, 
for  certain  types  of  undertaking,  having  regard  inter  alia  to  the  number  of  workers 
employed  by  them,  grants  the  competent  Federal  minister  the  power  to  exempt 
occupational  physicians  and  occupational  safety  specialists  the  obligation  to  draw  up 
reports  on  the  assessment  of  working  conditions  seems  to  be  clearly  contrary  to  Articles 
9(1)(a)  and  10(3)(a)  of  the  Directive,  inasmuch  as  undertakings  employing  10  or  fewer 
workers  may  thereby  be  absolved  of  the  obligation  to  keep  a  risk  assessment  in 
documentary form."(point 35). 

•  Workers' information (article 10): In some Member States the legislation limited originally 

this right to a certain threshold of workers or to a certain degree of information. 

•  Consultation, participation and training of workers (articles 11 and 12): In the majority of 
cases, Member States accepted the views of the Commission and corrected the deficiencies 
amending thus their legislation. 

3.2.2.  The individual directives 

The  situation  for  the  conformity  in  the  transposition  of  the  five  first  individual  Directives 
89/654, 89/655, 89/656, 90/269 and 90/270, was from the early stage outspoken more positive 
in that Member States generally incorporated the minimum requirements ipsis verbis in their 
national  legislation.  In  addition,  most  deficiencies  detected  in  the  transposition  were  solved 
without the need to launch infringement proceedings. However it is worth mentioning that in 
some cases the Commission had to seize the Court of justice22. 

The  majority  of  the  conformity  deficiencies  detected  related  to  the  workplaces  directive 
89/654, work equipment directive 89/655 and display screen equipment directive 90/270 and 

19 
20 
21 
22 

Case C-49/00. 
Commission v. Luxembourg, Case C-335/02. 
Commission v. Germany, Case C-5/00. 
Commission v. Italy, Case 65/01, (transposition of directive 89/655), Commission v. Italy, case C-455/00 (directive 
90/270);Commission  v.  Spain,  case  C-168/03  (directive  C-89/655).  It  should  be  stated  that  there  are  still 
infringement proceedings running against certain Member States (Austria, Germany and Sweden). 

12 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
were  related  to  the  technical  requirements  of  the  annexes.  As  regards  the  display  screen 
equipment directive 90/270, the provisions related to the interruption of the activity and to the 
health surveillance also raised difficulties in the transposition in some Member States. 

4. 

ACTION ON THE GROUND: THE PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION  

The delays incurred in the transposition as well as the conformity problems, particularly for 
the  Framework  directive,  have  had  a  considerable  impact  on  the  levels  of  practical 
implementation  as  well  as  on  the  quality  of  implementation,  since  the  supporting  actions 
(information, training, technical assistance, etc.) necessary to create the required safety culture 
were delayed as well. 

The  analysis  of  the  situation  at  the  workplace  level  provides  an  ambiguous  portrait  with  a 
strand where transposition and application of legislation is largely respected, yielding de facto 
benefits in terms of reducing health and safety risks and preventing accidents from happening 
and a strand where significant efforts are needed to meet the standards and to allow to reap in 
full the prevention benefits of the legislation. 

This  means  that  on  the  one  hand,  the  main  objectives  of  guaranteeing  to  the  worker  of  the 
European Union minimum common standard levels of protection by harmonising the health 
and  safety  requirements  and  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  accidents  at  work  and 
occupational diseases have been attained. On the other hand, the non uniform application of 
such  standards  in  different  sectors  of  activity  and  in  different  sizes  of  undertakings  has 
precluded accidents and occupational diseases rates to decline further. 

A  conjunction  of  several  factors  has  influenced  the  level  of  practical  implementation  at  the 
workplace. Below the relevant characteristics will be documented, covering the following key 
elements:  publicising  and  flanking  of  legislation;  awareness  raising;  risk  assessment, 
documentation and supervision; protective and preventive services; information, consultation, 
participation  and  training;  organisation  and  management  of  health  and  safety  at  work; 
enforcement; SMEs; and the public sector. 

4.1. 

Publicising and flanking of the new legislation transposing the health and safety 
at work Directives 

As early as 1992, the Commission and Member States initiated a series of actions, notably the 
1992 European  Year on  Health and  Safety at  Work  and the  subsequent European weeks on 
health  and  safety  as  well  as  campaigns  at  national  level  in  view  of  the  promotion  and 
diffusion of the new health and safety legislation and providing advice for the implementation 
of  the  directives  at  workplace  level.  Since  its  creation  in  199423,  the  European  Agency  for 
Safety and Health and Work took over such information activities at the European level. 

Since the adoption of the directives, Member States have undertaken  extensive action  plans 
intended to promote an active attitude towards prevention, to instil awareness of the concept 
of integrated prevention and develop practical guidelines to help employers and workers meet 
their obligations under the new legislation. 

23 

Council Regulation EC 2062/94 of 18 July 1994 establishing a European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 
OJ  L  216  of  20.8.1994,  p.  1,  as  amended  by  Council  Regulation  EC  1643/95  of  29  June  1995,  OJ  L  156  of 
7.7.1995, p. 1. 

13 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
The Member States generally report that the measures adopted are sufficient and satisfactory, 
although  several  countries24  stress  the  need  for  further  information  and  advice  activities  in 
order to influence small businesses and the self-employed to embrace high standards of health 
and safety and to recognise their economic and social benefits. 

Although  the  efforts  at  national  and  EU  level  have  significantly  contributed  to  a  better 
understanding  of  the  new  legislation  and  made  employers  and  workers  more  aware  of  their 
rights and obligations, the impact of these measures differs across the economic spectrum. For 
instance,  the  success  in  larger  enterprises  co-exists  with  the  situation  in  many  SMEs  across 
the EU in which a qualitative step forward still has to be made to trigger the development of 
the  sense  of  safety,  the  will  to  control  the  risks  and  the  necessary  participation  of  those 
involved in controlling the risks at the workplace. 

4.2. 

Awareness raising 

Despite  the  big  volume  of  information  material  available,  the  level  of  information  of 
employers  and  workers,  in  particular  in  small-  and  medium-sized  enterprises  appears  to  be 
insufficient to reach all target groups. This can be illustrated by the following examples: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Studies  undertaken  in  the  Netherlands  indicate  that  the  level  of  information  of 
employers  should  be  improved.  Amongst  the  enterprises  that  had  not  fulfilled  their 
obligation  to  carry  out  a  risk  assessment,  9  %  said  that  they  had  not  been  familiar 
with this obligation and 8 % were not aware of an analysis of the working conditions 
and  the  evaluation  of  risks  at  the  workplace.  These  enterprises  are  predominantly 
small- sized enterprises. 

The results of a survey carried out in Spain show that 68% of the enterprises report 
not to understand the obligations of the employers. 16% of the enterprises reported 
that the level of information on occupational safety and health was insufficient. 59% 
of  the  employers  state  not  to  be  familiar  with  the  obligation  to  develop  and 
implement measures necessary for the safety and health protection of workers. 18% 
of the employers claim only to have a very vague idea about such measures and 13% 
of the employers are informed about their obligation, but had not taken any action. 

In Sweden small-sized enterprises report difficulties in understanding the provisions. 
The information appears to reach out to health and safety specialists and associations 
instead of the main actors of prevention: employers and workers. 

In  the  United  Kingdom  an  empirical  investigation  confirmed  that  employers  of 
small-sized  enterprises  have  difficulties  in  understanding  the  information  material 
provided by the authorities responsible for the implementation of occupational safety 
and health.  

The  insufficient  level  of  understanding  is  explained  by  the  nature  of  the  provisions  – 
establishing an objective – without providing at national level the appropriate information to 
help  employers  establish  the  adequate  prevention  plans  addressing  the  risks  detected  in  the 
risk assessment. In particular employers of small-sized enterprises report that the development 
of such prevention plans is a very demanding task. 

24 

Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Ireland. 

14 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
On the motivation of the employers, the only available empirical study as regards health and 
safety  at  work  was  carried  out  in  the  United  Kingdom.  It  leads  to  the  conclusion  that 
complying  with  the  legal  regulations  is  the  most  important  reason  for  the  employer  to  take 
new measures (80% of the employers). However, the study allows to distinguish three basic 
patterns of behaviour: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

A  widely  spread  attitude  amongst  employers  consists  of  complying  with  the  legal 
requirements and to ensure that they pass inspections, but without hardly considering 
the benefits to be gained of improving occupational safety and health. The so called 
'legalistic behaviour' is thus aimed at containing the implementation costs as low as 
possible to meet the legal requirements. 

A second category of employers is genuinely interested in the costs and benefits of 
occupational  safety  and  health  and  considers  them  together  with  optimising 
production processes and integrated management systems and introduce them on the 
basis of what can be called 'intrinsic motivation'. However, this group is rather small. 
As  a  consequence,  programmes  based  on  ”best  practice  examples“  have  only  very 
limited reach. 

A  third  group  consists  of  enterprises  that  are  dealing  with  occupational  safety  and 
health because it is connected to the requirements expressed by important customers, 
public  tender  conditions,  and  sanctions  imposed  by  enforcement  authorities,  etc.  In 
other  words,  there  is  an  additional  so  called  'external  impetus'  to  commit  to 
occupational health and safety standards. 

4.3. 

Risk assessment, documentation and supervision 

One  of  the  most  important  new  developments  of  the  European  Union  health  and  safety 
legislation was the introduction of risk assessment and the documentation of the results as a 
foundation  for 
technical  and/or 
the  establishment  of  a  prevention  programme  of 
organisational measures to combat the risks. These tasks also include the regular supervision 
of  the  efficiency  of  the  measures  taken  and  the  continuous  improvement  of  the  situation 
according  to  the  provisions  of  Framework  Directive  89/391.  The  exercise  must  be  dynamic 
with the prevention programmes continuously updated as long as the risk situations persist.  

It  is  reported  that  the  tasks  of  risk  assessment,  documentation  and  supervision  is  not 
universally spread, including in Member States with a tradition based on prevention. Below 
are some empirical results: 

– 

– 

– 

In  Denmark,  a  study  from  1998  showed  that  almost  half  of  the  enterprises  had  not 
carried  out  any  risk  assessment.  Among  the  enterprises  with  5  to  19  workers,  only 
27% had conducted a study on the evaluation of risks. Among the enterprises with 20 
to  49  workers  the  percentage  was  already  61%  and  in  enterprises  with  50  to  199 
workers  67%.  Among  the  large-sized  enterprises  with  200  and  more  workers,  95% 
had conducted studies on the conditions at the workplace. 

Studies in Germany indicate that between a quarter and a third of the enterprises has 
carried out systematic and comprehensive risk assessments. Given the size of these 
companies, this nevertheless covers 75% of all workplaces. 

In the Netherlands, 58% of  the enterprises fulfil the newly introduced obligation to 
analyse the risks present at the workplace. In enterprises with more than 20 workers 

15 

 
 
  
 
this figure amounts to more than 80% and in enterprises with more than 100 workers 
to  96%.  The  percentage  for  small-sized  enterprises  is  lower.  Amongst  the  smallest 
enterprises with 2 to 9 workers only 52% have fulfilled their obligations. The reasons 
for refusing to carry out risk assessments are as follows: 30% of the employers are of 
the opinion that this is not necessary, 21% so far have not yet found the time, 9% did 
not know about their obligation, 8% had never ever heard about this before and 7% 
expressed  the  view  that  it  was  too  time-consuming  and  too  expensive.  For  the 
Netherlands,  data  concerning  the  measures  set  in  place  on  the  basis  of  the  risk 
assessment  was  also  submitted.  According  to  this  information,  approximately  two 
thirds of the enterprises that had carried out risk assessments have started to work out 
the  appropriate  measures  and  also  two  thirds  of  the  enterprises  have  already  set  in 
place concrete measures for occupational safety and health.  

– 

In  the  United  Kingdom,  30%  of  the  enterprises  that  were  familiar  with  the  new 
provisions  had  analysed  the  conditions  at  the  workplace  even  before  the  European 
provisions were implemented. Approximately half of the enterprises have conducted 
risk  assessments  for  the  first  time  after  the  implementation  of  the  European 
Directives.  In  total,  more  than  80%  of  all  the  enterprises  have  carried  out  risk 
assessments.  22%  of  the  enterprises  do  not  have  any  documentation  on  the  most 
important  findings  of  these  assessments.  Amongst  them,  there  are  many  of  the 
smallest  enterprises  with  less  than  5  workers  which  were  discharged  from  the 
documentation obligation. But also 3% of the large-sized enterprises and 24% of the 
enterprises with less than 50 workers do not fulfil their documentation obligation. 

In  relation  to  the  quality  of  the  risk  assessments,  the  evaluations  of  the  conditions  at  the 
workplace  and  its  documentation  as  well  as  the  supervision  of  the  efficiency  of  measures 
taken are clearly geared to meeting the legal obligations. 

The supervision within the enterprises of the efficiency of the measures taken shows a rather 
ambiguous situation. For instance, the results for Germany show that 84% of the enterprises 
with  more  than  250  workers  supervise  the  effects  of  the  measures  taken  for  occupational 
safety  and  health.  However,  this  is  true  for  less  than  30%  of  the  enterprises  with  under  10 
workers.  

In short, the points to be improved concerning the practical implementation of the provisions 
related to the risk assessment are the following: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

In the course of superficial, schematic procedures the focus is being put on obvious 
risks.  Long-term  effects  (e.g.  mental  factors)  as  well  as  risks  that  are  not  easily 
observed,  are  being  neglected,  as  for  example  the  ones  caused  by  chemical 
substances. 

is  hardly  any  consideration  of  psychosocial  risk  factors  and  work 

There 
organisational factors. 

Risks  are  not  being  analysed  and  evaluated  globally.  As  a  consequence,  separate 
measures are being set in place, but there is no integrative approach for the analysis 
of the conditions at the workplace. 

Risk  assessment  is  often  being  considered  to  be  a  one-time  obligation  and  lacks 
continuity. 

16 

 
 
  
 
– 

The efficiency of the measures is not sufficiently supervised by employers. 

4.4. 

Protective and preventive services 

Framework Directive 89/391 foresees that each employer shall designate one or more workers 
to  carry  out  activities  related  to  the  protection  and  prevention  of  occupational  risks  for  the 
undertaking and/or establishment and that, if such protective and preventive measures cannot 
be  organised  for  lack  of  competent  personnel,  the  employer  shall  enlist  competent  external 
services  or  persons.  In  other  words,  either  workers  of  the  undertaking  with  the  necessary 
aptitudes make the risk assessments and establish the preventive measures or external services 
are to be used.  

The intention of the legislator, in establishing the rule of the priority of the use of an internal 
preventive  service  over  the  use  of  an  external  preventive  service25,  was  to  ensure  that 
enterprises already having internal protective and preventive services keep them while giving 
the  possibility  to  those  that  do  not  have  such  services  to  have  access  to  protective  and 
preventive services of quality. 

The  degree  of  the  provision  of  protective  and  preventive  services  constitutes  an  important 
indicator for the evaluation of the practical implementation. This refers to the scope, the reach 
and the quality of the preventive services.  

The  Advisory  Committee  on  Safety,  Hygiene  and  Health  Protection  at  Work  adopted  an 
opinion  on  multidisciplinary  protective  and  preventive  services  and  health  surveillance  at 
work  on  15  May  200126  stating  that  Member  States  must  ensure  quality  control,  while 
employers, who are responsible for implementing the safety measures, must have the capacity 
to involve workers and enlist qualified competent assistance to perform these tasks. 

Although there are still significant deficits in ensuring a broad coverage of the protective and 
preventive services (safety engineering, health aspects at the workplace, psychological aspects 
at  work)  considerable  improvements  have  been  made  in  setting-up  external  preventive 
services. 

The following information provides a picture of the situation in some Member States: 

– 

– 

– 

25 
26 
27 

Belgium: about 91% of the enterprises has signed contracts with external preventive 
service providers. In principle, all enterprises, including SMEs, have to sign contracts 
with  external  services  (there  are  27  SEPR  -  External  Protective  and  Preventive 
Service). Large-sized enterprises in general organise these services internally. 

Denmark: The Danish Occupational Health Service has conducted an evaluation that 
reveals that only 12% of companies with less than 10 workers used an occupational 
Health  Service  in  1994  (Danish  Working  Environment  Service,  1995).  In  a  study 
carried-out in 1999, 38% of small-sized enterprises did  not make  use  of preventive 
services at all and another 21% used these services less than once a year.27  

Germany:  In  approximately  half  of  the  German  SMEs  with  less  than  20  workers 
there  is  no  safety  engineer  and/or  occupational  health  expert.  These  SMEs  account 

see, in this sense, the judgement of the Court of Justice in case C-441/01, Commission v. the Netherlands. 
COM(2003) 346 final du 12.06.2003 
Tyberg, A. et al: Evaluation of experiences with the current Occupational Health Service-system, Tastrup 2000. 

17 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

for  90%  of  all  German  enterprises.  Roughly  20%  to  25%  of  the  workers  in  the 
private sector work in these enterprises. 

For  Greece,  experts  indicate  that  the  prevention  services  to  enterprises  with  more 
than  150  workers  are  considered  satisfactory.  Small-  and  medium-sized  enterprises 
(with up to 150 workers) have no access to preventive services. 

Finland: The overwhelming majority of workers are covered by preventive services. 
Only 8 % of the workers are not provided with any medical care at the workplace. 
There  are  considerable  deficits  in  particular  amongst  enterprises  with  less  than  10 
workers where no services are provided in roughly 44% of them. 

Until  recently  France  claimed  that  the  existing  occupational  medicine  which  was 
created in 1946, fulfilled the requirements of Article 7 of the Framework Directive. 
Therefore only occupational health services for workers have been considered here, 
which is formally guaranteed for approximately 85% of the workforce. 

In  Luxembourg  almost  all  the  large-sized  enterprises  provide  protective  and 
preventive  services  to  their  workers.  On  the  other  hand,  experts  estimate  that 
approximately  half  of  the  enterprises  with  50  to  less  than  250  workers  and  the 
majority of the small-sized enterprises with less than 50 workers do not make use of 
preventive  services  to  the  extent  stipulated  by  law.  As  a  consequence  of  this, 
approximately  100,000  out  of  the  total  of  190,000  workers  are  reported  not  to  be 
sufficiently covered with protective and preventive services.  

In the Netherlands 97% of the enterprises have signed the prescribed contract for the 
provision of services with a certified external company providing occupational safety 
and health care.  

Austria: 70% of all workers have access to preventive services, this coverage being 
rather superficial in small enterprises. 

Portugal: only a minority of enterprises is being provided with preventive expertise. 

Sweden  reported  that  72  %  of  the  enterprises  and  public  institutions  are  being 
provided  with  preventive  services.  Amongst  the  small-sized  enterprises  with  less 
than 10 workers a respectable number of 45 % are taken care of. This figure amounts 
to 88 % for enterprises with more than 50 workers.  

In Spain, the national Labour Survey of working conditions (1999) reported that 24% 
of firms had no organised prevention activity28. 

In  the  United  Kingdom  85  %  of  the  enterprises  are  covered  by  a  specialist  for 
occupational safety and health working at the enterprise or based on a contract with a 
provider of these services. 

As preliminary conclusions it shall be noted that not all enterprises implement this provision 
either  by  designating  a  worker  to  carry  out  the  activities  dealing  with  the  prevention  of 
occupational  risks  or,  in  the  case  of  lack  of  competent  personnel,  by  making  appeal  to  an 

28 

Report: resultados Estadisticos del Plan de Visitas a Empresas (statistical results from enterprise inspections) 

18 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
external protective and preventive  service. There are problems in particular  with  small- and 
medium-sized enterprises in all the European countries. 

One of the problems concerning the organisation of protective and preventive services is the 
lack  of  appropriately  qualified  personnel.  This  holds  especially  true  for  services  organised 
externally as well as for the health aspects at the workplace. The Framework Directive does 
not define the aptitudes and competencies of preventive services leaving it up to the Member 
States. However, it follows logically from the provisions of the Framework Directive that the 
preventive services have to be of a multidisciplinary nature. 

Member States have defined these aptitudes and capabilities differently, which is reflected on 
the quality of the services provided in the different Member States. 

The  quantitative  coverage  of  the  enterprises,  public  institutions  and  the  workers  is  not 
sufficient in itself to evaluate the provision of protective and preventive services. Qualitative 
aspects  (training  schemes  for  the  workers,  the  intensity  of  services  provided,  successful 
improvements) should be included as well. In this context, there are significant deficits, inter 
alia a one-sided focus on technical aspects, medical surveillance being too much focused on 
the provision of preventive care only and the tendency on the part of the employers to reduce 
the level of the services to a minimum. 

It  is  very  difficult  to  evaluate  the  quality  of  the  preventive  services  provided.  There  is  no 
generally accepted standard for the evaluation of quality. In this context, the question could be 
put  as  to  whether  the  minimum  periods,  which  were  determined  in  the  individual  Member 
States,  will  actually  suffice  for  an  effective  provision  of  services.  One  should  take  into 
account  that  the  employers  almost  exclusively  consider  the  minimum  periods  for  the 
provision  of  services  to  workers  as  a  general  rule  and  are  hardly  willing  to  organise  the 
provision of any additional services.  

The  certification  of  providers  of  preventive  services  constitutes  one  possibility  to  ensure  a 
high level of quality. In some of the Member States all the providers of external services have 
to have a certification in order to be able to provide these services, as for example in Belgium 
(since 2002), Greece,  Portugal  and  the Netherlands. Other countries do without any kind of 
certification  and  simply  ask  for  evidence  of  good  qualifications  in  the  form  of  for  instance 
references and diplomas. Voluntary certification constitutes a kind of compromise, which was 
recently introduced in Germany. 

The discussion about the certification as a tool to guarantee a high level of quality has not yet 
come to an end. It should be taken into consideration that certificates only help to analyse the 
structures but do not serve as a basis to evaluate the quality of processes and results.  

In  any  case,  it  should  be  noted  that  the  certification  of  protective  and  preventive  services 
could also contribute to guarantee the free movement of persons and services in this regard. 

To sum up: 

– 

There  is  not  yet  a  systematic  access  of  all  enterprises  to  protective  and  preventive 
services in Europe at the moment. The problems are especially significant in relation 
to small- and medium-sized enterprises throughout the whole of Europe. In addition 
to that, especially in the countries of Southern Europe and in Ireland, a large number 
of enterprises are working without any preventive services being provided to them. 

19 

 
 
  
 
– 

– 

– 

– 

There are significant difficulties due to the fact that the number of preventive service 
providers is far too limited to meet the demand in some countries such as Greece and 
Portugal, namely in terms of occupational medicine. 

Practically  all  Member  States  have  problems  with  the  quality  of  external  services. 
One  of  the  most  important  reasons  for  this  is  the  tendency  on  the  part  of  the 
enterprises to try to purchase these services as cheaply as possible. They do not value 
the quality of these services. 

It  appears  that  the  existing  protective  and  preventive  services  have  a  reduced 
capacity to deal in a holistic approach with the occupational risks (multidisciplinary 
services). 

It seems to be necessary to strengthen the measures to ensure the quality of external 
preventive service providers: the labour inspectorate could have an important role to 
play here. 

4.5. 

Information, consultation, participation and training 

The  information,  consultation,  participation  and  training  of  workers  represents  one  of  the 
cornerstones  of  the  prevention  policy  established  by  the  EU  Health  and  Safety  legislation. 
Detailed  rules  on  information,  consultation  and  training  are  laid  down  in  the  directives 
concerned. In this respect, the important role that education at all levels should play in view of 
giving  to  every  human  being  knowledge  on  occupational  health  and  safety  should  be 
highlighted. 

In the field of information very little data has been collected so far. However, two examples 
can be described: 

– 

– 

– 

In Finland, workers associations and the enforcement authorities mention that there 
are significant differences between the enterprises and complain of problems relating 
to  the  information  of  workers.  There  are  also  deficits  regarding  workplaces  with 
workers  from  different  enterprises.  The  views  on  the  quality  of  the  instruction  and 
training  of  the  workers  are  very  diverging.  Whereas  the  employers  and  political 
administrations  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  level  reached  is  acceptable,  the  trade 
unions and the enforcement authorities think that it is not. 

Three  quarters  of  the  enterprises  in  the  United  Kingdom  stated  that,  after  the 
implementation of the new provisions, they provided much more information to the 
workers,  and  half  of  the  enterprises  carry  out  further-training  schemes.  Concerning 
the  five  first  individual  Directives,  the  demand  for  information  was  the  highest  for 
the provisions on the use of personal protective equipment and the manual handling 
of loads. The number of enterprises having reported problems with information and 
qualification  amounts  to  less  than  20%.  These  are  first  and  foremost  problems  in 
relation  to  the  time-schedule  for  the  compilation  of  material  and  the  organisational 
structures for giving instructions. 

Italy and Portugal reported that there are considerable deficits in connection with the 
information and instruction of the workers, including a lack of sufficient fulfilment 
of basic requirements. 

20 

 
 
  
 
Whereas it is difficult to collect data on the part of the employers or the persons responsible 
for  the  implementation  of  occupational  safety  and  health  regulations  that  allow  to  draw 
conclusions  about  the  level  of  information,  this  is  even  more  true  for  collecting  data  from 
workers.  Only  a  few  Member  States  have  relevant  data  on  this  subject,  which  can  be 
summarised as follows: 

– 

– 

– 

In  North  Rhine  Westphalia  (Germany)  only  one  third  of  the  workers  were  able  to 
give  a  positive  answer  when  being  asked  whether  a  risk  assessment  had  been 
conducted at their workplace. Approximately one third gave a negative answer and 
almost one third was not able to answer this question at all. It can be assumed that 
this  last  group  has  no  knowledge  about  its  rights  and  obligations  in  relation  to 
occupational  safety  and  health  provisions.  One  fourth  of  the  German  occupational 
doctors were not able to provide any information in this context. 

In Spain, 90% of the employers have stated during interviews carried out in 1999 that 
they  had  not  informed  their  workers.  A  Spanish  survey  from  1999  confirmed  that 
only 11% of the employers have informed or instructed their workers. 

The  information  and  qualification  of  workers  was  also  seen  as  a  problem  in 
enterprise  case  studies  that  have  been  carried  out.  Finnish  enterprise  case  studies 
show  that  the  workers  have  shown  very  little  interest  in  being  informed  and 
instructed since they did not perceive obvious incentives or benefits.  

The obligations to inform workers also refer to the workers from other enterprises working on 
the  same  premises.  The  practical implementation  of  this  provision  is  lagging  far  behind  the 
average of the other categories of employers' obligations. This problem occurs in practically 
all the industrial sectors, in all Member States and in all the different enterprises of diverging 
sizes and is of particular importance in the case of temporary workers. 

In the majority of cases temporary workers are being used for less qualified jobs with heavy 
physical burdens. Since these temporary workers, frequently switch jobs changing from one 
enterprise to another, they do not know about the potential risks and operational processes.  

Many  employers  do  not  think  it  is  necessary  or  they  simply  forget  to  inform  and  train 
temporary workers. The fact that these workers work for the enterprise only for a short period 
of time, the effort that has to be made to inform and instruct these workers or simply the fact 
that “everything has worked out well so far” are only some of the reasons that can explain the 
reluctance of many employers to take the necessary measures in this field. 

As  far  as  the  participation  of  workers  is  concerned,  their  general  participation  in  the 
enterprises has still not been organised in a satisfactory manner. 

Greater opportunities for the participation of the workers were opened up by the Framework 
Directive, which makes the worker an equal actor in the prevention strategy and imposes on 
him the obligation of co-operation with the employer in the  continuous improvement of  the 
health and safety conditions. Thus the possibilities of the institutions representing the interests 
of the workers to participate have been significantly increased in many Member States. This 
is also true for countries in which the participation of workers has traditionally been given a 
high priority, as in Germany and the Netherlands. 

As to works councils, empirical studies and interviews also indicate that they only seize these 
new opportunities with a certain reluctance.  

21 

 
 
  
 
The reasons for the deficit of the participation of the workers are very diverging and can be 
summarised as follows: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

There is a general lack of knowledge about the new rights of participation.  

The  concentration  on  practical  solutions  and  day-to-day  business:  the  persons 
responsible  for  the  representation  of  workers'  interests  in  the  enterprises  are  very 
pragmatic,  and  fail  to  develop  an  holistic  approach  concentrating  instead  only  on 
obvious problems. 

Additional  efforts  are  being  seen  as  too  time-consuming  and  there  is  the  fear  that 
there will be more administrative charges. 

The delegation of responsibility to workers’ representatives and/or health and safety 
committees. This reduces the willingness on the part of individual workers to show 
an interest in occupational safety and health and to take on responsibility themselves. 

Imbalances  between  expertise  and  general  knowledge:  members  of  the  works 
councils  normally  have  to  make  a  considerable  effort  to  acquire  the  necessary 
expertise  and  knowledge  to  catch  up  with  their  employers  or  the  specialist  for 
occupational safety and health working for the enterprise. In general, workers or their 
occupational health and safety representatives are not prepared to discuss the subject 
with the employer. 

– 

Workers lack of interest in matters concerning their own safety.  

Special  reference  should  be  made  here  of  the  institutions  specifically  responsible  for 
occupational health and safety. These can be committees in which in addition to the workers, 
the  employers  or  the  persons  responsible  for  occupational  health  and  safety  are  also 
represented  or  institutions  in  which  only  the  workers  are  represented.  Very  little  is  known 
about the activities of these organisations in relation to all countries of the EU. French experts 
estimate  that  only  one  fifth  of  the  existing  Health,  Safety  and  Working  Conditions 
Committees make effective preventive efforts. 

In Member States with a clearly defined culture in co-management, a negative trend has been 
observed concerning the institutionalised representation of interests. The more clearly defined 
employment  relationships  and  the  higher  the  number  of  institutions  and  committees  dealing 
with occupational safety and health, the less likely workers themselves actively participate in 
the definition of the prevention policy in the enterprise. 

As  regards  training,  the  levels  of  education  and  training  in  large  companies  are  considered 
adequate.  However,  there  is  a  general  lack  of  education  and  training  of  workers,  safety 
representatives  and  employers  on  health  and  safety  risk  management  in  small  and  medium-
sized  companies.  This  situation  impairs  an  effective  application  of  the  health  and  safety 
legislation. 

4.6. 

Organisation and management of health and safety at work 

Occupational  health  and  safety  protection  is  an  ongoing  and  complex  obligation,  which 
requires a transparent and systematic approach. 

Increasingly  complex  work  processes  and  changes  in  working  conditions,  together  with  the 
resulting  new  or  changing  types  of  risks,  necessitate  a  new  and  comprehensive  approach  to 

22 

 
 
  
 
health  and  safety  at  work.  Intelligent  and  methodical  solutions  are  needed,  which  allow  the 
employer to take account of occupational health and safety principles at all operational levels 
and for all activities and to convert them into appropriate measures. Such measures must play 
an  increasingly  important  role  in  shaping  working  conditions,  optimising  processes  and 
procedures and influencing attitudes, so as to prevent work-related health hazards and further 
develop health promotion in organisations. 

The management of occupational health and safety has to form an integral part of the overall 
management of the enterprise. 

Very  often  enterprises  excuse  the  absence  of  health  and  safety  management  because  of 
implementation  costs.  However,  the  legislator  did  not  call  for  sophisticated  management 
systems,  but  simply  encouraged  applying  basic  management  principles  also  in  the  field  of 
occupational health and safety. 

In Germany, for instance a campaign was started in the textile industry to help enterprises to 
integrate occupational health and safety into the overall management of the companies. At the 
end  of  the  campaign,  four  fifths  of  the  enterprises  had  integrated  occupational  safety  and 
health  completely  into  their  operational  management  processes.  This  is  on  average  only  the 
case with approximately one third of the enterprises. 

With the exception of large companies, there is a lack of proper organisation and management 
of  occupational  health  and  safety  considering  it  as  an  integrated  feature  throughout  the 
organisation.  This  constitutes  an  important  obstacle  for  an  adequate  implementation  of  the 
health and safety legislation. 

4.7. 

Enforcement  

According to Article 4 of the Framework Directive 89/391/EEC, Member States should take 
the necessary steps to ensure that employers, workers and workers' representatives are subject 
to  the  legal  provisions  necessary  for  the  implementation  of  the  Directive  and,  in  particular 
shall  ensure  adequate  controls  and  supervision.  Therefore,  the  effective  equivalent 
enforcement  in  all  Member  States  is  essential  not  only  to  fulfil  the  obligations  imposed  by 
Article 4 of the Framework Directive but also to ensure that the provisions of the Directives 
are  uniformly  applied  guaranteeing  the  same  level  of  protection  for  workers  throughout  the 
European  Union.  It  is  therefore  important  to  analyse  the  enforcement  efforts  devoted  by 
Member States and the impact of the new EU legislation on the Labour Inspectorates and the 
efficiency of the enforcement action. 

Labour  Inspectorates  constitute  the  major  body  for  enforcement  of  health  and  safety.  In 
addition, there are other specialised inspection bodies which have responsibilities in particular 
sectors  of  activity  or  whose  action  also  impacts  on  the  health  and  safety  implementation 
(mines  inspectorates,  nuclear  inspectorates,  maritime  inspectorates,  work  equipment  market 
surveillance, etc.). 

Generally  used  indicators  to  measure  the  enforcement  effort  are  the  number  of  labour 
inspectors  in  each  Member  State  and  the  number  of  inspections  performed  per  year.  In  the 
European Union, approximately 12 000 inspectors perform each year 1 400 000 inspections. 
The  available  data  on  the  inspection  effort  and  on  the  coverage  of  the  working  population 
(inspectors/working  population)  varies  markedly  from  country  to  country  depending  on  the 
socio-economic structure and the different nature of enforcement systems in place. In effect, 
the relative importance of particular sectors of economic activity and the specificity of risks in 

23 

 
 
  
 
those  sectors  has  originated  in  most  countries  the  creation  of  specialised  inspection  bodies 
(nuclear, mines, maritime, etc, inspections) which enforce different aspects of the EU health 
and safety legislation.  

On  the  other  hand,  generalist  inspections  enforce  not  only  health  and  safety  legislation  but 
also  other  aspects  of  labour  and  social  security  laws.  Oftenly,  several  inspection  bodies  are 
responsible  for  the  enforcement  of  the  different  provisions  of  the  same  national  piece  of 
legislation. Therefore it is particularly difficult to differenciate the effective inspection effort 
devoted to health and safety matters in the different Member States. 

The entry into force of the new EU health and safety legislation did not seem to represent an 
increase  in  the  inspection  effort  devoted  by  the  different  Member  States.  Consequently,  the 
national  reports  indicate  a  chronic  lack  of  resources  of  Labour  Inspectorates  to  cover  all 
aspects of the new legislation, with particular attention to SMEs. 

To  respond  in  a  constructive  way  to  the  insufficient  resources,  Labour  Inspectorates  have 
adopted innovative approaches of inspection, including by planning the inspections according 
to  the  level  of  risk  and  by  considering the willingness and the aptitude of the companies to 
implement  the  regulations.  In  some  cases,  a  strict  separation  has  been  introduced  between 
inspections  and  provision  of  information  and  consultation,  for  which  separate  institutions 
have been created and held responsible. 

Member  States  report  about  the  investment  in  the  training  of  inspectors  to  cope  with  the 
multidisciplinary approach of prevention required by the EU health and safety legislation and 
needed to control risks due to new technology or new forms of work organisation. 

In  this  sense,  it  is  important  to  note  the  evolution  observed  on  the  two  traditional  forms  of 
Labour  Inspectorates:  generalists  dealing  with  all  aspects  of  Labour  Law  and  specialists 
enforcing exclusively health and safety at work. 

The need to control the implementation of prevention plans based on risk assessments, which 
include not only technological risks (like those due to work equipment), but also others which 
are due to work relations or work organisation, have caused that specialist inspections started 
to care more about control of risks of work organisation whereas the generalistic inspections 
have intensified their surveillance on the technological risks. This in turn, has created the need 
for  an  increase  of  the  inspectors'  competencies  and  impacted  on  the  recruitment,  education 
levels and training of inspectors. 

It is difficult to determine mathematically the efficiency of the Inspectorates action in terms of 
contribution  to  the  reduction  of  occupational  accidents  and  diseases.  Only  the  effect  of 
concrete  actions  like  inspection  campaigns  or  specific  programmes  provide  some  indication 
of the efficiency, although even in those cases it is difficult to differentiate the effects due to 
awareness-raising  from  those  produced  by  the  improvement  notices  issued  or  sanctions 
applied. 

It  seems  therefore  essential  that  an  appropriate  methodology  together  with  criteria  and 
indicators for the measuring of the efficiency of the inspection are established at the European 
level.  This  would  also  provide  an  indication  of  the  most  effective  ways  and  means  to  be 
applied as well as an appropriate justification for the need of additional inspection resources. 
The results of the work initiated in this area by the Senior Labour Inspectorates Committee 
(SLIC) are of particular importance. 

24 

 
 
  
 
The efficiency of the Labour Inspectorates needs to be measured not only by the quantity and 
quality of inspections but also by its impact in the increasing of knowledge of actors and the 
changes brought about in attitudes and organisation of companies for the improvement in the 
working  environment.  In  particular, 
their 
representatives'  right  of  appeal  to  the  enforcement  authority  and  the  opportunity  for  the 
workers'  representatives 
inspections,  are  fully 
implemented. 

their  observations  during 

the  workers'  and/or 

is  essential 

to  submit 

that 

it 

The  analysis  performed  shows  that  the  action  of  the  EU  Labour  Inspectorates  actively 
contributes  to  the  reduction  of  absenteeism  due  to  occupational  accidents  and  diseases  but 
also to the behavioural changes of the actors of prevention at workplace level.  

Some complaints received by the Commission provide some indication that improvements are 
still needed to improve inspection action as regards SMEs and high risk sectors of activity as 
well  as  to  increase  the  dissuasive  power  of  the  improvement  notices  and  sanctions.  In  this 
sense, it would be advisable that the analysis between the proportion of sanctions proposed, 
imposed  and  confirmed  is  performed  and  the  reasons  leading  to  high  disproportionality 
investigated. 

A  closer  co-operation  between  the  Labour  Inspectorates  and  the  Judicial  authorities  would 
contribute to lower the proportion of unsuccessful proceedings or facilitate the application of 
sanctions in transnational situations. 

The  co-ordination  between  the  different  authorities  in  charge  of  the  different  inspections  at 
national level and the Member States Labour Inspectorates need to be strengthened in order to 
ensure  minimum  standards  of  inspection  across  the  EU.  The  Common  Principles  for 
Inspection  of  Health  and  Safety  at  the  workplace  established  by  SLIC  should  be  the 
foundation  for  reaching  effective  and  uniform  enforcement  of  the  EU  Health  and  Safety 
legislation and avoiding competitive advantages for some companies. 

4.8. 

Two specific cases 

The practical implementation of the Framework Directive 89/391 and its five first individual 
directives  89/654,  89/655,  89/656,  90/269  and  90/270  in  the  small  and  medium  sized 
enterprises (SMEs) and in the public sector deserve particular attention. 

EU  health  and  safety  directives  apply  to  SMEs  and  their  specific  needs  were  taken  into 
consideration in order to facilitate the application and to avoid administrative burdens.  

Also the public sector was explicitly brought into the scope of the directives concerned. This 
was  an  innovation  with  far  reaching  effects  for  the  workers  concerned  as  well  as  for  the 
national administrations. 

4.8.1. 

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) 

Over the last decade the average size of enterprises in the EU has been getting smaller with 
90% of them employing less than 20 workers. Not only is the number of SMEs growing but 
there is also a huge turnover in these companies and what can be qualified as an associated 
instability in labour conditions. 

Most  of  these  small  firms  also  have  an  informal  organisational  structure.  Often,  the 
owner/manager  of  the  firm  manages  all  aspects  of  the  business  and  has  to  deal  with  sales, 
marketing,  finance,  production,  people,  stock  control  and  much  besides  –  as  well  as  being 

25 

 
 
  
 
responsible for health and safety. Health and safety may often be seen as a costly extra rather 
than an integral part of managing a good business properly. 

A key to reducing the level of accidents in these small firms must therefore be to successfully 
communicate all necessary information to those who run small businesses and persuade them 
that managing health and safety is an integral part of managing their business. 

Unlike larger firms, many of the small firms have less history behind them and will not have 
experienced  accidents.  However,  when  accidents  happen  in  very  small  firms,  they  often 
involve a worker who is a friend or relative and given the size of the company a key member 
of staff. Accidents may have severe consequences to the firm – possibly even putting it out of 
business. 

A sector by sector comparison of small companies with larger companies in the same sector 
showed that risk levels were similar. The analysis performed showed that the risks were more 
dependent on the type of activity than on the size of the company. In other words, the size of a 
company is irrelevant for the intrinsic risk hazard. 

Evidence  shows  that  there  are  major  shortcomings  in  complying  with  essential  elements  of 
EU Health and Safety legislation in SMEs, in particular as regards risk assessment, workers' 
participation  and  training,  and  in  the  traditionally  high  risk  sectors  of  agriculture  and 
construction. 

The main reasons for these low levels of compliance observed are ascribed to: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

lack of specific and comprehensible information and guidance 

poor ability and skills to manage health and safety 

lack of resources to ensure adequate basic training of staff and managers 

difficult access to specific and specialised competent technical assistance. 

When consulted on these issues, SMEs indicated that they can subscribe to these views. They 
also added the following comments: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

current  legislation  in  health  and  safety  assumed  all  companies  had  a 
management structure similar to large companies 

health and safety should cover all workplaces and all those who work (i.e. there 
should be no derogation based on small size) 

management  skills  (of  which  health  and  safety  is  seen  to  be  a  part)  needed 
development 

all training must be at local level 

training and advice should be given by people who know the business and not 
by experts in "Ivory Towers" 

intermediaries,  for  example  trade  organisations,  banks,  insurance  companies, 
etc. should play a major role in providing information and assistance 

26 

 
 
  
 
– 

there  is  no  shortage  of  information  available.  What  is  needed  is  easily 
accessible, sector specific, targeted and jargon free information. 

The  level  of  information  and  knowledge  on  the  part  of  the  employers  is  of  extreme 
significance  for  the  implementation  of  the  new  national  regulations  transposing  the  EU 
Directives. Empirical studies as well as case studies have shown that the level of application 
is extremely low amongst SMEs. In most of the Member States there is no problem with the 
availability  of  information,  but  with  the  ability  on  the  part  of  employers  to  understand  the 
information provided. Often information material specifically intended for SMEs suffers from 
a  high  level  of  abstraction.  It  is  claimed  that  it  can  therefore  not  be  understood  by  the 
employers of SMEs. 

Nevertheless, according to the national reports elaborated by the Member States, one of the 
most  widespread  actions  of  Member  States  with  regard  to  SMEs  has  been  to  issue  more 
specific and comprehensible information, in order to ease the implementation of regulations. 
Some  Member  States29  have  additionally  eliminated  certain  administrative  formalities  or 
reduced  certain  obligations  where  companies  with  very  few  workers  are  involved,  without 
adversely affecting worker protection. 

At the same time, several national reports stressed the economic difficulties encountered by 
SMEs  for  adapting  existing  work  equipment  to  the  requirements  of  Directive  89/655  or  to 
replace  it  to  meet  the  essential  safety  requirements  of  the  internal  market  directive  (old 
Directive 89/392 now Directive 98/37). 

For  this  reason  some  Member  States  have  taken  specific  measures  in  order  to  mitigate  or 
reduce the economic cost of the implementation of these directives. Germany has developed 
programmes  for  overhauling  old  machinery  and  France  and  Belgium  are  proposing 
investment  plans  as  well  as  granting  loans  for  the  acquisition  of  new  machinery.  Some 
Member States also report difficulties posed by the craft sector, both from the information as 
well as the financial points of view, for which there is an initiative30 to create joint plans by 
the industrial sector. 

The  Commission  Communication  on  a  new  strategy  on  health  and  safety  at  work  2002-
200631, already recommended a combination of instruments to help to ensure high levels of 
compliance of SMEs with the Health and Safety legislation: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

spreading of good practices at local level 

training of managers and workers 

development of simple tools to facilitate risk assessment 

the provision of information and guidance easy to follow, easy to get hold of 
and in plain language 

– 

better publicity and access to sources of advice 

29 
30 
31 

United Kingdom, Austria, Greece, Portugal 
France. 
COM(2002) 118 

27 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

ensuring access to external protective and preventive services of quality and at 
affordable costs 

using  Labour  inspectors  as  agents  of  change  to  promote  better  compliance  in 
SMEs,  first  through  education,  persuasion  and  encouragement  and  through 
increase of enforcement, where necessary. 

4.8.2.  The public sector 

The inclusion of the public sector in the scope of the Health and Safety Legislation constitutes 
a novelty in the majority of Member States. 

Despite some problems in certain Member States (in particular with the military sector)32, that 
are  still  being  dealt  with  by  the  Commission,  the  transposition  of  the  EU  health  and  safety 
legislation to the public sector can be generally considered correct. However, problems arise 
with the level of application of such rules, which turn out to be often defective. 

In  effect,  the  generalised  belief  in  the  public  administration  that  the  risk  levels  are 
insignificant  in  comparison  to  the  same  levels  in  industry  coupled  with  a  very  hierarchical 
work organisation where the principle of the responsibility of the employer is diluted, leads to 
the paradoxical situation where Member States do not apply to their administrations the rules 
agreed by them and adopted for the well-being of the workers at work. This also holds true for 
the European Institutions and their services. 

Nevertheless,  the  risks  addressed  by  the  Framework  Directive  89/391  and  its  five  first 
individual  Directives  89/654,  89/655,  89/656,  90/269  and  90/270  are  present  in  the  public 
sector at the same levels as in the private sector. It cannot be disputed that the risks linked to 
ergonomic  aspects,  workplace  conditions,  the  handling  of  loads,  the  use  of  display  screen 
equipment or the organisational aspects including the psychosocial risks, are widely present in 
the public sector. The complaints received by the Commission from workers from the public 
sector  confirm  the  poor  working  conditions  related  to  these  risks  and  the  poor  level  of 
implementation.  

In the majority of Member States there is a lack of safety culture, awareness and motivation 
of workers and their hierarchy for the improvement of the health and safety conditions in the 
public sector. In addition, the availability of adequate resources for the implementation of the 
provisions of the health and safety legislation is often impaired by the limitations imposed in 
the national budgets. 

It is rare to find national administrations performing risk assessments, possessing preventive 
services  or  implementing  systematic  training,  information  and  workers'  participation 
mechanisms as regards health and safety at work. 

The  enforcement  of  the  health  and  safety  legislation  in  the  public  sector  represents  an 
additional problem as regards the assurance of the respect of this legislation. In the majority 
of Member States, the Labour Inspectorate is either not competent to enforce health and safety 
legislation in the public administration, this function being performed by an internal service 
lacking the necessary hierarchical independence, or its enforcement powers are diminished by 
the  difficulties  to  make  the  improvement  notices  or  sanctions  imposed  applicable  and 
effective. 

32 

e.g. Spain. 

28 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
The  proportion  of  workers  in  the  civil  service,  the  fact  that  traditionally  civil  servants  will 
pass  their  entire  career  working  for  the  public  sector  and  will  thus  be  exposed  to  the  same 
risks,  the  impact  of  their  working  conditions  and  workplaces  (schools,  hospitals,  public 
services) to the health and safety of others and the moral obligation of the public sector to set 
the  example,  deserve  that  increased  efforts  are  deployed  by  Member  States  to  improve  the 
level of compliance with the health and safety standards. 

5. 

ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS 

It  results  from  the  national  reports  that  the  majority  of  Member  States33  consider  that  the 
necessary  amount  of  time  has  not  elapsed  to  make  a  proper  and  full  assessment  of 
effectiveness. Although nearly all Member States believe there has been a positive impact34, 
they do not have the data or statistical results available yet to demonstrate the practical impact 
of the Directive in a direct way. However, the evaluation that the legislation has contributed 
to making the workplace safer is supported by general statistical data on occupational health 
and safety. 

5.1. 

Effects on accidents at work and occupational diseases 

The  most  recent  figures35  on  accidents  at  work  that  are  available  are  for  the  year  200036. 
According to that information the number of accidents per 100,000 workers (incident rate) in 
comparison with 1994 has declined from 4,539 to about 4,016.37  

Incidence Rate of Occupational Accidents with

more than 3 days absence

 4 800

 4 500

 4 200

 3 900

 3 600

1994

1995

1996

1997

Years

1998

1999

2000

As  far  as  the  incident  rates  of  fatal  accidents  at  work  are  concerned  there  is  a  clear 
improvement  during  the  period  1994-2000  at  European  level:  the  incident  rate  of  the  fatal 
accidents have been constantly reduced since 1994 to attain a reduction of 25%. The absolute 
figures were also reduced in the same period from 6.423 to 5.237.  

33 
34 
35 

36 

37 

Germany, Belgium, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Ireland, etc. 
Special repercussions in Greece 
It should be noted that the information is not entirely comparable due to the fact that the criteria for the collection 
of data are not completely compatible and the fact that in voluntary systems for the registration of accidents at work 
the actual scope of the problem remains underestimated. 
ESAW-European  statistics  on  accidents  at  work..  For  occupational  diseases,  Eurostat  developed  the  European 
occupational disease statistics (EODS). 
Personal computations based on the (preliminary) data from the Eurostat data base NewCronos. 

29 

 
 
  
 
 
                                                 
Incidence Rate of Occupational Fatal Accidents

7,0

6,0

5,0

4,0

3,0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Years

By contrast, activities employing a large proportion of women saw an increase, albeit small, 
of accidents. This is the case for textiles and clothing industry, commerce and repairs, hotels 
and restaurants and financial and businesses activities. 

Another source of information, this time providing subjective data (perception of workers and 
employers) on the developments in the field of labour conditions, are the 1999 Labour Force 
Survey  and  the  surveys  carried  out  by  the  European  Foundation  for  the  Improvement  of 
Living and Working Conditions. 

Contrary to the statistical data that show a continuous decrease in the number and severity of 
accidents at work, the feeling of the working population is that working conditions in general 
have not improved. The most important results from the surveys are the following: 

More and more workers declare to suffer from back pain, even when Directive 90/269 on the 
manual handling of loads and Directive 90/270 on work with display screen equipment should 
have  had  a  preventive  impact.  It  is  also  reported  that  the  number  of  workers  having  to 
manually  deal  with  heavy  loads  has  increased.  This  appears  to  be  in  contradiction  with  en 
effective  application  of  directive  90/269  that  would  imply  a  decrease  in  the  number  of 
workers concerned. In any case, Member States still consider the manual handling of loads as 
a problem of great concern.38  

All these indications may indicate that Directive 90/269 as well as Directive 90/270 are not 
being  fully  implemented.  However,  there  is  no  definitive  evidence  to  quantify  as  to  what 
extent the increase in back pain reporting is due to improper implementation of the legislation 
or  is  due  to  non  occupational  activities  or  to  risks  not  addressed  by  these  directives.  In  any 
case,  the  complaint  of  workers  deserves  further  investigation  in  order  to  identify  the  real 
causes. 

Another still very severe problem consists of repetitive movements, which is also confirmed 
by Member States and the European Agency39. The number of illnesses caused by these types 
of movements has risen, although improved planning and organisation could very often help 
to avoid these disorders. 

38 

39 

Europäische  Agentur  für  Sicherheit  und  Gesundheitsschutz  am  Arbeitsplatz  (European  Agency  for  occupational 
health  and  safety  at  the  workplace):  Der  Stand  von  Sicherheit  und  Gesundheitsschutz  bei  der  Arbeit  in  der 
Europäischen  Union  –  Pilotstudie  (The  state  of  occupational  health  and  safety  at  the  workplace  in  the  European 
Union), Luxembourg 2000, summary report p. 29. 
Ibid, p. 30. 

30 

 
 
  
 
 
                                                 
The  organisation  of  operational  processes  is  apparently  not  in  line  with  the  requirements  to 
reduce significantly the number of workers suffering from unfavourable working conditions. 
In  connection  with  special  types  of  strain,  such  as  painful  or  tiring  physical  positions,  now 
more workers seem to be affected than was the case five or ten years ago. Especially workers 
in atypical or delicate employment situations suffer from these strains. 

Additionally,  in  their  national  reports  the  Member  States  have  indicated  that  in  relation  to 
Directive 90/270 proper implementation of the regulations should lead to an improvement in 
the ergonomic suitability of these workstations. The subject of disorders caused by working 
with  display  screen  is  controversial.  Some  Member  States40  consider  that  the  risks  of  work 
which includes display screens are of a secondary nature. They are of the opinion that certain 
eyesight problems are unfairly ascribed to screen work and that the disorders peculiar to this 
work (eye fatigue and postural pains) are easily reversible by breaks in screen work or making 
adjustments  to  the  working  environment.  Other  Member  States  acknowledge  certain 
symptoms such as stress, headaches, eye irritation and general tiredness, as well as other more 
serious  problems  of  electromagnetic  radiation,  lasers  and  magnetic  fields  relating  to 
terminals41.  

In conclusion, the feeling of the working population indicates that much still needs to be done 
as regards work control and work organisation preventing high cadences and repetitive work 
and also psychosocial risks. This suggests an insufficient application of some of the general 
principles  of  prevention  foreseen  in  the  Framework  Directive  89/391  and  its  five  first 
individual Directives. 

5.2. 

Costs and benefits in the enterprises 

Enterprises  know  that  accidents  cost  money.  When  people  are  injured,  plant  and  machinery 
damaged or product wasted, organisations lose money. Good occupational health and safety is 
economically beneficial. Models have been developed to help in quantifying the precise costs 
and benefits for enterprises. However, these models turn out to be highly complex and do not 
allow for immediate practical application. As a result, only in a limited number of cases the 
enterprises were able to carry out an economic analysis on occupational safety and health.  

Member States have indicated in their national reports that due to the lack of indicators they 
consider that it is not possible to make a full assessment, although a reduction in accidents at 
work and worker absenteeism brings about a clear reduction in business costs, which should 
be accompanied by an increase in productivity. 

Empirical  studies  have  shown  that  economic  indicators  still  need  to  be  developed  to  give 
more in depth evidence for the efficiency of occupational safety and health to the enterprises. 
It has also become clear that the benefits are to be found in the so called ”soft“ factors:  

– 

In Germany the employers were asked about their requirements for a modern system 
of occupational health and safety: 26% expected a reduction of the costs for workers 
on sick leave and an equally high number was hoping for a guarantee for the smooth-
running  of  the  operational  processes  without  any  interference,  25%  expected  an 
increase  of  the  motivation  on  the  part  of  the  workers  and  13%  expected  an 
improvement  of  the  production  processes  and  the  services  provided  in  the 
enterprises. The remaining 10% had several other expectations. 

40 
41 

France and the United Kingdom 
Finland and the Netherlands 

31 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

A survey conducted in the Netherlands in the year 1996 leads to the conclusion that 
36%  of  the  enterprises  interviewed  are  of  the  opinion  that  investments  for  the 
improvement  of  the  working  conditions  have  lead  to  a  (significant)  increase  of  the 
productivity. In certain industrial sectors, such as the food industry or the processing 
industry, this figure amounts to even more than 40%. At the same time, 32% of the 
interviewees stated that the improvement of the working conditions of their workers 
have (considerably) contributed to a boost of revenue. 

The  United  Kingdom  reported  that  only  15%  of  the  employers  said  that  the  legal 
provisions have had an impact on the cost / benefit indicators. Most of the employers 
stated  that  there  have  been  positive  repercussions  especially  concerning  the 
motivation of the workers. The subjective assessment of the employers leads to the 
conclusion that the benefits are higher than the costs in relation to the provisions of 
Directive  90/269  on  the  manual  handling  of  loads,  Directive  90/270  on  work  with 
display  screen  equipment,  Directive  89/655  on  the  use  of  work  equipment  and 
Directive  89/656  on  the  use  of  personal  protective  equipment.  Concerning  the 
provisions  of  the  workplaces  Directive  89/654  and  the  organisational  provisions 
contained in the Framework Directive 89/391, the costs and benefits are considered 
to be almost equally high. 

Large scale losses such as those arising from major fires or explosions, or involving loss of 
life, are very visible and some have been costed on an individual basis. Less well understood, 
however,  is  the  nature  and  extent  of  loss  from  accidents  of  a  more  routine  nature:  those 
accidents  which  injure  but  do  not  kill  people,  which  damage  plant  and  interrupt  processes. 
The  cost  of  these  sorts  of  accident  can  often  be  hidden  in  sick  pay,  increased  insurance 
premiums  or  maintenance  budgets.  Few  enterprises  have  the  mechanisms  to  identify  them 
separately and fewer still actually identify and examine the costs of accidents systematically. 

Case studies undertaken in the United Kingdom show that the ratio between insurance costs 
and hidden costs is in the order of 1 to 11(iceberg effect). 

Insurance Costs 

Uninsured Costs 

Accident iceberg 
the hidden cost of accidents 

Many employers mistakenly believe that they are covered by insurance for most of the costs 
arising from accidents: in practice, uninsured costs far exceed insured costs. 

Additionally,  there  are  also  intangible  costs  due  for  example  to  loss  of  business  image, 
customer  satisfaction,  employee  morale,  or  goodwill.  These  intangibles  are  hard,  if  not 
impossible, to be quantified in financial terms. 

32 

 
 
  
 
 
 
For  these  reasons,  it  remains  often  too  difficult  for  the  employers  to  properly  assess  the 
benefits of accident reduction when comparing apparent accident costs with prevention costs. 

5.3. 

General economic effects 

The findings presented so far by scientists and researchers are too limited to make it possible 
to analyse in a comprehensive way the direct effects of regulations on occupational safety and 
health.  However,  the  costs  which  can  be  influenced  by  changes  in  occupational  safety  and 
health  can  be  analysed.  This  refers  to  the  costs  incurred  on  the  part  of  the  workers,  the 
employers or the general public, irrespective of whether they are financed with tax revenues 
or contributions.  

In the European Union the costs for accidents at work and work-related illnesses are estimated 
between 2.6 and 3.8% of the gross national product (GNP).  

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

In  Germany  the  workers  absent  from  work  owing  to  sickness  account  for  a 
macroeconomic loss of production of 64 billion Euro (1999). The number of work-
related 
to 
approximately one third of that, namely a figure of close to 22 billion Euro. 

illnesses,  occupational  diseases  and  accidents  at  work  amounts 

In  Portugal  in  the  year  1994  the  direct  costs  for  accidents  at  work  amounted  to 
approximately  274  million  Euro  and  an  additional  30  million  Euro  were  spent  on 
occupational  diseases.  This  does  not  include  the  costs  of  materials,  losses  of 
production  or  other  costs.  Moreover,  these  figures  only  refer  to  the  registered 
accidents at work. 

In the United Kingdom the costs for the workers in 1995/96 amounted to 5.6 billion 
pounds per year, representing approximately 1,2-1,4% of the UK GNP. Taking into 
consideration  costs  to  be  incurred  in  the  future,  this  figure  amounted  to 
approximately 7 billion pounds. The costs for the employers were estimated to add 
up  to  respectively  3.5  billion  and  7.3  billion  pounds.  The  macroeconomic 
expenditure (taking into consideration future expenses) amounted to between 2.1 % 
and 2.6 % of GNP. 

The  macroeconomic  costs  for  accidents  at  work,  occupational  diseases  and  work-
related illnesses are a very important topic on the political agenda in the Netherlands. 
It represents approximately 2.6% of the Dutch GNP per year. This amounts to 1,250 
Euro per capita of the population in gainful employment. 

In Spain the number of days workers were absent from work owing to accidents at 
work  increased  by  4.7%  every  year  between  1997  and  1999.  Approximately  20 
million  working  days  were  lost  due  to  accidents  at  work.  The  costs  for  these 
accidents at work and work-related diseases amounted to 2,051 million Euro. 

In  the  European  Union,  in  the  year  2000,  a  total  of  158  million  days'  work  were  lost, 
corresponding to an average of 20 days per accident. Around 350.000 workers were obliged 
to  change  their  job  as  a  consequence  of  an  accident.  Nearly  300.000  workers  have  various 
degrees of permanent disabilities and 15.000 are entirely excluded from the labour market42. 

42 

Source: Eurostat. 

33 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
On the other hand, it has been estimated that the overall reduction of occupational accidents 
since the entry into force of the EU legislation has produced savings in the order of 25 million 
working days, showing the economic benefits deriving from the, albeit not fully satisfactory, 
implementation. 

5.4 

Effects on employment and competitiveness 

The implementation of the minimum requirements contained in the EU Directives across the 
European Union establish a level playing field and prevent competition on low standards of 
working conditions. There are significant differences between the Member States concerning 
the adjustments and investments that were needed for occupational safety and health due to 
very diverging national levels of occupational safety and health before the implementation of 
the Directives. 

The  positive  effects  of  investments  into  occupational  safety  and  health  tend  to  become 
tangible after a certain period, which calls for a cost-benefit analysis taking into account the 
short and long term dimensions. Therefore it is very difficult at the present moment to make 
any conclusive statements about the influence of the concerned occupational safety and health 
legislation  on  the  competitiveness  of  the  enterprises.  For  instance,  in  the  Scandinavian 
countries, the effects on the enterprises were very limited, given the prior standards already in 
place. In contrast, many enterprises in the Southern Europe, especially SMEs, needed to make 
more investments. As measures for the improvement of occupational safety and health in the 
beginning  create  more  costs  than  benefits,  the  trade-off  between  short  term  costs  and  long 
term benefits are more outspoken.  

Member  States  in  their  national  reports,  nevertheless  signal  that  health  and  safety  at  work 
measures  contribute 
improved  working  conditions,  boosting  productivity, 
competitiveness and employment.  

towards 

As far as the effects that the new provisions might have on the employment situation, specific 
reference should be made of the fact that they have opened up new employment possibilities 
for specialists in the field of occupational safety and health and for the provision of external 
preventive services. Indeed, in most of the Member States a new, rapidly growing market has 
been created to provide services in the area of information, consultation and training. 

For  instance,  if  we  consider  the  investments  in  the  Netherlands  as  an  example,  the  total 
turnover for preventive services amount to 11.7 billion Euro. Even if half of this turnover is 
due to medical care, already provided before the entry into force of the new legislation, the 
net effect of the provision of preventive services will still amount to approximately 6 billion 
Euro.]  These  figures  indicate  that  there  is  a  considerable  potential  for  the  employment  of 
specialists in the field of occupational safety and training. 

With  regards  to  the  effect  of  the  individual  directives,  there  is  a  divergence  of  opinions 
between the Member States regarding the effects of Directive 89/654 on competitiveness and 
employment. Whereas some Member States consider that the implementation of the Directive 
has  meant  an  increase  in  productivity  and  in  parallel  with  it,  competitiveness  and 
employment,  other  Member  States43  believe  the  measures  necessary  to  eliminate  or  reduce 

43 

Austria and Belgium. 

34 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
risks  detected  in  the  workplace,  albeit  to  a  limited  extent,  had  adverse  consequences  for 
employment and competitiveness44. 

As far as Directive 89/655 is concerned, Member States have indicated that, regarding effects 
on  productivity  and  employment,  the  results  have  been  quite  favourable,  given  that 
modernisation  of  equipment  to  adapt  it  to  the  new  regulations,  together  with  overhauling 
existing equipment, accompanied by rationalisation of the production process, had favourable 
effects by way of increases in productivity.  

As far as Directive 89/656 is concerned, Member States did not provide any conclusive data 
on the direct effectiveness of this Directive. It is difficult to differentiate between the impact 
of the Directive and the overall trend of improving health and safety at work resulting from 
the new EU legislation in general and other developments. It is however possible to assume 
that  increased  use  of  personal  protective  equipment  (PPE)  must  have  had  positive 
consequences  indirectly  for  employment  in  the  PPE  manufacturing  industry  and  in  the 
notified bodies, due to the obligations imposed by the Directive as regards manufacturing. 

Regarding Directive 90/269 some Member States45 which have conducted appropriate studies 
consider  that  the  costs  and  benefits  of  the  measures  adopted  in  this  respect,  result  in  a 
negative outcome overall. This assertion must be analysed with caution, since other Member 
States46  believe  that  automation  of  equipment  has  been  accompanied  by  a  clear  increase  in 
productivity. Regarding employment, it is inferred that this automation has meant the loss of a 
number of jobs, although it has improved the quality of others. 

The  national  reports  show  that  some  Member  States  consider  that  there  is  no  evidence  that 
Directive 90/270 has  had  an  impact  on employment.  On  the other  hand, they  also indicated 
that a boost of productivity can be expected due to a better ergonomic layout of workstations. 

As  an  overall  conclusion,  Member  States  in  their  national  reports  generally  indicate  that 
health and safety at work measures contribute towards improved working conditions, boosting 
productivity,  employment  and  competitiveness.  Despite  this,  certain  Member  States47  have 
made the point that they believe that the high level of protection at work and environmental 
protection  create  a  situation  which  is  not  very  competitive  relative  to  Eastern  European 
countries  unless  the  fully  transposition  of  the  acquis  and  the  effective  application  is  also 
ensured there. 

6. 

OVERALL APPRECIATION OF IMPLEMENTATION 

6.1.  Main positive effects of implementation reported by directive 

Member  States  expressed  in  their  national  reports  that  the  main  positive  aspect  of  the  EU 
legislation was the general increase in awareness of employers and workers with regard to the 
obligation to adopt necessary and appropriate measures to comply with health  and safety at 
work  regulations.  The  improvement  in  working  practices  and  the  change  in  attitudes  of 
employers reflect the effectiveness of the new regulations. The introduction of the obligation 

44 
45 
46 
47 

They do not provide any data on this. 
The Netherlands in particular. 
France in particular. 
Austria 

35 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
to  establish  a  risk  assessment,  as  well  as  the  increase  in  responsibilities  on  the  part  of 
employers has been deemed highly positive in all Member States. 

Employers,  initially  reluctant  due  to  upfront  business  costs  at  the  time  of  implementing  the 
new measures, have seen themselves compensated by the cost reduction as a result of the drop 
in accidents at work and in absenteeism as well as by increased productivity. 

This downward trend in the number of accidents at work and the aforementioned increase in 
awareness  of  employers  is  considered  by  the  Member  States  to  be  a  great  achievement  of 
Directive 89/391/EEC. 

As  regards  the  five  first  individual  Directives,  Member  States  indicated  the  following 
achievements: 

Directive 89/654 (Workplaces): 

– 

– 

– 

regulation  of  various  situations  which  would  not  have  been  given  the  required 
attention, had they not been dealt with by the European Directive, such as, windows, 
translucent partitions, doors or gates opening upwards, emergency routes and exits, 
etc.; 

consolidation  and  simplification  of  existing  national  regulations,  which  has 
contributed towards modernisation of premises and an overall improvement in levels 
of safety and comfort; 

reinforcing regulations on the obligations of  employers relating to workplaces  used 
for  the  first  time,  and  workplaces  already  in  use.  Some  Member  States  have 
introduced  the  obligation  to  notify  changes,  extensions  or  conversion  of  buildings 
that house or might house workplaces. 

Directive 89/655 (Work equipment): 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

national  legislation  on  the  use  of  modernised  work  equipment,  consistent  with 
current trends concerning integration of health and safety;  

minimum safety level for work equipment defined;  

national  regulations  unified  and  harmonised,  which  has  contributed  towards 
simplification;  

scope extended to a greater number of items of work equipment; 

standards generally clearer and more specific;  

employer awareness raised with regard to the safety level of work equipment;  

substantial  effects  with  regard  to  requirements  on  work  equipment  in  use, 
contributing towards its adaptation, official approval and modernisation; 

more active prevention of risks associated with the use of work equipment; 

increase  in  analysis  of  factors  to  be  taken  into  account  when  acquiring  new 
equipment. 

36 

 
 
  
 
Directive 89/656 (Personal protective equipment): 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

national legislation has been unified and co-ordinated; 

simplification, which contributes towards practical implementation; 

regulation extended to new sectors;  

new work equipment incorporated; 

obligation  on  the  employer  to  assess  risks  before  selecting  individual  protection 
equipment  together  with  a  widespread  increase  in  awareness  as  regards  the 
conditions to be met by this equipment; 

greater detail in the regulations, which entail, for instance, knowing the exact type of 
activities in which certain individual protection equipment are mandatory48. 

Directive 90/269 (Manual handling of loads): 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

new impetus for monitoring and improving working conditions; 

support for existing regulations on manual handling of loads in some Member States; 

regulations which are clear and have been generally applied without problems; 

increase  in  the  awareness  level  of  employers,  who  understand  and  accept  the 
ergonomic focus of risk management adopted by the Directive; 

these obligations have been put into practice in all sections of industry; 

exporting  companies  have  gained  an  advantage  where  common  provisions  exist  in 
different countries for the assessment of manual handling49. 

Directive 90/270 (Display screen equipment): 

– 

– 

– 

– 

new  impetus  for  monitoring  and  improving  the  ergonomic  aspects  of  VDU 
workstations, thus enhancing the level of protection; 

introduction of rest periods and the workers' right to reinforced health surveillance, 
in particular to eyesight examinations; 

increase  in  the  level  of  awareness  of  employers  who  understand  and  accept  the 
ergonomic focus of risk management adopted by the Directive; 

these obligations have been put into practice in all sectors of the industry. 

In  summary,  the  positive  aspects,  as  seen  by  Member  States  and  social  partners,  of  the 
Framework  Directive  89/391  and  its  five  first  individual  directives  are  in  general  the 
following: 

48 
49 

Belgium on the mandatory nature of the use of reflective clothing. 
Denmark. 

37 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

Emphasis on a prevention philosophy. 

Enlarged field of application. 

Obligation for the employers to perform risk assessment and provide documentation. 

Introduction of organisational structures. 

Obligation for the employer to provide information and training of workers. 

Rights and obligations of the workers. 

Opportunity to consolidate, rationalise and simplify the national existing regulations 
on the different matters covered by the directives. 

The  directive  on  work  with  display  screen  equipment  was  new  in  its  kind  and 
predated national provisions in the field. 

6.2.  Main difficulties of implementation reported by directive 

Member States report as main difficulty of the Framework Directive 89/391 the problems for 
the practical implementation of the legislation in SMEs, which are ascribed to the existence of 
specific  administrative  obligations,  formalities  and  financial  burdens,  as  well  as  the  time 
required to develop appropriate measures, which gives rise to a certain negative reaction from 
SMEs in respect of the directives50. 

Additionally,  the  difficulty  in  understanding  certain  provisions  of  the  Framework  Directive 
89/391 and their five first individual directives51, can cause confusion and uncertainty. Other 
difficulties of the implementation of the Framework Directive 89/391 can be mentioned such 
as the effective priority to be given to the internal preventive services or to attain an efficient 
enforcement. 

As regards the five first individual directives, Member States report the following difficulties: 

Directive 89/654: 

– 

– 

– 

excessively  detailed  in  some  aspects52,  which  has  been  detrimental  to  its  correct 
transposition into the relevant national legislation; 

the distinction made by the Directive between workplaces used for the first time and 
those already in use 53; 

the investment required to adopt the new provisions in SMEs. 

Directive 89/655: 

– 

excessive cost for SMEs that do not have the necessary financial resources available; 

50 

51 
52 
53 

This idea has been underlined mainly by Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United 
Kingdom.  
Germany points out that there is no co-ordination between the individual directives. 
It is precisely this aspect that some Member States consider to be a positive one, hence the divergence in opinion. 
Sweden. 

38 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

– 

the need to carry out long-term investment to adapt work equipment; 

the practical distinction between the Directive on safety in the use of work equipment 
and the Machinery Directive has not been made sufficiently clear54; 

the  definition  of  various  safety  levels  for  a  machine  already  in  use  and  for  a  new 
machine makes it difficult to adapt it to the requirements of the Directive55. 

Directive 89/656: 

– 

– 

– 

lack  of  assistance  for  SMEs,  which  have  difficulty  in  selecting  suitable  protection 
equipment by themselves;  

economic burden for small companies, who in many cases are unable to bear the cost 
of the new equipment;  

some  employers  indicate  that  there  is  still  a  lack  of  awareness  among  workers 
regarding the use of individual protection equipment. 

Directive 90/269:  

– 

– 

– 

– 

job losses could result from a high level of mechanisation and costs;  

the Directive is considered to be too detailed in some aspects56 (this is relative since 
it is a positive aspect in some Member States);  

the possibility that a series of workplaces may cease to be considered as suitable for 
women;  

the absence of standards other than those of load weight and distance, regarding rest 
periods and rest intervals. 

Directive 90/270: 

– 

– 

– 

certain  issues  are  difficult  to  resolve,  such  as  managing  natural  light,  seating 
ergonomics, the impossibility of neutralising certain electromagnetic fields57; 

lack  of  clarity  regarding  who  is  to  carry  out  the  eyesight  tests  (ophthalmologist  or 
optician)58;  

problems linked to teleworking and the monitoring working conditions. 

Additional difficulties include: 

– 

– 

54 
55 
56 
57 
58 

The absence of effective participation of the workers in the operational processes. 

The  absence  in  the  directives  of  detailed  binding  provisions  on  health  surveillance 
creating  national  divergences  on  the  health  surveillance  levels  in  the  different 

Finland. 
Belgium. 
Sweden’s opinion. 
France 
Problem raised in Austria 

39 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
Member  States  and  difficulties  for  the  recognition  of  medical  certificates  in 
transnational work activities. 

The  absence  of  criteria  for  the  evaluation  of  the  national  labour  inspectorates 
originating non uniform enforcement of the provisions of health and safety. 

The lack of coherence of certain provisions of the directives, originating the need to 
harmonise  certain  provisions  like  those  concerning  the  information,  consultation, 
participation and training of workers as well as the provisions related to the national 
implementation reports. 

The difficulty to make existing provisions effective in relation to SMEs. 

The  lack  of  a  harmonised  European  statistical  information  system  on  occupational 
accidents and diseases. 

– 

– 

– 

– 

6.3 

Suggestions for improvement 

It  is  widely  accepted  that  an  extensive  revision  of  the  legislative  corpus  cannot  take  place 
unless  full  implementation  is  achieved,  comparable  analytical  data  is  available,  to  allow  for 
proper  assessment  of  the  causes  and  circumstances  of  accidents  permitting  to  identify 
ineffective provisions in the Directives, and all instruments supporting the application of the 
provisions of the Directives, have been put in place. 

The  following  efforts  should  be  deployed  to  improve  the  level  of  implementation  of  the 
Framework Directive 89/391 and its five first individual directives: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

To increase the level of application of the Directives in SMEs. 

To  ensure  the  availability  of  complete  and  harmonised  statistics  on  occupational 
accidents. 

To provide access to information and support to both employers and workers so that 
they are aware of their rights and obligations and capable of exercising and following 
them.  

To  step  up  actions  and  to  allocate  the  necessary  ressources  to  guarantee  uniform, 
efficient and equivalent enforcement of the Health and Safety legislation across the 
EU. 

To identify the provisions of the Directives that have been outdated by technological 
development and need to be revisited. 

To  pay  particular  attention  to  the  specificities  of  temporary  workers  as  regards 
information, consultation, participation and training. 

In  particular,  the  Member  States  suggest  in  the  national  reports  for  the  five  first  individual 
directives the following elements to improve proper application of the legislation and to make 
further progress on health and safety protection at the workplace: 

40 

 
 
  
 
Directive 89/654: 

– 

– 

– 

the  need  for  a  co-ordinated  approach  to  the  problems  regarding  environmental 
conditions notably by exchange of relevant experience among Member States; 

the  establishment  of  guidelines  and  recommendations  (with  actual  data,  charts  and 
figures)  in  order  to  clarify  certain  aspects  (ventilation,  lighting,  temperature, 
dimensions of the workplace, etc.); 

the  appropriateness  to  study  the  requirements  for  teleworking,  since  it  is  a  form  of 
work which is becoming increasingly common. 

Directive 89/655: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

clarification of the various safety levels for a machine in use and for a new machine. 
These differences can cause problems. It is therefore requested that the same criteria 
be applied as far as possible; 

the  necessary  related  measures  should  be  taken  to  implement  the  Directive,  these 
measures being understood to be financial assistance, loans etc., to enable SMEs to 
carry out the investment necessary to adapt their work equipment; 

avoiding analysis of general issues (general obligations on employers, informing and 
training  workers,  etc.)  in  individual  directives  which  have  already  been  covered  in 
the Framework Directive;  

publication of guidelines on the practical part of the provisions. 

Directive 89/656: 

– 

– 

– 

– 

the  Commission  should  publish  specific  guidelines  and  codes  of  good  practice, 
which would include selection criteria for personal protective equipment; 

annexes to the Directive should be completed to facilitate selection by companies of 
personal protective equipment; 

articles  already  set  out  in  the  Framework  Directive  (e.g.  Article  5)  should  be 
removed in order to simplify regulations and facilitate implementation; 

implementation reports should be synchronised and simplified. 

Directive 90/269:  

– 

– 

– 

several  Member  States  are  of  the  opinion  that  limit  values  should  be  set,  since  the 
margin for interpretation allowed as regards manual handling of loads is excessive; 

the Commission should provide details of assessment models and guidelines for the 
various  Member  States  on  handling  loads  manually,  including  the  factors  to  be 
considered (of importance in international transport for co-ordination purposes); 

consideration should be given to the application of ergonomic principles of materials 
handling  in  the  broadest  sense,  as  part  of  the  ergonomic  development  of  tasks  and 
organisation of work. 

41 

 
 
  
 
Directive 90/270: 

– 

– 

– 

it would be advisable to specify the provisions on changes of activity or rest periods, 
as well as the persons to whom they should apply; 

the  problems  caused  by  electromagnetic  radiation  from  terminals,  lasers  and 
magnetic fields should be examined59; 

various Member States consider a review of the Directive to be appropriate, in order 
to adapt it to technological development. 

7. 

CONCLUSIONS 

This report presented the state of play of the implementation and the practical application of 
the  provisions  of  the  Framework  Directive  89/391  and  of  the  individual  Directives  89/654, 
89/655, 89/656, 90/269 and 90/270.  

It  provided  evidence  that  the  EU  legislation  has  had  clearly  a  positive  influence  on  the 
national standards for occupational safety and health. This does not only refer to the sphere of 
legislation,  but  also  to  the  practical  application  in  the  enterprises  and  the  institutions  of  the 
public  sector.  In  general,  the  EU  legislation  has  contributed  to  instilling  a  culture  of 
prevention.  

At  the  same  time,  however,  the  report  pinpointed  miscellaneous  flaws  in  the  application, 
holding  back  the  achievement  of  the  full  potential  of  this  legislation.  In  several  Member 
States  attitudinal  changes  concerning  the  behaviour  and  the  awareness  of  the  persons 
concerned still have to take place before the concept of occupational safety and health will be 
fully implanted.  

Despite the accomplishments observed, the urgent need for a reinforced commitment emerges 
from  the  analysis  in  order  to  have  a  total  and  thorough  application  of  the  provisions 
throughout the European economy. 

On  the  key  characteristics  of  the  legislation  described  in  this  report,  various  imperfections 
have been detected. 

– 

– 

– 

Publicising  and  flanking  of  the  new  legislation  is  generally  considered  to  be  well 
advanced,  although  several  Member  States  underline  themselves  already  a  need  to 
step up information and advice activities to extend the application of the legislation. 

The  need  for  specific  and  comprehensible  information  and  guidance  as  well  as  for 
easy access to specific and adequate technical assistance is particularly relevant for 
all types of enterprises, in particular SMEs. 

A major innovation in the legislation consisted of the introduction of systematic risk 
assessments. The report underlines that the tasks of risk assessment, documentation 
and  supervision  are  not  universally  spread.  At  the  same  time,  there  are  concerns 
about the incomplete and superficial nature of the execution of the above mentioned 
tasks.  

59 

Proposal by Finland 

42 

 
 
  
 
                                                 
– 

– 

– 

Despite  the  possibility  created  to  work  with  internal  and  external  protective  and 
preventive systems, the evidence shows that there is not yet a general and adequate 
access  of  all  enterprises  across  the  European  Union  to  protective  and  preventive 
services.  Furthermore,  given  the  fact  that  the  aptitudes  and  competencies  are  not 
defined by EU legislation, but have been left up to the Member States, such services, 
in particular the external ones, lead to a great variety of quality provided. 

For a preventive strategy to be successful, constructive participation of all actors is 
required. This implies that without the commitment of workers, the risk prevention 
potential  remains  unfulfilled.  Despite 
information, 
consultation, participation, and training further support to extend the involvement of 
workers  is required. Specific attention is needed for workplaces with workers from 
different enterprises. 

the  strong  emphasis  on 

Increasingly complex work processes and changes in working conditions create new 
risks,  coexisting  with  the  traditional  ones,  or  changing  types  of  hazard  that  call  for 
occupational health and safety to form part of the overall management of enterprises. 
This report points to a deficit in the organisational structures for the improvement of 
health and safety in many enterprises.  

It  appears  that  the  necessary  adjustments  for  the  practical  implementation  of  the  new 
provisions  and  the  time  period  which  is  required  to  bring  about  a  change  in  the  patterns  of 
behaviour take longer than expected. However, very often there is also a lack of willingness 
to commit oneself to the improvement of occupational safety and health. 

In  particular,  the  largely  insufficient  situation  in  SMEs  deserves  immediate  attention. 
Particularly  as  evidence  shows  the  gravity  of  this  situation  in  the  much  greater  rate  of 
accidents in comparison with big companies and by the large number of employers who are 
not well informed. Specific  problems  were also highlighted for the public  sector,  where  the 
improvement  of  the  conditions  for  occupational  safety  and  health  is  not  considered  to  be  a 
task  that  needs  to  be  worked  on  continuously.  There  are  also  problems  in  industrial  sectors 
with a high number of temporary workers or other so called 'atypical' employment contracts.  

An intensification of efforts to ensure correct application throughout the economy is therefore 
necessary.  A  range  of  approaches  and  instruments  are  available  to  accomplish  this  task  and 
hence  bring  further  down  work-related  accidents  and  diseases  through  the  full  and  correct 
application of the legislation. The report shows that there is already a good basis to build on.  

To pursue a horizontal approach and to consider occupational safety and health to be a cross-
sectional  task  is  crucial  in  this  regard.  This  should  be  done  more  intensively  in  connection 
with the qualification of specific target groups from the labour market, in relation to projects 
for the improvement of the employability of persons or the promotion of entrepreneurs. This 
will  strengthen  awareness,  provide  up-to  date  information  and  should  enhance  the  active 
participation of enterprises and workers.  

In several Member States there is a strong demand for the qualification of personnel in order 
to  establish  the  necessary  organisational  structures.  This  relates  to  the  qualification  of  the 
specialists needed as well as to the education and further training of workers. Very often the 
workers and their representatives do not have the competencies and necessary skills in order 
to deal with occupational safety and health effectively and to represent the workers interests 
in  this  field  vis-à-vis  the  employers.  The  experiences  in  the  textile  industry  in  Germany 
provides an inspiring example to remedy this situation.  

43 

 
 
  
 
To  overcome  the  current  barriers  in  the  application,  it  is  also  essential  to  integrate 
occupational  safety  and  health  much  more  into  the  policies  of  the  European  Union.  In  this 
context  the  European  employment  strategy  as  well  as  the  structural  funds,  in  particular  the 
ESF, could play an important role, through encouraging and supporting new approaches. .The 
development  of  a  uniform,  stringent  monitoring  system  would  be  essential  to  observe  and 
compare the policies and the trends in relation to occupational safety and health The current 
data deficit may lead to a risk of too much generalisation and a lack of insight into the specific 
dimensions.  

The introduction of a “benchmarking” could be useful to overcome the observed and reported 
deficit of the activities of the enforcement authorities in some countries. However, it should 
be acknowledged from the outset that the enforcement authorities alone are not in a position 
to bring about equal conditions. Nevertheless, the labour inspectors have a crucial role to play 
as  agents  of  change  to  promote  better  compliance,  in  particular  in  SMEs,  first  through 
education,  persuasion  and  encouragement  and  through  increase  of  enforcement,  where 
necessary. Also the use of guidelines, as indicated in the national reports can play a role of 
stepping up compliance. 

In connection  with  the further  development of the  European policies on occupational safety 
and  health,  the  report  underlines  the  need  to  co-ordinate  the  individual  Directives  more 
effectively  in  order  to  avoid  overlaps  and  to  clarify  some  of  the  terms  used.  The  aim  is  to 
increase  the  consistency  and  the  stringency  of  the  provisions  more  than  to  change  the 
substance. An analysis and debate will be performed to identify the provisions that could be 
subject of such exercise. 

The  Commission  will  continue  its  works  towards  a  simplification  and  rationalisation  of  the 
Community  legal  framework  by  making  the  necessary  legislative  proposals  for,  on  the  one 
hand, the consolidation of existing directives to make them more comprehensible and, on the 
other,  for  the  simplification  of  the  provisions  of  the  various  Directives  related  to  the 
implementation reports in view to foresee a single report on their implementation. 

It  should  be  clear,  however,  that  also  in  the  future  a  certain  degree  of  flexibility  should  be 
maintained to give the social partners and the persons responsible for occupational safety and 
health the necessary leeway and scope for adapting the implementation and application to a 
specific  workplace.  At  the  same  time,  it  should  also  be  taken  into  consideration  that  self-
regulation  and  self-activation  are  not  equal  to  lean  legal  regulations  and  provisions.  The 
experience made in for instance the Netherlands shows that the agreements between the social 
partners and other organisations alone may not suffice to guarantee the compliance with the 
provisions. Therefore, it will remain necessary for the independent enforcement authorities to 
carry out controls on the objectives reached in such settings.  

All of this calls for a reinforced commitment of all actors and stakeholders to implement in 
full  the  measures  already  outlined  in  the  Communication  "Adapting  to  change  in  work  and 
society:  a  new  Community  strategy  on  health  and  safety  at  work  2002-2006".  Only  such  a 
commitment  and  urgent  action  will  bring  about  the  changes  that  will  improve  the 
implementation  and  application  levels  of  the  Health  and  Safety  Directives  and  make  the 
health and safety protection a tangible reality contributing in this way to the improvement of 
productivity  and  quality  of  work.  The  Commission  also  expects  that  this  review  of  the 
implementation will trigger a large and public debate on the ways to further create and respect 
a level playing field for businesses throughout an enlarged European Union and improve the 
well-being of all workers at the workplace.  

44 

 
 
  
 
ANNEX  

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council  Directive  89/391/EEC  of  12  June  1989  on  the  introduction  of  measures  to 
encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work 

Belgium:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Arrêté  royal  du  14/09/1992  portant  exécution  de  la  directive  du  Conseil  des 
Communautés européennes du 12/06/1989 concernant la mise en oeuvre de mesures 
visant  à  promouvoir  l'amélioration  de  la  sécurité  et  de  la  santé  des  travailleurs  au 
travail  -  Koninklijk  besluit  van  14/09/1992  tot  uitvoering  van  de  richtlijn  van  de 
Raad  van  de  Europese  Gemeenschappen  van  12/06/1989  betreffende  de 
tenuitvoerlegging  van  maatregelen  ter  bevordering  van  de  verbetering  van  de 
veiligheid en de gezondheit van de werknemers op het werk ref: MB du 30/09/1992, 
page 20822. 

Loi  du  10/06/1952  concernant  la  santé  et  la  sécurité  des  travailleurs,  ainsi  que  la 
salubrité  du  travail  et  des  lieux  de  travail  -  Wet  van  10/06/1952  betreffende  de 
gerondheid en de veiligheid van de arbeiders, alsmede de salubriteit van het werk en 
van de werkplaatsen ref: MB du 19/06/1952, page 4610. 

Loi  du  16/11/1972  concernant  l'inspection  du  travail  -  Wet  van  16/11/1972 
betreffende de arbeidsinspectie ref: MB du 08/12/1972, page 13647. 

Loi du 03/07/1978 relative aux contrats de travail - Wet van 03/07/1978 betreffende 
de arbeidsovereenkomsten ref: MB du 22/08/1978, page 9277. 

Loi  du  28/12/1977  garantissant  la  protection  des  médecins  du  travail  -  Wet  van 
28/12/1977 tot bescherming van de arbeidsgeneesheren ref: MB du 18/01/1978, page 
447. 

Arrêté  royal  du  10/08/1978  déterminant  la  formation  complémentaire  imposée  aux 
chefs des services de sécurité, d'hygiène et d'embellissement des lieux de travail et à 
leurs adjoints - Koninklijk besluit van 10/08/1978 tot vaststelling van de aanvultende 
vorming  opgelegd  aan  de  diensthoofden  voor  veiligheid,  gezondheit  en  verfraaiing 
van de werkplaatsen en aan hun adjuncten ref: MB du 03/10/1978, page 11353. 

Koninklijk  besluit  van  10/01/1979  relatif  aux  organes  de  sécurité,  d'hygiène  et 
d'embellissement  des  lieux  de  travail  concernant  les  mines,  minières  et  minières 
souterraines  -  Koninklijk  besluit  van  10/01/1979  betreffende  de  organen  voor 
veiligheid en verfraaiing der werkplaatsen in de mijnen, graverijen en ondergrandse 
groeven ref: MB du 08/03/1979. 

Arrêté  royal  du  11/03/1987  relatif  à  la  sécurité  et  aux  conditions  de  travail  du 
personnel occupé dans les exploitations de terrils de cuivre - Koninklijk besluit van 
11/03/1987  betreffende  de  veiligheid  en  de  arbeidsvoorwaarden  van  het  personeel 
tewerkgesteld  in  de  ontginningen  van  steenbergen  van  mijnen  ref:  MB  du 
25/03/1987, page 4435. 

45 

 
 
  
 
9. 

10. 

11. 

Arrêté  royal  du  21/04/1989  relatif  à  la  sécurité  et  aux  conditions  de  travail  du 
personnel  occupé  dans  les  exploitations  à  ciel  ouvert  des  minières  et  des  carrières, 
ainsi que dans leurs dépendances - Koninkijk besluit van 21/04/1989 betreffende de 
veiligheid  en  de  arbeidsvoorwaarden  van  het  personeel  tewerkgesteld  in  de 
ontginningen in open lucht van de graverijen en de groeven en in hun aanhougheden 
ref: MB du 10/05/1989, page 7913. 

Arrêté royal du 12/08/1994, MB du 02/08/1994. 

Loi  du  04/08/1996  relative  au  bien-être  des  travailleurs  lors  de  l'exécution  de  leur 
travail  -  Wet  van  04/08/1996  betreffende  het  welzijn  van  de  werknemers  bij  de 
uitvoering van hun werk ref: MB du 18/09/1996, page 21507. 

Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 235 af 10/04/1991, Lovtidende A 1991 haefte 52 s. 909. 

Søfartsstyrelsens tekniske forskrift nr. 7 af 15/12/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om arbejdets udførelse 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  1181  af  18/12/1992  om  virsomhedernes 
sikkerheds- og sundhedsarbejde. Arbejdsministeriet j.nr. 1992-2113-21. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 746 af 28/08/1992 om brug af personlige vaernemidler. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 889 af 28/12/1987 om bedriftssundhedstjeneste. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 693 af 14/10/1991 om byggepladsers og lignende arbejdssteders 
indretning 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  540  af  02/09/1982  om  stoffer  og  materialer. 
Arbejdsmin. 3.kt. j.nr. 1981-3240-3. 

Arbejdstilsynets 
bekendtgørelse 
tekniskehjaelpemidler. Arbejdstilsynet, j.nr. 1992-20-5. 

15/12/1992 

af 

om 

anvendelse 

af 

Bekendtgørelse  af  16/12/1992  om  arbejdsmedicinske  undersøgelse  efter  lov  om 
arbejdsmiljø 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om faste arbejdssteders indretning. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 469 af 06/10/1983 om sikkerhedsuddannelse m.v. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø, jf. lovbekendtgørelse nr. 184 af 22/03/1995, som aendret ved 
lov nr.458 af 12/06/1996 og lov nr. 1196 af 27/12/1996 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 646 af 18/12/1985 med senere aendringer. 

Bestemmelser  om  sikkerhed  og  sundhed  for  besaetningsmedlemmer  under  tjeneste 
på luftfartøj af 16/06/94. 

16. 

Tekniske forskrift nr. 8 af 10/10/1994. 

46 

 
 
  
 
17 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

Lov nr. 379 af 10/06/1997 om aendring af lov om arbejdsmiljø. Arbejdsmin.,j.nr. 97-
2100-121. 

Arbejdsministeriets bekendtgørelse nr. 183 af 15/05/1975 om forbud mod anvendelse 
af visse cadmiumholdige loddemidler. Arbejdsmin. 3 kt. j. nr. 13-35-69. 

Arbejdstilsynets bekendtgørelse nr. 661 af 28/11/1983 om vandopløseligt chromat i 
cement. Arbejdstilsynets journal nr. 82-344-106. 

Arbejdstilsynets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  199  af  26/03/1985  om  epoxyharpikser  og 
isocyanater m.v.. Arbejdstilsynet, j.nr. 82-365-71. 

Arbejdsministeriets bekendtgørelse nr. 562 af 16/12/1985 om arbejde med metallisk 
bly og dettes ionforbindelse. Arbejdsmin. 3. kt. j.nr. 1985-3240-62. 

Arbejdsministeriets 
Arbejdsmin.,j.nr. 1986-3240-60. 

bekendtgørelse 

nr.600 

af 

24/09/1986 

om 

asbest. 

Arbejdstilsynets bekentgørelse nr. 993 af 1/12/1986 om registrering m.m. af asbest. 
Arbejdstilsynets j.nr. 86-362-357. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  139  af  23/03/1987  om  aendring  af 
bekendtgørelse om asbest. Arbejdsmin. 3.kt. j.nr. 86-3240-60. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  984  af  11/12/1992  om  aendring  af 
bekendtgørelse om asbest. Arbejdsmin. 3.kt. j.nr. 2141-9. 

Arbejdstilsynets bekendtgørelse nr. 52 af 13/01/1988 om materialer med indhold af 
flygtige  stoffer  herunder  organiske  opløsningsmidler.  Arbejdstilsynets  j.  nr.  87-
361/K71-4. 

Arbejdstilsynets bekendtgørelse nr. 344 af 9/06/1988 om arbejde med momtering og 
nedrivning 
syntetiske  mineralfibre. 
Arbejdstilsynets j. nr. 88-361/k55-16. 

isoleringsmaterialer 

indeholdende 

af 

Arbejdstilsynets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  302  af  13/05/1993  om  arbejde  med 
kodenummerede produkter. Arbejdstilsynets j.nr. 1993-30-20. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  1017  af  15/12/1993  om  indretning  af 
arbejdsmiljø. 
byggepladser 
Arbejdsmin.3.kt.j.nr. 93-2122-2. 

arbejdssteder 

lignende 

efter 

lov 

om 

og 

Arbejdstilsynets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  561  af  24/06/1994  om  indretning  af  tekniske 
hjaelpemidler. Arbejdstilsynets j.nr. 1994-29-46. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  867  af  13/10/1994  om  arbejdets  udførelse. 
Arbejdsmin.,j.nr. 92-5232-1. 

Arbejdstilsynets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  1062  af  15/12/1994  om  arbejde  med 
asfaltmaterialer. Arbejdsmin./Arbejdstilsynets j.nr. 1992-843-52. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  485  af  16/06/1995  om  aendring  af 
bekendtgørelse om stoffer og materialer. Arbejdsmin.,j.nr. 1992-2141-2. 

47 

 
 
  
 
34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

Arbejstilsynets bekendtgørelse om foranstaltninger til forebyggelse af kraeftrisikoen 
ved arbejde med stoffer og materialer. Arbejdsmin./Arbejdstilsynet, j.nr. 1996-30-63. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  739  af  22/09/1997  om  virksomhedernes 
sikkerheds-  og  sundhedsarbejde.  Arbejdsmin.,  3  kt.,  j.nr.  97-2210-26.  Base  i 
statsbasen: ABEK. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  nr.  1017  af  17/12/1997  om  aendring  af 
bekendtgørelse  om  arbejdets  udførelse.  Arbejdsmin.,  j.nr.  97-2100-136.  Base  i 
statsbasen: ABEK. 

Bekendtgørelse  om  ændring  af  bekendtgørelse  om  virksomhedernes  sikkerheds-  og 
sundhedsarbeide; nr 383 af 22 juni 1998. 

Bekendtgørelse  om  sikkerhedsgruppens  qrbejdsæiljøuddannelse  ref:  Statistente, 
14/06/1999, nr 457. 

Lov nr. 331 om aendring af lov om arbejdsmiljø og lov om visse havanlaeg (§§ 17 a-
c i) ref: nr 331 af 16/05/2001. 

Teknisk forskrift om arbejdsmiljo i skibe ref: Meddelelser fra Søfartsstyrelsen A du 
01/07/2002 

Germany:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Verordnung  über  bergbauliche  Unterlagen,  Einwirkungsbereiche  und  die  Bergbau-
Versuchsstrecke  vom  11/11/1982,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  30/11/1982  Seite 
1553. 

Gesetz  zur  Umsetzung  der  EG-Rahmenrichtlinie  Arbeitsschutz  und  weiterer 
Arbeitsschutz-Richtlinien vom 07/08/1996, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 20/08/1996 
Seite 1246. 

Seemannsgesetz  vom  26/07/1957,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  II  vom  07/08/1957  Seite 
713. 

Gesetz  zur  Einordnung  des  Rechts  der  gesetzlichen  Unfallversicherung  in  das 
Sozialgesetzbuch 
vom 
(Unfallversicherungs-Einordnungsgesetz 
07/08/1996, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 20/08/1996 Seite 1254. 

-UVEG) 

Reichsversicherungsordnung (April 1992). 

Bundesberggesetz (BBergG) (Februar 1992). 

Unfallverhütungsvorschriften für Unternehmen der Seefahrt (UVV See) (November 
1989). 

zur 

Gesetz 
gewerbsmäßigen  Arbeitnehmerüberlassung 
(Arbeitnehmerüberlassungsgesetz - AÜG) vom 07/08/1972, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I 
Seite 1393, zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 20//07/1995 (BGBl I S.946). 

Regelung 

der 

Arbeitsförderungsgesetz vom 25/06/1969, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I Seite 582, zuletzt 
geändert durch des Gesetzes vom 15/12/1995 (BGBl. S. 1824). 

48 

 
 
  
 
10. 

Drittes Gesetz zur Änderung der Gewerbeordnung und sonstiger gewerberechtlicher 
Vorschriften vom 24/08/2002 ref: BGBl. n° 62 du 30/08/2002 p. 3412. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

Loi n° 1568 du 11/10/1985 ref: FEK A n°177 du 18/10/1985 Page 3335. 

Loi n° 1836 du 14/03/1989 ref: FEK A n° 79 du 14/03/1989 Page 1071. 

Loi n° 1767/88 du 04/04/1988 ref: FEK A n° 63 du 06/04/1988 Page 709. 

Décret présidentiel n° 368/89 ref: FEK A n° 163 du 16/06/1989 Page 3917. 

Décret présidentiel n° 369/89 ref: FEK A n° 164 du 16/06/1989 Page 3981. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  436  du  16/10/1991  ref:  FEK  A  n°  159  du  24/10/1991  Page 
2125. 

Loi n° 2224 du 05/07/1994 ref: FEK A n° 12 du 06/07/1994 Page 1469. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  294  du  17/06/1988  ref:  FEK  A  n°  138  du  21/06/1988  Page 
2781. 

Décret présidentiel n° 70a du 11/02/1988 ref: FEK A n° 31 du 17/02/1988 Page 263. 

Décret présidentiel n° 94 du 10/04/1987 ref: FEK A n° 54 du 22/04/1987 Page 503. 

Décret présidentiel n° 85 du 05/03/1991 ref: FEK A n° 38 du 18/03/1991 Page 619. 

Loi n° 1837 du 03/1989 ref: FEK A n° 85 du 23/03/1989 Page 1105. 

Décision  ministérielle  n°  130627  du  07/03/1990  ref:  FEK  A  n°  27  du  08/03/1990 
Page 187. 

Décret présidentiel n° 61 du 02/07/1975 ref: FEK A n° 132 du 07/07/1975 Page 763. 

Décision  ministérielle  n°  A2/st/1539/85  ref:  FEK  B  n°  280  du  13/05/1985  Page 
2769. 

Décret présidentiel n° 149 du 14/03/1934 ref: FEK A n° 112 du 22/03/1934. 

Décret présidentiel n° 17/96 du 18/01/1996 ref: FEK A n° 11 du 18/01/1996 Page 93. 

Décret présidentiel n° 259/88 ref: FEK A n° 117 du 03/06/1988 Page 2313. 

Décret présidentiel n° 12/93 ref: FEK A Page 33. 

Décret présidentiel n° 1348 du 10/12/1981 ref: FEK A n° 117 du 03/06/1988. 

Décret présidentiel n° 376 du 1995 ref: FEK A n° 206 du 05/10/1995 Page 6167. 

Décret présidentiel n° 259/81 du 1981 ref: FEK A n° 72 du 26/03/1981 Page 705. 

Décret présidentiel n° 363/84 du 1984 ref: FEK A n° Z82 du 1984 Page 23. 

49 

 
 
  
 
24. 

25. 

26. 

Spain: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Décret présidentiel n° 379/96 du 1996 ref: FEK A n° 250 du 04/11/1996 Page 4611. 

Décret présidentiel n° 236/96 du 26/07/1996 ref: FEK A du 31/07/1996 Page 3062. 

Décret présidentiel n° 1349/81 du 26/11/1981 ref: FEK A Page 4516. 

Ley n° 31/95 de 08/11/1995, de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales ref: BOE n° 269 de 
10/11/1995 Página 32590 (Marginal 24292). 

Instrucción de 26/02/1996, de la Secretaría de Estado para la Administración Pública, 
para  la  aplicación  de  la  Ley  31/95,  de  8  de  noviembre,  de  Prevención  de  Riesgos 
Laborales  en  la  Administración  del  Estado  ref:  BOE  n°  59  de  08/03/1996  Página 
9421 (Marginal 5486). 

Orden de 16/12/1987, por la que se establecen nuevos modelos para la notificación 
de  accidentes  de  trabajo  y  se  dan  instrucciones  para  su  cumplimentación  y 
tramitación ref: BOE n° 311 de 29/12/1987 Página 38065. 

Real  Decreto  n°  39/97  de  17/01/1997,  por  el  que  se  aprueba  el  Reglamento  de  los 
Servicios  de  Prevención  ref:  BOE  n°  27  de  31/01/1997  Página  3031  (Marginal 
1853). 

Ley  8/80  de  10/03/1980,  sobre  el  Estatuto  de  los  Trabajadores  ref:  BOE  n°  64  de 
14/03/1980. 

Real Decreto n° 396/1996 de 01/03/1996, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento sobre 
procedimiento para la imposición de sanciones por infracciones en el orden social. 

Ley n° 14/94 de 01/07/1994, que regula las empresas de trabajo temporal. 

Real  Decreto  n°  780/98  de  20/04/1998,  por  el  que  se  modifica  el  Real  Decreto 
39/1987,  de  17  de  enero,  por  el  que  se  aprueba  el  Reglamento  de  los  servicios  de 
prevención ref: BOE n° 104 de 01/05/1998 Página 14698 (Marginal 10209). 

France:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Loi  n°  91-1414  du  31/12/1991  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  et  le  code  de  la  santé 
publique  en  vue  de  favoriser  la  prévention  des  risques  professionnels  et  portant 
transposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail 
ref: JO du 07/01/1992, page 319. 

Décret n° 92-158 du 20/02/1992 complétant le code du travail (2ème partie: décrets 
en  Conseil  d'Etat)  et  fixant  les  prescriptions  particulières  d'hygiène  et  de  sécurité 
applicables aux travaux effectués dans un établissement par une entreprise extérieure 
ref: JO du 22/02/1992, page 2779 

Décret n° 92-333 du 31/03/1992 modifiant le code du travail (2ème partie: décrets en 
Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé applicables 
aux  lieux  de  travail  que  doivent  observer  les  chefs  d'établissements  utilisateurs  ref: 
JO du 01/04/1992, page 4614. 

50 

 
 
  
 
4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Loi  n°  97-1051  du  18/11/1997  d'orientation  sur  la  pêche  maritime  et  les  cultures 
marines ref: JO du 19/11/1997, page 16723. 

Decret n° 98-588 ref: JORF du 11/07/1998. 

Ordonnance  n°  2001-175  du  22/02/2001  relative  à  la  transposition  de  la  directive 
89/391/CEE  du  Conseil  du  12/06/1989  concernant  la  mise  en  oeuvre  des  mesures 
visant à promouvoir l'amélioration de la sécurité et de la santé des travailleurs réf: JO 
n° 258 du 07/11/2001 p. 17523. 

Loi  de  modernisation  sociale  du  17/01/2002  ;  article  193  réf:  JO  du  18/01/2002  p. 
1008. 

Décret  n°  2001/1016  du  5/11/2001  portant  création  d'un  document  relatif  à 
l'évaluation des risques pour la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs, prévue par l'article 
L.230-2  du  code  du  travail  et  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  réf:  JO  n°  258  du 
07/11/2001 p. 17523 ref: JO du 24/02/2001, page 3022. 

Décret  n°  82-453  du  28/05/1982  relatif  à  l'hygiène  et  à  la  sécurité  du  travail,  ainsi 
qu'à la prévention médicale dans la fonction publique, modifié par le décret 84-1029 
du  23/11/1984,  par  le  décret  95-680  du  9/05/1995  et  par  le  décret  2001-232  du 
12/03/2001 ref: Pas de mention (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Arrêté  du  3  mai  2002  relatif  à  la  formation  préalable  à  la  prise  de  fonction  et  à  la 
formation continue des agents chargés de la mise en ouvre des règles d'hygiène et de 
sécurité dans la fonction publique territoriale ref: 03/05/2002 (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Décret 85-603 du 10/06/1985 relatif à l'hygiène et à la sécurité du travail ainsi qu'à la 
médecine  professionnelle  et  préventive  dans  la  fonction  publique  territoriale  ref: 
JORF du 18/06/1985 (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Décret  2000-542  du  16/06/2000  modifiant  le  décret  85-603  du  10/06/1985  relatif  à 
l'hygiène  et  à  la  sécurité  du  travail  ainsi  qu'à  la  médecine  professionnelle  et 
préventive dans la fonction publique territoriale ref: JORF n° 141 du 20/06/2000 p. 
9249 (NOR : FPPA0010011D) (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Arrêté du 15/03/2001 portant détermination des missions de sécurité des personnes et 
des biens incompatibles avec l'exercice du droit de retrait dans la fonction publique 
territoriale  ref:  JORF  n°  71  du  24/03/2001  p.  4643  (NOR  :  FPPA0110020A) 
(SG(2002)A/10391). 

Arrêté du 26/12/1995 relatif à la création d'une structure fonctionnelle en matière de 
sécurité  et  de  santé  au  travail  dans  les  mines  ref:  JORF  du  13/01/1996  (NOR 
INDB9501272A) (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Arrêté du 10/04/1972 relatif aux séances d'information professionnelle des délégués 
mineurs ref: 10/04/1972 (SG(2002)A/10391). 

Ireland:  

1. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

51 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Italy:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 1989. 

The Fire Services Act 1981 ref: S.I. n° 30 of 1981. 

The Dangerous Substances (Retail and Private Petroleum Stores) Regulations, 1979 
ref: S.I. n° 311 of 1979. 

The Dangerous Substances (Oil Jetties) Regulations, 1979 ref: S.I. n° 312 of 1979. 

The  Dangerous  Substances  (Petroleum  Bulk  Stores)  Regulations,  1979  ref:  S.I.  n° 
313 of 1979. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n.  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive  89/391/CEE, 
89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE,  90/394/CEE  e 
90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori 
sul luogo di lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n. 141 alla GURI - Serie generale - 
del 12/11/1994 n. 265. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/03/1996  n.  242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n.  626,  recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie 
riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di 
lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n .75 alla GURI - Serie generale - del 06/05/1996 
n. 104 pag. 3. 

Decreto  Legislativo  n°  195  del  23/6/2003  -Modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19/9/1994,  n.  626,  per  l'individuazione  delle  capacità  e  dei  requisiti 
professionali  richiesti  agli  addetti  ed  ai  responsabili  dei  servizi  di  prevenzione  e 
protezione  dei  lavoratori,  a  norma  dell'articolo  21  della  legge  1/3/2002,  n.  39.  ref: 
GURI Serie generale n° 174 del 29/7/2003 p. 4 (SG(2003)A/08174 du 28/08/2003). 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Loi du 17/06/1994 concernant les services de santé au travail ref: Mémorial grand-
ducal A n° 55 du 01/07/1994, page 1054. 

Loi du 08/06/1994 1) portant application aux personnes morales du secteur public de 
la  directive  cadre  89/391/CEE  du  Conseil  du  12/06/1989  concernant  la  mise  en 
oeuvre de mesures visant à promouvoir l'amélioration de la sécurité et de la santé des 
travailleurs au travail; 2) modifiant et complétant la loi du 19/03/1988 concernant la 
sécurité dans les administrations et services de l'Etat ref: Mémorial grand-ducal A n° 
55 du 01/07/1994, page 1050. 

Loi  du  17/06/1994  concernant  la  sécurité  et  la  santé  des  travailleurs  au  travail  ref: 
Mémorial Grand-Ducal A n° 55 du 01/07/1994, page 1060. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  06/10/1995  portant  1.  adaptation  à  l'ensemble  de  la 
fonction  publique  de  l'Etat  et  des  communes  du  règlement  grand-ducal  du 
13/06/1979  concernant  les  directives  en  matière  de  sécurité  dans  les  écoles;  2. 
continuation  de  la  transposition  dans  le  droit  luxembourgeois  pour  le  compte  du 
secteur  public  des  directives  communautaires  afférentes  à  la  sécurité  au  travail  ref: 
Mémorial grand-ducal A n° 87 du 20/10/1995, page 2008. 

52 

 
 
  
 
5. 

Loi du 06/03/1998 modifiant la loi du 17/06/1994 concernant la sécurité et la santé 
des travailleurs au travail ref: Mémorial A, page 260. 

Netherlands:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

Arbeidsomstandighedenwet, Staatsblad nr 757. 

Besluit arbodiensten van 28/12/1993, Staatsblad nr 782. 

Besluit bedrijfshulpverlening arbeidsomstandighedenwet van 28/12/1993, Staatsblad 
nr 783. 

Ministeriële regeling certificatie arbodiensten van 28/12/1993,  Staatscourant nr  252 
van 30/12/1993 blz. 38. 

Ministeriële 
Staatscourant nr 252 van 30/12/1993 blz. 38. 

deskundigheidseisen 

regeling 

arbodiensten 

van 

28/12/1993, 

Besluit arbeidsomstandighedenwet, Staatsblad nr 782. 

Aanpassingsbesluit van 08/07/1994, Staatsblad nr 562 van 1994. 

Besluit van 17/08/1995, Staatsblad nr 434 van 21/09/1995 blz. 1. 

Beschikking van de Minister van Justitie van 21/02/1996, houdende plaatsing in het 
Staatsblad  van  de  tekst  van  de  Arbeidsomstandighedenwet,  zoals  deze  laatstelijk  is 
gewijzigd bij de wet van 21/12/1995, Stb. 691, Staatsblad nr 133 van 1996. 

Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nr 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  met  de  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nr 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
gebied 
(Beleidsregels 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

Wet  van  13  december  2000  tot  wijziging  van  de  Arbeidsomstandighedenwet  1998 
(Technische  verbeteringen  en  aanpassingen)  ref:  Staatsblad  nr  595  van  2000 
(28/12/2000). 

Austria:  

1. 

2. 

Landarbeitsordnung, ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 9020-15. 

über  Sicherheit 

Bundesgesetz 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz-ASchG) 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 

und  Gesundheitsschutz 
dem 
und  mit 

das  Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-gesetz, 

der  Arbeit 
bei 
das  Allgemeine 
das 

53 

 
 
  
 
das 

Berggesetz 

Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
Bauern-
das 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
vom  17/06/1994,  in  der  Fassung  der  Bundesgesetze  BGBl.  I  Nr.  47/1997  und  der 
Kundmachung BGBl. Nr. 457/1995. 

1975, 
Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

das 

das 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

Verordnung des Bundesministers für Arbeit und Soziales über die Aufsichtsbezirke 
und  den  Wirkungsbereich  der  Arbeitsinspektorate,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die 
Republik Österreich, Nr. 237/1993. 

Bundesgesetz  über  die  Arbeitsinspektion  (Arbeitsinspektionsgesetz  1993  -  ArbIG), 
ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr.  27/1993,  i.d.F  BGBl.  Nr. 
754/1996. 

die 

vom 

betreffend 

14/12/1973 

Bundesgesetz 
Arbeitsverfassung 
(Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz  -  ArbVG),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 22/1974 i.d.F BGBl. Nr. 360/1975, BGBl. Nr. 387/1976, BGBl. Nr. 
519/1978,  BGBl.  Nr.  47/1979  (VfGH),  BGBl.  Nr.  354/1981,  BGBl.  Nr.  48/1982, 
BGBl. Nr. 199/1982, BGBl. Nr. 55/1985, BGBl. Nr. 204/1986, BGBl. Nr. 394/1986, 
BGBl.  Nr.  563/1986,  BGBl.  Nr.  321/1987,  BGBl.  617/1987,  BGBl.  Nr.  196/1988, 
BGBl. Nr. 282/1990, BGBl. 408/1990, BGBl. Nr. 411/1990, BGBl. 475/1990, BGBl. 
473/1992,  BGBl.  Nr.  833/1992,  BGBl.  460/1993,  BGBl.  Nr.  502/1993,  BGBl.  Nr. 
450/1994, BGBl. Nr.624/1994, BGBl. Nr. 417/1996, BGBl. Nr. 601/1996, BGBl. Nr. 
754/1996. 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 2015-1. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers 
für  Arbeit  und  Soziales  über  die 
Sicherheitsvertrauenspersonen  (SVP-VO),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 172/1996 , vom 12/04/1996. 

Verordnung  über  die  Fachausbildung  der  Sicherheitsfachkräfte  (SFK-VO),  ref: 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 277/1995, vom 21/04/1995. 

Bundesgesetz vom 23/03/1977 über den Schutz des Lebens und der Gesundheit der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Bundes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Bundesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz  -  BSG),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr. 
164/1977,vom 21/04/1977. 

Änderung  des  NÖ  Landesbediensteten-Schutzgesetzes  vom  21/02/1991,  ref: 
Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 49/1991, vom 24/04/1991. 

Gesetz vom 17/12/1986 über den Schutz des Lebens und der Gesundheit der in den 
Dienststellen 
(Burgenländisches 
Landesbedienstetenschutzgesetz),  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  das  Burgenland,  Nr. 
21/1987, vom 18/03/1987. 

beschäftigten  Bediensteten 

des  Landes 

Gesetz  vom  24/11/1980  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in 
Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigten 
Bediensteten 
für 
Kärnten, Stück 3 Nr. 5/1981. 

(Kärntner  Bedienstetenschutzgesetz), 

ref:  Landesgesetzblatt 

54 

 
 
  
 
13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

Gesetz  vom  01/07/1981  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in 
ref: 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten 
Landesgesetzblatt für Oberösterreich, Nr. 54/1981, vom 31/08/1981. 

(O.ö.  LbSG.), 

Gesetz  vom  09/03/1984  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in 
Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigten 
Bediensteten 
für  Oberösterreich,  Nr. 
ref:  Landesgesetzblatt 
36/1984,vom 15/06/1984. 

(O.ö.GbSG.), 

Gesetz  vom  11/06/1991  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der 
Bediensteten 
ref: 
Landesgesetzblatt der Steiermark, Nr. 78/1991, vom 13/09/1991. 

(Landesbediensteten-Schutzgesetz  LSG), 

des  Landes 

Gesetz  vom  03/07/1991  über  den  Schutz  der  Bediensteten  in  Dienststellen  des 
Landes, der Gemeinden und Gemeindeverbände (Tiroler Bedienstetenschutzgesetz), 
ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Tirol, Nr. 71/1991,vom 13/09/1991. 

Verordnung  der  Bundesregierung  über  die  Zuordnung  von  Dienststellen  und 
Dienststellenteilen 
ref: 
(Gefahrenklassen-Verordnung), 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 637/1995 vom 20/09/1995. 

zu  Gefahrenklassen 

Bundesgesetz,  mit  dem  das  Bundesbediensteten-Schutzgesetz  geändert  wird,  ref: 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 631/1994,vom 19/08/1994. 

Verordnung  über  Einrichtungen  in  den  Betrieben  für  die  Durchführung  des 
Arbeitnehmerschutzes,  ref:  BGBl  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr.  2/1984  ,  zuletzt 
geändert durch BGBl. Nr.450/1994. 

Verordnung  über  gesundheitliche  Eignung  von  Arbeitnehmern  für  bestimmte 
Tätigkeiten, ref.: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 39/1974 , i.d.F. 
BGBl. Nr.358/1988 

Verordnung  über  den  Nachweis  der  Fachkenntnisse  für  bestimmte  Arbeiten,  ref: 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 441/1975. 

Verordnung über die Betriebsbewilligung nach dem Arbeitnehmerschutzgesetz,  ref: 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 116/1976. 

Verordnung  über  den  Nachweis  der  Fachkenntnisse  für  die  Vorbereitung  und 
Organisation  von  bestimmten  Arbeiten  unter  elektrischer  Spannung  über  1  kV,  ref: 
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 10/1982. 

Allgemeine  Arbeitnehmerschutzverordnung  -  AAV,  ref:  BGBl  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 218/1983, zuletzt geändert durch BGBl. Nr.450/1994. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministeriums  für  soziale  Verwaltung  vom  10/11/1951  über 
allgemeine  Vorschriften  zum  Schutze  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der 
Dienstnehmer  (Allgemeine  Dienstnehmerschutzverordnung),  ref:  BGBl  für  die 
Republik Österreich, Nr. 265/1951, zuletzt geändert durch BGBl. Nr. 450/1994. 

26. 

Maschinen-Schutzvorrichtungsverordnung,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 43/1961. 

55 

 
 
  
 
27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

Verordnung  über  Beschäftigungsverbote  und  -beschränkungen  für  weibliche 
Arbeitnehmer, ref: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 696/1976. 

Heimarbeitsgesetz  1960  in  der  Fassung,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 836/1992. 

Wiener Bedienstetenschutzgesetz vom 26/06/1979, ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Wien, 
Nr. 90/1979. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  Arbeit  und  Soziales  über  arbeitsmedizinische 
Zentren  (AMZ-VO),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr. 
441/1996,vom 21/08/1996. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  Arbeit  und  Soziales  über  die  Sicherheits-  und 
Gesundheitsschutzdokumente  (DOK-VO),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 478/1996, vom 10/09/1996. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  Arbeit  und  Soziales,  mit  der  die  Verordnung 
über  die  Sicherheits-  und  Gesundheitsschutzdokumente  (DOK-VO)  geändert  wird, 
ref: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 53/1997, vom 20/02/1997. 

Bundesgesetz,  mit  dem  das  ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
(ASschG),  das 
Arbeitsvertragsrechts- Anpassungsgesetz und das Mutterschutzgesetz 1979 geändert 
werden,  ref;  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr.  9/1997,  vom 
10/01/1997. 

Verordnung des Bundesministers für Arbeit und Soziales über die Geschäftsordnung 
des Arbeitnehmerschutzbeirates, ref: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, 
Nr. 30/1995, vom 10/01/1995. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  wirtschaftliche  Angelegenheiten  und  des 
Bundesministers  für  Arbeit  und  Soziales  über  die  Sicherheit  von  Aufzügen 
(Aufzüge-Sicherheitsverordnung  1996  -ASV  1996),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die 
Republik Österreich, Nr. 780/1996, vom 30/12/1996. 

Verordnung des Bundesministers für Arbeit und Soziales, mit der Vorschriften zum 
Schutz  der  Sicherheit  und  der  Gesundheit  von  ArbeitnehmerInnen  vor  Gefahren 
durch 
die 
Bauarbeiterschutzverordnung  geändert  wird  (Elektroschutzverordnung  1995  -  ESV 
1995),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr.  706/1995  vom 
25/10/1995. 

elektrischen  Strom 

erlassen  werden 

und  mit 

den 

der 

für  wirtschafliche  Angelegenheiten  über 
Verordnung  des  Bundesministers 
verantwortliche  Personen,  Sicherheitsvertrauenspersonen,  Präventivdienste  und 
Schießbefugte  beim  Bergbau 
(Bergpolizeiverordnung  über  verantwortliche 
Personen-  BPV-Personen),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr. 
108/1997 vom 24/04/1997. 

Bundesgesetz  vom  13/05/1975  über  den  Bergbau  und  die  Änderung  der 
Gewerbeordnung  1973  (Berggesetz  1975),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich,  Nr.  259/1975  in  der  Fassung  der  Bundesgesetze  BGBl.  Nr.  124/1978, 
520/1982, 399/1988, 355/1990, 450/1994, 633/1994, 297/1995, 518/1995, 219/1996 
und der Kundmachung BGBl. Nr. 193/1993. 

56 

 
 
  
 
39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

(Arbeitsvertragsrechts-Anpassungsgesetz 

Bundesgesetz  ,  mit  dem  arbeitsvertragsrechtliche  Bestimmungen  an  das  EG-Recht 
das 
angepaßt 
Angestelltengesetz,  das  Gutsangestelltengesetz  und  das  Hausgehilfen-  und 
Hausangestelltengesetz  geändert  werden,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 459/1993 , i.d.F BGBl. Nr. 917/1993, 450/1994, 895/1995, 754/1996, 
9/1997. 

-  AVRAG) 

und 

Bundesgesetz über die Beschäftigung von Kindern und Jugendlichen 1987 - KJBG, 
ref: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich, Nr. 599/1987 (WV) i.d.F BGBl. 
175/1992, BGBl. Nr. 257/1993, BGBl.Nr.410/1996. 

Mutterschutzgesetz  1979  -  MSchG,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich,  Nr.  221/1979  (WV),  BGBl.  Nr.  409/1980,  BGBl.  Nr.  577/1980  (DFG), 
BGBl.  Nr.  213/1984,  BGBl.  Nr.  563/1986,  BGBl.  Nr.  617/1987,  BGBl.  Nr. 
651/1989,  BGBl.  Nr.  76/1990  DFB),  BGBl.  Nr.  408/1990,  BGBl.  Nr.  450/1990, 
BGBl.  277/1991,  BGBl.  Nr.  628/1991,  BGBl.  Nr.  315/1992,  BGBl.  Nr.  833/1992, 
BGBl. Nr. 257/1993, BGBl. Nr. 434/1995, BGBl. I Nr. 9/1997. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  Handel  und  Verkehr  über  allgemeine 
Bergpolizeivorschriften für die Betriebe zur Aufsuchung und Gewinnung von Erdöl 
und Erdgas durch Bohrungen (Erdöl- Bergpolizeiverordnung), ref: Bundesgesetzblatt 
für  die  Republik  Österreich,  Nr.  278/1937  ,  in  der  Fassung  der  Verordnungen 
Verordnungs-  und  Amtsblatt  für  den  Reichsgau  Wien  Nr.  47  und  48/1994,  der 
Verordnung  BGBL. Nr.  125/1961,  der Kundmachung GBGl. Nr. 265/1961 und der 
Elektrotechnikverordnung für den Bergbau, BGBl. Nr. 12/1984. 

Verordnung des Bundesministers für Soziale Verwaltung vom 24. Juni 1974 über die 
des 
Geschäftsführung 
Betriebsrates,  des  Betriebsausschusses,  der  Betriebsräteversammlung,  des 
Zentralbetriebsrates, de. 

der  Betriebs(Gruppen-,  Betriebshaupt)versammlung, 

Gesetz, mit dem das Wiener Personalvertetungsgesetz (5. Novelle zum Wiener Per. 

Land-  und  forstwirschaftliche  Sicherheits-  und  Gesundheitsschutz-  Verordnung  ref: 
LGBI Nr. 96/2001 vom 13/11/2001, Seite 463. 

NÖ Landarbeitsordnung 1973 ref: LGBI. 

Verordnung der Bundesregierung, mit der. 

der 

Land- 

Verordnung  der  Wiener  Landesregierung,  mit  der  Anforderungen  an  Arbeitsstätten 
in 
(Wiener 
Arbeitsstättenverordnung  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  -  Wr.  AStV  Land-  und 
Forstwirtschaft) 
für  Wien  n°  27  vom  03/07/2003  p.  105 
(SG(2003)A/07224 du 31/07/2003). 

Forstwirtschaft 

ref:  LGBl. 

festgelegt 

werden 

und 

Portugal:  

1. 

Decreto-Lei n 441/91 de 14/11/1991. Estabelece o regime jurídico do enquadramento 
da segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho ref: Diário da República I Série A n. 262 
de 14/11/1991 Página 5826. 

57 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Declaração de rectificação n. 65/91. De ter sido rectificado o Decreto-Lei n. 72/91, 
do  Ministério  das  Finanças,  que  regula  a  autorização  de  introdução  no  mercado,  o 
fabrico,  a  comericialização  e  a  comparticipação  de  medicamentos  de  uso  humano 
publicado  no  Diário  da  República,  n.  33,  de  8  de  Fevereiro  de  1991  ref:  Diário  da 
República I Série A n. 99 de 30/04/1991 Página 2380-(2). 

Decreto-Lei  n  26/94  de  01/02/1994.  Estabelece  o  regime  de  organização  das 
actividades de segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho ref: Diário da República I Série 
A n. 26 de 01/02/1994 Página 480. 

Lei n 7/95 de 29/03/1995. Alteração, por ratificação do Decreto-Lei n 26/94, de 1 de 
Fevereiro ref: Diário da República I Série A n. 75 de 29/03/1995 Página 1710. 

Decreto-Lei n. 191/95 de 28/07/1995. Regulamenta o regime da segurança, higiene e 
saúde  no  trabalho  ref:  Diário  da  República  I  Série  A  n.  173  de  28/07/1995  Página 
4838. 

Decreto-Lei  n.  49408/69  de  24/11/1969.  Aproba  o  Regime  jurídico  do  contrato 
individual do trabalho ref: Diário da República I Série A de 24/11/1969. 

Decreto-lei n° 133-99 ref: Diaro da Republica n° 93 du 21/04/1999, 2090. 

Finland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

Työturvallisuuslaki (299/58) 28/06/1958, muutos (144/93) 29/01/1993. 

Laki  työsuojelun  valvonnasta  ja  muutoksenhausta  työsuojeluasioissa  (131/73) 
16/02/1973. 

Asetus työsuojelun valvonnasta (954/73) 21/02/1973. 

Työterveyshuoltolaki (743/78) 29/09/1978. 

Laki yhteistoiminnasta yrityksissä (725/78) 22/09/1978. 

Laki rikoslain muuttamisesta / Lag om ändring av strafflagen (578/95) 21/04/1995. 

Vahingonkorvauslaki (412/74) 31/05/1974. 

Kuntalaki (354/95) 17/03/1995. 

Valtion virkamieslaki (750/94) 19/08/1994. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös 
aiheuttavissa töissä (1672/92) 30/12/1992. 

terveystarkastuksista  erityistä 

sairastumisen  vaaraa 

Sisäasiainministeriön 
kemikaalionnettomuuksiin. 

määräys 

7/94, 

19/12/1994: 

Varautuminen 

Sisäasiainministeriön  määräys  18/91,  30/10/1991:  Yritysten 
suojelujärjestelyt. 

ja 

laitosten 

13. 

Yleissopimus yhteistoimintamenettelystä soveltamisohjeineen. 

58 

 
 
  
 
14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

Asetus  työturvallisuuslain  ja  työterveyshuoltolain  soveltamisesta  työturvallisuuslain 
2 §:ssä tarkoitettuun työhön (475/88) 27/05/1988. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös  alusten 
järjestysohjeista (915/85) 28/11/1985. 

lastauksessa 

ja  purkamisessa  noudatettavista 

Tapaturmavakuutuslaki / Lag om olycksfallsförsäkring (608/48) 20/08/1948. 

Ammattitautilaki / Yrkessjuksdomslag (1343/88) 29/12/1988. 

Ammattitautiasetus / Yrkessjukdomsförordning (1347/88) 29/12/1988. 

Työsopimuslaki / Lag om arbetsavtal (320/70) 30/04/1970. 

Vahingonkorvauslaki / Skadeståndslag (412/74) 31/05/1974. 

Rikoslaki / Strafflag (39/1889) 19/12/1889. 

Laki  työturvallisuuslain  22  §:n  muuttamisesta  /  Lag  om  ändring  av  22  §  lagen  om 
skydd i arbete (461/97) 23/05/1997. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös  velvollisuudesta  antaa  tietoja  työpaikan  terveysvaaroista  / 
Statsrådets  beslut  om  skyldighet  att  informera  om  hälsorisker  på  arbetsplatsen 
(210/87) 19/02/1987. 

Laki  palo-  ja  pelastustoimesta  /  Lag  om  brand-  och  räddningsväsendet  (559/75) 
04/07/1975. 

Asetus  palo-  ja  pelastustoimesta  /  Förordning  om  brand-  och  räddningsväsendet 
(1089/75) 31/12/1975. 

Väestönsuojelulaki / Lag om befolkningsskydd (438/58) 31/10/1958. 

Väestönsuojeluasetus / Författning om befolkningsskydd (237/59) 22/05/1959. 

Sisäasiainministeriön  määräys  yritysten  ja  laitosten  suojelujärjestelyistä  (18/1991) 
01/11/1991 (Dnro 3002/701/91), Sisäasiainministeriön määräyskokoelma. 

Sisäasiainministeriön määräys talosuojelun järjestelyistä (4/1995) 16/06/1995 (Dnro 
4/010/95), Sisäasiainministeriön määräyskokoelma. 

Laki työturvallisuuslain muuttamisesta / Lag om ändring av lagen om skydd i arbete 
(1132/97) 11/12/1997. 

Työturvallisuuslaki 
(SG(2002)A/10805 du 30/10/2002). 

ref: 

Työturvallisuuslaki 

n° 

738 

du 

23/08/2002 

Työturvallisuuslaki 
21/12/2001(SG(2002)A/10805 du 30/10/2002). 

ref: 

Työturvallisuuslaki 

n° 

1383 

du 

Sweden:  

1. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1977:1160. 

59 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  larm  och  utrymning,  ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1993:56. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling ref: (AFS) 1984:14. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling ref: (AFS) 1992:6. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling ref: (AFS) 1996:6. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  författningssamling  ref:  AFS  1999:7  av  1/12/1999  - 
SG(2000)A/06847. 

Systematiskt  arbetsmiljöarbete  :  Arbetsmiljöverkets  föreskrifter  om  systematiskt 
arbetsmiljöarbete, 15/02/2001 ref: AFS 2001:1 av 16/03/2001 (SG(2001)A/10150 du 
17/09/2001). 

Lag om andring i arbetsmiljölagen (1997:1160) ref: SFS 2002/585 av 19/06/2002. 

Arbetsmiljöverkets  föreskrifter  om  ändring  i  Arbetsmiljöverkets  föreskrifter  (AFS 
2001:1)  om  systematiskt  arbetsmiljöarbete.  ref:  AFS  2003:4  av  30/06/2003 
(SG(2003)A/6982 du 24/07/2003). 

United Kingdom:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The  Workplace  (Health,  Safety  and  Welfare) Regulations 1992  ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The  Provision  and  Use  of  Work  Equipement  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2932  of 
1992. 

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992, Statutory Instruments 
number 2966 of 1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

The  Safety  Representatives  and  Safety  Committees  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1979 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 437 of 1979. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

The  Health  and  Safety  at  Work  Order  (Northern  Ireland)  1978  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 1039 of 1978. 

The  Reporting  of  Injuries,  Diseases  and  Dangerous  Occurrences  Regulations 
(Northern Ireland) 1986 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 247 of 1986. 

10. 

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1993 ref: 
S.R. Northern Ireland n° 20 of 1993. 

60 

 
 
  
 
11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

The  Health  and  Safety  (First-Aid)  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1982  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 429 of 1982. 

The Fire Service (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 1821 of 
1984 

The Industrial Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
1043 of 1976. 

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. 

The Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 ref: S.I. n° 500 
of 1977. 

The Employment Protection (Consolidated) Act 1978. 

The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 ref: S.I. n° 917 of 1981. 

The  Reporting  of  Injuries,  Diseases  and  Dangerous  Occurrences  Regulations  1985 
ref: S.I. n° 2023 of 1985. 

The Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993 (Commencement) (No. 
3) and Transitional Provisions Order 1993 ref: S.I. n° 2503 of 1993. 

The  Managment  of  Health  and  Safety  at  Work  Regulations  1996  Legal  notice 
number 11 of 1996 ref: Gibraltar Gazette n° 2894 of 25/01/1996. 

The Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 ref: S.I. n° 
1513 of 1996. 

The Employment (Maternity and Health and Safety) Regulations 1996 Legal notice 
number 14 of 1996 ref: Gibraltar Gazette n° 2894 of 25/01/1996. 

The Factories (Safety) Regulations 1996, Legal Notice No. 10 of 1996 ref: Gibraltar 
Gazette n° 2,894 of 25/01/1996. 

The Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 ref: S.I. n° 1840 of 1997. 

Police (Health and Safety) Act, 1997 

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and 
health requirements for the workplace (first individual directive within the meaning of 
Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). 

Belgium:  

1. 

Arrêté royal du 18/06/1993 complétant les dispositions du Règlement général pour la 
protection  du  travail  relatives  aux  prescriptions  minimales  de  sécurité  et  de  santé 
pour  les  lieux  de  travail  -  Koninklijk  besluit  van  18/06/1993  tot  aanvulling  van  de 
bepalingen  van  het  Algemeen  Reglement  voor  de  arbeidsbescherming  betreffende 

61 

 
 
  
 
minimum  vorschriften  inzake  veiligheid  en  gezondheid  voor  arbeidsplaatsen  ref: 
Moniteur belge du 08/07/1993, page 16166. 

Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om faste arbejdssteder indretning. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om arbejdets udførelse. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om virksomhedernes sikkerheds- og sundhedsarbejde. 

Bekendtgørelse af 15/12/1992 om anvendelse af tekniskehjaelpemidler. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 694 af 07/08/1992 om indretning af tekniskehjaelpemidler. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 505 af 19/11/1980 om sikkerhedsskiltning. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 746 af 28/08/1992 om brug af personligevaeremidler. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 646 af 18/12/1985 med senere aendringer. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 357 af 03/06/1993. 

Bekendtgørelse  ag  byggelov,  Boligsministeriets  lovbekendtgørelgse  nr.  805  af 
09/10/1995, Boligmin., Dep. 1, j.nr. D1-6613-7, Bygge- og Boligstyrelsen 4 kt., j.nr. 
B4-6611-5. 

Germany:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1977. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1979. 

Arbeitsstättenverordnung vom 20/03/1975. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1981. 

Verordnung  zur  Ablösung  von  Verordnungen  nach  §  24  der  Gewerbeordnung  vom 
27/02/1980, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 01/03/1980 Seite 173. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/12/1978. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1989. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1987. 

Unfallverhütngsvorschrift vom 01/04/1988. 

10. 

Bekanntmachug  der  Neufassung  der  Gewerbeordnung  vom  01/01/1987, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 29/01/1987 Seite 425. 

62 

 
 
  
 
11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

Verordnung  zur  Novellierung  der  Gefahrstoffverordnung,  zur  Aufhebung  der 
Gefährlichkeitsmerkmaleverordnung und zur Änderung der Ersten Verordnung zum 
Sprengstoffgesetz  vom  26/10/1993,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  30/10/1993  Seite 
1782. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/08/1978. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/09/1988. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/05/1978. 

Druckluftverordnung  vom  04/10/1972,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  14/10/1972 
Seite 1909. 

Bekanntmachung  der  Neufassung  des  Schwerbehindertengesetz  vom  26/08/1986, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 02/09/1986 Seite 1421. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/10/1985. 

Verordnung  zur  Umsetzung  von  EG-Einzelrichtilinien  zur  EG-Rahmenrichtlinie 
Arbeitsschutz vom 04/12/1996, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 10/12/1996 Seite 1841. 

Verordnung  über  elektrische  Anlagen  in  explosionsgefährdeten  Bereichen  (ElexV), 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 19/12/1996 Seite 1932. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Spain:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Loi n° 1568 du 11/10/1985 ref: FEK A n° 177 du 18/10/1985 Page 3335. 

Décret présidentiel n° 149 du 14/03/1995 ref: FEK A n° 112 du 22/03/1995. 

Décret présidentiel n° 16 du 18/01/1996 ref: FEK A n° 10 du 18/01/1996 Page 77. 

Orden de 31/10/1973, del Ministerio de Industria y Energía por la que se modifica las 
Instrucciones complementarias del Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: 
BOEn° 313 de 31/12/1973 Página 4031. 

Orden  de  30/09/1980,  por  la  que  se  dispone  que  las  normas  une  que  se  citan  sean 
consideradas  como  de  obligado  cumplimiento,  incluyéndolas  en  la  Instrucción  MI 
BT 044 complementaria del Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE 
n° 250 de 17/10/1980 Página 23152. 

Orden  de  24/07/1992,  por  la  que  se  adapta  al  progreso  técnico  la  instrucción 
complementaria  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja  Tensión  MI  BT  026  ref: 
BOE n° 186 de 04/08/1992 Página 27124 (Marginal 18501). 

Orden de 19/12/1977, del Ministerio de Industria y Energía por la que se modifica la 
Instrucción  Complementaria  MI  BT  025  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja 
Tensión ref: BOE n° 11 de 13/01/1996 Página 81. 

63 

 
 
  
 
5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

Orden de 19/12/1977, del Ministerio de Industria y Energía por la que se modifican 
las  Instrucciones  Complementarias  MI.  BT.  004,  007  y  017  del  Reglamento 
Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 22 de 26/01/1978. 

Orden  de  28/07/1980,  del  Ministerio  de  Industria  y  Energía  que  modifica  la 
Instrucción  MI  BT  040  complementaria  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja 
Tensión sobre instaladores autorizados ref: BOE n° 194 de 13/08/1980 Página 2449. 

Decreto  n°  2413/73  de  20/09/1973,  por  el  que  se  aprueba  el  Reglamento 
Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 242 de 09/10/1973 Página 19482. 

Decreto  n°  3151/68  de  28/11/1968,  por  el  que  se  aprueba  el  Reglamento  de  líneas 
eléctricas aéreas de alta tensión ref: BOE n° 311 de 27/12/1968 Página 18767. 

Real Decreto n° 1942/93 de 05/11/1993, del Ministerio de la Industria y Energía por 
el que se aprueba el Reglamento de instalaciones de protección contra incendios ref: 
BOE n° 298 de 14/12/1993 Página 35159 (Marginal 29581). 

Real  Decreto  n°  279/91  de  01/03/1991,  del  Ministerio  de  Obras  Públicas  y 
la  Edificación  NBE-CPI/97: 
Urbanismo.  Construcción,  Norma  Básica  de 
Condiciones  de  protección  contra  incendios  en  los  edificios  ref:  BOE  n°  58  de 
08/03/1991 Página 1576. 

Orden  de  11/07/1983,  del  Ministerio  de  Industria  y  Energía  que  modifica  la 
Instrucción  Técnicas  Complementaria  MI  BT  008  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico 
para  Baja  Tensión  y  declaran  de  obligado  cumplimiento  diversas  normas  UNE  ref: 
BOE n° 174 de 22/07/1983 Página 2424 (Marginal 1583). 

Real  Decreto  n°  486/97  de  14/04/1997,  por  el  que  se  establecen  las  disposiciones 
mínimas de seguridad y salud en los lugares de trabajo ref: BOE n° 97 de 23/04/1997 
Página 12918 (Marginal 8669). 

Ley  n°  21/92  de  16/07/1992,  de  Industria  ref:  BOE  n°  176  de  23/07/1992  Página 
25498 (Marginal 17363). 

Real Decreto n° 2200/95 de 28/12/1995, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la 
Infraestructura  para  la  Calidad  y  la  Seguridad  Industrial  ref:  BOE  n°  32  de 
06/02/1996 Página 3929 (Marginal 2468). 

Real Decreto n° 2177/96 de 04/10/1996, por el que se aprueba la Norma Básica de la 
Edificación  «NBE-CPI/96:  Condiciones  de  protección  contra  incendios  de  los 
edificios» ref: BOE n° 261 de 29/10/1996 Página 32378 (Marginal 23836). 

Real  Decreto  n°  1618/80  de  04/07/1980,  por  el  que  se  aprueba  el  Reglamento  de 
Instalaciones  de  calefacción,  climatización  y  agua  caliente  sanitaria  con  el  fin  de 
racionalizar su consumo energético ref: BOE n° 188 de 06/08/1980 Página 17701. 

Real  Decreto  n°  2637/85  de  18/12/1985,  por  el  que  se  declaran  de  obligado 
cumplimiento  las  especificaciones  técnicas  de  los  componentes  de  alta  tensión, 
incorporados  en  equipos  que  incluyan  tubos  de  rayos  catódicos  y  de  los  circuitos 
impresos y su homologación por el Ministerio de Industria y Energía ref: BOE n° 20 
de 23/01/1986 Página 3241. 

64 

 
 
  
 
18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

Orden  de  31/10/1973,  por  la  que  se  aprueban  las  Instrucciones  complementarias 
denominadas  Instrucciones  MI  BT,  con  arreglo  a  lo  dispuesto  en  el  Reglamento 
Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 310 de 27/12/1973 Página 25065. 

Orden  de  06/04/1974,  por  la  que  se  dictan  normas  sobre  las  Instrucciones 
complementarias del Reglamento Electrotécnico de Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 90 de 
15/04/1974 Página 7658. 

Orden  de  19/12/1977,  por  la  que  se  modifica  la  Instrucción  complementaria 
MI.BT.025 del vigente Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 11 
de 13/01/1978 Página 845. 

Orden  de  19/12/1977, sobre modificación parcial y ampliación  de  las Instrucciones 
complementarias  MI.BT.004,  007  y  017,  anexas  al  vigente  Reglamento 
Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 22 de 26/01/1978 Página 1931. 

Orden  de  23/07/1979,  por  la  que  se  prorroga  parcialmente  el  plazo  concedido  a  la 
Orden  de  19  de  diciembre  de  1977,  que  modifica  la  Instrucción  Complementaria 
MI.BT.025 del vigente Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión en lo referente 
a establecimientos sanitarios ref: BOE n° 188 de 07/08/1979 Página 18529. 

Orden  de  30/07/1981,  por  la  que  se  modifica  el  apartado  7.1.2  de  la  Instrucción 
técnica complementaria MI BT 025 del vigente Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja 
Tensión, relativa a suministros complementarios en locales de pública concurrencia 
ref: BOE n° 193 de 13/08/1981 Página 18620. 

Orden de 05/06/1982, por la que se dispone la inclusión de las normas UNE que se 
relacionan  en  la  Instrucción  MI.BT.044  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja 
Tensión ref: BOE n° 140 de 12/06/1982 Página 15950. 

Real Decreto n° 2295/85 de 09/10/1985, por el que se adiciona un nuevo párrafo al 
artículo  2  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja  Tensión  aprobado  por  Decreto 
2413/73, de 20 de septiembre ref: BOE n° 297 de 12/12/1985 Página 39186. 

Orden de 13/01/1988, por la que se modifica la instrucción complementaria MI BT 
026 del Reglamento Electrotécnico para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 22 de 26/01/1988 
Página 2640. 

Orden  de  26/01/1990,  por  la  que  se  adaptan  al  progreso  técnico  la  Instrucción 
complementaria  MI  BT  026  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja  Tensión  ref: 
BOE n° 35 de 09/02/1990 Página 3985. 

Orden  de  18/07/1995,  por  la  que  se  adapta  al  progreso  técnico  la  Instrucción 
complementaria  MI  BT  026  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja  Tensión  ref: 
BOE n° 179 de 28/07/1995 Página 23082. 

Orden  de  22/11/1995,  por  la  que  se  adapta  al  progreso  técnico  la  Instrucción 
complementaria  MI  BT  044  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico  para  Baja  Tensión  ref: 
BOE n° 289 de 04/12/1995 Página 35071. 

Corrección  de  erratas  de  la  Orden  de  22/11/1995,  por  la  que  se  adapta  al  progreso 
técnico  la  Instrucción  complementaria  MI  BT  044  del  Reglamento  Electrotécnico 
para Baja Tensión ref: BOE n° 47 de 23/02/1996 Página 6946. 

65 

 
 
  
 
France:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Arrêté ministériel du 04/11/1993 modifiant l'arrêté du 19/11/1990 relatif aux solvants 
d'extraction  utilisés  dans  la  fabrication  des  denrées  alimentaires  ou  de  leurs 
ingrédients ref: Journal Officiel du 17/12/1993, page 17581. 

Décret  n°  92-332  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
que doivent observer les maîtres d'ouvrage lors de la construction de lieux de travail 
ou lors de leurs modifications, extensions ou transformations ref: Journal Officiel du 
01/04/1992, page 4610. 

Décret  n°  92-333  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
applicables  aux  lieux  de  travail  que  doivent  observer  les  chefs  d'établissements 
utilisateurs ref: Journal Officiel du 01/04/1992, page 4614. 

Loi  n°  91-1414  du  31/12/1991  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  et  le  code  de  la  santé 
publique  en  vue  de  favoriser  la  prévention  des  risques  professionnels  et  portant 
tranposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail 
ref: Journal Officiel du 07/01/1992, page 319. 

Décret n° 91-451 du 14/05/1991 relatif à la prévention des risques liés au travail sur 
des  équipements  comportant  des  écrans  de  visualisation  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du 
16/05/1991, page 6497. 

Décret n° 92-958 du 03/09/1992 relatif aux prescriptions minimales de sécurité et de 
santé  concernant  la  manutention  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques, 
notamment  dorso-lombaires,  pour  les  travailleurs  et  transposant  la  directive  (CEE) 
Numéro 90-269 du Conseil du 29/05/1990 ref: Journal Officiel du 09/09/1992, page 
12420. 

Arrêté ministériel du 29/01/1993 portant application de l'article R.231-68 du Code du 
travail relatif aux éléments de référence et aux autres facteurs de risque à prendre en 
compte pour l'évaluation préalable des risques et l'organisation des postes de travail 
lors  des  manutentions  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques,  notamment 
dorso-lombaires ref: Journal Officiel du 19/02/1993, page 2729. 

Décret n° 93-41 du 11/01/1993 relatif aux mesures d'organisation, aux conditions de 
mise en oeuvre et d'utilisation applicables aux équipements de travail et moyens de 
protection  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du  travail  et  modifiant  ce  code  ( 
deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 
691. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  04/06/1993  complétant  l'arrêté  du  05/03/1993  soumettant 
certains  équipements  de  travail  à  l'obligation  de  faire  des  vérifications  générales 
périodiques  prévues  à  l'article  R.233-11  du  code  du  travail  en  ce  qui  concerne  le 
contenu desdites vérifications ref: Journal Officiel du 15/06/1993, page 8504. 

10. 

les  conditions  de  vérification  des 
Arrêté  ministériel  du  09/06/1993  fixant 
équipements  de  travail  utilisés  pour  le  levage  de  charges,  l'élévation  de  postes  de 

66 

 
 
  
 
11. 

12. 

13. 

travail ou le transport en élévation de personnes ref: Journal Officiel du 30/06/1993, 
page 9277. 

Décret  n°  93-40  du  11/01/1993  relatif  aux  prescriptions  techniques  applicables  à 
l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du 
travail, aux règles techniques applicables aux matériels d'occasion soumis à l'article 
L-233-5  du  même  code  et  à  la  mise  en  conformité  des  équipements  existants  et 
modifiant le code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal 
Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 689. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  05/03/1993  soumettant  certains  équipements  de  travail  à 
l'obligation de faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à l'article 
R.233-11 du Code du travail ref: Journal Officiel du 17/03/1993, page 4149. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  19/03/1993  fixant  la  liste  des  équipements  de  protection 
individuelle qui doivent faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à 
l'article  R.233-42-2  du  code  du  travail  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du  28/03/1993,  page 
5354. 

Ireland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

The Building Regulations (Amendment) Regulations, 1994 ref: S.I. n° 154 of 1994. 

The Building Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 306 of 1991. 

The Building Control Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 305 of 1991. 

The Building Control Act, 1990, No. 3 of 1990. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, (Prescribed Premises) Regulations, 1989 ref: S.I. n° 319 
of 1989. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, No. 30 of 1981. 

The Organisation of Working Time Act, 1997, No. 20 of 1997. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (Miscellaneous  Welfare  Provisions) 
Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 358 of 1995. 

10. 

The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Signs) Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 132 of 
1995. 

Italy:  

1. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n.  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive  89/391/CEE, 
89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE,  90/394/CEE  e 
90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori 
sul luogo di lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n. 141 alla GURI - Serie generale - 
del 12/11/1994 n. 265. 

67 

 
 
  
 
2. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/03/1996  n.  242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n.  626,  recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie 
riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di 
lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n .75 alla GURI - Serie generale - del 06/05/1996 
n. 104 pag. 3. 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  04/11/1994  concernant  les  prescriptions  minimales  de 
sécurité  et de santé pour les  lieux de travail ref: Mémorial grand-ducal A n° 96 du 
17/11/1994, page 1816. 

Netherlands:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Besluit arbeidsplaatsen van 08/10/1993, Staatsblad nummer 534. 

ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nummer 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  metde  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nummer 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
gebied 
(Beleidsregels 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

Besluit  van  17/04/2002,  houdende  wijziging  van  het  Bouwbesluit  en  enige  andere 
algemene maatregelen van bestuur (correcties en aanvullingen van het Bouwbesluit 
en  aanpassing  van  andere  besluiten  aan  het  Bouwbesluit)  ref:  Staatsblad  n°  534  du 
17/04/2002. 

Austria:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Landarbeitsordnung , Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 9020-15. 

Gesetz  vom  15/12/1994  ,  mit  dem  das  Gesetz  über  den  Mutterschutz  und  den 
Karenzurlaub  geändert  und  das  EWR-Recht  angepasst  wird,  Landesgesetzblatt  für 
Kärnten, Nr. 21/1995. 

über 

Sicherheit 

und  Gesundheit 

der  Arbeit 
Bundesgesetz 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
-  ASchG)  und  mit  dem  das  Allgemeine 
Sozialversicherungs-Gesetz,  das  Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-Gesetz,  das 
Bauern-
Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
das 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden,  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
ausgegeben am 17/06/1994. 

1975, 
Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

Berggesetz 

das 

das 

das 

bei 

68 

 
 
  
 
4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

Allgemeine  Arbeitnehmerschutzverordnung,  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 218/1983. 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich Nr. 2015-1. 

Gesetz  ,  mit  dem  die  Vertragsbedienstetenordnung  1995  geändert  wird  (2.  Novelle 
zur  Vertragsbedienstetenordnung  1995),  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Wien,  Nr.  32/1996  , 
ausgegeben am 23/07/1996. 

Gesetz  ,  mit  dem  die  Dienstordnung  1994  geändert  wird  (2.  Novelle  zur 
Dienstordnung  1994),  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Wien,  Nr.  33/1996  ,  ausgegeben  am 
24/07/1996. 

Elektroschutzverordnung  1995-ESV  1995,  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 237/1995 Seite 8381. 

Betrieb  von  Starkstromanlagen  -  grundsätzliche  Bestimmungen,  Österreichische 
Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-E 5, Teil 1/1989, Nr. 47 Seite 696. 

Sonderbestimmungen für den Betrieb elektrischer Anlagen in explosionsgefährdeten 
Betriebstätten, Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-E 5, Teil 
9/1982 seite 721. 

Betrieb  elektrischer  Bahnanlagen,  Österreichische  Bestimmungen 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-T 5, Teil 5/1990 seite 1770. 

für  die 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und - 1500 V, 
Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 1/1989 seite 
913. 

Nachtrag  A  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  Errichtung  von  Starkstromanlagen  bis  ~ 
1000 V und 1500, Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, 
Teil 3 (41a)/1986 seite 1031. 

Nachtrag  A  und  Nachtrag  B  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  Errichtung  von 
Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und 1500 V, Österreichische 
Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 3(42a)/1985 seite 1052. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und 1500 V, 
Teil  4 
:  Anlagen  besonderer  Art,  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 4(43 nis 50) und (51)/1980 seite 1063. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und 1500 V, 
Teil  4  :  besondere  Anlagen,  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die  Elektrotechnik 
ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 4 seite 1078. 

Errichtung  von  elektrischer  Anlagen 
Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EX 65/1981 seite 1276. 

in  explosionsgefährdeten  Bereichen, 

Nachtrag  A  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  die  Errichtung  elektrischer  Anlagen  in 
die 
explosionsgefährdeten  Bereichen,  Österreichische  Bestimmungen 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EX 65a/1985 seite 1303. 

für 

69 

 
 
  
 
19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

Errichtung  von  Starkstromanlagen  mit  Nennspannung  über  1  kV,  Österreichische 
Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EH 1/1982 seite 823. 

Nachtrag  A  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  die  Errichtung  von  Starkstromanlagen  mit 
Nennspannungen  über  1kV,  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die  Elektrotechnik 
ÖVE-EH 1a/1987 seite 861. 

Gesetz  vom  11/12/1997,  mit  dem  das  Tiroler  Mutterschutzgesetz  1993  geändert 
wird,  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Tirol,  Nr.  29/1998  herausgegeben  und  versendet  am 
25/02/1998. 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Oö.  Landesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz 1998 - Oö. LBSG), Landesgesetzblatt für Oberösterreich, Nr. 13/1998 
ausgegeben und versendet am 27/02/1998. 

Gesetz vom 04/12/1996, mit dem das Landesbeamtengesetz 1985 geändert wird (11. 
Novelle zum Landesbeamtengesetz 1985) und Regelungen über eine Einmalzahlung 
für  den  öffentlichen  Dienst  in  den  Jahren  1996  und  1997  getroffen  werden, 
Landesgesetzblatt für das Burgenland, Nr. 11/1997. 

Änderung des Niederösterreichischen Mutterschutz-Landesgesetzes (6. Novelle) von 
25/01/1996, Nr. 2039-6, Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 40/1996. 

Verordnung  des  Wiener  Landesregierung,  mit  der  die  Verordnung  der  Wiener 
Landesregierung 
wird. 
Landesgesetzblatt für Wien 20/04/1999, nr 25, s. 99.. 

Fleischuntersuchungsgebühren 

geändert 

über 

Bundesgesetz über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz der in Dienststellen des Bundes 
beschäftigten  Bediensteten  und  mit  dem  das  Beamten-Dienstrechtgesetz  1979,  das 
Vertragsbedienstetengesetz  1948,  das  Richterdienst  gesetz,  das  Bundes-  Personal 
das  Arbeitnehmer 
vertretungsgesetz, 
Inenschutzgesetz geändert werden. BGB für die Republik österreich. 30/04/1999, s. 
54. 

das  Mutterschutzgesetz 

1979 

und 

NÖ-Mutterschutz-Landesgesetz,  13/03/2000  ref  :  LGBl.  Nr.  2039-7,  27/06/2000; 
SG(2000)A/10668. 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref  : 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

Gesetz  vom  12.  Juli  2001  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens,  der  Gesundheit  und  der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  der 
Sicherheit  der 
Gemeindeverbände 
(Burgenländisches 
Bedienstetenschutzgesetz 2001 - Bgld. BSchG 2001) ref : Landesgesetzblatt für das 
Burgenland  Nr.  37/2001,  01/10/2001,  23.  Stück,  seite  199  (SG(2001)A/11419  du 
17/10/2001). 

beschäftigten 

Bediensteten 

30. 

Land-  und  forstwirschaftliche  Sicherheits-  und  Gesundheitsschutz-  Verordnung  ref: 
LGBI Nr. 96/2001 vom 13/11/2001, Seite 463. 

70 

 
 
  
 
31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

Gesetz  vom  22/01/2002,  mit  dem  ein  Steiermärkisches  Mutterschutz-  und 
Karenzgesetz  St.  -  MSchKG  erlassen  wird  sowie  das  jeweils  als  Landesgesetz 
geltende  Karenzurlaubsgeldgesetz,  Vertragsbedienstetengesetz,  Gehaltsgesetz  und 
Pensionsgesetz  sowie  als  Landesgesetz  geltende  Dienstpragmatik  geändert  werden. 
ref: LGBl N° 52 du 31/05/2002 p. 203. 

Gesetz  vom  10/07/2002,  mit  dem  ein  Kärntner  Mutterschutz-  und  Eltern-
Karenzgesetz (K-MEKG 2002) erlassen wird ref: LGBl. n° 63 du 25/10/2002 p. 341 
(SG(2002)A/11340 du 20/11/2002). 

Gesetz  vom  20/11/2001  über  das  Arbeitsrecht  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  - 
Steiermärkische  Landarbeitsordnung  2001  ref:  LGBl.  n°  39  du  12/04/2002  p.95 
(SG(2003)A/1209 du 03/02/2003). 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigen  Bediensteten 
(Oö.Gemeindebediensteten-  Schutzgesetz  1999  -  Oö  GbSG)  ref:  LGBl  n°  15  vom 
15/02/2000 Seite 21. 

der 

Land- 

Verordnung  der  Wiener  Landesregierung,  mit  der  Anforderungen  an  Arbeitsstätten 
in 
(Wiener 
Arbeitsstättenverordnung  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  -  Wr.  AStV  Land-  und 
Forstwirtschaft) 
für  Wien  n°  27  vom  03/07/2003  p.  105 
(SG(2003)A/07224 du 31/07/2003). 

Forstwirtschaft 

ref:  LGBl. 

festgelegt 

werden 

und 

Portugal:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Decreto-Lei  n.  347/93  de  01/10/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva n. 89/654/CEE, do Conselho, de 30 de Novembro, relativa às prescrições 
mínimas  de  segurança  e  de  saúde  nos  locais  de  trabalho  ref:  Diário  da  República  I 
Série A n. 231 de 01/10/1993 Página 5552. 

Portaria n. 987/93 de 06/10/1993. Estabelece as prescrições mínimas de segurança e 
de  saúde  nos  locais  de  trabalho  ref:  Diário  da  República  I  Série  B  n.  234  de 
06/10/1993 Página 5596. 

Decreto-lei n 109/91, de 15 de Março, alterado pelo Decreto-lei n 282/93. 

Regulamento  Geral  de  Higiene  e  Segurança  do  Trabalho  nos  Estabelecimentos 
Industriais. 

Regulamento  Geral  de  Higiene  e  Segurança  do  Trabalho  nos  Estabelecimentos 
Comerciais, de Escritórios e Serviços. 

Decreto-Lei  n  26/94  de  01/02/1994.  Estabelece  o  regime  de  organização  e 
funcionamento das actividades de segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho ref: Diário 
da República I Série A n. 26 de 01/02/1994 Página 480. 

Decreto regulamentar n. 25/93 de 17/08/1993 ref: Diário  da República I Série  B n. 
192 de 17/08/1993 Página 4390. 

Decreto-lei  n.  282/93  de  17/08/1993  ref:  Diário  da  República  I  Série  A  n.  192  de 
17/08/1993 Página 4374. 

71 

 
 
  
 
Finland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Työturvallisuuslaki (299/58) 28/06/1958. 

Rakennuslaki (370/58) 16/08/1958. 

Rakennusasetus (266/59) 26/06/1959. 

Markanvändnings- och bygglag. nr 132 Författningssamling 12/02/1999. 

Lag om räddningsväsendet. Författningssamling 06/05/1999, p. 1353. 

C55a  -  Valtioneuvoston  päätös  työpaikkojen  terveys-  ja  turvallisuusvaatimuksista 
10.6.1999/728. 

Sweden:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1977:1160. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Plan- och bygglag, Svensk författningssamling refg: (SFS) 1987:10. 

innefattande  vissa  bestämmelser  om  elektriska  anläggningar,  Svensk 

Lag 
författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1902:71. 

Förordning om elektrisk materiel, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1989:420. 

Räddningstjänstlag, Svensk författningssamling ref: (SFS) 1986:1102. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  larm  och  utrymning, 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling ref: (AFS) 1993:56. 

Boverkets byggregler 94, Boverkets författningssamling ref: (BFS) 1993:57. 

om 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens ref: (AFS) 1980:11. 

kungörelse 

åtgärder  mot 

luftföroreningar, 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  om  skyddsåtgärder  mot  skada  genom  fall,  ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1981:14. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  om  skyddsåtgärder  mot  skada  genom  ras,  ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1981:15. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  om  arbetsställningar  och  arbetsrörelser,  ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1983:6. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  om  takarbete,  ref:  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens 
författningssamling (AFS) 1983:12. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens kungörelse med föreskrifter om första hjälpen vid olycksfall 
och akut sjukdom, ref: Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1984:14. 

72 

 
 
  
 
15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens kungörelse med föreskrifter om rulltrappor och rullrämper, 
ref: (AFS) 1986:16, ändring AFS 1987:6, 1989:14, 1993:43. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens kungörelse med föreskrifter om vissa arbeten på fartyg, ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1986:26. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1991:8. 

föreskrifter  om  belysning 

ref: 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  personalutrymmen,  ref: 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1992:1. 

föreskrifter 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1992:10. 

kungörelse  med 

om 

buller, 

ref: 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  varselmärkning  på 
arbetsplatser, ref: Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1992:15. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse med  föreskrifter  om  ventilation  och  luftkvalitet 
arbetslokaler ref: Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1993:5. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  maskiner  och  vissa  andra 
tekniska  anordningar,  ref:  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  författningssamling  (AFS) 
1993:10. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  föreskrifter  om  arbetslokaler,  ref:  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens 
författningssamling (AFS) 1995:3. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1997:6. 

föreskrifter 

om 

personalutrymmen, 

ref: 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  författningssamling  ref:  AFS  1999:7  av  01/12/1999  - 
SG(2000)A/06847. 

Arbetsplatsens  Utformning  :  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  föreskrifter  om  arbetsplatsens 
utformning (15/12/2000) ref : AFS 2000:42 av 15/12/2000 ; ( SG(2001)A/10150 du 
17/09/2001 et A/2003/6990 du 24/7/2003). 

Arbeitsmiljöverkets  föreskrifter  om  ändring 
i  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  (AFS 
2000:42)  om  arbetsplatsens  utformning  ref:  AFS  n°  2003:1  av  22/5/2003 
(A/2003/6990 du 24/7/2003). 

United Kingdom:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The  Workplace  (Health,  Safety  and  Welfare) Regulations 1992  ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The  Provision  and  Use  of  Work  Equipement  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2932  of 
1992. 

73 

 
 
  
 
4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2966  of 
1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

The Noise at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
147 of 1990. 

The  Health  and  Safety  (First-Aid)  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1982  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 429 of 1982. 

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 374 of 1990. 

The  Electricity  at  Work  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1991  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 13 of 1991. 

The Building (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1991 ref: S.R. Northern 
Ireland n° 169 of 1991. 

The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 59 of 
1990. 

The  Safety  Representatives  and  Safety  Committees  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1979 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 437 of 1979. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

The Health and Safety Order (Northern Ireland) 1978 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
1049 of 1978. 

The Fire Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 1821 
of 1984. 

The  Workplace  (Health,  Safety  and  Welfare)  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1993 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 37 of 1993. 

The Noise at Work Regulations 1989 ref: S.I. n° 1790 of 1989. 

The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 ref: S.I. n° 917 of 1981. 

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 ref: S.I. n° 1657 of 
1988. 

The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 ref: S.I. n° 635 of 1989. 

The  Building  Standards  (Scotland)  Regulations  1990  ref:  S.I.  Scotland  n°  2179  of 
1990. 

The Building Regulations 1991 ref: S.I. n° 2768 of 1991. 

The Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 ref: S.I. n° 500 
of 1977. 

74 

 
 
  
 
24. 

25. 

26. 

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. 

The Fire Precautions Act 1971. 

The Health, Safety and Welfare in the Workplace, Legal Notice No. 28 of 1996 ref: 
Gibraltar Gazette. 

27. 

The Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations of 1997 ref: S.I. n° 1840 of 1997. 

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council Directive 89/655/EEC of 30 November 1989 concerning the minimum safety and 
health  requirements  for  the  use  of  work  equipment  by  workers  at  work  (second 
individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) 

Belgium: 

1. 

Arrêté  royal  du  12/08/1993  concernant  l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  - 
Koninklijk besluit van 12/08/1993 betreffende het gebruik van arbeidsmiddelen ref: 
Moniteur belge du 28/09/1993, page 21358. 

Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

Søfartsstyrelsens tekniske forskrift ref: BEK nr. 7 af 15/12/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om faste arbejdssteder inretning. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om arbejdets udførelse. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om virksomhedernes sikkerheds- og sundhedsarbejde. 

Bekendtgørelse af 15/12/1992 om anvendelse af tekniske hjaelpemidler. 

Bekendtgørelse  om  inretning  af  tekniske  hjaelpemidler  ref:  BEK  nr.  694  af 
07/08/1992. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø. 

Bekendtgørelse med senere aendringer ref: BEK nr. 646 af 18/12/1985. 

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af tekniske hjaelpemidler på havanlaeg ref: BEK nr. 
912 af 19/11/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse om sikkerhed m.v. på havanlaeg ref: BEK nr. 711 af 16/11/1987. 

Lov om visse havanlaeg ref: LOV nr. 292 af 10/06/1981. 

Bekendtgørelse  af  lov  om  arbejdsmiljø.  Arbejdsministeriets  lovbekendtgørelse 
Arbejdsmin.3. kt.,j.nr. 1992-2100-20 ref: BEK nr. 184 af 22/3/1995. 

Arbejdsministeriets  bekendtgørelse  om  arbejdets  udførelse,  Arbejdsmin.,j.nr.92-
5232-1 ref: BEK nr. 867 af 13/10/1994. 

75 

 
 
  
 
14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 1164 af 16/12/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 1109 af 15/12/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 561 af 24/06/1994. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 1017 af 15/12/1993. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 670 af 07/08/1995. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 669 af 07/08/1995. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 407 af 18/11/1965. 

Teknisk forskrift om arbejdsmiljo i skibe Meddelelser fra ref: Søfartsstyrelsen A du 
01/07/2002. 

Bekendtgørelseom  aendring  af  bekendtgørelse  om  arbejdsmiljoforhold 
for 
besaetningsmedlemmer  under  tjeneste  pa  luftfartoj  og  for  deres  arbejdsgivere.  ref: 
BEK n° 279 af 22/04/2003 (SG(2003)A/6889 du 23/07/2003). 

Germany:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

Bekanntmachug  der  Neufassung  der  Gewerbeordnung  vom  01/01/1987, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 29/01/1987 Seite 425. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1977. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1979. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1981. 

Verordnung  zur  Novellierung  der  Gefahrstoffverordnung,  zur  Aufhebung  der 
Gefährlichkeitsmerkmaleverordnung und zur Änderung der Ersten Verordnung zum 
Sprengstoffgesetz  vom  26/10/1993,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  30/10/1993  Seite 
1782. 

Neufassung  der  Zwölften  Verordnung 
zur  Durchführung  des  Bundes-
Immissionsschutzgesetzes (Störfal-Verordnung) vom 20/09/1991, Bundesgesetzblatt 
Teil I vom 28/09/1991 Seite 1891. 

Festlandsockel-Bergverordnung vom 21/03/1989. 

Druckluftverordnung  vom  04/10/1972,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  14/10/1972 
Seite 1909. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/08/1978. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/10/1990. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1992. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1993. 

76 

 
 
  
 
13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/10/1985. 

Bekanntmachung  der  Neufassung  der  Druckbehälterverordnung  vom  21/04/1989, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 27/04/1989 Seite 843. 

Verordnung über Gashochdruckleitungen vom 17/12/1974, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I 
vom 20/12/1974 Seite 3591. 

Aufzugsverordnung vom 27/02/1980. 

Verordnung  zur  Ablösung  von  Verordnungen  nach  §  24  der  Gewerbeordnung  vom 
27/02/1980, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 01/03/1980 Seite 173. 

Verordnung  über  Sicherheit  und  Gesundheitsschutz  bei  der  Benutzung  von 
Arbeitsmitteln  bei  der  Arbeit  (Arbeitsmittelbenutzungsverordnung-  AMBV)  vom 
11/03/1997, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 19/03/1997 Seite 450. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Spain:  

1. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  395  du  17/12/1994  ref:  FEK  A  n°  220  du  19/12/1994  Page 
3973. 

Loi n° 1568 du 11/10/1985 ref: FEK A n° 177 du 18/10/1985 Page 3335. 

Loi n° 1836 du 14/03/1989 ref: FEK A n° 79 du 14/03/1989 Page 1071 

Décret présidentiel n° 149 du 14/03/1934 ref: FEK A n° 112 du 22/03/1934. 

Décret royal du 17/09/1934 ref: FEK A n° 334 du 04/10/1934. 

Décret royal n° 362 du 18/05/1968 ref: FEK A n° 117 du 27/05/1968. 

Décret royal n° 464 du 28/06/1968 ref: FEK A n° 153 du 12/07/1968. 

Décret présidentiel n° 152 du 22/02/1978 ref: FEK A n° 31 du 25/02/1978 Page 252. 

Décret présidentiel n° 151 du 22/02/1978 ref: FEK A n° 31 du 25/02/1978 Page 250. 

Décret  présidentiel n° 1073  du  12/09/1981 ref: FEK A  n° 260 du 16/09/1981 Page 
3611. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  395  du  17/12/1994  ref:  FEK  A  n°  220  du  19/12/1994  Page 
3973. 

Real  Decreto  número  1215/97  de  18/07/1997,  por  el  que  se  establecen  las 
disposiciones  mínimas  de  seguridad  y  salud  para  la  utilización  por  los  trabajadores 
de los equipos de trabajo ref: BOE n° 188 de 07/08/1997 Página 24063. 

77 

 
 
  
 
France:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Arrêté ministériel du 12/11/1993 modifiant l'arrêté du 19/11/1990 relatif aux solvants 
d'extraction  utilisés  dans  la  fabrication  des  denrées  alimentaires  ou  de  leurs 
ingrédients ref: Journal Officiel du 17/12/1993, page 17581. 

Décret  n°  92-332  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
que doivent observer les maîtres d'ouvrage lors de la construction de lieux de travail 
ou lors de leurs modifications, extensions ou transformations ref: Journal Officiel du 
01/04/1992, page 4610. 

Décret  n°  92-333  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
applicables  aux  lieux  de  travail  que  doivent  observer  les  chefs  d'établissements 
utilisateurs ref: Journal Officiel du 01/04/1992, page 4614. 

Loi  n°  91-1414  du  31/12/1991  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  et  le  code  de  la  santé 
publique  en  vue  de  favoriser  la  prévention  des  risques  professionnels  et  portant 
tranposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail 
ref: Journal Officiel du 07/01/1992, page 319. 

Décret n° 91-451 du 14/05/1991 relatif à la prévention des risques liés au travail sur 
des  équipements  comportant  des  écrans  de  visualisation  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du 
16/05/1991, page 6497. 

Décret n° 92-958 du 03/09/1992 relatif aux prescriptions minimales de sécurité et de 
santé  concernant  la  manutention  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques, 
notamment  dorso-lombaires,  pour  les  travailleurs  et  transposant  la  directive  (CEE) 
Numéro 90-269 du Conseil du 29/05/1990 ref: Journal Officiel du 09/09/1992, page 
12420. 

Arrêté ministériel du 29/01/1993 portant application de l'article R.231-68 du Code du 
travail relatif aux éléments de référence et aux autres facteurs de risque à prendre en 
compte pour l'évaluation préalable des risques et l'organisation des postes de travail 
lors  des  manutentions  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques,  notamment 
dorso-lombaires ref: Journal Officiel du 19/02/1993, page 2729. 

Décret n° 93-41 du 11/01/1993 relatif aux mesures d'organisation, aux conditions de 
mise en oeuvre et d'utilisation applicables aux équipements de travail et moyens de 
protection  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du  travail  et  modifiant  ce  code  ( 
deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 
691. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  04/06/1993  complétant  l'arrêté  du  05/03/1993  soumettant 
certains  équipements  de  travail  à  l'obligation  de  faire  des  vérifications  générales 
périodiques  prévues  à  l'article  R.233-11  du  code  du  travail  en  ce  qui  concerne  le 
contenu desdites vérifications ref: Journal Officiel du 15/06/1993 Page 8504. 

10. 

les  conditions  de  vérification  des 
Arrêté  ministériel  du  09/06/1993  fixant 
équipements  de  travail  utilisés  pour  le  levage  de  charges,  l'élévation  de  postes  de 

78 

 
 
  
 
11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

travail ou le transport en élévation de personnes ref: Journal Officiel du 30/06/1993, 
page 9277. 

Décret  n°  93-40  du  11/01/1993  relatif  aux  prescriptions  techniques  applicables  à 
l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du 
travail, aux règles techniques applicables aux matériels d'occasion soumis à l'article 
L-233-5  du  même  code  et  à  la  mise  en  conformité  des  équipements  existants  et 
modifiant le code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal 
Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 689. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  05/03/1993  soumettant  certains  équipements  de  travail  à 
l'obligation  de  faire  l'objet  des  vérifications  générales  périodiques  prévus  à  l'article 
R.233-11 du Code du travail ref: Journal Officiel du 17/03/1993, page 4149. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  19/03/1993  fixant  la  liste  des  équipements  de  protection 
individuelle qui doivent faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à 
l'article  R.233-42-2  du  code  du  travail  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du  28/03/1993,  page 
5354. 

Décret  2001-110  du  30  janvier  2001  modifiant  le  décret  80-1091  du  24/12/1980 
fixant  les  conditions  d'hygiène  et  de  sécurité  auxquelles  doivent  satisfaire  les 
tracteurs agricoles et forestiers à roues. ref: JORF du 07/02/2001, page 2086. 

Ireland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

The Building Regulations (Amendment) Regulations, 1994 ref: S.I. n° 154 of 19940. 

The Building Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 306 of 1991. 

The Building Control Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 305 of 1991. 

The Building Control Act, 1990, No. 3 of 1990. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, (Prescribed Premises) Regulations, 1989 ref: S.I. n° 319 
of 1989. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, No. 30 of 1981. 

The Organisation of Working Time Act, 1997, No. 20 of 1997. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (Miscellaneous  Welfare  Provisions) 
Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 358 of 1995. 

10. 

The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Signs) Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 132 of 
1995. 

Italy:  

1. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n.  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive  89/391/CEE, 
89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE,  90/394/CEE  e 

79 

 
 
  
 
90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori 
sul luogo di lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n. 141 alla GURI - Serie generale - 
del 12/11/1994 n. 265. 

2. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/03/1996  n.  242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n.  626,  recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie 
riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di 
lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n .75 alla GURI - Serie generale - del 06/05/1996 
n. 104 pag. 3. 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  04/11/1994  concernant  les  prescriptions  minimales  de 
sécurité et de santé pour l'utilisation par les travailleurs au travail d'équipements de 
travail ref: Mémorial grand-ducal A n° 96 du 17/11/1994, page 1826. 

Netherlands:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Besluit van 14/10/1993, Staatsblad nummer 537 van 1993 bladzijde 1. 

ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nummer 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  met  de  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nummer 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
gebied 
(Beleidsregels 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

Austria:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Landarbeitsordnung  ,  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Niederösterreich,  Nr.  9020-15  vom 
18/2/2000 p. 21. 

über 

Sicherheit 

und  Gesundheit 

der  Arbeit 
Bundesgesetz 
-  ASchG)  und  mit  dem  das  Allgemeine 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
das 
Sozialversicherungs-gesetz, 
Bauern-
Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
das 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
vom 17/06/1994. 

das  Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-gesetz, 
das 

1975, 
Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

Berggesetz 

das 

das 

bei 

Allgemeine Arbeitnehmerschutzverordnung, ref: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 21/1983. 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich Nr. 2015-1. 

80 

 
 
  
 
5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

Machinen-Schutzvorrichtungsverordnung,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 43/1961. 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  wirtschaftliche  Angelegenheiten  und  des 
Bundesministers  für  Arbeit  und  Soziales  über  die  Sicherheit  von  Aufzügen 
(Aufzüge-Sicherheitsverordnung  1996  -  ASV  1996),  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die 
Republik Österreich, Nr. 780/1996 Ausgegeben am 30/12/1996. 

Elektroschutzverordnung  1995-ESV  1995,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik 
Österreich, Nr. 237/1995 Seite 8381. 

Betrieb  von  Starkstromanlagen  -  grundsätzliche  ref:  ÖVE-E  5,  Teil  1/1989,  Nr.  47 
Seite 696. 

Sonderbestimmungen für den Betrieb elektrischer Anlagen in explosionsgefährdeten 
Betriebstätten, ref: Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-E 5, 
Teil 9/1982 seite 721. 

Betrieb  elektrischer  Bahnanlagen,  ref:  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-T 5, Teil 5/1990 seite 1770. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und - 1500 V, 
ref:  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die  Elektrotechnik  ÖVE-EN  1,  Teil  1/1989 
seite 913. 

Nachtrag A zu den Bestimmungen über Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen bis ~1000 
V und 1500, ref: Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, 
Teil 3 (41a)/1986 seite 1031. 

Nachtrag  A  und  Nachtrag  B  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  Errichtung  von 
Starkstromanlagen  mit  Nennspannungen  bis  ~  1000  V  und  1500  V,  ref: 
Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 3(42a)/1985 
seite 1052. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und 1500 V, 
Teil 4: Anlagen besonderer Art, ref: ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 4-43 bis 50 und (51)/1980 seite 
1063. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannungen bis ~ 1000 V und 1500 V, 
Teil  4:  besondere  Anlagen, 
für  die 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EN 1, Teil 4 seite 1078. 

ref:  Österreichische  Bestimmungen 

Errichtung  von  elektrischer  Anlagen  in  explosionsgefährdeten  Bereichen,  ref: 
Österreichische Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EX 65/1981 seite 1276. 

Nachtrag  A  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  die  Errichtung  elektrischer  Anlagen  in 
explosionsgefährdeten  Bereichen,  ref:  Österreichische  Bestimmungen  für  die 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EX 65a/1985 seite 1303. 

Errichtung von Starkstromanlagen mit Nennspannung über 1 kV, ref: Österreichische 
Bestimmungen für die Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EH 1/1982 seite 823. 

81 

 
 
  
 
19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

Nachtrag  A  zu  den  Bestimmungen  über  die  Errichtung  von  Starkstromanlagen  mit 
für  die 
Nennspannungen  über  1kV, 
Elektrotechnik ÖVE-EH 1a/1987 seite 861. 

ref:  Österreichische  Bestimmungen 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Oö.  Landesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz  1998  -  Oö.  LBSG),  ref:  LGBl  für  Oberösterreich,  Nr.  13/1998  vom 
27/02/1998. 

Bundesgesetz über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz der in Dienststellen des Bundes 
beschäftigten  Bediensteten  und  mit  dem  das  Beamten-Dienstrechtgesetz  1979,  das 
Vertragsbedienstetengesetz  1948,  das  Richterdienst  gesetz,  das  Bundes-  Personal 
das  Arbeitnehmer 
vertretungsgesetz, 
Inenschutzgesetz geändert werden. ref: BGB für die Republik österreich. 30/04/1999, 
s. 54. 

das  Mutterschutzgesetz 

1979 

und 

Verordnung  des  Bundesministers  für  Wirtschaft  und  Arbeit  über  den  Schutz  der 
ArbeitnehmerInnen bei der Benutzung von Arbeitsmitteln (Arbeitsmittelverordnung-
AMVO) und mit der die Bauarbeiterschutzverordnung geändert wird ref : BGBl. für 
die Republik Österreich Nr. 164/2000, page 1385, 16/06/2000; SG(2000)A/9238. 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref  : 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

Gesetz  vom  12.  Juli  2001  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens,  der  Gesundheit  und  der 
Sicherheit  der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  der 
(Burgenländisches 
Gemeindeverbände 
Bedienstetenschutzgesetz 2001 - Bgld. BSchG 2001) ref : Landesgesetzblatt für das 
Burgenland  Nr.  37/2001,  01/10/2001,  23.  Stück,  seite  199  (SG(2001)A/11419  du 
17/10/2001). 

beschäftigten 

Bediensteten 

Land-  und  forstwirschaftliche  Sicherheits-  und  Gesundheitsschutz-  Verordnung  ref: 
LGBI Nr. 96/2001 vom 13/11/2001, Seite 463. 

Verordnung  der  Bundesregierung  über  den  Schutz  der  Bundesbediensteten  bei  der 
Benutzung  von  Arbeitsmitteln  (Bundes-Arbeitsmittelverordnung  -  B-AM-VO)  ref: 
BGBl.  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Teil  II  n°  392  vom  31/10/2002  p.  2857 
(SG(2002)A/11828 du 03/12/2002). 

Gesetz  vom  20/11/2001  über  das  Arbeitsrecht  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  - 
Steiermärkische  Landarbeitsordnung  2001  ref:  LGBl.  n°  39  du  12/04/2002  p.95 
(SG(2003)A/1209 du 03/02/2003). 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigen  Bediensteten 
(Oö.Gemeindebediensteten-  Schutzgesetz  1999  -  Oö  GbSG)  ref:  LGBl  n°  15  vom 
15/02/2000 Seite 21. 

29. 

Verordnung  der  Oö.  Landesregierung  betreffend  Vorschriften  zum  Schutz  des 
Lebens und der Gesundheit der Landesbediensteten bei Ausführung von Bauarbeiten 

82 

 
 
  
 
30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

(Oö.  Landes-Bauarbeiter  schutzverordnung-Oö.  LBauV)  .  ref:  LGBl  n°  9  vom 
31/01/2003 Seite 17. 

Verordnung  der  Oö.  Landesregierung  betreffend  Vorschriften  zum  Schutz  der 
.(Oö. 
Arbeitsmitteln 
Landesbediensteten 
Arbeitsmittelnverordnung-Oö. AmV) ref: LGBl n° 7 vom 31/01/2003 p. 13. 

Benutzung 

von 

bei 

Verordnung  der  Wiener  Landesregierung  über  den  Schutz  der  in  Dienststellen  der 
Gemeinde  Wien  beschäftigen  Bediensteten  bei  der  Benutzung  vom  Arbeitsmitteln. 
ref: LGBl n°24 vom 13/6/2003 p. 85 (SG(2003)A/7010 du 24/7/2003). 

Verordnung der Salzburger Landesregierung- Schutzvorschriften bei der Benutzung 
von Arbeitsmitteln (Arbeitsmittel-Verordnung-AMV). ref: LGBl Salzburg n° 45 vom 
30/5/2003 p. 199 (SG(2003)A/6946 du 24/7/2003). 

Verordnung  der  Oö.  Landesregierung  betreffend  Vorschriften  zum  Schutz  des 
Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  Bediensteten  der  Oö.  Gemeinden  und 
Gemeindeverbände 
(Oö.  Gemeinde-
Bauarbeiterschutzverordnung  -  Oö.  G-BauV)  .  ref:  LGBl  für  Oö  n°  68  vom 
18/06/2003 Seite 171 (SG(2003)A/07226 du 31/07/2003). 

von  Bauarbeiten 

bei  Ausführung 

Verordnung  der  Oö.  Landesregierung  betreffend  Vorschriften  zum  Schutz  der 
Bediensteten  der  Oö.  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  bei  der  Benutzung  von 
Arbeitsmitteln (Oö. Gemeinde-Arbeitsmittelverordnung - Oö. G-AmV) ref: LGBl für 
Oö n° 74 vom 30/06/2003 Seite 193 (SG(2003)A/07226 du 31/07/2003). 

Portugal:  

1. 

Decreto-Lei  n.  331/93  de  25/09/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva  n.  89/655/CEE,  do  Conselho,  de  30  de  Novembro  de  1989,  relativa  às 
prescrições mínimas de segurança e de saúde para a utilização pelos trabalhadores de 
equipamentos  de  trabalho  ref:  Diário  da  República  I  Série A  n.  226  de  25/09/1993 
Página 5393. 

Finland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Työturvallisuuslaki (299/58), muutos (144/93). 

Työterveyshuoltolaki (743/78). 

Laki  työsuojelun  valvonnasta  ja  muutoksenhausta  työsuojeluasioissa  (131/73) 
16/02/1973, uusi nimi (29/87). 

Valtioneuvoston päätös työvälineiden turvallisesta käytöstä (1403/93) 22/12/1993. 

Sweden:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1160. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1993:36. 

83 

 
 
  
 
United Kingdom:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The  Workplace  (Health,  Safety  and  Welfare) Regulations 1992  ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The  Provision  and  Use  of  Work  Equipment  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2932  of 
1992. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2966  of 
1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 ref: S.I. n° 1333 of 1985, as amended by 
S.I. n° 2966 of 1992. 

The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 ref: S.I. n° 635 of 1989. 

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. 

The Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 ref: S.I. n° 500 
of 1977. 

The  Control  of  Absestos  at  Work  Regulations  1987  ref:  S.I.  n°  2115  of  1987,  as 
amended by S.I. n° 2966 of 1992 and S.I. n° 3068 of 1992. 

The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 1980 ref: S.I. n° 1248 of 1980, as amended 
by S.I. n° 2966 of 1992. 

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 ref: S.I. n° 1657 of 
1988, as amended by S.I. n° 2026 of 1990, S.I. n° 2431 of 1991, S.I. n° 2382 of 1992 
and S.I. n° 2966 of 1992. 

The  Electricity  at  Work  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1991  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 13 of 1991. 

The  Ionising  Radiations  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1985  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 273 of 1985. 

The  Safety  Representatives  and  Safety  Committes  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1979 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 437 of 1979. 

The Health and Safety Order (Northern Ireland) 1978 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
1049 of 1978. 

The Control of Lead at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1986 ref: S.R. Northern 
Ireland n° 36 of 1986. 

The  Control  of  Absestos  at  Work  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1988  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 74 of 1988. 

84 

 
 
  
 
19. 

20. 

21. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

The  Control  of  Substances  Hazardous  to  Health  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  of 
1990 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 374 of 1990, as amended by S.R. Northern Ireland 
n° 61 of 1992. 

The  Provisions  and  Use  of  Work  Equipment  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1993 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 19 of 1993 

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council Directive 89/656/EEC of 30 November 1989 on the minimum health and safety 
requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace 
(third individual directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC 

Belgium:  

1. 

2. 

Arrêté  royal  modifiant  l'arrêté  royal  du  7  août  1995  relatif  à  l'utilisation  des 
équipements de protection individuelle. 

Arrêté  royal  du  07/08/1995  relatif  à  l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  protection 
individuelle ref: MB du 15/09/1995, page 26295. 

Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Søfartsstyrlesens tekniske forskrift ref: Søfartsstyrlesens nr. 7 af 15/12/1992. 

Arbejdstilsynets  Bekendtgørelse  om  brug  af  personlige  vaernemidler  ref:  BEK  nr. 
746 af 28/08/1992. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø. 

Bekendtgørelse med senere aendringer ref: BEK nr. 646 af 18/12/1985. 

Bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af personlige vaernemidler på havanlaeg ref: BEK nr. 
901 af 11/11/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse om sikkerhed m.v. på havanlaeg ref: BEK nr. 711 af 16/11/1987. 

Lov om visse havanlaeg ref: Lov nr. 292 af 10/06/1981. 

Teknisk forskrift om arbejdsmiljo i skibe Meddelelser fra ref: Søfartsstyrelsen A du 
01/07/2002. 

for 
Bekendtgørelseom  aendring  af  bekendtgørelse  om  arbejdsmiljoforhold 
besaetningsmedlemmer  under  tjeneste  pa  luftfartoj  og  for  deres  arbejdsgivere.  ref: 
BEK n° 887 af 31/10/2002 (SG(2003)A/6889 du 23/07/2003). 

Germany:  

1. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1977. 

85 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1979. 

Bergverordnung zum gesundheitlichen Schutz der Beschäftigten (Gesundheitsschutz-
Bergverordnung  -  GesBergV)  vom  31/07/1991,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom 
09/08/1991 Seite 1751. 

Bekanntmachug  der  Neufassung  der  Gewerbeordnung  vom  01/01/1987, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 29/01/1987 Seite 425. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1981. 

Verordnung  zur  Novellierung  der  Gefahrstoffverordnung,  zur  Aufhebung  der 
Gefährlichkeitsmerkmaleverordnung und zur Änderung der Ersten Verordnung zum 
Sprengstoffgesetz  vom  26/10/1993,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  30/10/1993  Seite 
1782. 

zur  Durchführung  des  Bundes-
Neufassung  der  Zwölften  Verordnung 
Immissionsschutzgesetzes (Störfal-Verordnung) vom 20/09/1991, Bundesgesetzblatt 
Teil I vom 28/09/1991 Seite 1891. 

Gentechnik-Sicherheitsverordnug  -  GenTSV  vom  24/10/1990,  Bundesgesetzblatt 
Teil I vom 03/11/1990 Seite 2340. 

Druckluftverordnung  vom  04/10/1972,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom  14/10/1972 
Seite 1909. 

über 

Verordnung 
durch  Röntgenstrahlen 
vor 
(Röntgenverordnung-  RöV)  vom  08/01/1987,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom 
14/01/1987 Seite 114. 

Schäden 

Schutz 

den 

Bekanntmachung  der  Neufassung  der  Strahlenschutzverordnung  vom  30/06/1989, 
Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 12/07/1989 Seite 1321. 

Verordnung  zum  Gerätesicherheitsgesetz  und  zur  Aufhebung  von  Vorschriften  der 
Verordnung  über  besondere  Arbeitsschutzanforderungen  bei  Arbeiten  im  Freien  in 
der  Zeit  vom  1.  November  bis  31.  März  vom  10/06/1992,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I 
vom 17/06/1992 Seite 1019. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1990. 

Verordnung  über  die  Beförderung  gefährlicher  Güter  mit  Seeschiffen 
(Gefahrgutverordnung  See  -  GGV  See)  vom  24/07/1991,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I 
vom 31/07/1991 Seite 1714. 

Verordnung  zur  Umsetzung  von  EG-Einzelrichtilinien  zur  EG-Rahmenrichtlinie 
Arbeitsschutz vom 04/12/1996, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 10/12/1996 Seite 1841. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

Loi n° 1568/85 du 11/10/1985, FEK A n° 177 du 18/10/1985 Page 3335. 

Loi n° 1836/89 du 14/03/1989, FEK A n° 79 du 14/03/1989 Page 1071. 

86 

 
 
  
 
3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  225/89  du  25/04/1989,  FEK  A  n°  106  du  02/05/1989  Page 
3277. 

Décret présidentiel n° 212/76, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 151/78, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 152/78, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 95/78, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 216/78, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 1073/81, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 94/87, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 70A/88, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 225/89, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 70/90, FEK A. 

Décret présidentiel n° 85/91, FEK A. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  396/94  du  17/12/1994,  FEK  A  n°  220  du  19/12/1994  Page 
3977. 

16. 

Décret présidentiel n° 149/34 du 14/03/1934, FEK A n° 112 du 22/03/1934. 

Spain:  

1. 

01  .  Real  Decreto  n°  773/97  de  30/05/1997,  sobre  disposiciones  mínimas  de 
seguridad  y  salud  relativas  a  la  utilización  por  los  trabajadores  de  equipos  de 
protección  individual  --  ref:  BOE  n°  140  de  12/06/1997  Página  18000  (Marginal 
12735) -- 02. Corrección de erratas del Real Decreto n° 773/97 de 30/05/1997, sobre 
disposiciones  mínimas  de  seguridad  y  salud  relativas  a  la  utilización  por  los 
trabajadores de equipos de protección individual -- ref: BOE n° 171 de 18/07/1997 
Página 22094 (Marginal 16026). 

France:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Arrêté ministériel du 12/11/1993 modifiant l'arrêté du 19/11/1990 relatif aux solvants 
d'extraction  utilisés  dans  la  fabrication  des  denrées  alimentaires  ou  de  leurs 
ingrédients ref: Journal Officiel du 17/12/1993, page 17581. 

Décret  n°  92-332  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
que doivent observer les maîtres d'ouvrage lors de la construction de lieux de travail 
ou lors de leurs modifications, extensions ou transformations ref: Journal Officiel du 
01/04/1992, page 4610. 

Décret  n°  92-333  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 

87 

 
 
  
 
4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

applicables  aux  lieux  de  travail  que  doivent  observer  les  chefs  d'établissements 
utilisateurs ref: Journal Officiel du 01/04/1992, page 4614. 

Loi  n°  91-1414  du  31/12/1991  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  et  le  code  de  la  santé 
publique  en  vue  de  favoriser  la  prévention  des  risques  professionnels  et  portant 
tranposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail 
ref: Journal Officiel du 07/01/1992, page 319. 

Décret n° 91-451 du 14/05/1991 relatif à la prévention des risques liés au travail sur 
des  équipements  comportant  des  écrans  de  visualisation  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du 
16/05/1991, page 6497. 

Décret n° 92-958 du 03/09/1992 relatif aux prescriptions minimales de sécurité et de 
santé  concernant  la  manutention  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques, 
notamment  dorso-lombaires,  pour  les  travailleurs  et  transposant  la  directive  (CEE) 
Numéro 90-269 du Conseil du 29/05/1990 ref: Journal Officiel du 09/09/1992, page 
12420. 

Arrêté ministériel du 29/01/1993 portant application de l'article R.231-68 du Code du 
travail relatif aux éléments de référence et aux autres facteurs de risque à prendre en 
compte pour l'évaluation préalable des risques et l'organisation des postes de travail 
lors  des  manutentions  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques,  notamment 
dorso-lombaires ref: Journal Officiel du 19/02/1993, page 2729. 

Décret n° 93-41 du 11/01/1993 relatif aux mesures d'organisation, aux conditions de 
mise en oeuvre et d'utilisation applicables aux équipements de travail et moyens de 
protection  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du  travail  et  modifiant  ce  code  ( 
deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 
691. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  04/06/1993  complétant  l'arrêté  du  05/03/1993  soumettant 
certains  équipements  de  travail  à  l'obligation  de  faire  des  vérifications  générales 
périodiques  prévues  à  l'article  R.233-11  du  code  du  travail  en  ce  qui  concerne  le 
contenu desdites vérifications ref: Journal Officiel du 15/06/1993, page 8504. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  09/06/1993  fixant 
les  conditions  de  vérification  des 
équipements  de  travail  utilisés  pour  le  levage  de  charges,  l'élévation  de  postes  de 
travail ou le transport en élévation de personnes ref: Journal Officiel du 30/06/1993, 
page 9277. 

Décret  n°  93-40  du  11/01/1993  relatif  aux  prescriptions  techniques  applicables  à 
l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du 
travail, aux règles techniques applicables aux matériels d'occasion soumis à l'article 
L-233-5  du  même  code  et  à  la  mise  en  conformité  des  équipements  existants  et 
modifiant le code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal 
Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 689. 

12. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  05/03/1993  soumettant  certains  équipements  de  travail  à 
l'obligation  de  faire  l'objet  des  vérifications  générales  périodiques  prévus  à  l'article 
R.233-11 du Code du travail ref: Journal Officiel du 17/03/1993, page 4149. 

88 

 
 
  
 
13. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  19/03/1993  fixant  la  liste  des  équipements  de  protection 
individuelle qui doivent faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à 
l'article  R.233-42-2  du  code  du  travail  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du  28/03/1993,  page 
5354. 

Ireland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

The Building Regulations (Amendment) Regulations, 1994 ref: S.I. n° 154 of 1994. 

The Building Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 306 of 1991. 

The Building Control Regulations, 1991 ref: S.I. n° 305 of 1991. 

The Building Control Act, 1990, No. 3 of 1990. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, (Prescribed Premises) Regulations, 1989 ref: S.I. n° 319 
of 1989. 

The Fire Services Act, 1981, No. 30 of 1981. 

The Organisation of Working Time Act, 1997, No. 20 of 1997. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (Miscellaneous  Welfare  Provisions) 
Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 358 of 1995. 

10. 

The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Signs) Regulations, 1995 ref: S.I. n° 132 of 
1995. 

Italy:  

1. 

01 
.  Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n°  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive 
89/391/CEE,  89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE, 
90/394/CEE e 90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute 
dei lavoratori sul luogo di lavoro -- ref: Supplemento ordinario n° 141 alla GURI - 
Serie generale - del 12/11/1994 n° 265 -- 02. Decreto legislativo del 19/03/1996 n° 
242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto  legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n°  626, 
recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie  riguardanti  il  miglioramento  della 
sicurezza  e  della  salute  dei  lavoratori  sul  luogo  di  lavoro  --  ref:  Supplemento 
ordinario n° 75 alla GURI - Serie generale - del 06/05/1996 n° 104 pag. 3. 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  04/11/1994  concernant  les  prescriptions  minimales  de 
sécurité et de santé pour l'utilisation par les travailleurs au travail d'équipements de 
protection  individuelle  ref:  Mémorial  grand-ducal  A  n°  96  du  17/11/1994,  page 
1830. 

89 

 
 
  
 
Netherlands:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit persoonlijke berschermingsmiddelen van 15/07/1993, 
Staatsblad nummer 442. 

ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nummer 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  met  de  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nummer 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
gebied 
(Beleidsregels 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

Austria:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Landarbeitsordnung , ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 9020-15. 

über 

Sicherheit 

und  Gesundheit 

der  Arbeit 
Bundesgesetz 
-  ASchG)  und  mit  dem  das  Allgemeine 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-gesetz, 
das 
Sozialversicherungs-gesetz, 
Bauern-
das 
dasArbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
das 
das 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden,  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
ausgegeben am 17/06/1994. 

Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

Berggesetz 

1975, 

das 

bei 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, ref: Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 2015-1. 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Oö.  Landesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz  1998  -  Oö.  LBSG),  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Oberösterreich,  Nr. 
13/1998 vom 27/02/1998. 

Bundesgesetz über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz der in Dienststellen des Bundes 
beschäftigten  Bediensteten  und  mit  dem  das  Beamten-Dienstrechtgesetz  1979,  das 
Vertragsbedien  -stetengesetz  1948,  das  Richterdienst  gesetz,  das  Bundes-  Personal 
das  Arbeitnehmer 
vertretungsgesetz, 
Inenschutzgesetz geändert werden. ref: BGB für die Republik österreich. 30/04/1999, 
s. 54. 

das  Mutterschutzgesetz 

1979 

und 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref: 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref: 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

90 

 
 
  
 
8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

Gesetz  vom  12.  Juli  2001  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens,  der  Gesundheit  und  der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  der 
Sicherheit  der 
Gemeindeverbände 
(Burgenländisches 
Bedienstetenschutzgesetz 2001 - Bgld. BSchG 2001) ref : LGBl für das Burgenland 
n° 37 vom 01/10/2001, p. 199 (SG(2001)A/11419 du 17/10/2001). 

beschäftigten 

Bediensteten 

Land- und forstwirrtschaftliche Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutz- Verordnung ref: 
LGBI n° 96, Jahrgang 2001, 13/11/2001, 41. Stück, Seite 461. 

Gesetz  vom  20/11/2001  über  das  Arbeitsrecht  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  - 
Steiermärkische  Landarbeitsordnung  2001  ref:  LGBl.  n°  39  du  12/04/2002  p.95 
(SG(2003)A/1209 du 03/02/2003). 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigen  Bediensteten 
(Oö.Gemeindebediensteten-  Schutzgesetz  1999  -  Oö  GbSG)  ref:  LGBl  n°  15  vom 
15/02/2000 Seite 21. 

Verordnung  der  Salzburger  Landesregierung  vom  14/03/2003  über  die  Sicherheit 
(Baustellen-
und  den  Gesundheitsschutz  von  Bediensteten  auf  Baustellen 
Verordnung) ref: LGBl. für Salzburg n° 30/2003 (SG(2003)A/4858 du 21/05/2003). 

Verordnung  der  Salzburger  Landesregierung-Vorschriften  über  persönichle 
Schutzausrüstunge.  ref:  LGBl.  für  Salzburg  n°  46  vom  30/5/2003  p.  199 
(SG(2003)A/6947 du 24/07/2003). 

Portugal:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Decreto-Lei  n°  348/93  de  01/10/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva  89/656/CEE,  do  Conselho,  de  30  de  Novembro,  relativa  às  prescrições 
mínimas  de  segurança  e  de  saúde  para  a  utilização  pelos  trabalhadores  de 
equipamentos de protecção individual no trabalho ref: Diário da República I Série A 
n° 231 de 01/10/1993 Página 5553. 

Portaria n° 988/93 de 06/10/1993. Estabelece as prescrições mínimas de segurança e 
saúde  dos  trabalhadores  na  utilização  de  equipamentos  de  protecção  individual  ref: 
Diário da República I Série B n° 234 de 06/10/1993 Página 5599. 

Regulamento  Geral  de  Higiene  e  Segurança  do  Trabalho  nos  Estabelecimentos 
Industriais. 

Decreto-Lei  n°  128/93  de  22/04/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva do Conselho 89/686/CEE, de 21 de Dezembro, relativa aos equipamentos 
de  protecção  individual  ref:  Diário  da  República  I  Série  A  n°  94  de  22/04/1993 
Página 1965. 

Portaria 1131/93 de 04/11/1993. Estabelece as exigências essenciais relativas à saúde 
e segurança aplicáveis aos equipamentos de protecção individual (EPI) ref: Diário da 
República I Série B n° 258 de 04/11/1993 Página 6189. 

Decreto-Lei  n°  26/94  de  01/02/1994.  Estabelece  o  regime  de  organização  e 
funcionamento das actividades de segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho ref: Diário 
da República I Série A n° 26 de 01/02/1994 Página 480. 

91 

 
 
  
 
7. 

Decreto-lei n° 441/97 de 14/11/1991. Estabelece o regime jurídico do enquadramento 
da segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho ref: Diário da República I Série A n° 262 
de 14/11/1991 Página 5826. 

Finland:  

1. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös  henkilönsuojainten  valinnasta  ja  käytöstä  työssä  (1407/93) 
22/12/1993. 

Sweden:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1160. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  almänna  föreskrifter  om  användning  av 
personlig  skyddsutrustning,  Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  författningssamling  (AFS) 
1993:40. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1996:4. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1996:13. 

United Kingdom:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The  Workplace  (Health,  Safety  and  Welfare) Regulations 1992  ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The  Provision  and  Use  of  Work  Equipment  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2932  of 
1992. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2966  of 
1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. 

The Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 ref: S.I. n° 2209 of 1989. 

The Noise at Work Regulations 1989 ref: S.I. n° 1790 of 1989. 

The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 1980 ref: S.I. n° 1248 of 1980. 

The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 ref: S.I. n° 1333 of 1985. 

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 ref: S.I. n° 1657 of 
1988. 

12. 

The Control of Absestos at Work Regulations 1987 ref: S.I. n° 2115 of 1987. 

92 

 
 
  
 
13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

The Health and Safety Order (Northern Ireland) 1978 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
1049. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

The  Construction  (Head  Protection)  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1990  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 424 of 1990. 

The Noise at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 
147 of 1990. 

The  Ionising  Radiations  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1985  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 273 of 1985. 

The Control of Lead at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1986 ref: S.R. Northern 
Ireland n° 36 of 1986. 

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 374 of 1990. 

The  Control  of  Absestos  at  Work  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1988  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 74 of 1988. 

The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1993 ref: 
S.R. Northern Ireland n° 20 of 1993. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work,  Legal  Notice  No.  31  of  1996  ref: 
Gibraltar Gazette of 29/02/1996. 

The  Merchant  shipping  and  Fishing  Vessels  (Personnal  Protective  Equipment) 
Regulation 1999 ref: S.I. n°2205 of 1999 - SG(2000)A/08425. 

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council  Directive  90/269/EEC  of  29  May  1990  on  the  minimum  health  and  safety 
requirements for the manual handling of loads where there is a risk particularly of back 
injury  to  workers  (fourth  individual  Directive  within  the  meaning  of  Article  16  (1)  of 
Directive 89/391/EEC) 

Belgium:  

1. 

Arrêté  royal  du  12/08/1993  concernant  l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  - 
Koninklijk besluit van 12/08/1993 betreffende het gebruik van arbeidsmiddelen ref: 
Moniteur belge du 29/09/1993, page 21358. 

Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om manuel handtering. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om arbejdets udførelse. 

93 

 
 
  
 
3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 746 af 28/08/1992 om brug af personlige værnemidler. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø, Bekendtgørelse nr. 646 af 18/12/1985. 

Søfartsstyrelsens tekniske forskrift nr. 7 af 15/12/1992. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 60 af 12/02/1993 om manuel handtering af bryder på havanlæg. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 711 af 16/11/1987 om sikkerhed m.v. på havanlæg. 

Lov nr. 292 af 10/06/1981 om visse havanlæg. 

Bestemmelser  om  sikkerhed  og  sundhed  for  besætnings  medlemmer  under  tjeneste 
på luftfartøj af 16/06/1994. 

10. 

Teknisk forskrift om arbejdsmiljo i skibe ref: Meddelelser fra Søfartsstyrelsen A du 
01/07/2002. 

Germany:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1977, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/04/1979, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I. 

Bergverordnung zum gesundheitlichen Schutz der Beschäftigten (Gesundheitsschutz-
Bergverordnung  -  GesBergV)  vom  31/07/1991,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom 
09/08/1991 Seite 1751. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/10/1982, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/09/1982, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I. 

Unfallverhütungsvorschrift vom 01/01/1993, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I. 

Verordnung  zur  Umsetzung  von  EG-Einzelrichtilinien  zur  EG-Rahmenrichtlinie 
Arbeitsschutz vom 04/12/1996, Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I vom 10/12/1996 Seite 1841. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Décret  présidentiel  n°  397  du  17/12/1994  ref:  FEK  A  n°  221  du  19/12/1994,  page 
3985. 

Loi n° 1568 du 11/10/1985 ref: FEK A n° 177 du 18/10/1985, page 3335. 

Loi n° 1836 du 14/03/1989 ref: FEK A n° 79 du 14/03/1989, page 1071. 

Loi n° 1837 du 03/1989 ref: FEK A n° 85 du 23/03/1989, page 1105. 

Décision  ministérielle  n°  130627  du  07/03/1990  ref:  FEK  A  n°  27  du  08/03/1990, 
page 187. 

Décret présidentiel n° 149 du 14/03/1934 ref: FEK A n° 112 du 22/03/1934. 

94 

 
 
  
 
Spain:  

1. 

Real  Decreto  número  487/97  de  14/04/1997,  sobre  disposiciones  mínimas  de 
seguridad y salud relativas a la manipulación manual de cargas que entrañe riesgos, 
en  particular  dorso  lumbares,  para  los  trabajadores  ref:  BOE  n°  97  de  23/04/1997 
Página 12926 (Marginal 8670). 

France:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Arrêté ministériel du 12/11/1993 modifiant l'arrêté du 19/11/1990 relatif aux solvants 
d'extraction  utilisés  dans  la  fabrication  des  denrées  alimentaires  ou  de  leurs 
ingrédients ref: Journal Officiel du 17/12/1993, page 17581. 

Décret  n°  92-332  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
que doivent observer les maîtres d'ouvrage lors de la construction de lieux de travail 
ou lors de leurs modifications, extensions ou transformations ref: Journal Officiel du 
01/04/1992, page 4610. 

Décret  n°  92-333  du  31/03/1992  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  (deuxième  partie: 
décrets en Conseil d'Etat) et relatif aux dispositions concernant la sécurité et la santé 
applicables  aux  lieux  de  travail  que  doivent  observer  les  chefs  d'établissements 
utilisateurs ref: Journal Officiel du 01/04/1992, page 4614. 

Loi  n°  91-1414  du  31/12/1991  modifiant  le  code  du  travail  et  le  code  de  la  santé 
publique  en  vue  de  favoriser  la  prévention  des  risques  professionnels  et  portant 
tranposition de directives européennes relatives à la santé et à la sécurité du travail 
ref: Journal Officiel du 07/01/1992, page 319. 

Décret  Numéro  91-451  du  14/05/1991  relatif  à  la  prévention  des  risques  liés  au 
travail  sur  des  équipements  comportant  des  écrans  de  visualisation  ref:  Journal 
Officiel du 16/05/1991, page 6497. 

Décret n° 92-958 du 03/09/1992 relatif aux prescriptions minimales de sécurité et de 
santé  concernant  la  manutention  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques, 
notamment  dorso-lombaires,  pour  les  travailleurs  et  transposant  la  directive  (CEE) 
Numéro 90-269 du Conseil du 29/05/1990 ref: Journal Officiel du 09/09/1992, page 
12420. 

Arrêté ministériel du 29/01/1993 portant application de l'article R.231-68 du Code du 
travail relatif aux éléments de référence et aux autres facteurs de risque à prendre en 
compte pour l'évaluation préalable des risques et l'organisation des postes de travail 
lors  des  manutentions  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des  risques,  notamment 
dorso-lombaires ref: Journal Officiel du 19/02/1993, page 2729. 

Décret n° 93-41 du 11/01/1993 relatif aux mesures d'organisation, aux conditions de 
mise en oeuvre et d'utilisation applicables aux équipements de travail et moyens de 
protection  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du  travail  et  modifiant  ce  code  ( 
deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 
691. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  04/06/1993  complétant  l'arrêté  du  05/03/1993  soumettant 
certains  équipements  de  travail  à  l'obligation  de  faire  des  vérifications  générales 

95 

 
 
  
 
10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

périodiques  prévues  à  l'article  R.233-11  du  code  du  travail  en  ce  qui  concerne  le 
contenu desdites vérifications ref: Journal Officiel du 15/06/1993, page 8504. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  09/06/1993  fixant 
les  conditions  de  vérification  des 
équipements  de  travail  utilisés  pour  le  levage  de  charges,  l'élévation  de  postes  de 
travail ou le transport en élévation de personnes ref: Journal Officiel du 30/06/1993, 
page 9277. 

Décret  n°  93-40  du  11/01/1993  relatif  aux  prescriptions  techniques  applicables  à 
l'utilisation  des  équipements  de  travail  soumis  à  l'article  L-233-5-1  du  Code  du 
travail, aux règles techniques applicables aux matériels d'occasion soumis à l'article 
L-233-5  du  même  code  et  à  la  mise  en  conformité  des  équipements  existants  et 
modifiant le code du travail (deuxième partie: Décrets en Conseil d'Etat) ref: Journal 
Officiel du 13/01/1993, page 689. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  05/03/1993  soumettant  certains  équipements  de  travail  à 
l'obligation de faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à l'article 
R.233-11 du Code du travail ref: Journal Officiel du 17/03/1993, page 4149. 

Arrêté  ministériel  du  19/03/1993  fixant  la  liste  des  équipements  de  protection 
individuelle qui doivent faire l'objet des vérifications générales périodiques prévues à 
l'article  R.233-42-2  du  code  du  travail  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du  28/03/1993,  page 
5354. 

Ireland:  

1. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

Italy:  

1. 

2. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n.  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive  89/391/CEE, 
89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE,  90/394/CEE  e 
90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori 
sul luogo di lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n. 141 alla Gazzetta Ufficiale - Serie 
generale - del 12/11/1994 n. 265. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/03/1996  n.  242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n.  626,  recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie 
riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di 
lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n .75 alla Gazzetta Ufficiale - Serie generale - del 
06/05/1996 n. 104. 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  04/11/1994  concernant  les  prescriptions  minimales  de 
sécurité  et  de  santé  relatives  à  la  manutention  manuelle  de  charges  comportant  des 
risques, notamment dorso-lombaires pour les travailleurs ref: Mémorial Grand-Ducal 
A n° 96 du 17/11/1994, page 1850. 

Netherlands:  

1. 

Besluit van 27/01/1993, Staatsblad nummer 68 van 1993. 

96 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Besluit van 10/12/1992, Staatsblad nummer 677 van 1995. 

Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nummer 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  met  de  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nummer 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
(Beleidsregels 
gebied 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

Austria:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

Landarbeitsordnung , Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 9020-15. 

über 

Sicherheit 

und  Gesundheit 

der  Arbeit 
Bundesgesetz 
-  ASchG)  und  mit  dem  das  Allgemeine 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
das 
Sozialversicherungs-gesetz, 
Bauern-
Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
das 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden  ref:  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
ausgegeben am 17/06/1994. 

das  Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-gesetz, 
das 

1975, 
Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

Berggesetz 

das 

das 

bei 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 2015-1. 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Oö.  Landesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz  1998  -  Oö.  LBSG)  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Oberösterreich,  Nr. 
13/1998 ausgegeben und versendet am 27/02/1998. 

Bundesgesetz über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz der in Dienststellen des Bundes 
beschäftigten  Bediensteten  und  mit  dem  das  Beamten-Dienstrechtgesetz  1979,  das 
Vertragsbedienstetengesetz  1948,  das  Richterdienst  gesetz,  das  Bundes-  Personal 
vertretungsgesetz, 
das  Arbeitnehmer 
Inenschutzgesetz geändert werden ref: BGB für die Republik österreich. 30/04/1999, 
s. 54. 

das  Mutterschutzgesetz 

1979 

und 

NÖ-Landarbeitsordnung 1973 ref: LGBl 9020-18 - SG(2000)A/06629. 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref: 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

Gesetz  vom  12.  Juli  2001  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens,  der  Gesundheit  und  der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  der 
Sicherheit  der 
Gemeindeverbände 
(Burgenländisches 
Bedienstetenschutzgesetz  2001  -  Bgld.  BSchG  2001)  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  das 

beschäftigten 

Bediensteten 

97 

 
 
  
 
9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

Burgenland  Nr.  37/2001,  01/10/2001,  23.  Stück,  seite  199  (SG(2001)A/11419  du 
17/10/2001). 

Land- und forstwirrtschaftliche Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutz- Verordnung ref: 
LGBI n° 96, Jahrgang 2001, 13/11/2001, 41. Stück, Seite 461. 

Gesetz  vom  20/11/2001  über  das  Arbeitsrecht  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  - 
Steiermärkische  Landarbeitsordnung  2001  ref:  LGBl.  n°  39  du  12/04/2002  p.95 
(SG(2003)A/1209 du 03/02/2003). 

Verordnung  der  Salzburger  Landesregierung  vom  27/11/2002  über  die  Sicherheit 
und den Gesundheitsschutz bei der manuellen Handhabung von Lasten bei der Arbeit 
(Lasten-Verordnung)  ref:  LGBl.  Land  Salzburg  n°  101  du  20/12/2002  p.  325 
(SG(2003)A/1213 du 03/02/2003). 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigen  Bediensteten 
(Oö.Gemeindebediensteten-  Schutzgesetz  1999  -  Oö  GbSG)  ref:  LGBl  n°  15  vom 
15/02/2000 Seite 21. 

Verordnung der Oö. Landesregerung betreffend Vorschriften zum Schutz des Lebens 
und der Gesundheitschutz bei der manuellen Handhabung von Lasten bei der Arbeit 
(Oö.Lastenverordnung-Oö. LastV) ref: LGBl n° 8 vom 31/01/2003 Seite 15. 

Verordnung der Oö Landesregierung betreffend Vorschriften über die Sicherheit und 
den  Gesundheitsschutz  der 
in  den  Dienststellen  der  oö.  Gemeinden  und 
Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  bei  der  manuellen  Handhabung  von 
Lasten bei der Arbeit (Oö. Gemeinde-Lastenverordung - Oö. G-LastV) ref: LGBl. für 
Oberösterreich n° 49 vom 30/04/2003 p. 131 (SG(2003)A/4857 du 21/05/2003). 

Portugal:  

1. 

Decreto-Lei  n.  330/93  de  25/09/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva  n.  90/269/CEE,  do  Conselho,  de  29  de  Maio,  relativa  às  prescrições 
mínimas de segurança e de saúde na movimentação manual de cargas ref: Diário da 
República I Série A n. 226 de 25/09/1993 Página 5391. 

Finland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

Työturvallisuuslaki (299/58) 28/06/1958, muutos (144/93) 29/01/1993 

Työterveyshuoltolaki (743/78) 29/09/1978. 

Laki  työsuojelun  valvonnasta  ja  muutoksenhausta  työsuojeluasioissa  (131/73) 
16/02/1973. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös  käsin  tehtävistä  nostoista  ja  siirroista  työssä  (1409/93) 
22/12/1993. 

Sweden:  

1. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1160. 

98 

 
 
  
 
2. 

3. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1983:6, ändring AFS 1993:38. 

United Kingdom:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The Work Place (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The Provision and Use of Work Equipement Regulations 1992, ref: S.I. n° 2932 of 
1992. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work  Regulations  1992,  ref:  S.I.  n°  2966  of 
1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. 

The Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 ref: S.I. n° 500 
of 1977. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 ref: Statutory 
Rules of Northern Ireland n° 535 of 1992. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

The Health and Safety Order (Northern Ireland) 1978, ref: S.I. n° 1049 of 1978. 

The  Safety  Representatives  and  Safety  Committees  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1979 ref: Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland n° 437 of 1979. 

The  Manual  Handling  Operations,  Legal  Notice  No.  30,  ref:  Gibraltar  Gazette  of 
29/02/1996. 

The  Merchant  Shipping  and  Fishing  Vessels  (Manual  Handling  Operations) 
Regulations 1998. ref: S.I. n° 2857 of 1998 

NATIONAL  PROVISIONS  COMMUNICATED  BY  THE  MEMBER  STATES 
CONCERNING: 

Council  Directive  90/270/EEC  of  29  May  1990  on  the  minimum  safety  and  health 
requirements for work with display screen equipment (fifth individual Directive within 
the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) 

Belgium:  

1. 

Arrêté  royal  du  27/08/1993  relatif  au  travail  sur  des  équipements  à  écran  de 
visualisation  -  Koninklijk  besluit  van  27/08/1993  betreffende  het  werken  met 
beeldschermapparatuur ref: MB du 07/09/1993, page 19579. 

99 

 
 
  
 
Denmark:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Bekendtgørelse af 15/12/1992 om arbejde ved skærmterminaler. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om arbejdets udførelse. 

Bekendtgørelse af 18/12/1992 om virksomhedernes sikkerheds og sunhedsarbejde. 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om faste arbejdssteders indretning. 

Bekendtgørelse af 16/12/1992 om arbejdsmedicinske undersøgelser. 

Lov om arbejdsmiljø, Bekendtgørelse nr. 646 af 18/12/1985 med senere ændringer. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 58 af 09/02/1993 om arbejde ved skærmeterminale på havanlæg. 

Bekendtgørelse nr. 77 af 16/11/1987 om sikkerhed M. V. på havanlæg. 

Lov nr. 292 af 10/06/1981 om visse havanlæg. 

Germany:  

1. 

01  .  Unfallverhütungsvorschrift  vom  01/04/1977,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  --  02  . 
Unfallverhütungsvorschrift  vom  01/04/1979,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  --  03  . 
Bergverordnung zum gesundheitlichen Schutz der Beschäftigten (Gesundheitsschutz-
Bergverordnung  -  GesBergV)  vom  31/07/1991,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I  vom 
09/08/1991 Seite 1751 -- 04 . Verordnung zur Umsetzung von EG-Einzelrichtilinien 
zur  EG-Rahmenrichtlinie  Arbeitsschutz  vom  04/12/1996,  Bundesgesetzblatt  Teil  I 
vom 10/12/1996 Seite 1841. 

Greece:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Spain:  

1. 

Loi n° 1568 du 11/10/1985, FEK A n° 177 du 18/10/1985 Page 3335. 

Loi n° 1836 du 14/03/1989, FEK A n° 79 du 14/03/1989 Page 1071. 

Loi n° 1767/88 du 04/04/1988, FEK A n° 63 du 06/04/1988 Page 709. 

Décision ministérielle n° 130558 du 12/06/1989, FEK B n° 471 du 1989. 

Décret présidentiel n° 398 du 17/12/1994, FEK A n° 221 du 19/12/1994 Page 3987. 

Real Decreto n° 488/97 de 14/04/1997, sobre disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y 
salud  relativas  al  trabajo  con  equipos  que  incluyen  pantallas  de  visualización  ref: 
BOE n° 97 de 23/04/1997 Página 12928 (Marginal 8671). 

France:  

1. 

Décret n° 91-454 du 14 mai 1991 relatif à la prévention des risques liés au travail sur 
des  équipements  comportant  des  écrans  de  visualisation  ref:  Journal  Officiel  du 
16/05/1991, page 6497. 

100 

 
 
  
 
2. 

Circulaire du Ministère du travail, de l'emploi et de la formation professionnelle n° 
91-18 du 04 novembre 1991, relative à l'application du décret n° 91-451 du 14 mai 
1991  concernant  la  prévention  des  risques  liés  au  travail  sur  des  équipements 
comportant des écrans de visualisation. 

Ireland:  

1. 

The  Safety,  Health  and  Welfare  at  Work  (General  Application)  Regulations,  1993 
ref: S.I. n° 44 of 1993. 

Italy:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/09/1994  n.  626,  attuazione  delle  direttive  89/391/CEE, 
89/654/CEE,  89/655/CEE,  89/656/CEE,  90/269/CEE,  90/270/CEE,  90/394/CEE  e 
90/679/CEE riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori 
sul luogo di lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n. 141 alla GURI - Serie generale - 
del 12/11/1994 n. 265. 

Decreto  legislativo  del  19/03/1996  n.  242,  modifiche  ed  integrazioni  al  decreto 
legislativo  19  settembre  1994,  n.  626,  recante  attuazione  di  direttive  comunitarie 
riguardanti il miglioramento della sicurezza e della salute dei lavoratori sul luogo di 
lavoro ref: Supplemento ordinario n .75 alla GURI - Serie generale - del 06/05/1996 
n. 104 pag. 3. 

Legge 3 febbraio 2003, n.14 - Disposizioni per l'adempimento di obblighi derivanti 
dall'appartenenza  dell'Italia  alle  Comunita  europee.  Legge  comunitaria  2002  ref: 
GURI - Serie generale n° 31 del 07/02/2003 (SG(2003)A/4826 du 19/05/2003). 

Luxembourg:  

1. 

Règlement  grand-ducal  du  04/11/1994  concernant  les  prescriptions  minimales  de 
sécurité et de santé relatives au travail sur  les équipements  à écran  de visualisation 
ref: Mémorial grand-ducal A n° 96 du 17/11/1994, page 1853. 

Netherlands:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Besluit van 27/01/1993, Staatsblad nummer 68 van 1993. 

Besluit van 10/12/1992, Staatsblad nummer 677 van 1992. 

Regeling  houdende  bepalingen 
ter  uitvoering  van  bij  en  krachtens  de 
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet en enige andere wetten gestelde regels van 12/03/1997, 
uitgegeven als supplement bij de Staatscourant nummer 63 van 02/04/1997. 

Besluit  houdende  regels  in  het  belang  van  de  veiligheid,  de  gezondheid  en  het 
welzijn  in  verband  met  de  arbeid  (Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit)  van  15/01/1997, 
Staatsblad nummer 60 van 1997. 

Besluit  van  de  Staatssecretaris  van  Sociale  Zaken  en  Werkgelegenheid,  Directie 
Arbeidsomstandigheden, Arbo/AIS 9701436 tot vaststelling van beleidregels op het 
(Beleidsregels 
gebied 
arbeidsomstandighedenwetgeving) van 27/06/1997, uitgegeven als supplement bij de 
Staatscourant van 27/06/1997. 

Arbeidsomstandighenwetgeving 

van 

de 

101 

 
 
  
 
Austria:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Landarbeitsordnung , Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 9020-15. 

über 

Sicherheit 

und  Gesundheit 

der  Arbeit 
Bundesgesetz 
-  ASchG)  und  mit  dem  das  Allgemeine 
(ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz 
das 
Sozialversicherungs-gesetz, 
Bauern-
Arbeitsverfassungsgesetz, 
das 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz, 
Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz  1977  und  das  Ausländerbeschäftigungsgesetz 
geändert  werden,  Bundesgesetzblatt  für  die  Republik  Österreich  Nr.  450/1994, 
ausgegeben am 17/06/1994. 

das  Arbeitvertragsrechts-Anpassungs-gesetz, 
das 

1975, 
Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, 

Berggesetz 

das 

das 

bei 

Bediensteten-Schutzgesetz, Landesgesetzblatt für Niederösterreich, Nr. 2015-1. 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  des  Landes  beschäftigten  Bediensteten  (Oö.  Landesbediensteten-
Schutzgesetz 1998 - Oö. LBSG), Landesgesetzblatt für Oberösterreich, Nr. 13/1998 
ausgegeben und versendet am 27/02/1998. 

Bundesgesetz über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz der in Dienststellen des Bundes 
beschäftigten  Bediensteten  und  mit  dem  das  Beamten-Dienstrechtgesetz  1979,  das 
Vertragsbedienstetengesetz  1948,  das  Richterdienst  gesetz,  das  Bundes-  Personal 
das  Arbeitnehmer 
vertretungsgesetz, 
Inenschutzgesetz geändert werden. BGB für die Republik österreich. 30/04/1999, s. 
54. 

das  Mutterschutzgesetz 

1979 

und 

Gesetz, mit dem die Salzburger Landarbeitsordnung 1995 und die Salzburger Land- 
und  Forstwirtschaftliche  Berufsausbildungsordnung  1991  geändert  werden  ref  : 
LGBl. Nr. 126/2000, 28. Stück, 28/12/2000 page 297; SG(2001)3134 du 14/03/2001. 

land-  und 
Verordnung  der  Agrarbezirksbehörde  über  den  Schutz  der 
forstwirtschaftlichen  Dienstnehmer  bei  der  Bildschirmarbeit  ref  :  ABl.  Nr.  3/2001 
(Vorarlberg), 27/02/2001; SG(2001)A/4206 du 05/04/2001. 

Verordnung  der  Landesregierung  über  den  Schutz  der  Landes-  und 
Gemeindebediensteten 
(Landes-
der 
Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung - L-BSV) ref : LGBl. Nr. 9/2001 (Vorarlberg), Stück 7, 
page 47, 15/02/2001; SG(2001)A/4206 du 05/04/2001. 

Bildschirmarbeit 

bei 

Gesetz  vom  12.  Juli  2001  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens,  der  Gesundheit  und  der 
Sicherheit  der 
in  Dienststellen  des  Landes,  der  Gemeinden  und  der 
(Burgenländisches 
Gemeindeverbände 
Bedienstetenschutzgesetz 2001 - Bgld. BSchG 2001) ref : Landesgesetzblatt für das 
Burgenland  Nr.  37/2001,  01/10/2001,  23.  Stück,  Seite  199  (SG(2001)A/11419  du 
17/10/2001). 

beschäftigten 

Bediensteten 

Transposition  de  la  directive  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  für  Wien  Nr.  86/2001  du  16 
octobre 2001, Seite 497. 

Transposition  de  la  directive  ref:  LGBL.  Nr.  97/2001,  02/10/2001,  45.  Stück,  Seite 
254 (SG(2001) A/13088 du 03/12/2001). 

102 

 
 
  
 
12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

Verordnung  der  Salzburger  Landesregierung  vom  19.  September  2001  über  die 
Anforderungen  an  Bildschirmgeräte  und  Bildschirmarbeitsplätze  sowie  über  den 
Schutz  der  Bediensteten  bei  Bildschirmarbeit  (Bildschirmarbeits-  Verordnung  - 
BSAV)  ref:  Landesgesetzblatt  Land  Salzburg  31.  Stück,  Jahrgang  2001  du 
17/10/2001, Seite 287 (SG(2001) A/13905 du 03/01/2002). 

Land- und forstwirrtschaftliche Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutz- Verordnung ref: 
LGBI n° 96, Jahrgang 2001, 13/11/2001, 41. Stück, Seite 461. 

Verordnung  über  den  Schutz  der  Dienstnehmer  in  land-  und  forstwirtschaftlichen 
Betriebe  bei  der  Bildschirmarbeit  (NÖ  LFW  BS-VO)  ref:  LGBl.  n°  9020/8-0  du 
29/08/2002. 

Verordnung  der  Salzburger  Landesregierung  vom  10/07/2002  mit  der  die 
Bildschirmarbeits-Verordnung  geändert  wird  ref:  LGBl.  Land  Salzburg  n°  71  du 
16/08/2002 p. 273. 

Verordnung der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung vom 08/07/2002 über den Schutz 
der  Arbeitnehmer/innen  bei  Bildschirmarbeit  (BS-VO)  ref:  LGBl.  n°  85  du 
13/08/2002 p. 363. 

Verordnung der Burgenländischen Landesregierung vom 4/03/2002 über den Schutz 
der  Dienstnehmer  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  bei  der  Bildschirmarbeit  ref: 
LGBl.  für  das  Burgenland  n°  41  du  18/03/2002  p.  125  (SG(2003)A/1095  du 
30/01/2003). 

Verordnung  der  Oö  Landesregierung  über  den  Schutz  der  Dienstnehmerinnen  und 
Dienstnehmer  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  bei  der  Bildschirmarbeit  (Oö 
Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung - Land- und Forstwirtschaft - Oö. BSV - LF) ref: LGBl. 
für Oberösterreich n° 99 du 30/10/2002 p. 631 (SG(2003)A/1094 du 30/01/2003). 

Gesetz  vom  20/11/2001  über  das  Arbeitsrecht  in  der  Land-  und  Forstwirtschaft  - 
Steiermärkische  Landarbeitsordnung  2001  ref:  LGBl.  n°  39  du  12/04/2002  p.95 
(SG(2003)A/1209 du 03/02/2003). 

Landesgesetz  über  den  Schutz  des  Lebens  und  der  Gesundheit  der  in  den 
Dienststellen  der  Gemeinden  und  Gemeindeverbände  beschäftigen  Bediensteten 
(Oö.Gemeindebediensteten-  Schutzgesetz  1999  -  Oö  GbSG)  ref:  LGBl  n°  15  vom 
15/02/2000 Seite 21. 

Gesetz  vom  20/03/2003,  mit  dem  das  Landesvertragsbedienstetengesetz  1985 
geändert wird (14. Novelle zum Landesvertragsbedienstetengesetz 1985) ref: LGBl. 
für  das  Land  Burgenland  n°  29  vom  04/06/2003  p.  95  (SG(2003)A/07223  du 
31/07/2003). 

Portugal:  

1. 

Decreto-Lei  n.  349/93  de  01/10/1993.  Transpõe  para  a  ordem  jurídica  interna  a 
Directiva  n.  90/270/CEE,  do  Conselho,  de  29  de  Maio,  relativa  às  prescrições 
mínimas de segurança e de saúde respeitantes ao trabalho com equipamentos dotados 
de visor ref: Diário da República I Série A n. 231 de 01/10/1993 Página 5554. 

103 

 
 
  
 
2. 

Portaria n. 989/93 de 06/10/1993. Estabelece as prescrições mínimas de segurança e 
saúde  respeitantes  ao  trabalho  com  equipamentos  dotados  de  visor  ref:  Diário  da 
República I Série B n. 234 de 06/10/1993 Página 5603. 

Finland:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

Työturvallisuuslaki (299/58), muutos (144/93). 

Työterveyshuoltolaki (743/78) 29/09/1978. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös  työnantajan  velvollisuudeksi  säädetystä  työterveyshuollosta 
(1009/78) 14/12/1978. 

Valtioneuvoston  päätös 
aiheuttavissa töissä (1672/92) 30/12/1992. 

terveystarkastuksista  erityistä 

sairastumisen  vaaraa 

Advice  on  Occupational  Health  Care  given  by  Ministry  of  Social  and  Health  (No. 
123/102/93). 

Laki  työsuojelun  valvonnasta  ja  muutoksenhausta  työsuojeluasioissa  (131/73),  uusi 
nimi (29/87). 

Valtioneuvoston päätös näyttöpäätetyöstä (1405/93) 22/12/1993. 

Sweden:  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Arbetsmiljölag, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1160. 

Arbetsmiljöförordning, Svensk författningssamling (SFS) 1977:1166. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med 
arbetsmiljön, Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1992:6. 

föreskrifter  om 

interkontroll  av 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens  kungörelse  med  föreskrifter  om  arbete  vid  bildskärm, 
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1992:14. 

Arbetarskyddsstyrelsens författningssamling (AFS) 1996:6. 

United Kingdom: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2051 of 
1992. 

The Work Place (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 3004 of 
1992. 

The  Provision  and  Use  of  Work  Equipement  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2932  of 
1992. 

The  Personal  Protective  Equipment  at  Work  Regulations  1992  ref:  S.I.  n°  2966  of 
1992. 

The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ref: S.I. n° 2793 of 1992. 

104 

 
 
  
 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

The  Health  and  Safety  (Display  Screen  Equipment)  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1992 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 513 of 1992. 

The  Health  and  Safety  at  Work  Order  (Northern  Ireland)  1978  ref:  S.R.  Northern 
Ireland n° 1039 of 1978. 

The  Safety  Representatives  and  Safety  Commitees  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland) 
1979 ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 437 of 1979. 

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 
ref: S.R. Northern Ireland n° 459 of 1992. 

10. 

The  General  Ophthalmic  Services  Regulations  (Northern  Ireland)  1986  ref:  S.R. 
Northern Ireland n° 163 of 1986. 

11. 

Legal Notice (Gibraltar) (Display Screen Equipment) number 26 of 29/02/1996. 

105