Glossary for transport statistics : document prepared by the Intersecretariat Working Group on Transport Statistics : third edition.
Date: 2003-10-30
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: carriage of goods, combined transport, dictionary, inland waterway shipping, maritime transport, pipeline transport, rail transport, road transport, transport statistics

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Glossary for 
transport statistics
Document prepared by the 
Intersecretariat Working 
Group on Transport Statistics

Third edition

7

THEME 7
Transport

E U R O P E A N
C O M M I S S I O N

 
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© United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 2003
© European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 2003

Final gloss GB2  29/07/03  19:29  Page 1

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ECONOMIC
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GLOSSARY

for Transport
Statistics

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(75 2000 07 1 P 1)  ISBN 92-821-1259-4

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UNITED NATIONS

 
 
 
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures.  

Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 

NOTE 

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The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of 
any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city 
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The present edition was prepared by the Intersecretariat Working Group (IWG.Trans), comprising Miroslav
N. Jovanovic (UNECE), Mario Barreto (ECMT), and Hans Strelow (Eurostat).

Numerous national experts and officials of international and non-governmental organizations were consulted
on  the  different  chapters.  Different  stages  of  the  revision  process  were  reviewed  and  approved  by  the
members of the UNECE Working Party on Transport Statistics (WP.6).

Comments were received during various stages of preparation of the revised Railway Transport chapter from
Gilles  Gardiol  (UIC),  Erik  Grib  (Statistics  Denmark)  and  Lars  Sjöberg  (Banverket  Sweden),  who  also
provided  major  specific  inputs  and  whose  assistance  is  gratefully  acknowledged.  Revisions  on  the  Railway
Transport chapter were discussed at a Rail Working Group meeting organized by Eurostat in Luxembourg in
October 2002.

The  completely  revised  Maritime  chapter  was  prepared  by  Eurostat  with  the  assistance  of  the  competent
national  authorities.  Richard  Butchart  (Artemis  Information  Management)  was  principal  consultant  and
adviser. Revisions were approved at a Maritime Working Group meeting in Luxembourg in January 2003.

Research,  overall  coordination  and  linguistic  revision  were  carried  out  by  Susanna  Garavana  Aktipis
(Eurostat).

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

page

Introduction

A.

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

B. 

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.

C.

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

D.

Railway Transport

Infrastructure
Transport equipment (vehicles)
Enterprises, economic performance and employment
Traffic
Transport measurement
Energy consumption

Road Transport

Infrastructure
Transport equipment (vehicles)
Enterprises, economic performance and employment
Traffic
Transport measurement
Energy consumption
Road accidents

Inland Waterway Transport

Infrastructure
Transport equipment (vessel)
Enterprises, economic performance and employment
Traffic
Transport measurement
Energy consumption

Oil Pipeline Transport

I/II.
III.
IV/V.
VI.

Infrastructure / Transport equipment 
Enterprises, economic performance and employment
Traffic / Transport measurement
Energy consumption

Maritime Transport

Infrastructure
Transport equipment (vessel)
Enterprises, economic performance and employment
Traffic
Transport measurement
Energy consumption

Intermodal Transport

Introduction
Equipment

E.

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

F.

I.
II.

Index

3

  5

  7

  9
 12
 17
 20
 22
 27

 29

 31
 32
 37
 40
 42
 45
 47

 51

 53
 54
 57
 59
 61
 65

 67

 69
 69
 72
 74

 77

 79
 82
 86
 91
 93
 99

101

103
104

107

  
INTRODUCTION

The Glossary for Transport Statistics was published for the first time in 1994 with the purpose of assisting
member  countries  during  the  collection  of  data  on  transport  made  by  the  UNECE,  ECMT  and  Eurostat
through the Common Questionnaire.

The  present  third  edition  is  the  result  of  the  valuable  cooperation  between  the  three  organizations,  that  -
through  the  action  of  the  Intersecretariat  Working  Group  -  put  a  constant  effort  into  meeting  the  need  to
harmonize  transport  statistics  at  the  international  level.  The  Glossary  now  comprises  533  definitions  and
represents  a  point  of  reference  for  all  those  involved  in  transport  statistics.  By  following  the  guidance
expressed in these definitions, a considerable contribution will be given to the improvement in quality of data
and their comparability.

The completely revised Rail chapter is the fruit of a complex process of research on the present rail market
situation  and  a  long  run  of  discussions  among  experts.  The  Maritime  chapter  has  also  been  completely
revised and remarkably enlarged. All revisions take into account the more recent European legal acts in each
specific  domain  as  well  as  definitions  in  use  within  related  international  organizations  (such  as  the
International Union of Railways and the International Maritime Organization, among others). A completely
new section about road safety, as well as four new items concerning transport equipment, has been added to
the  Road  chapter.  The  English,  French  and  Russian  versions  will  possibly  be  followed  by  all  the  other
languages of the European Union.

Work will continue in the context of IWG.Trans on terminology related to rail accidents statistics, waterway
and  pipeline  transport  statistics,  as  well  as  statistics  on  the  environmental  impact  of  transport,  for  possible
inclusion  in  future  editions  of  the  Glossary.  The  Glossary  for  Transport  Statistics,  third  edition,  will  be
available on the Internet at the three organizations home pages (see below).

For any information on this publication, please contact :
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE (UNECE)
Miroslav N. Jovanovic, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10
E-mail: Miroslav.Jovanovic@unece.org
Internet: http://www.unece.org
EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT (ECMT)
Mario Barreto, 2/4 rue Louis David, F-75016 Paris
E-mail: Mario.Barreto@oecd.org
Internet: http://www.oecd.org/cem
EUROSTAT
Hans Strelow, Transport Statistics Unit, L-2920 Luxembourg
E-mail: Hans.Strelow@cec.eu.int
Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/

Notice

The explanatory notes in italics, given in some cases below the definitions, are intended to assist countries in
filling in questionnaires and are not part of the definitions themselves.

5

A

RAILWAY TRANSPORT

7

Metro and light rail transport are excluded, unless otherwise specified.
Trams are included under the road chapter.

A. Railway Transport

A.I.

INFRASTRUCTURE

A.I-01. Railway

Line of communication made up by rail exclusively for the use of railway vehicles.

Line of communication is part of space equipped for the execution of transport.

A.I-02. Metro

An electric railway for the transport of passengers with the capacity for a heavy volume of traffic
and  characterised  by  exclusive  rights-of-way,  multi-car  trains,  high  speed  and  rapid  acceleration,
sophisticated signalling to allow a high frequency of trains, and high platform load. Metros are also
characterised  by  frequent  stations,  normally  meaning  a  distance  of  700  -  1  200  m  between  the
stations.

“High speed” refers to the comparison with trams and light rail, and means here approximately
30-40 km/h on shorter distances, 40-70 km/h on longer distances.
Also known as ”subway”, “metropolitan railway” or “underground”.

A.I-03. Light rail

A  railway  for  the  transport  of  passengers  that  often  uses  electrically  powered  rail-borne  cars
operating singly or in short trains on fixed duo-rail lines. Stations/stops generally have a distance
between them of less than 1 200 m.

In  comparison  to  metros,  light  rail  is  more  lightly  constructed,  is  designed  for  lower  traffic
volumes and usually travels at lower speeds.
It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  make  a  precise  distinction  between  light  rail  and  trams;  trams  are
generally  not  separated  from  road  traffic,  whereas  light  rail  may  be  separated  from  other
systems.

A.I-04. Railway network

All railways in a given area.

This  does  not  include  stretches  of  road  or  water  even  if  rolling  stock  should  be  conveyed  over
such routes, e.g. by wagon-carrying trailers or ferries. Lines solely used for turistic purposes are
excluded  as  are  railways  constructed  solely  to  serve  mines,  forests  or  other  industrial  or
agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public traffic.

A.I-05. Track

A pair of rails over which railway vehicles can run.

9

A. Railway Transport

A.I-06. Track gauge

Distance between a pair of rails measured between the inside edges of the rail heads.

The following track gauges are in use:
Standard gauge: 
Large gauge:

1.435 m
1.524 m (example Finland)
1.600 m (example Ireland)
1.668 m (example Portugal)
0.60 m, 0.70 m, 0.75 m, 0.76 m, 0.785 m, 0.90 m, 1.00 m.

Narrow gauge:

“Large gauge” is sometimes referred to as “broad gauge”.

A.I-07. Rail loading gauge

The profile through which a railway vehicle and its loads must pass, taking into account tunnels and
track side obstacles.

There are 3 international gauges, agreed by UIC:
A GAUGE:
Total height 3.85 m above the rail and 1.28 m on either side of the track axle.
B GAUGE:
Total height 4.08 m above the rail and 1.28 m on either side of the track axle.
C GAUGE:
Total height 4.65 m above the rail and 1.45 m on either side of the track axle.
Another gauge of particular significance is the B+ GAUGE, for which the total height is 4.18 m
above the rail and 1.36 m on either side of the track axle.
More generally, there are many other gauges recognised by rail networks.

A.I-08. Running track

A track providing end-to-end line continuity designed for trains between stations or places indicated
in tariffs as independent points of departure or arrival for the conveyance of passengers or goods.

A.I-09. Electrified track

Track provided with an overhead trolley wire or with conductor rail to permit electric traction.

A.I-10. Sidings

Tracks branching off running tracks.

The  length  of  sidings  is  included  in  the  length  of  tracks  if  the  sidings  managed  by  the
infrastructure manager, private sidings being excluded.

A.I-11. Private siding

Track or set of tracks which are not managed by the infrastructure manager but are linked up with
the track of an infrastructure manager so that

a) Railway undertakings or supportive functions can perform necessary activities.

b)  Industrial,  commercial  or  port,  etc.  establishment  or  group  of  establishments  can  be  served  by
rail without transshipment.

10

A. Railway Transport

A.I-12. Line

One  or  more  adjacent  running  tracks  forming  a  route  between  two  points.  Where  a  section  of
network  comprises  two  or  more  lines  running  alongside  one  another,  there  are  as  many  lines  as
routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively.

A.I-13. Dedicated high speed line

A line specially built to allow traffic at speeds generally equal to or greater than 250 km/h for the
main segments.

High speed lines may include connecting lines, in particular junctions with town centre stations
located on them, on which speeds may take account of local conditions.

A.I-14. Upgraded high speed line

A conventional line specially upgraded to allow traffic at speeds of the order of 200 km/h for the
main segments.

They  include  specially  upgraded  high  speed  lines  which  have  special  features  as  a  result  of
topographical, relief or town-planning constraints, on which the speed must be adapted for each
case.

A.I-15. Length of lines operated

The total length of line operated for passenger transport, goods transport, or for both.

When a line is operated simultaneously by several railway bodies it will be counted only once.

A.I-16. Electrified line

Line with one or more electrified running tracks.

Sections  of  lines  adjacent  to  stations  that  are  electrified  only  to  permit  shunting  and  not
electrified as far as the next stations are to be counted as non-electrified lines.

A.I-17. Types of electric power

The following types of electric current are in use:

-- AC

-- DC

25 000 Volts, 50 Hz
15 000 Volts, 16 2/3 Hz
  3 000 Volts
  1 500 Volts
     750 Volts
     660 Volts
     630 Volts

A.I-18. Maximum operating speed

The highest speed allowed on commercial service taking into account technical characteristics of the
infrastructure.

11

A. Railway Transport

A.II.

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT  (VEHICLE)

A.II-01. Railway vehicle

Mobile  equipment  running  exclusively  on  rails,  moving  either  under  its  own  power  (tractive
vehicles) or hauled by another vehicle (coaches, railcar trailers, vans and wagons).

The following vehicles are included in the statistics for a railway body:

a) All railway vehicles belonging to the railway body and hired by it and actually at its disposal,
including those under or waiting for repair, or stored in working or non working-order, and
foreign vehicles at the disposal of the body and vehicles of the body temporarily engaged in
the normal course of running abroad.

b) Private owners' wagons, i.e. those not belonging to the railway body but authorized to run for
it  under  specified  conditions,  together  with  wagons  hired  out  by  the  railway  body  to  third
parties and being operated as private owners' wagons.

Statistics for a railway body exclude vehicles not at its disposal, i.e.

a) Foreign vehicles or vehicles not belonging to the railway body circulating on the railway

network.

b) Vehicles which are on hire to, or otherwise at the disposal of, other railway bodies.

c) Vehicles  reserved  exclusively  for  service  transport,  or  intended  for  sale,  braking-up  or

condemning.

A.II-02. High speed railway vehicle

A railway vehicle designed to travel at a cruising speed of at least 250 km/h on dedicated high speed
lines.

On some segments the cruising speed may be lower, according to the local conditions.

A.II-03. High speed tilting railway vehicle

A railway vehicle with a tilting system designed to have a cruising speed of the order of 200 km/h
or above on upgraded high speed lines.

On some segments the cruising speed may be lower, according to the local conditions.

A.II-04. Conventional high speed railway vehicle

Any railway vehicle not specially designed to run on dedicated or upgraded high speed lines but still
being able to reach a maximum crusing speed of aproximately 200 km/h

12

A. Railway Transport

A.II-05. Trainset

Indivisible  block  of  railcar(s)  and  railcar  trailer(s)  or  locomotive(s)  and  passenger  railway
vehicle(s).

Included  are  trainsets  that  are  technically  divisible  but  are  normally  kept  in  the  same
configuration.
A trainset could be coupled to another one.
Sometimes traction may be distributed throughout the trainset.

A.II-06. Tractive vehicle

A  vehicle  equipped  with  prime  mover  and  motor,  or  with  motor  only,  intended  solely  for  hauling
other vehicles (a "locomotive") or for both hauling other vehicles and for the carriage of passengers
and/or goods (a "railcar").

A.II-07. Locomotive

Tractive railway vehicle with a power of 110 kW and above at the draw hook equipped with prime
mover and motor or with motor only used for hauling railway vehicles.

Light rail motor tractors are excluded.

A.II-08. Light rail motor tractor

Tractive railway vehicle with a power of less than 110 kW at the draw hook.

Normally  used  for  shunting  or  for  work  trains  and  short-distance  or  low-tonnage  terminal
services.

A.II-09. Steam locomotive

Locomotive, whether cylinder or turbine driven, in which the source of power is steam irrespective
of the type of fuel used.

A.II-10. Electric locomotive

Locomotive  with  one  or  more  electric  motors,  deriving  current  primarily  from  overhead  wires  or
conductor rails or from accumulators carried on the locomotive.

A  locomotive  so  equipped  which  has  also  an  engine  (diesel  or  other)  to  supply  current  to  the
electric  motor  when  it  cannot  be  obtained  from  an  overhead  wire  or  from  a  conductor  rail  is
classed as an electric locomotive.

A.II-11. Diesel locomotive

Locomotive,  the  main  source  of  power  of  which  is  a  diesel  engine,  irrespective  of  the  type  of
transmission installed.

However, diesel-electric locomotives equipped to derive power from an overhead wire or from a
conductor rail are classed as electric locomotives.

13

A. Railway Transport

A.II-12. Railcar

Tractive railway vehicle with motor constructed for the conveyance of passengers or goods by rail.
The definition of the various categories of locomotives (electric, diesel) apply, mutatis mutandis, to
railcars.

A block composed of railcars and railcar trailers can be referred to as:
"multiple units" if it is modular
" trainset" if it is fixed.

In motor vehicle statistics, each railcar in an indivisible set is counted separately; in statistics of
passenger vehicles and goods vehicles, each body fitted to carry passengers or goods is counted
as a unit.

A.II-13. Passenger railway vehicle

Railway vehicle for the conveyance of passengers, even if it comprises one or more compartments
or spaces specially reserved for luggage, parcels, mail, etc.

These  vehicles  include  special  vehicles  such  as  sleeping  cars,  saloon  cars,  dining  cars  and
ambulance cars. Each separate vehicle of an indivisible set for the conveyance of passengers is
counted as a passenger railway vehicle. Included are railcars if they are designed for passenger
transport.

A.II-14. Railcar trailer

Non-tractive passenger railway vehicle coupled to one or more railcars.

Vehicles for the transport of goods, even when pulled by a railcar, are referred to as wagons.

A.II-15. Coach

Passenger railway vehicle other than a railcar or a railcar trailer.

A.II-16. Number of seats and berths

The number of seats and berths  available in a passenger vehicle when performing the service for
which it is intended.

Seats in dining coaches and buffet compartments places are excluded.

A.II-17. Number of standing places

The  number  of  authorized  standing  places  available  in  a  passenger  vehicle  when  performing  the
service for which it is intended.

A.II-18. Van

Non-tractive railway vehicle forming part of a passenger or goods train and used by the train crew
as well as, if need be, for the conveyance of luggage, parcels, bicycles, etc.

Vehicles  possessing  one  or  more  passenger  compartments  must  not  be  counted  as  vans  but  as
passenger  railway  vehicles.  Mail  vans,  belonging  to  railway  bodies,  are  included  under  vans
when they do not have a passenger compartment.

14

A.II-19. Wagon

Railway vehicle normally intended for the transport of goods.

Railcars and railcar trailers fitted only for the conveyance of goods are included.

A. Railway Transport

A.II-20. Railway body-owned wagon

Any wagon belonging to a railway body.

Excluded are privately-owned wagons.

A.II-21. Privately-owned wagon

Wagon  not  belonging  to  a  railway  body,  but  at  its  disposal  and  authorized  to  run  for  it  under
specified conditions, or wagon hired out by a railway body to third parties.

A.II-22. Covered wagon

Wagon  characterized  by  its  closed  construction  (solid  sides  all  the  way  up  and  roof)  and  by  the
safety it provides for the goods conveyed in it (possibility of padlocking and sealing).

Wagons with opening roof as well as insulated, heated and refrigerated are included.

A.II-23. Insulated wagon

Covered wagon of which the body is built with insulating walls, doors, floor and roof, by which the
heat  exchanges  between  the  inside  and  outside  of  the  body  can  be  so  limited  that  the  overall
coefficient of heat transfer (K coefficient), is such that the equipment is assignable to one or other
of the following two categories:

IN = Normally insulated equipment - characterized by a K coefficient equal to or less than

0.7 W/m2 oC

IR = Heavily insulated equipment - characterized by a K coefficient equal to or less than

0.4 W/m2 oC

A.II-24. Refrigerated wagon

Insulated  wagon  using  a  source  of  cold  (natural  ice,  with  or  without  the  addition  of  salt;  eutectic
plates;  dry  ice,  with  or  without  sublimation  control;  liquefied  gases,  with  or  without  evaporation
control; etc.) other than a mechanical or "absorption" unit.
Such  a  wagon  is  capable,  with  a  mean  outside  temperature  of  +  30o  C,  of  lowering  the
temperature inside the empty body to, and thereafter maintaining it :

- at + 7o C maximum in the case of class A;
- at -10o C maximum in the case of class B;
- at -20o C maximum in the case of class C; and
- at   0o C maximum in the case of class D,
with the aid of appropriate refrigerants and fittings.

15

A. Railway Transport

A.II-25. Mechanically refrigerated wagon

Insulated wagon either fitted with its own refrigerating appliance, or served jointly with other units
of transport equipment by such an appliance (mechanical compressor, "absorption" unit, etc.).

Such  a  wagon  shall  be  capable,  with  a  mean  outside  temperature  of  +  30o  C,  of  lowering  the
temperature inside the empty body to, and thereafter maintaining it continuously in the  following
manner  at  any  desired  practically  constant  value  t1  in  conformity  with  the  standards  defined
below for the three classes:
Class A. Mechanically refrigerated wagon fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that t1  

may be chosen between +12oC and 0o C  inclusive.

Class B. Mechanically refrigerated wagon fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that t1  

may be chosen between +12o C and -10o C inclusive.

Class C. Mechanically refrigerated wagon fitted with a refrigerating appliance such that t1  

may be chosen between +12o C and -20o C  inclusive.

A.II-26. Heated wagon

Insulated wagon fitted with a heat-producing appliance.

Such  a  wagon  is  capable  of  raising  the  temperature  inside  the  empty  body  to,  and  thereafter
maintaining  it  for  not  less  than  12  hours  without  renewal  of  supply  at,  a  practically  constant
value of not less than +12o C when the mean outside temperature of the body is that indicated for
the two classes:

Class A. Heated equipment for use when the mean outside temperature is - 10o C; and,

Class B. Heated equipment for use when the mean outside temperature is - 20o C.

A.II-27. High sided wagon

Wagon with no roof and with rigid sides higher than 60 cm.

A.II-28. Flat wagon

Wagon without roof or sides, or wagon without roof but with sides not higher than 60 cm, or swing-
bolster wagon, of ordinary or special type.

Wagons designed exclusively to carry containers, swap-bodies or goods vehicles are excluded.

A.II-29. Tank wagon

Wagon designed for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

A.II-30. Silo wagon

Wagons for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flower, plaster, etc.

A.II-31. Wagon for intermodal transport

Wagon  specially  built  or  equiped  for  the  transport  of  intermodal  transport  units  (ITUs)  or  other
goods road vehicles. (Same as F.II-10)

16

A. Railway Transport

A.II-32. Carrying capacity of wagon

The carrying capacity of wagon is the maximum authorized weight it can carry.

A.III. ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

A.III-01. Railway body

Any private or public body acting mainly as a railway undertaking, an infrastructure manager or as
an integrated company.

A  body  whose  main  business  is  not  related  to  railways  should  be  included  if  it  has  a  railway
market share that is not marginal. Only the activities related to railways should be reported.

A.III-02. Railway undertaking

Any  public  or  private  undertaking  which  provides  services  for  the  transport  of  goods  and/or
passengers by rail.

Included are all undertakings that dispose of/provide traction. Excluded are railway undertakings
which operate entirely or mainly within industrial and similar installations, including harbours,
and  railways  undertakings  which  mainly  provide  local  tourist  services,  such  as  preserved
historical steam railways.
Sometimes the term “railway operator” is used.

A.III-03. Infrastructure manager

Any public body or undertaking responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining railway
infrastructure, as well as for operating the control and safety systems.

An infrastructure manager can delegate to another railway body the following tasks: maintaining
railway infrastructure, as well as operating the control and safety system.

A.III-04. Integrated company

Railway undertaking also being an infrasructure manager.

A.III-05. Employment

Average number of persons working during the given period in a railway body, as well as persons
working outside the body but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Statistics should include all full-time equivalent employees performing all principal and ancillary
activities  of  the    (railway  operation,  renewal,  new  construction,  road  and  shipping  services,
electricity generation, hotels and restaurants, etc.).

17

A. Railway Transport

A.III-06. Types of employment

The main categories of employment being considered are:

-- General administration
Includes central and regional management staff (e.g. finance, legal, personnel etc.) and
boards of  directors.
The management staff of specialist departments (operations and traffic, traction and rolling 
stock, ways and works) are excluded but are taken into account in the statistics specific to each  of
these services.

-- Operations and traffic
Station staff (excluding staff operating control and safety systems), train crews (excluding
tractive units crews) and associated central and regional offices. Includes tourism
and advertising.

-- Traction and rolling stock
Tractive units crews, workshop, inspection staff and associated central and regional offices.

-- Way and works
Permanent way maintenance and supervision staff (including staff operating control and
safety systems).

-- Other operations
Passenger and goods road services, shipping services, electric power plants, hotel staff etc.

A.III-07. Turnover

Total  amount  invoiced  by  a  railway  body  during  the  period  under  review.  This  corresponds  to
market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. Turnover includes all duties and taxes on
the goods or services invoiced by the body with the exception of VAT invoiced by the unit vis-à-vis
its customers. It also includes all other charges to the customers. Reduction in prices, rebates and
discounts as well as the value of returned packing must be deducted, but not cash discounts.

Turnover  does  not  include  sales  of  fixed  assets.  Operation  subsidies  received  from  public
authorities are also excluded.

A.III-08. Revenues

Amounts  expressed  in  monetary  units  which  are  entered  in  the  accounts  as  credit  to  the  railway
body.

A.III-09. Types of revenues

The main categories of revenues to be considered are:

-- Revenues from transport operations
This category includes goods and passenger traffic revenues.

-- Amounts received from the State or other public bodies
This category includes compensation receipts and other subsidies.

-- Other revenues
This category includes revenues not related to transport activities, e.g. financial revenues etc.

18

A.III-10. Costs

The  amount  of  available  resources  spent  by  a  railway  body  in  conjunction  with  an  operation  or
service, or with a series of operations and services.

A. Railway Transport

A.III-11. Types of costs

The main categories of costs being considered are:

-- Labour costs
Including wages and salaries of active staff, pensions, various social charges etc.

-- Material and service costs
Including purchase of other material and services provided by third parties but excludes energy
consumption costs for traction purposes.

-- Energy consumption costs
Including amounts allocated for the quantity of energy for traction purposes.

-- Taxes

-- Financial charges

-- Other costs
Including amounts allocated to depreciation and provisions etc.

A.III-12. Value added

Gross output (sales or receipts and other income, plus inventory change) of a railway body less the
value of its intermediate consumption. Value added of domestic production of all railway bodies in
a country is equal to their contribution to the GDP of that country.

It is understood that value added, in this context, is expressed in market prices.

A.III-13. Tangible investment

The outlay (purchases and own account production) of a railway body on additions of new and used
capital  goods  (commodities)  to  their  stocks  of  fixed  capital  assets  less  their  net  sales  of  similar
second-hand and scrapped goods.

The contribution of all railway bodies to the gross fixed capital formation of a country is equal to
the total of their tangible investments less the balance between the purchase and sale of land.

A.III-14. Investment expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure on new construction and extension of existing infrastructure, including reconstruction,
renewal and major repairs of infrastructure.

Infrastructure  includes  land,  permanent  way  constructions,  buildings,  bridges  and  tunnels,  as
well  as  immovable  fixtures,  fittings  and  installations  connected  with  them  (signalling,
telecommunications, catenaries, electricity sub-stations, etc.) as opposed to rolling stock.

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A. Railway Transport

A.III-15. Investment expenditures on rolling stock

Expenditure for purchase of the new railway vehicles.

A.III-16. Maintenance expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure for keeping infrastructure in working order.

A.III-17. Maintenance expenditure on rolling stock

Expenditure for keeping railway vehicles in working order.

A.IV. TRAFFIC

A.IV-01. Railway traffic

Any movement of a railway vehicle on lines operated.

When  a  railway  vehicle  is  being  carried  on  another  vehicle  only  the  movement  of  the  carrying
vehicle (active mode) is considered.

A.IV-02. Shunting

Operation of moving a rail vehicle or set of rail vehicles inside a railway station or other railway
installations (depot, workshop, marshalling yard, etc.)

A.IV-03. Railway traffic on national territory

Any movement of railway vehicles within a national territory  irrespective of the country in which
these  vehicles are registered.

A.IV-04. Railway vehicle journey

Any  movement  of  a  railway  vehicle  from  a  specified  point  of  origin  to  a  specified  point  of
destination.

A  journey can be divided into a number of sections or stages.

A.IV-05. Train

One  or  more  railway  vehicles  hauled  by  one  or  more  locomotives  or  railcars,  or  one  railcar
travelling alone, running under a given number or specific designation from an initial fixed point to
a terminal fixed point.

A light engine, i.e. a locomotive travelling on its own, is not considered to be a train.

20

A. Railway Transport

A.IV-06. Types of train

The main categories being considered are:

-- Goods train: Train for the carriage  of  goods  composed  of  one  or  more  wagons  and,  possibly,

vans moving either empty or under load.

-- Passenger  train:  Train  for  the  carriage  of  passengers  composed  of  one  or  more  passenger

railway vehicles and, possibly, vans moving either empty or under load.
-- Mixed train: Train composed of passenger railway vehicles and of wagons.
-- Other trains: Trains moving solely for the requirements of the railway body, which involve

no commercial traffic.

A.IV-07. Train-kilometre

Unit of measure representing the movement of a train over one kilometre.

The distance to be covered is the distance actually run.

A.IV-08. Tractive vehicle-kilometre

Unit  of  measure  representing  any  movement  of  an  active  tractive  vehicle  over  a  distance  of  one
kilometre.

Tractive vehicles running light are included. Shunting movements are excluded

A.IV-09. Hauled vehicle-kilometre

Unit of measure representing any movement of a hauled vehicle over one kilometre.

Railcars movements are included. Shunting movements are excluded.

A.IV-10. Tonne-kilometre offered

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  of  one  tonne  available  in  a  wagon  when    performing
services for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The  distance  to  be  considered  is  that  actually  run.  Shunting  and  other  similar  movements  are
excluded.

A.IV-11. Wagon-kilometre

Unit  of  measure  representing  any  movement  of  a  wagon  loaded  or  empty  over  a  distance  of  one
kilometre.

The  distance  to  be  considered  is  that  actually  run.  Shunting  and  other  similar  movements  are
excluded. All wagon journeys are included irrespective of the ownership of the wagon.

A.IV-12. Seat-kilometre offered

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  of  one  seat  available  in  a  passenger  railway  vehicle
when performing the services for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The  distance  to  be  considered  is  that  actually  run.  Shunting  and  other  similar  movements  are
excluded.

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A. Railway Transport

A.IV-13. Gross-gross tonne-kilometre hauled

Unit of measure representing the movement over a distance of one kilometre of one tonne of railway
vehicle including the weight of tractive vehicle.

Included  are  weight  of:  tractive  unit,  hauled  railway  vehicle  and  its  load.  Passengers  and  their
luggage are excluded. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.

A.IV-14. Gross tonne-kilometre hauled

Unit of measure representing the movement over a distance of one kilometre of one tonne of hauled
vehicles (and railcars) and contents.

The weight of railcars is included, whereas the weight of locomotives is excluded. Passengers and
their luggage are excluded. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.

A.V.

TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

A.V-01. Railway transport

Any movement of goods and/or passengers using a railway vehicle on a given railway network.

When a railway vehicle is being carried on another rail vehicle only the movement of the carrying
vehicle (active mode) is being considered.

A.V-02. Types of railway transport

The main categories are:

-- Revenue earning railway transport: Transport conveyed for an outside party against payment.
-- Service  railway  transport:  Transport  which  the  railway  body  performs  in  order  to  meet  its
internal  requirements  whether  or  not  such  transport  produces  revenues  for  bookkeeping
purpose.

A.V-03. National railway transport

Railway  transport  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation)  located  in  the  same  country  irrespective  of  the  country  in  which  the
railway vehicles were registered.

It may involve transit through a second country.

A.V-04. International railway transport

Railway  transport  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation) in two different countries.

It may involve transit through one or more additional countries.

22

A. Railway Transport

A.V-05. Rail transit

Railway  transport  through  a  country  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a
place of unloading/disembarkation) outside that country.

Transport  operations  involving  loading/embarkation  or  unloading/disembarkation  of  a  railway
vehicle at the frontier of that country from/onto another mode of transport are not considered as
transit.

A.V-06. Rail passenger

Any person, excluding members of the train crew, who makes a journey by rail.

Passengers making a journey solely by railway operated ferry or bus services are excluded.

A.V-07. Paying rail passenger

Passenger holding a ticket which has been paid for.

A.V-08. Rail passenger-kilometre

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  transport  of  one  rail  passenger  by  rail  over  a  distance  of  one
kilometre.

The distance to be taken into consideration should be the distance actually run by the passenger
on the concerned network. If it is not available, then the distance charged or estimated should be
taken into account.

A.V-09. Purpose of rail passenger journey

The reasons for undertaking the journey are:

--  Work and education (commuting)
--  Business
--  Holidays (vacation)
--  Other (shopping, leisure, family)

A.V-10. Rail passenger embarked

Passenger who boards a railway vehicle to be conveyed by it.

A passenger transfer from one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless of the railway
undertaking, is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation.
Whenever  during  the  transfer  another  mode  of  transport  is  used,  this  is  to  be  regarded  as
disembarkation  from  a  railway  vehicle  followed  by  a  subsequent  embarkation  on  a  railway
vehicle.

23

A. Railway Transport

A.V-11. Rail passenger disembarked

A passenger alighting from a railway vehicle after having been conveyed by it.

A passenger transfer from one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless of the railway
undertaking, is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation.
Whenever  during  the  transfer  another  mode  of  transport  is  used,  this  is  to  be  regarded  as
disembarkation  from  a  railway  vehicle  followed  by  a  subsequent  embarkation  on  a  railway
vehicle.

A.V-12. Rail passenger journey

The  combination  between  the  place  of  embarkation  and  the  place  of  disembarkation  of  the
passengers conveyed by rail whichever itinerary is followed on the railway network.

A.V-13. Place of embarkation

The place in which a railway passenger boards the railway vehicle to be conveyed by it.

A passenger transfer from one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless of the railway
undertaking, is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation.
Whenever  during  the  transfer    another  mode  of  transport  is  used,  this  is  to  be  regarded  as
disembarkation  from  a  railway  vehicle  followed  by  a  subsequent  embarkation  on  a  railway
vehicle.

A.V-14. Place of disembarkation

The place in which a railway passenger leaves the railway vehicle after being conveyed by it.

A passenger transfer from one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless of the railway
undertaking, is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation.
Whenever  during  the  transfer    another  mode  of  transport  is  used,  this  is  to  be  regarded  as
disembarkation  from  a  railway  vehicle  followed  by  a  subsequent  embarkation  on  a  railway
vehicle.

A.V-15. Goods carried by rail

Any goods moved by rail vehicles.

This includes all packaging and equipment, such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets as well as
road goods vehicles carried by rail.

A.V-16. Consignment

Collection of goods transported under cover of the same transport document in
accordance with regulations or tariffs in force where they exist.

24

A. Railway Transport

A.V-17. Types of consignment

The main categories are:

-- Full  train  load:  Any  consignment  comprising  one  or  several  wagon  loads  transported  at  the
same  time  by  the  same  sender  at  the  same  station  and  forwarded  with  no  change  in  train
composition to the address of the same consignee at the same destination station;

-- Full wagon load: Any consignment of goods for which the exclusive use of a wagon is required

whether the total loading capacity is utilized or not;

-- Smalls:  Any  consignment  for  which  it  is  neither  necessary  nor  required  that  a  wagon  be  used

exclusively.

A.V-18. Weight

The weight to be taken into consideration is the gross-gross weight of goods.

This includes the total weight of the goods, all packaging, and tare-weight of the container, swap-
body and pallets containing goods as well as road goods vehicles carried by rail. When this tare-
weight is excluded, the weight is the gross weight.

A.V-19. Tonne-kilometre by rail

Unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne of goods by rail over
a distance of one kilometre.

The  distance  to  be  covered  is  the  distance  actually  run  on  the  considered  network.  If  it  is  not
available, then the distance charged or estimated should be taken into account.

A.V-20. Categories of goods carried by rail

The  categories  of  goods  carried  by  rail  are  those  defined  by  the  international  nomenclature  for
transport statistics in use, approved by Eurostat, ECMT or UNECE.

A.V-21. Dangerous goods

The  classes  of  dangerous  goods  carried  by  rail  are  those  defined  by  the  International  Regulations
concerning the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID).

A.V-22. Goods loaded

Goods placed on a railway vehicle and dispatched by rail.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one railway vehicle directly
to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, if the
goods  are  unloaded  from  a  railway  vehicle,  loaded  on  another  mode  of  transport  and,  again
loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered as unloading from the first railway vehicle
followed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

25

A. Railway Transport

A.V-23. Goods unloaded

Goods taken off a railway vehicle after transport by rail.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one railway vehicle directly
to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, if the
goods  are  unloaded  from  a  railway  vehicle,  loaded  on  another  mode  of  transport  and,  again
loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered as unloading from the first railway vehicle
followed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

A.V-24. International goods transport by rail - loaded (outgoing)

Goods  carried  by  rail  between  a  place  of  loading  located  in  the  reporting  country  and  a  place  of
unloading in another country.

Goods in transit throughout are not included. Wagons loaded on a railway network and carried
by ferry to a foreign network are included.

A.V-25. International goods transport by rail - unloaded (incoming)

Goods  carried  by  rail  between  a  place  of  loading  located  in  a  foreign  country  and  a  place  of
unloading in the reporting country.

Goods in transit throughout are not included. Wagons loaded on a foreign railway network and
carried by ferry to the reporting network are included.

A.V-26. Goods in transit by rail throughout

Goods  carried  by  rail 
loading/unloading) outside the reporting country.

through 

the  reporting  country  between 

two  places  (place  of

Wagons entering and/or leaving the reporting network by ferry are included.

A.V-27. Goods rail transport link

The combination of the place of loading and the place of unloading of the goods transported by rail
whichever itinerary is followed.

A.V-28. Place of loading

The place taken into account is the place in which the goods are loaded on a railway vehicle to be
transported by it.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one railway vehicle directly
to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, if the
goods  are  unloaded  from  a  railway  vehicle,  loaded  on  another  mode  of  transport  and,  again
loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered as unloading from the first railway vehicle
followed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

26

A. Railway Transport

A.V-29. Place of unloading

The place taken into account is the place in which the goods are unloaded from a railway vehicle
after being transported by it.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one railway vehicle directly
to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, if the
goods  are  unloaded  from  a  railway  vehicle,  loaded  on  another  mode  of  transport  and,  again
loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered as unloading from the first railway vehicle
followed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

A.VI. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

A.VI-01. Energy consumption by rail transport

Final  energy  consumed  by  tractive  vehicles  for  traction,  train  services  and  facilities  (heating,  air
conditioning, lighting…).

A.VI-02. Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit of measurement of energy consumption  : 1 TOE  =  0.041868 TJ.

Conversion factors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for 1991 are the following:
-- Motor gasoline
-- Gas/diesel oil 
-- Heavy fuel oil
-- Liquefied petroleum gas
-- Natural gas

1.070
1.035
0.960
1.130
0.917

The conversion factor used by the IEA for electricity is: 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe.

A.VI-03. Joule

Unit of measurement of energy consumption:
1 terajoule = 1012 J = 2.78 x 105 kWh,
1 terajoule = 23.88459 TOE.

A.VI-04. Motor gasoline (petrol)

Light hydrocarbon oil for use in internal combustion engines, excluding those in aircraft.

Motor  gasoline  is  distilled  between  35o C   and  215oC  and  treated  by  reforming,  catalytic
cracking or blending with an aromatic fraction to reach a sufficiently high octane number (>80
RON).

Calorific value:  44.8 TJ/1 000 t.

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A. Railway Transport

A.VI-05. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil)

Oil obtained from the lowest fraction from atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

Gas/diesel  oil  includes  heavy  gas  oils  obtained  by  vacuum  re-distillation  of  the  residual  from
atmospheric distillation. Gas/diesel oil distils between 200oC and 380oC,  with  less  than  65 per
cent in volume at 250oC, including losses, and 80 per cent or more at 350oC. The flashpoint is
always  above  50oC  and  their  density  is  higher  than  0.81.  Heavy  oils  obtained  by  blending  are
grouped together with gas oils, provided that their kinematic viscosity does not exceed 25 cST at
40o C.

Calorific value:  43.3 TJ/1 000 t.

A.VI-06. Heavy fuel oil (residual)

Heavy oil that makes up the distillation residue.

This  comprises  all  residual  fuel  oils  (including  those  obtained  by  blending).  The  viscosity  of
heavy fuel oil is above 25 cST at 40oC.  The flashpoint is always above 50oC and their density is
higher than 0.90.

A.VI-07. Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)

Light hydrocarbons of the paraffin series which are derived solely from the distillation of crude oil.

The  LPG  comprise  propane  and  butane  or  a  mixture  of  these  two  hydrocarbons.  They  can  be
liquefied under low pressure (5-10 atmospheres). In the liquid state and at a temperature of 38oC
they have a relative vapour pressure less than or equal to 24.5 bars. Their specific gravity ranges
from 0.50 to 0.58.

A.VI-08. Hard coal

A  black,  natural  fossil  organic  sediment  with  a  gross  calorific  value  of  more  than  23  860  kJ/kg
(5 700 kcal/kg) in the ash-free condition and with the moisture content obtaining at a temperature of
30o C and relative air humidity of 96 per cent, and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at
least 0.6.

A.VI-09. Brown coal -- Lignite

A non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value of less than 23 860 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) in a
condition free of wet ash and containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral free
basis.

A.VI-10. Electric power

Energy  produced  by  hydro-electric,  geothermal,  nuclear  and  conventional  thermal  power  stations,
excluding energy produced by pumping stations, measured by the calorific value of electricity (3.6
TJ/GWh).

Pumping station is a power station with a reservoir which is filled by the use of  pumps.

28

B

ROAD TRANSPORT

29

B. Road Transport

B.I.

INFRASTRUCTURE

B.I-01. Road

Line of communication (travelled way) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to
public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels.

Included are bridges, tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings and interchanges. Toll
roads are also included. Excluded are dedicated cycle paths.

B.I-02. Road network

All roads in a given area.

B.I-03. Category of road

Classification  of  the  road  network  according  to  a)  administration  responsible  for  its  construction,
maintenance  and/or  operation;  b)  according  to  design  standards  or,  c)  according  to  the  users
allowed to have access on the road.

B.I-04. Motorway

Road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it,
and which:

(a) is  provided,  except  at  special  points  or  temporarily,  with  separate  carriageways  for  the  two
directions  of  traffic,  separated  from  each  other,  either  by  a  dividing  strip  not  intended  for
traffic, or exceptionally by other means;

(b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath;

(c) is  specially  sign-posted  as  a  motorway  and  is  reserved  for  specific  categories  of  road  motor

vehicles.

Entry  and  exit  lanes  of  motorways  are  included  irrespectively  of  the  location  of  the  sign-posts.
Urban motorways are also included.

B.I-05. Urban road

A  road  within  the  boundaries  of  a  built-up  area,  which  is  an  area  with  entries  and  exits  specially
sign-posted as such.

B.I-06. E road

The international "E" network consists of a system of reference roads as laid down in the European
Agreement on Main International Arteries, Geneva, 15  November 1975 and its amendments.

31

B. Road Transport

B.I-07. Carriageway

Part of the road intended for the movement of road motor vehicles; the parts of the road which form
a  shoulder  for  the  lower  or  upper  layers  of  the  road  surface  are  not  part  of  the  roadway,  nor  are
those parts of the road intended for the circulation of road vehicles which are not self-propelled or
for the parking of vehicles even if, in case of danger, they may occasionally be used for the passage
of motor vehicles. The width of a carriageway is measured perpendicularly to the axis of the road.

B.I-08. Lane

One  of  the  longitudinal  strips  into  which  a  carriageway  is  divisible,  whether  or  not  defined  by
longitudinal road markings, which is wide enough for one moving line of motor vehicles other than
motor cycles.

B.I-09. Tramway

Line of communication made up by a pair of rails designed for use by trams (street cars).

This includes both tramway laid down on the road used by other road motor vehicles as well as
tramway running separately from the road.

B.II.

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (VEHICLES)

B.II-01. Road vehicle

A vehicle running on wheels and intended for use on roads.

B.II-02. Stock of road vehicles

Number of road vehicles registered at a given date in a country and licensed to use roads open to
public traffic.

This includes road vehicles exempted from annual taxes or license fees; it also includes imported
second-hand  vehicles  and  other  road  vehicles  according  to  national  practices.  The  statistics
should exclude military vehicles.

B.II-03. National road vehicle

A road vehicle registered in the reporting country and bearing registration plates of that country, or
having been separately registered (trams, trolleybuses, etc.).

Where registration of a road vehicle does not apply in a specific country, a national road vehicle
is a vehicle owned or leased by a company tax resident in that country.

B.II-04. Foreign road vehicle

A  road  vehicle  registered  in  a  country  other  than  the  reporting  country  and  bearing  registration
plates of that foreign country.

32

B.II-05. Road motor vehicle

A  road  vehicle  fitted  with  an  engine  whence  it  derives  its  sole  means  of  propulsion,  which  is
normally  used  for  carrying  persons  or  goods  or  for  drawing,  on  the  road,  vehicles  used  for  the
carriage of persons or goods.

B. Road Transport

The statistics exclude motor vehicles running on rails.

B.II-06. Passenger road vehicle

A road vehicle designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry one or more persons.

Vehicles  designed  for  the  transport  of  both  passengers  and  goods  should  be  classified  either
among  the  passenger  road  vehicles  or  among  the  goods  road  vehicles,  depending  on  their
primary purpose, as determined either by their technical characteristics or by their category for
tax purposes.

B.II-07. Cycle

A road vehicle which has two or more wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the
persons  on  that  vehicle,  in  particular  by  means  of  a  pedal  system,  lever  or  handle  (e.g.  bicycles,
tricycles, quadricycles and invalid carriages).

B.II-08. Passenger road motor vehicle

A road motor vehicle, exclusively designed or primarily, to carry one or more persons.

Vehicles  designed  for  the  transport  of  both  passengers  and  goods  should  be  classified  either
among  the  passenger  road  vehicles  or  among  the  goods  road  vehicles,  depending  on  their
primary purpose, as determined either by their technical characteristics or by their category for
tax purposes.

B.II-09. Types of passenger road motor vehicle

These vehicles may be classified according to the type of energy used by the motor, the main ones
being:

-- Gasoline (petrol)
-- Diesel
-- Gas-powered
-- Electricity
-- Other

B.II-10. Moped

Two- or three-wheeled road vehicle which is fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of less
than  50cc  (3.05  cu.in)  and  a  maximum  authorized  design  speed  in  accordance  with  national
regulations.

B.II-11. Motorcycle

Two-wheeled  road  motor  vehicle  with  or  without  side-car,  including  motor  scooter,  or  three-
wheeled road motor vehicle not exceeding 400 kg (900 lb) unladen weight. All such vehicles with a

33

B. Road Transport

cylinder  capacity  of  50  cc  or  over  are  included,  as  are  those  under  50  cc  which  do  not  meet  the
definition of moped.

B.II-12. Passenger car

Road motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed
to seat no more than nine persons (including the driver).

The  term  "passenger  car"  therefore  covers  microcars  (need  no  permit  to  be  driven),  taxis  and
hired  passenger  cars,  provided  that  they  have  fewer  than  ten  seats.  This  category  may  also
include pick-ups.

B.II-13. Caravan

Road vehicle not intended for the carriage of passengers and/or goods and designed to be hauled by
passenger car.

The term caravan, therefore, includes road vehicles intended mainly for recreational purposes.

B.II-14. Motor-coach or bus

Passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat more than nine persons (including the driver).

Statistics also include mini-buses designed to seat more than 9 persons (including the driver).

B.II-15. Trolleybus

Passenger  road  vehicle  designed  to  seat  more  than  nine  persons  (including  the  driver),  which  is
connected to electric conductors and which is not rail-borne.

This  term  covers  vehicles  which  are  sometimes  used  as  trolleybuses  and  sometimes  as  buses
(since they have an independent motor).

B.II-16. Tram (street-car)

Passenger  road  vehicle  designed  to  seat  more  than  nine  persons  (including  the  driver),  which  is
connected to electric conductors or powered by diesel engine and which is rail-borne.

B.II-17. Number of seats/berths in motor coaches, buses and trolleybuses

Number  of  seats/berths,  including  the  driver's,  available  in  the  vehicle  when  it  is  performing  the
service for which it is primarily intended.

In case of doubt, the highest number of seats/berths available should be taken into account.

B.II-18. Goods road vehicle

Road vehicle designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry goods.

Vehicles  designed  for  the  transport  of  both  passengers  and  goods  should  be  classified  either
among  the  passenger  road  vehicles  or  among  the  goods  road  vehicles,  depending  on  their
primary purpose, as determined either by their technical characteristics or by their category for
tax purposes.

34

B.II-19. Types of body of goods road vehicle

Classification of goods road vehicles by types of their superstructures. The following classification
of types of bodies of goods road vehicles are considered:

B. Road Transport

-- Ordinary open box  (1)

- with cover
- flat
-- Tipper (2)
-- Tanker (3)
- solid bulk
- liquid bulk

-- Temperature controlled box (4)
-- Other closed box (5)
-- Skeletal container and swap-body transporter (6)
-- Livestock transporter (7)
-- Others (8)

B.II-20. Goods road motor vehicle

Any single road motor vehicle designed to carry goods (lorry), or any coupled combination of road
vehicles designed to carry goods, (i.e. lorry with trailer(s), or road tractor with semi-trailer and with
or without trailer).

B.II-21. Lorry

Rigid road motor vehicle designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry goods.

This  category  includes  vans  which  are  rigid  road  motor  vehicles  designed  exclusively  or
primarily  to  carry  goods  with  a  gross  vehicle  weight  of  not  more  than  3  500  kg.  This  category
may also include "pick-ups".

B.II-22. Road tractor

Road  motor  vehicle  designed,  exclusively  or  primarily,  to  haul  other  road  vehicles  which  are  not
power-driven (mainly semi-trailers).

Agricultural tractors are excluded.

B.II-23. Agricultural tractors

Motor vehicle designed exclusively or primarily for agricultural purposes whether or not permitted
to use roads opened to public traffic.

B.II-24. Trailer

Goods road vehicle designed to be hauled by a road motor vehicle.

This category exclude agricultural trailers and caravans.

B.II-25. Agricultural trailer

Trailer designed exclusively or primarily for agricultural purposes and to be hauled by agricultural
tractor, whether or not permitted to use roads opened to public traffic.

35

B. Road Transport

B.II-26. Semi-trailer

Goods  road  vehicle  with  no  front  axle  designed  in  such  way  that  part  of  the  vehicle  and  a
substantial part of its loaded weight rests on the road tractor.

B.II-27. Articulated vehicle

Road tractor coupled to a semi-trailer.

B.II-28. Road train

Goods road motor vehicle coupled to a trailer

Articulated vehicle with a further trailer attached is included.

B.II-29. Special purpose road vehicle

Road vehicle designed for purposes other than the carriage of passengers or goods.

This  category  includes  e.g.  fire  brigade  vehicles,  ambulances,  mobile  cranes,  self-propelled
rollers,  bulldozers  with  metallic  wheels  or  track,  vehicles  for  recording  film,  radio  and  TV
programmes,  mobile  library  vehicles,  towing  vehicles  for  vehicles  in  need  of  repair,  and  other
road vehicles not specified elsewhere.

B.II-30. Load capacity

Maximum  weight  of  goods  declared  permissible  by  the  competent  authority  of  the  country  of
registration of the vehicle.

B.II-31. Gross vehicle weight  (Legally permissible maximum weight)

Total  of  the  weight  of  the  vehicle  (or  combination  of  vehicles)  including  its  load  when  stationary
and  ready  for  the  road  declared  permissible  by  the  competent  authority  of  the  country  of
registration.

This includes the weight of the driver and of all persons carried at the same time.

B.II-32. Age of road vehicle

Length of time after the first registration of the road vehicle, irrespective of the registering country.

B.II-33. Cylinder capacity

The  cylinder  capacity  of  the  engine  as  certified  by  the  competent  authority  of  the  country  of
registration.

B.II-34. Unladen vehicle weight

The  unladen  weight  of  the  vehicle  as  certified  by  the  competent  authority  of  the  country  of
registration.

36

B. Road Transport

B.II-35. Motor energy

The principal type of motor energy used by the vehicle as certified by the competent authority of the
country of registration.

For  hybrid  or  dual-fuelled  vehicles  adapted  for  using  more  than  one  type  of  motor  energy  (e.g.
LPG  and  petrol,  or  electricity  and  diesel,  etc.),  the  principal  type  of  motor  energy  should  be,
where possible, an alternative fuel.

B.II-36. Alternative fuel

A type of motor energy other than the conventional fuels, petrol and diesel.

Alternative  fuels  include  electricity,  LPG,  natural  gas  (NGL  or  CNG),  alcohols,  mixtures  of
alcohols with other fuels, hydrogen, biofuels (such as biodiesel), etc. (This list is not exhaustive.)
Alternative fuels do not include unleaded petrol, reformulated petrol or city (low-sulphur) diesel.

B.III. ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

B.III-01. Transport for hire or reward

The carriage for remuneration, of persons or goods, on behalf of third parties.

B.III-02. Transport on own account

Transport which is not for hire or reward.

B.III-03. Enterprise

Institutional  unit  or  smallest  combination  of  institutional  units  that  encloses  and  directly  or
indirectly controls all necessary functions to carry out its production activities1.

The requirements of an enterprise are that it has one ownership or control. It can, however, be
heterogenous with regard to its economic activity as well as to its location.

B.III-04. Road transport enterprise

Enterprise carrying out in one or more places activities for the production of road transport services
using road vehicles and whose main activities according to the value added is road transport.

In terms of activity classifications the following classes are involved:

--

ISIC/Rev.32 : Division 60, Group 602 - Other land transport;
Class 6021 - Other scheduled passenger land transport,
Class 6022 - Other non-scheduled passenger land transport;
Class 6023 - Freight transport by road;

1ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.
2ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.

37

B. Road Transport

-- NACE/Rev.13: Division 60, Group 602; Urban and road transport

Class 60.21-  Scheduled passenger transport;
Class 60.22 - Taxi operation;
Class 60.23 - Other road  passenger transport;
Class 60.24 - Freight transport by road.

Even  those  enterprises  without  salaried  employees  are  taken  into  account.  Only  units,  which
actually carry out an activity during the reference period should be considered. "Dormant" units
or those not yet having begun their activity are excluded.

B.III-05. Road passenger transport enterprise

Road transport enterprise offering and performing services in the transport of one or more persons
(passengers),  not  including  the  driver,  and  whose  main  activities  in  the  field  of  road  transport,
according to value-added, is road passenger transport.

B.III-06. Road goods transport enterprise

Road  transport  enterprise  offering  and  performing  services  in  the  transport  of  goods,  whose  main
activity in the field of road transport, according to value-added, is road goods transport.

B.III-07. Urban road passenger enterprise

Road  passenger  transport  enterprise  performing  urban,  metropolitan  or  similar  scheduled  or  non-
scheduled  transport  services  within  the  boundaries  of  one  or  more  built-up  areas  and  whose  main
activities in the field of road passenger transport, according to value-added, is urban road passenger
transport.

B.III-08. Public road transport enterprise

Road transport enterprise which is principally owned (greater than 50 % of the capital) by the State
or public authorities and their enterprises.

B.III-09. Employment

Average  number  of  persons  working  during  the  given  period  in  a  road  transport  enterprise
(inclusive  of  working  proprietors,  partners  working  regularly  in  the  enterprise  and  unpaid  family
workers),  as  well  as  persons  working  outside  the  enterprise  but  who  belong  to  it  and  are  directly
paid by it.

B.III-10. Turnover

Total  amount  invoiced  by  the  road  transport  enterprise  during  the  period  under  review.  This
corresponds  to  market  sales  of  goods  or  services  supplied  to  third  parties.  Turnover  includes  all
duties  and  taxes  on  the  goods  or  services  invoiced  by  the  enterprise  with  the  exception  of  VAT
invoiced  by  the  unit  vis-a-vis  its  customer.  It  also  includes  all  other  charges  ascribed  to  the
customer. Reduction in prices, rebates and discounts as well as the value of returned packing must
be deducted, but not cash discounts.

Turnover  does  not  include  sales  of  fixed  assets.  Operating  subsidies  received  from  public
authorities are also excluded.

3NACE/Rev.1 - Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Communities, Official Journal, No.
L 83, 3 April, 1993.

38

B.III-11. Revenues

Amounts  expressed  in  monetary  units  which  are  entered  in  the  accounts  as  credit  to  the  road
transport enterprise.

B. Road Transport

B.III-12. Types of revenues

The main categories of revenues to be considered are:
-- Revenues from transport operations
This category includes goods and passenger traffic revenues.

-- Amounts received from the State or other public bodies
This category includes compensation receipts and other subsidies.

-- Other revenues
This category includes revenues not related to transport activities, e.g. financial revenues etc.

B.III-13. Costs

The  amount  of  available  resources  spent  by  the  road  transport  enterprise  in  conjunction  with  an
operation or service, or with a series of operations and services.

B.III-14. Types of costs

The main categories of costs being considered are:

-- Labour costs
Including wages and salaries of active staff, pensions, various social charges , etc.

-- Material and service costs
Including purchase of other material and services provided by third parties, but excludes energy
consumption costs.

-- Energy consumption costs

-- Taxes

-- Financial charges

-- Other costs
Including amounts allocated to depreciation and provisions etc.

B.III-15. Value added

Gross output of the road transport enterprise less the value of its intermediate consumption. Value
added  of  domestic  production  of  all  road  transport  enterprises  in  a  country  is  equal  to  their
contribution to the GDP of that country.

It is understood that value added, in this context, is expressed in market prices.

39

B. Road Transport

B.III-16. Tangible investment

The  outlay  (purchases  and  own  account  production)  of  road  transport  enterprises  on  additions  of
new and used capital goods (commodities) to their stocks of fixed capital assets less their net sales
of similar second-hand and scrapped goods.

The  contribution  of  all  road  transport  enterprises  to  the  gross  fixed  capital  formation  of  a
country  is  equal  to  the  total  of  their  tangible  investment  less  the  balance  between  the  purchase
and sale of land.

B.III-17. Investment expenditure on roads

Expenditure on new construction and extension of existing roads, including reconstruction, renewal
and major repairs.

B.III-18. Investment expenditure on road vehicles

Expenditure on purchase of road vehicles.

B.III-19. Maintenance expenditure on roads

Expenditure for keeping roads in working order.

This includes surface maintenance, patching and running repairs (work relating to roughness of
carriageway's wearing course, roadsides, etc.).

B.III-20. Maintenance expenditure on road vehicles

Expenditure for keeping road vehicles in working order.

B.IV. TRAFFIC

B.IV-01. Road traffic

Any movement of a road vehicle on a given network.

When  a  road  vehicle  is  being  carried  on  another  vehicle,  only  the  movement  of  the  carrying
vehicle (active mode) is considered.

B.IV-02. Road traffic on national territory

Any movement of road vehicles within a national territory irrespective of the country in which these
vehicles are registered.

B.IV-03. Empty road traffic

Any movement of a road vehicle for which the gross-gross weight of goods carried including that of
equipment  such  as  containers,  swap  bodies  and  pallets  is  nil;  as  well  as  any  movement  of  motor-
coaches, buses, trolleybuses and trams without any passenger.

The movement of a road vehicle carrying empty equipment such as containers, swap bodies and
pallets is not considered as empty journey.

40

B. Road Transport

B.IV-04. Urban road traffic

Traffic carried out on urban roads or tramways.

Proportions of a through journey involving a relatively short passage over urban roads are not
counted as urban traffic.

B.IV-05. Road journey

A movement of a road vehicle from a specified point of origin to a specified point of destination.

A journey can be divided into a number of sections or stages.

B.IV-06. Vehicle-kilometre

Unit of measurement representing the movement of a road motor vehicle over one kilometre.

The distance to be considered is the distance actually run. It includes movements of empty road
motor vehicles. Units made up of a tractor and a semi-trailer or a lorry and a trailer are counted
as one vehicle.

B.IV-07. Tonne-kilometre offered

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  of  one  tonne  available  in  a  road  goods  vehicle  when
performing services for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The distance to be considered is the distance actually run.

B.IV-08. Seat-/Standing place-kilometre offered

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  of  one  seat/authorized  standing  place  available  in  a
road vehicle when performing the service for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The distance to be considered is the distance actually run.

B.IV-09. Entry of a road vehicle

Any loaded or empty road motor vehicle which entered the country by road.

If a road motor vehicle is entering the country by another mode of transport, only the active mode
is considered to have entered that country.

B.IV-10. Exit of a road vehicle

Any loaded or empty road motor vehicle which leaves the country by road.

If a road motor vehicle is leaving the country by another mode of transport, only the active mode
is considered as leaving that country.

41

B. Road Transport

B.IV-11. Transit of road vehicle

Any loaded or empty road motor vehicle, which enters and leaves the country at different points by
whatever means of transport, provided the total journey within the country is by road and that there
is no loading or unloading in the country.

Road motor vehicles loaded/unloaded at the frontier of that country onto/from another mode of
transport are included.

B.V.

TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

B.V-01. Road transport

Any movements of goods and/or passengers using a road vehicle on a given road network.

When  a  road  vehicle  is  being  carried  on  another  vehicle,  only  the  movement  of  the  carrying
vehicle (active mode) is considered.

B.V-02. National road transport

Road  transport  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of  unloading/
disembarkation)  located  in  the  same  country  irrespective  of  the  country  in  which  the  vehicle  is
registered. It may involve transit through a second country.

B.V-03. Road cabotage transport

National road transport performed by a motor vehicle registered in another country.

B.V-04. International road transport

transport  between 

Road 
loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation)  in  two  different  countries.  It  may  involve  transit  through  one  or  more
additional country or countries.

two  places  (a  place  of 

B.V-05. Cross-trade road transport

International road transport performed by a road motor vehicle registered in a third country.

A third country is a country other than the country of loading/embarkation or than the country of
unloading/disembarkation.

B.V-06. Road transit

Road transport through a country between two places (a place of loading and a place of unloading)
both  located  in  another  country  or  in  other  countries  provided  that  the  total  journey  within  the
country is by road and that there is no loading and unloading in that country.

Road motor vehicles loaded/unloaded at the frontier of that country onto/from another mode of
transport are included.

42

B. Road Transport

B.V-07. Urban road transport

Transport carried out on urban roads or tramways.

Only transport mainly or solely performed on urban roads is considered to be urban transport.

B.V-08. Road passenger

Any  person  who  makes  a  journey  by  a  road  vehicle.  Drivers  of  passenger  cars,  excluding  taxi
drivers,  are  counted  as  passengers.  Service  staff  assigned  to  buses,  motor  coaches,  trolleybuses,
trams and goods road vehicles are not included as passengers.

B.V-09. Road passenger-kilometre

Unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by road over one kilometre.

The distance to be taken into consideration is the distance actually travelled by the passenger.

B.V-10. Purpose of road passenger journeys

The reasons for undertaking the journey are:

-- Work and education (commuting)
-- Business
-- Holidays (vacation)
-- Other (shopping, leisure, family)

B.V-11. Road passenger embarked

Passenger who boards a road vehicle to be conveyed by it.

A transfer from one road vehicle to another is regarded as embarkation after disembarkation

.
B.V-12. Road passenger disembarked

A passenger alighting from a road vehicle after having been conveyed by it.

A  transfer  from  one  road  vehicle  to  another  is  regarded  as  disembarkation  before  re-
embarkation.

B.V-13. Road passenger transport link

The  combination  of  the  place  of  embarkation  and  the  place  of  disembarkation  of  the  passengers
conveyed by road whichever itinerary is followed.

Places are defined by using international classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature of
Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

B.V-14. Place of embarkation

The  place  taken  into  account  is  the  place  where  the  passenger  boarded  a  road  vehicle  to  be
conveyed by it.

A transfer from one road vehicle to another is regarded as embarkation after disembarkation.

43

B. Road Transport

B.V-15. Place of disembarkation

The  place  taken  into  account  is  the  place  where  the  passenger  alighted  from  a  road  vehicle  after
having been conveyed by it.

A  transfer  from  one  road  vehicle  to  another  is  regarded  as  disembarkation  before  re-
embarkation.

B.V-16. Goods carried by road

Any goods moved by road goods vehicles.

This includes all packaging and equipment such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets.

B.V-17. Weight

The weight to be taken into consideration is the gross-gross weight of goods.

This includes the total weight of the goods, all packaging, and tare-weight of the container, swap-
body and pallets containing goods. When this tare-weight is excluded, the weight is gross weight.

B.V-18. Tonne-kilometre by road

Unit  of  measure  of  goods  transport  which  represents  the  transport  of  one  tonne  by  road  over  one
kilometre.

The distance to be taken into consideration is the distance actually run.

B.V-19. Types of goods carried by road

The  categories  of  goods  carried  by  road  are  those  defined  by  the  NST/R  nomenclature  (Standard
Goods  Nomenclature  for  Transport  Statistics/revised  -  Eurostat)  or  the  CSTE  nomenclature
(Commodity Classification for Transport Statistics in Europe - UNECE).

B.V-20. Dangerous goods

The  classes  of  dangerous  goods  carried  by  road  are  those  defined  by  the  European  Agreement
concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).

B.V-21. Goods loaded

Goods placed on a road vehicle and dispatched by road.

Transshipment  from  one  goods  road  vehicle  to  another  or  change  of  the  road  tractor  are
regarded as loading after unloading.

B.V-22. Goods unloaded

Goods taken off a road vehicle after transport by road.

Transshipment  from  one  goods  road  vehicle  to  another  or  change  of  the  road  tractor  are
regarded as unloading before reloading.

44

B. Road Transport

B.V-23. Goods having left the country by road (other than goods in transit by road throughout)

Goods which having been loaded on a road vehicle in the country, left the country by road and were
unloaded in another country.

B.V-24. Goods having entered the country by road (other than goods in transit by road throughout)

Goods which, having been loaded on a road vehicle in another country, entered the country by road
and were unloaded there.

B.V-25. Goods in transit by road throughout

Goods which entered the country by road and left the country by road at a point different from the
point of entry, after having been carried across the country in the same goods road motor vehicle.

Transshipment  from  one  goods  road  vehicle  to  another  or  change  of  the  road  tractor  are
regarded as loading/unloading.

B.V-26. Goods road transport link

The combination of the place of loading and the place of unloading of the goods transported by road
whichever itinerary is followed.

Places are defined by using international classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature of
Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

B.V-27. Place of loading

The place taken into account for loading is the place where the goods were loaded on a goods road
motor vehicle or where the road tractor has been changed.

B.V-28. Place of unloading

The place taken into account is the place where the goods were unloaded from a goods road motor
vehicle or where the road tractor has been changed.

B.VI. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

B.VI-01. Energy consumption by road transport

Final energy consumed by road motor vehicles.

This includes final energy consumed by unloaded road vehicles.

45

B. Road Transport

B.VI-02. Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit of measurement of energy consumption : 1 TOE  =  0.041868 TJ.

Conversion factors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for 1991 are the following:
-- Motor gasoline
-- Gas/diesel oil
-- Heavy fuel oil
-- Liquified petroleum gas
-- Natural gas

1.070
1.035
0.960
1.130
0.917

The conversion factor used by the IEA for electricity is: 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe.

B.VI-03. Joule

Unit of measurement of energy consumption :
1 terajoule = 1012 Joule = 2.78 x 105 kWh),
1 terajoule = 23.88459 TOE

B.VI-04. Motor gasoline (petrol)

Light hydrocarbon oil for use in internal combustion engines, excluding those in aircraft.

Motor gasoline is distilled between 35oC and 215oC and treated by reforming, catalytic cracking
or blending with an aromatic fraction to reach a sufficiently high octane number (>80 RON).

Calorific value:  44.8 TJ/1 000 t.

B.VI-05. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil)

Oil obtained from the lowest fraction from atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

Gas/diesel  oil  includes  heavy  gas  oils  obtained  by  vacuum  re-distillation  of  the  residual  from
atmospheric distillation. Gas/diesel oil distils between 200oC and 380oC,  with  less  than  65 per
cent in volume at 250oC, including losses, and 80 per cent or more at 350oC. The flashpoint is
always  above  50oC  and  their  density  is  higher  than  0.81.  Heavy  oils  obtained  by  blending  are
grouped together with gas oils, provided that their kinematic viscosity does not exceed 25 cST at
40oC.

Calorific value:  43.3 TJ/1 000 t.

B.VI-06. Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)

Light hydrocarbons of the paraffin series which are derived solely from the distillation of crude oil.

The  LPG  comprise  propane  and  butane  or  a  mixture  of  these  two  hydrocarbons.  They  can  be
liquefied under low pressure (5-10 atmospheres). In the liquid state and at a temperature of 38oC
they  have  a  relative  vapour  pressure  less  than  or  equal  to  24.5  bars.    Their  specific  gravity
ranges from 0.50 to 0.58.

46

B. Road Transport

B.VI-07. Natural gas liquids (NGL)

Liquid  or  liquefied  hydrocarbons  produced  in  the  manufacture,  purification  and  stabilization  of
natural gas. Their characteristics vary, ranging from those of ethane,  butane and propane to heavy
oils. NGL's are either distilled with crude oil in refineries, blended with refined petroleum products
or used directly depending on their characteristics.

B.VI-08. Electric power

Energy  produced  by  hydro-electric,  geothermal,  nuclear  and  conventional  thermal  power  stations,
excluding energy produced by pumping stations, measured by the calorific value of electricity (3.6
TJ/GWh).

Pumping station is a power station with a reservoir which is filled by the use of pumps.

B.VII.  ACCIDENTS

B.VII-01. Injury accident

Any accident involving at least one road vehicle in motion on a public road or private road to which
the public has right of access, resulting in at least one injured or killed person.

Included are: collisions between road vehicles ; between road vehicles and pedestrians; between
road  vehicles  and  animals  or  fixed  obstacles  and  with  one  road  vehicle  alone.  Included  are
collisions between road and rail vehicles. Multi-vehicle collisions are counted as only one accident
provided  that  any  successive  collisions  happen  at  very  short  intervals.  Injury  accident  excludes
accidents incurring only material damage.

B.VII-02. Fatal accident

Any injury accident resulting in a person killed.

B.VII-03. Non-fatal accident

Any injury accident other than a fatal accident.

B.VII-04. Casualty

Any person killed or injured as a result of an injury accident.

B.VII-05. Person killed

Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of an injury accident.

For  countries  that  do  not  apply  this  definition,  conversion  coefficients  are  estimated  so  that
comparisons on the basis of the 30 day-definition can be made.

France   1.057 Italy  1.03

Latvia  1.08

Portugal  1.3 Turkey  1.3

47

B. Road Transport

B.VII-06. Person injured:

Any person not killed, but who sustained an injury as result of an injury accident, normally needing
medical treatment.

B.VII-07. Person seriously injured:

Any person injured who was hospitalized for a period of more than 24 hours.

B.VII-08. Person slightly injured:

Any person injured excluding persons seriously injured.

B.VII-09. Driver (involved in an injury accident)

Any  person  involved  in  an  injury  accident  who  was  driving  a  road  vehicle  at  the  time  of  the
accident.

B.VII-10. Passenger (involved in an injury accident)

Any person involved in an injury accident, other that a driver, who was in or on a road vehicle, or in
the process of getting in or out of a road vehicle.

B.VII-11. Pedestrian (involved in an injury accident)

Any person involved in an injury accident other than a passenger or driver as defined above.

Included are occupants or persons pushing or pulling a child’s carriage, an invalid chair, or any
other  small  vehicle  without  an  engine.  Also  included  are  persons  pushing  a  cycle,  moped,
rollerskating, skateboarding, skiing or using similar devices.

B.VII-12. Accident between road vehicle and pedestrian

Any injury accident involving one or more road vehicle and one or more pedestrian.

Included  are  accidents  irrespective  of  whether  a  pedestrian  was  involved  in  the  first  or  a  later
phase of the accident and whether a pedestrian was injured or killed on or off the road.

B.VII-13. Single road vehicle accident

Any injury accident in which only one road vehicle is involved.

Included are accidents of vehicles trying to avoid collision and veering off the road, or accidents
caused  by  collision  with  obstruction  or  animals  on  the  road.  Excluded  are  collisions  with
pedestrians and parked vehicles.

48

B.VII-14. Multi-vehicle road accident

Any injury accident involving two or more road vehicles only.

The following types of injury accidents involving two or more road vehicles are:

B. Road Transport

(a)  Rear-end  collision:  collision  with  another  vehicle  using  the  same  lane  of  a  carriageway  and

moving in the same direction, slowing or temporarily halted.

Included are collisions with moving vehicles;excluded are collisions with parked vehicles.

(b)  Head-on collision:  collision  with  another  vehicle  using  the  same  lane  of  a  carriageway  and

moving in the opposite direction, slowing or temporarily halted.

Included  are  collisions  with  vehicles  slowing  or  temporarily  halted;  excluded  are  collisions
with parked vehicles.

(c) Collision  due  to  crossing  or  turning:  collision  with  another  vehicle  moving  in  a  lateral

direction due to crossing, leaving or entering a road.

Excluded  are  collisions  with  vehicles  halted  and  waiting  to  turn  which  should  be  classified
under (a) or (b).

(d) Other collisions, including collisions with parked vehicles: collision occurring when driving
side by side, overtaking or when changing lanes; or collision with a vehicle which has parked or
stopped  at  the  edge  of  a  carriageway,  on  shoulders,  marked  parking  spaces,  footpaths  or
parking sites, etc.

Included  are  all  collisions  not  covered  by  (a),  (b)  and  (c).  The  constituent  element  for
classification  of  accidents  between  vehicles  is  the  first  collision  on  the  carriageway,  or  the
first mechanical impact on the vehicle.

B.VII-15. Accident with drivers reported under the influence of alcohol, drugs or medication

Any injury accident where at least one driver is reported to be under the influence of alcohol, drugs
or medication impairing driving ability, according to national regulations.

B.VII-16. Within built-up areas

Area with entries and exits designated by appropriate traffic signs.

B.VII-17. Outside built-up areas

Any areas excluding areas with entries and exits designated by appropriate traffic signs.

Includes motorways, unless elsewhere specified.

B.VII-18. Daylight

As reported by the police or other authorities.

49

B. Road Transport

B.VII-19. Darkness

As reported by the police or other authorities.

B.VII-20. Twilight (or unknown)

A  residual  category  covering  cases  where  daylight  conditions  were  very  poor  or  where  no
information on light conditions was available.

B.VII-21. Dry road surface

A road surface not covered by water, snow, ice or other substances.

B.VII-22. Other road surface

Any other road surface other than a dry road surface.

50

INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT (IWT)

C

51

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.I.

INFRASTRUCTURE

C.I-01. Waterway

River, canal, lake or other stretch of water which by natural or man-made features is suitable for
navigation.

Waterways  of  a  maritime  character  (waterways  designated  by  the  reporting  country  as  suitable
for navigation primarily by seagoing ships) are included. Waterways also include river estuaries;
the boundary being that point nearest the sea where the width of the river is both less than 3 km
at low water and less then 5 km at high water.

C.I-02. Navigable inland waterway

A stretch of water, not part of the sea, over which vessels of a carrying capacity of not less than
50 tonnes can navigate when normally loaded. This term covers both navigable rivers and lakes and
navigable canals.

The length of rivers and canals is measured in mid-channel. The length of lakes and lagoons is
measured along the shortest navigable route between the most distant points to and from which
transport  operations  are  performed.  A  waterway  forming  a  common  frontier  between  two
countries is reported by both.

C.I-03. Categories of navigable inland waterways

The  categories  of  navigable  inland  waterways  are  defined  with  reference  to  international
classification  systems  such  as  those  drawn  up  by  the  United  Nations  Economic  Commission  for
Europe or by the European Conference of Ministers of Transport.

C.I-04. Navigable river

Natural  waterway  open  for  navigation,  irrespective  of  whether  it  has  been  improved  for  that
purpose.

C.I-05. Navigable lake

Natural expanse of water open for navigation.

Lagoons (brackish water area separated from the sea by a coastal bank) are included.

C.I-06. Navigable canal

Waterway built primarily for navigation.

C.I-07. Navigable inland waterway network

All navigable inland waterways open for public navigation in a given area.

C.I-08. Navigable inland waterways regularly used for transport

Waterways over which an amount of transport is performed each year; this amount, expressed as
tonne-kilometres per kilometre of waterway, is determined by the authority concerned in the light of
conditions prevailing on that country's waterway network.

53

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.II.

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (VESSEL)

C.II-01. IWT vessel

Floating  craft  designed  for  the  carriage  of  goods  or  public  transport  of  passengers  by  navigable
inland waterways.

Vessels  under  repair  are  included.  Vessels  suitable  for  inland  navigation  but  which  are
authorized  to  navigate  at  sea  (mixed  seagoing  and  inland  waterway  vessels)  are  included.  This
category  excludes:  harbour  craft,  seaport  lighters  and  seaport  tugs,  ferries,  fishery  vessels,
dredgers,  vessels  performing  hydraulic  work  and  vessels  used  exclusively  for  storage,  floating
workshops, houseboats and pleasure craft.

C.II-02. National IWT vessel

IWT vessel which is registered at a given date in the reporting country.

Where registration of IWT vessels does not apply in a specific country, a national IWT vessel is a
vessel owned by a company tax resident in that country.

C.II-03. Foreign IWT vessel

IWT vessel which is registered at a given date in a country other than the reporting country.

C.II-04. IWT freight vessel

Vessel  with  a  carrying  capacity  of  not  less  than  20  tonnes  designed  for  the  carriage  of  freight  by
navigable inland waterways.

C.II-05. IWT passenger vessel

Vessel designed exclusively or primarily for the public carriage of passengers by navigable inland
waterways.

C.II-06. Inland waterway fleet

Number  of  IWT  vessels  registered  at  a  given  date  in  a  country  and  authorized  to  use  inland
waterways open for public navigation.

Changes in the fleet refer to changes, in total or within a vessel type, in the inland waterway fleet
of  the  reporting  country,  resulting  from  new  construction,  modification  in  type  or  capacity,
purchases or sales abroad, scrapping, casualties, or transfers to or from the marine register.

C.II-07. Self-propelled barge

IWT freight vessel having its own means of mechanical propulsion.

Towed barges, pushed barges and pushed-towed barges which have an auxiliary engine only must
be  regarded  as  towed  barges,  pushed  barges  or  pushed-towed  barges  as  the  case  may  be.    The
fact that a self-propelled barge can be used for towing does not change its  nature.

54

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.II-08. Self-propelled tanker barge

Self-propelled barge intended for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

Tankers for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flour, plaster, etc., are to
be excluded and are to be counted among self-propelled barges.

C.II-09. Self-propelled pusher barge

Self-propelled barge designed or fitted to push pushed or pushed-towed barges.

C.II-10. Self-propelled pusher tanker barge

Self-propelled pusher barge for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

Tankers for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flour, plaster, etc., are to
be excluded and are to be counted among self-propelled pusher barges.

C.II-11. Self-propelled vessel for river-sea navigation

IWT freight vessel having a carrying capacity of at least 20 tonnes also designed for the transport
of goods by sea and equipped with their own means of propulsion developing at least 37 kW.

C.II-12. Dumb barge

IWT  freight  vessel  designed  to  be  towed  which  does  not  have  its  own  means  of  mechanical
propulsion.

The fact that a dumb barge is fitted with an auxiliary engine does not change its nature.

C.II-13. Dumb tanker barge

Dumb barge for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

Tankers for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flour, plaster, etc., are to
be excluded and are to be counted among dumb  barges.

C.II-14. Pushed barge

IWT freight vessel which is designed to be pushed and does not have its own means of mechanical
propulsion.

The fact that a pushed barge is fitted with an auxiliary engine does not change its nature.

C.II-15. Pushed tanker barge

Pushed barge for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

Tankers for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flour, plaster, etc., are to
be excluded and are to be counted among pushed barges.

55

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.II-16. Pushed-towed barge

IWT freight vessel which is designed to be either pushed or towed and does not have its own means
of mechanical propulsion.

The fact that a pushed-towed barge is fitted with an auxiliary engine does not change its nature.

C.II-17. Pushed-towed tanker barge

Pushed-towed barge for the bulk transport of liquids or gases.

Tankers for the transport in bulk of powdered products such as cement, flour, plaster etc., are to
be excluded and are to be counted among pushed-towed barges.

C.II-18. Tug

Powered  vessel  developing  not  less  than  37  kW  and  designed  for  the  towing  of  dumb  barges,
pushed-towed barges, and rafts, but not for the carriage of goods.

Port and sea tugs are excluded.

C.II-19. Pusher vessel

Powered vessel developing not less than 37 kW and designed or fitted for the pushing of pushed or
pushed-towed barges but not for the carriage of goods.

Port pusher vessels are excluded.

C.II-20. Pusher tug

Powered  vessel  developing  not  less  than  37  kW  and  designed  or  fitted  for  the  towing  of  dumb
barges, pushed-towed barges, or rafts, and for the pushing of pushed and pushed-towed barges, but
not for the carriage of goods.

C.II-21. Carrying capacity

Maximum  permissible  weight  of  goods,  expressed  in  tonnes,  which  a  vessel  may  carry  in
accordance with its documents.

C.II-22. Capacity of an IWT passenger vessel

Maximum  permissible  number  of  passengers  that  a  vessel  may  carry  in  accordance  with  its
documents.

C.II-23. Power (kW)

Mechanical force developed by the motive power installation in a vessel.

This power should be measured in effective kilowatts (power transmitted to the propeller) :
1 kW=1.36 h.p.; 1 h.p.= 0.735 kW.

C.II-24. Year of construction of vessel

Year of original construction of the hull.

56

C.III. ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.III-01.  Transport for hire or reward

Carriage, for remuneration, of persons or goods on behalf of third parties.

C.III-02.  Transport on own-account

Transport which is not for hire or reward.

C.III-03.  Enterprise

Institutional  unit  or  smallest  combination  of  institutional  units  that  encloses  and  directly  or
indirectly controls all necessary functions to carry out its production activities4.

The requirements of an enterprise are that it has one ownership or control. It can, however, be
heterogenous with regard to its economic activity as well as to its location.

C.III-04.  IWT enterprise

Enterprise  carrying  out  in  one  or  more  places  activities  for  the  production  of  IWT  services  using
IWT vessels and whose main activities according to the value added is inland waterway transport.

In terms of activity classifications the following classes are involved:
-- ISIC/Rev.35:  Class 6120 - Inland waterway transport
-- NACE/Rev.16:  Class 61.20 - Fluvial transport

Even  those  enterprises  without  salaried  employees  are  taken  into  account.  Only  units  that
actually carry out an activity during the reference period should be included. "Dormant" units or
those that have not as yet begun their activity are excluded.

C.III-05. Public IWT enterprise

IWT  enterprise  which  is  principally  owned  (more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  capital)  by  the  State  or
public authorities and their enterprises.

C.III-06.  Employment

Average  number  of  persons  working  during  the  given  period  in  an  IWT  enterprise  (inclusive  of
working owners, partners working regularly in the enterprise and unpaid family workers), as well as
persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

4ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.
5ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.
6NACE/Rev.1 - Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Communities, Official Journal, No.
L 83, 3 April, 1993.

57

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.III-07.  Turnover

Total  amount  invoiced  by  the  IWT  enterprise  during  the  period  under  review.  This  total
corresponds  to  market  sales  of  goods  or  services  supplied  to  third  parties.  Turnover  includes  all
duties  and  taxes  on  the  goods  or  services  invoiced  by  the  enterprise  with  the  exception  of  VAT
invoiced  by  the  unit  vis-a-vis  its  customers.  It  also  includes  all  other  charges  to  customers.
Reductions  in  prices,  rebates  and  discounts  as  well  as  the  value  of  returned  packing  must  be
deducted, but not cash discounts.

Turnover  does  not  include  sales  of  fixed  assets.  Operating  subsidies  received  from  public
authorities are also excluded.

C.III-08. Revenues

Amounts  expressed  in  monetary  units  which  are  entered  in  the  accounts  as  credit  to  the  IWT
enterprise.

C.III-09. Types of revenues

The main categories of revenues to be considered are:

-- Revenues from transport operations
This category includes goods and passenger traffic revenues.

--Amounts received from the State or other public bodies
This category includes compensation receipts and other subsidies.

-- Other revenues
This category includes revenues not related to transport activities, e.g. financial revenues, etc.

C.III-10.  Costs

The amount of available resources spent by the IWT enterprise in connection with an operation or
service, or with a series of operations and services.

C.III-11.  Types of costs

The main categories of costs are:

-- Labour costs
Including wages and salaries of active staff, pensions, various social charges, etc.

-- Material and service costs
Including purchases of other material and services supplied by third parties, but excludes energy
consumption cost.

-- Energy consumption costs

-- Taxes

-- Financial charges

-- Other costs
Including amounts allocated to depreciation and provisions,etc.

58

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.III-12.  Value added

Gross output of the IWT enterprise less the value of its intermediate consumption. Value added of
domestic production of all of a country's IWT enterprises is equal to their contribution to the GDP
of that country.

It is understood that Value added, in this context, is expressed in market prices.

C.III-13.  Tangible investment

The  outlay  (purchases  and  own  account  production)  of  IWT  enterprises  on  additions  of  new  and
used capital goods (commodities) added to their stocks of fixed capital assets minus their net sales
of similar second-hand and scrapped goods.

The contribution of all IWT enterprises to the gross fixed capital formation of a country is equal
to the total of their tangible investment less the balance between the purchase and sale of land.

C.III-14.  Investment expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure on new construction and extension of existing infrastructure, including reconstruction,
renewal and major repairs.

Expenditure on locks is included.

C.III-15. Investment expenditure on vessels

Expenditure on purchase of vessels.

C.III-16.  Maintenance expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure for keeping infrastructure in working order.

Expenditure on locks is included.

C.III-17. Maintenance expenditure on vessels

Expenditure for keeping vessels in working order.

C.IV. TRAFFIC

C.IV-01. Inland waterway traffic

Any movement of an IWT vessel on a given network.

When  a  vessel  is  being  carried  on  another  vehicle,  only  the  movement  of  the  carrying  vehicle
(active mode) is taken into account.

C.IV-02. Inland waterway traffic on national territory

Any movement of an IWT vessel within a national territory irrespective of the country in which the
vessel is registered.

59

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.IV-03. Unladen inland waterway traffic

Any  movement  of  an  IWT  freight  vessel  for  which  the  gross-gross  weight  of  goods  carried,
including  that  of  equipment  such  as  containers,  swap-bodies  and  pallets,  is  nil;  as  well  as  any
movement of an IWT passenger vessel without passengers.

The movement of an IWT vessel carrying empty equipment such as containers, swap-bodies and
pallets is not considered to be an unladen journey.

C.IV-04. Inland waterway journey

Any movement of an IWT vessel from a specified point of origin to a specified point of destination.

Journey can be divided in a number of stages or sections.

C.IV-05. Vessel-kilometre

Unit of measurement representing the movement of an IWT vessel over one kilometre.

The  distance  taken  into  account  is  the  distance  actually  run.  Movements  of  unladen  vessels  are
included. In a convoy, each unit is counted as a vessel.

C.IV-06. Inland waterway convoy

One or more non-powered IWT vessels which are towed or pushed by one or more powered IWT
vessels.

C.IV-07. Vehicle-kilometre

Unit  of  measurement  of  traffic  representing  the  movement  of  an  individual  IWT  vessel  or  convoy
over one kilometre.

The  distance  taken  into  account  is  the  distance  actually  run.  Movements  of  unladen  individual
vessels or convoys are included.

C.IV-08. Tonne-kilometre offered

Unit of measure representing the movement of one tonne available in an IWT freight vessel when
performing the services for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The distance to be considered is the distance actually run.

C.IV-09. Seat-kilometre offered

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  over  one  kilometre  of  one  seat  available  in  an  IWT
passenger vessel when performing the services for which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

The distance to be considered is the distance actually run.

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C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.IV-10. Entry of an IWT vessel

Any laden or unladen IWT vessel which entered the country by inland waterway.
If  an  IWT  vessel  is  entering  the  country  by  another  mode  of  transport,  only  the  active  mode  is
considered to have entered that country.

C.IV-11. Exit of an IWT vessel

Any laden or unladen IWT vessel which left the country by inland waterway.

If  an  IWT  vessel  is  leaving  the  country  by  another  mode  of  transport,  only  the  active  mode  is
considered as leaving that country.

C.IV-12. Transit of an IWT vessel

Any  laden  or  unladen  IWT  vessel  which  has  entered  and  left  the  country  at  different  points  by
whatever means of transport provided the total journey within the country was by inland waterway
and that there has been no loading or unloading operation in the country.

IWT vessels loaded/unloaded at the frontier of that country onto/from another mode of transport
are included.

C.V.

TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

C.V-01. Inland waterway transport (IWT)

Any  movement  of  goods  and/or  passengers  using  an  IWT  vessel  on  a  given  inland    waterway
network.

When  an  IWT  vessel  is  being  carried  on  another  vehicle,  only  the  movement  of  the  carrying
vehicle (active mode) is taken into account.

C.V-02. National inland waterway transport

Inland  waterway  transport  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the IWT
vessel is registered. It may involve transit through a second country.

C.V-03. Inland waterway cabotage transport

National IWT performed by an IWT vessel registered in another country.

C.V-04. International inland waterway transport

Inland  waterway  transport  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation) located in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or
more additional countries.

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C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.V-05. Cross-trade inland waterway transport

International IWT performed by an IWT vessel registered in a third country.

A third country is a country other than the country of loading/embarkation or than the country of
unloading/disembarkation.

C.V-06. Inland waterway transit

IWT  through  a  country  between  two  places  (a  place  of  loading/embarkation  and  a  place  of
unloading/disembarkation) both located in another country or in other countries provided the total
journey within the country is by an IWT vessel and that there is no loading and unloading in that
country.

IWT vessels loaded/unloaded at the frontier of that country onto/from another mode of transport
are included.

C.V-07. Urban inland waterway transport

Transport carried out on inland waterways located within the boundaries of a built-up area.

Only transport carried out mainly or solely on inland waterways located within the boundaries of
a built-up area are regarded as urban transport.

C.V-08. Inland waterway passenger

Any person who makes a journey on board of an IWT vessel. Service staff  assigned to IWT vessels
are  not regarded as passengers.

C.V-09. Inland waterway passenger-kilometre

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  transport  of  one  passenger  by  inland  waterways  over  one
kilometre.

The distance to be taken into consideration is the distance actually travelled by the  passenger.

C.V-10. Purpose of inland waterway passenger journeys

The reasons for undertaking journeys are:

-- Work and education (Commuting)
-- Business
-- Holidays
-- Other (shopping, leisure, family).

C.V-11. Inland waterway passenger embarked

Passenger who boards an IWT vessel to be conveyed by it.

A transfer from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as embarkation after disembarkation.

62

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.V-12. Inland waterway passenger disembarked

A passenger disembarking from an IWT vessel after having been conveyed by it.

A transfer from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as disembarkation before re-embarkation.

C.V-13. Inland waterway passenger transport link

The  combination  of  the  place  of  embarkation  and  the  place  of  disembarkation  of  the  passenger
conveyed by inland waterways whichever itinerary is followed.

Places are defined by using international classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature of
Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

C.V-14. Place of embarkation

The  place  taken  into  account  is  the  place  where  the  passenger  boarded  an  IWT  vessel  to  be
conveyed by it.

A transfer from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as embarkation after disembarkation.

C.V-15. Place of disembarkation

The  place  taken  into  account  is  the  place  where  the  passenger  disembarked  from  an  IWT  vessel
after having been conveyed by it.

A transfer from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as disembarkation before re-embarkation.

C.V-16. Goods carried by inland waterways

Any goods moved by IWT freight vessel.

This includes all packaging and equipment such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets.

C.V-17. Weight

The weight to be taken into consideration is the gross-gross weight of goods.

The weight taken into consideration is equivalent to the total weight of the goods and packaging
and  the  tare  weight  of  equipment  such  as  containers,  swap  bodies  and  pallets.  When  this  tare-
weight is excluded, the weight is gross weight.

C.V-18. Tonne-kilometre by inland waterways

Unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne by inland waterways
over one kilometre.

The distance taken into account is the distance actually run.

C.V-19. Types of goods carried by inland waterways

The categories of goods carried by inland waterways are those defined by the NST/R nomenclature
(Standard Goods Nomenclature for Transport Statistics/revised -Eurostat) or CSTE nomenclature
(Commodity Classification for Transport Statistics in Europe - UNECE).

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C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.V-20. Dangerous goods

The  classes  of  dangerous  goods  carried  by  inland  waterways  are  those  defined  by  the  European
Agreement  concerning  the  International  Carriage  of  Dangerous  Goods  by  Inland  Waterways
(ADN).

C.V-21. Goods loaded

Goods placed on an IWT vessel and dispatched by inland waterways.

Transshipment from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as loading after unloading. The same
applies to changes of pusher tugs or tugs.

C.V-22. Goods unloaded

Goods taken off an IWT vessel after transport by inland waterways.

Transshipment from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as unloading before re-loading. The
same applies to changes of pusher tugs and tugs.

C.V-23. Goods  having  left  the  country  by  inland  waterways  (other  than  goods  in  transit  by  inland

waterways throughout)

Goods  which,  having  been  loaded  on  an  IWT  vessel  in  the  country,  left  the  country  by  inland
waterways and were unloaded in another country.

C.V-24. Goods having entered the country by inland waterways (other than goods in transit by inland

waterways throughout)

Goods  which,  having  been  loaded  on  an  IWT  vessel  in  another  country,  entered  the  country  by
inland waterways and were unloaded there.

C.V-25. Goods in transit by inland waterways throughout

Goods which entered the country by inland waterways and left the country by inland waterways at a
point different from the point of entry, after having been carried across the country solely by inland
waterways in the same IWT freight vessel.

Transshipments from one IWT vessel to another and changes of pusher tugs or tugs are regarded
as loading/unloading.

C.V-26. Goods IWT link

The  combination  of  the  place  of  loading  and  the  place  of  unloading  of  the  goods  transported  by
inland waterways whichever itinerary is followed.

Places are defined by using international classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature of
Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

C.V-27. Place of loading

The place taken into account is the place where the goods were loaded on an IWT freight vessel or
where pusher tugs and tugs have been changed.

64

C.V-28. Place of unloading

The  place  taken  into  account  is  the  place  where  the  goods  were  unloaded  from  an  IWT  freight
vessel or where pusher tugs and tugs have been changed.

C. Inland Waterway Transport

C.VI. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

C.VI-01. Energy consumption by IWT

Final energy consumption by IWT vessels.

This includes final energy consumption by unladen IWT vessels.

C.VI-02. Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit of measurement of energy consumption  : 1 TOE  =  0.041868 TJ.

Conversion factors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for 1991 are as follows:
-- Motor gasoline
-- Gas/diesel oil
-- Heavy fuel oil
-- Liquified petroleum gas
-- Natural gas

1.070
1.035
0.960
1.130
0.917

The conversion factor used by the IEA for electricity is:  1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe.

C.VI-03. Joule

Unit of measurement of energy consumption:
1 terajoule = 1012J = 2.78 x 105 kWh,
1 terajoule = 23.88459 TOE.

C.VI-04. Motor gasoline (petrol)

Light hydrocarbon oil for use in internal combustion engines, excluding those in aircraft.

Motor gasoline is distilled between 35oC and 215oC and treated by reforming, catalytic cracking
or blending with an aromatic fraction to reach a sufficiently high octane number (>80 RON).
Calorific value:  44.8 TJ/1 000 t.

C.VI-05. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil)

Oil obtained from the lowest fraction from atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

Gas/diesel oil includes heavy gas oils obtained by vacuum re-distillation of the residual from
atmospheric distillation. Gas/diesel oil distils between 200oC and 380oC, with less than 65 per
cent in volume at 250oC, including losses, and 80 per cent or more at 350oC. The flash-point is
always above 50oC and their density is higher than 0.81. Heavy oils obtained by blending are
grouped together with gas oils, provided that their kinematic viscosity does not exceed 25 cST at
40oC.
Calorific value:  43.3 TJ/1 000 t.

65

 
 
 
D

OIL PIPELINE TRANSPORT

67

D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.I/II.

INFRASTRUCTURE/ TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

D.I/II-01. Oil pipelines

Pipes for the movement of crude or refined liquid petroleum products by pumping.

Branch lines are included as well as oil pipelines between the land and drilling platforms at sea.
Excluded are oil pipelines whose total length is less than 50 km or whose inside diameter is less
than  15  centimetres  and  oil  pipelines  used  only  for  military  purposes  or  located  entirely  within
the site boundaries of an industrial operation, as well as oil pipelines that are entirely off-shore
(i.e. located solely out in the open sea). International oil pipelines whose total length is 50 km or
more  are  included  even  if  the  section  in  the  reporting  country  is  less  than  50  km  long.  Oil
pipelines consisting of two (or more) parallel pipelines are to be counted twice (or more).

Only units which actually carry out an activity during the reference period should be considered.
"Dormant" units or those not yet having begun their activity are excluded.

D.I/II-02. Oil pipeline network

All oil pipelines in a given area.

The  territory  of  the  area  in  question  includes  that  part  of  the  seabed  allocated  to  it  under  a
concession.

D.I/II-03. Carrying capacity of an oil pipeline

Maximum tonnage of products that the oil pipeline may move during the given  period.

The carrying capacity of an pipeline is generally measured in terms of "thousand barrels a day".
In  converting  barrels  to  tones,  the  conversion  factor  for  crude  oil  is:  1  tonne  =  7.55  barrels
(there  is  a  slight  variation  according  to  the  type  of  crude).  For  petroleum  products  conversion
factor is: 1 tonne = 7.5 barrels.

D.III. ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

D.III-01. Enterprise

Institutional  unit  or  smallest  combination  of  institutional  units  that  encloses  and  directly  or
indirectly controls all necessary functions to carry out its production activities7.

The requirements of an enterprise are that it has one ownership or control. It can, however, be
heterogenous with regard to its economic activity as well as to its location.

7 ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.

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D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.III-02. Oil pipeline enterprise

Enterprise  formed  to  carry  out  in  one  or  more  places  activities  for  the  production  of  oil  pipeline
transport  services  and  whose  main  activities  according  to  the  value-added  is  transport  by  oil
pipelines.

In terms of activity classifications the following classes are involved:

-- ISIC/Rev.38:  6030 - Transport via pipelines.
-- NACE/Rev.19:  60.30 - Transport via pipelines.

Only  units  that  actually  carry  out  an  activity  during  the  reference  period  should  be  included.
"Dormant" units or those that have not as yet begun their activity are excluded.

D.III-03. Public oil pipeline transport enterprise

Oil pipeline enterprise which is principally owned (more than 50 per cent of the capital) by the State
or public authorities and their enterprises.

D.III-04. Employment

Average number of persons working during the given period in an oil pipeline transport enterprise
and persons working outside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

D.III-05. Turnover

Total amount invoiced by the oil pipeline transport enterprise during the period under review. This
corresponds  to  market  sales  of  goods  or  services  supplied  to  third  parties.  Turnover  includes  all
duties  and  taxes  on  the  goods  or  services  invoiced  by  the  enterprise  with  the  exception  of  VAT
invoiced  by  the  unit  vis-à-vis  its  customers.  It  also  includes  all  other  charges  to  the  customers.
Reductions in prices, rebates and discounts must be deducted, but not cash discounts.

Turnover  does  not  include  sales  of  fixed  assets.  Operating  subsidies  received  from  public
authorities are also excluded.

D.III-06. Revenues

Amounts expressed in monetary units which are entered in the accounts as credit to the oil pipeline
transport enterprise.

8 ISIC/Rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers, Series
M, No.4, Rev.3, United Nations, 1990.
9NACE/Rev.1 - Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Communities, Official Journal, No.
L 83, 3 April 1993.

70

D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.III-07. Types of revenues

The main categories of revenues to be considered are:

-- Revenues from transport operations

-- Amounts received from the State or other public bodies
This category includes compensation receipts and other subsidies.

-- Other revenues
This  category  includes  revenues  not  related  to  oil  pipeline  transport  activities,  e.g.  financial
revenues, etc.

D.III-08. Costs

The amount of available resources spent by the oil pipeline transport enterprise in conjunction with
an operation or service, or with a series of operations and services.

D.III-09. Types of costs

The main categories of costs to be considered are:

-- Labour costs
Including wages and salaries of active staff, pensions, various social charges, etc.

-- Material and service costs
Including purchases of other material and services supplied by third parties, but excludes energy
consumption cost.

-- Energy consumption costs

-- Taxes

-- Financial charges

-- Other costs
Including amounts allocated to depreciation and provisions, etc.

D.III-10. Value added

Gross output of the oil pipeline transport enterprise less the value of its intermediate consumption.
Value added of domestic production of all oil pipeline transport enterprises in a country is equal to
their contribution to the GDP of that country.

It is understood that Value Added, in this context, is expressed in market prices.

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D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.III-11. Tangible investment

The  outlay  (purchases  and  own  account  production)  of  oil  pipeline  transport  enterprises  on
additions  of  new  and  used  capital  goods  (commodities)  to  their  stocks  of  fixed  capital  assets  less
their net sales of similar second-hand and scrapped goods.

The contribution of all oil pipeline transport enterprises to the gross fixed capital formation of a
country  is  equal  to  the  total  of  their  tangible  investment  less  the  balance  between  the  purchase
and sale of land.

D.III-12. Investment expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure  on  new  construction,  extension  of  existing  infrastructure,  including  reconstruction,
renewal and major repairs.

Expenditure on pumping facilities is included.

D.III-13. Maintenance expenditure on infrastructure

Expenditure for keeping infrastructure in working order.

Expenditure on pumping facilities is included.

D.IV/V. TRAFFIC/ TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

D.IV/V-01. Oil pipeline transport

Any movement of crude or refined liquid petroleum products in a given oil pipeline network.

D.IV/V-02. National oil pipeline transport

Oil pipeline transport between two places (a pumping-in place and a pumping-out place) located in
the same country or in that part of the seabed allocated to it. It may involve transit through a second
country.

D.IV/V-03. International oil pipeline transport

Oil pipeline transport between two places (a pumping-in place and a pumping-out place) located in
two  different  countries  or  on  those  parts  of  the  seabed  allocated  to  them.  It  may  involve  transit
through one or more additional countries.

D.IV/V-04. Goods transported by oil pipeline

Any crude or refined liquid petroleum products moved by oil pipelines.

D.IV/V-05. Tonne-kilometre by oil pipeline

Unit of measure of transport which represents transport of one tonne of goods by oil pipeline over
one kilometre.

The distance taken into account is the distance actually run.

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D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.IV/V-06. Types of goods transported by oil pipeline

The  categories  of  goods  carried  by  oil  pipeline  are  those  defined  by  the  NST/R  nomenclature
(Standard Goods Nomenclature for Transport Statistics/revised - Eurostat) or CSTE nomenclature
(Commodity Classification for Transport Statistics in Europe - UNECE).

D.IV/V-07. Tonne-kilometre offered

Unit of measure representing the transport capacity of oil pipeline measured by the movement over
one kilometre of a tonne of goods that can be transported by oil pipeline during the given period.

D.IV/V-08. Goods having left the country by oil pipeline (other than goods in transit by oil pipeline 

throughout)

Goods  which,  having  been  pumped  into  an  oil  pipeline  in  the  country  or  that  part  of  the  seabed
allocated to it, left the country by oil pipeline and were pumped out in another country.

D.IV/V-09. Goods  having  entered  the  country  by  oil  pipeline  (other  than  goods  in  transit  by  oil

pipeline throughout)

Goods which, having been pumped into an oil pipeline in another country or that part of the seabed
allocated to it, entered the country by oil pipeline and were pumped out  there.

D.IV/V-10. Goods in transit by oil pipeline throughout

Goods  which  entered  the  country  by  oil  pipeline  and  left  the  country  by  oil  pipeline  at  a  point
different  from  the  point  of  entry,  after  having  been  transported  across  the  country  solely  by  oil
pipeline.

Goods  which  entered  and/or  left  the  country  in  question  by  vessels  after  pumping  into/pumping
out  of an oil pipeline at the frontier are included.

D.IV/V-11. Goods oil pipeline transport link

The combination of the pumping-in place and the pumping-out place of the goods transported by oil
pipeline whichever itinerary is followed.

Places are defined by using international classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature of
Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

D.IV/V-12. Pumping-in place

The place taken into account is the place at which the goods were pumped into an oil pipeline.

D.IV/V-13. Pumping-out place

The place taken into account is the place at which the goods were pumped out of an oil pipeline.

73

D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.VI. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

D.VI-01. Energy consumed for transport by oil pipeline

Final energy consumed for movement of products by oil pipeline.

D.VI-02. Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit of measurement of energy consumption : 1 TOE  =  0.041868 TJ.

Conversion factors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for 1991 are as follows:
-- Motor gasoline
-- Gas/diesel oil
-- Heavy fuel oil
-- Liquefied petroleum gas
-- Natural gas

1.070
1.035
0.960
1.130
0.917

The conversion factor used by the IEA for electricity is:  1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe.

D.VI-03. Joule

Unit of measurement of energy consumption:
1 terajoule = 1012J = 2.78 x 105 kWh.
1 terajoule = 23.88459 TOE.

D.VI-04. Motor gasoline (petrol)

Light hydrocarbon oil for use in internal combustion engines, excluding those in aircraft.

Motor gasoline is distilled between 35oC and 215oC and treated by reforming, catalytic cracking
or blending with an aromatic fraction to reach a sufficiently high octane number (>80 RON).

Calorific value:  44.8 TJ/1 000 t.

D.VI-05. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil)

Oil obtained from the lowest fraction from atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

Gas/diesel  oil  includes  heavy  gas  oils  obtained  by  vacuum  re-distillation  of  the  residual  from
atmospheric distillation. Gas/diesel oil distils between 200oC and 380oC,  with  less  than  65 per
cent in volume at 250oC, including losses, and 80 per cent or more at 350oC.  The flash-point is
always  above  50oC  and  their  density  is  higher  than  0.81.  Heavy  oils  obtained  by  blending  are
grouped together with gas oils, provided that their kinematic viscosity does not exceed 25 cST at
40o C.

Calorific value:  43.3 TJ/1 000 t.

74

 
 
 
D. Oil Pipeline Transport

D.VI-06. Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)

Light hydrocarbons of the paraffin series which are derived solely from the distillation of crude oil.

The  LPG  comprise  propane  and  butane  or  a  mixture  of  these  two  hydrocarbons.  They  can  be
liquefied under low pressure (5-10 atmospheres). In the liquid state and at a temperature of 38oC
they have a relative vapour pressure less than or equal to 24.5 bars. Their specific gravity ranges
from 0.50 to 0.58.

D.VI-07. Natural gas

Natural  gas  consists  mainly  of  methane  occurring  naturally  in  underground  deposits,  associated
with crude oil or gas recovered from coal mines (colliery gas).

D.VI-08. Electric power

Energy  produced  by  hydro-electric,  geothermal,  nuclear  and  conventional  thermal  power  stations,
excluding energy produced by hydro-electric pumping stations, measured by the calorific value of
electricity (3.6TJ/GWh).

75

E

MARITIME TRANSPORT

77

E. Maritime Transport

E.I.

INFRASTRUCTURE

E.I-01. Maritime coastal area

A  maritime  coastal  area  is  normally  defined  as  a  contiguous  stretch  of  coastline,  together  with
islands offshore. It is defined either in terms of one or more ranges of ports along the coastline, or in
terms of the latitude and longitude of one or more sets of extremities of the coastal area.

River  banks  can  be  included.  For  some  countries,  two  separate  stretches  of  coastline  may  be
counted  as  one  maritime  coastal  area,  as,  for  example,  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coastlines  of
Mexico.

E.I-02. Port

A place having facilities for merchant ships to moor and to load or unload cargo or to disembark or
embark passengers to or from vessels, usually directly to a pier.

E.I-03. Statistical port

A statistical port consists of one or more ports, normally controlled by a single port authority, able to
record ship and cargo movements.

E.I-04. Hub port

A port served by deep sea scheduled shipping and by scheduled short sea shipping.

E.I-05. UN/LOCODE

5 character code where the first two characters are the ISO 3166 country codes while the remaining
three  are  derived  from  Recommendation  16  from  the  UNECE  in  Geneva,  together  with  Eurostat
supplied codes for ports not yet included in the UN system.

E.I-06. Port accessibility - maritime

Port accessibility is defined by the following characteristics:

i) Maximum length of vessel which can be accommodated at the port - metres
ii) Maximum draft of vessel which can be accommodated at the port - metres
iii) Port approach width and depth above low water- metres
iv) Entrance channel width and depth above low water - metres
v) Tidal window in hours for which vessels of maximum draft can enter and leave port.
vi) Height restrictions above high water - metres (reflecting bridges)
vii) Tidal range - metres

E.I-07. Port land side facilities

i) Total port land area - m2
ii) Crude oil and petroleum products storage areas - m2
iii) Other bulk storage and stacking areas - m2
iv) Container stacking areas - in m2 and TEU
v) Other areas - m2
vi) Roads - m

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E. Maritime Transport

vii) Rail track - m
viii) Passenger terminals - number and number of vessels accommodated per terminal

The bulk storage and stacking area includes facilities for dry bulks, timber, paper, semi bulks etc.
Rail track includes sidings.

E.I-08. Port storage areas

Area in m2 in ports for storage by type of facility. Height in metres for covered areas.

i) Open, not securely enclosed
ii) Open and securely enclosed
iii) Covered but not enclosed
iv) Covered, enclosed

A securely enclosed area has fences, walls and/or surveillance systems.

E.I-09. Port quay lengths by use

Total quay length in metres
Quay length in metres allocated by use
i) Multi-service quays
Dedicated quays
ii) Ro-Ro
iii) Containers
iv) Other General Cargo
v) Dry Bulk
vi) Liquid Bulk
vii) Passenger
viii) Fishing
ix) Other

E.I-10. Port quay lengths by depth of water

Quay lengths in metres available by depth of water for ships moored alongside at low tide.

Possible depth ranges for collection are as follows

i) Up to 4 metres
ii) More than 4 and up to 6 metres
iii) More than 6 and up to 8 metres
iv) More than 8 and up to 10 metres
v) More than 10 and up to 12 metres
vi) More than 12 and up to 14 metres
vii) More than 14 metres

E.I-11. Ro-Ro berth

A  location  at  which  a  Ro-Ro  ship  can  berth  and  load  and  unload  motor  vehicles  and  other  mobile
Ro-Ro units via ramps from ship to shore and vice versa.

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E. Maritime Transport

E.I-12. Port cranes by lifting capacity

Number of cranes available in ports by lifting capacity.

Possible classes of lifting capacity are as follows

i) 10 tonnes or less
ii) Greater than 10 tonnes and up to 20 tonnes
iii) Greater than 20 tonnes and up to 40 tonnes
iv) Greater than 40 tonnes

E.I-13. Port cranes by type

Number of cranes available in ports by type

i) Mobile container cranes
ii) Other container cranes
Other crane

E.I-14. Port repair facilities

Repair facilities at ports by number and by maximum size of vessel accommodated

i) Dry docks
ii) Floating docks
iii) Slipways
iv) Dedicated ship repair quays

E.I-15. Port navigation aids and services

Availability or not of navigation aids and services a) at ports and b) in the approach channels

i) Pilotage services
ii) Lights and lighthouses
iii) Radar and radio beacons
iv) Vessel Traffic System (VTS) within port and coastal navigation services around port
v) Tugs for in-port manoeuvring - number
vi) Escort tugs for tankers - number
vii) Bunkering facilities
viii) Mooring services

E.I-16. Port hinterland links and short sea shipping

Availability of short sea shipping and availability and distance to hinterland links from nearest port
entrance in kms

i) Short sea shipping
ii) Passenger railhead
iii) Freight railhead
iv) Motorway access
v) Inland waterway connections
vi) Airport

81

E. Maritime Transport

II.

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (VESSEL)

E.II-01. Seagoing vessel

Floating marine structure with one or more surface displacement hulls.

Hydrofoil, air cushion vehicles (hovercraft), catamarans (high speed craft), oil rigs, light vessels
and  seagoing  barges  are  included.  Vessels  under  repair  are  included.  Vessels,  which  navigate
exclusively  in  inland  waterways  or  in  waters  within,  or  closely  adjacent  to,  sheltered  waters  or
areas where port regulations apply, are excluded.

E.II-02. Year of construction of vessel

Year of the completion of construction of a vessel.

E.II-03. Year of last major refit or modification

The year in which a vessel last underwent a major modification or refit affecting its structure.

E.II-04. Dry cargo seagoing barge

This  category  includes  deck  barges,  hopper  barges,  lash-seabee  barges,  open  dry  cargo  barges,
covered dry cargo barges and other dry cargo barges.

E.II-05. Ship (Boat)

Seagoing self-propelled surface-displacement vessel.

Catamarans  (High  Speed  Craft)  are  included.  Hydrofoil,  air  cushion  vehicles  (hovercraft),
submersibles and submarines are excluded. A seagoing ship actually goes to sea, that is, outside
the boundary within which inland waterway technical safety regulations apply, and outside which
the ship's operators must satisfy the seagoing regulations.

E.II-06. Merchant ship

Ship designed for the carriage of goods, transport of passengers or specially fitted out for a specific
commercial duty.

Naval ships and ships used by public administration and public services are excluded. Merchant
ships  are  divided  into  cargo  and  passenger  carrying  ships  and  ships  of  miscellaneous  activities,
specially fitted out for a specific duty. Ships of miscellaneous activities include fish catching and
processing ships, tugs, dredgers, research/survey ships, and ships used in offshore production and
support.
While the following specific types are identified, based on the Eurostat classification (ICST-COM)
which  is  harmonised  with  the  UNCTAD  International  Classification  of  Ship  Types,  barges  are
treated separately and not included in the definition of a Merchant ship:

i)  Liquid bulk carrier

This  category  includes  oil  tankers,  chemical  tankers,  LG  tanker,  tanker  barge  and  other
tankers. Liquid bulk carriers should be further subdivided into
(a) Single hulled liquid bulk carriers
(b) Double hulled liquid bulk carriers

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E. Maritime Transport

ii)  Dry bulk carrier

This category includes bulk/oil carriers and bulk carriers.

iii)  Container ship

Ship  fitted  throughout  with  fixed  or  portable  cell  guides  for  the  exclusive  carriage  of
containers.

iv)  Specialised carrier

Ship specially designed for the carriage of particular cargoes.
This category includes vehicle carrier, livestock carrier, irradiated fuel carrier, barge carrier
and chemical carrier.

v)  General cargo non-specialised

carrier  general 

Ships designed to carry a wide range of goods
This  category  includes  reefer,  ro-ro  passenger,  ro-ro  container,  other  ro-ro  cargo,
combination 
carrier  general
cargo/passenger  and 
cargo/container.
This category should be subdivided into
(a)  High  speed  general  cargo  non-specialised  meeting  the  requirements  set  out  in  the  IMO
HSC Code paragraph 1.4.30
(b) Other general cargo non-specialised

combination 

vi)  Dry cargo barge

This  category  includes  deck  barges,  hopper  barges,  lash-seabee  barges,  open  dry  cargo
barges, covered dry cargo barges and other dry cargo barges.

vii) Passenger ship

Ship  designed  specifically  to  carry  more  than  12  fare-paying  passengers  whether  berthed  or
unberthed.
This category should be subdivided into
(c)  High  speed  passenger  ship  specialised  meeting  the  requirements  set  out  in  the  IMO  HSS
Code paragraph 1.4.30
(d) Other passenger ships
A ship designed with one or more decks specifically for the carriage of passengers, and where
there  is  either  no  cabin  accommodation  for  the  passengers  (un-berthed)  or  not  all  of  the
passengers are accommodated in cabins where cabins are provided, is sometimes referred to
as a "ferry".
Ro-Ro passenger ships are excluded.

viii) Fishing

This category includes fish catching and fish processing vessels.

ix) Offshore activities

This category includes drilling and exploration vessels and offshore support vessels.

x) Tugs

Ship designed for the towing and/or pushing of ships or other floating structures.
Port tugs are included.

xi)  Miscellaneous

This category includes dredgers, research/survey vessels and other vessels.
For  the  purposes  of  reporting  to  the  Directive  on  Maritime  Statistics  number  95/64/EC,  the
ship  types  included  are  liquid  bulk  carriers,  dry  bulk  carriers,  container  ships,  specialised
carriers, general cargo non-specialised and passenger ships.

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E. Maritime Transport

E.II-07. Cruise ship

A passenger ship intended to provide passengers with a full tourist experience. All passengers have
cabins. Facilities for entertainment aboard are included.

Ships operating normal ferry services are excluded, even if some passengers treat the service as a
cruise. In addition, cargo carrying vessels able to carry a very limited number of passengers with
their own cabins are also excluded. Ships intended solely for day excursions are also excluded.

E.II-08. Nationality of registration of seagoing vessel (Flag state)

Country and/or territory authorising the registry of a seagoing vessel.

A  seagoing  vessel  is  subject  to  the  maritime  regulations  in  respect  of  manning  scales,  safety
standards  and  consular  representation  abroad  of  its  country  and/or  territory  of  registration.
Some  countries  e.g.  Norway  and  Denmark  provide  ‘international’  or  ‘open’  registers  where  the
requirements are different from those in the ‘national’ register.

E.II-09. Seagoing vessel under national flag

Seagoing vessel, which is registered in the reporting country.

E.II-10. Seagoing vessel under foreign flag

Seagoing vessel, which is, registered in a country other than the reporting country.

E.II-11. Merchant fleet

Number of merchant ships over 100 tonnes registered at a given date in a country.

Changes  in  the  fleet  refer  to  changes  in  total  or  within  a  ship  type,  in  the  seagoing  fleet  of  the
reporting country, resulting from new construction, modification in type or capacity, transfers to
or  from  a  different  flag  state,  scrapping,  casualties,  or  transfer  to  or  from  the  fluvial  register.
Vessels under repair are included.

E.II-12. Deadweight (DWT)

The deadweight of a ship is the difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship on summer
load-line  in  water  with  a  specific  gravity  of  1,025  and  the  total  weight  of  the  ship,  i.e.  the
displacement in tonnes of a ship without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and
drinking water in the tanks, usable supplies as well as passengers, crew and their possessions.

E.II-13. Gross tonnage (GT)

Gross tonnage is a measure of the size of a ship determined in accordance with the provisions of the
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.

Prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  International  Convention,  the  Oslo  Convention  (1947)  was  in  force,
which produced substantially different figures for gross tonnage for some vessels. In some cases,
the gross tonnage measure for a vessel is available only on the basis of this earlier convention.

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E.II-14. Automatic Identification System

An automatic identification system is a system to:
·   Provide  information  -  including  the  ship's  identity,  type,  position,  course,  speed,  navigational
status  and  other  safety  related  information  -  automatically  to  appropriately  equipped  shore
stations, other ships and aircraft;

·   Receive automatically such information from similarly fitted ships;
·   Monitor and track ships;
·   Exchange data with shore-based facilities.

E.II-15. ISO Freight Container

An ISO freight container is a unit of transport equipment, which is:
i) Of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use;
ii)  Specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods, by one or more mode of transport, without
intermediate reloading;
iii)  Fitted  with  devices  permitting  its  ready  handling,  particularly  its  transfer  from  one  mode  of
transport to another;
iv)  So designed as to be easy to fill and empty;
v) Having a length of 20 feet or more.

In addition, containers should be stackable and have an internal volume of 1 m3 or more.
Swap bodies are excluded.
Although  without  internal  volume,  and  therefore  with  no  internal  volume,  flats  used  in  maritime
transport should be considered to be a special type of container and therefore are included here.
For a fuller description, reference should be made to ISO 668 and 1496.

E.II-16. TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)

Standard  unit  for  counting  containers  of  various  capacities  and  for  describing  the  capacities  of
container ships or terminals. One 20 Foot ISO container (see heading 17 below) equals 1 TEU.

E.II-17. Sizes of containers

The main sizes of containers are:

TEU equivalent
1
i)  20 Foot ISO containers (length of 20 feet and width of 8 feet);
2
ii)  40 Foot ISO container (length of 40 feet and width of 8 feet);
1.5
iii) ISO containers over 20 feet and under 40 feet in length
iv) ISO containers over 40 feet long
2.25
In addition, containers come in a range of standard heights 8 feet, 8½ feet and 9½ feet.

E.II-18. Types of containers

The main types of containers, as defined by ISO 668 Standards Handbook on Freight Containers are:
i) General purpose containers;
ii) Specific purpose containers.
- Closed ventilated container;
- Open top container;
- Platform based container open sided;
- Platform based container open sided with complete superstructure;
- Platform based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and fixed ends;
- Platform based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and folding ends;

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- Platform (container);
iii) Specific cargo containers;
- Thermal container;
- Insulated container;
- Refrigerated container - (expendable refrigerant);
- Mechanically refrigerated container;
- Heated container;
- Refrigerated and heated container;
- Tank container;
- Dry bulk container;
- Named cargo container (such as automobile, livestock and others).

E.II-19. Swap body

Carrying  unit  2½  metres  wide,  strong  enough  for  repeated  use,  but  not  enough  to  be  top-lifted  or
stackable more than two deep when loaded, and designed for intermodal transport by road or rail of
which at least one leg is by road or rail.

E.II-20. Mobile (Ro-Ro) unit

Wheeled equipment for carrying goods, such as a truck, trailer or semi-trailer, which can be driven
or towed onto a vessel. Live animals on the hoof are included.

Port or ships’ trailers are included in this definition.
Classifications  should  follow  United  Nations  ECE  Recommendation  No  21  ‘Codes  for  types  of
cargo, packages and packaging materials’.
Vehicles being transported as cargo as opposed to a means of transport for freight or passengers
are excluded.

E.II-21. Ship borne trailers

Trailers  onto  which  cargo,  e.g.  pallets,  containers  etc,  is  loaded  and  then  wheeled  onto  Ro-Ro
vessels.

An example of such trailers is MAFI trailers.

E.II-22. Pallet

Raised platform, intended to facilitate the lifting and stacking of goods.

Pallets are usually made of wood, and of standard dimensions:
1000mm X 1200mm (ISO) and 800mm X 1200mm (CEN).

III.

ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

E.III-01. Transport for hire or reward

Carriage, for remuneration, of persons or goods on behalf of third parties.

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E.III-02. Transport on own-account

Transport, which is not for hire or reward.

Such transport is the movement by an enterprise of its own cargo without any associated financial
transaction.

E.III-03. Enterprise

Institutional unit or smallest combination of institutional units that encloses and directly or indirectly
controls all necessary functions to carry out its production activities.

The  requirements  of  an  enterprise  are  that  it  has  one  ownership  or  control.  It  can,  however,  be
heterogeneous with regard to its economic activity as well as to its location. Even those enterprises
without  salaried  employees  are  taken  into  account.  Only  units  that  actually  carry  out  an  activity
during  the  reference  period  should  be  included.  "Dormant"  units  or  those  that  have  not  as  yet
begun their activity are excluded.

E.III-04. Sea transport enterprise (Shipping firm)

Enterprise carrying out in one or more places activities for the supply of sea transport services and
whose main activities according to value added is sea transport.

In terms of activity classifications the following classes are involved:
ISIC/Rev.3:
NACE/Rev.1:
Ship  management  enterprises  which  operate  merchant  ships  on  behalf  of  their  owners  or  lease
holders are included.
Ports, and other units providing supporting and auxiliary transport services are excluded. These
fall within the scope of heading 06 below.

6110 - Sea and coastal water transport
61.10 - Sea and coastal water transport

E.III-05. Public sea transport enterprise

Sea  transport  enterprise  which  is  principally  owned  (more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  capital)  by  the
State or public authorities and their enterprises.

E.III-06. Port enterprise

An  enterprise  carrying  out  in  one  or  more  places  the  provision  of  port  services  and  whose  main
activity according to value added is port services. Pleasure port enterprises are excluded.

Port enterprises themselves other than pleasure port enterprises are included. In terms of activity
classifications the following classes are involved:
6301 - Cargo handling
ISIC/Rev.3:
6303 - Other supporting transport activities
63.11 - Cargo handling
63.22 - Support services to water transport
Note: NACE 63.22 includes pleasure ports enterprises

NACE/Rev.1:

E.III-07. Public port enterprise

Port  enterprise,  which  is  principally  owned  (more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  capital)  by  the  State  or
public authorities and their enterprises.

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E.III-08. Classification society

An  enterprise  which  sets  standards  of  design  and  construction  of  seagoing  vessels  and  the
maintenance of those standards throughout the life of the vessel by survey to secure, for the benefit
of  the  community,  high  technical  standards  of  design,  manufacture,  construction,  maintenance,
operation, and performance, for the purpose of enhancing the safety of life and property at sea.

E.III-09. Turnover

Total  amount  invoiced  by  an  enterprise  during  the  period  under  review.  This  total  corresponds  to
market sales of services or goods supplied to third parties. Included in turnover is "other operating
income" e.g. income from concessions, patents, trademarks and similar values. Turnover includes all
duties  and  taxes  on  the  goods  or  services  invoiced  by  the  enterprise  with  the  exception  of  VAT
invoiced  by  the  enterprise  vis-à-vis  its  customers.  It  also  includes  all  other  charges  to  customers.
Reductions  in  prices,  rebates  and  discounts  as  well  as  the  value  of  returned  packing  must  be
deducted, but not cash discounts.

Turnover  includes  only  ordinary  activities  and  hence  does  not  include  sales  of  fixed  assets.
Operating  subsidies  received  from  public  authorities,  including  the  institutions  of  the  European
Union, are also excluded.

E.III-10. Value added at basic prices

Value added at basic prices is the turnover of the enterprise, adjusted for any changes in stocks, less
purchases of goods and services. Value adjustments such as depreciation are not subtracted.

E.III-11. Value added at factor cost

Value  added  at  factor  costs  is  calculated  by  adjusting  value  added  at  basic  prices  for  operating
subsidies linked to service provision and duties and taxes linked to service provision.

Subsidies on payroll and workforce, environmental protection and grants for interest are included
in the adjustment. Taxes such excise duty, stamp taxes, taxes on financial and capital transactions,
vehicle  registration  taxes  and  taxes  on  insurance  premiums  for  example  are  included  in  the
adjustment. Investment subsidies and value added tax are excluded from the adjustment.

E.III-12. Total purchases of goods and services

Included are all the goods and services purchased for consumption in service provision or for resale
in the same condition as received. Capital goods are excluded.
Among the goods included are materials such as food for on board catering, goods for retail sale on
board  and  elsewhere,  packaging  products,  maintenance  and  repair  materials,  office  supplies  and
energy products. Also included are any materials and components for the production of capital goods
by the enterprise.
Any  services  paid  for  are  also  included,  covering  payments  to  third  parties  for  repair  and
maintenance,  installation  and  technical  studies,  legal  and  accountancy  fees,  insurance  premiums,
costs  of  shareholders  meetings  and  governing  bodies,  contribution  to  business  and  professional
bodies, post, telephone and electronic communication, transport services for personnel, advertising,
commissions,  rents,  bank  charges  (excluding  interest)  and  all  other  business  services  provided  by
third parties.

Purchases  are  valued  at  the  purchase  price  including  all  taxes  and  duties  except  VAT  and  other
taxes linked directly to turnover.

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E.III-13. Personnel costs

Personnel costs are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to
an employee (regular and temporary employees as well as home workers) in return for work done by
the  latter  during  the  reference  period.  Personnel  costs  also  include  taxes  and  employees'  social
security contributions retained by the unit as well as the employer's compulsory and voluntary social
contributions.

E.III-14. Payments for long term rental and operational leasing

Payments  for  long  term  rental  include  all  charges  arising  from  the  renting  of  tangible  goods  for  a
period greater than one year.
Operational  leases  are  those  leases,  which  do  not  transfer  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards
incident to legal ownership to the lessee. Included here will be payments for the operational leasing
of  goods  made  available  to  the  enterprise  through  these  contracts,  including  both  the  interest
payments and the repayment of the principal of the debt.

Within the maritime industry, terms such as ‘charter party’, ‘voyage charter’, ‘consecutive voyage
charter’ and ‘long term charter’ are used in this context.

E.III-15. Value of tangible goods acquired through financial leasing

A  lease  is  defined  as  an  agreement  whereby  the  lessor  conveys  to  the  lessee  in  return  for  rent  the
right to use an item of property for an agreed period of time. A financial lease is one that transfers
substantially all the risks and rewards incident to legal ownership of an item of property. The title to
the property may or may not be eventually transferred. Included in this variable should be the value
(or  estimate  of  the  value)  of  all  tangible  goods  made  available  for  use  by  the  unit  by  way  of  a
financial leasing contract. The value of the goods used under financial leases should be included for
the reference period in which the inception of the lease occurs.

Annual payments for assets used under financial leasing should be excluded. The value of goods
used under leases other than financial ones should also be excluded.

E.III-16. Gross investment in tangible goods

Investment in all tangible goods which include both new and existing capital items, having a useful
life  of  more  than  one  year  where  non-produced  tangible  goods  such  as  land  are  included.  All
investments are valued prior to value adjustments and before the deduction of income from disposals.
Purchased goods are valued at purchase price, i.e. transport and installation charges, fees, taxes and
other costs of ownership transfer are included.

Also  included  are  all  additions,  alterations,  improvements  and  renovations,  which  prolong  the
service life or increase the productive capacity of capital goods.
Current maintenance costs are excluded, as is the value and current expenditure on capital goods
used under rental and lease contracts. Investment in intangible and financial assets is excluded.

E.III-17. Gross investment in buildings, structures and land

Expenditure  on  land,  new  construction,  purchase  of  existing  buildings  (including  the  land  if
relevant), extension of existing infrastructure, including reconstruction, renewal and major repairs.

Inland waters, harbours and harbour approaches are included.

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E.III-18. Gross investment in machinery and equipment, including vessels

This  expenditure  covers  vessels,  machinery  (computers  etc),  vehicles  including  any  special  or
specialised  vehicles  used  by  the  enterprise.  Included  in  the  total  are  all  additions,  alterations,
improvements and renovations, which prolong the service life or increase the productive capacity of
these capital goods.

Current maintenance costs are excluded.

E.III-19. Sales of tangible investment goods, including vessels

The value of existing tangible capital goods including vessels sold to third parties. Sales are recorded
at  the  actual  price  received,  not  at  book  value,  after  deducting  the  costs  of  any  ownership  transfer
incurred by the seller.

Value adjustments and disposals other than by sale are excluded.

E.III-20. Employment

Employment  is  the  number  of  persons  employed,  i.e.  the  total  number  of  persons  who  work  in  the
enterprise (inclusive of working proprietors, partners working regularly in the enterprise and unpaid
family workers), as well as persons who work outside the enterprise who belong to it and are paid by
it (e.g. sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams). It includes persons
absent for a short period (e.g. sick leave, paid leave or special leave), and also those on strike, but
not those absent for an indefinite period. It also includes part-time workers who are regarded as such
under the laws of the country concerned and who are on the pay-roll, as well as seasonal workers,
apprentices and home workers on the pay-roll.
The number of persons employed excludes manpower supplied to the enterprise by other enterprises,
persons  carrying  out  repair  and  maintenance  work  in  the  enquiry  enterprise  on  behalf  of  other
enterprises, as well as those on compulsory military service. On the other hand, persons who are at
the disposal of an enterprise for commercial reasons on the basis of a long term contract (i.e. sales
promotion personnel on passenger ferries) should be included as employees of the enterprise where
they work rather than in the enterprise with whom they have their employment contract.

Unpaid  family  workers  refer  to  persons  who  live  with  the  proprietor  of  the  enterprise  and  work
regularly for the enterprise, but do not have a contract of service and do not receive a fixed sum
for the work they perform. This is limited to those persons who are not included on the payroll of
another enterprise as their principal occupation.
The  number  of  persons  employed  corresponds  to  the  number  of  jobs  as  defined  in  the  European
System of Accounts 1995 (ESA) and is measured as an annual average.

E.III-21. Employment category - sea transport enterprise staff

Employment for a sea transport enterprise is categorised as follows:
i) Officers
ii) Ratings
iii) Cadets and other trainees
iv) Other vessel based staff including restaurant and entertainment staff
v) Shore based staff engaged in management, sales, passenger and cargo handling etc

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E.III-22. Employment category - port enterprise staff

Employment for a port enterprise is categorised as follows:
i) Port management and administration staff
ii) Pilots and other ship based staff
iii) Dock workers
iv) Technical and maintenance personnel
v) Other

IV.

TRAFFIC

E.IV-01. Sea traffic

Any movement of a seagoing vessel at sea.

One port traffic (movements of seagoing vessels to offshore installations, or for dumping at sea, or
traffic from the sea bed to ports) is included.
Fluvio-maritime  movements  of  seagoing  vessels  are  included.  Movements  on  inland  waterways
between  seaports  and  inland  waterway  ports  are  excluded  and  are  included  in  inland  waterway
traffic.  Movements  of  seagoing  vessels  internally,  between  different  basins  or  docks  of  the  same
port, are excluded.

E.IV-02. Scheduled sea traffic (liner traffic)

A service provided by sea vessels scheduled and performed according to a published timetable, or so
regular or frequent as to constitute a recognisably systematic series.

E.IV-03. Unscheduled sea traffic

Sea traffic other than scheduled sea traffic.

E.IV-04. Sea journey

Sea traffic from a specified point of origin to a specified point of destination.

A journey can be divided into a number of stages or sections. One port journeys from a sea port to
an offshore installation or a location at sea are included. In the maritime context, sea journeys are
also referred to as voyages or sea voyages.

E.IV-05. Sea stage

A  sea  stage  is  the  movement  of  a  vessel  direct  from  one  port  to  another  without  a  port  call  at  an
intermediate port.

E.IV-06. Cargo journey

A  sea  journey  involving  the  movement  of  cargo,  between  a  place  of  loading  or  embarkation  and  a
port of unloading or disembarkation.

A sea journey may involve calls at a number of ports between the specified point of origin and the
specified  point  of  destination  and  encompass  a  number  of  cargo  journeys  with  the  loading  and
unloading of cargo at a number of ports.

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E.IV-07. Port-to-port distance

For statistical purposes, the port-to-port distance is the actual distance sailed

An estimate of the actual distance can be provided.

E.IV-08. Vessel-kilometre

Unit of measurement representing the movement of a vessel over one kilometre.

The  distance  taken  into  account  is  the  distance  actually  travelled.  Movements  of  unladen  vessels
are included.

E.IV-09. Port call by a merchant ship

A merchant ship makes a port call when it anchors or berths to load or unload cargo, to embark or
disembark passengers or to facilitate excursions by passengers.

Anchorage, without any cargo or passenger movements, and traversing the port are excluded.

E.IV-10. Bunker call

A  cargo  and  passenger  ship  makes  a  bunker  call  when  it  anchors  or  berths  in  a  port  to  take  on
bunker oil or supplies.

E.IV-11. Other calls

Calls at a port by a cargo and passenger ship other than port calls or bunker calls.

E.IV-12. Arrival of a merchant ship

The arrival of any merchant ship making a port call in the territory of the reporting country.

E.IV-13. Departure of a merchant ship

The departure of any merchant ship after making a port call in the territory of the
reporting country.

E.IV-14. Merchant ship laid up

A merchant ship is laid up when it is moored in port because of lack of work.

E.IV-15. Port state control

The  inspection  in  port  by  the  state  in  which  the  port  is  situated  of  merchant  ships  to  monitor  their
seaworthiness.

E.IV-16. Detention under port state control

The detention in port under port state control of a merchant ship found to be unseaworthy.

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V.

TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

E.V-01. Sea transport

Any movement of goods and/or passengers using merchant ships on journeys, which are undertaken
wholly or partly at sea.

One port transport (movements of goods shipped to offshore installations, or for dumping at sea,
or  reclaimed  from  the  sea  bed  and  unloaded  in  ports)  is  included.  While  bunkers  and  stores
supplied to vessels in port are excluded, bunker oil shipped to vessels offshore is included.

Fluvio-maritime  movements  of  goods  by  merchant  ships  are  included.  Movements  of  goods  on
inland  waterways  vessels  between  seaports  and  inland  waterway  ports  are  excluded.  (They  are
included in inland waterway transport). Movements of goods carried internally between different
basins or docks of the same port are excluded.

E.V-02. Commercial sea transport

Sea transport undertaken for commercial purposes either for payment (i.e. hire and reward) or on the
enterprise’s own account as part of a wider economic activity.

E.V-03. National sea transport

Sea  transport  between  two  ports  of  a  national  territory  or  one  port  sea  transport  within  national
territory.

In the maritime context, national sea transport is also known as cabotage. National sea transport
can be performed by a merchant ship registered in the reporting country or in another country.

E.V-04. International sea transport

Sea transport other than national sea transport.

International one port transport is included.

E.V-05. Cross-trade sea transport

International sea transport between two countries performed by a merchant ship registered in a third
country.

A  third  country  is  a  country  other  than  the  country  of  loading/embarkation  or  the  country  of
unloading/ disembarkation.

E.V-06. European short sea shipping

Movement of cargo by sea between ports situated in Europe as well as between ports in Europe and
ports situated in non-European countries having a coastline on the enclosed seas bordering Europe.

Included in the enclosed seas bordering Europe are the Mediterranean, the Baltic and the Black
Seas. Traffic to and from ports in Iceland is also included.

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E.V-07. Deep sea shipping (Europe only)

Transport of cargo by sea other than European short sea shipping.

E.V-08. Unitised transport

Unitised transport is the carriage of cargo in intermodal transport units such as containers or mobile
(Ro-Ro) units.

Transport in swap bodies is included.

E.V-09. Non-unitised transport

Transport other than unitised transport.

Such transport includes liquid and dry bulk transport, forest products and general cargo.

E.V-10. Tonne-kilometre

Unit  of  measure  representing  the  movement  of  one  tonne  of  cargo  in  a  merchant  ship  over  one
kilometre.

E.V-11. Tonne-kilometre offered

A tonne-kilometre is offered when one tonne of carrying capacity in a merchant ship is sailed over
one  kilometre.  Tonne-kilometres  offered  are  equal  to  the  cargo  carrying  capacity  of  the  vessel
multiplied by the port-to-port distance for all journeys. Transport in barges is included.

E.V-12. Tonne-kilometres performed

Tonne-kilometres  performed  is  calculated  as  the  sum  over  all  journeys  of  the  product  of  the  total
number of tonnes of freight load carried and the port-to-port distance for each journey.

E.V-13. Freight capacity utilisation

Tonne-kilometres performed expressed as a percentage of tonne kilometres offered.

E.V-14. Tonnes on board

Tonnes of cargo on board a merchant ship on arrival at or departure from a port.

E.V-15. TEU-kilometre

Unit of measurement representing the movement of one TEU over one kilometre.

E.V-16. TEU-kilometre offered

A  TEU-kilometre  offered  is  the  movement  of  one  TEU  of  capacity  in  a  container  ship  over  one
kilometre. TEU-kilometres offered are equal to the TEU carrying capacity of the vessel multiplied by
the port-to-port distance for all journeys.

The TEU carrying capacity will be the stated capacity recorded in the register of the classification
society.

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E.V-17. TEU-kilometres performed

TEU-kilometres  performed  is  calculated  as  the  sum  over  all  journeys  of  the  product  of  the  total
number of TEUs carried and the port-to-port distance for each journey.

E. Maritime Transport

E.V-18. TEU capacity utilisation

TEU-kilometres performed expressed as a percentage of TEU kilometres offered.

E.V-19. TEUs on board

The TEUs on board a merchant ship on arrival at or departure from a port.

E.V-20. Sea passenger

Any person who makes a sea journey on a merchant ship.

Service  staff  assigned  to  merchant  ships  are  not  regarded  as  passengers.  Non-fare  paying  crew
members travelling but not assigned and infants in arms are excluded.

E.V-21. Cruise passenger

A sea passenger making a sea journey on a cruise ship.

Passengers on day excursions are excluded.

E.V-22. Sea passenger journey

The movement of a passenger from the port at which the journey begins to the port at which it ends.
For some passengers, notably cruise passengers, this can be the same port.

The distance to be taken into consideration is the distance actually travelled by the passenger.

E.V-23. Passenger-kilometre

Unit of measure representing the movement of one passenger in a merchant ship over one kilometre.

E.V-24. Passenger-kilometre offered

A passenger-kilometre is offered when one unit of passenger capacity is sailed one kilometre.

Passenger-kilometres  offered  are  equal  to  the  sum  of  the  products  obtained  by  multiplying  the
authorised passenger capacity of the vessel and the port-to-port distance for all journeys.
The  passenger  carrying  capacity  will  be  the  stated  capacity  recorded  in  the  register  of  the
classification society.

E.V-25. Passengers on board

The number of passengers on board a merchant ship on arrival at or departure from a port.

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E.V-26. Passenger-kilometres performed

The  sum  of  the  products  obtained  by  multiplying  the  number  of  sea  passengers  carried  on  each
journey by the port-to-port distance.

E.V-27. Passenger capacity utilisation

Passenger-kilometres performed expressed as a percentage of passenger kilometres offered.

E.V-28. Purpose of a sea passenger journey

The reasons for undertaking a journey are:
i) Work and education (Commuting)
ii) Business
iii) Holidays (vacation)
iv) Other (Shopping, leisure, family)

E.V-29. Sea passenger embarked

Passenger who boards a merchant ship to undertake a sea passenger journey.

A  transfer  from  one  merchant  ship  to  another  is  regarded  as  embarkation  after  disembarkation.
Cruise passengers on a cruise passenger excursion are excluded.

E.V-30. Sea passenger disembarked

A passenger disembarking from a merchant ship at the end of a sea passenger journey.

A  transfer  from  one  merchant  ship  to  another  is  regarded  as  disembarkation  before  re-
embarkation. Cruise passengers on a cruise passenger excursion are excluded.

E.V-31. Cruise passenger excursion

A  short  visit  by  a  cruise  passenger  to  a  tourist  attraction  associated  with  a  port  while  retaining  a
cabin on board.

E.V-32. Sea passenger transport link

Combination of the port of embarkation and the port of disembarkation of the passenger conveyed by
sea whatever itinerary is followed.

These ports are maritime ports (except for fluvio-maritime transport for which they may be inland
waterway  ports),  coded  with  international  classification  systems  such  as  UN-LOCODE
(codification for ports and other places).
Those  ports  can  be  grouped  according  to  their  geographical  location  by  using  international
classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature for Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).
Where the port of embarkation and disembarkation are the same, no sea transport link is implied.

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E.V-33. Port of embarkation

The port in which a passenger started a journey.

A  transfer  from  one  merchant  ship  to  another  is  regarded  as  embarkation  after  disembarkation.
Cruise passengers on a cruise passenger excursion are excluded.

E. Maritime Transport

E.V-34. Port of disembarkation

The port in which a passenger ends a journey.

A  transfer  from  one  merchant  ship  to  another  is  regarded  as  disembarkation  before  re-
embarkation. Cruise passengers on cruise passenger excursion are excluded.

E.V-35. Goods carried by sea

Any goods conveyed by merchant ships.

This includes all packaging and equipment such as containers, swap-bodies, pallets or road goods
vehicles.
Mail is included; goods carried on or in wagons, lorries, trailers, semi-trailers or barges are also
included.  Conversely,  the  following  items  are  excluded:  road  passenger  vehicles  with  drivers,
returning  empty  commercial  vehicles  and  trailers,  bunkers  and  stores  of  vessels,  fish  carried  in
fishing  vessels  and  fish-processing  ships,  goods  carried  internally  between  different  basins  or
docks of the same port.

E.V-36. Types of cargo

Freight  cargo  can  be  classified  in  terms  of  both  the  design  of  the  vessel  itself  and  the  handling
equipment required at ports and on the vessel. The principal categories are
i) Liquid bulk
ii) Dry bulk
iii) Containers
iv) Roll-on/Roll-off (self-propelled)
v) Roll-on/Roll-off (non-self-propelled)
vi) Other general cargo

E.V-37. Lo-Lo (Lift-on Lift-off)

Loading/unloading by the vessel's own derricks/cranes or by shore based cranes.

E.V-38. Container Cargo

Container cargo consists of containers with or without freight, which are lifted on or off the vessels,
which carry them by sea.

E.V-39. Ro-Ro (Roll-on Roll-off)

Loading/unloading through the vessel's doors/ramps by a wheeled means of conveyance.

Loading or unloading live animals on the hoof is included.

97

E. Maritime Transport

E.V-40. Ro-Ro Cargo

Ro-Ro cargo consists of goods, whether or not in containers, on ro-ro units, and ro-ro units, which
are rolled on and off the vessels, which carry them, by sea.

E.V-41. Gross-Gross Weight of goods

This includes the total weight of the goods, all packaging, and the tare weight of the transport unit.

E.V-42. Gross Weight of goods

This  includes  the  tonnage  of  goods  carried,  including  packaging  but  excluding  the  tare  weight  of
transport units.

E.V-43. Tare Weight

The weight of a transport unit (e.g. containers, swap-bodies and pallets for containing goods as well
as road goods vehicles, wagons or barges carried by sea) before any cargo is loaded.

E.V-44. Categories of goods carried by sea

The categories of goods carried by sea are those defined by the NST (Standard Goods Nomenclature
for  Transport  Statistics  -  Eurostat)  or  CSTE  (UNECE  Commodity  Classification  for  Transport
Statistics in Europe) nomenclatures.

E.V-45. Dangerous goods

The  classifications  of  dangerous  goods  are  those  defined  by  chapter  VII  of  the  International
Convention  for  the  Safety  of  Life  at  Sea  (SOLAS,  1974),  as  amended  and  as  detailed  in  the
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code.

E.V-46. Ship to ship transshipment

The unloading of cargo from one merchant ship and its loading into another to complete a journey,
even where the cargo may have dwell time ashore before its onward journey.

Transshipment to other modes is excluded.

E.V-47. Goods loaded

Goods placed on a merchant ship for transport by sea.

Transshipment from one merchant ship to another is regarded as loading after unloading.
Goods loaded include national goods, transshipment goods (national or foreign goods arriving in
port  by  sea)  and  land  transit  goods  (foreign  goods  arriving  in  port  by  road,  rail,  air  or  inland
waterway).

98

E. Maritime Transport

E.V-48. Goods unloaded

Goods taken off a merchant ship.

Transshipment from one merchant ship to another is regarded as unloading before re-loading.

Goods unloaded include national goods, transshipment goods (national or foreign goods leaving a
port  by  sea)  and  land  transit  goods  (foreign  goods  leaving  a  port  by  road,  rail,  air  or  inland
waterway).

E.V-49. Goods sea transport link

The  combination  of  the  port  of  loading  and  the  port  of  unloading  of  the  goods  transported  by  sea
whatever itinerary is followed.

Those ports are maritime ports (except for fluvio-maritime transports for which it may be inland
waterway  ports),  coded  with  international  classification  systems  such  as  UN-LOCODE
(codification for ports and other places).
Those  ports  can  be  grouped  according  to  their  geographical  location  by  using  international
classification systems such as NUTS (Nomenclature for Territorial Units for Statistics - Eurostat).

E.V-50. Port of loading

The port at which a consignment of goods was loaded onto the ship from which it is unloaded at the
reporting port.

Transshipments from one merchant ship to another are regarded as loading after unloading.

E.V-51. Port of unloading

The port at which a consignment of goods, loaded onto a ship at the reporting port, is to be unloaded
from the same ship.

Transshipments from one merchant ship to another are regarded as unloading before re-loading.

VI. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

E.VI-01. Energy consumption by merchant ships

Final energy consumption by ships.

This includes final energy consumption by unladen ships.

E.VI-02. Tonne of oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit of measurement of energy consumption (1 TOE = 0.041868 terajoule (TJ)).

Conversion factors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) are as follows:
i) Gas/diesel oil
ii) Heavy fuel oil

1.035
0.960

99

E. Maritime Transport

E.VI-03. Joule

Unit of measurement of energy consumption.

1 terajoule = 1012J = 2.78 x 105 kWh
1 terajoule = 23.88459 TOE

E.VI-04. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil)

Oils obtained from the lowest fraction from atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

Gas/diesel  oils  include  heavy  gas  oils  obtained  by  vacuum  re-distillation  of  the  residual  from
atmospheric  distillation.  Gas/diesel  oil  distils  between  200°C  and  380°C,  with  less  than  65  per
cent in volume at 250°C, including losses, and 80 per cent or more at 350°C. Heavy oils obtained
by  blending  are  grouped  together  with  gas  oils,  provided  that  their  kinematic  viscosity  does  not
exceed 25 cST at 40°C.

Calorific value: 43.3 TJ/1 000 t.

E.VI-05. Heavy fuel oil (residual)

Heavy oil that makes up the distillation residue.

This comprises all residual fuel oils (including those obtained by blending). The viscosity of heavy
fuel oil is above 25 cST at 40° C. The flashpoint is always above 50° C and their density is higher
than 0.90.

100

F

INTERMODAL TRANSPORT

101

F. Intermodal Transport

F.I.

INTRODUCTION

F.I-01. Intermodal transport

Movement  of  goods  (in  one  and  the  same  loading  unit  or  a  vehicle)  by  successive  modes  of
transport without handling of the goods themselves when changing modes.

Vehicle can be a road or rail vehicle or a vessel.

The return movement of empty containers/swap bodies and empty goods road vehicles/trailers are
not themselves part of intermodal transport since no goods are being moved. Such movements are
associated  with  intermodal  transport  and  it  is  desirable  that  data  on  empty  movements  be
collected together with data on intermodal transport.

Multimodal Transport

*  European  Conference  of  Ministers  of  Transport  (ECMT)  defines  multimodal  transport  as  the
"carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport". Intermodal transport is therefore a
particular type of multimodal transport.

* United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods defines international
multimodal transport  as "the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport on the
basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place in one country at which the goods are taken in
charge  by  the  multimodal  transport  operator  to  a  place  designated  for  delivery  in  a  different
country;"

Combined Transport

*  UNECE  used  the  term  combined  transport  as  being  identical  tothe  definition  for  intermodal
transport  described  above,  but  recently  has  taken  account  of  the  ECMT-definition  for  combined
transport given below.

* According to the rules of application of the ECE/FAL Recommendation No.19 “Code for Modes
of Transport” the definition is:“Combined transport: Combination of means of transport where one
(passive)  transport  means  is  carried  by  another  (active)  means  which  provides  traction  and
consumes energy";

*  For  transport  policy  purposes  the  ECMT  restricts  the  term  combined  transport  to  cover:
"Intermodal transport where the major part of the European journey is by rail, inland waterways or
sea and any initial and/or final leg carried out by road are as short as possible".

F.I-02. (Active mode)/(Passive mode) transport

Transport  of  goods  using  two  modes  of  transport  in  combination,  where  one  (passive)  transport
means is carried on another (active) transport means which provides traction and consumes energy
(rail/road transport, sea/road transport, sea/rail transport...).

Piggy-back transport is the synonym for rail/road transport.

F.I-03. Active mode/Road accompanied transport

Transport of a complete goods road motor vehicle, accompanied by the driver, by another mode of
transport (for example by sea or rail).

103

F. Intermodal Transport

F.I-04. Active mode/Road unaccompanied transport

Transport of goods road motor vehicles or trailers, not accompanied by the driver, by another mode
of transport (for example by sea or rail).

F.I-05. Transport of containers or swap bodies (by active mode)

Carriage of  containers or swap bodies by an active mode of transport.

F.II. EQUIPMENT

F.II-01.Loading unit

Container, swap body.

“Flats”,  which  are  used  in  maritime  transport,  should  be  considered  to  be  a  special  type  of
container and are therefore included here.

F.II-02.Intermodal transport unit (ITU)

Container, swap body or semi-trailer/goods road motor vehicle suitable for intermodal transport.

F.II-03.Container

Special  box  to  carry  freight,  strengthened  and  stackable  and  allowing  horizontal  or  vertical
transfers.

The technical definition of the container is: "Article of transport equipment which is:

a) of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use;
b) specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods, by one or more mode of transport,

c)

without intermediate reloading;
fitted with devices permitting its ready handling, particularly its transfer from one mode of 
transport to another;

d) so designed as to be easy to fill and empty;
e)
f) having an internal volume of 1 m3 or more."

stackable; and,

Swap bodies are excluded.

Although  without  internal  volume,  and  therefore  not  satisfying  criterion  (f)  above,  flats  used  in
maritime  transport  should  be  considered  to  be  a  special  type  of  container  and  therefore  are
included here.

104

F. Intermodal Transport

F.II-04.Sizes of containers

The main sizes of containers are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

20 Foot ISO container (length of  20 feet and width of 8 feet);
40 Foot ISO container (length of  40 feet and width of 8 feet);
Super high cube container (oversize container); and
Air container (container conforming to standards laid down for air transportation).

Containers sizes classified under a) to c) are refered to as large containers.

F.II-05.Types of containers

The main types of containers, as defined by ISO Standards Handbook on Freight Containers are:

1.
2.

3.

General purpose containers;
Specific purpose containers.
-  closed ventilated container;
-  open top container;
-  platform based container open sided;
-  platform based container open sided with complete superstructure;
-  platform based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and fixed ends;
-  platform based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and folding ends;
-  platform (container);
Specific cargo containers;
-  thermal container;
-  insulated container;
-  refrigerated container - (expendable refrigerant);
-  mechanically refrigerated container;
-  heated container;
-  refrigerated and heated container;
-  tank container;
-  dry bulk container;
-  named cargo container (such as automobile, livestock and others); and,
-  air mode container.

F.II-06.TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)

Standard  unit  for  counting  containers  of  various  capacities  and  for  describing  the  capacities    of
container ships or  terminals. One 20 Foot ISO container equals 1 TEU.

One 40 Foot ISO container equals two TEU.

F.II-07.Swap body

Carrying  unit  strong  enough  for  repeated  use,  but  not  enough  to  be  top-lifted  or  stackable  when
loaded, designed for intermodal transport of which one leg is road.

105

F. Intermodal Transport

F.II-08.Flat

A loadable platform having no superstructure whatever but having the same length and width as the
base of a container and equipped with top and bottom corner fittings.

This is an alternative term used for certain types of specific purpose containers - namely platform
containerss and platform-based containers with incomplete structures.

F.II-09.Pallet

Raised platform, intended to facilitate the lifting and stacking of goods.

Pallets are usually made of wood, and of standard dimensions:
1000mm X 1200mm (ISO) and  800mm X 1200mm (CEN).

F.II-10.Wagon for intermodal transport

Wagon  specially  built  or  equiped  for  the  transport  of  intermodal  transport  units  (ITUs)  or  other
goods road vehicles.

F.II-11.Ro-Ro unit

Wheeled equipment for carrying goods, such as a lorry, trailer or semi-trailer, which can be driven
or towed onto a vessel or train.

Port or vessels' trailers are included in this definition.

106

Index

INDEX

A. RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Administration, General - A.III-06
Berths, Number of - A.II-16
Body, Railway - A.III-01
-owned wagon A.II-20

Brown coal A.VI-09
Carrying capacity of wagon A.II-32
Categories of goods carried by rail A.V-20
Coach A.II-15
Company, Integrated - A.III-04
Consignment A.V-16
Types of - A.V-17

Consumption, Energy - by rail transport A.VI-01
Conventional high speed railway vehicle A.II-04
Costs A.III-10

Types of - A.III-11
Covered wagon A.II-22
Dangerous goods A.V-21
Dedicated high speed line A.I-13
Diesel

- locomotive A.II-11
- oil A.VI-05
- railcar A.II-12

Disembarked, Rail passenger - A.V-11
Disembarkation, Place of - A.V-14
Distillate fuel oil A.VI-05
Electric

- locomotive A.II-10
- power A.VI-10
- railcar A.II-12
Types of - power A.I-17

Electrified

- line A.I-16
- track A.I-09

Embarked, Rail passenger - A.V-10
Embarkation, Place of - A.V-13
Employment A.III-05

Types of - A.III-06

Energy consumption by rail transport A.VI-01
Expenditure

Investment - on infrastructure A.III-14
Investment - on rolling-stock A.III-15
Maintenance - on infrastructure A.III-16
Maintenance - on rolling-stock A.III-17

Flat wagon A.II-28
Gas/diesel oil A.VI-05
Gauge

Large/narrow/standard - A.I-06
Rail loading - A.I-07
Track - A.I-06

107

Index

General administration A.III-06
Goods

- carried by rail A.V-15
- in transit by rail throughout A.V-26
- loaded A.V-22
- rail transport link A.V-27
- unloaded A.V-23
Categories of - carried by rail A.V-20
Dangerous - A.V-21
International - transport by rail / loaded A.V-24
International - transport by rail / unloaded A.V-25

Gross tonne-kilometre hauled A.IV-14
Gross-gross tonne-kilometre hauled A.IV-13
Hard coal A.VI-08
Hauled vehicle-kilometre A.IV-09
Heated wagon A.II-26
Heavy fuel oil (residual) A.VI-06
High sided wagon A.II-27
High speed

- railway vehicle: see Vehicle
- line: see Line

Infrastructure manager A.III-03
Insulated wagon A.II-23
Integrated company A.III-04
International

- goods transport by rail / loaded A.V-24
- goods transport by rail / unloaded A.V-25
- railway transport A.V-04

Investment

- expenditure: see Expenditure
Tangible - A.III-13

Joule A.VI-03
Journey

Purpose of rail passenger - A.V-09
Rail passenger - A.V-12
Railway vehicle - A.IV-04

Kilometre

Hauled vehicle- A.IV-09
Seat- offered A.IV-12
Tonne-: see Tonne
Tractive vehicle- A.IV-08
Train- A.IV-07
Wagon- A.IV-11

Large gauge A.I-06
Light rail A.I-03

- motor tractor A.II-08

Lignite A.VI-09
Line A.I-12

Dedicated high speed - A.I-13
Electrified - A.I-16
Length of -s operated A.I-15
Upgraded high speed - A.I-14
Liquefied petroleum gases A.VI-07

108

Index

Loaded

Goods - A.V-22
International goods transport - A.V-24

Loading

- gauge A.I-07
Place of - A.V-28

Locomotive A.II-07
Diesel - A.II-11
Electric - A.II-10
Steam - A.II-09

LPG A.VI-07
Maintenance expenditure: see Expenditure
Manager, Infrastructure - A.III-03
Maximum operating speed A.I-18
Mechanically refrigerated wagon A.II-25
Metro A.I-02
Motor gasoline A.VI-04
Multiple unit A.II-12
Narrow gauge A.I-06
National railway transport A.V-03
Network, Railway - A.I-04
Number of

- seats and berths A.II-16
- standing places A.II-17
Operations and Traffic A.III-06
Passenger, Rail - A.V-06
- disembarked A.V-11
- embarked A.V-10
- journey: see Journey
-kilometre A.V-08
- railway vehicle A.II-13
Paying - A.V-07

Petrol A.VI-04
Place of

- disembarkation A.V-14
- embarkation A.V-13
- loading A.V-28
- unloading A.V-29

Private siding A.I-11
Privately-owned wagon A.II-21
Purpose of rail passenger journey A.V-09
Rail

- passenger: see Passenger
- transit: see Transit
Light - A.I-03

Railcar A.II-12

- trailer A.II-14

Railway A.I-01

- body: see Body
- network A.I-04
- traffic: see Traffic
- transport: see Transport
- undertaking A.III-02
- vehicle: see Vehicle

109

Index

Refrigerated wagon A.II-24
Revenues A.III-08

Types of - A.III-09

Running track A.I-08
Seat(s) A.II-16

-kilometre offered A.IV-12

Shunting A.IV-02
Siding(s) A.I-10

Private - A.I-11
Silo wagon A.II-30
Speed

High - railway vehicle: see Vehicle
High - line: see Line
Maximum operating - A.I-18

Standard gauge A.I-04
Standing places A.II-17
Steam locomotive A.II-09
Tangible investment A.III-13
Tank wagon A.II-29
TOE A.VI-02
Tonne

-kilometre by rail A.V-19
-kilometre offered A.IV-10
- of oil equivalent A.VI-02
Gross -kilometre hauled A.IV-14
Gross-gross -kilometre hauled A.IV-13

Track A.I-05

- gauge A.I-06
Electrified - A.I-09
Running - A.I-08

Traction and Rolling stock A.III-06
Tractive

- vehicle A.II-06
- vehicle-kilometre A.IV-08

Traffic, Railway - A.IV-01

- on national territory A.IV-03

Train A.IV-05

-kilometre A.IV-07
Types of - A.IV-06

Trainset A.II-05
Transit, Rail - A.V-05

Goods in - by rail throughout A.V-26

Transport, Railway - A.V-01
International - A.V-04
International goods - loaded A.V-24
International goods - unloaded A.V-25
National - A.V-03
Types of - A.V-02

Turnover A.III-07
Types of

- consignment A.V-17
- costs A.III-11
- electric power A.I-17
- employment A.III-06
- railway transport A.V-02

110

Index

- revenues A.III-09
- train A.IV-05

Undertaking, Railway - A.III-02
Unloaded

Goods - A.V-23
International goods transport - A.V-25

Unloading, Place of - A.V-29
Upgraded high speed line A.I-14
Value added A.III-12
Van A.II-18
Vehicle, Railway - A.II-01
- journey A.IV-04
Conventional high speed - A.II-04
Hauled -kilometre A.IV-09
High speed - A.II-02
High speed tilting - A.II-03
Passenger - A.II-13
Tractive - A.II-06
Tractive -kilometre A.IV-08

Wagon A.II-19

- for intermodal transport A.II-31
-kilometre A.IV-11
Carrying capacity of - II 32
Covered - A.II-22
Flat - A.II-28
Heated - A.II-26
High sided - A.II-27
Insulated - A.II-23
Mechanically refrigerated - A.II-25
Privately-owned - A.II-21
Railway body-owned - A.II-20
Refrigerated - A.II-24
Silo - A.II-30
Tank - A.II-29
Way and works A.III-06
Weight A.V-18

B. ROAD TRANSPORT

Accident

- between road vehicle and pedestrian B.VII-12
- with drivers reported under the influence of alcohol or drugs B.VII-15
Driver involved in an injury - B.VII-09
Fatal - B.VII-02
Injury - B.VII-01
Non-fatal - B.VII-03
Passenger involved in an injury - B.VII-10
Pedestrian involved in an injury - B.VII-11
Single road vehicle - B.VII-13
Multi-vehicle road - B.VII-14

Age of road vehicle B.II-32
Agricultural

- tractor B.II-24
- trailer B.II-25

111

Index

Alternative fuel B.II-36
Articulated vehicle B.II-27
Berths/seats in motor coaches, buses and trolleybuses; Number of - B.II-17
Bus (motor-coach) B.II-14
Cabotage, Road - transport B.V-03
Capacity

Cylinder - B.II-33
Load - B.II-30
Car, Passenger - B.II-12
Caravan B.II-13
Carriageway B.I-07
Casualty B.VII-04
Category of road B.I-03
Collision

- due to crossing or turning B.VII-14 (c)
Rear-end - B.VII-14 (a)
Head-on - B.VII-14 (b)
Other -s, including -s with parked vehicles B.VII-14 (d)

Consumption, Energy - by road transport B.VI-01
Costs B.III-13

Types of - B.III-14

Cross-trade road transport B.V-05
Cycle B.II-07
Cylinder capacity B.II-33
Dangerous goods B.V-20
Diesel oil (distillate fuel oil) B.VI-05
Disembarked, Road passenger - B.V-12
Disembarkation, Place of - B.V-15
Distillate fuel oil B.VI-05
Driver

- involved in an injury accident B.VII-09
Accident with -s reported under the influence of alcohol or drugs B.VII-15

E road B.I-06
Electric power B.VI-08
Embarked, Road passenger - B.V-11
Embarkation, Place of - B.V-14
Employment B.III-09
Empty road traffic B.IV-03
Energy

- consumption by road transport B.VI-01
Motor - B.II-35
Enterprise B.III-03

Public road transport - B.III-08
Road goods transport - B.III-06
Road passenger transport - B.III-05
Road transport - B.III-04
Urban road passenger - B.III-07

Entry of a road vehicle B.IV-09
Exit of a road vehicle B.IV-10
Expenditure

Investment - on road vehicles B.III-18
Investment - on roads B.III-17
Maintenance - on road vehicles B.III-20
Maintenance - on roads B.III-19

Fatal accident B.VII-02

112

Index

Foreign road vehicle B.II-04
Fuel, Alternative - B.II-36
Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil) B.VI-05
Goods

- carried by road B.V-16
- having entered the country by road (other than goods in transit by road throughout) B.V-24
- having left the country by road (other than goods in transit by road throughout) B.V-23
- in transit by road throughout B.V-25
- loaded B.V-21
- road motor vehicle B.II-20
- road transport link B.V-26
- road vehicle B.II-18
- unloaded B.V-22
Dangerous - B.V-20
Types of body of - road vehicle B.II-19
Types of - carried by road B.V-19

Gross vehicle weight (Legally permissible maximum weight) B.II-31
Head-on collision B.VII-14 (b)
Hire or reward, Transport for - B.III-01
Injured

Person - B.VII-06
Person seriously - B.VII-07
Person slightly - B.VII-08

Injury accident B.VII-01
International road transport B.V-04

- loaded B.V-23
- unloaded B.V-24

Investment

- expenditure: see Expenditure
Tangible - B.III-16

Joule B.VI-03
Journey

Purpose of road passenger - B.V-10
Road - B.IV-05
Killed, Person - B.VII-05
Kilometre

Road  passenger- B.V-09
Seat/Standing place- offered B.IV-08
Tonne-: see Tonne
Vehicle - B.IV-06

Lane B.I-08
Link

Goods road transport - B.V-26
Road passenger transport - B.V-13
Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) B.VI-06
Load capacity B.II-30
Loaded

Goods - B.V-21
International road transport - B.V-23

Loading, Place of - B.V-27
Lorry B.II-21
LPG B.VI-06
Maintenance expenditure: see Expenditure
Moped B.II-10

113

Index

Motor

-coach or bus B.II-14
- energy B.II-35
- gasoline (petrol) B.VI-04
- vehicle: see Vehicle

Motorcycle B.II-11
Motorway B.I-04
Multi-vehicle road accident B.VII-14
National

- road transport B.V-02
- road vehicle B.II-03

Natural gas liquids (NGL) B.VI-07
Network, Road - B.I-02
NGL B.VI-07
Non-fatal accident B.VII-03
Number of seats/berths in motor coaches, buses and trolleybuses B.II-17
Other collisions, including collisions with parked vehicles B.VII-14 (d)
Own account, Operated for - B.III-02
Passenger, Road - B.V-08

- car B.II-12
- disembarked B.V-12
- embarked B.V-11
- involved in an injury accident B.VII-10
-kilometre B.V-09
- road motor vehicle B.II-08
- road vehicle B.II-06
- transport enterprise B.III-05
- transport link B.V-13
Purpose of- journeys B.V-10
Types of - road motor vehicle B.II-09
Urban- enterprise B.III-07

Pedestrian

- involved in an injury accident B.VII-11
Accident between road vehicle and - B.VII-12

Person

- injured B.VII-06
- killed B.VII-05
- seriously injured B.VII-07
- slightly injured B.VII-08

Petrol B.VI-04
Place of

- disembarkation B.V-15
- embarkation B.V-14
- loading B.V-27
- unloading B.V-28

Public road transport enterprise B.III-08
Purpose of road passenger journeys B.V-10
Rear-end collision B.VII-14 (a)
Revenues B.III-11

Types of - B.III-12

114

Index

Road B.I-01

- journey: see Journey
- motor vehicle: see Vehicle
- network B.I-02
- passenger: see Passenger
- tractor B.II-22
- traffic: see Traffic
- train B.II-28
- transit: see Transit
- transport: see Transport
- transport enterprise: see Enterprise
- vehicle: see Vehicle
Category of - B.I-03
E - B.I-06
Urban - B.I-05

Seat(s)

-/berths in motor coaches, buses and trolleybuses; Number of - B.II-17
/standing place-kilometre offered B.IV-08

Semi-trailer B.II-26
Single road vehicle accident B.VII-13
Special purpose road vehicle B.II-29
Stock of road vehicles B.II-02
Street-car B.II-16
Tangible investment B.III-16
TOE B.VI-02
Tonne

-kilometre by road B.V-18
-kilometre offered B.IV-07
- of oil equivalent B.VI-02

Tractor, Road - B.II-23

Agricultural - B.II-24

Traffic, Road - B.IV-01

- on national territory B.IV-02
Empty - B.IV-03
Urban - B.IV-04

Trailer B.II-25

Agricultural - B.II-25
Semi- B.II-26
Train, Road - B.II-28
Tram (street-car) B.II-16
Tramway B.I-09
Transit, Road - B.V-06

- of road vehicle B.IV-11
Goods in - by road throughout B.V-25

Transport, Road - B.V-01

- enterprise: see Enterprise
- for hire or reward B.III-01
- on own account B.III-02
Cabotage - B.V-03
Cross-trade - B.V-05
Goods - link B.V-26
International - B.V-04
International - loaded B.V-23
International - unloaded B.V-24
National - B.V-02

115

Index

Passenger - link B.V-13
Urban - B.V-07
Trolleybus B.II-15
Turnover B.III-10
Types of

- body of goods road vehicle B.II-19
- costs B.III-14
- goods carried by road B.V-19
- passenger road motor vehicle B.II-09
- revenues B.III-12

Unladen vehicle weight B.II-34
Unloaded

Goods - B.V-22
International road transport - B.V-24

Unloading, Place of - B.V-28
Urban road B.I-05

- passenger enterprise B.III-07
- traffic B.IV-04
- transport B.V-07

Value added B.III-15
Vehicle, Road - B.II-01
-kilometre B.IV-06
Accident between - and pedestrian B.VII-12
Age of - B.II-32
Articulated - B.II-27
Entry of a - B.IV-09
Exit of a - B.IV-10
Foreign - B.II-04
Goods - B.II-18
Goods motor - B.II-20
Motor - B.II-05
Multi- road accident
National - B.II-03
Passenger - B.II-06
Passenger motor - B.II-08
Single - accident B.VII-13
Special purpose - B.II-29
Stock of -s B.II-02
Transit of - B.IV-11
Types of body of goods - B.II-19
Types of passenger motor - B.II-09
Unladen - weight B.II-34

Weight B.V-17

Gross vehicle - B.II-31
Unladen vehicle - B.II-34

C. INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT (IWT)

Barge

Dumb - C.II-12
Dumb tanker - C.II-13
Pushed - C.II-14
Pushed tanker - C.II-15
Pushed-towed - C.II-16

116

Index

Pushed-towed tanker barge C.II-17
Self-propelled - C.II-07
Self-propelled pusher - C.II-09
Self-propelled pusher tanker - C.II-10
Self-propelled tanker - C.II-08

Cabotage, Inland waterway - transport C.V-03
Canal, Navigable - C.I-06
Capacity of an IWT passenger vessel C.II-22
Carrying capacity C.II-21
Categories of navigable inland waterways C.I-03
Construction, Year of - of vessel C.II-24
Consumption, Energy - by IWT C.VI-01
Convoy, Inland waterway - C.IV-06
Costs C.III-10

Types of - C.III-11

Cross-trade inland waterway transport C.V-05
Dangerous goods C.V-20
Diesel oil C.VI-05
Disembarked, Inland waterway passenger - C.V-12
Disembarkation, Place of - C.V-15
Distillate fuel oil C.VI-05
Dumb

- barge C.II-12
- tanker barge C.II-13

Embarked, Inland waterway passenger - C.V-11
Embarkation, Place of - C.V-14
Employment C.III-06
Energy consumption by IWT C.VI-01
Enterprise C.III-03
 IWT - C.III-04
 Public IWT - C.III-05
Entry of an IWT vessel C.IV-10
Exit of an IWT vessel C.IV-11
Expenditure

Investment - on infrastructure C.III-14
Investment - on vessels C.III-15
Maintenance - on infrastructure C.III-16
Maintenance - on vessels C.III-17

Fleet, Inland waterway - C.II-06
Foreign IWT vessel C.II-03
Freight, IWT - vessel C.II-04
Gas/diesel oil C.VI-05
Goods

- carried by inland waterways C.V-16
- having entered the country by inland waterways (other than goods in transit by inland
  waterways throughout) C.V-24
- having left the country by inland waterways (other than goods in transit by inland waterways
  throughout) C.V-23
- in transit by inland waterways throughout C.V-25
- IWT link C.V-26
- loaded C.V-21
- unloaded C.V-22
Dangerous - C.V-20
Types of - carried by inland waterways C.V-19

Hire, Transport for - or reward C.III-01

117

Index

Inland waterway

- convoy C.IV-06
- enterprise: see Enterprise
- fleet C.II-06
- journey: see Journey
- passenger: see Passenger
- traffic: see Traffic
- transit C.V-06
- transport: see Transport
- vessel: see Vessel
Categories of navigable -s C.I-03
Goods carried by -s C.V-16
Goods - link C.V-26
Navigable - C.I-02
Navigable - network C.I-07
Navigable -s regularly used for transport C.I-08
Tonne-kilometre by -s C.V-18
Types of goods carried by -s C.V-19

International inland waterway transport C.V-04
Investment

- expenditure: see Expenditure
Tangible - C.III-13
IWT: see Inland waterway
Joule C.VI-03
Journey

Inland waterway - C.IV-04
Purpose of inland waterway passenger -s C.V-10

Kilometre

Inland waterway passenger- C.V-09
Seat- offered C.IV-09
Tonne-: see Tonne
Vehicle- IV- C.07
Vessel- IV- C.05
Lake, Navigable - C.I-05
Link

Goods IWT - C.V-26
Inland waterway passenger transport - C.V-13

Loaded

Goods - C.V-21
International transport - C.V-23

Loading, Place of - C.V-27
Maintenance expenditure: see Expenditure
Motor gasoline C.VI-04
National inland waterway
- transport C.V-02
- vessel C.II-02

Navigable

- canal I- C.06
- inland waterway C.I-02
- inland waterway network C.I-07
- inland waterways regularly used for transport C.I-08
- lake C.I-05
- river C.I-04
Categories of - inland waterways C.I-03

Navigation, Self-propelled vessel for river/sea - C.II-11

118

Index

Network, Navigable inland waterway - C.I-07
Own-account, Transport on - C.III-02
Passenger, Inland waterway - C.V-08

- disembarked C.V-12
- embarked C.V-11
-kilometre C.V-09
- transport link C.V-13
- vessel: see Vessel
Purpose of inland - journeys C.V-10

Petrol C.VI-04
Power (kW) C.II-23
Public IWT enterprise C.II-05
Purpose of inland waterway passenger journeys C.V-10
Pushed

- barge C.II-14
- tanker barge C.II-15
-towed barge C.II-16
-towed tanker barge C.II-17

Pusher

- tug C.II-20
- vessel C.II-19
Self-propelled - barge C.II-09
Self-propelled -tanker barge C.II-10

Revenues C.III-08

Types of - C.III-09

Reward, Transport for hire or - C.III-01
River, Navigable - C.I-04
Seat-kilometre offered C.IV-09
Self-propelled

- barge C.II-07
- pusher barge C.II-09
- pusher tanker barge C.II-10
- tanker barge C.II-08
- vessel for river/sea navigation C.II-11

Tangible investment C.III-13
Tanker barge: see Barge
TOE C.VI-02
Tonne

- of oil equivalent C.VI-02
-kilometre by inland waterways C.V-18
-kilometre offered C.IV-08

Towed

Pushed- barge C.II-16
Pushed- tanker barge C.II-17
Traffic, Inland waterway - C.IV-01
- on national territory C.IV-02
Unladen - C.IV-03

Transit, Inland waterway - C.V-06
- of an IWT vessel C.IV-12
Goods in - by inland waterways throughout C.V-25

Transport, Inland waterway - C.V-01
- for hire or reward C.III-01
- on own-account C.III-02
Cabotage - C.V-03
Cross-trade - C.V-05

119

Index

International - C.V-04
Passenger - link C.V-13
International - loaded C.V-23
International - unloaded C.V-24
National - C.V-02
Urban - C.V-07

Tug C.II-18

Pusher - C.II-20

Turnover C.III-07
Types of

- costs C.III-11
- goods carried by inland waterways C.V-19
- revenues C.III-09

Unladen inland waterway traffic C.IV-03
Unloaded

Goods - C.V-22
International transport - C.V-24

Unloading, Place of - C.V-28
Urban inland waterway transport C.V-07
Value added C.III-12
Vehicle-kilometre C.IV-07
Vessel, IWT - C.II-01
-kilometre C.IV-05
Capacity of a passenger - C.II-22
Entry of an - C.IV-10
Exit of an - C.IV-11
Foreign - C.II-03
Freight - C.II-04
National - C.II-02
Passenger - C.II-05
Pusher - C.II-19
Self-propelled - for river/sea navigation C.II-11
Transit of an - C.IV-12
Year of construction of - C.II-24

Waterway C.I-01

Inland - : see Inland waterway

Weight C.V-17
Year of construction of vessel C.II-24

D. OIL PIPELINE TRANSPORT

Carrying capacity of an oil pipeline D.I/II-03
Consumed, Energy - for transport by oil pipeline D.VI-01
Costs D.III-08

Types of - D.III-09

Diesel oil D.VI-05
Distillate fuel oil D.VI-05
Electric power D.VI-08
Employment D.III-04
Energy consumed for transport by oil pipeline D.VI-01
Enterprise D.III-01

Oil pipeline - D.III-02
Public oil pipeline transport - D.III-03

120

Index

Expenditure

Investment - on infrastructure D.III-12
Maintenance - on infrastructure D.III-13

Gas/diesel oil D.VI-05
Goods

- having entered the country by oil pipeline (other than goods in transit by oil pipeline
  throughout) D.IV/V-09
- having left the country by oil pipeline (other than goods in transit by oil pipeline throughout)
 D.IV/V-08
- in transit by oil pipeline throughout D.IV/V-10
- oil pipeline transport link D.IV/V-11
- transported by oil pipeline D.IV/V-04
Types of - transported by oil pipeline D.IV/V-06

International oil pipeline transport D.IV/V-03
Investment

- expenditure on infrastructure D.III-12
Tangible - D.III-11

Joule D.VI-03
Kilometre, Tonne-: see Tonne
Link, Goods oil pipeline transport - D.IV/V-11
Liquified petroleum gases D.VI-06
LPG D.VI-06
Maintenance expenditure on infrastructure D.III-13
Motor gasoline D.VI-04
National oil pipeline transport D.IV/V-02
Natural gas D.VI-07
Network, Oil pipeline - D.I/II-02
Oil pipeline(s) D.I/II-01

- enterprise: see Enterprise
- network D.I/II-02
- transport: see Transport
Carrying capacity of an - D.I/II-03
Goods transported by - D.IV/V-04

Petrol D.VI-04
Pipeline: see Oil pipeline
Place

Pumping-in - D.IV/V-12
Pumping-out - D.IV/V-13

Power, Electric - D.VI-08
Public oil pipeline transport enterprise D.III-03
Pumping-in place D.IV/V-12
Pumping-out place D.IV/V-13
Revenues D.III-06

Types of revenues D.III-07

Tangible investment D.III-11
TOE D.VI-02
Tonne

 of oil equivalent D.VI-02
-kilometre by oil pipeline D.IV/V-05
-kilometre offered D.IV/V-07

Transit, Goods in - by oil pipeline throughout D.IV/V-10
Transport, Oil pipeline - D.IV/V-01

Goods - link D.IV/V-11
International - D.IV/V-03
National oil - D.IV/V-02

121

Index

Public - enterprise D.III-03

Turnover D.III-05
Types of

- costs D.III-09
- goods transported by oil pipeline D.IV/V-06
- revenues D.III-07

Value added D.III-10

E. MARITIME TRANSPORT

Arrival of a merchant ship E.IV-12
Automatic Identification System E.II-14
Bunker call E.IV-10
Call

Bunker - E.IV-10
Port - by a merchant ship E.IV-09
Other -s E.IV-11

Capacity

Freight - utilisation E.V-13
Passenger - utilisation E.V-27
TEU - utilisation E.V-18

Cargo

- journey E.IV-06
Container - E.V-38
Dry - seagoing barge E.II-04
Ro-Ro - E.V-40
Types of - E.V-36

Categories of goods carried by sea E.V-44
Classification society E.III-08
Commercial sea transport E.V-02
Consumption, Energy - by merchant ships E.VI-01
Container

- cargo E.V-38
ISO Freight - E.II-15
Sizes of -s E.II-17
Types of -s E.II-18
Costs, Personnel - E.III-13
Cross-trade sea transport - E.V-05
Cruise

- passenger E.V-21
- passenger excursion E.V-31
- ship E.II-07

Dangerous goods E.V-45
Deadweight (DWT) E.II-12
Deep sea shipping (Europe only) E.V-07
Departure of a merchant ship E.IV-13
Detention under port state control E.IV-16
Disembarkation, Port of - E.V-34
Disembarked, Sea passenger - E.V-30
Distance, Port-to-port - E.IV-07
Distillate fuel oil E.VI-04
Dry cargo seagoing barge E.II-04
DWT E.II-12
Embarkation, Port of - E.V-33

122

Index

Embarked, Sea passenger - E.V-29
Employment E.III-20

- category / port enterprise staff E.III-22
- category / sea transport enterprise staff E.III-21

Energy consumption by merchant ships E.VI-01
Enterprise

Port - E.III-03
Public port - E.III-07
Public sea transport - E.III-05
Sea transport - E.III-04

European short sea shipping E.V-06
Excursion, Cruise passenger - E.V-31
Flag state E.II-08
Fleet, Merchant - E.II-11
Freight capacity utilisation E.V-13
Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil) E.VI-04
Goods

- carried by sea E.V-35
- loaded E.V-47
- sea transport link E.V-49
- unloaded E.V-48
Categories of - carried by sea E.V-44
Dangerous - E.V-45
Sales of tangible investment - including vessels E.III-19
Value of tangible - acquired through financial leasing E.III-15

Gross

-gross weight of goods E.V-41
- investment: see Investment
- tonnage (GT) E.II-13
- weight of goods E.V-42

GT E.II-13
Heavy fuel oil (residual) E.VI-05
Hub port E.I-04
International sea transport E.V-04
Investment

Gross - in buildings, structures and land E.III-17
Gross - in machinery and equipment, including vessels E.III-18
Gross - in tangible goods E.III-16
Sales of tangible - goods, including vessels E.III-19

ISO Freight Container E.II-15
Joule E.VI-03
Journey, Sea - E.IV-04
Cargo - E.IV-06
Purpose of a passenger - E.V-28
Passenger - E.V-22

Kilometre

Passenger-: see Passenger
TEU-: see TEU
Tonne: see Tonne
Vessel- E.IV-08

Leasing, Value of tangible goods acquired through financial - E.III-15
Link

Sea passenger transport - E.V-32
Goods sea transport - E.V-49

Loaded, Goods - E.V-47

123

Index

Loading, Port of - E.V-50
Lo-Lo (Lift-on Lift-off) E.V-37
Maritime coastal area E.I-01
Merchant fleet E.II-11
Merchant ship E.II-06
- laid up E.IV-14
Arrival of a - E.IV-12
Departure of a - E.IV-13
Energy consumption by -s E.VI-01

Mobile (Ro-Ro) unit E.II-20
National sea transport E.V-03
Nationality of registration of seagoing vessel (Flag state) E.II-08
Non-unitised transport E.V-09
Other calls E.IV-11
Pallet E.II-22
Passenger, Sea - E.V-20

- capacity utilisation E.V-27
- disembarked E.V-30
- embarked E.V-29
- journey E.V-22
-kilometre E.V-23
-kilometre offered E.V-24
-kilometres performed E.V-26
- on board E.V-25
- transport link E.V-32
Cruise - E.V-21
Cruise - excursion E.V-31

Payments for long term rental and operational leasing E.III-14
Personnel costs E.III-13
Port E.I-02

- accessibility E.I-06
- call by a merchant ship E.IV-09
- cranes by lifting capacity  E.I-12
- cranes by type E.I-13
- enterprise E.III-03
- hinterland links and short sea shipping E.I-16
- land side facilities E.I-07
- navigation aids and services E.I-15
- of disembarkation E.V-34
- of embarkation E.V-33
- of loading E.V-50
- of unloading E.V-51
- quay lengths by depth of water E.I-10
- quay lengths by use E.I-09
- repair facilities E.I-14
- state control E.IV-15
- state control, Detention under - E.IV-16
- storage areas E.I-08
-to-port distance E.IV-07
Hub - E.I-04
Statistical - E.I-03

Public

- port enterprise E.III-07
- sea transport enterprise E.III-05

Purchases, Total - of goods and services E.III-12

124

Index

Purpose of a sea passenger journey E.V-28
Ro-Ro (Roll-on Roll-off) E.V-39

- berth E.I-11
- cargo E.V-40

Scheduled sea traffic (liner traffic) E.IV-02
Sea

- journey : see Journey
- passenger : see Passenger
- stage E.IV-05
- traffic : see Traffic
- transport : see Transport
- shipping: see Shipping
Seagoing vessel : see Vessel
Ship E.II-05

- borne trailers E.II-21
- to ship transshipment E.V-46
Cruise - E.II-07
Merchant -: see Merchant ship

Shipping

- firm E.III-04
Deep sea - (Europe only) E.V-07
European short sea - E.V-06

Sizes of containers E.II-17
Stage, Sea - E.IV-05
Statistical port E.I-03
Swap body E.II-19
Tangible goods: see Goods
Tare weight E.V-43
TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) E.II-16

- capacity utilisation E.V-18
-kilometre E.V-15
-kilometre offered E.V-16
-kilometres performed E.V-17
-s on board E.V-19

TOE E.VI-02
Tonnage, Gross - (GT) E.II-13
Tonne

- of oil equivalent (TOE) E.VI-02
-kilometre E.V-10
-kilometre offered E.V-11
-kilometres performed E.V-12
-s on board E.V-14

Total purchases of goods and services E.III-12
Traffic, Sea - E.IV-01

Scheduled - (liner traffic) E.IV-02
Unscheduled - E.IV-03
Trailers, Ship borne - E.II-21
Transshipment, Ship to ship - E.V-46
Transport, Sea - E.V-01

- enterprise: see Enterprise
- for hire or reward E.III-01
- on own-account E. III-02
Commercial - E.V-02
Cross-trade - E.V-05
International - E.V-04

125

Index

National - E.V-03
Non-unitised - E.V-09
Unitised - E.V-08

Turnover E.III-09
Types

- of cargo E.V-36
- of containers E.II-18

UN/LOCODE E.I-05
Unitised transport E.V-08
Unloaded, Goods - E.V-48
Unloading, Port of - E.V-51
Unscheduled sea traffic E.IV-03
Value added

- at basic prices E.III-10
- at factor cost E.III-11

Value of tangible goods acquired through financial leasing E.III-15
Vessel, Seagoing - E.II-01
-kilometre E.IV-08
- under foreign flag E.II-10
- under national flag E.II-09
Nationality of registration of - E.II-08
Year of construction of - E.II-02

Weight

Gross -: see Gross
Tare - E.V-43

Year

- of construction of vessel E.II-02
- of last major refit or modification E.II-03

F. INTERMODAL TRANSPORT

Active mode

-/Passive mode transport F.I-02
-/Road accompanied transport F.I-03
-/Road unaccompanied transport F.I-04
Transport of containers or swap bodies (by -) F.I-05

Body, Swap - F.II-07
Combined transport F.I-01
Container F.II-03

Sizes of -s F.II-04
Transport of -s or swap bodies (by active mode) F.I-05
Types of -s F.II-05

Flat F.II-08
Intermodal transport: see Transport
ITU F.II-02
Loading unit F.II-01
Multimodal transport F.I-01
Pallet F.II-09
Passive mode, Active mode/- transport F.I-02
Road

Active mode/- accompanied transport F.I-03
Active mode/- unaccompanied transport F.I-04

Ro-Ro unit F.II-11
Sizes of containers F.II-04

126

Index

Swap body F.II-07

Transport of container or -ies (by active mode) F.I-05

TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) F.II-06
Transport

- of containers or swap bodies (by active mode) F.I-05
Active mode/Passive mode - F.I-02
Active mode/road accompanied - F.I-03
Active mode/Road unaccompanied - F.I-04
Combined transport F.I-01
Intermodal - F.I-01
Intermodal - unit F.II-02
Multimodal - F.I-01
Wagon for intermodal - F.II-10
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit F.II-06
Types of containers F.II-05
Unit

Intermodal transport - F.II-02
Loading - F.II-01
Ro-Ro - F.II-11
Twenty-foot Equivalent - F.II-06
Wagon for intermodal transport F.II-10

127