International trade in services EU, 1992-2001 : compilation guide.
Date: 2003-09-24
Institutions: Eurostat
Subjects: EU Member State, balance of payments, international trade, provision of services, statistical method, third country

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International trade
in services
EU, 1992-2001
Compilation Guide

2

THEME 2
Economy  
and  
finance

E U R O P E A N
C O M M I S S I O N

 
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003

ISSN 1725-0625

© European Communities, 2003

The  BOP  International  Trade  in  Services  team  (Ignacio  Alonso  Zabaco,  Thomas  Deschamps,  Alessandro
Lupi and Yann Marcus) has carried out this document under the co-ordination of Luis Biedma, an official of
the Unit B5.
We  strive  to  make  this  seventh  edition  of  the  BOP  ITS  compilation  guide  the  more  useful  and  easy  to
consult. However, we intend to improve it every year thanks to your remarks.

Thank you and please note our address:

Balance of payments, Unit B5
Eurostat,
L-2920 Luxembourg

E-mail: Luis.biedma@cec.eu.int

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 5

PART I: Methodological framework of the balance of payments

1. General rules ......................................................................................................................... 9

2. Rules and recommendations of the TF2 ................................................................................ 9

3. Eurostat / OECD classification ............................................................................................. 15

4. Contents of BOP geonomenclature (in use in 2001) ............................................................ 18

5. Production process .............................................................................................................. 35

PART II: Deviation from the defined methodology of each reporting economy

1. General description of main corrections and estimations ..................................................... 39

2. Description of corrections and estimates for each Member State, EU, euro-zone,

Norway, the USA and Japan and table of percentage of intervention. ................................. 41
Calculation of the EU/euro-zone aggregates ................................................................... 43
Belgium and Luxembourg ............................................................................................... 44
Denmark ......................................................................................................................... 48
Germany ......................................................................................................................... 54
Greece ............................................................................................................................ 58
Spain............................................................................................................................... 62
France............................................................................................................................. 66
Ireland............................................................................................................................. 71
Italy ................................................................................................................................. 78
Netherlands..................................................................................................................... 81
Austria............................................................................................................................. 85
Portugal .......................................................................................................................... 88
Finland ............................................................................................................................ 91
Sweden........................................................................................................................... 95
United Kingdom .............................................................................................................. 99
Norway.......................................................................................................................... 106
United States of America............................................................................................... 109
Japan ............................................................................................................................ 117

ANNEXES

Published BOP items ............................................................................................................. 121

Published BOP geonomenclature .......................................................................................... 123

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Introduction

This  is  the  seventh  edition  of  the  International  trade  in  services  compilation  guide,  referring  to  the  2001
production. It describes the harmonisation that Eurostat applied to the Member States' new and revised data.
The corrections and estimations carried out on the figures published for previous years are described in the
previous issues of the compilation guide (see table next page).

The  aim  of  this  compilation  guide  is  to  provide  absolute  transparency  in  relation  to  the  harmonisation
process applied by Eurostat to each Member State original data. The domain covered is the annual current
account data (International trade in services - ITS / Geographical breakdown of the current account - GBR).

Each  year  or  quarter,  the  national  banks  or  the  national  statistical  offices  provide  Eurostat  with  data
according  to  a  set  of  questionnaires  approved  by  all  Member  States  and  designed  to  fulfil  a  set  of
requirements.  These  questionnaires  are  included  in  an  internal  document  called  the  Balance  of  Payments
Vade  mecum.  This  document  contains  apart  from  the  questionnaires,  coding  system,  format  and  media
details, deadlines and instructions on how data should be supplied.

Due to a variety of reasons, Member States are still not able to comply fully with the BOP Vade mecum and
the  IMF  Balance  of  payments  Manual,  fifth  edition  (BPM5).  For  this  reason,  and  while  waiting  an  EU
regulation that should establish a common framework for the systematic production of community statistics
on International Trade in Services, Eurostat concluded gentleman’s agreements. These agreements, based
on  the  report  of  Task  Force2  ‘Current  account’,  are  intended  to  improve  compliance  with  the  rules  and
recommendations laid down in the report.

Thus, Eurostat has to apply several adjustments to the original data supplied by the Member States in order
to harmonise and fill up missing information  to  produce  a  Balance  of  payments  of  the  European  Union  as
meaningful as possible.

Most probably, this work will have to be continued for some time, till full compliance is achieved.

Eurostat’s primary concern regarding definition of harmonisation methods to obtain comparable data series
(across countries and through time) is the European Union and euro-zone aggregates. The results may be
meaningless at Member State level, provided that the EU-15/Euro-zone totals are meaningful.

The objective of the compilation guide is to enable users or providers of EU BOP information to arrive to the
harmonised data of a given country applying a sequence of operations to the original data provided by the
country in question.

Corrections  and  estimates  are  carried  out  by  Eurostat  after  discussing  them  with  the  Member  State
concerned. The compilation guide will not change this current practice. Its purpose is to formalise the ways in
which the corrections and estimates are made so that they are clearly explained.

This  document  contains  two  parts.  The  first  part  defines  the  data  methodological  framework  of  the  EU
balance of payments presenting the general rules to be applied for the compilation and more particularly the
rules and recommendations of Task Force 2 ‘Current account’. The classifications (nature of transaction and
countries,  geographic  and  economic  zones)  are  presented.  The  reader  can  find  in  the  last  paragraph  a
scheme describing the Eurostat production process.

In the second part, for each country deviations from the defined methodology are presented. Each correction
and estimate carried out by Eurostat is described in detail. At the end, a table summarises the ‘percentages
of  intervention’  for  each  Member  State.  To  allow  the  comparison  with  previous  years  the  'percentages  of
intervention' corresponding to the 1998, 1999 and 2000 productions (and given in the previous editions of the
compilation guide) are also indicated.

The  annexes  present  the  BOP  items  and  geographical  breakdown  published  in  the  latest  CD-Rom
“International trade in services, Geographical breakdown of the current account – EU”.

N.B.:  Published  data  for  the  euro-zone  includes  detail  on  services  only.  They  have  been  validated  by  the
ECB. In fact, in order to conform to the internationally agreed methodology, Member States were requested
to  change  the  geographical  allocation  of  intra-EU/euro-zone  imports  of  goods  from  country  of  origin  to
country  of  consignment.  Regarding  the  calculation  of  the  EU/euro-zone  aggregates,  the  principle  of
consignment has been implemented from 1997 onwards.

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COMPILATION GUIDE

Periods covered by the different editions of the compilation guide

Compilation guide
January 2003
2001 production

Compilation guide
December 2001
2000 production

Compilation guide
December 2000
1999 production

Compilation guide
December 1999
1998 production

New
data

Revised
data

New
data

Revised
data

New
data

Revised
data

BLEU

2001

1999-00

2000

1998-99

1999

DENMARK

2001

1999-00

2000

1999

1999

1998

1998

New
data

1998

1998

Revised
data

1997

1997

GERMANY

2001

1998-00

2000

1997-99

1999

1989-98

1998

1995-97

GREECE

SPAIN

FRANCE

IRELAND

ITALY

2001

2001

2001

2001

2001

NETHERLANDS

2001

AUSTRIA

2001

-

2000

2000

-

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

1999

1999

-

-

1999

1999

1998

1998

-

1999

1993-98

1998

1993-97

1999

1999

1999

-

-

-

1998

1998

1998

1998

1997

1996-97

-

1996-97

2000

1997, 99

1999

1998

2000

1999

1999

1997-98

1998

1997

PORTUGAL

2001

1999-00

2000

1996-99

1999

1996-98

1998

1996-97

FINLAND

SWEDEN

UNITED
KINGDOM

NORWAY

USA

JAPAN

2001

2001

2000

-

2000

2000

1999

1999

1999

1999

-

1998

1998

1998

-

-

2001

1996-00

2000

1996-99

1999

1998

1998

1996-97

1995-98,
2001

1999-00

2000

1999

-

-

-

-

2001

1999-00

2000

1998-99

1999

1997-98

1998

1996-97

2001

-

2000

-

1999

-

1998

-

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1.

General rules

In general, MS should apply the following rules and recommendations for the compilation of their balance of
payments statistics:
- the rules and recommendations of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 5th edition (BPM5).
- the  additional  (supplementary)  guidelines  given  in  the  report  of  Task  Force  2,  in  particular  the

rules for selected items given below.
These guidelines are reviewed by each Member State in the framework of the Gentleman’s Agreement
exercise.  The  mandate  of  the  Gentleman’s  Agreement  was  to  define  the  contribution  of  the  national
compilers to the EU BOP as compiled by Eurostat. It seeks to secure continuity of supply and improve
the quality of the information. It helps to solve problems, while waiting an EU regulation, finding practical
and acceptable solutions both to each country and Eurostat.

- the  "nature  of  transaction"  classification  (based  on  the  joint  OECD/Eurostat  classification)  and

the geographical classification described in the Eurostat BOP Vade mecum

2.

Rules and recommendations of the TF2

A General merchandise

A.1 General merchandise, geographical allocation of exports/imports

Rule:  The  geographical  allocation  of  both  extra  trade  and  intra  trade  should  be  made  by  the  country  of
destination  (exports)  resp.  by  country  of  consignment  (imports),  as  defined  in  the  EU  extra  trade  and  intra
trade directives. (Supplementary trade items should be allocated in the same way, in principle). But for extra-
EU imports the origin principle was approved at the BOP working party 22-23/10/97 (cf. Minutes § 29).

A.2 General merchandise, disguised direct transit trade

Rule: the geographical allocation rule (A.1.) is of particular importance with regard to the so-called disguised
direct transit trade. Such trade should not be eliminated from the BOP of the "transit countries", at least not
from the figures reported to EUROSTAT.

A.3 General merchandise, trade through international distribution centres located in a Member State

Rule: imports  into/  exports  from  international  distribution  centres  held  within  the  customs  territory  of  a  MS
should  not  be  excluded  from  the  BOP  of  that  MS,  at  least  when  reporting  to  EUROSTAT;  imports  into/
exports  from  distribution  centres  located  in  a  free  area  of  MS  and  held  by  residents  of  non-MS  should  be
recorded only at the time the goods are imported by a MS.

A.4 General merchandise, transactions in goods between affiliates

Rule: Transactions in goods between affiliated entities (e.g. between a parent and its branches or assembly
plants  abroad),  and  transactions  under  joint  international  production  programs  (e.g.  Airbus)  should  be
included in general merchandise in the BOP, and not be eliminated from the trade statistics figures.

A.5 General  merchandise,  transactions  in  goods  in  free  ports,  free  areas,  customs  bonded

warehouses

Rule:  the  compilation  of  trade  should  be  based  on  the  change  of  ownership-principle.  As  most  MS  derive
their trade figures from international trade statistics (general or special trade statistics) which include all flows
of goods across the (national or customs) border, without regard to change of ownership, certain corrections
to the trade figures are inevitable. If the goods-item is based on general trade statistics, imports/ exports on
account  of  non-residents  must  be  excluded;  if  special  trade  figures  are  used,  imports  into/  re-exports  from
free ports etc. on account of residents must be added.

B Goods for processing

Rule: The international activities related to processing should be recorded as follows:
The item ‘goods for processing’ should include:
a) the flows that are registered in the foreign trade statistics of the two countries concerned (country of origin
and country of processor), i.e. all goods sent for processing at their value before processing (export/import

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for  processing),  and  the  goods  actually  returned  after  processing  to  the  country  of  origin  (re-imports  /  re-
exports after processing), their value including the process fee.
b) (fictitious) re-imports resp. re-exports of the goods that were sold abroad (in the processors or in a third
country), i.e. it is assumed that all goods are first returned to country of origin (see next paragraph).
As stated above, goods sold abroad after processing (and not actually returned to the country of origin) are
recorded as (fictitious) re-import by resp. re-export to that country; this entry is offset by a (fictitious) export to
/ import by the processor's country (in "general merchandise"). This rule has been chosen in order to comply
with SNA/ESA (sources and uses approach) and to avoid inconsistencies with foreign trade statistics.

For  goods  not  finished  in  the  same  period  offsetting  entries  should  be  made  in  the  financial  account,  in
principle. As these entries will, by and large, balance out, it should be left to the MS whether such entries are
made or not. Apart from this timing difference, the net entries in the item "goods for processing" reflect the
processing fees paid by the customers to the processors.

C Goods procured in ports

Rule: Goods procured by carriers in foreign ports should be collected/estimated, at least purchase of energy
products (fuel).

D Non monetary gold

Rule: non monetary gold covers exports and imports of all gold not held as reserve assets by the authorities;
it is treated as any other commodity (§ 202 BPM5). Transactions in (physical) gold should be included even if
the  gold  does  not  cross  the  border  of  the  compiling  country.  Temporary  transactions  (e.g.  gold  purchased
and  resold  by  the  banks)  should  be  regarded  as  "merchanting  trade".  Acquisition  and  disposal  of  gold-
denominated claims/ liabilities is a financial transaction.

E Transportation

E.1 Freight

Rule:  Freight  of  imports  and  exports  for  all  modes  of  transportation  should  be  determined  so  as  to
correspond  to  the  fob  valuation  of  merchandise.  Payments  reports  are  not  suited  for  this  purpose  as  the
amounts reported depend on the delivery clause of the contract; estimates are therefore inevitable.

E.2 Passenger services, and supporting and auxiliary transport services

Rule: Passenger services, and supporting and auxiliary transport services should be ascertained separately,
especially in sea and air transport. Surveys/estimates may be necessary to establish complete figures (e.g.
fares  included  in  the  price  of  package  tours,  or  payments  by  a  resident  exporter  to  a  resident  supplier  of
auxiliary services beyond the "fob-border").

E.3 Operator principle

Rule:  The  MS  should  apply  the  operator  principle  for  recording  and  geographical  allocation  of  sea
transportation  (included  the  distinction  between  residents/non-residents),  regardless  of  ownership  and
registration, i.e. the MS must collect data for/from all entities which operate ships from the MS' territory.

F Travel

F.1 Exclusion of non-travel cash payments

Rule: Payments in cash for other purposes than travel, e.g. general merchandise, income of border workers,
financial transactions ("capital flight"), should be excluded. The same applies to re-exchange of unused bank
notes and traveller cheques. Surveys and estimates based on other information than the bank reports may
be required.

F.2 Exchange of figures for purchases and sales of foreign bank notes

Rule:  Those  MS  which  have  data  on  gross  purchases  and  sales  of  the  different  foreign  bank  notes
(currencies) by their banks should continue with the exchange of such data which began under the auspices
of the OECD in the early seventies. MS not having such data (or not participating in the present exchange)
should try to collect the data and participate in the exchange.

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

F.3 Geographical allocation of cash payments in currencies used internationally

Rule: The MS should improve the geographical allocation of cash receipts/payments in currencies which are
widely used in international transactions, in particular the US dollar. For this purpose other travel or tourist
statistics with geographical breakdown should be used as basis for estimates.

G Construction services

G.1 Borderline between ‘construction services’ and ‘direct investment’

Rule: TF2 recommends to adhere to the criteria for direct investment in the "Detailed benchmark definition of
foreign direct investment" of the OECD. That is, all site offices set up in the (legal) form of subsidiaries and
unincorporated  partnerships  should  be  regarded  as  direct  investment.  Unincorporated  branches  and  site
offices set up in the host country to carry out a construction order should be regarded as direct investment
only  if  they  are  "permanent"  establishments.  This  corresponds  to  the  rule  set  up  in  §  73  BPM5  ("the
enterprise must plan to operate the establishment indefinitely or over a long period of time").
The exploration/exploitation of resources of crude oil, natural gas and mineral ores should in most instances
be  regarded  as  "direct  investment",  the  development  of  oil  fields  etc.  requires  big  investments.  These
projects are often carried out by a joint venture of an operator and partners which normally meets the criteria
of direct investment.
Drilling  rigs  etc.  operating  in  international  waters  should  be  regarded  as  mobile  equipment,  the  related
transactions  be  recorded  in  the  items  concerned  (e.g.  mining  services)  and  allocated  to  the  country  of  the
operator.  On  the  other  hand,  oil/gas  production  (e.g.  in  the  North  Sea)  should  be  regarded  as  part  of  the
domestic production of the country to which the production site is attributed; the company that carries out the
production is a resident of that country, foreign shareholders of that company are direct investors, oil sales to
foreign countries constitute exports. In this field varying recording practices can be found, which may cause
large  discrepancies  in  the  BOPs  of  the  countries  concerned;  therefore  the  MS  involved  should  undertake
efforts to align their recording practice.

G.2 Recording rule for ‘construction services’

Rule: Once it has been decided to regard a project as "services", the transactions should be recorded in the
following way in the figures reported to Eurostat:

G.2.a Gross recording of receipts and expenditures according to the OECD/Eurostat classification:

There  should  be  gross  recording  of  construction  receipts  and  expenditures  in  the  two  sub-items  for
construction  in  the  OECD/Eurostat  classification  of  international  trade  in  services,  i.e.  construction  abroad
(by resident contractors) construction in the compiling country (by foreign contractors).
In the first sub item the gross payments made under the contract by the non-resident customer (credits) and
the  expenditures  made  by  the  contractor  (or  by  his  site  office)  in  the  host  country  in  performance  of  the
contract  (debits)  should  be  recorded.  In  the  second  sub-item  the  gross  payments  (transactions)  related  to
construction  by  non-resident  contractors  in  the  compiling  country  should  be  recorded  correspondingly
(contractual payments: debits, expenditure in the compiling country: credits).
Note that (local) expenditures also include goods supplied to the building site from the contractor’s country
and  goods  and  services  supplied  to  the  building  site  from  third  countries  (see  point  b  and  c  below).  When
local supplies (or supplies from third countries) are paid by the site office, it will usually make these payments
from lump sum transfers received from the general contractor. Such transfers should therefore be recorded
in the construction sub-item in question as expenditures.

G.2.b Goods  supplied  (for  use  in  the  project,  excluding  equipment  for  temporary  use)  to  the  host

country from the general contractor's country

Goods supplied (for use in the project, excluding equipment for temporary use) to the host country from the
general  contractor's  country  should  be  left  in  "general  merchandise"  and  be  offset  by  recording
corresponding debits in the construction sub-item in question. Such offsetting entries are necessary because
the value of these goods are usually included in the contract payment(s) by the customer, and because the
construction items should show all expenditures (input) related to the construction services.

G.2.c Goods supplied to the host country from third countries

Goods supplied to the host country from third countries should be recorded in two steps, first as exports of
goods to the host country of the building site, and then as sales from that country to the general contractor
as  local  supplies  (recording  in  the  construction  sub-item  in  question).  Services  supplied  by  third  countries
should in principle be recorded in the same way, however in the frequent case of such services being paid

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COMPILATION GUIDE

by  the  general  contractor  directly  to  the  supplier,  they  should  be  recorded  as  imports  to  the  contractor's
country (item concerned) which are the used in the production of construction services.

H Insurance services

H.1 Determining the service charge included in premiums

Rule: the  service  charge  component  in  premiums  should  be  estimated,  the  rest  of  the  premiums,  and  the
claims should be recorded in current transfers (non-life insurance) or in the financial account (life insurance).
The  service  charges  included  in  the  premiums  for  re-insurance  should  be  estimated  and  recorded  in  the
same way, in principle.
A Task Force "insurance" has already done an important work in order to produce a realistic and consistent
estimate of the service charge component to be used by all Member States. This estimate is based on the
information contained in the European Insurance Enterprise Statistics (IES).

H.2 Estimating the cost of transport insurance included in the C.I.F. values of imports (foreign trade

statistics)

Rule: the premiums for insurance of imports (transport insurance) must be estimated, be deducted from the
import c.i.f.-values of trade statistics, and -insofar as they are relevant to the BOP- be recorded as a kind of
non-life insurance (see preceding paragraph). As the totals are not big in most countries, a simple method of
estimation is recommended: the value of imports of the compiling country should be multiplied by an average
rate  (average  of  premiums  charged  by  representative  resident  and  foreign  insurers),  the  share  of  non-
resident insurers should be regarded as premium debits (see preceding paragraph). The average premium
and the average share of non-resident insurers could be established through occasional surveys.

I Financial services

Rule:  fees  and  commissions  associated  with  the  intermediation  of  trade  in  financial  assets,  or  with  the
purchase and sale of financial assets on behalf of customers, or with other services in the financial field (e.g.
account  management)  should  be  ascertained  and  recorded  in  this  item  if  they  are  charged  (invoiced)
separately  to  the  customers.  Efforts  should  be  made  to  collect  this  information  (or  to  make  an  estimate)  if
these fees are not reported separately at present (but are, instead, included in the financial account, together
with  the  assets  traded).  Included  should  be  fees  etc.  related  to  trade  in  all  kinds  of  financial  assets  (as
defined in BPM5, including financial derivatives).
It may be easier to establish the credit figures than the debits. If it turns out that the intra-EU credits exceed
the debits considerably, an exchange of figures, or a systematic completion of the debit side by EUROSTAT
(estimate) could be envisaged.

J Merchanting trade

J.1

Rule: The MS should comply with the definition of "merchanting" and with the recording rule set out in § 262
BPM5, in principle.

J.2

Rule:  Merchanting  comprises  not  only  trade  by  resident  professional  merchants;  trade  in  goods  located
abroad by other resident companies may be important in some MS, and must be ascertained anyway as it is
not covered by the foreign trade statistics. For example, the trade of resident banks in (physical) gold held
abroad is normally temporary and must be included with "merchanting".

J.3

Rule: Merchanting may comprise, in addition to trade in goods located outside the national border, trade in
goods located within free ports, customs bonded warehouses etc., if "during the process" the goods do not
cross  the  border.  These  transactions  should  also  be  included,  overlapping  with  foreign  trade  statistics  (in
particular: general trade) should be avoided.

J.4

Rule:  The  changes  in  stocks  held  abroad  by  merchants  and  other  traders  must  usually  be  estimated.  MS
using  settlements  figures  should  attempt  to  make  an  estimate  (at  least  annually),  MS  relying  on  surveys
should  include  appropriate  questions  in  the  questionnaire.  The  annual  net  change  in  stocks  could  be

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

recorded  under  "general  merchandise"  (imports,  or  negative  imports);  in  view  of  its  temporary  character,  a
geographical breakdown is not required.

J.5

Rule:  The  geographical  breakdown  of  the  traders'  net  profits/  losses  should  be  made  in  proportion  to  the
geographical classification of their gross sales, i.e. it is assumed that the profits are borne by their customers
(buyers of the goods).

K General payments between affiliates

Rule: this item, which does not exist in the IMF-standard classification, is another sub-item of "miscellaneous
business  services".  It  should  be  defined  as  narrowly  as  possible,  in  order  not  to  invalidate  the  analytical
value of the classification by kind of service. As it is not possible to imagine all kinds of transactions between
affiliated companies that occur in practice, only some general guidelines can be given.

K.1 Transactions between parents and their agencies, sales offices etc. abroad (§ 83 BPM5):

Revenues of the sales offices from residents of their host country (other than for goods sales) should be
recorded as imports of services by the host country from the parent's country; e.g. the sale of tickets by
the  agency  of  a  foreign  airline  to  residents  of  the  host  country  constitutes  an  import  of  passenger
services from the country of which the airline is a resident.
The running costs of the agency/ sales office should be recorded as a service rendered by the agency to
the parent, in the service concerning the main activity of the agency, e.g. as commissions on passenger
or freight services, or on insurance services  (§§ 240, 255 BPM5), without attempting to split them up.
In  summary,  there  should  be  little  scope  for  using  the  item  "general  payments  between  affiliates"  for
payments between parent companies and their affiliates classed as agents.

K.2 Transactions between other affiliates (parents, subsidiaries, branches etc.)

Specific  payments  (to  compensate  the  affiliate  for  identifiable  goods  and  services  supplied  to  other
members of the group: recording in the goods/ services item concerned
The transfer of money by the parent to its affiliate, e.g. as a subsidy to cover an accounting loss in the
preceding period, or payments to enable the affiliate to carry on with its activities: in the first case, the
accounting loss should be recorded in direct investment income, offset by an entry in direct investment
capital;  when  the  payment  is  made,  it  is  offset  by  an  opposite  entry  in  direct  investment  capital.  If  the
transfer is made for other purposes, this will normally have to be recorded as a direct investment capital
flow.
Transfer of money by the affiliate to its parent, e.g. remittance of sales proceeds, or of cash not needed:
normally recording as direct investment income, distributed earnings.
Non-specific  payments  for  various  services:  recording  in  "general  payments  between  affiliates".  If  the
payment  seems  to  include  -in  addition  to  compensation  for  unspecified  goods  and  services-  other
components,  it  should  be  examined  whether  the  payment  does  not  constitute  a  disguised  direct
investment (capital or income) flow.

L Compensation of employees

L.1 Gross recording

Rule: The income (wages, salaries etc.) and the taxes, social securities etc. deductions should be recorded
gross, in the items concerned. Estimation problems are discussed in Ch. LI, pp. 2-3.

L.2 Transactions below the reporting threshold

Rule: Transactions of the kind mentioned in point 1 above which are below the reporting threshold should be
estimated.

M Current transfers

M.1Distinction between current and capital transfers

Rule: Current and capital transfers should be distinguished according to BPM5.

- 13

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-
-
-
-
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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

M.2Transfers between the MS and the European Union Institutions

The  TF2  rule  concerning  the  transfers  between  the  MS  and  the  European  Union  Institutions  has  been
reviewed.
The  document  “Current  and  capital  transfers  from  the  EUI-  a  proposed  treatment”  (BP/96/29/E)  was
discussed in the October 1996 WP. A written procedure was launched in January 1997 and the results were
discussed  in  the  March  1997  WP  (document  “Treatment  of  EUI  transfers:  final  approval  of  the  document
updated by the January 1997 written procedure” – BP/97/11/E).
The  following  rules,  either  differing  from  the  original  TF2  recommendation  or  dealing  with  points  needing
clarification, were finally adopted:
Rule: European Social Fund (ESF): 100% current

Cohesion Fund: 100% capital
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): 100% capital
Set – aside payments: 100% current
Transitional Measures and Innovation Schemes (TMIS): 100% current
European  Agricultural  Guidance  and  Guarantee  Fund  –  Guidance  section:  100%  capital  (in  the
absence of detailed information on the nature of specific actions – otherwise according to the nature
of the action)
Financial  Instrument  for  Fisheries  Guidance  (FIFG):  73%  capital  –  27%  current  (in  the  absence  of
detailed  information  on  the  nature  of  specific  actions  –  otherwise  according  to  the  nature  of  the
action)

These  rules  should  be  observed  by  both  Eurostat  and  Member  States.  Mutual  information  when  changes
occur is necessary to guarantee a harmonised treatment.

M.3Private transfers

Rule:  The  MS  should  exchange  figures  for  private  transfers,  at  least  for  some  kinds  (e.g.  workers
remittances, pensions and rents), to establish reliable figures. If exchange of data is not feasible, estimates
are necessary.

- 14 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

3.

Eurostat / OECD classification

CODE

ITEMS

TF2 RULE

993 CURRENT ACCOUNT

992 GOODS, SERVICES AND INCOME

991 GOODS AND SERVICES

100 GOODS
110
150
151
152
160
170
180
181
182
200 SERVICES
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214

General merchandise
Goods for processing
Processing abroad
Processing in the compiling economy

Repairs on goods
Goods procured in ports by carriers
Non monetary gold

Gold held as a store of value
Other non monetary gold

Transportation

Sea transport

Passenger transport on sea
Freight transport on sea
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Air transport

Passenger transport by air
Freight transport by air
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Other transportation
A.First classification
Passenger
Freight
Other
B.second classifcation
Space tranport
Rail transport

Passenger on rail
Freight on rail
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Road transport

Passenger on road
Freight on road
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Inland waterway transport

Passenger on inland waterway
Freight on inland waterway
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Pipeline transport
Other supporting and auxiliary transport services

Travel

Business travel

Expenditure by seasonal and border workers
Other business travel

Personal travel
Health-related expenditure

- 15

215
216
217

218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
236
237
238
239
240
241

A (A.1/A.2/A.3/A.4)
B

C
D

E(E.1/E.2/E.3)

E.2/E.3
E.1/E.3
E.2/E.3

E.2
E.1
E.2

E.2
E.1
E.2

E.1

E.1

E.1

F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

CODE
242
243
245
246
247
249

ITEMS

Education related expenditure
Other personal travel
Communications services

Postal and courier services
Telecommunication services

Construction services

250
251
253
254
255
256
257
258
260
262
263
264
266
268
269
270
271
272
273
274

275
276

277

278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
287
288
289
291
292
293
294
300
310
320

Construction abroad
Construction in the compiling economy

Insurance services

Life insurance and pension funding
Freight insurance
Other direct insurance
Reinsurance
Auxiliary services

Financial services
Computer and information services

Computer services
Information services
Royalties and licence fees
Other business services

Merchanting and other trade-related services

Merchanting
Other trade related services

Operational leasing
Miscellaneous business, professionnal and technical services

Legal, accounting, management, consulting and public relations
services

Legal services
Accounting, auditing, book-keeping and tax consulting
services
Business and management consultancy and public relations
services

Advertising, market research and public opinion polling
Research and development services
Architectural, engineering and other technical services
Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services

Waste treatment and depollution
Other

Other
Services between affiliated enterprises, n i e

Personal, cultural and recreational services

Audio-visual and related services
Other personal, cultural and recreational

Government services, n i e

Embassies and consulates
Military units and agencies
Other

INCOME

Compensation of employees
Investment Income

- 16 -

TF2 RULE
F.1/F.2/F.3
F.1/F.2/F.3

G.1/G.2
(G.2.a/G.2.b/G.2.c)

H.1/H.2
H.1
H.1/H.2
H.1
H.1
H.1
I

J (J.1/J.2J.3/J.4/J.5)

K/K.1/K.2

L.1/L.2

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

TF2 RULE

M.1/M.2/M.3

M.3

CODE

ITEMS

General government
Other sectors

Workers' remittances
Other transfers

Capital Account
Financial Account
Direct Investment

379 CURRENT TRANSFERS
380
390
391
392
996 CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNT (no geographical breakdown)
994
995
500
505
555
600
602
652
700
703
753
Reserves Assets
800
998 NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS

Assets
Liabilities
Other Investment

In the reporting economy

Assets
Liabilities

Portfolio Investment

Abroad

Memorandum items

Sea freight on ex works basis
Air freight on ex works basis
Road freight on ex works basis
Other freight on ex works basis

950 Freight transport on ex works basis
951
952
953
954
955 Tourists
956 Goods purchased in the frontier area by travelers
957 Hotel and restaurant services
958 Postal services
959 Courier services
960 Gross Insurance premiums
961 Gross Insurance claims
962 Merchanting gross flows

- 17

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

4.

Contents of BOP geonomenclature (in use in 2001)

4.1. Economic zones

D2 EU-15 - 15 countries + 3 entities -

A3 BLEU
DK Denmark
DE Germany

GR Greece
ES Spain

FR France

Ireland
Italy

IE
IT
NL Netherlands

AT Austria

PT Portugal

Finland
FI
SE Sweden
GB United Kingdom

Belgium (BE) + Luxembourg (LU)
Excludes Faroe Islands (FO) and Greenland (GL)
the
Includes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany),
Helgoland .
Excludes Büsingen and Büttenhardter Höfe (customs
free zones belonging to the customs territory of
Switzerland)

Includes Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla and
Canary Islands.
Excludes Andorra (AD)
Includes France metropolitan (FX), Principality of
Monaco (MC), Overseas Departements: French
Guyana (GF), Martinique (MQ), Guadeloupe (GP) -
Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les
Saintes,
Iles de la Petite Terre, Désirade, Saint
Barthélémy and Northern St Martin -, Réunion (RE),
Territorial collectivities: Mayotte (YT), Saint Pierre et
Miquelon (PM).
Excludes Overseas Territories (French Polynesia
(PF), New Caledonia (NC)
, Wallis and Futuna
Islands (WF)), Andorra (AD).

Excludes San Marino (SM) and the Holy See (VA)
Excludes Netherlands Antilles (AN) and Aruba (AW)

Excludes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany)

the

Includes Acores and Madeira
Excludes Macau (MO)

Excludes Channel
Islands - Guernsey and Jersey -
(XG) and the Isle of Man (XI), Anguilla (AI),
Montserrat (MS), the British Virgin Islands (VG), the
Turks and Caicos islands (TC), and the Cayman
islands (KY).

4A European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)
4F European Central Bank (ECB)
Intra-EU-15 not allocated
Z6

D4 Extra-EU-15

U2 Euro-zone (I1 up to end 2000 and I2 from 2001 onwards)

I1  EUR-11 - 11 countries + 2 entities
A3 BLEU
DE Germany

ES Spain

Belgium (BE) + Luxembourg (LU)
Includes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
the
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany),
Helgoland .
Excludes Büsingen and Büttenhardter Höfe (customs
free zones belonging to the customs territory of
Switzerland)
Includes Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla and
Canary Islands.
Excludes Andorra (AD)

- 18 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

FR France

Ireland
Italy

IE
IT
NL Netherlands

AT Austria

PT Portugal

Finland

FI
4F European Central Bank (ECB)
N1 Intra-EUR-11 not allocated

I2 EUR-12 - 12 countries + 2 entities
A3 BLEU
DE Germany

GR Greece
ES Spain

FR France

Ireland
Italy

IE
IT
NL Netherlands

AT Austria

PT Portugal

Finland

FI
4F European Central Bank (ECB)
N2 Intra-EUR-12 not allocated

Includes France metropolitan (FX), Principality of
Monaco (MC), Overseas Departements: French
Guyana (GF), Martinique (MQ), Guadeloupe (GP) -
Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les
Saintes,
Iles de la Petite Terre, Désirade, Saint
Barthélémy and Northern St Martin -, Réunion (RE),
Territorial collectivities: Mayotte (YT), Saint Pierre et
Miquelon (PM).
Excludes Overseas Territories (French Polynesia
(PF), New Caledonia (NC)
, Wallis and Futuna
Islands (WF)), Andorra (AD).

Excludes San Marino (SM) and the Holy See (VA)
Excludes Netherlands Antilles (AN) and Aruba (AW)

Excludes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany)

the

Includes Acores and Madeira
Excludes Macau (MO)

Belgium (BE) + Luxembourg (LU)
Includes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
the
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany),
Helgoland.
Excludes Büsingen and Büttenhardter Höfe (customs
free zones belonging to the customs territory of
Switzerland)

Includes Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla and
Canary Islands.
Excludes Andorra (AD)
Includes France metropolitan (FX), Principality of
Monaco (MC), Overseas Departements: French
Guyana (GF), Martinique (MQ), Guadeloupe (GP) -
Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les
Saintes,
Iles de la Petite Terre, Désirade, Saint
Barthélémy and Northern St Martin -, Réunion (RE),
Territorial collectivities: Mayotte (YT), Saint Pierre et
Miquelon (PM).
Excludes Overseas Territories (French Polynesia
(PF), New Caledonia (NC)
, Wallis and Futuna
Islands (WF)), Andorra (AD).

Excludes San Marino (SM) and the Holy See (VA)
Excludes Netherlands Antilles (AN) and Aruba (AW)

Excludes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany)

the

Includes Acores and Madeira
Excludes Macau (MO)

U3 EU Member States not belonging to  euro-zone (K1 up to end 2000 and K2 from 2001 onwards)

K1  EU Member  States not belonging to EUR-11
DK Denmark
GR Greece
SE Sweden

Excludes Faroe Islands (FO) and Greenland (GL)

- 19

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

GB United Kingdom

4A European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)

K2  EU Member  States not belonging to EUR-12
DK Denmark
SE Sweden
GB United Kingdom

Excludes Channel
Islands - Guernsey and Jersey -
(XG) and the Isle of Man (XI), Anguilla (AI),
Montserrat (MS), the British Virgin Islands (VG), the
Turks and Caicos islands (TC), and the Cayman
islands (KY).

Excludes Faroe Islands (FO) and Greenland (GL)

Excludes Channel
Islands - Guernsey and Jersey -
(XG) and the Isle of Man (XI), Anguilla (AI),
Montserrat (MS), the British Virgin Islands (VG), the
Turks and Caicos islands (TC), and the Cayman
islands (KY).

4A European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)

U4 Extra-euro-zone (J1 up to end 2000 and J2 from 2001 onwards)

J1  Extra-EUR-11
J2  Extra-EUR-12

A2 EU-12 - 12 countries + 2 entities -

A3 BLEU
DK Denmark
DE Germany

GR Greece
ES Spain

FR France

Ireland
Italy

IE
IT
NL Netherlands

PT Portugal

GB United Kingdom

Belgium (BE) + Luxembourg (LU)
Excludes Faroe Islands (FO) and Greenland (GL)
Includes Jungholz and Mittelberg (parts of
the
territory of Austria but customs union with Germany),
Helgoland.
Excludes Büsingen and Büttenhardter Höfe (customs
free zones belonging to the customs territory of
Switzerland)

Includes Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla and
Canary Islands.
Excludes Andorra (AD)
Includes France metropolitan (FX), Principality of
Monaco (MC), Overseas Departements: French
Guyana (GF), Martinique (MQ), Guadeloupe (GP) -
Grande Terre, Basse Terre, Marie Galante, Les
Saintes,
Iles de la Petite Terre, Désirade, Saint
Barthélémy and Northern St Martin -, Réunion (RE),
Territorial collectivities: Mayotte (YT), Saint Pierre et
Miquelon (PM).
Excludes Overseas Territories (French Polynesia
(PF), New Caledonia (NC)
, Wallis and Futuna
Islands (WF)), Andorra (AD).

Excludes San Marino (SM) and the Holy See (VA)
Excludes Netherlands Antilles (AN) and Aruba (AW)

Includes Acores and Madeira
Excludes Macau (MO)
Excludes Channel
Islands - Guernsey and Jersey -
(XG) and the Isle of Man (XI), Anguilla (AI),
Montserrat (MS), the British Virgin Islands (VG), the
Turks and Caicos islands (TC), and the Cayman
islands (KY).

4A European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)
Z2

Intra-EU-12 not allocated

A4 Extra-EU-12

- 20 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

A3 BLEU ( Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union)  - 2 countries -

BE Belgium
LU Luxembourg

A5 EFTA (European Free Trade Association) - 4 countries -

CH Switzerland
Iceland
IS
LI
Liechtenstein
NO Norway

Finland

AT Austria
DK Denmark
FI
GB United Kingdom
PT Portugal
SE Sweden

A6 EEA (European Economic Area) - 18 countries + 3 entities

A3 BLEU
AT Austria
DE Germany
DK Denmark
ES Spain
Finland
FI
FR France
GB United Kingdom
GR Greece
Ireland
IE
Iceland
IS
Italy
IT
LI
Liechtenstein
NL Netherlands
NO Norway
PT Portugal
SE Sweden
4A European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)
4F European Central Bank (ECB)
Intra-EU-15 not allocated
Z6

1960
1970
1992
1960

1960-1994
1960-1972
1986-1994
1960-1972
1960-1985
1960-1994

1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994

A8 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development) -30 countries + 3 entities

AT  Austria
AU  Australia
A3  BLEU
CA  Canada
CH  Switzerland
CZ  Czech Republic
DE  Germany
DK  Denmark
ES  Spain
FI
 Finland
FR  France
GB  United Kingdom
GR  Greece
HU  Hungary
IE
IS
IT
JP  Japan
KR  Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
MX  Mexico
NL  Netherlands
NO  Norway
NZ  New Zealand

 Ireland
 Iceland
 Italy

1961
1971
1961
1961
1961
1996
1961
1961
1961
1969
1961
1961
1961
1996
1961
1961
1961
1964
1997
1994
1961
1961
1973

- 21

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

 Poland

PL
PT  Portugal
SE  Sweden
SK Slovakia
TR  Turkey
US  United States
4A  European Union Institutions (excluding ECB)
4F  European Central Bank (ECB)
 Intra-EU-15 not allocated
Z6

A9 Countries from Central and Eastern Europe - 15 countries -

AL Albania
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina
BG Bulgaria
CZ Czech Republic
EE Estonia
HR Croatia
HU Hungary
LT Lithuania
LV Latvia
MK Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
PL Poland
RO Romania
SI
Slovenia
SK Slovakia
YU Yugoslavia

B1 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association) - 3 countries -

CA Canada
MX Mexico
US United States

B2 Latin America - 18 countries -

AR Argentina
BO Bolivia
BR Brazil
CL Chile
CO Colombia
CR Costa Rica
CU Cuba
EC Ecuador
GT Guatemala
HN Honduras
MX Mexico
NI Nicaragua
PA Panama
PE Peru
PY Paraguay
SV El Salvador
UY Uruguay
VE Venezuela

B3 ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) - 10 countries -

BN  Brunei Darussalam
ID  Indonesia
KH  Cambodia (Kampuchea)
LA  Lao People's Democratic Republic
MM  Myanmar
MY  Malaysia
PH  Philippines
SG  Singapore
TH  Thailand
VN  Viet Nam

- 22 -

1997
1961
1961
2001
1961
1961

1994
1994
1994

1984
1967
1999
1997
1997
1967
1967
1967
1967
1995

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

B4 OPEC (Organisation  of  Petroleum Exporting countries) - 11 countries -

AE  United Arab Emirates
DZ  Algeria
ID  Indonesia
IQ  Iraq
IR  Iran, Islamic Republic of
KW  Kuwait
LY  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
NG  Nigeria
QA  Qatar
SA  Saudi Arabia
VE  Venezuela

EC Ecuador
GA  Gabon

1969
1962
1960
1960
1960
1962
1971
1961
1960
1960

1973-1992
1975-1994

B5

ACP (African, Caribbean and  Pacific countries signatories to the Partnership Agreement
77 countries (48  African  15 Caribbean  8 Pacific countries)

B6 African ACP countries - 48 countries -

 Côte d'Ivoire

AO  Angola
BF  Burkina Faso
 Burundi
BI
 Benin
BJ
BW  Botswana
CD Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
CF  Central African Republic
CG  Congo
CI
CM  Cameroon
CV  Cape Verde
DJ
 Djibouti
ER  Eritrea
ET  Ethiopia
GA  Gabon
GH  Ghana
GM  Gambia
GN  Guinea
GQ  Equatorial Guinea
GW  Guinea-Bissau
KE  Kenya
KM  Comoros
LR  Liberia
LS  Lesotho
MG  Madagascar
ML  Mali
MR  Mauritania
MU  Mauritius
MW  Malawi
MZ  Mozambique
NA  Namibia
NE  Niger
NG  Nigeria
RW  Rwanda
SC  Seychelles
SD  Sudan
SL  Sierra Leone
SN  Senegal
SO  Somalia
ST  Sâo Tome and Principe
SZ  Swaziland
TD  Chad
TG  Togo
TZ  Tanzania, United Republic of

- 23

1985
1963
1963
1963
1975
1963
1963
1963
1963
1963
1979
1979
1996
1975
1963
1975
1975
1975
1990
1975
1969
1979
1975
1975
1963
1963
1963
1975
1975
1984
1996
1963
1975
1969
1979
1975
1975
1963
1963
1979
1975
1963
1963
1969

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

UG  Uganda
ZA South Africa
ZM  Zambia
ZW  Zimbabwe

B7 Caribbean ACP countries - 15 countries -
AG  Antigua and Barbuda
BB  Barbados
BS  Bahamas
BZ  Belize
DM  Dominica
DO  Dominican Republic
GD  Grenada
GY  Guyana
HT  Haiti
JM  Jamaica
KN  St Kitts  and  Nevis
LC  Saint Lucia
SR  Suriname
TT  Trinidad and Tobago
VC  St Vincent and the Grenadines

B8 Pacific ACP countries - 14 countries -

 Fiji

 Kiribati

CK Cook Islands
FJ
FM Micronesia, Federated States of
KI
MH Marshall Islands
NR Nauru
NU Niue
PG  Papua New Guinea
PW Palau
SB  Solomon Islands
TO  Tonga
TV  Tuvalu
VU  Vanuatu
WS  Samoa

1969
1998
1975
1984

1984
1975
1975
1984
1979
1984
1975
1975
1990
1975
1984
1979
1979
1975
1984

2000
1975
2000
1979
2000
2000
2000
1979
2000
1979
1975
1979
1984
1975

B9 NICs1 (the Core Newly Industrialising Countries) - 4 countries -

HK  Hong Kong
KR  Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
SG  Singapore
TW  Taiwan, Province of China

C1 NICs2A (Asian NICs of the second wave of industrialisation) - 3 countries -

MY Malaysia
PH Philippines
TH Thailand

C2 NICs2LA (Latin American NICs of the second wave of industrialisation) - 4 countries -

AR Argentina
BR Brazil
CL Chile
MX Mexico

C3 Mediterranean Basin - 20 countries -

 Albania

AL
BA  Bosnia and Herzegovina
CY  Cyprus
DZ  Algeria
EG  Egypt
GI
HR  Croatia

 Gibraltar

- 24 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

 Israel

IL
JO  Jordan
LB  Lebanon
LY  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
MA  Morocco
MK Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
MT  Malta
PS  Palestinian Territory, Occupied
SI
SY  Syrian Arab Republic
TN  Tunisia
TR  Turkey
YU  Yugoslavia

 Slovenia

C4 Offshore financial centres - 31 countries -

Anguilla

AG Antigua and Barbuda
AI
AN  Netherlands Antilles
BB  Barbados
BH  Bahrain
BM  Bermuda
BS  Bahamas
BZ Belize
CK Cook Islands
DM Dominica
GD Grenada
HK  Hong Kong
JM  Jamaica
KN  St Kitts and Nevis
KY  Cayman Islands
LB  Lebanon
LC  Saint Lucia
LR  Liberia
MH Marshall Islands
MS  Montserrat
MV Maldives
NR Nauru
NU Niue
PA  Panama
SG  Singapore
TC Turks and Caicos Islands
VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
VG Virgin Islands, British 
VI
VU  Vanuatu
WS  Samoa

Virgin Islands, U.S.

C5 French Franc zone - 14 countries -

BF Burkina Faso
BJ Benin
CF Central African Republic
CG Congo
CI Côte d'Ivoire
CM Cameroon
GA Gabon
GQ Equatorial Guinea
GW  Guinea-Bissau
KM Comoros
ML Mali
NE Niger
SN Senegal
TD Chad
TG Togo

1946
1946
1946
1946
1946
1946
1946
1946
1997
1946
1946
1946
1946
1946
1946

- 25

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

C6 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - 12 countries -

1992
1992
1992
1994
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992

AM Armenia
AZ Azerbaijan
BY Belarus
GE Georgia
KG Kyrgyzstan
KZ Kazakstan
MD Moldova, Republic of
RU Russian Federation
Tajikistan
TJ
TM Turkmenistan
UA Ukraine
UZ Uzbekistan

C7 Countries from Maghreb -3 countries -

DZ Algeria
MA Morocco
TN Tunisia

C8 Countries from Mashrek - 5 countries -

EG  Egypt
JO  Jordan
LB  Lebanon
PS  Palestinian Territory, Occupied
SY  Syrian Arab Republic

C9 MERCOSUR (Countries of the South Cone Common Market) - 4 countries -

AR Argentina
BR Brazil
PY Paraguay
UY Uruguay

D1 APEC  (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) - 21 countries -

Indonesia

AU Australia
BN Brunei  Darussalam
CA Canada
CL Chile
CN China
HK Hong Kong
ID
JP Japan
KR Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
MX Mexico
MY Malaysia
NZ New Zealand
PE Peru
PG Papua New Guinea
PH Philippines
RU Russian Federation
SG Singapore
TH Thailand
TW Taiwan, Province of China
US United States
VN Viet Nam

D6 Candidate Countries (CCs) - 13 countries -

BG Bulgaria
CY Cyprus
CZ Czech Republic
EE Estonia
HU Hungary
LT
Lithuania
LV Latvia

- 26 -

1991
1991
1991
1991

1989
1989
1989
1995
1992
1992
1989
1989
1989
1994
1989
1989
1999
1994
1989
1999
1989
1989
1992
1989
1999

1991
1996
1996
1994
1996
1996

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

 Malta
Poland

MT
PL
RO Romania
SI
Slovenia
SK Slovakia
TR Turkey

1991
1994
1995
1996
1995
1987

D7 Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership - 12 countries -

CY Cyprus
DZ
Algeria
EG  Egypt
IL
 Israel
JO  Jordan
 Lebanon
LB
MA Morocco
MT
PS  Palestinian Territory, Occupied
SY  Syrian Arab Republic
TN Tunisia
TR Turkey

 Malta

W2 Intra-euro-zone not allocated (N1 up to end 2000 and N2 from 2001 onwards)

N1
N2

Intra-Euro 11 not allocated
Intra-Euro 12 not allocated

W4 Extra-euro-zone not allocated (O1 up to end 2000 and O2 from 2001 onwards)

O1 Extra-Euro 11 not allocated
O2 Extra-Euro 12 not allocated

Z1 World not allocated (EU-15)

Z3 World not allocated (euro-zone) (P1 up to end 2000 and P2 from 2001 onwards)

P1 World not allocated (Euro 11)
P2 World not allocated (Euro 12)

Z6

Intra-EU-15 not allocated

Z8 Extra-EU-15 not allocated

Z9 Rest of the World (World - Country or Entity)

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

4.2. Geographic zones

A1 WORLD

 E1 EUROPE (49 countries)

 D2 EU-15 - see economic zones - (15 countries + 3 entities)
 A5 EFTA - see economic zones - (4 countries)
 E2 Other European countries (30 countries)

Gibraltar

 AD Andorra
Albania
 AL
 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina
 BG Bulgaria
 BY Belarus
 CY Cyprus
 CZ Czech Republic
 FO Faroe Islands
 GG Guernsey (No official ISO 3166-1 country code, exceptionally reserved alpha-2 code element)
 GI
 HR Croatia
 HU Hungary
 IM Isle of Man (No official ISO 3166-1 country code, exceptionally reserved alpha-2 code element)
 JE
Jersey (No official ISO 3166-1 country code, exceptionally reserved alpha-2 code element)
 MD Moldova, Republic of
 MK  Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
 MT Malta
 PL
 RO Romania
 RU Russian Federation
 SI
Slovenia
 SK Slovakia
 SM San Marino
 TR Turkey
 UA Ukraine
 VA Holy See (Vatican City State)
 YU Yugoslavia
 E3 Baltic countries
 EE Estonia
 LT Lithuania
 LV Latvia

Includes Gozo and Comino

Poland

 E4 AFRICA (55 countries)

 E5 North Africa (5 countries)

 DZ Algeria
 EG Egypt
 LY
 MA Morocco
 TN Tunisia

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

 E6 Other African countries (50 countries)

Includes Occidental Sahara

Includes Cabinda

Côte d'Ivoire

Burkina Faso
Burundi
Benin

 AO Angola
 BF
 BI
 BJ
 BW Botswana
 CD Congo, the Democratic Republic of the 
 CF Central African Republic
 CG Congo
 CI
 CM Cameroon
 CV Cape Verde
 DJ Djibouti
 ER Eritrea
 ET
 GA Gabon
 GH Ghana
 GM Gambia
 GN Guinea
 GQ Equatorial Guinea
 GW Guinea-Bissau

Ethiopia

- 28 -

  
 
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

 IO British Indian Ocean Territory
 KE Kenya
 KM Comoros
 LR Liberia
 LS
Lesotho
 MG Madagascar
 ML Mali
 MR Mauritania
 MU Mauritius

Includes Chagos Archipelago

Includes Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli

Includes Rodrigues Island, Agalega Islands and
Cargados Carajos Shoals (St Brandon Islands)

 MW Malawi
 MZ Mozambique
 NA Namibia
 NE Niger
 NG Nigeria
 RW Rwanda
 SC Seychelles

 SD Sudan
 SH St Helena

Sierra Leone

 SL
 SN Senegal
 SO Somalia
 ST Sao Tome and Principe
 SZ Swaziland
 TD Chad
 TG Togo
 TZ
 UG Uganda
 ZA South Africa
 ZM Zambia
 ZW Zimbabwe

Tanzania, United Republic of

Islet,

Cosmoledo

Includes Alphonse, Bijoutier, St François Islands, St
Amirantes,
Pierre
and Desroches,
Providence, Aldabra, Farquhar
La Digue),
Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin (including
Frégate, Mamelles and Récifs, Bird and Denis, Plate
and Coëtivy

Islands,

Includes Ascension, Gough Island, Inaccessible,
Nightingale  Islands and Tristan da Cunha Islands

Includes Tanganyika, Zanzibar Island and Pemba

 E7 AMERICA (46 countries)

 E8 North American countries (3 countries)

 CA Canada
 GL Greenland
 US United States

 E9 Central American countries (30 countries)
 AG Antigua and Barbuda
 AI
 AN Netherlands Antilles

Anguilla

Includes Puerto Rico (PR) and Navassa

Includes Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St. Eustatius and
Southern part of St. Martin

 AW Aruba
 BB Barbados
 BM Bermuda
 BS Bahamas
 BZ Belize
 CR Costa Rica
 CU Cuba
 DM Dominica
 DO Dominican Republic
 GD Grenada
 GT Guatemala
 HN Honduras
 HT Haiti
 JM Jamaica
 KN St Kitts and Nevis
 KY Cayman Islands

Includes Southern Grenadines Islands

Includes Swan Islands

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Nicaragua

 LC Saint Lucia
 MS Montserrat
 MX Mexico
 NI
 PA Panama
 SV El Salvador
 TC Turks and Caicos Islands
 TT Trinidad and Tobago
 VC St Vincent and the Grenadines
 VG Virgin Islands, British
 VI

Virgin Islands, U.S.

 F1 South American countries (13 countries)

 AR Argentina
 BO Bolivia
 BR Brazil
 CL Chile
 CO Colombia
 EC Ecuador
 FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
 GY Guyana
 PE Peru
 PY Paraguay
 SR Suriname
 UY Uruguay
 VE Venezuela

Includes Corn Islands
Includes former Canal  zone

Includes Northern Grenadines Islands

Includes Galapagos Islands

 F2 ASIA (48 countries)

 F3 Near and Middle East countries (17 countries)

Israel

 IL
 IR Iran, Islamic Republic of
 F4 Gulf Arabian countries (8 countries)

 AE United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain,
Ras al Khaimah and Fujairah

 BH Bahrain
 IQ Iraq
 KW Kuwait
 OM Oman
 QA Qatar
 SA Saudi Arabia
 YE Yemen

Includes Kuria Muria Islands

Includes North Yemen and South Yemen, Perim,
Kamaran, Socotra and associated Islands

 F5 Other Near and Middle East countries (7 countries)

 AM Armenia
 AZ Azerbaijan
 GE Georgia
 JO Jordan
 LB Lebanon
 PS Palestinian Territory, Occupied
 SY Syrian Arab Republic

 F6 Other Asian countries (31 countries)

 AF Afghanistan
 BD Bangladesh
 BN Brunei Darussalam
 BT Bhutan
 CN China
 HK Hong Kong
 ID Indonesia
 IN India

Includes East Timor
Includes Amindivi Island, Laccadive Island, Minicoy
Island, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands and Sikkim

 JP Japan
 KG Kyrgyzstan
 KH Cambodia (Kampuchea)
 KP Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea)
 KR Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
 KZ Kazakstan

- 30 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

 LA Lao People's Democratic Republic
 LK Sri Lanka
MM Myanmar
 MN Mongolia
 MO Macau
 MV Maldives
 MY Malaysia

 NP Nepal
 PH Philippines
 PK Pakistan
 SG Singapore
 TH Thailand
 TJ
Tajikistan
 TM Turkmenistan
 TW Taiwan, Province of China

 UZ Uzbekistan
 VN Viet Nam

 F7  OCEANIA AND POLAR REGIONS  (33 countries)

 AU Australia
 FJ Fiji
 FM Micronesia, Federated States of

 KI Kiribati
 MH Marshall Islands
 MP Northern Mariana Islands
 NC New Caledonia
 NR Nauru
 NZ New Zealand

 PF French Polynesia

 PG Papua New Guinea

Includes Peninsular Malaysia and Eastern Malaysia
(Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan)

Includes Separate customs territory of Taiwan,
Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu

Caroline Islands except Palau, includes Yap, Chuuk,
Pohnpei, Kosrae

Includes Mariana Islands except Guam
Includes Loyalty Islands (Maré, Lifou and Ouvéa)

Includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty
Islands, Campbell
Islands,
Chatham Islands and Snares Islands. Excluding Ross
Dependency (Antartica)

Island, Kermadec

Includes Marquesas Islands, Society Islands
(including Tahiti), Tuamotu Isalnds, Gambier Islands
and Austral Islands. Also Clipperton Island.
Includes
Louisiade
Archipelago, Admiralty Islands, Northern Solomon
Islands (Bougainville, Buka, Green), d'Entrecasteaux
Islands, Lavongai, Trobriand Islands, New Britain,
New Ireland, Woodlark and associated Islands

Archipelago,

Bismarck

 PN Pitcairn
 PW Palau
 SB Solomon Islands

Includes Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands

Includes Southern Solomon Islands, primarily
Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Santa Isabel,

 TO Tonga
 TV Tuvalu
 VU Vanuatu
 WF Wallis and Futuna
 WS Samoa
 F8 Australian Oceania (4 countries)

 CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 CX Christmas Island
 HM Heard Island and McDonald Islands
 NF Norfolk Island

 F9 American Oceania (3 countries)

 AS American Samoa
 GU Guam
 UM US Minor Outlying Islands

 G1 New Zealand Oceania (3 countries)

 CK Cook Islands
 NU Niue
 TK Tokelau

Includes Alofi Island

Baker,  Howland, and Jarvis Islands, Johnston Atoll,
Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll and
Wake Island

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

 G2 Polar regions (4 countries)

 AQ Antarctica

 BV Bouvet Island
 GS South Georgia  and the South Sandwich Islands
 TF

French Southern Territories

Includes Kerguélen, Amsterdam and Saint Paul
Islands, Crozet Archipelago

Z5 WORLD NOT ALLOCATED GEOGRAPHICALLY

- 32 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

4.3. Integrity rules for BOP geonomenclature

Minimal check requirements: The sum of the components must be equal to the aggregate and

consistency between geographic zones and economic zones must be
respected. These rules have to be applied on credits and debits.

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A1

A3

A5

A8

A8

A9

B1

B2

B2

B2

B3

B3

B4

B5

B6

B9

C1

C2

C3

C3

C3

C4

C6

C7

C8

C9

D2

D4

D6

D7

D7

E2

E2

E2

E3

= D2 + A5 + E2 + E4 + E7 + F2 + F7 + 7Z + Z8 + Z1

= E1 + E4 + E7 + F2 + F7 + 7Z + Z5

= A2 + A4 + Z0

= D2 + D4 + Z1

= U2 + U4 + Z3

=

I2 + J2 + P2

= BE + LU

= CH + IS + LI + NO

= AT + AU + A3 + CA + CH + CZ + DE + DK + ES + FI + FR + GB + GR + HU + IE + IS + IT + JP + KR +

MX + NL + NO + NZ + PL + PT + SE + SK + TR + US + Z6 + 4A + 4F

= D2 + A5 + AU + B1 + CZ + HU + JP + KR + NZ + PL + SK + TR - LI

> AL + BG + CZ + E3 + HR + HU + PL + RO + SI + SK + YU

= CA + MX + US

> AR + BR + CL + CO + MX + UY + VE

> C9 + CL+ CO + MX + VE

> C2 + CO + UY + VE

>

ID + MY + PH + SG + TH

> C1 + ID + SG

>

ID + IR + VE

= B6 + B7 + B8

>

ZA

= HK + KR + SG + TW

= MY + PH + TH

= AR +  BR + CL + MX

> AL + EG + HR + IL + MA + SI + TR + YU

> AL + C7 + C8 + HR + IL + SI + TR + YU

> AL + E5 + HR + IL + SI + TR + YU

> HK + SG

> BY + RU + UA

> MA

> EG

= AR + BR + UY

= A3 + DK + DE + GR + ES + FR + IE + IT + NL +  AT + PT +  FI + SE + GB + Z6 + 4A + 4F

= A5 + E2 + E4 + E7 + F2 + F7 + 7Z + Z8

> BG + CZ + EE + HU + LV + LT  + PL + RO + SK + SI + TR

> CY + EG + IL + MA + MT+ TR

= CY + MT + IL + TR + C7 + C8

> AL + BG + BY + CZ + E3+ HR + HU + PL + RO + RU + SI + SK + TR + UA + YU

> A9  + BY + RU + TR + UA

> D6 + AL + BY + HR + RU + UA + YU

= EE + LT + LV

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

E4

E5

E5

E6

E6

E7

E7

E7

E8

E9

F1

F1

F2

F3

F6

F6

F6

F7

F7

= E5 + E6

> EG + MA

> C7 + EG

> B6

> C5 + ZA

= E8 + E9 + F1

> B2 + B7 + CA + US

> B7 + C2 + E8 + CO + VE + UY

> CA + US

> MX

> AR + BR + CL + CO + UY + VE

> C9 + CL + CO  + VE

=

=

F3 + F6

IL + IR + F4 + F5

> CN + HK + ID + IN + JP + KR + MY + PH + SG + TH + TW

> B3 + CN + HK + IN + JP + KR + TW

> B9 + C1 + CN + ID + IN + JP

> AU + NZ

> AU + B8 + NZ

U2

    = A3 + DE + ES + FR + IE + IT + NL +  AT + PT +  FI + W2 + 4F (until end 2000)

A3 + DE + GR + ES + FR + IE + IT + NL +  AT + PT +  FI + W2 + 4F (from 2001 onwards)

U3

=

DK + GR + SE + GB (until end 2000)

DK + SE + GB (from 2001 onwards)

U4

= DK + GR + SE + GB + A5 + E2 + E4 + E7 + F2 + F7 + W4 + 4A + 7Z (until end 2000)

DK + SE + GB + A5 + E2 + E4 + E7 + F2 + F7 + W4 + 4A + 7Z (from 2001 onwards)

I2

J2

= A3 + DE + GR + ES + FR + IE + IT + NL +  AT + PT +  FI + N2 + 4F

= DK + GB + SE + A5 + E2 + E4 + E7 + F2 +  F7 + O2 +  4A + 7Z

- 34 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

5.

Production process

STEP 1: Data receiving process

Member State

data submission

OK

 yes

no

 Solve problems with

the Member States

STEP 2: Checking process of the input data

Checking reports of the

input data

Contacts with the

Member States

to discuss

problems found

If necessary

MS resend the data

STEP 3: Harmonisation, correction and estimation process

Harmonisations

Corrections

Estimations

Checking harmonised

 data

no

OK

yes

STEP 4: Preparing the reports for data validation

Sending data with

explanations of the

changes carried out

to MS for approval

Not

Approved

STEP 5: Final data on CD-ROM

Calculation of

Final country tables

EU/euro-zone aggregates

(excluding invalidated

estimates)

Checking output data

Checking output data

FINAL RELEASE ON CD-ROM

- 35

- 37 -

COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1. General description of main corrections and estimations

Corrections and estimates can be classified by the following types and sub-types:

ä Corrections/estimates using data from the same Member State

- with direct data

- with weighted structure

ä Corrections/estimates using data from other Member States

- with direct data

- with weighted structure

Note: Corrections and estimates are performed on Member State original data in national currency.

Corrections/estimates using data from the same Member State.

1.1.1

Estimating / correcting with direct data

* Estimating / correcting the net flows using the difference between credit and debit flows.

* Estimating / correcting flows for an aggregated item using the sum of individual given items.

* Estimating / correcting flows for an aggregated partner zone using flows of other(s) partner

zone(s).

* Correcting the flows of Merchanting: putting in net the available gross flows.

* Estimating / correcting flows for an individual item using the difference between flows of two

other aggregated items.

* Estimating  /  correcting  flows  for  a  partner  zone  using  the  difference  between  flows  of  two

other aggregated partner zones.

* Estimating  /  correcting  the  flows  of  the  “Financial  account”  using  estimated  /  non-corrected
flows of the “Financial account”, correct flows of the “Goods, services and income” account
and the original flows of the “Goods, services and income” account for a proxy partner zone.

* Correcting Net errors and omissions (998 = - 993 - 996)

* Correcting  the  flows  of  Insurance  services:  putting  in  net  the  available  gross  flows  by

applying to gross flows known coefficients that represent the service component;
Recording  the  remaining  part  of  gross  insurance  flows  under  the  corresponding  flows  of
Private current transfers.

* Correcting  the  flows  of  Insurance  services:  putting  in  net  the  available  gross  flows  by

deducting from gross flows, Gross claims received and Gross claims paid;
Recording  the  remaining  part  of  gross  insurance  flows  under  the  corresponding  flows  of
Private current transfers.

1.1.2. Estimating / correcting with weighted structure

* Estimating  /  correcting  flows  for  a  given  partner  zone  and  a  given  year  using  an  average

proportion involving another partner zone and other years.

* Estimating / correcting flows for a given item and a given year using an average  proportion

involving another item, and other years.

* Estimating  /  correcting  flows  for  a  given  item  and  a  given  partner  zone  using  a  proportion

involving another item and another partner zone.

* 

Estimating / correcting flows for a given item using a proportion involving two other items.

- 39 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Corrections / estimates using data from other Member States

1.2.1. Estimating / correcting with direct data

* Estimating / correcting flows for partner zone intra-EU using available bilateral flows of main

EU partners.

1.2.2. Estimating / correcting with weighted structure

* Estimating / correcting flows for a given item and  a given year using an average  proportion

involving a mixed item, other EU Member States and several years.

* Estimating / correcting flows for partner zone extra-EU using an average proportion involving

partner intra-EU, partner (intra-EU + extra-EU) and other EU Member States.

* Estimating  /  correcting  flows  for  a  given  partner  zone  and  a  given  year  using  an  average
proportion involving another partner zone, other EU Member States and another year.

- 40 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

2. Description  of  corrections  and  estimates  for  each  Member  State,
EU, euro-zone, Norway, the USA and Japan and table of percentage
of intervention.

Note:  The  reports  present  country  by  country  the  estimations  carried  out  for
the  purpose  of  the  ITS  and  GBR  publications.  Please  note  that  estimations
marked  by  a  n  have  been  used  to  calculate  the  European  Union  /  euro-zone
aggregates only and are not printed in the country tables.

Moreover, no results with partners extra and intra-euro-zone were published in
the  country  tables,  and  the  results  concerning  the  euro-zone  show  the
breakdown of services only.

- 41 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Evolution of the percentage of intervention along the years

Compilation guide
January 2003
2001 production

Compilation guide
December 2001
2000 production

Compilation guide
December 2000
1999 production

Compilation guide
December 1999
1998 production

% ITS

% GBR % ITS

% GBR % ITS

% GBR

% ITS

% GBR

BLEU

DENMARK

GERMANY

GREECE

SPAIN

FRANCE

IRELAND

ITALY

NETHERLANDS

AUSTRIA

PORTUGAL

FINLAND

SWEDEN

UNITED KINGDOM

EU AVERAGE

13%

25%

5%

11%

0%

32%

36%

0%

16%

2%

2%

4%

7%

7%

11%

1%

33%

12%

4%

2%

6%

84%

2%

2%

4%

0%

5%

30%

19%

15%

5%

38%

5%

13%

0%

25%

35%

0%

16%

2%

2%

7%

7%

10%

12%

0%

45%

13%

2%

0%

0%

83%

0%

0%

4%

0%

11%

31%

27%

15%

4%

38%

11%

89%

1%

9%

38%

0%

16%

2%

4%

24%

4%

31%

19%

0%

6%

9%

97%

1%

0%

83%

0%

0%

4%

2%

4%

0%

48%

18%

14%

89%

11%

90%

1%

12%

95%

19%

16%

3%

7%

42%

84%

7%

35%

Evolution of the percentages of intervention along years - ITS

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

BLEU

DK

DE

EL

ES

FR

IE

IT

NL

AT

PT

FI

SE

UK

Evolution of the percentages of intervention along years - GBR

BLEU

DK

DE

EL

ES

FR

IE

IT

NL

AT

PT

FI

SE

UK

- 42 -

1%

98%

9%

98%

2%

0%

99%

26%

0%

5%

1%

22%

98%

47%

36%

1998

1999

2000

2001

1998

1999

2000

2001

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Calculation of the EU/euro-zone aggregates

The  estimates  for  the  EU-15  and  EU-12  balance  of  payments  correspond  to  the  sum  of  the  fifteen
(respectively of the twelve) Member States. The balance of payments of the European Union Institutions is
added to the European Union aggregate.

X

b
n

/

partner

=

X

a
/
n

partner

a

MS

where X Î

 {all items}

b  Î

 {D2, A2}

MS = {A3, DK, DE, GR, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, AT, PT, FI, SE, UK, 4A, 4F} for b

 = {D2}

MS = {A3, DK, DE, GR, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, PT, UK, 4A} for b  = {A2}

n Î

n Î

 {all years} for b  = {D2}

 {all years until 1995} for b  = {A2}

As  regards  the  euro-zone,  Eurostat  published  only  the  breakdown  of  trade  in  services.  The  balance  of
payments  of  the  euro-zone  is  compiled  as  the  sum  of  harmonised  balance  of  payments  accounts  of  the
twelve  concerned  Member  States  (eleven  up  to  2000).  The  European  Union  Institutions  are  regarded  as
supranational  and  international  organisations  in  relation  to  the  euro-zone,  i.e.  they  are  treated  as  non-
residents of the euro-zone.

X

U
n

2
/
partner

=

X

a
/
n

partner

a

MS

where X Î

 {all services items}

MS = {A3, DE, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, AT, PT, FI, 4F} until 2000 ;

MS = {A3, DE, GR, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, AT, PT, FI, 4F} from 2001 onwards ;

n Î

 {1992 to 2001}

- Implementation of principle of consignment

In order to conform with the internationally agreed methodology, the EU Member States were requested to
change the geographical allocation of intra-EU/euro-zone imports of goods from country of origin to country
of consignment.

Regarding  the  calculation  of  the  EU/euro-zone  aggregates,  the  principle  of  consignment  has  been
implemented from 1997 onwards.

At country level, the period for implementing the principle of consignment differs from one Member State to
another (see the description of the estimations for each Member State).

- 43 -

å
Î
å
Î
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Belgium and

Luxembourg

National data provider:

Banque  Nationale  de  Belgique  (BNB)  -  Banque  Centrale  du  Luxembourg,  Service  Central  de  la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (STATEC)

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, settlements closed system

Main sources: Banks (BRS)

Firms and individuals: General direct reporting (DDG)

Holders of accounts abroad & international netting (DDP)

National publication:

Bulletin de la Banque Nationale de Belgique, Banque Nationale de Belgique, quarterly

Member State contact:

Mr De Boeck, Mr D’Havé

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

1999 - 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

1999-01:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

1999-01:

13%

1%

At the request of BLEU, data from 1985-1990 originally sent by BLEU has not been published by Eurostat.
However this historical data has been converted by Eurostat from BPM4 to BPM5 in order to calculate the
EU aggregate.

The data concerning the years 1991 to 1998 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International  Trade  in  Services:  EU,  1991-00”  and  “Geographical  Breakdown  of  the  Current  Account:  EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

- 44 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1999 - 2001 Data

n 250 - Construction abroad;
n 251 - Construction in the compiling economy:

These  missing  items  are  the  sub-items  of construction  services  (249).  Eurostat  estimated  them  by
applying  the  average  structure  of  construction  services  as  given  by  7  other  Member  States  for
partner World (A1).

X

A
3
n
partner
/

=

249

A
3
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

X
249

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

÷
÷

where X Î

 {250, 251}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

MS = {DE, GR, ES, IT, NL, AT, PT}

n 339 - Portfolio investment income:

This sub-item of Investment income (320) was provided with partner World only. Eurostat estimated
it for the other ITS partners (except Canada and USA) by applying the size  of  Portfolio  investment
income in the aggregate Investment income as given for partner World (A1).

339

A
n

3
/

partner

=

320

A
n

3
/

partner

339
320

A
3
An
1/
3
A
An
1/

÷
÷

where

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {D2, D4, U2, U4}

OECD countries (A8)

Partner Slovakia (SK) has been considered as part of the OECD, while it became an OECD member
only in 2001.

Eurostat subtracted this partner from the definition of the OECD partner zone, for the period 1999 to
2000.

Corrected
3
A
An
8/

X

=

X

Original
3
A
An
8/

X

3
A
SKn
/

where

n Î

 {1999, 2000}

X Î

 {all GBR posts}

Intra and extra-Euro-zone (U2 and U4)

Partner  Greece  (GR)  has  been  considered  as  part  of  the  Euro-zone,  while  it  became  a  Euro-zone
member only in 2001.

Eurostat subtracted this partner from the definition of the Euro-zone, and added it to the extra-Euro-
zone, for the years 1999 and 2000.

- 45 -

ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
Î
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
-
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Corrected
3
A
Un
/

2

X

=

X

Original
A
3
Un
/

2

X

A
3
n
GR
/

Corrected
3
A
Un
/

4

X

=

X

Original
A
3
Un
/

4

+

X

A
3
n
GR
/

where

n Î

 {1999, 2000}

X Î

 {all ITS posts}

- 46 -

  
-
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for BLEU

Period 1999 - 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
3
1320

GBR
23
51
3
3519

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

13%
1%

Item

Years

Items Partners

3
3
2

2
1
55

8
4
1

250, 251
339
Euro-zone
OECD
TOTAL

Total 
ITS
48
12
110

170

Years

Items Partners

2

23

1

Total 
GBR

46
46

14%
1%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

13%
1%

5%
0%

4%
0%

- 47 -

 
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Denmark

National data provider:
Danmark Statistik

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements closed system

Main sources: Accounts abroad, customs

National publication:

Monetary review, Denmark’s Nationalbank, monthly

Member State contact:

Mr. Poul Uffe Dam (Danmark Statistik)

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

1999-2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15

1999:
2000:
2001:
1999:
2000:
2001:

25%
23%
25%
29%
 25%
33%

The data concerning the years 1990 to 1998 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services EU, 1991-00 Compilation guide”, December 2001.

- 48 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1999 to 2001 Data

n 263 - Computer services;
n 264 - Information services:
These  two  items  were  missing  in  the  breakdown  of  computer  and  information  services  (262).  Eurostat
estimated these items by using their average share in the aggregate computer and information services as
provided by seven other reporters for partner World.

X

262

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

X

DK
n
/

partner

=

262

DK
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

where X Î

 {263, 264}

n Î {1999, 2000, 2001}

MS = {A3, GR, ES, IT, AT, PT, GB}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, CA, US, JP}

n 273 - Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services:
n 310 - Compensation of employees:
Proper offsetting adjustments were implemented by Eurostat to items miscellaneous  business,  professional
and  technical  services  (273)  and  compensation  of  employees  (310)  in  order  to  take  into  account  the
provision  of  memo-data  by  Denmark  for  construction  services  (249)  and  its  breakdown  (i.e.  construction
abroad  -  250  -  and  construction  in  the  compiling  economy  -  251)  that  was  included  in  these  items.  The
offsetting  adjustments  have  been  made  according  to  the  share  observed  for  each  of  these  two  items,  as
originally provided by Denmark, in the total amount (273+310) for partner World and by applying this share to
item 249. This amount was then subtracted to the original 273 and 310 items. The following formula describe
the procedure:

X

DK
/
n

partner

=

X

DK
/
n

partner

249

DK
/
n

partner

X

273

DK
1/
An

DK
1/
An
+
310

DK
1/
An

where

n Î {1999, 2000, 2001}

X Î

 {273, 310}

partner Î

 {all GBR partners}

Afterwards, items other business services (268), other services (981), services (200) and income (300) were
corrected accordingly as they include the two modified sub-items.

n 274 - Legal, accounting, management, consulting and public relations services;
n 278 - Advertising, market research and public opinion polling services;
n 279 - Research and development services;
n 280 - Architectural, engineering and other technical services;
n 281 - Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services;
n 284 - Other – Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services;
n 285 - Services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e.:

The breakdown of item miscellaneous business, professional and technical services (273) was estimated by
Eurostat  on  the  basis  of  the  average  share  for  each  sub-item  in  the  aggregate  miscellaneous  business,
professional and technical services as provided by seven other Member States for partner World.

- 49 -

ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ï
þ
ï
ý
ü
ï
î
ï
í
ì
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
-
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

X

DK
n
/

partner

=

273

DK
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

X
273

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

where X Î

 {274, 278, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285}

MS = {A3, DE, ES, IT, AT, PT, GB}

n Î {1999, 2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, CA, US, JP}

Geographical breakdown:

ACP countries (B5)
For  the  years  2000  and  2001  this  economic  zone  was  not  equal  to  the  sum  of  its  components;  therefore,
Eurostat corrected this partner zone as the sum of the countries and areas that make it up.

X

DK
Bn

5/

å=

X

DK
/
n

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {B6, B7, B8}

n International Organisations excluding European Union Institutions (7Z)

Denmark  did  not  provide  this  partner.  Eurostat  estimated  Danish  transactions  with  the  international
organizations  by  applying  the  average  share  of  international  organizations  in  the  extra-EU-15  (D4)  as
provided by ten other Member States.

X

DK
n
7/

Z

=

X

DK
Dn
/

4

average
MS
1

a

where  X Î

 {all GBR items}

7/

a
993
n
a
993
Dn
/

Z

4

MS1 = {A3, DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT, GB}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

nExtra-EU-15 not allocated (Z8)

The not allocated flows provided for extra-EU-15 (Z8) were reallocated to the extra-EU-15 partners according
to their share in the total of partner areas that integrate extra-EU-15 (D4).

X

DK
/
n

partner

=

X

DK
/
n

partner

+

X

DK
Zn

8/

993

DK
n
/
993

partner

DK
/
Dn

4

where X Î

 {214, 268, 310, 320, 379} with n Î

 {1999, 2001}

X Î

 {249, 310, 320} with n Î

 {2000}

partner Î

 {all extra-EU partners}

- 50 -

  
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
ú
û
ù
ê
ê
ë
é
´
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Afterwards, items transportation (205 - not in 2000),  services (200),  other services (981),  income (300) and
current account (993) were corrected accordingly as they include the modified sub-items for the years 1999-
2001.

- 51 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Percentage of intervention for DENMARK

Period: 1999

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
6
1
330

GBR
23
47
1
1081

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 262
273
Breakdown 273
310
Partner B5
Partner 7Z
Distribution Z8
TOTAL

Period: 2000

1
1
1
1

1

2
1
7
1

5

6
6
6
6

3

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
6
1
330

GBR
23
49
1
1127

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 262
273
Breakdown 273
310
Partner B5
Partner 7Z
Distribution Z8
TOTAL

Period: 2001

1
1
1
1

1

2
1
7
1

3

6
6
6
6

3

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
6
1
330

GBR
23
49
1
1127

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 262
273
Breakdown 273
310
Partner B5
Partner 7Z
Distribution Z8
TOTAL

1
1
1
1

1

2
1
7
1

5

6
6
6
6

3

- 52 -

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

25%
29%

Total 
ITS
12
6
42
6

15
81

Years

Items Partners

1
1
1
1

1
23
23
5

47
1
1
44

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

23%
25%

Total 
ITS
12
6
42
6

9
75

Years

Items Partners

1

1
1
1
1

1

1
23
23
3

49

49
1
1
46

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

25%
33%

Total 
ITS
12
6
42
6

15
81

Years

Items Partners

1

1
1
1
1

1

1
23
23
5

49

49
1
1
46

Total 
GBR

47
23
23
220
313

Total 
GBR

49

49
23
23
138
282

Total 
GBR

49

49
23
23
230
374

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

38%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
89%
% of intervention GBR: 98%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 6%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
38%
% of intervention GBR: 45%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)*
25%
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 33%

- 53 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Germany

National data provider:

Deutsche Bundesbank

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

The general reporting system is an open international transactions reporting system
(ITRS)

Main sources:

In  the  case  of  outgoing  payments  via  resident  banks,  the  customer  has  to  fill  in  a
payment order and provide the statistical information required in this form. A copy is
sent to the Deutsche Bundesbank. All other payments as well as all receipts have to
be reported directly to the Deutsche Bundesbank.

National publication:

Deutsche Bundesbank, Zahlungsbilanzstatistik
Deutsche Bundesbank, Balance of Payments by Region
Deutsche Bundesbank, Zahlungsbilanzstatistik, Statistisches Beiheft zum Monatsbericht 3

Member State contact:

Ms Almut Steger, Ms Sabine Guschwa.

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

1998 to 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

1998-01:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

1998-01:

5%

12%

The data concerning the years 1991 to 1997 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services, Compilation guide”, December 2001 edition.

Intra-EU/euro-zone imports of goods are allocated geographically according to country of consignment from
1995 onwards. However, for the calculation of aggregates, Eurostat converted 1992 – 1994 import of goods
data from origin to consignment principle.

- 54 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1998 - 2001 Data

270 - Merchanting:

Merchanting  was  recorded  on  a  gross  basis.  This  item  has  been  recalculated  in  net  terms,  because  it  is
considered that the value of this service is the profit or loss on the transaction, i.e., the difference between
the  purchase  price  and  the  resale  price.  The  final  purchaser  is  taken  to  be  the  only  party  paying  for  the
service.  This  amount  has  been  allocated  to  the  credit  side.  On  the  other  side,  all  debits  have  been  set  to
zero.

net
DE
/
Credit
n
partner
/

270

=

270

gross
DE
/
Credit
n
partner
/

gross
DE
/
Debit
n
partner
/

270

net
DE
n
/

/
Debit
partner

270

=

0

net
DE
n
/

/
Net
partner

270

=

270

net
DE
/
Credit
n
partner
/

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

n Î

 {1998 to 2001}

271 - Other trade-related services:

This  item  was  recalculated  as  the  difference  between  merchanting  and  other  trade-related  services (269)
and merchanting (270) in order to take into account the variation in item merchanting.

n 236 - Travel;
288 - Audio-visual and related services;
n 289 - Other personal, cultural and recreational services:

Items  audio-visual  and  related  services  (288)  and  other  personal,  cultural  and  recreational  services (289)
were  not  provided  by  Germany.  Item  288  is  believed  to  be  equal  to  aggregate  personal,  cultural  and
recreational  services  (287).  Other  personal,  cultural  and  recreational  services  (believed  to  be  included  in
item travel) will not be published in the country tables, as requested by Germany.

For the European Union aggregate, item 289 was estimated according to its average share in the total "travel
(236) + other personal, cultural and recreational services (289)" for other reporters and on the period 1998 –
2001. This average share has been applied to item 236 on the period 1998 – 2001.

Although requested only for ITS partners, item 289 was estimated for all GBR partners in order to correct the
values of items travel (236) and personal, cultural and recreational services (287).

288

DE
/
n

partner

=

287

DE
/
n

partner

289

DE
n
/

partner

=

236

DE
n
/

partner

average
n

average
MS

a

(

236

a
289
An
1/
+
289

a
An
1/

÷
÷

a
An
1/

)

where MS = {ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT, GB}

partner Î

 {all GBR partners}

n Î

 {1998 to 2001}

- 55 -

-
ú
ú
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ù
ê
ê
ë
é
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

This  estimate  was  then  subtracted  from  travel  (236)  and  added  to  the  aggregate  personal,  cultural  and
recreational services (287).

Geographical breakdown

OECD countries (A8):

Partner Slovakia (SK) has been considered as part of the OECD, while it became an OECD member only in
2001.

Eurostat subtracted this partner from the definition of the OECD partner zone, for the period 1998 to 2000.

Corrected
DE
An

8/

X

=

X

Original
DE
8/
An

X

DE
/
SKn

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

n Î

 {1998 to 2000}

Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (D7):

The partner zone D7 was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

DE
/
Dn

7

=

X
partner

p

DE
/
pn

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

n Î

 {1998 to 2001}

partner Î

 {CY, MT, IL, TR, C7, C8}

- 56 -

  
-
å
Î
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for Germany

Period: 1998 - 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

Item

270
288, 289
OECD
D7
TOTAL

ITS
55
8
4
1760

GBR
23
51
4
4692

Years

Items Partners

4
4

1
2

8
8

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

5%
12%

Total 
ITS
32
64

96

Years

Items Partners

4
3
4

2
23
23

51
1
1

Total 
GBR

408
69
92
569

11%

11%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 9%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 9%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)*
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 13%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)*
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 12%

5%

5%

* In  this  issue  of  the  compilation  guide,  related  items  of  merchanting;  audio-visual  and  related  services;  other  personal,  cultural  and
recreational services (namely: other trade-related services; travel; personal, cultural and recreational services ) haven’t been taken into
account  for  the  calculation  of  the  percentages  of  intervention  on  the  German  data.  Thus,  the  percentage  of  intervention  tended  to
decrease in comparison to the 1999 production.

- 57 -

                                                        
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Greece

National data provider:

Bank of Greece

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements closed system

Main sources: Bank reporting and direct declaring.

National publication:

Bank of Greece Monthly Statistical Bulletin
Monthly Bulletin of Conjunctural Indicators

Member State contact:

Mr Andreas Karapapas, Mr Evangelos Pantelidis

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

None

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15
GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15

2001:
2001:

11%
4%

The data concerning the years 1990 to 2000 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services EU, 1991-00 Compilation guide”, December 2001.

- 58 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

2001 Data

270 - Merchanting:
Merchanting  was  recorded  on  a  gross  basis.  This  item  has  been  recalculated  in  net  terms,  because  it  is
considered that the value of this service is the profit or loss on the transaction, i.e., the difference between
the  purchase  price  and  the  resale  price.  The  final  purchaser  is  taken  to  be  the  only  party  paying  for  the
service.  This  amount  has  been  allocated  to  the  credit  side.  On  the  other  side,  all  debits  have  been  set  to
zero.

net
GR
/
Credit
n
partner
/

270

=

270

gross
GR
/
Credit
n
partner
/

gross
GR
/
Debit
n
partner
/

270

net
GR
/
Debit
n
partner
/

270

=

0

net
GR
/
Net
n
partner
/

270

=

270

net
GR
/
Credit
n
partner
/

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

n Î

 {2001}

271 - Other trade-related services:
This item was recalculated as the difference between merchanting and other trade-related services (269)
and merchanting (270) in order to take into account the variation in item merchanting.

211 - Passenger transport by air;
212 - Freight transport by air;
213 - Supporting, auxiliary and other services:
Eurostat estimated the breakdown of air transport (210) by using the average share of each missing item in
the aggregate item air transport as provided Member States for partner World.

X

210

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

average
MS

a

1

X

GR
n
/

partner

=

210

GR
n
/

partner

where X Î

 {211, 212, 213}

n Î {2001}

MS1 = {A3, DK, DE, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, AT, PT, GB}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

280 - Architectural, engineering and other technical consultancy;

281 - Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services:
These  items  were  estimated  by  using  their  average  share  in  the  sum  of  other  miscellaneous  business,
professional  and  technical  services (284),  architectural,  engineering  and  other  technical  consultancy (280)
and  agricultural, mining and on-site processing services (281) for partner world as reported by seven other
Member States.

X

GR
n
/

partner

=

284

GR
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

284

a
An
1/

+

X
280

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

+

a
281
An
1/

- 59 -

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

where

n Î

 {2001}

MS = {A3, DE, ES, IT, AT, PT, GB}

X Î

 {280, 281}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

Then,  item  284,  other  miscellaneous  businesses,  professional  and  technical  services,  was  recalculated
subtracting 280 and 281 from the initial value of 284.

288 - Audio-visual and recreational services:

289 - Other personal, cultural and recreational services:

The  sub-items  of  Personal,  cultural  and  recreational  services  (287)  were  estimated  for  the  year  2001  with
partner USA by applying their average share in the total Personal, cultural and recreational services as given
in the former revised years with partner USA.

X

GR
/01

US

=

287

GR
/01

US

average
Tt

GR
X
t
/
US
GR
287
/
t

US

÷
÷

where X Î

 {288, 289}

T = {1999, 2000}

Geographical breakdown:

ACP countries (B5)
In the data provided this zone was not equal to the sum of its sub-components; moreover the sub-aggregate
Pacific ACP countries (B8) was wrongly calculated without the inclusion of partners Federated States of
Miconesia (FM), Marshall Islands (MH), Nauru (NR) and Palau (PW) that joined this economic zone in 2000.
Therefore, Eurostat corrected the aggregate ACP countries (B5) as the sum of the countries and areas that
make it up (by taking into account the correction of partner B8).

X

GR
Bn

5/

=

X

GR
Bn

6/

+

X

GR
Bn

7/

+

X

GR
Bn

8/

+

993(

GR
/
FMn

+

993

GR
/
MHn

+

GR
993
n
/

NR

+

993

GR
/
PWn

/)

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

n Î

 {2001}

993

GR
Bn

8/

*

X

GR
Bn

8/

OECD Countries (A8)
Partner Slovakia (SK) was not included in the aggregate A8, while it became an OECD member in 2001.
Eurostat added this partner from the definition of the OECD partner zone for the period concerned.

X

GR
An

8/

=

X

GR
An

8/

+

X

GR
/
SKn

where  X Î

 {all GBR items}

n = {2001}

- 60 -

  
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þ
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for Greece

Period: 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS

GBR

55
8
1
440

23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

11%
4%

Item

Years

Items Partners

270
Breakdown 210
280, 281
288, 289
All GBR items, partner B5
All GBR items, partner A8
TOTAL

1
1
1
1

1
3
2
2

8
8
8
1

Total 
ITS
8
24
16
2

50

Years

Items Partners

Total 
GBR

1
1

23
23

1
1

23
23
46

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
90%
% of intervention GBR: 98%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
89%
% of intervention GBR: 97%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)*
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

11%
 4%

13%
 2%

* In  this  issue  of  the  compilation  guide,  related  item  of  merchanting (namely:  other  trade-related  services)  hasn’t  been  taken  into
account for the calculation of the percentages of intervention on the Greek data. Moreover, the total number of ITS and GBR partners
has been increased because of the inclusion of Greece in the euro-zone in 2001.

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Spain

National data provider:
Banco de España

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Banco de España International Transactions Reporting System

Main sources: Credits institutions (Banks)

Firms and individuals: Holders of accounts abroad and Clearing

Customs and other administrative sources

National publication:

Balanza de Pagos de España, Banco de España, annual

Member State contact:

Ms. María Luisa López Sturm

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates        2000-2001: 

0%

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

        2000:        1%

         2001:       2%

The data concerning the years 1992 to 1999 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publication
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-2000” and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account EU,
1997-2000”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade
in Services EU, 1991-2000 Compilation guide”, December 2001.

- 62 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

2000 - 2001 Data

Geographical breakdown:

ACP countries (B5)

Partners Federated States of Micronesia (FM), Marshall Islands (MH), Nauru (NR) and Palau (PW) were not
included in partner zone ACP in 2001. Eurostat added  these partners to the ACP partner zone provided, for
the year 2001.

Corrected
ES
2001

5/
B

X

=

X

Original
ES
2001

5/
B

+

X
partner

p

ES
2001

/

p

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {FM, MH, NR, PW}

Partner South Africa, which joined the ACP countries in 1998, was not included in this partner zone on that
year. Eurostat added  South Africa to the ACP partner zone provided, for the year 1998.

Corrected
ES
1998

5/
B

X

=

X

Original
ES
1998

5/
B

+

X

ES
1998

/

ZA

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

Oceania and Polar regions (F7)

In the data provided this partner zone was not equal to the sum of its components in the year 2000 for credit
flows. Therefore, Eurostat recalculated this partner zone as the sum of the entities that make it up.

Credit
ES
2000

7/
F

X

=

Credit
ES
2000

/

p

X
partner

p

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {AU, FJ, FM, KI, MH, MP, NC, NR, NZ, PF, PG, PN, PW, SB, TO, TV, VU, WF, WS, F8, F9, G1, G2}

Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (F7)

Partner  D7  was  missing  in  the  data  transmission.  Hence,  Eurostat  calculated  it  as  the  sum  of  its
components.

X

ES
/
Dn

7

=

X
partner

p

ES
/
pn

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {CY, IL, MT, TR, C7, C8}

- 63 -

å
Î
å
Î
å
Î
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

n  Years  2000-2001.  World  not  allocated  flows  (Z1)  for  items  investment  income (320),  income  (300)
and current account (993).
The not allocated flows for item investment income (320) and related items were added to intra-EU-15 and
extra-EU-15 according to their share in the total of extra-EU-15 (D4) plus EU Member States not belonging
to intra-EUR-11 (U3). Partner OECD (A8) was corrected accordingly as it includes intra-EU-15 (D2).

X

ES
Un

3/

=

X

ES
/
Dn

2

X

ES
/
Un

2

where  X Î

 {all ITS items}

n = {2000, 2001}

X

ES
/
Dn

2

=

X

ES
/
Dn

2

+

320

ES
Zn

1/

*

320

ES
/
Un

/

3

X

ES
/
Dn

4

=

X

ES
/
Dn

4

+

320

ES
Zn

1/

*

320

ES
/
Dn

4

/

[
320
[
320

ES
/
Un

3

+

320

ES
/
Dn

4

ES
/
Un

3

+

320

ES
/
Dn

4

]
]

where  X Î

 {320, 300, 993}

n = {2000, 2001}

- 64 -

  
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for Spain

Period: 2000

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

Item

Years

Items Partners

320
All GBR items, partner F7
TOTAL

Period: 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

1

1

2

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
1%

Total 
ITS
2

2

Years

Items Partners

1
1

1
23

3
0.5

Total 
GBR
3
11.5
14.5

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
2%

Item

Years

Items Partners

320
All GBR items, partner B5
TOTAL

1

1

2

Total 
ITS
2

2

Years

Items Partners

1
1

1
23

3
1

Total 
GBR
3
23
26

1%
2%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
0%

0%
2%

1%
1%

- 65 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

France

National data provider:
Banque de France

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements semi-open system

Main sources: Banks (BRS)

General Direct reporting Companies (DDG)
Holders of accounts abroad and international netting (DDP)
Monthly survey on short-run trade credits
Customs

National publication:

La balance des paiements de la France, Rapport annuel et annexes, annual

Member State contact:
Mr. Pierre Caussé

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate the EU aggregates   2000-01:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate the EU aggregates  2000-01:

32%

6%

The  data  concerning  the  years  1991  to  1999  correspond  to  the  figures  published  in  the  EUROSTAT
publications  “International  Trade  in  Services:  EU,  1991-00”  and  “Geographical  Breakdown  of  the  Current
Account:  EU,  1997-00”.  The  estimation  procedures  carried  out  for  these  years  can  be  found  in  the
“International Trade in Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

2000-2001 Data

223 – Road transport;

227 – Inland waterway transport;
231 – Pipeline transport;

France provided two of the sub-items composing the aggregate 214, other transport (other than sea and air):

Ø  Space transport (218), and

Ø  Rail transport (219).

This information was taken into account in order to estimate the other three items of this breakdown listed
above. The missing items were estimated using their share in the difference between the aggregate 214 and
the available sub-items 218 and 219 as reported by France in 1999 for partner World.

X

FR
1/99
A
FR
1/99
A

218

219

FR
1/99
A

X

FR
/
n

partner

(
214

=

FR
/
n

partner

218

FR
/
n

partner

219

FR
/
n

partner

)

214

FR
1/99
A

where X Î

 {223, 227, 231}

partner Î

 {all ITS partners}

n = {2000 and 2001}

246 – Postal and courier services;
247 – Telecommunication services;

The breakdown of item  communications services (245) was estimated by Eurostat by applying the share of
the missing items in the aggregate 245 as reported by France in 1999 for partner World.

X

FR
/
n

partner

=

245

FR
/
n

partner

X

FR
1/99
A
FR
1/99
A

245

where X Î

 {246, 247}

partner Î

 {all ITS partners}

n = {2000 and 2001}

250 – Construction abroad;

251 – Construction in the compiling economy;

The breakdown of item  construction services (249) was estimated by Eurostat by applying the share of the
missing items in the aggregate 249, as reported by France in 1999 for partner World.

X

FR
/
n

partner

=

249

FR
/
n

partner

X
249

FR
1/99
A
FR
1/99
A

where X Î

 {250, 251}

partner Î

 {all ITS partners}

n = {2000 and 2001}

- 67 -

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

263 – Computer services;
264 – Information services;

The breakdown of item computer and information services (262) was estimated by Eurostat by applying the
share of the missing items in the aggregate 262 as reported by France in 1999 for partner World.

X

FR
/
n

partner

=

262

FR
/
n

partner

X

FR
1/99
A
FR
1/99
A

262

where X Î

 {263, 264}

partner Î

 {all ITS partners}

n = {2000 and 2001}

274 - Legal, accounting, management, consulting and public relations services;

279 - Research and development services;
280 - Architectural, engineering and other technical services;

281 - Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services;
284 - Other - Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services:

France  provided  two  of  the  sub-items  composing  the  aggregate  miscellaneous  business,  professional  and
technical services (273):

Ø  Advertising, market research and public opinion polling (278), and

Ø  Services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e. (285).

This  information  was  taken  into  account  in  order  to  estimate  the  rest  of  the  items  of  this  breakdown.  The
missing items were estimated using their average share in the difference between the aggregate 273 and the
available sub-items 278 and 285 as provided by seven other reporters for partner World.

X

FR
n
/

partner

(
273

=

FR
n
/

partner

278

FR
n
/

partner

285

FR
n
/

partner

)

where MS1 = {DE, ES, IT, AT, PT, GB}

X Î

 {274, 279, 280, 281, 284}

partner Î

 { all ITS partners }

n = {2000 and 2001}

average
MS

a

1

273

a
An
1/

X

278

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

285

a
An
1/

OECD countries (A8)
Partner Slovakia (SK) has not been considered as part of the OECD, while it became an OECD member in
2001.
Eurostat added this partner to the definition of the OECD partner zone, for 2001.

Corrected
FR
8/01

A

X

=

X

Original
FR
8/01

A

+

X

FR
/01

SK

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

- 68 -

  
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-
-
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Candidate Countries (D6)
The partner zone D6 was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

FR
/
Dn

6

=

X
partner

p

FR
/
pn

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

n Î

 {2000 and 2001}

partner Î

 {BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK, TR}

Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (D7)
The partner zone D7 was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

FR
/
Dn

7

=

X
partner

p

FR
/
pn

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

n Î

 {2000 and 2001}

partner Î

 {CY, MT, IL, TR, C7, C8}

Intra and extra-Euro-zone (U2 and U4)

Partner Greece (GR) has been considered as part of the Euro-zone, while it became a Euro-zone member only in 2001.
Eurostat subtracted this partner from the definition of the Euro-zone, and added it to the extra-Euro-zone, for the year
2000.

Corrected
FR
/00

U

2

Corrected
FR
/00

U

4

X

X

=

X

=

X

Original
FR
/00

U

2

Original
FR
/00

U

4

X

FR
/00

GR

+

X

FR
/00

GR

where X Î

 { all ITS posts}

International Organisations excluding European Union Institutions (7Z)
This  partner  was  missing  in  2001.  Eurostat  recalculated  it  as  the  difference  between  Extra-EU-15  and  its
available sub-components.

X

FR
7/01

Z

=

X

FR
/01

D

4

X
partner

p

FR
/01

p

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

partner Î

 {A5, E2, E4, E7, F2, F7}

- 69 -

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Î
å
Î
-
å
Î
-
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Percentage of intervention for France

Period 2000 - 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
2
880

GBR
23
51
2
2346

Item

Years

Items Partners

2
2
2
2
2
1

3
2
2
2
5
55

8
8
8
8
8
1

223, 227, 231
Breakdown 245
Breakdown 249
Breakdown 262
274, 279, 280, 281, 284
Euro-zone
7Z
OECD
D6
D7
TOTAL

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

32%
6%

Total 
ITS
48
32
32
32
80
55

279

Years

Items Partners

Total 
GBR

1
1
2
2

23
23
23
23

1
1
1
1

23
23
46
46
138

12%
0%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

25%
0%

32%
6%

9%
0%

- 70 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Ireland

National data provider:

Central Statistical Office (CSO)

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

A survey-based system

Main sources: Surveys conducted by the CSO

Surveys and administrative records (from the Bank of Ireland)
Foreign trade statistics and INTRASTAT
Administrative records and Government accounts
Other

National publication:

CSO, Balance of International Payments, Statistical Release

Member State contact:

Mr John Fitzpatrick

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

None

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2001:

2001:

36%

84%

The data concerning the years 1991 to 2000 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00", and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”.  The  estimation  procedures  carried  out  for  these  years,  including  those  adopted  by  Eurostat  for
missing  data,  can  be  found  in  the  “International  Trade  in  Services  EU,  1991-00  Compilation  guide”,
December 2001.

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

2000 Data

Euro 12 (I2) and extra-Euro 12 (J2)

Eurostat had to estimate for Greece (GR) the breakdown of services and add it to the intra-Euro-zone (U2) to
obtain the Euro 12 (I2).
The  breakdown  of  item  services  (200)  for  Greece  was  estimated  by  Eurostat  using  the  average  share  of
each missing item in the aggregate services (200) as provided by four other reporters.

X

IE
/00

GR

=

200

IE
/00

GR

average
MS

a

where MS = {A3, DE, AT, PT }

GR

X
200

a
/00
a
/00

GR

X Î

 {205, 206, 210, 214, 218, 219, 223, 227, 231, 232, 236, 245, 249, 253, 260, 262, 266, 268, 287, 291}

Then partner Greece has been added to intra-Euro-zone (U2) to obtain Euro 12 (I2) and subtracted from
extra-Euro-zone (U4) to obtain extra-Euro 12 (J2)

2001 Data

Ireland  sent  new  2001  quarterly  data,  with  a  geographical  breakdown  at  level  1.  The  following  estimations
concern  only  the  partners  belonging  to  level  1  (namely:  World,  intra-EU-15,  extra-EU-15,  intra-EUR-11,
extra-EUR-11,  Canada,  USA,  Japan  and  EFTA).  The  full  geographical  breakdown  has  been  estimated
afterwards.

218 - Space transport
219 - Rail transport;
223 - Road transport;
227 - Inland waterways transport;
231 - Pipeline transport:

Ireland  provided  item  other  transportation  (214)  with  partners  of  level  1.  Transactions  in  Space  transport
(218), Inland waterways transport (227) and Pipeline transport (231) were set to zero by Eurostat.

The remaining publishable breakdown of item other transportation (214) was estimated by Eurostat using the
average share of each missing item in the aggregate item other transportation as provided by other Member
States for partner World.

X

IE
/01

partner

=

214

IE
/01

partner

average
MS

a

X
214

a
A
1/01
a
A
1/01

where MS = { DE, GR, ES, IT, NL, AT, PT }

X Î

 {219, 223}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP, A5}

250 - Construction abroad;
251 - Construction in the reporting economy:

These missing items are the sub-items of construction services (249). Eurostat estimated them by applying
the average structure of construction services as given by other Member States for partner World.

- 72 -

  
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

X

IE
/01

partner

=

249

IE
/01

partner

average
MS

a

X
249

a
A
1/01
a
A
1/01

where MS = {DE, GR, ES, IT, NL, AT, PT }

X Î

 {250, 251}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP, A5}

263 - Computer services;
264 - Information services:

These  missing  items  are  the  sub-items  of  computer  and  information  services  (262).  Transactions  in
information  services  (264)  were  set  to  zero  whereas  item  computer  services  (263)  was  set  equal  to  the
corresponding aggregate computer and information services (262).

263

IE
/01

partner

=

262

IE
/01

partner

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP, A5}

270 - Merchanting;
271 - Other trade-related services:

Items merchanting (270) and other trade-related services (271) were estimated by using their average size in
the  aggregate  merchanting  and  other  trade-related  services  (269)  as  given  by  other  Member  States  for
partner World.

X

IE
/01

partner

=

269

IE
/01

partner

average
MS

a

X
269

a
A
1/01
a
A
1/01

where MS = {ES, FR, IT, NL, AT }

X Î

 {270, 271}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP, A5}

274 - Legal, accounting, management, consulting and technical services;
278 - Advertising, market research and public opinion polling;
279 - Research and development services;
280 - Architectural, engineering and other technical services;

281 - Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services;
284 - Other business services other;

285 - Services between affiliated enterprises:

The  breakdown  of  Miscellaneous  business,  professional  and  technical  services  (273)  was  estimated  by
applying the average structure of miscellaneous business, professional and technical services (273) as given
by other Member States for partner World.

X

IE
/01

partner

=

273

IE
/01

partner

average
MS

a

a
A
1/01

X
273

a
A
1/01

- 73 -

ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

where MS = {A3, DE, ES, IT, AT, PT}

X Î

 {274, 278, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP, A5}

289 - Other personal, cultural and recreational services:

This  missing  item  was  set  equal  to  zero  by  Eurostat  because  the  aggregate  personal,  cultural  and
recreational services (287) was equal to the item audio-visual and related services (288).

n All GBR items, all GBR partners

All GBR partners (except the partners that include or are included in intra-EU-15, Canada, USA, Japan and
the EFTA countries) were obtained by using their average size in the difference between extra-EU-15 (D4)
and Canada, USA, Japan and EFTA as reported by other Member States for the current account (993).

X

IE
/01

Partner

(

=

X

IE
/01

D

4

X

IE
/01

CA

X

IE
/01

US

X

IE
/01

JP

X

IE
5/01

A

)

average
MS

a

a
993
/01

D

4

a
993
/01

CA

a
993
/01
a
993
/01

Partner

a
993
/01

JP

a
993
5/01

A

US

where MS = {DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT}

X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {all GBR partners but A8, E7, F6, F2, B1, A5, CH, NO, LI}

n All GBR items: Switzerland (CH), Norway (NO) and Liechtenstein (LI)

Partners Switzerland (CH), Norway (NO) and Liechtenstein (LI) were obtained by using the average size of
their amounts in the aggregate EFTA (A5) as given by other Member States for the current account (993).

X

IE
/01

partner

(

=

X

IE
5/01

A

)

average
MS

a

partner

a
993
/01
a
993
5/01

A

where MS = {DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT}

X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {CH, NO, LI}

n All GBR items: OECD countries (A8)

The partner zone OECD countries (A8) was calculated by combining the countries making up this zone.

X

IE
8/01

A

=

X

IE
/01

partner

X

IE
/01

LI

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {D2, CZ, HU, PL, TR, CA, US, MX, JP, AU, NZ, A5, KR, SK}

- 74 -

  
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
-
-
-
-
´
-
-
-
-
Î
ú
ú
û
ù
ê
ê
ë
é
´
Î
å
-
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

n All GBR items: America (E7)

The partner zone America (E7) was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

IE
7/01

E

å=

X

IE
/01

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {CA, US, E9, F1}

n All GBR items: Other Asian countries (F6)

Eurostat estimated first the zone Other Asian countries excluding Japan by using the average size of Other
Asian countries excluding Japan in the difference between the extra-EU and Canada, USA, Japan, and the
EFTA countries as given by other Member states.

X

IE
F
6/01

JP

(

=

X

IE
/01

D

4

X

IE
/01

CA

X

IE
/01

US

X

IE
/01

JP

X

IE
5/01

A

)

average
MS

a

a
993
/01

D

4

a
993
/01

a
993
F
6/01
a
993
/01

CA

US

JP
a
993
/01

a
993
/01

a
993
5/01

A

JP

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

MS Î

 {DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT}

Partner  “other  Asian  countries”  was  then  calculated  by  adding  partner  Japan  to  the  estimated  zone  “Other
Asian countries excluding Japan”.

X

IE
6/01
F

=

X

IE
6/01
F

+

X

IE
/01

JP

JP

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

n All GBR items: Asia (F2)

The partner zone Asia (F2) was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

IE
/01

F

2

å=

X

IE
/01

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {F3, F6}

n All GBR items: NAFTA (B1)

The economical zone NAFTA (B1) was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

IE
1/01

B

å=

X

IE
/01

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {CA, MX, US}

- 75 -

ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
-
-
-
-
-
´
-
-
-
-
Î
-
-
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

n All GBR items: Candidate countries (D6)

The  economic  zone  Candidate  countries  (D6)  was  calculated  as  the  sum  of  the  countries  making  up  this
zone

X

IE
/01

D

6

å=

X

IE
/01

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK, TR}

n All GBR items: Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (D7)

The economic zone Mediterranean countries in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (D7) was calculated as
the sum of the countries making up this zone

X

IE
/01

D

7

å=

X

IE
/01

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {CY, MT, IL, TR, C7, C8}

- 76 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for Ireland

Period: 2000

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
49
1
1127

Item

Years

Items Partners

Euro-zone
TOTAL

Period: 2001

1

20

1

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

5%
0%

Years

Items Partners

Total 
ITS
20
20

Total 
GBR

0

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

36%
84%

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 214
Breakdown 249
Breakdown 262
Breakdown 269
Breakdown 273
Breakdown 287
All partners (except ITS and A5)
TOTAL

1
1
1
1
1
1

5
2
2
2
7
2

8
8
8
8
8
8

Total 
ITS
40
16
16
16
56
16

160

Years

Items Partners

Total 
GBR

1

23

43

989
989

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
95%
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 99%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
38%
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 83%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
35%
% of intervention GBR: 83%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
36%
% of intervention GBR: 84%

- 77 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Italy

National data provider:

Ufficio Italiano dei Cambi and Banca d´Italia

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements open system

Main sources: Payments reported by banks and

Holders of accounts abroad and international netting (non-banks)
ISTAT

National publication:

Bollettino Statistico, Statistische analitiche valutarie (Ufficio Italiano dei Cambi), Manuale della bilancia
dei pagamenti in Italia (Banca d'Italia).

Member State contact:

Antonello Biagiolli, UIC

New data provided to Eurostat:
Revised data provided to Eurostat:
ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2001
2000

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2000:
2001:
2000:
2001:

0%
0%
2%
0%

The data concerning the years 1990 to 1999 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services EU, 1991-00 Compilation guide”, December 2001.

- 78 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

2000 Data

OECD Countries (A8)
Partner Slovakia (SK) has been considered as part of the OECD, while it became an OECD member only in
2001.
Eurostat subtracted this partner from the definition of the OECD partner zone for the period 2000.

X

IT
An

8/

=

X

IT
An

8/

X

IT
/
SKn

where  X Î

 {all GBR items}

n = {2000}

- 79 -

-
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
2%

Total 
ITS

0

Years

Items Partners

1

23

1

Total 
GBR
23
23

Percentage of intervention for Italy

Period: 2000

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

Item

Years

Items Partners

All GBR items, partner A8
TOTAL

Period: 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
0%

Item

Years

Items Partners

no items corrected
TOTAL

Years

Items Partners

Total 
ITS
0
0

Total 
GBR
0
0

19%
26%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

0%
0%

0%
0%

0%
2%

- 80 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Netherlands

National data provider:

De Nederlandsche Bank

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements close system

Main sources: Payments reported by Banks and

Holders of accounts abroad and international netting (DDP)
Direct reporting company (DDG)
CBS (Customs)

National publication:

De Nederlandsche Bank - Jaarverslag, annual

Member State contact:

Mr Frank Ouddeken

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2000-2001:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2000-2001:

16%

  2%

The  data  concerning  the  years  1991  to  1999  correspond  to  the  figures  published  in  the  EUROSTAT
publications “International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-2000”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current
Account:  EU,  1997-2000”.  The  estimation  procedures  carried  out  for  these  years  can  be  found  in  the
“International Trade in Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001.

- 81 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

2000 and 2001 Data

263 - Computer services;
264 - Information services:
The  breakdown  of  item  computer  and  information  services  (262)  was  estimated  by  Eurostat  using  the
average share of each missing item in the aggregate item 262 as provided by five other reporters for partner
World.

X

NL
n
/

partner

=

262

NL
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

where

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

X

262

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

MS = {ES, IT, AT, PT, GB, A3, GR}

X Î

 {263, 264}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, CA, US, JP}

274 - Legal, accounting, management, consulting and public relations services;
278 - Advertising, market research and public opinion polling;
279 - Research and development services;
280 - Architectural, engineering and other technical services;
281 - Agricultural, mining and on-site processing services;
284 - Other Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services;
285 - Services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e:
The breakdown of item miscellaneous, business, professional and technical services (273) was estimated by
Eurostat  using  the  average  share  of  each  missing  item  in  the  aggregate  item  miscellaneous,  business,
professional and technical services as provided by six other reporters for partner World.

X

NL
n/partner

=

273

NL
n/partner

average
MS

a

X
273

a
n/A1
a
n/A1

where

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

MS = {DE, ES, IT, AT, PT, GB, A3}

X Î

 {274, 278, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

Geographical breakdown:

OECD countries (A8)

Partner Slovakia (SK) was considered as part of the OECD in 2000, whereas it became an OECD member in
2001. Eurostat subtracted partner Slovakia from the OECD partner zone provided for the year 2000.

Corrected
NL
2000

8/
A

X

=

X

Original
NL
2000

8/
A

X

NL
2000

/

SK

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

- 82 -

  
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ë
é
´
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ú
û
ù
ê
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é
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

ACP countries (B5)

Partners Federated States of Micronesia (FM), Marshall Islands (MH), Nauru (NR) and Palau (PW) were not
included in partner zone ACP in 2001. Eurostat added  these partners to the ACP partner zone provided, for
the year 2001.

Corrected
NL
2001

5/
B

X

=

X

Original
NL
2001

5/
B

+

X
partner

p

NL
2001

/

p

where X Î

 {all GBR items}

partner Î

 {FM, MH, NR, PW}

- 83 -

å
Î
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Percentage of intervention for the Netherlands

Period: 2000

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 262
Breakdown 273
All GBR items, partner A8
TOTAL

Period: 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

1
1

2
7

8
8

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

16%
2%

Total 
ITS
16
56

72

Years

Items Partners

1

23

1

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

16%
2%

Item

Years

Items Partners

Breakdown 262
Breakdown 273
All GBR items, partner B5
TOTAL

1
1

2
7

8
8

Total 
ITS
16
56

72

Years

Items Partners

1

23

1

Total 
GBR

23
23

Total 
GBR

23
23

16%
0%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

16%
0%

16%
2%

16%
0%

- 84 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Austria

National data provider:

Oesterreichische Nationalbank

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

A settlements closed system

Main sources: Banks and non-banks reports

Foreign trade statistics based on data reported by the CSO
Government accounts

National publication:

Annual Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank

Member State contact:

Mr Dellmour, Ms Nesvadba, Ms Stecyna, Mr Hille

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates    2000-2001:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates  2000-2001:

 2%

 4%

The data concerning the years 1992 to 1999 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-2000”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-2000”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade
in Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

In  order  to  avoid  the  possibility  of  releasing  results  different  from  the  ones  published  at  the  national  level,
Austria asked Eurostat not to publish any of Eurostat’s corrections under the country heading. Nevertheless,
Eurostat  has  used  its  estimates  for  data  harmonisation  in  order  to  calculate  the  EU-15  aggregate  (marked
n).

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

2000 - 2001 Data

n Distribution of services not allocated (982)
Austria  provided  a  large  services  not  allocated  (982).  In  order  to  calculate  the  EU  aggregates,  Eurostat
distributed these services not allocated among all the other services items that were neither travel (236), nor
personal, cultural and recreational services (287), nor  government services (291). Item 982 was allocated to
these  items  according  to  their  share  in  the  total  services  (200)  minus  travel,  personal,  cultural  and
recreational services, government services and services not allocated; as provided for partner World (A1).

corrected

X

AT
/
n

partner

=

X

original
AT
/
n

partner

+

982

AT
/
n

partner

200

AT
1/
An

236

AT
1/
An

X
287

AT
1/
An
AT
1/
An

291

AT
1/
An

982

AT
1/
An

÷
÷

where X Î

 {205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 223, 227, 231, 232, 245, 246,
247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 260, 262, 263, 264, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279,
280, 281, 284, 285} for partners A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, US, CA and JP

{205, 206, 210, 214, 245, 249, 253, 260, 262, 266, 268} for all other partners

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

partner Î

 {all partners}

Then item other services (981) was recalculated as the sum of its sub-items and services not allocated (982)
was set to zero.

- 86 -

  
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
-
-
-
-
´
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Percentage of intervention for Austria

Period: 2000-2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
2
880

GBR
23
51
2
2346

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

2%
4%

Item

Years

Items Partners

2

1

8

982
TOTAL

Total 
ITS
16
16

Years

Items Partners

2

1

51

Total 
GBR
102
102

3%
5%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

2%
4%

2%
4%

2%
4%

- 87 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Portugal

National data provider:
Banco de Portugal

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

Basically, a settlements semi-open system

Main sources: Banks (BRS)

General Direct Reporting Companies (DDG)
Holders of accounts abroad and international netting (DDP)
INE; Treasury

National publication:

Annual report, annual

Member State contact:

Mr. Antonio Agostinho

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat:

1999 - 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

1999:
2000-01:

1999:
2000-01:

2%
2%

2%
0%

The data concerning the years 1990 to 1998 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services EU, 1991-00 Compilation guide”, December 2001.

- 88 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1999 to 2001 Data

270 - Merchanting;

271 - Other trade-related services:
Merchanting was reported on a gross basis. This item has been recalculated in net terms. The value of this
service is the profit or loss on the transaction, i.e., the difference between the purchase price and the resale
price.  The  final  purchaser  is  taken  to  be  the  only  party  paying  for  the  service.  It  has  been  considered  that
only the net value with the World is accurate. This amount has been allocated to the credit side and it has
been  broken-down  geographically  following  the  structure  of  the  gross  credits.  On  the  other  side,  all  debits
have been set to zero.

Net 
PT
/
Credit
n
partner
/

=

Gross
PT
/
Credit
n
partner
/

270

270

Gross
PT
/
Debit
n
partner
/

270

Net 
PT
/
Debit
n
partner
/

270

=

0

Net
PT
Net
/
n
partner
/

270

=

270

Net
PT
Credit
/
n
partner
/

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

n = {1999, 2000, 2001}

Then, Eurostat recalculated item  other trade-related services  (271)  as  the  difference  between  merchanting
and  other  trade-related  services  (269)  and  merchanting  (270)  to  take  into  account  the  variation  of
merchanting.

ACP countries (B5)
Partner South Africa (ZA) was wrongly excluded in the calculation of the aggregate B5 (ACP countries) for
the year 1999. Eurostat has corrected this economic zone with the inclusion of partner South Africa for the
period concerned.

X

PT
Bn

5/

=

X

PT
Bn

5/

+

X

PT
/
n

ZA

where  X Î

 {all GBR items}

n = {1999}

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COMPILATION GUIDE

Percentage of intervention for Portugal

Period: 1999

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
1
440

GBR
23
49
1
1127

Item

Years

Items Partners

270
All GBR items, partner B5
TOTAL

Period: 2000-01

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

1

1

8

ITS
55
8
2
880

GBR
23
51
2
2346

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

2%
2%

Total 
ITS
8

8

Years

Items Partners

1

23

1

Total 
GBR

23
23

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

2%
0%

Item

Years

Items Partners

2

1

8

270
TOTAL

Total 
ITS
16
16

Years

Items Partners

Total 
GBR

0

7%
1%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

2%
0%

4%
2%

2%
0%

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Finland

National data provider:

Bank of Finland

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

The general reporting system, dual system based on settlements and surveys until
1998.  As from 1999 the system is based solely on surveys.

Main sources:

Foreign trade statistics (customs)
Statistics Finland’s surveys on services (for sea and road transport, insurance…)
Information  collected  by  institutions  operating  in  these  areas.  Finnish  railways,
Finnair air transport

Payments reported by banks until 1998.

National publication:

Finland’s Balance of Payments, annual statistics

Member State contact:

Ms Sorsa, Mr Hilpinen, Mrs Miikkulainen and Mrs Somervuori

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: 2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2000-01:

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates

2000-01:

4%

5%

The data concerning the years 1990 to 1999 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services, Compilation guide”, December 2001 edition.

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2000 - 2001 data:

270 - Merchanting;
271 - Other trade-related services:
These  missing  items  are  the  sub-items  of  merchanting  and  other  trade-related  services  (269).  They  have
been estimated according to their average share in this aggregate as given by 11 other Member States for
partner World.

X

FI
n
/

partner

=

269

FI
n
/

partner

average
MS

a

X
269

a
An
1/
a
An
1/

where

n Î

X Î

 {2000, 2001}

 {270, 271}

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, U2, U4, CA, US, JP}

MS = {A3, DK, DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT, GB}

n All GBR items: partner International Organisations excluding European Union Institutions (7Z):
For the calculation of the EU/euro-zone aggregates, all items have been estimated for partner  International
Organisations excluding European Union Institutions (7Z).
First, Eurostat estimated the current account (993) with partner 7Z by applying to partner extra-EU (D4) the
average weight of partner 7Z in D4 as given by 10 other Member States for this item. The breakdown of the
current account with partner 7Z was then estimated by applying the breakdown of the current account as it
had been estimated last year for partner 7Z.

7/

a
993
n
a
993
Dn
/

Z

4

993

FI
n

7/

Z

=

993

FI
Dn
/

4

average
MS

a

X

FI
n

7/

Z

=

estimated
993

FI
n

7/

Z

X
993

FI
7/99
FI
7/99

Z

÷
÷

Z

where

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

X Î

 {all GBR items but 993}

MS = {A3, DE, GR, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT, GB}

n Large extra-EU non-allocated flows (Z8):
Some items showed large EU unallocated flows. These were:
- Construction services (249)
- Royalties and license fees (266)
- Merchanting and other trade-related services (269).
Eurostat distributed the geographically non-allocated flows on the major extra-EU geographical areas, only
on data used for the calculation of the EU/euro-zone aggregates (these corrections will not appear in tables
published under the heading “Reporter: Finland”).
For the above-mentioned items, Eurostat corrected data given for partners:
- EFTA (A5),
- Other European countries (E2),
- Africa (E4),
- North Africa (E5),
- Other African countries (E6),
- America (E7),

- 92 -

  
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
´
Î
ú
û
ù
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ë
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

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- Central American countries (E9),
- South American countries (F1),
- Asia (F2),
- Near and Middle East countries (F3),
- Other Near and Middle East countries (F5),
- Other Asian countries (F6) and
-  Oceania and Polar regions (F7).
For the given items, Eurostat added to each of the above-mentioned partners a proportion of Z8 calculated
on the basis of the partner’s share in the total reported extra-EU flows.

X

original
FI
/
n
X

FI
/
Dn

4

partner

÷
÷
÷

corrected

X

FI
/
n

partner

=

X

original
FI
/
n

partner

+

X

FI
Zn

8/

where

n Î

 {2000, 2001}

X Î

 {249, 266, 269}

partner Î

 {A5, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, E9, F1, F2, F3, F5, F6, F7}

The  aggregates  other  business  services (268),  services  (200)  and  current  account  (993)  were  then
recalculated to take into account these Z8 reallocations.

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Percentage of intervention for Finland

Period: 2000 - 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
8
2
880

GBR
23
51
2
2346

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

4%
5%

Item

Years

Items Partners

270, 271
249, 266, 269, partner Z8
Partner 7Z
TOTAL

2

2

8

Total 
ITS
32

32

Years

Items Partners

2
2

3
23

13
1

Total 
GBR
0
78
46
124

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
42%
% of intervention GBR: 22%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
  7%
% of intervention GBR: 11%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
4%
% of intervention GBR: 5%

24%
  4%

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

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Sweden

National data provider:
Sveriges Riksbank

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

A direct reporting system supported by settlements data

Main sources: Direct  reporting  companies  (including  Monetary  Financial  institutions’):  payments

through the banking system.
Settlements  reported  by  financial  institutions  and  by  accounts  holders  in  non-
resident financial institutions, international netting/clearing.

National publication:

Annual report, Sveriges Riksbank

Member State contact:

Mr Lars Forss, Mr Gunnar Blomberg

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: None

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15

GBR: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU-15

2001:

2001:

7%

30%

The data concerning the years 1992 to 2000 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services, Compilation guide”, December 2001 edition.

Intra-EU  imports  of  goods  are  allocated  geographically  according  to  country  of  consignment  from  1995
onwards.

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2001 Data

993 - Current Account
200 - Total Services
205 - Transportation
214 - Other Transport
215 - Passenger on other transport
216 - Freight on other transport
217 - Other of other transport

Eurostat  has  recalculated  the  breakdown  of  item  Other  Transport  (214)  for  credit  and  partner  A1  after
receiving a revision for the post Passenger on Road (224) without further revisions for the other posts.

new

X

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

=

(

224

new

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

224

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

)

share

(

X

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

/

214

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

+

)

X

Credit

/
SE
1/
An

where X Î

 {215, 216, 217}

n Î

 {2001}

Then  the  posts  Current  Account  (993),  Total  Services  (200)    and  Transportation  (205)  were  recalculated
taking into account the values obtained in the previous step.

Geographical breakdown

World (A1 - all entities)

Eurostat recalculated A1 as the sum of partners EU-15 (D2) and Extra EU-15 (D4).

X

SE
1/
An

å=

X

SE
/
n

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

partner Î

 {D2, D4}

n Î

 {2001}

North American Free Trade Association (B1)

Eurostat recalculated NAFTA as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

SE
1/
Bn

å=

X

SE
/
n

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

partner Î

 {CA, MX, US}

n Î

 {2001}

OECD countries (A8)

The partner zone OECD countries (A8) was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

SE
An

8/

= å

X

SE
/
n

partner

X

SE
/
n

LI

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

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where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

 {AU, CA, A5, CZ, HU, JP, KR, MX, NZ, PL, TR, US, D2, SK}

partner Î
n Î

 {2001}

Mercosur (C2)

The partner zone Mercosur (C2) was calculated as the sum of the countries making up this zone.

X

SE
Cn

2/

å=

X

SE
/
n

partner

where X Î

 {all GBR posts}

 {MX, CL, AR, BR}

partner Î
n Î

 {2001}

Extra-EU-15 not allocated (Z8)

The not allocated flows provided for extra-EU-15 (Z8) were reallocated to the extra-EU-15 partners according
to their share in the total of partner areas that integrate extra-EU-15 (D4).

X

SE
/
n

partner

=

X

SE
/
n

partner

+

X

SE
Zn

8/

993

SE
n
/
993

partner

SE
/
Dn

4

where X Î
n Î
partner Î

 {206, 236, 268, 320}
 {2001}

 {all GBR partners}

Treatment of the confidential values

Eurostat  had  to  hide  some  data  so  as  the  users  can  not  be  abble  to  recalculate  the  confidential  data
provided by Sweden.

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Percentage of intervention for Sweden

Period: 2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
55
6
1
330

GBR
23
51
1
1173

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

7%
30%

Item

Years

Items Partners

214, 215, 216, 217
World
NAFTA
OECD
MERCOSUR
Reallocation Z8
TOTAL

1

1

6

6

1

3

Total 
ITS
6
0
0
0
0
18
24

Years

Items Partners

1
1
1
1
1

23
23
23
23
6

1
1
1
1
44

Total 
GBR

23
23
23
23
264
356

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
84%
% of intervention GBR: 98%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
4%
% of intervention GBR: 0%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 31%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 30%

7%

7%

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

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United Kingdom

National data provider:

Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5

Data collection system:

The system:

A survey-based system

Main sources: Surveys conducted by the ONS, other government department and private entities

Surveys & administrative records (from the Bank of England)
Foreign trade statistics (from Customs & Excise) & INTRASTAT
Administrative records & Government accounts
Other

National publication:

Office for National Statistics “The Pink Book”

Member State contact:

Mr. Simon Humphries

New data provided to Eurostat:

2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: 1996-2000

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates:

1996-1997:  4%

ITS: percentage of intervention by Eurostat to calculate EU aggregates: 

1996-1997: 19%

1998-1999:  7%

2000-2001:  7%

1998-1999: 19%

2000-2001: 19%

The data concerning the years 1992 to 1995 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publication
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-2000”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can
be found in the “International Trade in Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

1996 - 2001 data

The  calculations  (of  partner  zones)  below  have  been  done  for  all  the  items  supplied  by  UK  (almost  the
complete  level  of  detail  as  published  in  Eurostat’s  publication  “Geographical  breakdown  of  the  current
account”). In those cases where some items were missing for at least one component of the area, they were
left  blank  in  the  country’s  tables  and  estimated  for  the  calculation  of  the  EU  aggregate  only.  This  was  the
case for items  investment income (320),  income  (300) and  current account (993), for 6 geographic partner
zones (see table under caption “All GBR items: missing partners”).

Extra-EU-15 (D4):
Eurostat computed this partner by subtracting partner EU-15 (D2) from World (A1).

Other European countries (E2):
Eurostat computed this partner by subtracting partners EFTA (A5) and intra-EU (D2) from Europe (E1).

North African countries (E5):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  aggregating  the  data  available  for  Egypt  (EG),  Morocco  (MA)  and  the
residual supplied for North Africa (R9 or E5 depending on the gesmes message).

Other African countries (E6):
Eurostat computed this area by subtracting partner North African countries (E5) from partner Africa (E4).

Central American countries (E9):
Eurostat computed this area by aggregating the data available for Mexico (MX) and the residual supplied for
Central America (R3 or E9 depending on the gesmes message).

South American countries (F1):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  aggregating  the  data  available  for  Venezuela  (VE),  Argentina  (AR),  Brazil
(BR),  Chile  (CL),  Colombia  (CO),  Uruguay  (UY)  and  the  residual  supplied  for  South  America  (R8  or  F1
depending on the gesmes message).

Near and Middle East countries (F3):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  aggregating  the  data  available  for  Israel  (IL),  Iran  (IR),  Other  Near  and
Middle east countries (F5), Saudi Arabia (SA) and the residual of “Gulf Arabian countries” (coded R5 or F4
depending on the gesmes message).

Other Asian countries (F6):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  subtracting  partner  Near  and  Middle  East  countries  (F3)  from  partner  Asia
(F2).

OECD countries (A8):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  aggregating  the  OECD  Member  countries  (as  defined  in  the  BOP
Vademecum).

North American Free Trade Association (B1):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  adding  the  data  available  for  the  three  partner  countries  forming  this  area
(United States, Canada and Mexico).

Core Newly Industrializing Countries (B9):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  adding  the  data  available  for  the  four  partner  countries  forming  this  area
(Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan).

Asian NICs of the second wave of industrialisation (C1):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  adding  the  data  available  for  the  three  partner  countries  forming  this  area
(Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand).

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

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Latin American NICs of the second wave of industrialisation (C2):
Eurostat  computed  this  area  by  adding  the  data  available  for  the  four  partner  countries  forming  this  area
(Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico).

n 250 - Construction abroad;
n 251 - Construction in the compiling economy:
These  items  are  the  sub-items  of  construction  services  (249).  Eurostat  estimated  them  by  applying  the
average structure of construction services as given by 7 other Member States for partner World.

X

GB
n
/

partner

=

249

GB
n
/

partner

average

a

MS

X
249

a
An
1/
a
An

1/

where  MS = {DE, ES, IT, NL, AT, PT}

partner Î

 { A1, D2, D4, CA, US, JP}

X Î

n Î

 {250, 251}

 {1998, 1999, 2000, 2001}

270 - Merchanting:
Merchanting  was  recorded  on  a  gross  basis.  This  item  has  been  recalculated  in  net  terms,  because  it  is
considered that the value of this service is the profit or loss on the transaction, i.e., the difference between
the  purchase  price  and  the  resale  price.  The  final  purchaser  is  taken  to  be  the  only  party  paying  for  the
service.  This  amount  has  been  allocated  to  the  credit  side.  On  the  other  side,  all  debits  have  been  set  to
zero.

net
GB
credit
/
n
partner
/

270

=

270

gross
GB
credit
/
n
partner
/

gross
GB
debit
/
n
partner
/

270

net
GB
/
debit
n
partner
/

270

=

0

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, D4, CA, US, JP}

n Î

 {1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001}

271 - Other trade-related services:
This  item  was  recalculated  as  the  difference  between  merchanting  and  other  trade-related  services  (269)
and merchanting (270) in order to take into account the variation in item merchanting.

n All GBR items: missing partners
Below  is  a  “correspondence  table”  between  partners  as  defined  in  the  BOP  Vademecum  and  the  data
provided by the United Kingdom. Eurostat estimated all GBR items for the missing partners on the basis of
the equation below (see table for the definition of A and B).
For some partners, only the item investment income (320) was missing to re-compile a geographic area. This
item  was  then  estimated  by  using  the  same  procedure  (applying  the  average  breakdown  of  the  current
account), and income (300) and current account (993) were compiled accordingly.

Note:  in  the  last  gesmes  files  submitted,  some  partners  were  supplied  with  a  different  code.  In  the  table
below, S1 refers to the code used in the sending of 26/07/2002 and S2 to that of 21/08/2002.

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X

UK
/
An

=

X

UK
/
Bn

average
MS

a

993
993

a
/01
a
/01

A

B

where MS = {A3, DE, ES, FR, IT, NL, AT, PT}

A = partner area to estimate, in principle missing components in the partner to estimate

B  =  partner  area  used  as  reference,  in  principle  total  missing  components  of  the  area  which  is  one  level  of
aggregation above

X Î

 {all GBR items}

n Î

 {1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001}

PARTNER ZONES PUBLISHED BY EUROSTAT

CORRESPONDENCE WITH UK's REPORTED PARTNERS

A1
D4
D2
A5
CH
NO
E2
CZ
HU
PL
RU
TR
E4

E5

MA
E6
E7

CA
US
E9

MX
F1

AR
BR
F2

F3

F5
F6
CN

WORLD
Extra-EU-15
Intra-EU-15
EFTA (4 countries)
Switzerland
Norway
Other European countries
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Russia
Turkey
Africa

North Africa

Morocco
Other African countries
America

Canada
USA
Central American countries

Mexico
South American countries

Argentina
Brazil
Asia

Near and Middle East countries

Other Near and Middle East countries
Other Asian countries
China

A1
A1-D2
D2
A5
CH
NO
Recalculated as E1 (Europe) - D2 - A5
CZ
HU
PL
RU
TR

E4

EG + MA + (R9 (S1) or E5 (S2))
320: EG + MA + estimate [A=E5-EG-MA — B=E4-EG-MA-ZA]
MA
E4- E5

E7

CA
US
MX + (R3 (S1) or E9 (S2))
320: MX + estimate [A — B]
A = E9 - MX
B = E7 - CA - US - MX - AR - BR - CL - CO - UY - VE
MX
VE + AR + BR+ CL + CO + UY + (R8 (S1) or F1 (S2))
320: E7 - CA - US - E9
AR
BR

F2

F3= IL + IR + F5 + SA + (R5 (S1) or F4 (S2))
320: IL + IR + F5 + SA + estimate [A — B]
A = F3 - IL - IR - F5 – SA
B=F2-IL-IR-F5-SA-CN-HK-ID-IN-JP-KR-MY-PH-PK-SG-TH-TW
F5
F2 - F3
CN

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

PARTNER ZONES PUBLISHED BY EUROSTAT

CORRESPONDENCE WITH UK's REPORTED PARTNERS

IN

JP
F7

AU
NZ
7Z

A8
A9

B1
B5

B4
C7
C8
C3
B9
C1
C2
B3

C6
C9

India

Japan

Oceania and Polar regions

Australia
New Zealand
International organisations excluding the
European Union institutions

OECD countries
Countries from Central and Eastern
Europe

NAFTA
ACP countries1

OPEC
Countries from Maghreb
Countries from Mashrek
Mediterranean Basin
NICS1
NICS2A
NICS2LA
ASEAN

CIS countries
MERCOSUR

IN

JP

F7

AU
NZ
7Z

sum of individual reported partners
AL+BG+CZ+EE+HR+HU+LT+LV+PL+RO+SI+SK+YU
MK (Macedonia) and BA (Bosnia & Herzegovinia) assumed to be
negligible
CA+MX+US
ZA + estimate [A — B]
A=B5-ZA
B=(E7-AR-BR-CA-CL-CO-MX-US-UY-VE) + (E6-ZA) + (F7-AU-
NZ)
Estimate [A=B4 — B=ID+IR+SA+VE]
MA + estimate [A=C7- MA — B=(E5-MA-EG)]1
EG + estimate [A=C8-EG — B=estimated (E5-C7-EG+F5)] 1
Estimate [A=C3 — B=AL+HR+IL+SI+TR+YU+est C7 + est C8]
HK+KR+SG+TW
MY+PH+TH
AR+BR+CL+MX
MY+PH+TH+SG+ID Estimate [A — B]
A=B3-MY-PH-TH-SG-ID
B=estimated F6-MY-PH-TH-SG-ID
Estimate [A=C6 — B=BY+RU+UA]
BR + AR + UY + Estimate [A — B]
A=C9-AR-BR-UY
B=F1-AR-BR-UY

1 As defined in the BOP Vademecum, partner B5 (ACP countries) is entirely included in E7 (America) + E6 (Other African countries) + F7

(Oceania and Polar regions)

C7 (Maghreb) is entirely in E5 (North Africa)

C8 is entirely in E5-C7 (North Africa excl. Maghreb) + F5 (Oth. Near and Middle East)

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Percentage of intervention for the United Kingdom

Period: 1996-1997

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

ITS
45
5
2
450

GBR
23
47
2
2162

Item

Years

Items Partners

270, 271
320: E5, E9, F3
All GBR items: A9, B4, B5, 
C3, C7, C8, B3, C6, C9
TOTAL

Period: 1998-1999

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

2

2

5

ITS
55
6
2
660

GBR
23
47
2
2162

Item

Years

Items Partners

250, 251
270, 271
320: E5, E9, F3
All GBR items: A9, B4, B5, 
C3, C7, C8, B3, C6, C9
TOTAL

Period: 2000-2001

Total number of items
Total number of partners
Total number of years

2
2

2
2

6
6

ITS
55
6
2
660

GBR
23
49
2
2254

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

4%
19%

Total 
ITS
20

20

Years

Items Partners

2

2

1

23

3

9

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

7%
19%

Total 
ITS
24
24

48

Years

Items Partners

2

2

1

23

3

9

% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR:

7%
19%

Item

Years

Items Partners

250, 251
270, 271
320: E5, E9, F3
All GBR items: A9, B4, B5, 
C3, C7, C8, B3, C6, C9
TOTAL

2
2

2
2

6
6

Total 
ITS
24
24

48

Years

Items Partners

2

2

1

23

3

9

Total 
GBR

6

414
420

Total 
GBR

6

414
420

Total 
GBR

6

414
420

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

7%

Percentage of intervention for the year 1998 (1998 production published in 2000)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 47%
Percentage of intervention for the year 1999 (1999 production published in 2001)
% of intervention ITS:
31%
% of intervention GBR: 48%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2000 (2000 production published in 2002)
% of intervention ITS:
10%
% of intervention GBR: 27%
Percentage of intervention for the year 2001 (2001 production published in 2003)
% of intervention ITS:
% of intervention GBR: 19%

7%

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Norway

National data provider:

Statistics Norway, Division of National Accounts

Methodology applied at national level:

BPM5 and the 1993 System of National Accounts

Data collection system:

The system:

Primarily  a  transaction-based  system,  complemented  by  the  payments  based
International Transactions Reporting System of the Norges Bank

Main sources: External-trade statistics

Oil and gas statistics
Ocean transport statistics

National publication:

Weekly and Monthly Statistical Bulletins

Member State contact:

Mr Tore Halvorsen, Karin Snesrud

New data provided to Eurostat:

1995-1998, 2001

Revised data provided to Eurostat: 1999, 2000

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

1995 - 2001 data:

Minor corrections / calculations

Incorrect sign for debit flows

Eurostat changed the sign (from minus to plus) of some reported debit flows:

- 
- 

debits with partner America (E7) for all the items provided (data sent last year;
and debits with partner world for the items compensation of employees (310),  investment income  (320),
direct  investment  (330),  dividend  and  distributed  branch  profit  (332),  reinvested  earnings  and
undistributed  branch  profits (333),  portfolio  investment  income  (339),  other  investment (370),  general
government  current  transfers  (380),  other    (private)  current  transfers  (390),  and  the  capital  account
(994).

Non-reported aggregates

Eurostat recalculated some non-reported aggregates as the sum of their components:

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

other transportation (214) as the sum of space transport (218), rail transport (219), road transport (223),
inland  waterways  transport  (227),  pipeline  transport  (231)  and  other  supporting  and  auxiliary  transport
services (232), for all partners but the world,

transportation (205) as the sum of sea transport (206), air transport (210) and other transportation (214),
for all partners but the world,

services  (200),  as  the  sum  of  transportation  (205),  travel  (236),  communications  services  (245),
construction services (249), insurance services (253), financial services (260), computer and information
services (262),  royalties  and  licenses  fees  (266),  other  business  services  (268),  personal,  cultural  and
recreational services (287) and government services, n.i.e. (291) for all partners but the world,

current  account  (993)  as  the  sum  of  goods (100),  services (200),  income  (300)  and  current  transfers
(379), for all partners.

the  net  financial  account  (995)  with  partner  world  was  taken  from  the  IMF’s  balance  of  payments
database.

As regards aggregates relating to the geographical breakdown, the following partner areas were compiled as
the sum of their Member States:

- 

- 

- 

the European Union as the sum of Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France,
Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom;

the  euro-zone  as  the  sum  of  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Germany,  Greece  (from  2001  onwards),  Spain,
France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland;

the EFTA as the sum of Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

Coding errors for 1999 and 2000

As was indicated by Norway, the area “Oceania and polar regions” (code F7) was recalculated as Australia
(AU)  +  New  Zealand  (NZ)  +  the  reported  code  E7,  corresponding  to  “Oceania  and  other  territories  (excl.
Australia and New Zealand)”.

The  area  “America”  (Eurostat’s  code  E7)  was  then  calculated  as  Canada  (CA)  +  USA  (US)  +  Central
American countries (E9) + South American countries (F1).

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Computer and information services

Information services  (264)  “are  most  likely  included  in  263  computer  services.”  We  therefore  hid  the  latter
data to show only the aggregate computer and information services (262) in our publications.

Geographical breakdown:

In  1999  and  2000,  world  data  (A1)  underwent  downward  revisions.  For  some  items,  this  caused  the
aggregated  geographical  breakdown  (EU  (D2)  +  EFTA  (A5)  +  Other  Europe  (E2)  +  Africa  (E4)  +  America
(E7)  +  Asia  (F2)  +  Oceania  and  Polar  regions  (F7))  to  become  much  bigger  than  the  reported  total  world
figure  (negative  world  not  allocated  geographically  (code  Z5)).  The  items  concerned  were  goods (100),
income (300), sea transport (206).

In  these  cases,  Eurostat  corrected  the  geographical  breakdown  by  distributing  the  negative  “world  not
allocated  geographically”  (Z5)  among  each  partner,  according  to  its  weight  in  the  aggregate  geographical
breakdown.

corrected

X

NO
/
n

partner

=

X

original
NO
/
n

partner

+

original
NO
X
5/
Zn

original
NO
/
n

partner

X

original
NO
/
n

partner

X
M

partner

where

partner Î

 {all partners but the world}

M = {D2, A5, E2, E4, E7, F2, F7}

X Î

X Î

 {credit 300, credit 206, credit 100, debit 100} for n Î

 {1999}

 {credit 300, credit 206, debit 206, credit 100, debit 100} for n Î

 {2000}

Oceania and Polar region (F7)

This partner is missing for 2001 while it was available for 1999 and 2000 in last year data sending.

Eurostat plan to estimate this partner by applying the share for previous years of Oceania and polar regions
(F7) in the world (A1) to 2001 figures.

X

NO
7/01
F

=

X

NO
1/01
A

average

X
X

NO
7/
Fn
NO
1/
An

where  n Î
X Î

 {1999, 2000}

 {all GBR items}

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

United States of America

Publications used: 

US Department of Commerce  - Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of
Economic Analysis “Survey of Current Business”, October 2002

International Monetary Fund “Balance of Payments Yearbook”

New data used by Eurostat:

2001

Revised data used by Eurostat:

1999 - 2000

The data concerning the years 1990 to 1998 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat publications
“International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-00”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current Account: EU,
1997-00”. The estimation procedures carried out for these years can be found in the “International Trade in
Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

Intra-EU (D2),

Note: For some partners, marked with a “*” in the list below, only the breakdown of “private services”
(broadly “services - government services”) was available, meaning that goods, income, current transfers and
the current account are not presented.
The partners of the USA shown in Eurostat’s publications are:
ü  World (A1),
ü 
ü  Extra-EU (D4, calculated as World - Intra-EU)
ü  Switzerland* (CH),
ü  Norway* (NO),
ü  Africa* (E4),
ü  South Africa (ZA),
ü  America (E7, calculated as Canada + “Latin America and other Western Hemisphere”),
ü  Canada (CA),
ü  Mexico (MX),
ü  Argentina* (AR),
ü  Brazil* (BR),
ü  Chile* (CL),
ü  Venezuela* (VE),
ü 
Israel* (IL),
ü  Hong Kong* (HK),
ü 
Indonesia* (ID),
ü  Republic of Korea* (KR),
ü  Malaysia* (MY),
ü  Philippines* (PH),
ü  Singapore* (SG),
ü  Taiwan* (TW),
ü  Thailand* (TH),
ü  China* (CN),
India* (IN),
ü 
ü  Japan (JP),
ü  Australia (AU),
ü  New Zealand* (NZ),
ü 
ü  NAFTA (B1 calculated as Canada+Mexico),
ü  NICs1* (B9 calculated as Hong-Kong + Republic of Korea + Singapore + Taiwan),
ü  NICs2A* (C1 calculated as Malaysia + Philippines + Thailand),
ü  and NICs2LA* (C2 calculated as Argentina + Brazil + Chile + Mexico).

International organisations (7Z “International organisations and unallocated”),

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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

DATA USED BY EUROSTAT FOR THE COMPILATION OF US DATA

Source: survey of current business
1.- Goods, adjusted, excluding military
2.- Services

2.1.- Transfers under US agency  military sales contracts (credit)
        Direct defense expenditures (debit)
2.2.- Private services

2.2.1.- Travel
2.2.2.- Passenger fares
2.2.3.- Other transportation
2.2.3.1.- Freight

2.2.3.1.1.- Ocean
2.2.3.1.2.- Air
2.2.3.1.3.- Other
2.2.3.2.- Port services
2.2.3.1.1.- Ocean
2.2.3.1.2.- Air
2.2.3.1.3.- Other

2.2.4.- Royalties and license fees

2.2.4.1.- Affiliated
2.2.4.2.- Unaffiliated

2.2.4.2.1.- Industrial processes
2.2.4.2.2.- Books, records and tapes
2.2.4.2.3.- Broadcasting and recording of live events
2.2.4.2.4.- Franchise fees
2.2.4.2.5.- Trademarks
2.2.4.2.6.- Other

2.2.5.- Other private services
2.2.5.1.- Affiliated

2.2.5.1.1.- Financial services (partner World only)
2.2.5.1.2.- Computer and information services (partner World only)
2.2.5.1.3.- Management and consulting services (partner World only)
2.2.5.1.4.- Film and tape rentals (partner World only)
2.2.5.1.5.- Operational leasing (partner World only)

2.2.5.2.- Unaffiliated

2.2.5.2.1.- Education
2.2.5.2.2.- Financial services
2.2.5.2.3.- Insurance, net
2.2.5.2.4.- Telecommunications
2.2.5.2.5.- Business, professional, and technical services

2.2.5.2.5.1.- Advertising
2.2.5.2.5.2.- Computer and data processing services
2.2.5.2.5.3.- Data base and other information services
2.2.5.2.5.4.- Research, development and testing services
2.2.5.2.5.5.- Management, consulting, and public relations services
2.2.5.2.5.6.- Legal services
2.2.5.2.5.7.- Construction, engineering, architectural, and mining services
2.2.5.2.5.8.- Industrial engineering
2.2.5.2.5.9.- Installation, maintenance and repair of equipment
2.2.5.2.5.10.- Other

2.2.5.2.5.10.1- Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.2.- Agricultural services (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.3.- Mailing, reproduction and commercial art (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.4.- Management of health care facilities (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.5.- Medical services (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.6.- Miscellaneous disbursements (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.7.- Operational leasing (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.8.- Personnel supply services (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.9.- Sports and performing arts (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.10.- Training services (partner World only)
2.2.5.2.5.10.11- Other business, professional and technical services (partner World only)

2.2.5.2.6.- Other unaffiliated services

Addendum: Film and tape rentals (included in affiliated and other unaffiliated services)

2.3.- US government miscellaneous services

3.- Income 

receipts on US assets abroad (credit)
payments on foreign assets in the United States (debit)
compensation of employees

4.- Unilateral current transfers, net
5.- Balance of current account
6.- Capital account transactions
7.- Financial account
8.- Statistical discrepancy

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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Correspondence table from the U.S.A. format to Eurostat format 

Eurostat practise

Goods, adjusted, excluding military

+ 160 "Repairs on goods" taken from
the IMF YB

Services
- 160 "Repairs on goods"  (from IMF
YB)

Passenger fares
+ Other transportation

207 + 208 + 209
Figure taken from IMF YB

OT_freight_ocean

OT_port services_ocean

211 + 212 + 213
Figure taken from IMF YB

OT_freight_air
OT_port services_air

215+216+217
blank

OT_Freight_other

OT_Port services_other

blank
blank

blank
blank
blank
blank
237+240

taken from IMF YB

241+242+243

Eurostat classification
Label
Code
GOODS
100

200

SERVICES

205

 Transportation

part 

of  OPS_BPT_installation,

Survey of current business
Corresponding items
Goods, adjusted, excluding military
+  part  of  OT_Port  services_total
(corresponding to 170 "Goods procured
in ports by carriers")
+ 
maintenance and repair of equipments
(160 "Repairs on goods" )
Services
- part of OT_Port services_total (170
"Goods procured in ports by carriers")
- part of OPS_BPT_installation,
maitenance and repair of equipments
(160 "Repairs on goods" )
Passenger fares + Other transportation
- part of OT_port services_total (170
"Goods procured in ports by carriers")
207 + 208 + 209
Part of passenger fares

OT_freight_ocean

OT_port services_ocean
- part of OT_port services_ocean (170
"Goods procured in ports by carriers")
211 + 212 + 213
Part of passenger fares

OT_port services_air
- part of OT_port services_air(170
"Goods procured in ports by carriers")
215+216+217

Not available

OT_Freight_other

OT_Port  services_other 
OT_port  services_other(170 
procured in ports by carriers")

-  part  of
"Goods

  Sea transport
    Passenger transport
    on sea
    Freight transport on
    sea
    Supporting, auxiliary
    and other

  Other transportation
     Passenger on other
     transport
     Freight on other
     transport
     Other on other
      transport

  Air transport
    Passenger transport
    on air
    Freight transport on air OT_freight_air
    Supporting, auxiliary
    and other

   Space transport
   Rail transport

Not available
Not available
Not available
   Road transport
   Inland waterways trans. Not available
   Pipeline transport
Not available
   Other supp, aux & trans Not available

Travel
 Business travel

 Personal travel

237+240

part of OPS_unaff_other

241+242+243

Abbreviations used

OT 
RALF
OPS
BPT
aff/unaff
IMF YB 

Other transportation
Royalties and license fees
Other private services
Business, professional and technical services
Affiliated/ unaffiliated
IMF Balance of Payments statistic Yearbook

- 111 -

206
207

208

209

210
211

212
213

214
215

216

217

218
219
223
227
231
232
236

237

240

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

Eurostat classification
Cod
e
241

Label
   Health-related expend.

Survey of current business
Corresponding items
OPS_unaff_medical services

Eurostat practise

OPS_unaff_medical services

242

243

981
245
246
247

249

250
251

253

257

260

262
263

   Education-related exp.

OPS_unaff_education

OPS_unaff_education

   Other personal travel

Travel+OPS_unaff_training services

Travel+OPS_unaff_training services

 Other services
  Communications serv.
   Postal and courier serv.
   Telecommunication
   serv.
  Construction services

   Construction abroad
   Construction in the
   compiling economy
  Insurance services

200 – 205 – 236 – 982
246 + 247
part of US gvt miscellaneous services
OPS_Unaff_telecommunications

200 – 205 – 236 – 982
246 + 247
taken from IMF YB
OPS_Unaff_telecommunications

part  of  OPS_unaff_BPT_  Construction,
engineering,  architectural  and  mining
services
+ part of  OPS_unaff_BPT_Installation,
maintenance and repair of equipements
credit 249
debit 249

OPS_unaff_BPT_Construction,
engineering, architectural and mining
services

credit 249 (IMF YB)
debit 249 (IMF YB)

OPS_unaff_insurance_net

OPS_unaff_insurance_net

    Reinsurance

OPS_unaff_reinsurance_net

  Financial services

  Comp. & info. services
   Computer services

264

   Information services

266

268
269

270
271

272

273

274

275

278

279

  Royalties and licence
  fees

  Other business services
   Merch. and other
   trade-related serv.
    Merchanting
    Other trade-related
    services
   Operational leasing

   Misc. business, pro.
   and tech. serv.
    Legal, accounting,
    management
    consulting and public
    relations services

     Legal services

    Advertising, market
    research & polling
    Research and
    development serv.

OPS_unaff_fin_serv
+OPS_aff_fin_serv.
263 + 264
OPS_unaff_BPT_computer and data
processing services+ part of
OPS_aff_comp. & info. services

OPS_unaff_BPT_data base and other
information services+ part of
OPS_aff_comp. & info. services
Royalties and licence fees total
- RALF_broadcasting and recording of
live events (part of 288 "audio-visual
and related services")
269 + 272 + 273
Included in OPS_unaff_BPT_other

OPS_unaff_reinsurance_net
OPS_unaff_fin_serv
+OPS_aff_fin_serv.

263 + 264
OPS_unaff_BPT_computer  and  data
processing 
services  +  part  of
OPS_aff_comp. & info. services

OPS_unaff_BPT_data base and other
information services+ part of
OPS_aff_comp. & info. services
Royalties and licence fees total
- RALF_broadcasting and recording
of live events (part of  288 "audio-
visual and related services")
269 + 272 + 273
Blank

see 269
see 269

Blank
Blank

OPS_unaff_BPT_operational
leasing+OPS_aff_operational leasing
268 - 269 - 272

OPS_unaff_BPT_operational
leasing+OPS_aff_operational leasing
268 - 269 - 272

OPS_unaff_BPT_accounting,  auditing
and bookkeeping
+OPS_unaff_BPT_legal services
+OPS_unaff_BPT_management
consulting, and public relations serv.
+Management of health-care facilities
+OPS_aff_BPT_management
consulting serv.
OPS_unaff_BPT_legal services

OPS_unaff_BPT_accounting, auditing
and bookkeeping
+OPS_unaff_BPT_legal services
+OPS_unaff_BPT_management
consulting, and public relations serv.
+Management of health-care facilities
+OPS_aff_BPT_management
consulting serv.
OPS_unaff_BPT_legal services

OPS_unaff_BPT_advertising+ part of
OPS_unaff_BPT_other (polling)

OPS_unaff_BPT_advertising

OPS_unaff_BPT_research,
development and testing
services+OPS_aff_research,
development and testing

- 112 -

OPS_unaff_BPT_research,
development 
services+OPS_aff_research,
development and testing

and 

testing

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Eurostat classification
Label
Code
    Architectural,
280
    engineering and
    other technical
    services
    Agricultural, mining
    and on-site
    processing services

281

284
285

    Other
    Services between
    affiliated
    enterprises, n.i.e.

287

288

289

291

292

293

  Personal, cultural and
  recreational services
   Audio-visual and
   related services

   Other pers. cultural and
   Recreational

  Government services,
  n.i.e.
   Embassies and
   consulates

   Military units and
   agencies

294

   Other gov. serv. n.i.e.

 Services not allocated
INCOME
 Compensation of
 Employees
 Investment income

982
300
310

320

379
993
994
995
998

Survey of current business
Corresponding items
part  of  OPS_unaff_BPT_  Construction,
engineering,  architectural  and  mining
services  +  OPS_unaff_BPT_industrial
engineering
Agricultural services
+  part  of  OPS_unaff_Construction,
engineering,  architectural  and  mining
services ("mining sevices")
+ part of  OPS_unaff_BPT_Installation,
maintenance and repair of equipements
("on-site processing")
+ part of OPS_unaff_BPT_other BPT
273 – 274 - 278 - 279 - 280 - 281 - 285
OPS_affiliated services
-part of OPS_addendum_film and tape
 rentals
-OPS_aff_fin_serv
-OPS_aff_comp. & info. services
-OPS_aff_operational leasing
-OPS_aff_BPT_management
consulting serv
-OPS_aff_research, development and
testing
288 + 289

Part of OPS_unaff_BPT_miscellaneous
disbursements
+ RALF_broadcasting and recording of
live events
+ OPS_addendum_film and tape
rentals
Part of OPS_unaff_BPT_miscellaneous
disbursements
+ OPS_unaff_BPT_sports and
performing art
292+293+294

US  gvt  miscellaneous  services  -  part
corresponding  to  "postal  and  courier
services"
Debit:
Direct defense expenditures
Credit:
transfers under US military agency sale
contracts
Credit:
part of OPS_unaff_other unaff services
(corresponding to the expenditures of
foreign governments and international
organisations in the US), calculated
thanks to the IMF YB
Blank
310 + 320
Compensation of employees

Credit:
Income receipts on US assets abroad
Debit:
Income payments on foreign assets in
the US

Eurostat practise

OPS_unaff_BPT_industrial
engineering

Agricultural services
+ Installation, maintenance and repair
of equipments (corrected by 160
"repairs on goods")

273- 274 - 278 - 279 - 280 - 281 - 285
OPS_affiliated services
-part of OPS_addendum_film and
  tape rentals
-OPS_aff_fin_serv
-OPS_aff_comp. & info. services
-OPS_aff_operational leasing
-OPS_aff_BPT_management
consulting serv
-OPS_aff_research, development
and testing

288+289

OPS_unaff_BPT_miscellaneous
disbursements
+ RALF_broadcasting and recording
of live events
+ OPS_addendum_film and tape
rentals
OPS_unaff_BPT_sports and
Performing art

292+293+294

US  gvt  miscellaneous  services  -  part
corresponding  to  "postal  and  courier
services"
Debit:
Direct defense expenditures
Credit:
transfers under US military agency
sale contracts
Credit:
part 
of  OPS_unaff_other 
unaff
the
(corresponding 
services 
expenditures  of  foreign  governments
and  international  organisations  in  the
US), calculated thanks to the IMF YB
Blank
310 + 320
Compensation of employees

to 

Credit:
Income receipts on US assets abroad
Debit:
Income payments on foreign assets in
the US
Gross flows taken from the IMF YB
100 + 200 + 300 + 379
Capital account transactions

- 993 - 994 - 995

CURRENT TRANSFERS Unilateral current transfers, net
Balance of the current account
CURRENT ACCOUNT
Capital account transactions
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
Financial account
FINANCIAL ACCOUNT
Statistical discrepancy
NET  ERRORS  AND
OMISSIONS

- 113 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

1999 to 2001 data

Sub-items of Other business, professional and technical services:
These items were provided for partner World only. Eurostat estimated their geographical breakdown in order
to produce or correct other items, namely:
ü  Travel (236) includes "Medical services" and "Training services".
ü  Operational leasing (272) (only partners World, intra-EU, Canada and Japan).
ü  Legal  accounting,  management  consulting  and  public  relations  services  (274)  includes  "Accounting,
auditing  and  bookkeeping"  and  "Management  of  health  care  facilities"  (only  partners  World,  intra-EU,
Canada and Japan).

ü  Audio-visual and related services (288) includes "Miscellaneous disbursements".
ü  Other personal, cultural and recreational services (289) is "Sports and performing arts".
The  geographical  breakdown  of  these  sub-items  (in  the  US  classification)  was  estimated  by  using  the
average  share  of  each  partner  in  the  World  as  given  for  "Other  business,  professional  and  technical
services" (referred to as 284 in the formula below)

X

US
/
n

partner

=

X

US
1/
An

284

US
n
/
284

partner

US
1/
An

÷
÷

where X Î

 {US sub items of "Other business, professional and technical services"}

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

Sub-items  of  "Other  private  services,  Affiliated"  (included  in  the  corresponding  item  Services
between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e. - 285):
In the US classification, some items were provided with affiliated flows and for partner World only. Eurostat
estimated  their  geographical  breakdown  in  order  to  correct  the  corresponding  unaffiliated  items  in
conformance with the Eurostat BOP classification, namely:
ü 
ü 

“Financial services, affiliated”, corresponding to item Financial services (260)
“Computer  and  Information  services,  affiliated”,  corresponding  to  item  Computer  and  Information
services (262)
“Operational  leasing,  affiliated”  corresponding  to  item  Operational  leasing  (272  -  only  partners  World,
intra-EU, Canada and Japan)
“Management  and  consulting  services,  affiliated”  included  to  item  Legal  accounting,  management
consulting and public relations services (274 - only partners World, intra-EU, Canada and Japan)
“Research,  development  and  testing  services,  affiliated”  corresponding  to  item  Research  and
development services (279)

ü 

ü 

ü 

The  geographical  breakdown  of  these  sub-items  (in  the  US  classification)  was  estimated  by  using  the
average share of each partner in the World as given for "Other private services, affiliated" (corresponding to
item services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e.; - 285):

affiliated
US
/
n

partner

X

=

X

US
1/
An

285

US
n
/
285

partner

US
1/
An

÷
÷

where X Î

 {US sub items of "Other private services, affiliated"}

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

- 114 -

  
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Afterwards, the total (Affiliated+Unaffiliated) amounts were calculated by summing the affiliated items to the
corresponding unaffiliated items in order to obtain the corrected Eurostat BOP items. The affiliated amounts
were after subtracted to the original item services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e (285).

100 - Goods:

"Repairs  on  goods"  (item  160)  was  included  in  the  US  item  "Installation,  maintenance  and  repairs  of
equipment".  This  figure  was  taken  from  the  IMF  Yearbook  for  partner  World,  and  Eurostat  estimated  its
geographical  breakdown  in  order  to  correct  "Goods,  adjusted,  excluding  military"  and  "Services".  The
geographical breakdown of "repairs on goods" was estimated by using the average share of each partner in
the  World  as  given  for  "Installation,  maintenance  and  repairs  of  equipment"  (referred  to  as  281  in  the
following equation). This estimation has been done for all partners (even when “Goods” was not available),
at least to correct item 281.

160

US
/
n

partner

=

160

US
1/
An

281

US
n
/
281

partner

US
1/
An

÷
÷

where

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

207 - Passenger transport on sea;
211 - Passenger transport by air:
The breakdown of US item "Passenger fares" (referred to as 970 in the equation below) between passenger
transport on sea (207) and  passenger transport by air (211) was available only with partner World. Eurostat
estimated these two items for other partners by using their share in "Passenger fares" as provided for partner
World.

X

US
/
n

partner

=

970

US
/
n

partner

X
970

US
1/
An
US
1/
An

÷
÷

where X Î

 {207, 211}

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

236 - Travel:

"Business  travel"  (item  237)  was  included  in  the  US  item  "Other  unaffiliated  services  of  other  private
services". The figure for "business travel" was taken from the IMF Yearbook for partner World, and Eurostat
estimated its geographical breakdown in order to correct "Travel". The geographical breakdown of "Business
travel" was estimated by using the average share of each partner in the World as given for "Other unaffiliated
services of other private services" (referred to as 982 in the following equation).

237

US
/
n

partner

=

237

US
1/
An

982

US
n
/
982

partner

US
1/
An

÷
÷

where

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

- 115 -

ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
ø
ö
ç
ç
è
æ
´
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

246 - Postal and courier services:
This item was included in the US item "US government miscellaneous services". The figure for  postal  and
courier services was taken from the IMF Yearbook for partner World, and Eurostat estimated its geographical
breakdown  by  using  the  average  share  of  each  partner  in  the  World  as  given  for  "US  government
miscellaneous services" (referred to as 292 in the following equation).

246

US
/
n

partner

=

246

US
1/
An

292

US
n
/
292

partner

US
1/
An

÷
÷

where

partner Î

 {D2, CH, NO, E4, ZA, E7, CA, MX, AR, BR, CL, VE, IL, HK, ID, KR, MY, PH, SG, TW, TH, CN, IN, JP,

AU, NZ, 7Z, B1, B9, C1, C2}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

Addendum: “Film and tape rentals” (partially included in item Services between affiliated enterprises,
n.i.e. - 285):

The US addendum "Film and tape rentals" was originally included partly in "Affiliated other private services"
(corresponding to item services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e. - referred to as 285) and partly in "Other
of unaffiliated other private services” - referred to as 982 in the equation below). With the new provision of
"Film and tape rentals, affiliated" (partner World), Eurostat estimated first the part of "Film and tape rentals,
unaffiliated" (referred to as 956 unaffiliated) that was included in "Other of unaffiliated other private services"
by  using  the  share  of  982  for  each  partner  in  the  World  (the  formula  below  describe  the  procedure).
Afterwards, item 285 was corrected accordingly for the amounts imputed to "Film and tape rentals, affiliated"
in  order  to  take  into  account  the  classification  of  "Film  and  tape  rentals"  in  item  audiovisual  and  related
services (288).

ed

unaffiliat
US
/
n

956

partner

=

total
US
1/
An

956(

affiliated
US
956
1/
An

)

982

US
/
n

partner

982

US
1/
An

corrected
US
n
/

285

partner

=

285

US
n
/

partner

(

956

total
US
n
/

partner

ed

unaffiliat
US
n
/

956

partner

)

where

partner Î

 {A1, D2, CA, JP}

n Î

 {1999, 2000, 2001}

total = Affiliated+Unaffiliated

- 116 -

  
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ç
è
æ
´
ï
þ
ï
ý
ü
ï
î
ï
í
ì
ú
ú
ú
û
ù
ê
ê
ê
ë
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COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

Japan

Source:

Bank of Japan “Balance of Payments Monthly” (April 2002)

Methodology applied at the national level:

BPM5

New data used by Eurostat:

2001

Revised data used by Eurostat:

None

The data concerning the years 1985 to 1991 correspond to historical data converted by Eurostat from BPM4
to  BPM5. The data concerning the years 1992 to 2000 correspond to the figures published in the Eurostat
publications “International Trade in Services: EU, 1991-2000”, and “Geographical Breakdown of the Current
Account:  EU,  1997-2000”.  The  estimation  procedures  carried  out  for  these  years  can  be  found  in  the
“International Trade in Services, Compilation Guide”, December 2001 edition.

2001 Data

995 - Financial account:

Japan calculates the financial account as excluding reserve assets (802). Eurostat has reclassified reserve
assets under the financial account.

010 - Capital and current account:
This item refers to Japan’s reported current account (993) and capital account (994) items.

Geographical breakdown issues:
The extra-EU-15 partner zone (D4) was calculated as the difference between the World figure (A1) and the
intra-EU-15 figure (D2).
Partner zones America (E7), NAFTA (B1), Asia (F2), NICS1 (B9) and NICS2A (C1) were calculated as the
sum of the countries making up these zones.

- 117 -

- 119 -

COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

ANNEX 1

PUBLISHED BOP ITEMS

CODE

LABEL ITEM

100

200

205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
223
227
231
232

236
237
240
241
242
243

981

245
246
247
249
250
251
253
254
255
256
257
258
260
262
263
264
266

GOODS

SERVICES

Transportation
Sea transport

Passenger transport on sea
Freight transport on sea
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Air transport

Passenger transport by air
Freight transport by air
Supporting, auxiliary and other services

Other transportation

    Passenger on other transport
    Freight on other transport
    Other of other transport
Space transport
Rail transport
Road transport
Inland waterways transport
Pipeline transport
Other supporting and auxiliary transport services

Travel

Business travel
Personal travel

Health related expenditures
Education related expenditure
Other personal travel

Other services

Communications services

Postal and courier services
Telecommunication services

Construction services
Construction abroad
Construction in the compiling economy

Insurance services

Life insurance and pension funding
Freight insurance
Other direct insurance
Reinsurance
Auxiliary services

Financial services
Computer and information services

Computer services
Information services

Royalties and licence fees

- 121 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

CODE
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278

279
280
281
282
283
284
285
287
288
289
291
292
293
294
982

300

310
320

379

993

994

010

995

998

LABEL ITEM

Other business services
Merchanting and other trade-related services
Merchanting
Other trade-related services
Operational leasing
Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services
Legal, accounting, management, consultancy and public relations services
    Legal services
    Accounting, auditing, book-keeping and tax consulting services
    Business and management consultancy, public relation services
Advertising, market research and public opinion polling ser
vices
Research and development services
Architectural, engineering and other technical services
Agricultural, mining and on-site processing
    Waste treatment and depolution
    Other agricultural, mining and on-site processing
Other
Services between affiliated enterprises, n.i.e.

Personal, cultural and recreational services

Audio-visual and related services
Other personal, cultural and recreational

Government services, n.i.e.
Embassies and consulates
Military units and agencies
Other government services n.i.e.

Services not allocated

INCOME

Compensation of employees
Investment Income

CURRENT TRANSFERS

CURRENT ACCOUNT

CAPITAL ACCOUNT

CURRENT + CAPITAL ACCOUNT

FINANCIAL ACCOUNT

NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS

- 122 -

  
COMPILATION GUIDE 

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES 

ANNEX 2

PUBLISHED BOP GEONOMENCLATURE

CODE

GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN

A1
D4
D2
U4
U2
A2
A4
A5
CH
NO
E2
BG
CY
CZ
EE
HU
LT
LV
MT
PL
RO
RU
SI
SK
TR
E4
E5
EG
MA
E6
ZA
E7
CA
US
E9
MX
F1
AR
BR
CL
CO
VE
F2
F3
F5
F6
CN
HK
ID

WORLD
Extra-EU-15
Intra-EU-15
Extra-EUR-11
Intra-EUR-11
Intra-EU-12
Extra-EU-12
EFTA (4 countries)

Switzerland
Norway

Other European countries

Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Lithuania
Latvia
Malta
Poland
Romania
Russia
Slovenia
Slovakia
Turkey

Africa

North Africa

Egypt
Morocco

Other African countries

South Africa

America
Canada
USA
Central American countries

Mexico

South American countries

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Venezuela

Asia

Near and Middle East countries

Other Near and Middle East countries

Other Asian countries

China
Hong Kong
Indonesia

- 123 -

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS - INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES

COMPILATION GUIDE

CODE

GEOGRAPHICAL BREAKDOWN

IN
JP
KR
MY
PH
SG
TW
TH
F7
AU
NZ
7Z
Z1/Z3
A8
A9
B1
B2
B5
B4
C3
C7
C8
B9
C1
C2
B3
C6
C9
D6
D7

India
Japan
Korea, republic of (South Korea)
Malaysia
Philipinnes
Singapore
Taiwan, Province of China
Thailand

Oceania and Polar regions

Australia
New Zealand

International organisations excluding the European Union institutions
World not allocated (for EU-15 and EUR-11 respectively)
OECD countries
Countries from Central and Eastern Europe
NAFTA
Latin America
ACP countries
OPEC
Mediterranean Basin
Countries from Maghreb
Countries from Mashrek
NICS1
NICS2A
NICS2LA
ASEAN
CIS countries
MERCOSUR
Acceding countries
Mediterranean countries in the Euo-Mediterranean Partnership

- 124 -