Annual European Community Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2000 and Inventory Report 2002 submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat.
Date: 2003-08-12
Institutions: European Environment Agency, Eurostat, Joint Research Centre
Subjects: EU Member State, air quality, environmental monitoring, environmental statistics, greenhouse gas, report, statistical method

1

Technical report

75

Annual European Community
greenhouse gas inventory
1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Submission to the UNFCCC secretariat

Prepared by:
Bernd Gugele and Manfred Ritter
ETC on air and climate change

With input from:
European Commission (Eurostat,
Joint Research Centre)

Project manager:
André Jol
European Environment Agency

2

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Cover design: Rolf Kuchling, EEA
Layout: Brandenborg a/s

Legal notice

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or other European Communities institutions. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any 
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the information contained in this report.

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It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int)

©EEA, Copenhagen, 2002

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged

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ISBN: 92-9167-417-6

European Environment Agency
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DK-1050 Copenhagen K
Tel. (45) 33 36 71 00
Fax  (45) 33 36 71 99
E-mail: eea@eea.eu.int
Internet: http://www.eea.eu.int

Contents

Contents

3

1.

Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.1. Aim of the EC inventory report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.2. Structure of the EC inventory report   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.3. Changes with respect to previous years  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. EC GHG inventory system  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1. The EC monitoring mechanism  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2.

Institutional arrangements for the compilation of the EC GHG inventory 
2.2.1. The EC Member States  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2.2. The European Commission, Directorate-General for the 

Environment (DG ENV)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2.3. The European Environment Agency (EEA)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2.4. The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC-ACC)  . 

2.2.5. Eurostat  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2.6. Joint Research Centre (JRC)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.3. Further improvements of the EC inventory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2.3.1. Actions taken in response to the UNFCCC review  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.3.2. Future plans regarding improvements of the EC inventory system  . . 

3. EC GHG emission trends  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.1. Total GHG emissions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.3. Trends by gases   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.3. Trends by sources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.4. Trends by Member States  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.1. Data basis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
4.1.1 Member States GHG submissions 2002  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.1.2.  Data gaps and gap filling procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.1.3. Data basis of the EC GHG inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2. Recalculations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.3. Reference approach   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
4.3.1. Reference approach for EC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.3.2. Comparison of EC reference approach with MS sectoral approach . . 

6

6

6

7

8

8

9
11

11

12

12

12

12

13
13

13

14

14

15

15

16

17

17
17

19

20

22

24
24

25

4.3.3. Comparison of EC reference approach with MS reference approaches  26

4.4.

International bunkers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.5. Emissions and removals from LUCF   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6. Methodologies, emission factors and activity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.7. Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

26

26

26

27

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Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

4.8. Key source analysis and additional CRF information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
4.8.1. Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8.2. Industrial processes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8.3. Agriculture  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.8.4. Waste  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9. Quality assessment/quality control  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
4.9.1. The procedure of initial checks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9.2. Review by EC Member States  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9.3. The EC GHG trends report  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.9.4. Overview of QA/QC procedures in place at MS level . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.10. Differences between EU submission and MS submissions in 2001  . . . . . 

4.11. Software tools provided by EEA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.12. Completeness of the EC inventory  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

28
30

35

38

40

40
40

41

41

41

43

45

45

References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

46

Units and abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

48

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

50

Annex B: Status reports

(published on CD-ROM and the EEA web site only)

Annex C: CRF Tables Summary 1.A for the EC Member States
(published on CD-ROM and the EEA web site only)

Annex D: Member States CRF Tables including Member States inventory reports

(published on CD-ROM and the EEA web site only)

Contents

5

Title of Inventory

Contact Names

Organisation

Address European Commission

Annual European Community greenhouse gas 
inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Jos Delbeke, Marianne Wenning, Lars Müller 
(Environment DG)
André Jol, Andreas Barkman (EEA), 
Manfred Ritter, Bernd Gugele (ETC/ACC)

European Commission, Environment DG
European Environment Agency, EEA

European Commission
Directorate-General for the Environment
BU9 5/163
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium

Fax:

Tel:

E-mail:

Address European Environment Agency

Tel :

Fax :

E-mail :

(32-2) 296 99 70

(32-2) 299 05 65

env-climate@cec.eu.int

Kongens Nytorv 6
DK–1050 Copenhagen
Denmark

(45) 33 36 71 00

(45) 33 36 71 99

andre.jol@eea.eu.int

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Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

1. Introduction

1.1. Aim of the EC inventory report

This report serves as the annual submission of the European Community (EC) to the 
UNFCCC. It presents the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory of the EC, the EC GHG inventory 
process and methods and GHG inventory data of its individual Member States (MS) for 1990–
2000. The GHG inventory data of the EC MS are the basis of the EC GHG inventory; they are 
provided in this report in order to make the data basis of the EC GHG inventory transparent. 
Each EC Member State is Party to the UNFCCC and provides its annual national submission 
to the UNFCCC secretariat separately. The data published in this report are also the basis of 
the progress evaluation report of the European Commission (due in October 2002), required 
under Council Decision 99/296/EC for a monitoring mechanism of Community CO2 and 
other greenhouse gas emissions.

Apart from making the data basis transparent, this report aims to present transparent 
information on the process and methods of compiling the EC GHG inventory. It addresses 
the relevant aspects at EU level, but does not provide much details of the methodologies of 
the MS GHG inventories. Detailed information on methodologies is available in the national 
MS inventory reports, submitted separately to the UNFCCC secretariat. However, several 
chapters in this report refer to information provided by the MS, where considered 
appropriate and feasible. In many cases this MS information is presented in summary 
overview tables.

The EC GHG inventory has been compiled under Council Decision 99/296/EC for a 
monitoring mechanism of Community CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions (1) and is 
based on data delivered by the Member States by 5 April 2002. The EC GHG inventory is the 
direct sum of the 15 national inventories, except for the IPCC reference approach for CO2 
from fossil fuels. Since the data are revised and updated for all years, they replace EC data 
previously published, in particular, in the 2001 submission by the European Commission to 
the UNFCCC secretariat ‘Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–99’ 
(EEA, 2001a) and in the report ‘European Community and Member States greenhouse gas 
emission trends 1990–99’ (EEA, 2001b).

1.2. Structure of the EC inventory report

Chapter 2 presents the institutional, legal and procedural arrangements of the EC GHG 
inventory system. First, the Council Decision 1999/296/EC as the legal basis of the 
compilation of the EC GHG inventory is described. Then the institutions involved in the 
compilation of the EC GHG inventory and their roles are explained. Finally, future foreseen 
improvements of the EC inventory are addressed.

Chapter 3 presents the main trends of the GHG emissions in the European Union, by 
presenting GHG emissions by gases, sources and Member States.

Chapter 4 addresses the main methodological issues related to the compilation of the EC 
inventory. The chapter includes information on the data basis of the EC inventory, 
recalculations, the reference approach, international bunkers, emissions and removals from 
LUCF, methodologies used by MS, uncertainty estimates, EC key source categories and the 
contribution of each MS to these key sources, quality assurance/quality control, reasons for 
differences between the EC submission and MS submissions in 2001, software tools, and 
completeness of the EC submission.

(1) OJ L 117, 5.5.1999, p. 35.

Introduction

7

Annex A presents the CRF tables for the EU. Annex B includes the status reports for the MS 
submissions to the European Commission under Council Decision 99/296/EC in order to 
show the information basis for the EC GHG inventory 2002. Annex C includes the CRF Table 
Summary 1.A for the MS, as submitted by 5 April 2002, in order to make the data basis of the 
EC inventory transparent. Finally, Annex D includes the MS submissions in 2002 (both CRF 
tables and inventory reports).

1.3. Changes with respect to previous years

The EC submission 2002 has been extended as regards the number of CRF tables included 
and the amount of background information provided. Some important changes are as 
follows.

(cid:127) The complete set of CRF tables is provided for the EC. The summary tables and the tables 
on the reference approach, recalculations, quality of emission estimates, emission trends are 
filled in for the EC. The tables on sectoral emission and sectoral background activity data are 
not estimated for the EC (but filled in with ‘NE’ – the notation key for ‘not estimated’). The 
submission of the complete set of CRF tables is meant to increase the transparency of data 
availability for the EC. Also the status reports of the MS submissions to the European 
Commission are included in this report in order to provide an overview of the completeness 
of MS submissions.

(cid:127) Tables on recalculations have been compiled for the EC as a whole and an overview on sector 
and MS contribution to the GHG recalculations at EC level are provided in this report.

(cid:127) The IPCC reference approach for CO2 from fossil fuels has been calculated for the EU as a 

whole on the basis of Eurostat energy balance data.

(cid:127) Overview tables are presented in this report in order to summarise the information provided 
by the MS in their CRF and national inventory reports. This applies mainly to information 
on methods, emission factors, quality of emission estimates, uncertainty estimates, and QA/
QC procedures.

(cid:127) A key source analysis has been carried out for the EC in order to prioritise those source 

categories, for which overview information of MS methodologies is provided in this report. 
This analysis does not replace key source analysis performed by MS separately in their annual 
submission to the UNFCCC secretariat.

(cid:127) The CRF tables on emission trends have been compiled for the EC and a chapter on overall 
GHG trends has been included in the inventory report which briefly describes emission 
trends by gases, sources and Member States.

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Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

2. EC GHG inventory system

2.1. The EC monitoring mechanism

The legal basis of the compilation of the EC inventory is Council Decision 99/296/EC 
amending Council Decision 93/389/EC for a monitoring mechanism of Community CO2 and 
other greenhouse gas emissions (2). The purpose of this decision is to monitor all 
anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the EC 
Member States and to evaluate progress towards meeting greenhouse gas reduction 
commitments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol (KP).

Under the provisions of Article 3.2 of Council Decision 99/296/EC, the Member States shall 
report to the Commission each year, not later than 31 December:

(cid:127) their anthropogenic CO2 emissions by sources and removals by sinks for the previous 

calendar year;

(cid:127) final national inventory data on emissions by sources and removals by sinks for the other 

greenhouse gases for the previous year but one and provisional emission data (inventories) 
for the previous year.

Other greenhouse gases include the five other Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases: methane 
(CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and 
sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). In addition, annual information on emissions of the following 
gases shall be provided: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane 
volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and sulphur oxides, in line with the reporting 
requirements under the UNFCCC.

The reporting requirements for the Member States under Council Decision 99/296/EC are 
elaborated in guidelines under this decision, in particular ‘Part 1: Guidelines for Member 
States and EC annual inventories’ (European Commission, 2000). According to the decision 
and these guidelines the reporting requirements are exactly the same as for the UNFCCC, 
regarding content and format. The EC and its Member States use the ‘UNFCCC guidelines 
on reporting and review’ (document FCCC/CP/1999/7), and prepare inventory information 
in the common reporting format (CRF) and the ‘national inventory report’ that contains 
background information.

In accordance with UNFCCC guidelines, the EC and its Member States use the IPCC ‘Good 
practice guidance and uncertainty management in national greenhouse gas inventories’ 
(IPCC, 2000), which is consistent with the ‘Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national 
greenhouse gas inventories’ (IPCC, 1997). The use of this report by countries is expected to 
lead to higher quality inventories and more reliable estimates of the magnitude of absolute 
and trend uncertainties in reported greenhouse gas inventories.

Based on the data provided by the Member States, the Commission prepares the Community 
greenhouse gas inventory and circulates this to all Member States by 1 March each year. This 
procedure aims at achieving the best available Member States' data on greenhouse gas 
emissions and removals for the compilation of the final annual EC greenhouse gas inventory 
(due 15 April each year). Updating of inventory information after 31 December until 1 April 
is preferably limited to the following situations: to remove major inconsistencies, to fill major 
gaps or to provide essential additional information.

(2) OJ L 117, 5.5.1999, p. 35.

EC GHG inventory system

9

The annual EC greenhouse gas inventory is required for two purposes.

1. The annual greenhouse gas inventory submission to the UNFCCC: The European 

Community, as the only regional economic integration organisation having joined the 
UNFCCC as a Party, has to report annually on greenhouse gas inventories within the area 
covered by its Member States.

2. The progress evaluation report under Decision 99/296/EC: Under the monitoring 

mechanism, the European Commission has to assess annually, whether the actual and 
projected progress of Member States is sufficient to ensure fulfilment of the EC's 
commitments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. For this purpose, the 
Commission has to prepare a progress evaluation report, which has to be forwarded to 
the European Parliament and the Council by October each year. The annual EC 
inventory is an important element for the evaluation of actual progress.

The annual process of compilation of the EC inventory is summarised in Table 1. The time 
schedule of this process ensures the timely submission of the annual EC inventory. In 
addition, it helps to ensure consistency between the annual MS inventories submitted to the 
UNFCCC and the annual MS inventories submitted to the Commission.

Annual process of submission and review of MS inventories and compilation of the EC inventory1)

Table 1

Element 

Who

When

What

1. Submission of 

Member States

annual inventory by 
MS

31 December 
annually

2. Initial check of MS 

submissions 

European Commission 
(DG ENV, Eurostat, 
JRC), assisted by EEA/
ETC-ACC

Up to 1 March

3. Compilation and 

circulation of draft 
EC inventory and 
inventory report

4. Submission of 
updated or 
additional data by 
MS

5. Final annual EC 

inventory 

European Commission 
(DG ENV), assisted by 
EEA/ETC-ACC

1 March 

Member States

Up to 1 April

European Commission 
(DG ENV), assisted by 
EEA/ETC-ACC

15 April 

6. Additional review of 
MS submissions and 
EC inventory

European Commission 
(DG ENV, Eurostat, 
JRC), assisted by EEA/
ETC-ACC

June to 
December

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions and CO2 
removals by sinks, for the year n-1
Emissions by source and removals by 
sinks of the other greenhouse gases;
final data for the year n-2 and provisional 
data for the year n-1 2)

Initial checks (by EEA/ETC-ACC) 
Comparison of energy data in MS IPCC 
reference approach with Eurostat 
energy data (by Eurostat and MS) and 
comparison of MS and JRC’s LULUCF 
inventory estimates

Draft EC inventory (by EEA), based on 
MS inventories and additional 
information where needed
Circulation of the draft EC inventory on 
1 March 

Updated or additional data submitted 
by MS 3)

Submission of the final annual EC 
inventory to UNFCCC. This inventory 
will also be used to evaluate progress as 
part of the monitoring mechanism

Additional review aimed at improving 
the next annual MS and EC inventories 
In November Eurostat makes available 
to MS energy balance data (1990 to 
inventory year)

In accordance with Council Decision 1999/296/EC. 
In accordance with Article 3(1) and 3(2) of Council Decision 1999/296/EC.

1)
2)
3) Preferably updating is limited to the following situations: to remove major inconsistencies, to fill major gaps or 
to provide essential additional information. Documentation should be included describing which data are 
updated or are additional, compared to the submission of 31 December.

2.2.

Institutional arrangements for the compilation of the EC GHG inventory

The main institutions involved in the compilation of the EC GHG inventory are the EC 
Member States, the European Commission — Environment DG (DG ENV), the European 
Environment Agency (EEA) and its European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change 
(ETC-ACC), Eurostat, and the Joint Research Centre (JRC). Table 2 shows the main 
institutions and persons involved in the compilation and submission of the EC inventory.

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Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 2

List of institutions and experts responsible for the compilation of MS inventories and for the preparation of 
the EC inventory

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

Contact address

Manfred Ritter
Federal Environment Agency
Spittelauer Laende 5, A-1090 Vienna

Peter Wittoeck
Federal Department of the Environment
Pachecolaan 19 PB 5, B-1010 Brussels

Jytte Boll Illerup
Danish National Environmental Research Institute
PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde

Outi Berghäll
Ministry of the Environment
PO Box 380, FIN-00131 Helsinki

Jouko Petäjä
Finnish Environment Institute
PB 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki

Kari Grönfors
Statistics Finland
PB 6B, FIN-00022 Tilastokeskus

France

Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement (MATE)
20 avenue de Ségur, F-75007 Paris

Jean-Pierre Fontelle
Centre Interprofessionel Technique d’Etudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique (CITEPA)
10 rue de Faubourg Poissonnière, F-75010 Paris

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

Michael Strogies
Federal Environmental Agency
Bismarckplatz 1, D-14193 Berlin Grunewald

Dimitra Koutendaki
Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development
GR-Athens

Michael McGettigan
Environmental Protection Agency
St Martins House, Waterloo Road, IRL-Dublin 4

M. Contaldi, R. de Lauretis, D. Romani
National Environment Protection Agency (ANPA)
Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, I-00144 Roma

Frank Thewes
Administration de l’Environment, Division Air-Bruit
16 rue Eugène Ruppert, L-2453 Luxembourg

Jos Olivier
RIVM
PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands

Teresa Costa Pereira
Direccao-Geral do Ambiente
Rua da Murgueira - Bairro do Zambujal, P-2721-865 Amadora

Ángleles Cristóbal
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente
Plaza de San Juan de la Cruz s/n, Madrid, Spain

Charlotta Sörqvist
Ministry of the Environment, S-103 33 Stockholm
Susanna Fink
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
Blekholmsterassen 36, S-106 48 Stockholm

United Kingdom AG Salway

National Environmental Technology Centre
AEA Technology, Culham, Abingdon OX14 3ED, Oxon, United Kingdom

European 
Commission

Jos Delbeke, Marianne Wenning, Lars Müller
European Commission, Directorate-General for the Environment
Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels

European 
Environment 
Agency (EEA)

Andre Jol, Andreas Barkman
European Environment Agency
Kongens Nytorv 6, DK-1050 Copenhagen

EC GHG inventory system

11

European Topic 
Centre on Air 
and Climate 
Change (ETC-
ACC)

Eurostat

Manfred Ritter, Bernd Gugele
European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change
Federal Environment Agency
Spittelauer Laende 5, A-1090 Vienna

Nikolaos Roubanis
Statistical Office of the European Communities, Eurostat
Jean Monnet Building, L-2920 Luxembourg

Joint Research 
Centre (JRC)

Frank Raes
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit
Via Enrico Fermi, I-21020 Ispra (VA)

2.2.1. The EC Member States
All EC Member States are Parties to the UNFCCC. Therefore, all MS have to prepare 
individual GHG inventories in accordance with UNFCCC reporting guidelines and to submit 
those inventories to the Commission in accordance with the timeliness described above.

Apart from submitting their national GHG inventories and inventory reports the MS take part 
in the reviewing and commenting phase of the draft EC inventory report, which is sent to the 
MS by 1 March each year. The purpose of circulating the draft EC inventory report is to 
improve the quality of the EC inventory. The MS check their national data and information 
used in the EC inventory report and send updates, if necessary. In addition, they comment on 
the general aspects of the EC inventory report.

In addition, the MS take part in the Monitoring Committee established under Council 
Decision 99/296/EC. The purpose of the Monitoring Committee is to assist the European 
Commission in its tasks under Council Decision 99/296/EC.

2.2.2. The European Commission, Directorate-General for the Environment (DG ENV)
The entity with overall responsibility for the EC inventory is the European Commission, 
Directorate-General for the Environment (DG ENV), in consultation with the EC Member 
States. The European Commission is the official receiver of the MS national inventories and 
inventory reports under Council Decision 99/296/EC and the official supplier of the EC 
inventory and inventory report to the UNFCCC secretariat. In the actual compilation of the 
EC inventory and inventory report, DG ENV is assisted by the European Environment Agency 
(EEA) including its European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC-ACC) and by 
Eurostat and the Joint Research Centre (JRC).

The consultation between DG ENV and the Member States takes place in the Monitoring 
Committee, established under Article 8 of Council Decision 99/296/EC. The Monitoring 
Committee is composed of the representatives of the Member States and chaired by the 
representative of the Commission (DG ENV). Procedures within the Committee for decision-
making, adoption of measures and voting are also outlined in Council Decision 99/296/EC. 
In order to facilitate decision making in the Monitoring Committee, two working groups have 
been established: Working Group 1 ‘Annual inventories’ and Working Group 2 ‘Assessment 
of progress (effect of policies and measures, projections)’.

The objectives and tasks of Working Group 1 under the Monitoring Mechanism Committee 
include:

(cid:127) the promotion of the timely delivery of national annual greenhouse gas inventories as 

required under the monitoring mechanism;

(cid:127) the improvement of the quality of greenhouse gas inventories on all relevant aspects 
(transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy and use of good 
practices);

(cid:127) the exchange of practical experience on inventory preparation, on all quality aspects and on 

the use of national methodologies for GHG estimation;

(cid:127) the evaluation of the current organisational aspects of the preparation process of the EC 

inventory and the preparation of proposals for improvements where needed.

12

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

2.2.3. The European Environment Agency (EEA)
The European Environment Agency (EEA) assists the Commission in the compilation of the 
annual EC inventory through the work of the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate 
Change (ETC-ACC). The activities of the EEA/ETC-ACC include:

(cid:127) preparation and circulation of the draft EC inventory and inventory report by 1 March based 

on Member States’ submissions;

(cid:127) initial check of Member States’ submissions in cooperation with Eurostat, and JRC, up to 1 

March and compilation of results from initial checks (status reports);

(cid:127) preparation of the final EC inventory and inventory report by 15 April (to be submitted by 

the Commission to the UNFCCC secretariat);

(cid:127) consultation with Member States in order to clarify data and other information provided;

(cid:127) assisting Member States in their reporting of greenhouse gas inventories by means of 

supplying software tools (see also Chapter 4.11).

The tasks of the EEA and the ETC-ACC are facilitated by the European environmental 
information and observation network (EIONET), which consists of the EEA as central node 
(supported by European topic centres) and national institutions in the EEA member 
countries that supply and/or analyse national data on the environment. (see http://
eionet.eea.eu.int/).

2.2.4. The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC-ACC)
The European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC-ACC) was established by a 
contract between the lead organisation RIVM (The Netherlands) and EEA in March 2001. 
The ETC-ACC involves 13 organisations and institutions in nine European countries. The 
technical annex for the 2002 work plan for the ETC-ACC and an implementation plan specify 
the specific tasks of the ETC-ACC partner organisations with regard to the preparation of the 
EC inventory. UBA Vienna is the task leader for the compilation of the EC annual inventory 
in the ETC-ACC, including all tasks mentioned above. ETC-ACC transfers the nationally 
submitted data from the spreadsheet format of the CRF tables into the ETC-ACC database 
maintained and managed by UBA Vienna. For the compilation of the EC inventory, the ETC-
ACC extracts the required data from this database into the EC CRF.

The EC inventory and inventory report are sent by the ETC-ACC to the EEA on 1 March 
(Draft EC inventory for further distribution to the European Commission and the EC MS) 
and in early April (Final EC inventory, for submission to the European Commission and the 
UNFCCC secretariat). The final EC GHG inventory and the EC inventory report are 
published on the EEA web site (http://www.eea.eu.int) and the data are made available 
through the EEA data warehouse (http://dataservice.eea.eu.int/dataservice). In addition, 
the EC inventory report is published by EEA as a printed report, with a CD-ROM including 
the data.

2.2.5. Eurostat
Based on Eurostat energy balance data, Eurostat compiles annually by 31 March estimates of 
the EC CO2 emissions from fossil fuels using the IPCC reference approach. Eurostat compares 
these estimates with national estimates of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels prepared by 
Member States and provides information summarising and explaining these differences. In 
order to improve the consistency of MS and Eurostat energy data a project on harmonisation 
of energy balances has started between Eurostat and national statistical offices (see Chapter 
4.3.3). In addition, Eurostat is leading an EU project aimed at improving estimates of GHG 
emissions from international aviation.

2.2.6. Joint Research Centre (JRC)
The Joint Research Centre (JRC) assists in the improvement of methodologies for the 
LULUCF sector. It does so (1) by intercomparing methodologies used by the MS for 
estimating emissions and removals with a focus on LULUCF and (2) by providing EU-wide 

EC GHG inventory system

13

estimates with various models/methods for emissions and removals with a focus on LULUCF 
(including inverse modelling using measurement of ambient air concentrations of GHGs).

2.3. Further improvements of the EC inventory system

2.3.1. Actions taken in response to the UNFCCC review
Apart from a general extension of the EC inventory report 2002, the following issues are 
included in the 2002 inventory report in response to the draft UNFCCC synthesis and 
assessment report and the draft UNFCCC centralised review report of the EC GHG inventory 
2001.

1. Chapter 4.10 provides an explanation for differences between the sum of MS submissions 
to the UNFCCC and the EC UNFCCC submission in 2001. The comparison shows that the 
differences are due to late submissions of Belgium and Luxembourg and, to a smaller 
extent, to the reporting methods of emissions and removals from LUCF.

2. A chapter on overall GHG trends has been included in the inventory report, in order to 
facilitate the review process. This chapter covers sections on aggregate emissions in 
relation to the Kyoto target, and trends by gases, sources and Member States.

3. A key source analysis has been carried out for the EC in order to select those source 

categories, for which overview tables on MS information are provided in this report. The 
overview tables include information on MS contribution to EC key sources regarding level 
and trend and on methodologies, emission factors and quality estimates of the MS. The 
EC key source analysis is not intended to replace key source analysis by MS which should 
be the basis for national priorities regarding methodological choices.

4. The results of the initial checks are provided in Annex B in order to give an overview of 

the completeness of MS submissions to the Commission.

5. Overview tables are produced in order to summarise the information provided by the MS 

in their CRF and national inventory reports. For example, overview tables are produced 
from MS CRF Table Summary 3 and Table 7, and from the information on uncertainty 
and quality assurance/quality control of the MS national inventory reports.

6. The CRF Table 8 on recalculations has been compiled for the EC as a whole. In addition, 

Chapter 4.2 provides an overview on sector and MS contribution to the EC GHG 
recalculations.

2.3.2. Future plans regarding improvements of the EC inventory system
Several activities are ongoing at EU level with a view to improve the EC GHG inventory 
system.

(cid:127) A proposal for an EU ’Greenhouse gas inventory system’ under the Kyoto Protocol has been 
drafted and discussed in the Monitoring Committee under Council Decision 99/296/EC.

(cid:127) In 2002, the Commission and the MS will discuss the process of revision of Council Decision 
99/296/EC to be fully in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol and the Marrakech Accords of 
November 2001.

(cid:127) Eurostat is working with national statistical offices on harmonisation of energy balance data 
(see Chapter 4.3.3). In addition, Eurostat is involved in an EU project aimed at improving 
estimates of emissions from international aviation. The JRC is working with MS on the 
quality improvement of estimates of emissions and removals from LUCF.

14

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

3. EC GHG emission trends

This chapter presents the main GHG emission trends in the European Community. First, 
aggregate results are described as regards total GHG emissions and progress towards fulfilling 
the EC Kyoto target. Then, emission trends are briefly analysed at gas and source level. Finally, 
a short overview of MS contribution to EC greenhouse gas trends is given.

3.1. Total GHG emissions

The European Community increased greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 compared to 1999, 
but was well below 1990 levels. In 2000, total EC greenhouse gas emissions without LUCF were 
4 059 Tg (CO2 equivalents), which was 0.3 % above 1999 and 3.5 % below 1990 levels.

In the Kyoto Protocol, the EC agreed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 8 % by 2008–
12, from 1990 levels. Assuming a linear target path from 1990 to 2010, total EC greenhouse 
gas emissions were 0.5 index points above this target path in 2000 (Figure 1). Note that the 
trend changes slightly, if the EC selects a base year other than 1990 for fluorinated gases, as 
allowed for under the Kyoto Protocol.

CO2 is by far the most important greenhouse gas, accounting for 82% of total EC emissions in 
2000. In 2000, EC CO2 emissions without LUCF were 3 325 Tg, which was 0.5 % above 1999 
but 0.5 % below 1990 levels. In the UNFCCC, the EC agreed to stabilise its CO2 emissions at 
1990 levels by 2000. This target was achieved by the EC (Figure 1).

Figure 1

EC greenhouse gas emissions 1990–2000 compared with targets for 2000 and 2008–12 (excluding LUCF)

x
e
d
n
I

120

110

100

90

80

100,0

99,5

96,5

92,0

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Greenhouse gas emissions

GHG target 2010

Target path 2000

Target path 2010

CO  emissions

2

CO  target 2000

2

Note (1): The linear target path is not intended as an approximation of past and future emission trends. It 
provides a measure of how close the EC emissions in 2000 are to a linear path of emissions reductions from 1990 
to the Kyoto target for 2008–12, assuming that only domestic measures will be used. The unit is index points with 
1990 emissions being 100. Therefore, it does not deliver a measure of (possible) compliance of the EC with its 
greenhouse gas targets in 2008–12, but aims at evaluating overall EC greenhouse gas emissions in 2000.

Note (2): Greenhouse gas emission data for the EC as a whole do not include emissions and removals from LUCF. 
In addition, no adjustments for temperature variations or electricity trade are considered.

EC GHG emission trends

15

3.3. Trends by gases

Table 3 gives an overview of the main trends in EC greenhouse gas emissions and removals for 
1990–2000. It shows the importance of CO2 emissions, which account for 82 % of total GHG 
emissions and reduced slightly since 1990 (–0.5 %). CO2 emissions increased by 0.5 % in 2000 
compared to 1999 mainly in the source categories 1.A.1 ‘Energy industries’ and, to a smaller 
extent, in 1.A.2 ‘Manufacturing industries’.

CH4 emissions account for 8 % of total EC greenhouse gas emissions and decreased by 20 % 
between 1990 and 2000. In 2000, CH4 emissions decreased by 2.7 % compared to 1999. The 
emission reductions in 2000 were mainly achieved in the source categories 1.B.1 ‘Fugitive 
emissions from solid fuels’, 4.A. ‘Enteric fermentation’ and 6.A. ‘Solid waste disposal on land’.

N2O emissions are responsible for 8 % of total greenhouse gas emissions and decreased by 
16 % between 1990 and 2000. Compared to 1999, N2O emissions decreased by 0.6 % in 2000. 
The main source categories reducing N2O emission in 2000 were 2.B. ‘Chemical industry’, 
1.A.4. ‘Other sectors’, 4.D. ‘Agricultural soils’ and 4.B. ‘Manure management’.

HFC emissions account for 1.2 % of total EC greenhouse gas emissions and increased by 94 % 
between 1990 and 2000. In 2000, HFC emissions increased by 16 % compared to 1999. The 
increases occurred in source category 2.F. ‘Consumption of halocarbons and SF6’.

PFC emissions account for 0.2 % of total EC greenhouse gas emissions and decreased by 49 % 
between 1990 and 2000. Also in 2000, PFC emissions decreased by 7 % compared to 1999. 
The decreases were achieved in source category 2.C. ‘Metal production’.

SF6 emissions account for 0.2 % of EC greenhouse gas emissions and increased by 6 % 
between 1990 and 2000. In 2000, SF6 emissions decreased by 1 % compared to 1999.

 Overview of EC greenhouse gas emissions and removals from 1990 to 2000 in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Table 3

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Net CO2 emissions/removals 

CO2 emissions (without LUCF) 

(6)

3.142.800 3.143.456 3.081.363 3.003.776 3.025.494 3.072.137 3.133.856 3.073.187 3.132.504 3.102.360 3.144.119

3.341.803 3.366.897 3.290.290 3.223.445 3.232.829 3.270.286 3.340.775 3.280.294 3.330.477 3.308.494 3.324.800

 CO2 equivalent (Gg)

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

426.506

415.935

405.076

393.458

383.084

380.897

373.975

363.742

357.818

350.744

341.770

400.948

396.960

386.944

375.590

380.672

380.715

390.379

389.499

361.044

340.047

338.111

24.426

24.514

24.806

27.250

31.815

35.830

39.974

47.141

51.975

40.672

47.285

13.545

11.949

9.788

8.403

7.717

7.765

7.754

7.505

7.405

8.440

9.074

9.744

10.513

11.361

12.271

12.073

11.986

11.330

7.331

9.045

6.846

8.955

Total (with net CO2 emissions/removals) 4.016.664 4.001.889 3.917.720 3.818.989 3.840.143 3.889.614 3.958.011 3.893.060 3.922.075 3.850.199 3.887.086

Total (without LUCF)

4.207.624 4.217.324 4.118.410 4.030.489 4.039.374 4.079.753 4.156.875 4.092.107 4.111.560 4.048.197 4.059.276

3.3. Trends by sources

Table 4 gives an overview of EC greenhouse gas emissions in the main source categories for 
1990–2000. Source category 1 ‘Energy’ is by far the most important source category with a 
share of 81 % in total EC greenhouse emissions (without LUCF). Emissions from source 
category 1 ‘Energy’ decreased by 1.3 % between 1990 and 2000, but increased in 2000 
compared to 1999 by 0.3 %.

Agriculture is the second largest source category accounting for 10 % of total EC greenhouse 
gas emissions (without LUCF). Emissions from source category 4 ‘Agriculture’ decreased by 
6 % between 1990 and 2000 and by 1 % from 1999 to 2000.

Source category 2 ‘Industrial processes’ has a share of 6 % in total EC greenhouse gas 
emissions and decreased emissions by 15 % between 1990 and 2000. In 2000, emissions 
increased by 3 % compared to 1999.

16

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Emissions from source category 6 ‘Waste’ account for 3 % of total EC greenhouse gas 
emissions and reduced by 21 % between 1990 and 2000. Also in 2000, emissions decreased 
further by 1.5 % compared to 1999. 

Table 4

Overview of EC greenhouse gas emissions in the main source categories 1990 to 2000 
in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND 
SINK CATEGORIES

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

1.  Energy 

3.320.359 3.352.346 3.278.313 3.212.871 3.207.851 3.243.215 3.315.077 3.248.410 3.293.799 3.268.313 3.276.742

2.  Industrial processes

305.039

297.207

286.934

276.046

290.402

296.755

302.954

310.307

287.405

252.639

260.547

3.  Solvent and other product use

9.065

8.990

8.794

8.427

8.460

8.498

8.544

8.617

8.662

8.646

8.796

4.  Agriculture 

416.343

405.557

396.459

390.461

391.371

391.599

395.423

395.150

394.100

393.066

389.535

5.  Land-use change and forestry (7)

-190.960

-215.434

-200.690

-211.500

-199.232

-190.139

-198.864

-199.046

-189.485

-197.997

-172.190

6.  Waste 

7.  Other

154.949

151.386

146.079

140.905

139.373

137.761

132.959

127.845

125.649

123.555

121.702

1.865

1.835

1.828

1.776

1.918

1.937

1.929

1.777

1.945

1.977

1.954

3.4. Trends by Member States

Table 5 gives an overview of MS contribution to the EC greenhouse gas emissions for 1990–
2000. The largest emitters in the EU are Germany and the United Kingdom accounting for 
24 % and 16 % respectively. France and Italy account for 13 % of EC greenhouse gas 
emissions each, Spain is responsible for 10 %.

Emission trends vary considerably between MS. Over the whole period 1990 to 2000, seven 
MS achieved GHG emissions reductions, in particular Germany (–19 %) and the United 
Kingdom (–13 %) achieved large emission reductions. Eight MS increased emissions with 
Spain having the largest increases in absolute and relative terms. In 2000, eight EC Member 
States achieved emission reductions compared to 1999, but seven MS increased emissions.

A more detailed analysis of EC greenhouse gas trends will be published by the EEA in 
October 2002 (see also Chapter 4.9.3).

Table 5

Overview of MS contribution to EC greenhouse gas emissions excluding LUCF from 1990 to 2000 
in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Member State

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

77.388

81.314

74.893

74.770

76.159

78.606

79.951

81.319

79.458

79.731

79.754

143.125

148.442

147.351

145.737

149.651

153.543

155.801

150.927

154.196

151.202

151.930

69.360

80.157

73.591

76.332

80.152

77.379

90.937

81.106

75.982

72.916

68.505

77.093

74.809

71.369

71.667

77.751

75.168

80.536

79.377

76.833

76.131

73.958

551.805

574.273

563.240

540.990

537.252

547.090

562.727

553.669

566.973

548.553

542.299

Germany

1.222.765 1.169.013

1.116.027 1.095.819 1.074.128

1.071.181 1.084.357 1.048.155

1.026.475

993.819

991.421

Greece

Ireland

Italy

104.755

104.760

106.172

106.714

109.238

110.429

114.220

119.504

124.343

123.697

129.652

53.430

54.096

54.712

54.470

56.366

57.246

58.847

61.295

63.653

65.275

66.277

522.132

523.063

519.499

506.951

500.495

528.105

521.787

525.854

536.389

539.519

543.464

Luxembourg

10.836

11.380

11.204

11.353

12.661

7.745

7.805

6.804

5.872

5.982

5.949

Netherlands

210.342

221.528

218.515

220.672

222.607

223.608

234.215

223.951

226.533

217.827

216.916

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

65.106

66.938

70.167

68.811

69.115

73.299

71.672

73.800

77.780

85.605

84.700

286.428

293.570

302.773

287.638

304.672

318.135

310.899

331.168

341.930

370.920

385.987

70.566

70.940

69.127

69.183

73.634

72.744

76.423

71.424

72.545

70.505

69.356

United Kingdom

742.492

743.041

719.771

699.383

695.493

685.474

706.699

683.752

682.597

646.514

649.106

EU15

4.207.624 4.217.324 4.118.410 4.030.489 4.039.374 4.079.753 4.156.875 4.092.107 4.111.560 4.048.197 4.059.276

4. Methodologies

Methodologies

17

The EC greenhouse gas inventory is compiled in accordance with the recommendations for 
inventories set out in the ‘UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national 
communications by Parties included in Annex 1 to the Convention, Part 1: UNFCCC 
reporting guidelines on annual inventories’, to the extent possible. In addition, the ‘Revised 
IPCC 1996 guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories’ have been applied. At EU 
level, Council Decision 99/296/EC and the guidelines thereunder have been used for the 
compilation of the EC GHG inventory.

4.1. Data basis

4.1.1 Member States GHG submissions 2002
The EC greenhouse gas inventory is compiled on the basis of the inventories of the 15 EC 
Member States. Therefore, the quality of the EC inventory depends on the timeliness and the 
quality of the Member States’ submissions.

Table 6 summarises timeliness and completeness of the Member States' submissions as by 5 
April 2002. It shows that seven MS submitted their GHG inventories in time to the European 

Date of submissions (updates submitted), years covered and CRF tables available from Member States
by 5 April 2002

Table 6

Member State

Submission 
dates

Latest 
data 
available

Austria

Belgium

31 Jan. 2002

21 Dec. 2001

2000

2000

Years covered

CRF tables 1)

1990– 2000

All

1990–2000

28 Mar. 2002

2000

1999– 2000

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

30 Dec. 2001

27 Mar. 2002

14 Dec. 2001

22 Mar. 2002

31 Dec. 2001

13 Feb. 2002

28 Mar. 2002

29 Mar. 2002

30 Jan. 2002

Italy

29 Mar. 2002

Luxembourg

21 Feb. 2002

Netherlands

14 Dec. 2001

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

8 Mar. 2002

28 Mar. 2002

5 Apr. 2002

21 Dec. 2001

28 Mar. 2002

United Kingdom 21 Dec. 2001

27 Mar. 2002

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2000

Sectoral report tables, summary 
tables

Sectoral report tables, summary 
tables

All

All

All

All

Full CRF only for 2000

All

Summary and trend tables only

All

Full CRF only for 2000
No F-gases

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

Full CRF only for 2000

2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

Summary Table 1.A
No F-gases

All

All

All

All

All

All

All

All

1) All = all or almost all (more than approx. 90 %) of the CRF tables (see Annex B for more details)

18

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Commission, i.e. by 31 December 2001. Ten MS submitted all or almost all tables (i.e. more
than 90 %) of the CRF tables for 1990–2000. Two MS provided a complete submission for the
year 2000. Two MS did not provide information on F-gases. The completeness of national sub-
missions with regard to individual CRF tables in the 2002 submission can be found in the sta-
tus reports in Annex B.

Table 7 shows the availability of Member States’ national inventory reports and additional 
inventory information. For nine Member States national inventory reports are available either 
for 2001 and/or 2002.

Table 7

National inventory reports and additional information available from Member States as by 5 April 2002

2001

2002

Umweltbundesamt Austria’s national 
inventory report 2001. Submission under the 
United Nations Framework Convention on 
Climate Change 2001, Vienna, July 2001

National Environmental Research Institute 
Denmark’s national inventory report. 
Submitted under the United Nations 
Framework Convention on Climate Change 
1990–99, Ministry of Environment and 
Energy, April 2001

Ministry of the Environment Finland’s 
national inventory report on greenhouse 
gases to the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change. Common 
reporting formats (CRF): 1990–99. Summary, 
Helsinki, 27 March 2001

Ministry of the Environment Finland’s 
national inventory report on greenhouse 
gases to the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change. Common 
reporting formats (CRF): 1990–2000. 
Summary, Helsinki, 14 December 2001

R. Pipatti Greenhouse gas emissions and 
removals in Finland. Emission trends 1990 –
99. Key sources. Methodologies, activity data 
and emission factors. VTT Energy, Technical 
Research Centre of Finland, 9 April 2001

CITEPA Inventaire des émissions de gaz à 
effet de serre en France au cours de la 
periode 1990–99, Décembre 2000

Austria

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Ministry of the Environment Finland’s 
national inventory report on greenhouse 
gases to the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change. Common 
reporting formats (CRF): 1990–2000. 
Summary, Helsinki, 22 March 2001

CITEPA Inventaire des émissions de gaz à 
effet de serre en France au titre de la 
convention cadre des Nations Unies sur le 
changement climatique, Décembre 2001

Bericht 2001 der Bundesrepublik 
Deutschland über ein System zur 
Beobachtung der Emissionen von CO2 und 
anderen Treibhausgasen entsprechend der 
Ratsentscheidung 1999/296/EG 

J.G.J. Olivier and P.W.H.G. Coenen: 
Greenhouse gas emissions in the 
Netherlands 1990–2000. National inventory 
report 2002. EU summary report 1990–2000, 
EU Draft, RIVM, December 2001

Ministry of the Environment Greenhouse gas 
emissions inventories report from Spain 
1990–2000. Communication to the European 
Commission (Decision 1999/296/CE) Ministry 
of the Environment, Directorate-General for 
Environmental Quality and Assessment, 
Madrid, March 2002

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency: 
Report to the European Commission on 
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases 
in accordance with Council Decision 1999/
296/EC. Part 1 Sweden’s national inventory 
report 2002 Sweden, 21 December 2001

S. Fink, et al. Sweden’s national inventory 
report. Submitted under the United Nations 
Convention on Climate Change Swedish 
Environmental Protection Agency, April 2002

AG Salway and R Milne Methodological 
Changes to the UK greenhouse gas 
inventory, December 2001
AG Salway Changes to the UK greenhouse 
gas inventory since the provisional inventory, 
March 2002

Netherlands

J.G.J. Olivier, et al.: Greenhouse gas 
emissions in the Netherlands 1990–99. 
National inventory report 2001, RIVM report 
773201 005, April 2001

Spain

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Spain’s 
greenhouse gases inventory report. 
Submission 2001. Council Decision 1999/
296/EC, Madrid, February 2001

Sweden

Sweden’s national inventory report 2001. 
Submitted under the United Nations 
Convention on Climate Change, April 2001

UK

AG Salway, et al.: UK greenhouse gas 
inventory,1990 to 1999 annual report for 
submission under the Framework Convention 
on Climate Change, March 2001

Methodologies

19

4.1.2.  Data gaps and gap filling procedures
The EC greenhouse gas inventory is compiled by adding the estimates from inventory 
submissions of the 15 EC Member States. For data gaps in Member States’ inventory 
submissions the following procedure is applied by EEA/ETC-ACC:

1.

If emission data are available for previous years.

(cid:127) For CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6, emissions reported for the most recent previous year 

are taken as an approximated estimate for the missing year.

(cid:127) For CO2 emissions of all CRF categories except category 1 ‘Energy’ also the emissions 
reported for the most recent previous year are taken as an approximated estimate for 
the missing year.

(cid:127) For CO2 emissions of CRF source category 1 ‘Energy’ the latest data reported by the 
Member State are used and extrapolated on the basis of percentage changes of CO2 
emissions from fossil fuel combustion as estimated for more recent years by Eurostat for 
this Member State. The Eurostat estimates are compiled using the IPCC reference 
approach and energy balance data provided annually by Member States.

2.

If emission data is not available for any year between 1990 and 2000, data gaps are not 
filled.

For the following Member States, data gaps existed by 5 April 2002:

Overview of data gaps by 5 April 2002

Table 8

Member State

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Belgium

Greece

1990–1994

1991–1994

1991–1994

1990–2000

Luxembourg

1991–1993

1991–1993

1991–1993

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

Ireland

Portugal

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–2000

1990–1994

1990–1994

For the EC inventory 2002, the data gap procedure has been applied for the following MS, 
years and gases:

(cid:127) For Belgium, HFC emissions for 1990–94 were estimated on basis of 1995 data; PFC and SF6 

emissions were estimated for 1991–94 on basis of 1990 data (Table 9).

(cid:127) For Luxembourg, emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were estimated for 1991–93 on basis of 

1990 data (Table 10).

(cid:127) For Portugal, emissions of PFCs and SF6 were estimated for 1990–94 on the basis of 1995 data 

(Table 11).

No gaps were filled for Greece for SF6, Ireland and Luxembourg for HFCs, PFC,s and SF6, and 
for Portugal for HFCs since emission data were not available for any of the years 1990–2000.

Data gap filling for Belgium for HFCs, PFCs and SF6 (Gg of CO2 equivalents)

Table 9

HFC

PFC

SF6

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

332

63

335

332

63

335

332

63

335

332

63

335

332

63

335

332

0

239

Note: Values are shaded for emission estimates derived by gap filling.

20

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 10

Data gap filling for Luxembourg for CO2, CH4 and N2O for 1991–1993 (Gg of CO2 equivalents)

CH4

N2O

Total CO2 emissions without LUCF and 
without CRF category 1 'Energy'

CO2 CRF category 1 'Energy'

Total CO2 emissions without LUCF

Percentage change of CO2 emissions from 
fossil fuels based on Eurostat estimation

Most recent
previous year
reported

1990

498

208

1.470

8.683

10.152

Data gap filling for years:

1991

498

208

1.470

9.226

10.695

6,3 %

1992

498

208

1.470

9.050

10.520

-1,9 %

1993

498

208

1.470

9.199

10.669

1,6 %

Note: Values are shaded for emission estimates derived by gap filling.

Table 11

Data gap filling for Portugal for PFCs and SF6 (Gg of CO2 equivalents)

PFC

SF6

1990

157

1

1991

157

1

1992

157

1

1993

157

1

1994

157

1

1995

157

1

Note: Values are shaded for emission estimates derived by gap filling.

4.1.3.Data basis of the EC GHG inventory
The EC GHG inventory 2002 is based on:

1.

the GHG submissions of the MS to the Commission in 2002;

2. previous GHG submissions, in cases where MS did not provide the complete time series 

for each gas in 2002; and

3. emission estimates derived from data gap filling as described above, in cases where no 

data were available for a specific gas and year (this applies to a very small part of the EC 
GHG inventory).

Tables 12–15 aim at making the data basis of the EC GHG inventory 2002 transparent and also 
showing that only a very small part of the EC GHG inventory was prepared using either 
previous GHG submissions or gap filling. Values in white cells without a frame are data 
provided by MS in 2002. Shaded values derive from gap filling. Framed cells indicate that the 
emission data have been taken from MS submissions in previous years. ‘NE’ (‘not estimated’) 
indicates that data are not available and that no gap filling has been made.

Table 12

Data basis of CO2 emissions without LUCF in Gg

EC Member State

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

62.297

66.174

60.349

60.717

61.995

64.015

65.386

67.012

65.464

66.025

66.102

117.966

123.571

122.714

120.887

124.072

127.647

130.367

125.579

128.607

125.639

127.040

52.635

62.466

63.460

61.071

57.523

58.670

59.884

59.172

63.855

65.468

61.001

62.684

74.514

68.130

65.161

66.842

60.006

64.601

57.245

64.073

52.852

62.305

394.067

417.406

408.233

388.491

384.050

390.492

404.177

398.310

419.453

407.004

401.923

1.014.500

975.951

928.307

918.268

904.111

903.665

923.085

892.649

885.963

859.246

857.908

84.336

84.230

31.508

32.185

85.774

32.821

85.847

87.479

87.644

32.350

33.916

34.430

90.163

35.629

94.668

99.419

98.626

103.727

38.000

39.957

41.825

43.815

441.133

440.160

439.152

426.839

420.586

445.925

440.296

442.737

456.489

459.077

461.822

10.152

10.695

10.520

10.669

11.998

7.078

7.098

6.086

5.179

5.432

5.399

159.630

167.489

165.702

167.934

168.764

172.659

179.706

168.973

175.057

172.061

173.527

44.109

45.951

49.569

48.620

48.713

52.688

50.986

53.102

56.894

64.062

63.150

227.233

234.518

243.023

229.942

242.657

254.411

242.215

261.369

270.130

295.233

306.632

56.065

56.735

54.958

54.879

59.233

58.574

62.062

57.087

58.142

56.458

55.855

United Kingdom

583.705

587.299

572.975

558.945

555.933

547.374

566.961

542.718

545.116

536.490

542.743

EU15

3.341.803 3.366.897 3.290.290 3.223.445 3.232.829 3.270.286 3.340.775 3.280.294 3.330.477 3.308.494 3.324.800

Note: Values in white cells without a frame are data provided by MS in 2002. Shaded values derive from gap 
filling. Framed cells indicate that the emission data has been taken from MS submissions in previous years. ‘NE’ 
(‘not estimated’) indicates that data are not available and that no gap filling has been made.

Methodologies

21

Data basis of CH4 emissions in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Table 13

EC Member State

1990

1991

1992

1993

1995

1996

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

11.298

11.557

5.845

6.141

11.078

11.596

5.905

5.778

10.814

11.660

5.915

5.378

10.685

11.610

6.034

4.988

1994

10.511

11.745

6.070

4.658

10.118

11.507

6.235

4.466

10.289

11.594

6.142

4.644

70.118

75.934

1997

9.872

1998

9.642

1999

9.537

2000

9.402

11.399

11.410

11.269

10.995

6.128

4.283

6.026

4.061

5.653

3.931

61.870

63.868

10.413

13.307

5.753

3.930

60.296

60.583

10.890

12.800

66.559

67.577

68.021

68.797

69.187

110.741

99.606

92.401

84.365

79.208

69.482

64.299

63.572

68.994

67.359

65.243

8.744

8.706

9.008

9.108

9.365

9.497

9.814

9.924

12.836

12.992

13.030

13.099

13.159

13.311

13.559

13.747

10.442

13.631

39.252

39.653

37.895

37.503

38.006

38.591

38.405

38.453

38.068

37.663

37.676

498

498

498

498

460

464

501

507

480

483

478

27.137

27.487

26.399

25.747

25.262

24.571

24.635

23.115

22.357

21.793

20.638

12.903

12.912

12.764

12.474

12.723

12.694

12.712

12.795

12.764

13.121

13.134

29.648

30.038

30.860

31.281

32.080

32.822

34.760

35.443

36.552

37.306

38.363

6.810

6.745

6.878

6.829

6.724

6.644

6.633

6.527

6.375

6.169

5.874

United Kingdom

76.535

75.363

73.556

70.438

63.926

63.582

62.153

59.891

57.195

54.361

50.960

EU15

426.506

415.935

405.076

393.458

383.084

380.897

373.975

363.742

357.818

350.744

341.770

Note: Values in white cells without a frame are data provided by MS in 2002. Shaded values derive from gap 
filling. Framed cells indicate that the emission data have been taken from MS submissions in previous years. ‘NE’ 
(‘not estimated’) indicates that data are not available and that no gap filling has been made.

Data basis of N2O emissions in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Table 14

EC Member State

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

1990

2.308

13.216

10.837

1991

2.399

12.889

10.730

1992

2.420

12.590

10.060

8.414

7.911

7.287

1993

2.485

12.850

10.184

7.480

1994

2.550

1995

2.566

1996

2.561

1997

2.552

1998

2.561

1999

2.544

2000

2.515

13.442

14.068

13.639

13.551

13.880

13.822

13.422

9.964

7.591

9.891

7.796

9.748

7.847

9.335

8.067

9.373

7.912

9.317

7.749

9.083

7.183

91.078

90.671

89.174

86.624

87.080

89.134

90.707

91.724

83.978

78.396

76.891

88.593

10.623

84.415

10.521

9.086

8.919

85.835

10.467

8.860

82.023

10.143

79.369

10.258

9.021

9.291

80.445

9.899

9.505

82.047

10.337

9.660

77.455

10.628

63.808

10.625

60.209

10.418

60.080

11.010

9.548

10.066

10.143

9.661

40.826

42.305

41.526

41.676

40.676

41.915

41.594

42.765

39.802

40.759

41.644

208

208

208

208

214

213

216

233

236

90

94

16.524

19.195

19.669

19.696

20.204

18.173

20.258

21.109

17.822

17.362

16.980

7.937

7.917

7.677

7.558

7.522

7.759

7.815

7.745

7.964

8.265

8.258

26.260

25.987

25.282

23.295

25.616

25.372

27.730

26.942

27.715

28.988

30.497

7.167

6.942

6.785

6.953

7.118

6.892

7.103

7.075

7.335

7.112

6.916

United Kingdom

67.873

65.953

59.103

55.396

59.779

57.085

59.119

60.772

57.967

44.874

43.878

EU15

400.948

396.960

386.944

375.590

380.672

380.715

390.379

389.499

361.044

340.047

338.111

Note: Values in white cells without a frame are data provided by MS in 2002. Shaded values derive from gap 
filling. Framed cells indicate that the emission data have been taken from MS submissions in previous years. ‘NE’ 
(‘not estimated’) indicates that data are not available and that no gap filling has been made.

22

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 15

Data availability of actual HFC, PFC and SF6 emissions in CO2 equivalents (Gg)

EC Member State

1990

1991

1992

1993

1998

1999

4
963
518

332
63
335

0
0
43

0
1
71

2.252
3.192
2.195

2.340
2.694
3.896

935
258
NE

NE
NE
NE

351
237
334

NE
NE
NE

4.432
2.432
187

NE
157
1

2.403
828
56

3
440
81

6
974
683

332
63
335

0
0
62

0
1
48

1.510
2.472
2.216

2.340
2.352
4.350

1.107
258
NE

NE
NE
NE

355
231
358

NE
NE
NE

4.820
2.437
100

NE
157
1

2.179
787
61

6
427
84

9
576
725

332
63
335

4
0
89

0
1
32

1.067
2.142
2.238

2.470
2.138
4.876

908
252
NE

NE
NE
NE

359
206
360

NE
NE
NE

4.540
2.099
106

NE
157
1

2.763
782
64

8
414
84

12
48
823

332
63
335

96
0
135

0
1
26

807
1.641
2.262

3.750
2.012
5.401

1.638
153
NE

NE
NE
NE

355
204
373

NE
NE
NE

5.066
2.118
110

NE
157
1

2.258
794
67

30
402
90

1994

17
54
1.033

1995

546
16
1.175

1996

625
15
1.246

1997

718
18
1.148

332
63
335

141
0
122

7
1
26

821
1.415
2.288

3.980
1.676
5.784

2.209
94
NE

NE
NE
NE

628
212
388

NE
NE
NE

6.339
1.890
148

NE
157
1

3.458
785
76

69
390
100

332
0
239

237
1
107

30
1
14

1.302
1.331
2.314

3.130
1.764
6.243

3.369
83
NE

NE
NE
NE

932
272
470

NE
NE
NE

5.978
1.867
361

NE
157
1

4.645
790
94

124
389
120

418
0
206

376
3
61

78
1
14

2.186
1.450
2.350

2.580
1.830
5.822

3.916
72
NE

NE
NE
NE

788
177
527

NE
NE
NE

7.209
2.042
365

NE
157
1

5.334
759
101

173
343
109

527
0
206

401
7
73

168
1
16

3.095
1.503
2.368

3.450
1.554
5.688

4.194
165
NE

NE
NE
NE

1.154
184
562

NE
NE
NE

8.214
2.154
386

NE
157
1

6.507
784
122

266
316
153

816
21
955

631
0
0

503
15
59

246
1
12

3.751
1.662
2.291

4.278
1.709
5.473

4.053
204
NE

NE
NE
NE

1.374
201
455

NE
NE
NE

9.201
1.727
369

NE
157
1

6.643
750
141

297
306
90

2000

1.033
25
677

804
0
0

730
28
59

502
22
17

6.973
1.672
2.279

7.700
1.709
3.442

4.281
148
NE

NE
NE
NE

1.786
209
328

NE
NE
NE

3.913
1.531
327

NE
157
1

9.878
409
209

369
266
77

9.316
668
1.540

870
25
730

804
0
0

616
20
65

317
29
32

4.816
1.919
2.283

5.250
1.709
3.537

4.156
132
NE

NE
NE
NE

1.556
190
274

NE
NE
NE

4.826
1.449
336

NE
157
1

8.513
696
184

346
329
91

8.601
678
1.510

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total

HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC
PFC
SF6

11.374
2.281
724

24.426
13.545
8.440

11.859
1.790
776

24.514
11.949
9.074

12.346
959
833

24.806
9.788
9.744

12.905
811
889

27.250
8.403
10.513

13.814
980
1.061

31.815
7.717
11.361

15.205
1.094
1.133

35.830
7.765
12.271

16.290
905
1.270

39.974
7.754
12.073

18.447
661
1.263

47.141
7.505
11.986

20.183
652
1.485

51.975
7.405
11.330

40.672
7.331
9.045

47.285
6.846
8.955

Note: Values in white cells without a frame are data provided by MS in 2002. Shaded values derive from gap 
filling. Framed cells indicate that the emission data have been taken from MS submissions in previous years. ‘NE’ 
(‘not estimated’) indicates that data are not available and that no gap filling has been made.

4.2.Recalculations

Table 16 provides the absolute differences of total EC greenhouse gas emissions between the 
latest submission and the previous submission. The percentage difference of total EC GHG 
emissions without LUCF between latest and previous submission is 0.21 % in 1990 and 0.46 % 
in 1999.

ti

Table 16

Overview of recalculations of EC total GHG emissions 
(difference between latest submission and previous submission in Gg CO2 equivalents)

Total CO2 equivalent emission with LUCF
Total CO2 equivalent emission without LUCF

1990

9435

8932

1991

6549

8269

1992

5210

7069

1993

9666

10693

1994

982

3431

1995

-1450

-267

1996

-5717

-3926

1997

-5275

-2732

1998

-2258

70

1999

13766

18620

Table 17 provides an overview of the recalculations of GHG emissions for the EC at the most 
aggregate gas and sector level for 1990 and 1999.

Overview of recalculations of EC GHG emissions at gas and sector level
(difference between latest submission and previous submission in Gg CO2 equivalents)

Table 17

Methodologies

23

1990

Total emissions and removals

Energy

Industrial processes

Solvent and other product use

Agriculture

LUCF (net)

Waste

Other

1999

Total emissions and removals

Energy

Industrial processes

Solvent and other product use

Agriculture

LUCF (net)

Waste

Other

CO2
17281

13493

3883

-271

0

847

765

-1436

CO2
32824

32879

5470

-418

0

-5150

1836

-1794

CH4
-13557

-1281

94

0

-9435

-305

-2631

1

CH4
-15609

-3227

37

0

-6436

22

-6006

0

N2O
6713

-468

-5248

68

10320

-38

2073

3

N2O
1560

-2772

-709

-5

2526

275

2237

8

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

-1201

NO

-1201

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

43

NO

43

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

HFCs

PFCs

-1949

NO

-1949

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

-1030

NO

-1030

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

157

NO

157

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

SF6
-2031

NO

-2031

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

Table 18 provides an overview of recalculations for the EC key source categories 2000 (see 
Chapter 4.8 for information on identification of EC key sources).

Recalculations for the EC key source categories 2000
(difference between latest submission and previous submission in Gg of CO2 equivalents and in percent)

Table 18

Greenhouse gas source categories

Gas

Recalculations 1990

Recalculations 1999

1.A.1.Energy industries

1.A.2.Manufacturing industries 

1.A.3.Transport

1.A.3.Transport

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.5.Other

1.B.1.Fugitive emissions from solid fuels

1.B.2.Fugitive emissions from oil and gas

2.B. Chemical industry

2.A. Mineral products

2.B. Chemical industry 

2.C. Metal production

2.C. Metal production

CO2
CO2
CO2
N2O
CO2
CH4
N2O
CO2
CH4
CH4
HFC

CO2
N2O
CO2
PFC

HFC

4.B.  Manure management

2.E. Production of halocarbons and SF6
2.F. Consumption of halocarbons and SF6 HFC
CH4
4.A. Enteric fermentation
CH4
N2O
N2O
CH4

6.A. Solid waste disposal on land

4.B.  Manure management

4.D. Agricultural soils

(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

-17

11.287

-2.915

-494

5.358

-10

68

-400

-446

-1.263

0

3.867

-5.252

527

43

-1.203

1

2.279

-9.122

5.890

4.420

-3.031

%

0,00

1,77

-0,42

-4,05

0,85

-0,10

0,61

-2,02

-0,88

-3,75

0,00

3,58

-4,76

2,09

0,37

-5,33

0,40

1,61

-21,61

21,36

2,28

-2,23

(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

22.008

8.036

-1.808

-1.568

4.707

-311

-875

323

-304

-3.164

0

1.884

-572

-297

-1.126

-1.968

-1.537

2.999

-6.783

561

2.134

-4.728

%

2,11

1,38

-0,22

-6,34

0,75

-3,89

-9,04

4,54

-1,25

-9,91

0,00

1,75

-1,19

-1,24

-17,95

-9,63

-6,93

2,30

-16,99

1,92

1,13

-4,48

24

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 19 gives an overview of MS contribution to EC recalculations for 1990–2000. The 
percentage differences of total GHG recalculations between latest and previous submissions 
vary: in 1990 the range was between +4.67 % (Belgium) and –6.34 % (Spain); in 1999, the 
range was between +7.94 (Portugal) and –5.33 (Netherlands). The reasons for the 
recalculations vary for Member States and source categories. For more details see the 
information provided by the MS in Annex D.

Table 19

Contribution of MS to EC recalculations of total GHG emissions without LUCF for 1990–1999 
(difference between latest submission and previous submission Gg of CO2 equivalents)

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

448

439

489

1.115

538

562

801

492

255

507

6.381

4.537

3.480

3.466

2.693

4.727

2.666

6.321

8.842

10.824

-592

-385

-972

-198

0

0

0

0

50

0

488

0

734

0

853

-68

-485

0

-38

-112

6.140

5.464

6.450

9.796

8.358

8.619

9.570

10.012

10.043

4.037

Germany

16.128

14.082

13.976

13.045

10.069

9.681

7.986

8.713

6.827

11.411

Greece

Ireland

Italy

-587

-67

-545

-71

-386

-71

-594

-71

-246

-71

-325

-71

-126

-71

130

-71

293

-62

507

-62

3.850

4.109

3.963

3.576

2.880

3.099

2.337

1.293

149

-1.549

Luxembourg

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-160

Netherlands

-5.456

-1.013

-1.318

-1.191

-1.474

-9.289

-6.904 -13.432 -10.546 -12.258

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

UK

EU15

462

-42

-289

-30

-446

324

331

17

699

6.301

-19.404 -18.933 -19.041 -18.916 -19.487 -18.604 -21.181 -17.873 -16.439

-9.272

1.020

610

276

351

120

669

30

666

41

526

103

416

-885

816

50

832

6

-166

488

8.649

8.932

8.269

7.069 10.693

3.431

-267

-3.926

-2.732

70 18.620

4.3. Reference approach

4.3.1. Reference approach for EC
The IPCC reference approach for CO2 from fossil fuels for the EC is based on Eurostat energy 
data (New Cronos database, version June 2001), which provides comparable data for all 
Member States. Energy statistics are submitted to Eurostat by Member States on an annual 
basis with the five joint Eurostat/IEA/UNECE questionnaires on solid fuels, oil, natural gas, 
electricity and heat, and renewables and wastes. The national administration responsible for 
filling in these questionnaires is the national statistical office, a ministry or a national agency 
responsible for energy. On the basis of this information Eurostat compiles the annual energy 
balances which are used for the estimation of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by Member 
States and for the EU as a whole.

The IPCC reference approach for the EC is based on annual energy data of Eurostat, which 
are available for 1990–99. For the year 2000, no IPCC reference approach could be 
calculated, as for 2000 only monthly data are available. Monthly data cannot be compared 
with annual data for several reasons: (1) monthly data on feedstocks and non-energy use are 
not available; (2) adjustments for exports, imports and stock changes are made when 
compiling annual data; (3) there is no fuel breakdown for secondary petroleum products in 
monthly data; (4) there is no estimation for international marine bunkers in monthly data.

The data basis for the EC IPCC reference approach as regards activity data, net calorific values 
and carbon emission factors are the Eurostat New Cronos database (version June 2001). In 
the CRF Table 1.A(b) some fuel categories are grouped and average net calorific values are 
used: ‘Orimulsion’ is included in ‘Residual fuel oil’. ‘Natural gas liquids’ is included in ‘Crude 
oil’. ‘Other kerosene’ is included in ‘Total kerosene’. ‘Anthracite’ and ‘Coking coal’ are 
included in ‘Other bituminous coal’. ‘Sub-bitumenous coal’ and ‘Peat’ are included in 
‘Lignite’. For international bunkers, only fuel consumption for international navigation is 
available separately; data on international aviation are not estimated separately. Therefore, 

Methodologies

25

total CO2 emissions as estimated with the IPCC reference approach on the basis of Eurostat 
data include CO2 emissions from international aviation. For the calculation of CO2 emissions, 
the IPCC default carbon emission factors adjusted for the fraction non-oxidised are used in 
the Eurostat New Cronos database.

The method of using the IPCC reference approach at EU level is a three-step process:

Step 1: For each MS, annual data on energy production, imports, exports, international 
bunkers and stock changes are available in the Eurostat database in fuel specific units (i.e. kt 
(=1 000 tons) for solid fuels and petroleum products, TJ for natural gas). The apparent 
consumption in TJ is calculated for each MS by using country-specific net calorific values. 
These net calorific values are updated annually together with the energy data in the New 
Cronos database. For a group of fuels (e.g. ‘Other bituminous coal’) average net calorific 
values are used.

Step 2: The EC CRF Table 1.A(b) are calculated by adding the relevant MS activity and 
emission data, as calculated under step 1. The net calorific values provided for the EU in CRF 
Table 1.A(b) are calculated from dividing apparent consumption in TJ by apparent 
consumption in fuel specific units for each fuel. Therefore, these net calorific values are 
‘implied calorific values’; there are no fuel specific net calorific values at EU level.

Step 3: For the calculations of carbon stored in Table 1.A(d), Eurostat data on feedstocks and 
non-energy use of fuels were used (New Cronos database, version June 2001). For the fraction 
of carbon stored and carbon emission factors IPCC default values were taken (IPCC, 1997).

Table 20 shows the apparent energy consumption and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel 
combustion from 1990–99 as provided in Table 1.A(b) in the annex. Total fossil fuel energy 
consumption increased by 7.2 % between 1990 and 1999, whereas CO2 emissions from fossil 
fuel combustion increased by 1.1 %.

Apparent EC energy consumption (in TJ) and EC CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion (in Gg)

Table 20

Liquid fuels

Solid fuels

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

22.613.526 23.037.371 23.894.424 23.232.205 23.554.678 23.612.779 24.278.466 24.464.826 25.442.626 24.751.903

12.540.613 11.904.350 11.100.074 10.280.192 10.127.640

9.894.503

9.752.346

9.309.862

9.299.170

8.686.497

Gaseous fuels

10.330.081 11.150.719 11.030.682 11.733.928 11.799.079 12.716.292 14.194.976 14.074.155 14.677.016 15.329.872

Total energy 
consumption

CO2 emissions

45.484.220 46.092.440 46.025.181 45.246.325 45.481.396 46.223.574 48.255.788 47.798.842 49.418.812 48.768.272

3.230.268

3.236.412

3.210.973

3.134.402

3.135.815

3.165.603

3.291.325

3.233.550

3.333.507

3.265.543

4.3.2. Comparison of EC reference approach with MS sectoral approach
Table 21 summarises the percentage deviation of CO2 emissions from the IPCC reference 
approach applied to the EC and the sectoral approach available from MS. The main reason 
for this difference is that Eurostat energy data does not separate fuel combustion from 
international aviation. If fuel combustion from international aviation is added to the sectoral 
approach (from MS), the percentage differences are much smaller.

Differences between IPCC reference approach based on Eurostat data and sectoral approach
 based on MS data.

Table 21

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2.65

0.84

1.71

-0.04

3.23

1.28

2.76

0.54

2.78

0.52

2.50

0.20

4.11

1.68

4.38

1.74

5.94

3.09

4.58

1.57

Percentage difference

Percentage difference 
with sectoral approach 
including emissions 
from international 
aviation

26

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

4.3.3. Comparison of EC reference approach with MS reference approaches
Differences are also observed when comparing the estimates for CO2 emissions from fossil 
fuels from the IPCC reference approach of the EC Member States with the estimates from the 
reference approach calculated using Eurostat energy balance data. Most of the differences 
are due to the use of different calorific values (CV) mainly for oil products, and BKB (lignite 
briquettes) and patent fuels. The differences in the CV for oil products are minor but as the 
quantities are often large, their relative impact is significant. For BKB and patent fuels, 
Eurostat is using the same CV for all countries which differs from the calorific values used by 
the Member States.

A minor reason for diverging MS and Eurostat estimates are small differences in the basic 
energy balance data reported by Member States to Eurostat (in the joint questionnaires) and 
to the Commission and the UNFCCC (in the CRF tables).

To resolve these differences Eurostat launched a project for harmonisation of the two (joint 
questionnaires and CRF) reporting systems of energy data and for revision of reported energy 
data back to 1990. The energy data used by the two submissions (joint questionnaires and As a

result of the project, Eurostat will update information in its database and will produce CO2 
emission estimates from fossil fuels with minimum deviation from those reported by the 
Member States and a full understanding of any remaining discrepancies. This will help to 
improve the quality of the EC GHG inventory for source category 1 ‘Energy’.

4.4.

International bunkers

International bunker emissions of the EC inventory are the sum of the international bunker 
emissions of the Member States. A project shared between Eurostat, EEA and Eurocontrol has 
been initiated to improve the quality of the estimates of CO2 emissions from international 
aviation.

4.5. Emissions and removals from LUCF

Emissions and removals from LUCF of the EC are the sum of MS emissions and removals. In 
accordance with IPCC guidelines, Member States use different methodologies, including data 
collection methods and frequencies, definitions and conversion factors in the estimation of 
LUCF data.

The EU initiated an action under the intergovernmental framework for European 
cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research (COST E21) ‘Contribution of 
forests and forestry to mitigate greenhouse effects’ with the objective to exchange experience 
and knowledge to improve the quality of greenhouse gas inventory compilation for forests in 
Europe.

In addition, the JRC is working with the Member States on a separate complementary project 
to facilitate the above objectives.

4.6. Methodologies, emission factors and activity data

The EC greenhouse gas inventory is compiled on the basis of the inventories of the 15 EC 
Member States. Since MS use different national methodologies, background activity data or 
emission factors in accordance with IPCC guidelines, these methodologies are reflected in the 
EC GHG inventory data. No additional methodological information can be provided at EC 
level except summaries of methodologies used by MS. However, in some areas possibilities of 
quality improvement were defined for the estimation at MS level, and work was started in 
these areas including energy background data, emissions from international bunkers and 
emissions and removals from LUCF.

The EC CRF Table Summary 3 in Annex A provides information on methodologies and 
emission factors used by the Member States. These tables have been compiled on the basis of 
the information provided by the MS in their CRF Table Summary 3. Chapter 4.8 lists the 

Methodologies

27

methodologies and emission factors used by the Member States for each EC key source. 
Annex D includes the CRF Table Summary 3 for those MS that submitted these tables in 2002.

4.7. Uncertainties

The CRF Table 7 in Annex A shows information on completeness and quality of GHG 
emissions for the EC key sources. These estimates are based on the information provided by 
the MS in their CRF Table 7; the information basis for each key source can be seen in Chapter 
4.8. Annex D includes the CRF Table 7 for those MS that submitted these tables in 2002.

Table 22 gives an overview of information provided by Member States on uncertainty 
estimates in their national inventory reports 2002 or 2001 and presents summarised results of 
these estimates. The overview table provides general information on uncertainty estimates of 
the Member States and quantified uncertainty estimates at total gas level, if available.

Overview of uncertainty estimates available from Member States
(mainly excerpts from MS national inventory reports)

Table 22

Uncertainty estimates extracted from MS national inventory reports

Information source

Austria

Denmark

Finland

Uncertainty analysis including systematic and random uncertainty was carried out for 
CO2, CH4 and N2O for 1990 and 1997. The results of the calculations are as follows:
Total uncertainty

N2O

CO2

CH4

1990
1997

2,3 % 
2,1 %

48,3 %
47,4 %

89,6 %
85,9 %

Total GHG emissions
(excluding F-gases)
9,8 %
8,9 %

The national inventory report refers to Denmark’s second national communication 
where the uncertainty of NMVOC, CH4 and N2O is assumed to be the highest (perhaps 
with an uncertainty factor 2). The uncertainty of CO and NOx inventories is assumed to 
be less than 30–40 % and the uncertainty of CO2 may be as low as 1–2 %. Applying the 
methodology mentioned in Annex 1 to the Reporting Instructions of the Revised 1996 
IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories these estimates lead to an 
overall uncertainty of the GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents of +/- 23 %. This estimate 
does not take into account the 35 % uncertainty of the GWP-factors. Sensitivity analysis 
shows that it is the huge uncertainty of N2O emissions from agricultural soils, which are 
the key factor for overall uncertainty of the Danish GHG inventory.

The approach to estimate the uncertainties of the Finnish inventory is based entirely on 
expert judgement. The procedures for expert elicitation and methods for encoding 
expert judgement described in Chapter 6 of the Good Practice Guidance (IPCC, 2000) 
have not yet been implemented. Also the level of desegregation in estimating the 
uncertainties and the methods used in combining them may need further consideration 
and improvement. The uncertainty estimates given in CRF Table 7 should therefore to 
be considered as preliminary. The uncertainty of total emissions and removals is 
estimated to be below 10 %. The uncertainty estimates are based on combined 
uncertainty of activity data and emissions factors.

France

Work is underway for estimating uncertainties of GHG emissions according to the Good 
Practice Guidance (IPCC, 2000). The uncertainties of CO2 and SO2 from energy use are 
assumed to be less than 5 %.

Umweltbundesamt Austria’s 
national inventory report 2001. 
Submission under the United 
Nations Framework Convention on 
Climate Change 2001, Vienna, July 
2001

National Environmental Research 
Institute Denmark’s national 
inventory report. Submitted under 
the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change 
1990–99, Ministry of Environment 
and Energy, April 2001

Ministry of the Environment 
Finland’s national inventory report 
on greenhouse gases to the United 
Nations Framework Convention on 
Climate Change. Common 
reporting formats (CRF): 1990–2000. 
Summary, Helsinki, 22 March 2002

CITEPA Inventaire des émissions de 
gaz à effet de serre en France au 
titre de la convention cadre des 
Nations Unies sur le changement 
climatique, Décembre 2001

Germany

The report states that partly emission uncertainties are considerable. This is due to 
uncertainties of activity data and emission factors and — to a much lesser extent — to 
a lack of information on emission causing activities. In general, the uncertainty of 
combustion–related emissions is considerably lower than uncertainty of non–
combustion related emissions. For qualitative estimates of emission uncertainties the 
report refers to CRF Table Summary 3 and Table 7.

Bericht 2001 der Bundesrepublik 
Deutschland über ein System zur 
Beobachtung der Emissionen von 
CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen 
entsprechend der Ratsentscheidung 
1999/296/EG

Nether-
lands

The Netherlands estimated uncertainty in annual emissions and in emission trends by 
applying the IPCC Tier 1 uncertainty approach at the level of the IPCC list of possible 
key sources.

The results of the uncertainty estimates for 1999 CO2 equivalent emissions are as 
follows:

Total GHG CO2
±3 %
±5 %

CH4
±25 %

N2O
±50 %

HFCs
±50 %

PFCs
±50 %

SF6
±50 %

The results of the uncertainty estimates for the trend 1990-1999 CO2 equivalent 
emissions are as follows:

Total GHG CO2
±3 %

N2O
CH4
±3 % ±7 %±12 % ±11 %

F-gases

J.G.J. Olivier, et al.: Greenhouse gas 
emissions in the Netherlands 1990–
99. National inventory report 2001, 
RIVM report 773201 005, April 2001
Updated information was provided 
from: Olivier, et al.: Netherlands’ 
national inventory report 2002

28

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Spain

The Spanish report mentions that the assessment of uncertainty (estimation of emission 
quality) is shown in Table 7 of the CRF using the quality codes H (high), M (medium), and 
L (low). This ordinal classification of quality is only a first stage in the analysis of the 
uncertainty associated with the inventory estimations. Spain is currently beginning work 
on the implementation of a quantitative estimation of uncertainty in accordance with the 
approach recommended in IPCC (2000).

Sweden

It is assumed that the uncertainty is largest for the inventories of NMVOC, CH4 and N2O, 
perhaps with an uncertainty factor of 2, while the uncertainty on the CO, SO2 and NOx 
inventories is assumed to be less than 30–40 % and the uncertainty with the CO2 may 
be as low as 1–2 %.

Ministry of the Environment 
Greenhouse gas emissions 
inventories report from Spain 1990–
2000. Communication to the 
European Commission (Decision 
1999/296/CE) Ministry of the 
Environment, Directorate-General 
for Environmental Quality and 
Assessment, Madrid, March 2002

S. Fink, et al. Sweden’s national 
inventory report. Submitted under 
the United Nations Convention on 
Climate Change, Swedish 
Environmental Protection Agency, 
April 2002

Uncertainty estimates extracted from MS national inventory reports

Information source

UK

Uncertainty estimates for the UK GHG inventory were calculated corresponding to Tiers 
1 and 2 approaches of the Good Practice Guidance (IPCC, 2000). Uncertainties were 
calculated for emissions and for emission trends 1990–99.

Quantitative estimates of the uncertainties in GHG emissions were calculated using 
direct simulation, a technique similar to Monte Carlo Simulation. This corresponds to the 
IPCC Tier 2 approach. The results for the United Kingdom are as follows:

AG Salway, et al.: UK greenhouse 
gas inventory,1990 to 1999. Annual 
report for submission under the 
Framework Convention on Climate 
Change, March 2001

Emissions 1999

Total
GHG

17 %

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

2 %

20 % 

b

25 %

19 %

13 %

Range of likely %  -12 % / 
change 1990–99 -16 % -10,6 %

-8,3 % /

-15 % /
-38 %

-13 % /
-72 %

-22 % /
-62 %

-62 % /
-77 %

52 % /

118 %

b Not quoted because distribution is highly skewed

The Tier 1 approach based on the error propagation equations suggests an uncertainty 
of 18 % in the combined GWP total emissions in 1999. The analysis also estimates an 
uncertainty of 2 % in the trend between 1990 and 1999.

4.8. Key source analysis and additional CRF information

A key source analysis has been carried out according to the Tier 1 method (quantitative 
approach) described in IPCC (2000). A key source category is defined as an emission source 
that has a significant influence on a country's GHG inventory in terms of the absolute level of 
emissions, the trend in emissions, or both. The basis of the analysis is IPCC (2000), but the 
source categories adopted are more aggregated than those suggested in IPCC (2000) because 
of lack of data at a more disaggregated level.

In addition to the key source analysis at EC level, the MS provide a national key source 
analysis which can differ from the assessment at EC level. The EC key source analysis is not 
intended to replace key source analysis by MS which should be the basis for priorities 
regarding methodological choices or distribution of resources at MS level. The key source 
analysis at EC level is carried out in order to identify those source categories for which 
overviews of MS methodologies, emission factors and quality estimates are provided in this 
chapter.

In order to identify key source categories of the EC, the following procedure has been applied 
(based on IPCC, 2000).

1. Starting point for the key source identification for this report was the CRF Table Summary 
1.A. of the EC greenhouse gas inventory. (A more detailed split, e.g. by fuels as provided 
for by IPCC (2000) is not available at European level.) All source categories where 
greenhouse gas emissions occur were listed, at the most disaggregated level available at 
EU level and split by gas. This way, a list of 66 source categories was identified.

2. The source categories were ranked in descending order according to their level 

contribution to total EC greenhouse gas emissions in 2000. Those source categories 
contributing together 95 % of total greenhouse emissions are defined as key source 
categories in the first stage (level assessment). For the EC, 15 key source categories were 
identified in this stage.

Methodologies

29

3. The source categories were ranked in descending order according to their trend 

contribution to the overall EC trend of greenhouse gas emissions 1990 to 2000 (deviation 
from average trend multiplied by share). Again, those source categories contributing 
95 % to the trend of total EC greenhouse emissions are defined as key source categories 
in this stage (trend assessment). For the EC, 19 key source categories were identified in 
this stage.

This procedure resulted in the identification of 22 key source categories for the EC for 2000. 
The EC key sources are listed in Table 23 and ranked according to their level contribution to 
total EC GHG emissions in 2000. The last column of Table 23 indicates if the source category 
was identified as key source in the level or trend assessment, or both.

EC greenhouse gas source categories identified as key sources (emissions in Gg of CO2 equivalents)

Table 23

Greenhouse gas source categories

Gas

1.A.1.Energy industries

1.A.3.Transport

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.2.Manufacturing industries and construction

4.D. Agricultural soils

4.A. Enteric fermentation

2.A.  Mineral products

6.A.  Solid waste disposal on land

2.B.  Chemical industry 

4.B.  Manure management

2 .F. Consumption of halocarbons and SF6

4.B.   Manure management

1.B.2. Oil and natural gas

2.C.  Metal production

1.A.3.Transport

1.B.1. Solid fuels

2 .E. Production of halocarbons and SF6

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.4.Other sectors

1.A.5.Other

2.C. Metal production

2.B. Chemical industry

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

N2O

CH4

CO2

CH4

N2O

CH4

HFC

N2O

CH4

CO2

N2O

CH4

HFC

N2O

CH4

CO2

PFC

HFC

GHG 
emissions 
in 1990 
(Gg)

GHG 
emissions 
in 1990 
(Gg)

1.147.013

1.092.146

694.767

822.954

635.943

619.478

649.732

594.615

198.043

189.726

143.991

131.367

111.937

111.009

133.016

105.126

33.095

362

33.457

32.429

25.663

11.681

50.310

21.373

11.217

10.508

19.431

11.825

2.340

98.641

46.422

33.118

29.723

29.100

27.962

24.024

23.721

20.601

17.562

7.926

7.251

7.091

4.613

0

Cumulative 
total in 
2000 (%)

Key source 
assessment

26,9

47,2

62,4

77,1

81,8

85,0

87,7

90,2

91,3

92,1

92,9

93,6

94,3

94,9

95,4

95,9

96,4

96,6

96,7

96,9

97,0

97,0

L, T

L, T

L, T

L, T

L

L, T

L, T

L, T

L, T

L

L, T

L, T

L, T

L

L, T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Note: The last column indicates if the source category was identified as key source in the level (L) or trend (T) 
assessment, or both.

The tables in the following chapters show for each EC key source category the contribution of 
the MS to the EC emissions in terms of level and trend according to the good practice 
guidance (IPCC, 2000). In addition, the tables include information on methods applied, 
emission factors, completeness and quality derived from the MS submissions. For the EC, the 
MS information is summarised in the bottom row of each table. The tables in the following 
chapters are also the basis for filling in CRF Table Summary 3 and CRF Table 7 for the EC. 
Within the following chapters, which are equivalent to the CRF source categories ‘Energy’, 
‘Industrial processes’, ‘Agriculture’ and ‘Waste’, the tables are listed according to CRF source 
categories.

30

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 24

Member State

Germany

United Kingdom

Italy

France

Spain

Netherlands

Belgium

Finland

Sweden

Austria

Greece

Portugal

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

Table 25

Member State

4.8.1.Energy

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 1.A.1. ‘Energy industries’ and information 
on methods applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

412.896

228.089

142.927

76.717

65.492

51.513

43.302

28.572

26.202

15.884

18.517

11.057

14.395

10.170

1.277

337.466

190.833

152.078

103.542

60.173

59.085

55.058

27.357

25.250

22.377

19.815

16.016

12.137

10.704

255

30,90

17,47

13,92

9,48

5,51

5,41

5,04

2,50

2,31

2,05

1,81

1,47

1,11

0,98

0,02

CS

T2

CS, C

C

CS

C

CS, T1

C

C, T2

CS (T2)

T1

C

CS

32,09

15,19

9,22

17,58

1,26

5,78

7,97

0,09

0,17

4,18

1,26

3,16

0,90

0,59

0,55

CS

CS

PS, C

CS

PS, CS

C, CS

CS, D

CS

C

CS, PS, D

PS, CS

CS

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL/IE

ALL

ALL

FULL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

1.147.013

1.092.146

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1, T2

C, CS, D, PS

ALL

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 1.A.2. ‘Manufacturing industries and construction’ and information 
on methods applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

Germany

196.457

139.425

United Kingdom

Italy

France

Spain

Netherlands

Belgium

Finland

Sweden

Austria

Greece

Portugal

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

94.133

86.908

84.924

44.530

41.889

33.023

14.358

11.776

8.450

9.792

8.797

5.605

3.833

5.258

86.510

82.159

81.081

58.203

43.003

32.344

15.956

12.558

10.607

10.415

10.056

5.823

4.743

1.734

23,45

14,55

13,82

13,64

9,79

7,23

5,44

2,68

2,11

1,78

1,75

1,69

0,98

0,80

0,29

46,46

0,42

3,02

3,87

CS

T2

C

20,08

CS, C

CS

C, T1

CS (T2)

CS

C

C

C, T2

C

T1

5,37

2,44

3,24

2,05

3,31

1,67

2,31

0,80

1,42

3,54

CS

CS

CS

PS, C

PS, CS

C, CS, D

CS/PS/D

CS

CS

C

C

CS

PS, CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

FULL

ALL

H

H

H

H

M

H

H

H

H

H

H

649.732

594.615

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, PS

C, CS, D, PS

ALL

H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000

Methodologies

31

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 1.A.3. ‘Transport’ and information on methods applied
and quality of these emission estimates

Table 26

Member State

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Spain

Netherlands

Belgium

Greece

Portugal

Sweden

Austria

Finland

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

162.281

119.159

116.581

101.769

57.656

29.085

19.610

18.039

11.221

18.736

11.944

12.475

10.381

4.961

870

182.910

137.783

123.046

121.189

85.118

35.120

23.999

21.678

19.633

19.568

16.937

12.379

12.028

10.115

1.451

22,23

16,74

14,95

14,73

10,34

4,27

2,92

2,63

2,39

2,38

2,06

1,50

1,46

1,23

0,18

CS

C/CS

T2

C

CS

CS

C/M/CS

CS

C

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

C, M, T1, T2

C, D, M

PART

C

C

CS

M

CS (M)

T1

C

C

CS

CS

CS

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

M

H

14,11

5,09

22,79

0,97

25,49

1,01

1,17

0,47

9,61

3,98

4,23

3,63

0,41

6,42

0,64

694.767

822.954

100,00

100,00

C, CS, M, 
T1, T2

C, CS, D, M ALL, 
PART

H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to N2O emissions from 1.A.3. ‘Transport’ and information on methods applied
and quality of these emission estimates

Table 27

Member State

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Italy

Spain

Belgium

Finland

Greece

Sweden

Netherlands

Austria

Portugal

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

3.193

1.345

1.626

1.734

851

267

631

515

451

376

307

137

150

87

12

5.175

4.202

3.668

3.386

2.080

730

685

676

625

621

558

508

384

373

51

21,81

17,72

15,46

14,27

8,77

3,08

2,89

2,85

2,63

2,62

2,35

2,14

1,62

1,57

0,21

22,51

CS

25,28

T2/T3

CS

D

C/CS

C/M/CS

6,30

2,32

6,05

3,21

C

C, M

10,25

CS (M)

6,36

5,01

2,45

C

CS

CS/T3 (road)

1,11 M

3,96

C

1,38

3,38

0,44

T1

C

C, M

CS/M

C

CS

CS

CS

C

C

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

M

L

L

L

L

L

L

M

M

L

11.681

23.721

100,00

100,00

C, CS, M, 
T1, T2, T3

C, CS, D, M ALL, 
PART

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

32

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 28

Member State

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 1.A.4. ‘Other sectors’ and information on methods applied and 
quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

Germany

United Kingdom

203.439

112.538

170.159

118.322

France

Italy

Spain

Netherlands

Belgium

Austria

Ireland

Greece

Sweden

Denmark

Finland

Portugal

Luxembourg

EU15

Table 29

Member State

France

United Kingdom

Spain

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal

Finland

Denmark

Sweden

Austria

Greece

Belgium

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

94.375

75.914

25.953

34.643

28.005

13.908

9.726

5.341

10.673

8.959

7.571

3.621

1.277

97.258

76.197

34.436

32.935

30.425

13.638

10.364

8.530

7.627

7.482

5.796

5.040

1.268

27,47

19,10

15,70

12,30

5,56

5,32

4,91

2,20

1,67

1,38

1,23

1,21

0,94

0,81

0,20

CS

T2

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

C

CS

C, T1

C, D

CS

T1

C

CS

C

CS

CS

C

CS

CS

CS (T2, T1)

CS/D

C, T2

C

40,70

12,64

7,74

3,27

13,30

1,18

4,57

0,13

1,29

4,83

4,02

1,81

2,29

2,20

0,03

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

FULL

ALL

ALL

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

M

H

635.943

619.478

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1,T2 C, CS, D

ALL

H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to CH4 emissions from 1.A.4 ‘Other sectors’ and information on methods applied and 
quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

3.043

1.468

838

2.684

326

420

406

268

127

221

351

163

91

90

12

2.741

37,81

700

695

603

486

400

305

303

244

215

211

209

76

53

9

9,65

9,58

8,32

6,71

5,52

4,21

4,18

3,37

2,96

2,91

2,89

1,04

0,72

0,12

C

T2

C

CS

CS

C+T2

CS

CS/C/D

C

CS

CS

C

CS (T2, T1)

CS/PS

C

CS

CS

C

C

T1

CS/C/D

CS

CS

C

C, O

C

20,01

9,78

3,65

38,97

8,16

3,45

0,78

3,68

4,90

1,95

0,96

3,02

0,39

0,29

0,02

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

L

L

L

M

M

M

L

M

L

L

10.508

7.251

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1, T2

C, CS, D, O, PS ALL

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

Methodologies

33

MS contribution to N2O emissions from 1.A.4 ‘Other sectors’ and information on methods applied
and quality of these emission estimates

Table 30

Member State

France

United Kingdom

Spain

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal

Finland

Denmark

Sweden

Austria

Greece

Belgium

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

3.043

1.468

838

2.684

326

420

406

268

127

221

351

163

91

90

12

2.741

37,81

700

695

603

486

400

305

303

244

215

211

209

76

53

9

9,65

9,58

8,32

6,71

5,52

4,21

4,18

3,37

2,96

2,91

2,89

1,04

0,72

0,12

C

T2

C

CS

CS

C+T2

CS

CS/C/D

C

CS

CS

C

CS (T2, T1)

CS/PS

C

CS

CS

C

C

T1

CS/C/D

CS

CS

C

C, O

C

20,01

9,78

3,65

38,97

8,16

3,45

0,78

3,68

4,90

1,95

0,96

3,02

0,39

0,29

0,02

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

L

L

L

M

M

M

L

M

L

L

10.508

7.251

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D, O, PS ALL

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 1.A.5 ‘Other’ and information on methods applied
and quality of these emission estimates

Table 31

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

5.265

11.760

972

1.210

84

119

12

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.902

1.798

986

900

394

111

0

0

0

0

0

0

NO

0

0

40,93

25,36

13,91

12,69

5,56

1,56

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

T2

CS

CS

CS

CS (T2, T1)

CS/D

CS

CS

C+T2

NE

C

CS

CS

C

CS

NA

NA

19,61

49,85

12,62

9,16

7,27

1,34

0,09

0,06

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

19.431

7.091

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

M

H

M

L

ALL/IE

M

IE

NO

NO

PART

NE

NO

NE

NO

ALL, NE, 
PART

H, L, 
M

Member State

United Kingdom

Germany

Finland

Italy

Sweden

Denmark

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

France

Greece

Belgium

Ireland

Austria

Luxembourg

EU15

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

34

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 32

Member State

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Spain

Greece

Denmark

Italy

Finland

Belgium

Sweden

Portugal

Ireland

Austria

Netherlands

Luxembourg

EU15

Table 33

Member State

MS contribution to 1.B.1. ‘Fugitive CH4 emissions from solid fuels’ and information on methods applied and 
quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

25.767

17.203

4.331

1.789

926

69

111

21

25

0

66

0

0

0

0

9.968

5.565

2.564

1.209

1.140

70

51

21

13

0

0

0

0

0

0

48,39

27,01

12,45

5,87

5,54

0,34

0,25

0,10

0,06

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

CS

T2

C

T1

T1

CS

C

CS

C, T2

NA

C

IE

13,95

35,40

18,91

11,40

18,21

0,99

0,14

0,30

0,06

0,00

0,65

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

CS

CS

CS

CS

IPCC

CS

C

CS

C

NA

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

ALL

PART

NO

PART

IE

L

M

M

M

L

L

M

NA

L

50.310

20.601

100,00

100,00

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D

ALL, PART L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to 1.B.2. ‘Fugitive CH4 emissions from oil and natural gas’ and information on methods 
applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contributed 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

United Kingdom

10.779

Germany

Italy

Netherlands

France

Belgium

Spain

Denmark

Portugal

Austria

Ireland

Luxembourg

Greece

Finland

Sweden

EU15

7.014

6.665

3.754

2.471

747

514

193

35

95

127

28

5

4

0

8.268

7.358

5.513

2.756

1.916

892

577

249

142

120

87

44

32

8

0

29,57

26,31

19,72

9,86

6,85

3,19

2,06

0,89

0,51

0,43

0,31

0,16

0,11

0,03

0,00

25,93

33,12

5,91

12,16

5,44

6,28

3,37

2,09

2,81

0,97

0,56

0,52

0,71

0,12

0,10

T3

CS

CS

C

CS

CS

CS

CS

C, CS, O

CS, O

C, T2

C

T1

C

CS

CS

C

CS

CS

C

PS

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

ALL

PART

ALL

PART

ALL

M

M

L

M

M

M

L

M

M

L

32.429

27.962

100,00

100,00

C, CS, O, T1, 
T2, T3

C, CS, O, PS ALL, 
PART

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

Methodologies

35

4.8.2. Industrial processes

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 2.A. ‘Mineral products’ and information on methods
 applied and quality of these emission estimates

Table 34

Member State

Germany

Italy

Spain

France

United Kingdom

Greece

Belgium

Portugal

Austria

Ireland

Sweden

Denmark

Finland

Sweden

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

24.664

24.193

14.289

13.612

9.629

6.984

4.569

3.426

3.975

941

1.765

1.005

1.175

1.124

585

23.502

22.722

17.488

10.935

8.534

7.625

5.298

4.511

3.056

1.693

1.592

1.453

1.072

981

547

21,17

20,47

15,75

9,85

7,69

6,87

4,77

4,06

2,75

1,53

1,43

1,31

0,97

0,88

0,49

CS

CS

ALL

CS, C, D, T2

CS, C, D, T2

PART

C

T2

C

CS

D,C

C,CS

D

CS

D

CS

CS

D

C

CS

D,C

CS

D

CS

PS/D

PS, CS

ALL

PART

ALL

PART

PART

PART

PART

ALL

PART

ALL

H

H

H

H

M

M

M

H

H

M 

6,73

8,93

23,33

18,03

7,13

4,91

5,39

7,83

6,23

5,34

1,11

3,21

0,66

0,94

0,23

111.937

111.009

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, T2

C, CS, D, PS, 
T2

ALL, 
PART

H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to N2O emissions from 2.B. ‘Chemical industry’ and information on methods
applied and quality of these emission estimates

Table 35

Member State

France

Italy

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Germany

Belgium

Spain

Finland

Ireland

Sweden

Portugal

Greece

Austria

Denmark

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

24.745

6.748

7.554

29.270

25.420

3.559

2.884

1.595

1.035

814

603

713

186

0

0

9.662

7.804

7.119

6.182

5.089

4.130

2.307

1.321

812

643

606

567

180

0

0

20,81

16,81

15,33

13,32

10,96

8,90

4,97

2,85

1,75

1,38

1,31

1,22

0,39

0,00

0,00

4,47

17,05

13,37

23,84

21,69

9,04

3,65

2,18

1,26

1,00

1,20

0,89

0,35

0,00

0,00

C

CS/PS

CS/T1

PS

CS

C,CS

C

D

D

C

D,C

C

C

PS

CS/PS

CS/PS

C,CS

CS,C

PS

CS

CS

D,C

C

PS

ALL

CS

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

PART

ALL

ALL

PART

M

L

M

M

M

M

L

M

M

M

105.126

46.422

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, PS, 
T1

C, CS, D, PS ALL, 
PART

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

An overview table on MS contribution to HFC emissions from 2.B. ‘Chemical industry’ is not 
given here, because HFC emissions from 2.B ‘Chemical industry’ were only reported by 
Germany.

36

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 36

Member State

Austria

United Kingdom

France

Sweden

Spain

Belgium

Italy

Germany

Greece

Luxembourg

Portugal

Netherlands

Denmark

Finland

Ireland

EU15

Table 37

Member State

Netherlands

Germany

France

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Portugal

Greece

Italy

Austria

Denmark

Belgium

Finland

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

MS contribution to CO2 emissions from 2.C. ‘Metal production’ and information on methods 
applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

8.461

3.161

4.520

2.445

1.579

1.671

1.804

904

232

850

35

0

0

0

0

8.591

3.187

3.012

2.976

1.812

1.601

1.592

787

252

131

60

22

0

0

0

35,76

13,27

12,54

12,39

7,54

6,67

6,63

3,28

1,05

0,55

0,25

0,09

0,00

0,00

0,00

16,42

5,58

29,89

16,85

8,18

0,91

2,37

1,45

0,85

16,29

0,68

0,53

0,00

0,00

0,00

C

T2

C

CS

C

CS

CS

C

D+C

CS

NO

NA

CS,PS

PART

CS

CS

CS

C

CS

CS

C

D+C

PS, CS

NO

NA

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

IE

NO

M

H

H

H

H

H

H 

M

IE

NA

25.663

24.024

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, T2 C, CS, S, PS

ALL, PART H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to PFC emissions from 2.C. ‘Metal production’ and information on methods applied and 
quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

2.398

2.486

2.290

828

440

2.031

157

258

0

937

0

0

0

NE

0

1.390

1.167

854

367

264

203

157

148

62

0

0

0

0

0

0

30,14

25,30

18,51

7,96

5,72

4,40

3,40

3,22

1,35

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

PS

CS

PS

CS

D

CS

T1

22,87

9,91

1,98

2,22 NO

4,64

T2

29,64

T2/PS

D

4,81

2,41

3,13

18,39

0,00

0,00

0,00 NO

0,00 NA

NO

NA

NO

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

ALL

M

H

H

M

M

L

NO

NO

ALL

NP

NE

NO

NE 

0,00

100

CS, D, PS, 
T1, T2

CS, D, PS

ALL, NE, 
PART

H, L, 
M

11.825

4.613

100,00

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

Methodologies

37

MS contribution to HFC emissions from 2.E. ‘Production of halocarbons and SF6’ and information on
methods applied and quality of these emission estimates

Table 38

Member State

Spain

United Kingdom

Greece

Netherlands

France

Italy

Germany

Denmark

Belgium

Finland

Portugal

Ireland

Austria

Sweden

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

2.403

11.373

935

4.432

2.230

0

NE

0

0

0

0

NE

0

NO

–

6.395

4.317

3.744

2.834

251

22

NE

0

0

0

0

0

0

NO

0

36,41

24,58

21,32

16,14

1,43

0,13

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

29,79

33,89

20,06

5,44

10,66

0,15

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

D,CS,T2

D,PS,T2

CS

D

PS

CS

NO

NA

T2/PS

T1

CS/T2

CS

NE

NO

NA

NO

H

H

M

M

NO

H

NE

NO

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

NE

ALL

NO

ALL

NE

NO

NO

21.373

17.562

100,00

100,00

CS, D, PS, T1, T2 CS, S, PS, T2 ALL, NE H, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

Member State

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Spain

Italy

Netherlands

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Greece

Finland

Sweden

Portugal

Ireland

Luxembourg

EU15

MS contribution to HFC emissions from 2.F. ‘Consumption of halocarbons and SF6’
and information on methods applied and quality of these emission estimates

Table 39

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

0

23

1

0

0

0

4

332

0

0

0

3

0

NE

–

362

7.700

6.723

5.000

3.483

1.763

1.079

1.033

804

730

537

502

369

0

0

0

25,91

22,62

16,82

11,72

5,93

3,63

3,48

2,71

2,46

1,81

1,69

1,24

0,00

0,00

0,00

14,54

T2

CS/T2

T2

D,CS

CS

D/CS

D, CS, T2

D,PS,T2

M, CS/T2

CS

CS

CS

T2, T1a & 
T1b

D

T2

NA

D,CS

NA

9,20

9,34

6,58

3,33

2,04

1,38

50,00

1,38

1,01

0,90

0,30

0,00

0,00

0,00

PART

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

PART

ALL

PART

ALL

ALL

NE

NE

L

M

H

L

M

M

M

M

NE 

29.723

100,00

100,00

CS, D, M, 
T1a, T1b

CS, D, PS, 
T2

ALL, NE, 
PART

H, L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

38

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 40

Member State

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Spain

Italy

Ireland

Netherlands

Belgium

Sweden

Greece

Denmark

Austria

Portugal

Finland

Luxembourg

EU15

Table 41

Member State

Spain

Germany

Italy

France

Portugal

Belgium

United Kingdom

Netherlands

Ireland

Denmark

Austria

Greece

Sweden

Finland

Luxembourg

EU15

4.8.3.Agriculture

MS contribution to CH4 emissions from 4.A. ‘Enteric fermentation’ and information on methods 
applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

30.836

28.035

19.078

12.490

13.625

9.506

8.439

4.617

3.219

2.976

3.152

3.243

2.606

1.824

346

29.133

20.890

18.138

14.070

12.744

9.664

6.708

4.384

2.995

2.920

2.673

2.597

2.581

1.543

327

22,18

15,90

13,81

10,71

9,70

7,36

5,11

3,34

2,28

2,22

2,03

1,98

1,96

1,17

0,25

C

CS

T2

CS

CS

D/CS

CS, T1, T2

T1, T2

D

CS, D

cattle 90: 
T2; rest: T1

cattle: CS; 
rest: T1

CS, M

T1, CS

T1, D

C

T1

T2

CS

D, CS

D

D, CS

D

CS/D

7,87

36,83

5,75

21,01

2,46

7,80

7,79

1,35

0,46

1,61

1,59

2,84

1,60

0,95

0,09

143.991

131.367

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, 
T1, T2

CS, D, T1, 
T2

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

M

M

M

M

M 

M

H

L, M

M

M 

H, L, 
M

MS contribution to CH4 emissions from 4.B. ‘Manure management’ and information on methods applied and 
quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

CS, T1, T2

T1, T2

5.827

5.665

3.990

3.518

3.464

2.385

2.329

2.173

1.294

898

577

497

254

199

24

7.843

4.425

3.895

3.635

3.098

2.412

2.208

1.855

1.396

858

504

472

285

209

23

23,68

13,36

11,76

10,98

9,35

7,28

6,67

5,60

4,21

2,59

1,52

1,43

0,86

0,63

0,07

43,86

27,14

2,14

2,49

8,04

0,55

2,67

6,96

2,20

0,88

1,60

0,54

0,68

0,22

0,04

33.095

33.118

100,00

100,00

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

M

M

M

M

M 

L

CS

CS

D (CS)

CS

D/CS

D/CSCS 
(=D,corrected)

CS, D

ALL

M

CS

D

D, CS

CS/D

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

L

H

M 

CS, D, T1, T2

ALL

H, L, M

CS

CS/T2

T2

CS, M

T2

CS

D

C

T1

T1, T2

T2

C, CS, D, 
M. T1, T2

MS contribution to N2O emissions from 4.B. ‘Manure management’ and information on methods applied
and quality of these emission estimates

Table 42

Methodologies

39

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

Member State

Germany

Italy 

France

Belgium

Spain

United Kingdom

Portugal

Ireland

Sweden

Denmark

Finland

Greece

Netherlands

Austria

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

17.771

13.838

3.846

2.960

1.900

1.444

1.514

1.127

645

727

462

554

301

205

0

0

3.856

2.836

1.905

1.450

1.434

1.212

680

586

440

402

266

195

0

0

47,55

13,25

46,37

14,63

9,74

6,55

4,98

4,93

4,17

2,34

2,01

1,51

1,38

0,91

0,67

0,00

7,48

7,23

5,56

3,36

6,63

3,41

1,34

1,09

2,29

0,11

0,50

0,00

NE

T2

M

CS, D

T1

T2

D

T1, T2

D

T1

CS, D

T2

CS

D

D/CS

D (CS)

CS, D

D, CS

D/CS

D

CS

NE

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

NE

M

M

M

M

M

L

L

NE 

L, M

33.457

29.100

100,00

100,00

CS, D, M, T1, 
T2

CS, D, T2

ALL, 
NE

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

MS contribution to N2O emissions from 4.D. ‘Agricultural soils’ and information on methods
applied and quality of these emission estimates

Table 43

Member State

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Italy 

Spain

Denmark

Netherlands

Ireland

Greece

Belgium

Portugal

Sweden

Finland

Austria

Luxembourg

EU15

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

51.975

30.926

30.353

20.337

16.023

9.797

6.650

6.445

6.501

4.910

4.791

3.792

4.373

1.024

146

51.571

27.351

26.829

20.554

18.570

7.853

7.352

6.666

6.370

4.891

4.634

3.603

3.496

987

0

26,65

14,42

14,14

10,83

9,79

4,14

3,87

3,51

3,36

2,58

2,44

1,90

1,84

0,52

0,00

5,62

16,45

16,25

7,73

23,26

11,07

7,09

3,55

1,03

1,35

0,31

0,21

5,01

0,04

1,01

T2

CS

T1a/T1b

T2

CS

D

ALL

ALL

ALL

CS, D

CS, D

ALL

CS

D

T1

CS, M

D

D, C

D

CS

CS

CS, D

D

CS, M

D

CS

D/CS

CS

ALL

PART

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

L

M

L

L

L

M

M

M

L

L 

198.043

190.726

100,00

100,00

C, CS, D, M, 
T1a, T1b, T2

CS, D, M, 
T2

ALL, 
PART

L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

40

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 44

Member State

Germany 

France

United Kingdom

Spain 

Italy 

Netherlands

Portugal 

Greece

Austria

Belgium

Sweden

Finland

Ireland

Denmark

Luxembourg

EU15

4.8.4.Waste

MS contribution to CH4 emissions from 6.A ‘Solid waste disposal on land’ and information on methods 
applied and quality of these emission estimates

GHG emissions 
in 1990
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

GHG emissions 
in 2000
(Gg CO2 
equivalents)

Percentage 
contribution 
to level

Percentage 
contribution 
to trend

Methods 
applied 1)

EF 1)

Esti-
mate 2)

Qua-
lity 2)

38.678

17.819

23.457

5.391

9.526

11.805

5.550

2.811

5.438

3.189

2.554

3.643

1.780

1.310

64

16.674

15.768

13.860

10.099

9.434

8.480

6.224

4.767

4.424

2.434

2.034

1.650

1.540

1.197

56

16,90

15,99

14,05

10,24

9,56

8,60

6,31

4,83

4,48

2,47

2,06

1,67

1,56

1,21

0,06

CS

CS/T2

M

T2

CS

D

T1

CS

T2

D

D

35,59

7,57

10,48

18,08

7,02

0,81

6,25

7,95

1,16

0,20

0,42

3,12

0,65

0,67

0,02

CS

CS/T2

CS

CS/T2

CS

D(CS)

D

CS

D, CS

D/CS

CS, D

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

ALL

L

L

L

M

M

H

L

M

L

M

133.016

98.641

100,00

100,00

CS, D, M, T1, T2

CS, D, T2

ALL

H, L, M

1) Information source: CRF Summary Table 3 for 2000.
2) Information source: CRF Table 7 for 2000.

4.9. Quality assessment/quality control

The EC GHG inventory is based primarily on the annual inventories of the EC Member 
States. Therefore, the quality of the EC inventory depends: (1) on the quality of the MS 
inventories and the QA/QC procedures in place at MS level; and (2) the quality of the 
process of compilation of the EC inventory at EU level.

4.9.1.The procedure of initial checks
The initial checks of MS submissions performed by ETC-ACC, on behalf of EEA, are an 
essential component of the annual QA/QC procedure at EU level. The initial checks basically 
include two elements: (1) checks of MS submissions in terms of completeness of CRF tables 
(2) checks of consistency and comparability of MS GHG data.

The checks of completeness of MS submissions are carried out by using a similar status report 
form as used by the UNFCCC secretariat. The completed status reports are made available to 
MS (through the EIONET) and MS can check the status reports and update information, if 
needed. The status reports of the MS submissions as by 5 April 2002 are included in Annex B 
to this report.

The consistency check of MS data primarily aims at the identification of main problems in 
time series or subcategory sums. The ETC identifies problems mainly by comparison with the 
previous year’s inventory submission of the Member State. The ETC communicates main 
problems with specific source categories with the Member State’s officially nominated 
national expert (and/or national reference centre for air emissions) in order to obtain, if 
needed, a revised estimate for that source category before 1 March or latest before 1 April.

After the initial checks of the emission data, the ETC-ACC transfers the national data from 
the CRF tables into the ETC-ACC database on emissions of greenhouse gases and air 
pollutants. The version of the data received by ETC-ACC is numbered, in order to be traced 
back to their source. The ETC-ACC database is a relational database (MS ACCESS) and 
maintained and managed by UBA Vienna.

Methodologies

41

Additional annual checks are performed by Eurostat for CO2 emissions from fossil fuels (see 
Chapter 4.3).

4.9.2. Review by EC Member States
On 1 March, the draft EC GHG inventory and inventory report are circulated to the EC 
Member States for reviewing and commenting. The purpose of this review and commenting 
phase is to improve the quality of the EC inventory and inventory report. The MS check their 
national data and information used in the EC inventory report and send updates, if necessary, 
and review the EC inventory report. This procedure should assure the timely submission of 
the EC GHG inventory and inventory report to the UNFCCC secretariat and it should 
guarantee that the EC submission to the UNFCCC secretariat is consistent with the MS 
UNFCCC submissions.

4.9.3. The EC GHG trends report
A further element of the EC QA/QC procedure is the detailed analysis of GHG emission 
trends of the EC and each EC Member State after the submission of the EC inventory to the 
UNFCCC. This analysis is carried out in the annual EC GHG trend report (see EEA, 2001b). 
The purpose of the EC GHG trend report is not only to enhance the QA/QC of the EC GHG 
inventory, but also the following.

(cid:127) To identify and present progress of the EC as a whole towards fulfilling its greenhouse gas 
emission commitments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and the contribution of 
each Member State to the EC targets (distance-to-target assessment).

(cid:127) To present trends of greenhouse gas emissions in the EC and its Member States by gas and 
by key sources (sectoral assessment). Sectoral indicators, for socio-economic driving forces 
of greenhouse gas emissions, are identified and presented by using data from Eurostat or 
from Member States’ detailed inventories.

(cid:127) To identify decreasing or less increasing emission trends by comparing and analysing 
Member States’ key source emissions and, to provide main explanations, either socio-
economic developments or policies and measures, for these trends in some Member States 
(policy effectiveness assessment).

4.9.4. Overview of QA/QC procedures in place at MS level
The following Table 45 gives an overview of QA/QC procedures in place at MS level. The 
information is taken from the Member States national inventory reports 2002 and 2001. From 
the information available to EEA/ETC-ACC, the most advanced Member States are the 
United Kingdom and the Netherlands having quality management systems according to the 
ISO 9000 series in place for several years. Austria is about to implement a quality management 
system according to the EN 45000 series and is expected to be accredited in 2003.

Overview of QA/QC procedures in place at MS level as by 28 February 2002
(mainly excerpts from MS national inventory reports)

Table 45

Short description of the QA/QC procedures in place 
extracted from MS national inventory reports

Information source

Austria

The Austrian Federal Environment Agency as the responsible 
body for compiling the national greenhouse gas emissions 
inventory is currently implementing a quality management 
following EN 45000, a series of European standards similar to the 
ISO 9000 series. The Federal Environment Agency has decided 
to implement a quality management system based on the 
European standard EN 45004, which specifies general criteria for 
the operation of various types of bodies performing inspections. 
The full implementation of the system is foreseen for June 2001, 
the accreditation of the Federal Environment Agency as 
inspection body according to EN 45004 is foreseen for 2003. The 
QA/QC system which is currently implemented at the Federal 
Environment Agency is fully compatible with the requirements of 
the IPCC Good Practice Guidance (IPCC, 2000).

Umweltbundesamt Austria’s 
national inventory report 
2001. Submission under the 
United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate 
Change 2001, Vienna, July 
2001

42

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Denmark

In the preparation of Denmark’s annual emission inventories 
some quality control (QC) is performed. Apart from UNFCCC’s 
in-depth-reviews, quality assurance (QA) with independent 
review of the inventories has not yet been carried out. Future 
work to improve the Danish emission inventories will include 
further elaboration of how formal QA/QC procedures could be 
implemented.

Finland

The quality-management system for the Finnish greenhouse gas 
inventory is currently under development and will be 
implemented in the inventory of the year 2002 emissions. The 
inventory of the year 2000 emissions is not verified by a third 
party.

France

Nether-
lands

Sweden

United 
Kingdom

All actions concerning the improvement of QA/QC will be 
reinforced, in particular by adaptation of QA/QC instruments 
and procedures, extended consultation with experts in different 
fields, the ISO 9001 certification of the institution compiling the 
inventory, etc. 

In 1997, the quality-assurance system ISO 9001 was introduced 
to ascertain the quality of the monitoring process related to the 
pollutant emission register (PER). All procedural activities by the 
Inspectorate for Environmental Protection of the Ministry of 
Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM/HIMH), 
the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research 
(TNO) and the National Institute of Public Health and 
Environment (RIVM) are subject to this quality control as well as 
the maintenance of the PER database by RIVM. However, the 
activities of actual data collection and emission calculations by 
the task groups are not yet part of the formal ISO quality-
assurance programme. A number of external reviews have been 
conducted regarding GHG emission data in recent years, 
although the contents of the PER as a whole is not subject to 
regular external reviews.
An inventory improvement programme was started with the 
creation of the working group emission monitoring of 
greenhouse gases. 

In the preparation of Sweden’s annual emission inventories some 
quality control (QC) is performed. Apart from the UNFCCC’s in-
depth-reviews, quality assurance (QA) with independent review 
of the inventories has not yet been carried out. For some parts 
of the Swedish emission inventories good practice has been 
implemented, except for QA.
Sweden will during the next years improve the Swedish emission 
inventories and will include further elaboration of how formal 
QA/QC procedures could be implemented upon the IPCC’s 
good practice guidance.

The UK QA/QC system complies with the Tier 1 procedures 
outlined in the good practice guidance (IPCC, 2000). Plans are 
underway to develop the system and extend the range of 
activities so that the system complies with Tier 2. A detailed QA/
QC activities schedule until 2004 is presented with external peer 
reviews for key sources starting in 2001.

The inventory has been subject to ISO 9000 since 1994 and is 
liable to audit by Lloyds and the AEAT internal QA auditors. The 
national atmospheric emissions inventory has been audited 
favourably by Lloyds on two occasions in the last three years. The 
emphasis of these audits was on authorisation of personnel to 
work on inventories, document control, data tracking and 
spreadsheet checking. As part of the inventory management 
structure there is a nominated officer responsible for the QA/QC 
system —the QA/QC coordinator.

National Environmental 
Research Institute Denmark’s 
national inventory report. 
Submitted under the United 
Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate 
Change 1990–99 Ministry of 
Environment and Energy, 
April 2001

Ministry of the Environment 
Finland’s national inventory 
report on greenhouse gases 
to the United Nations 
Framework Convention on 
Climate Change. Common 
reporting formats (CRF): 
1990–2000. Summary, 
Helsinki, 22 March 2002

CITEPA Inventaire des 
émissions de gaz à effet de 
serre en France au titre de la 
convention cadre des Nations 
Unies sur le changement 
climatique, Décembre 2001

J.G.J. Olivier, et al.: 
Greenhouse gas emissions in 
the Netherlands 1990–99. 
National inventory report 
2001, RIVM report 773201 
005, April 2001

S. Fink, et al. Sweden’s 
national inventory report. 
Submitted under the United 
Nations Convention on 
Climate Change Swedish 
Environmental Protection 
Agency, April 2002

AG Salway, et al.: UK 
greenhouse gas 
inventory,1990 to 1999. 
Annual report for submission 
under the Framework 
Convention on Climate 
Change, March 2001 

Methodologies

43

4.10. Differences between EU submission and MS submissions in 2001

In the draft synthesis and assessment report 2001 and the draft centralised review report 2001, 
inconsistencies between the EC submission and the sum of the EC MS submissions to the 
UNFCCC secretariat were identified (Table 46).

Inconsistencies between the EC submission 2001 and the sum of the EC MS submissions 2001

Table 46

CO2

CO2 removals

CH4

N2O

Sum of MS submissions 
2001

EC submission 2001

Differential

3284922

-139918

17387

1098

3270520

-200984

17445

1092

14402

61066

58

6

Note: All values are in Gg and for the inventory year 1999.

In December 2001, the UNFCCC secretariat sent the GHG data of the EC MS from the 
UNFCCC database to the ETC-ACC. A comparison of these data with the data submitted by 
the EC revealed the reasons for the inconsistencies. The most important reason for the 
inconsistencies in 2001 was late submissions of Belgium and Luxembourg after (15 April 
2001). For these MS, data gap filling as described in Chapter 4.1.2 was performed in order to 
compile a complete EC GHG inventory by 15 April 2001. Table 47 shows that for Belgium the 
data gap filling procedure produced CO2 emissions of 116 998 Gg, whereas in the Belgian 
submission to the UNFCCC secretariat CO2 emissions were 126 491 Gg, which is a difference 
of 9 493 Gg.

A second reason is the reporting in category 5 of CRF Table Summary 1.A. Footnote five 
requires Parties to report net emissions (emissions – removals) from LUCF in each 
subcategory 5 and in the total sum of category 5. Only a single number should be placed in 
either the CO2 emissions or CO2 removals column, as appropriate. Thirteen Member States 
reported net removals from LUCF for 1999, two Member States (Greece and the United 
Kingdom) reported net CO2 emissions. At EU level, CO2 removals were larger than CO2 
emissions. Therefore, net removals were reported that resulted from adding the net removals 
of the 13 MS and deducting the net emissions of Greece and the United Kingdom. This 
means that total CO2 emissions at EU level do not include net emissions from LUCF of 
Greece and the United Kingdom. (In turn, net emissions from LUCF of Greece and the 
United Kingdom reduce net removals of the EU.) The sum of CO2 emissions of the national 
submissions to the UNFCCC secretariat includes net emissions of Greece and the United 
Kingdom and therefore is higher. (Then, also the sum of CO2 removals should be higher.)

The reasons for differences in CO2 removals referred to in Table 46 could not be identified, 
since net CO2 emissions/removals from LUCF as provided by the Member States and the EC 
submission are almost consistent (see Table 47). The slight inconsistencies in net CO2 
emissions/removals from LUCF are due to the late submission of Belgium.

The differences in CH4 and N2O emissions are due to late reporting of Belgium and 
Luxembourg.

44

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 47

Breakdown of the inconsistencies between the EC submission 2001 
and the sum of the EC MS submissions 2001

Total CO2 emissions

Net CO2 emissions/removals from LUCF 1)

MS 
submission 
2001

EC 
submission 
2001

Differential

MS 
submission 
2001

EC 
submission 
2001

Differential

65.778

126.491

56.976

64.186

404.695

858.511

98.646

41.887

65.778

116.998

56.976

64.186

404.695

858.511

98.452

41.887

456.533

456.533

5.432

174.126

57.882

281.059

56.458

536.261

5.449

174.126

57.882

281.059

56.458

531.529

0

9.493

0

0

0

0

194

0

0

-17

0

0

0

0

4.732

-7.633

-1.845

-976

-10.821

-68.995

-33.430

194

-6.734

-16.099

-295

-1.700

-4.692

-29.252

-24.305

4.732

-7.633

-977

-976

-10.821

-68.995

-33.430

194

-6.734

-16.099

-295

-1.700

-4.692

-29.252

-24.305

4.732

0

-868

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.284.922

3.270.519

14.402

-201.851

-200.983

-868

Total CH4 emissions

Total N2O emissions

MS 
submission 
2001

EC 
submission 
2001

Differential

MS 
submission 
2001

EC 
submission 
2001

Differential

454

523

269

187

2.841

3.271

513

634

1.965

23

1.034

604

2.145

294

2.631

454

581

269

187

2.841

3.271

514

634

1.965

23

1.034

604

2.145

294

2.631

0

-58

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

40

31

25

254

141

33

33

129

0,3

73

28

142

23

138

7

34

31

25

254

141

33

33

129

0,8

73

28

142

23

138

17.387

17.445

-58

1.098

1.092

0

6,5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-0,5

0

0

0

0

0

6

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

UK

EU

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

UK

EU

1) Remaining inconsistencies in CO2 removals referred to in Table 46 could not be explained by comparing MS 

and EU data.

Note: All values are in Gg and for the inventory year 1999.

Methodologies

45

4.11. Software tools provided by EEA

The EEA/ETC-ACC provides software tools to MS to compile national GHG inventories and 
to convert their national inventory from Corinair-SNAP source category codes into the 
required CRF source categories. The main software tools are CollectER, for compiling and 
updating national emission inventories, and ReportER, for reporting the emissions in the 
required format, e.g. CRF. In addition, separate software tools are available to prepare 
estimates of emissions from agriculture and road transport. These tools are being used by 
several EU MS. The EEA/ETC-ACC adapts the tools regularly to latest changes in reporting 
requirements. The tools are available at http://etc-acc.eionet.eu.int/.

4.12. Completeness of the EC inventory

The EC inventory report 2002 includes the complete CRF tables for 1990–2000 for the EU. All 
tables that can be filled in at EU level on the basis of MS submissions have been filled in (CRF 
Table Summary 1.A, Summary 1.B, Summary 2, Summary 3, Table 7, Table 8(a), Table 10, and 
Table 11). The tables on the reference approach (Table 1.A(b), Table 1.A(c) and Table 
1.A(d)) have been compiled on the basis of Eurostat energy data as described in Chapter 4.3.

All sectoral emission and sectoral background activity tables (except Table 1.A(b), Table 
1.A(c), Table 1.A(d)) are also provided in the CRF, but filled in with NE. These tables cannot 
be compiled at EU level, since not all MS provided these tables. More detailed information on 
the completeness of the EC inventory is included in CRF Table 11 in Annex A.

46

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

References

Bericht 2001 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland über ein System zur Beobachtung der 
Emissionen von CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen entsprechend der Ratsentscheidung 
1999/296/EG

CITEPA 2000. Inventaire des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en France au cours de la periode 1990–99. 
Décembre 2000

CITEPA 2001. Inventaire des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en France au titre de la convention cadre 
des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique. Décembre 2001

EEA 2001a. Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–99. Submission to the 
Secretariat of the UNFCCC. Technical report No. 60. European Environment Agency, 
Copenhagen

EEA 2001b. European Community and Member States greenhouse gas emission trends 1990–99. Topic 
report 10/2001. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen

European Commission 2000. Guidelines under the Council Decision 1999/296/EC for a monitoring 
mechanism of Community CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. Part I: Guidelines for Member States 
and EC annual inventories. 1 September 2000

Fink, S. et al. 2002 Sweden’s national inventory report. Submitted under the United Nations 
Convention on Climate Change, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, April 2002

IPCC 1997. Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPCC 2000. Good practice guidance and uncertainty management in national greenhouse gas 
inventories, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente 2001. Spain’s greenhouse gases inventory report. Submission 2001. 
Council Decision 1999/296/EC. Madrid, February 2001

Ministry of the Environment 2001a. Finland’s national inventory report on greenhouse gases to the 
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Common reporting formats (CRF): 
1990–99. Summary. Helsinki, 27 March 2001

Ministry of the Environment 2001b. Finland’s national inventory report on greenhouse gases to the 
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Common reporting formats (CRF): 
1990–2000. Summary. Helsinki, 14 December 2001

Ministry of the Environment 2002a. Finland’s national inventory report on greenhouse gases to the 
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Common reporting formats (CRF): 
1990–2000. Summary. Helsinki, 22 March 2002

Ministry of the Environment 2002b.Greenhouse gas emissions inventories report from Spain 
1990–2000. Communication to the European Commission (Decision 1999/296/CE) Ministry of the 
Environment, Directorate-General for Environmental Quality and Assessment, Madrid, 
March 2002

National Environmental Research Institute 2001 Denmark’s national inventory report. Submitted 
under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1990–99. Ministry of 
Environment and Energy, April 2001

References

47

Olivier, J.G.J. and Coenen, P.W.H.G. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990–
2000. National inventory report 2002. EU summary report 1990–2000. EU Draft, RIVM, December 
2001

Olivier, J.G.J. et al. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990–99. National inventory 
report 2001. RIVM report 773201 005, April 2001

Pipatti, R. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Finland. Emission trends 1990–99. Key 
sources. Methodologies, activity data and emission factors. VTT Energy, Technical Research Centre 
of Finland, 9 April 2001

Salway, A.G. Changes to the UK greenhouse gas inventory since the provisional inventory, March 2002

Salway, A.G. and Milne, R. 2001. Methodological changes to the UK greenhouse gas inventory, 
December 2001

Salway, A.G. et al. 2001. UK greenhouse gas inventory,1990 to 1999. Annual report for submission 
under the framework convention on climate change, March 2001

Sweden’s national inventory report 2001. Submitted under the United Nations Convention on Climate 
Change, April 2001

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2001. Report to the European Commission on carbon 
dioxide and other greenhouse gases in accordance with Council Decision 1999/296/EC. Part 1 Sweden’s 
national inventory report 2002. Sweden, 21 December 2001

Umweltbundesamt 2001. Austria’s national inventory report 2001, Submission under the United 
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2001. Vienna, July 2001

48

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Units and abbreviations

t

Mg

Gg

Tg

TJ

BKB 

CH4

CO2 

COP

CRF

CV

1 tonne (metric) = 1 megagram (Mg) = 106 g

megagram =106 g = 1 tonne (t)

1 gigagram =109 g = 1 kilotonne (kt)

1 teragram = 1012 g = 1 megatonne (Mt)

1 terajoule

lignite briquettes

methane

carbon dioxide

Conference of the Parties

Common reporting format

calorific value

DG ENV

European Commission, Directorate-General of the Environment

EC

EEA

European Community

European Environment Agency

EIONET 

European Environmental Information and Observation Network

ETC-ACC

European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change

EU

GHG

GWP

European Union

greenhouse gas

global warming potential

HFCs 

hydrofluorocarbons

JRC

Joint Research Centre

F-gases

fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6)

IE

IPCC

KP

included elsewhere

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Kyoto Protocol

LUCF

land-use change and forestry

LULUCF 

land-use, land-use change and forestry

Units and abbreviations

49

MS

N2O 

NA

NE

NO

member state

nitrous oxide

not applicable

not estimated

not occurring

PFCs 

perfluorocarbons

QA/QC

quality assurance/quality control

RIVM

National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (The Netherlands)

SF6 

sulphur hexafluoride

UBA Vienna

Federal Environment Agency Austria

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

50

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Annex A:
CRF tables for the European 
Community

The following tables are included in this report in printed form:

CRF tables

Summary 1.A

Summary 1.B

Summary 2

Summary 3

Table 1.A(b)

Table 1.A(c)

Table 1.A(d)

Table 7

Table 8(a)

Table 10

Summary report for national GHG inventories

Short summary report for national GHG inventories

Summary report for CO2 equivalent emissions

Summary report for methods and emission factors used

CO2 from fuel combustion activities – Reference approach

Comparison of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion

Feedstocks and non-energy use of fuels

Overview table for national GHG inventories

Recalculation – recalculated data

Emission trends

Years

2000

2000

2000

2000

1999

1999

1999

2000

1999

2000

These tables and also all other CRF tables are available electronically on CD-ROM and on the 
EEA website. For the completeness of the EC GHG submission see Chapter 4.11.

Summary 1.A 

Summary report for national GHG inventories. Year: 2000

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK CATEGORIES

CO2
 emissions

CO2
 removals

CH4

N2O

HFCs(1)

PFCs(1)

SF6

NOx

CO 

NMVOC

SO2

(Gg)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(Gg)

P

A

P

A

P

A

Total national emissions and removals

3.324.799,65

-180.681,00 16.274,78

1.090,68 NE 47.284,75 NE

6.845,78 NE

0,37

9.496,50 30.817,28 11.562,11

5.750,40

1. Energy

3.159.695,38

2.953,63

177,48

9.297,33 27.455,26

5.143,26

5.536,27

A. Fuel combustion 

Reference approach (2)

NE

Sectoral approach (2)

3.136.284,09

641,11

177,31

9.271,45

27.368,18

4.273,31

5.296,12

1.  Energy industries

1.092.146,22

2.  Manufacturing industries and construction                          

594.615,34

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

5.  Other

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.  Solid fuels

2.  Oil and natural gas

2.  Industrial processes

A.  Mineral products

B.  Chemical industry

C.  Metal production

D.  Other production (3)

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

G.  Other 

3.  Solvent and other product use

4.  Agriculture

A.  Enteric fermentation

B.  Manure management

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other 

822.954,46

619.477,52

7.090,54

23.411,29

8.098,30

15.313,00

150.528,17

111.009,09

11.136,03

24.023,82

1.224,73

3.134,50

5.353,34

2.045,62

78,84

47,64

62,53

27,28

153,67

345,28

0,79

2.312,52

981,02

1.331,50

76,52

25,57

0,30

0,17

0,01

0,16

1.607,93

365,56

78,35

3.526,84

1.162,89

2.992,01

110,29

1.058,25

5.148,73

17.895,96

3.177,66

285,12

1.311,21

6.061,18

899,86

418,40

40,69

53,47

7,15

7,51

25,88

87,08

869,95

240,15

1,09

54,90

5,90

7,66

24,79

32,19

864,05

232,48

21,57

149,94 NE 47.284,75 NE

6.845,78 NE

0,37

80,44

2.357,81

910,05

201,54

0,76

0,00

14,18

149,75 NE

0,00 NE

0,00 NE

0,00

11,65

32,61

22,90

298,33

59,32

299,39

6,37

0,03

4.613,46

0,09

20,00

2.261,31

20,05

17.561,99

84,70

0,00

NE

29.722,76 NE

2.147,62 NE

0,29

0,25

0,16 NE

0,00 NE

0,00 NE

0,00

11,11

0,00

8.015,08

707,01

6.255,55

1.577,06

93,87

111,22

(4)

2.045,62

(4)

0,00

63,92

612,02

0,00

7,33

0,00

0,00

1,12

0,00

48,13

83,09

52,57

17,75

0,00

0,02

0,01

0,01

0,00

16,19

14,28

274,01

0,00

0,08

0,00

18,26

2,02

3.619,25

64,48

152,83

451,53

0,65

0,09

441,14

0,00

9,65

0,00

26,49

0,00

0,00

37,98

152,83

0,00

0,00

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

51

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK CATEGORIES

CO2
 emissions

CO2
 removals

CH4

N2O

HFCs 1)

PFCs 1)

SF6

NOx

CO 

NMVOC

SO2

P

A

P

A

P

A

Summary report for national GHG inventories. Year: 2000, cont.

Summary 1.A

5.  Land-use change and forestry

A.  Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

E.  Other 

6.  Waste

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

B.  Wastewater handling

C.  Waste incineration

D.  Other

7.  Other (please specify)

Memo items: (7)

International bunkers

Aviation

Marine

Multilateral operations

CO2 Emissions from biomass

(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)

(6)

(6)

(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)

-

-

12.107,98

-

28.441,88

-

6.447,14

31,99

5.962,41

452,74

730,00

23.2247,49

103.155,97

129.091,52

0,00

14.3768,08

(Gg)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(Gg)

-180.681,00

121,94

19,13

4,85

94,39

1.324,58

0,00

-220.738,67

-208,27

-

31,21

0,91

2,68

94,39

0,00

-283,92

90,73

18,22

5.160,67

22,20

4.697,20

336,76

19,45

0,00

42,66

84,05

1,90

11,36

5,18

6,17

0,00

2,74

0,00

3,82 NE

0,00 NE

0,00 NE

0,00

4,59

1,86

2,73

0,00

2,17

0,00

1.324,58

0,00

49,33

754,96

113,45

12,56

19,13

29,67

0,00

0,00

49,04

735,69

0,29

0,00

0,14

0,00

4,60

46,95

32,22

0,00

11,93

0,64

0,00

1.902,07

367,86

234,58

1.111,49

407,74

247,42

93,85

21,00

1.494,33

120,44

140,72

1.090,50

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

P = Potential emissions based on Tier 1 approach of the IPCC guidelines. 
A = Actual emissions based on Tier 2 approach of the IPCC guidelines.
1) The emissions of HFCs and PFCs are to be expressed as CO2 equivalent emissions. Data on disaggregated 

emissions of HFCs and PFCs are to be provided in Table 2(II) of this common reporting format.

2)  For verification purposes, countries are asked to report the results of their calculations using the reference 

approach and to explain any differences with the sectoral approach. Where possible, the calculations using the 
sectoral approach should be used for estimating national totals. Do not include the results of both the 
reference approach and the sectoral approach in national totals.

3)  Other production includes pulp and paper and food and drink production.

Note: The numbering of footnotes to all tables containing more than one sheet continue to the next sheet. 

Common footnotes are given only once at the first point of reference.

4)  According to the IPCC guidelines (Volume 3. Reference manual, pp. 4.2, 4.87), CO2 emissions from agricultural 
soils are to be included under land-use change and forestry (LUCF). At the same time, the Summary report 7A 
(Volume 1. Reporting instructions, Table 27) allows for reporting CO2 emissions or removals from agricultural 
soils, either in the agriculture sector, under D. Agricultural soils or in the land-use change and forestry sector 
under D. Emissions and removals from soil. Parties may choose either way to report emissions or removals 
from this source in the common reporting format, but the way they have chosen to report should be clearly 
indicated, by inserting explanatory comments to the corresponding cells of Summary 1.A and Summary 1.B. 
Double-counting of these emissions or removals should be avoided. Parties should include these emissions or 
removals consistently in Table 8(a) (Recalculation – recalculated data) and Table 10 (Emission trends).
5) Please do not provide an estimate of both CO2 emissions and CO2 removals. ‘Net’ emissions (emissions - 
removals) of CO2 should be estimated and a single number placed in either the CO2 emissions or CO2 
removals column, as appropriate. Please note that for the purposes of reporting, the signs for uptake are 
always (-) and for emissions (+).

6)  Note that CO2 from waste disposal and incineration source categories should only be included if it stems from 

non-biogenic or inorganic waste streams.

7) Memo items are not included in the national totals.

52

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Summary 1.B 

Short summary report for national GHG inventories. Year: 2000

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK CATEGORIES

CO2 
emissions

CO2 
removals

CH4

N2O

HFCs(1)

PFCs(1)

SF6

NOx

CO

NMVOC

SO2

(Gg)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(Gg)

P

A

P

A

P

A

Total national emissions and removals

3.324.799,65

-180.681,00 16.274,78

1.090,68

- 47.284,75

-

6.845,78

-

0,37

9.496,50 30.817,28 11.562,11

5.750,40

1. Energy

3.159.695,38

2.953,63

177,48

9.297,33 27.455,26

5.143,26

5.536,27

A.  Fuel combustion

Reference approach(2)

NE

Sectoral approach(2)

3.136.284,09

641,11

177,31

9.271,45

27.368,18

4.273,31

5.296,12

5.  Land-use change and forestry

(4)

-

(4)

-18.0681,00

121,94

19,13

B.  Fugitive emissions from fuels

2.  Industrial processes

3.  Solvent and other product use

4.  Agriculture (3)

23.411,29

150.528,17

5.353,34

2.045,62

6.  Waste

7.  Other

Memo items:

International bunkers

Aviation

Marine

Multilateral operations

CO2 emissions from biomass

6.447,14

730,00

232.247,49

103.155,97

129.091,52

0,00

143.768,08

2.312,52

0,17

25,88

87,08

869,95

240,15

21,57

149,94

- 47.284,75

-

6.845,78

-

0,37

80,44

2.357,81

910,05

201,54

11,11

0,00

8.015,08

707,01

5.160,67

22,20

0,08

2,02

3.619,25

64,48

152,83

451,53

4,85

94,39

1.324,58

0,02

0,01

0,00

49,33

754,96

113,45

12,56

0,00

1,90

3,82 NE

0,00 NE

0,00 NE

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

11,36

5,18

6,17

0,00

4,59

1,86

2,73

0,00

1.902,07

367,86

234,58

1.111,49

407,74

247,42

93,85

21,00

1.494,33

120,44

140,72

1.090,50

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

P = Potential emissions based on Tier 1 approach of the IPCC guidelines.
A = Actual emissions based on Tier 2 approach of the IPCC guidelines.
1)  The emissions of HFCs and PFCs are to be expressed as CO2 equivalent emissions. Data on disaggregated 

emissions of HFCs and PFCs are to be provided in Table 2(II) of this common reporting format.

2)  For verification purposes, countries are asked to report the results of their calculations using the reference 

approach and to explain any differences with the sectoral approach in document box of Table1.A(c). Where 
possible, the calculations using the sectoral approach should be used for estimating national totals. Do not 
include the results of both the reference approach and the sectoral approach in national totals.

3)  See footnote 4 to Summary 1.A.
4)  Please do not provide an estimate of both CO2 emissions and CO2 removals. ‘Net’ emissions (emissions – 
removals) of CO2 should be estimated and a single number placed in either the CO2 emissions or CO2 
removals column, as appropriate. Please note that for the purposes of reporting, the signs for uptake are 
always (-) and for emissions (+).

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

53

Summary report for CO2 equivalent emissions. Year: 2000

Summary 2

CO2 

(1)

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Total 

3.144.118,65

341.770,48

338.111,25

47.284,75

6.845,78

8.955,00

3.159.695,38

62.026,33

55.019,82

CO2 equivalent (Gg )

A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)

3.136.284,09

13.463,37

54.966,58

1.  Energy industries

2.  Manufacturing industries and construction

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

5.  Other

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.  Solid fuels

2.  Oil and natural gas

1.092.146,22

594.615,34

822.954,46

619.477,52

7.090,54

1.655,65

1.313,23

3.227,03

7.250,93

16,53

23.411,29

48.562,96

8.098,30

20.601,41

15.313,00

27.961,55

14.769,15

8.456,10

23.721,31

7.926,01

94,01

53,24

2,37

50,87

2.  Industrial processes

150.528,17

452,96

46.480,79

47.284,75

6.845,78

8.955,00

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK 
CATEGORIES

Total (net emissions) (1)

1. Energy

A.  Mineral products

B.  Chemical industry 

C.  Metal production

D.  Other production

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

G.  Other 

3. Solvent and other product use

4.  Agriculture

A.  Enteric fermentation

B.  Manure management

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils(2)

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other 

6. Waste 

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

B.  Wastewater handling

C.  Waste incineration

D.  Other 

7.  Other (please specify)

Memo items:

International bunkers

Aviation

Marine

Multilateral operations

CO2 Emissions from biomass

5. Land-use change and forestry(1)

-18.0681,00

2.560,66

111.009,09

11.136,03

24.023,82

1.224,73

16,02

297,88

133,81

0,00

46.422,22

0,00

0,00

0,00

8,97

4.613,46

2.046,34

17.561,99

29.722,76

84,70

0,00

2.147,62

6.908,65

0,00

0,00

0,00

3.134,50

5.353,34

5,26

49,60

3.443,04

2.045,62

168.316,69

219.172,77

131.366,52

33.118,34

29.100,08

2.335,67

2.045,62

1.342,23

189.726,41

6.447,14

108.374,02

31,99

98.641,21

0,00

153,94

0,00

7.071,95

895,81

1.765,05

0,00

346,28

0,00

5.930,06

6.880,88

6.030,46

850,36

0,06

5.962,41

452,74

730,00

232.247,49

103.155,97

129.091,52

0,00

143.768,08

39,82

1.183,90

0,00

0,00

0,00

238,47

108,81

129,66

0,00

1.423,31

577,06

846,26

0,00

1)  For CO2 emissions from land-use change and forestry the net emissions are to be reported. Please note that 

for the purposes of reporting, the signs for uptake are always (-) and for emissions (+). 

2)  See footnote 4 to Summary 1.A of this common reporting format.

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK CATEGORIES

Land-use change and forestry

CO2
emissions

CO2
removals

Net CO2 
emissions / 
removals

CH4

N2O

Total
emissions

CO2 equivalent (Gg )

A.  Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks

-

-220.738,67

-220.738,67

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

E.  Other

12.107,98

12.107,98

655,41

283,32

-

-208,27

-208,27

28.441,88

-

28.441,88

-

-283,92

-283,92

1.905,25

2.560,66

5.646,73

5.930,06

Total CO2 equivalent emissions from land-use change and forestry

40.549,86

-221.230,86

-180.681,00

a)  The information in these rows is requested to facilitate comparison of data, since Parties differ in the way they 
report emissions and removals from land-use change and forestry. Note that these totals will differ from the 
totals reported in Table 10s5 if Parties report non-CO2 emissions from LUCF.

Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land-use change and forestry (a)

Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land-use change and forestry (a)

3.887.085,92

3.276.741,53

3.204.714,03

1.108.571,02

604.384,67

849.902,81

634.654,46

7.201,08

72.027,49

28.702,08

43.325,41

260.547,45

111.025,11

57.856,13

30.826,40

1.224,73

17.646,69

38.779,03

3.189,36

8.796,38

389.535,08

131.366,52

62.218,42

2.335,67

193.114,26

0,00

500,22

0,00

-172.190,27

121.702,04

98.673,21

13.102,41

7.708,58

2.217,84

1.953,72

0,00

23.3909,27

10.3841,84

13.0067,43

0,00

14.3768,08

-220.738,67

13.046,71

-208,27

28.441,88

7.268,07

-172.190,27

4.059.276,19

3.887.085,92

54

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Summary 3 

Summary report for methods and emission factors used. Year: 2000

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK 
CATEGORIES

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

Method 
applied (1)

Emission 
factor (2)

1. Energy

A. Fuel combustion 

NE

NE

NE

NE

1.  Energy industries

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D, PS

2.  Manufacturing industries and 

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D, PS

construction

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

C, CS, M, T1,
T2

C, CS, T1, T2

C, CS, D, M

5.  Other 

C, CS, T1, T2

C, CS, D

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE C, CS, M, T1,
T2, T3

C, CS, D, M

C, CS, D C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D, O,
PS

C, CS, T1, T2 C, CS, D, O,
PS

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.  Solid fuels

2.  Oil and natural gas

2.  Industrial processes

A.  Mineral products

C, CS, D, T2 C, CS, D, PS,
T2

B.  Chemical industry

NE

NE

C.  Metal production

C, CS, D, T2 C, CS, D, PS

D.  Other production

NE

NE

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE C, CS, T1, T2

C, CS, D

NE C, CS, O, T1,
T2, T3

C, CS, O, PS

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE C, CS, D, PS,
T1

C, CS, D, PS

T1

CS

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

CS, D, PS,
T1, T2

CS, D, PS

CS, D, PS,
T1, T2

CS, D, PS, T2

CS, D, M,
T1a, T1b, T2

CS, D, PS, T2

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

G.  Other

3.  Solvent and other product use

4.  Agriculture

A.  Enteric fermentation

B.  Manure management

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other

5.  Land-use change and forestry

A.  Changes in forest and other woody 

biomass stocks 

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

E.  Other 

6.  Waste

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

B.  Wastewater handling

C.  Waste incineration

D.  Other

7.  Other (please specify)

C, CS, D, T1,
T2

CS, D, T1, T2

C, CS, D, M,
T1, T2

CS, D, T1, T2 CS, D, M, T1,
T2

CS, D, T2

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE C, CS, D, M,
T1a, T1b, T2

CS, D, M, T2

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE CS, D, M, T1,
T2

CS, D, T2

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

1)  Use the following notation keys to specify the method applied: D (IPCC default), RA (Reference approach), T1 
(IPCC Tier 1), T1a, T1b, T1c (IPCC Tier 1a, Tier 1b and Tier 1c, respectively), T2 (IPCC Tier 2), T3 (IPCC Tier 3), 
C (Corinair), CS (Country specific). If using more than one method, enumerate the relevant methods. 
Explanations of any modifications to the default IPCC methods, as well as information on the proper use of 
methods per source category where more than one method is indicated, and explanations on the country 
specific methods, should be provided in the documentation box of the relevant sectoral background data 
table.

2)  Use the following notation keys to specify the emission factor used: D (IPCC default), C (Corinair), CS (Country 
specific), PS (Plant specific). Where a mix of emission factors has been used, use different notations in one and 
the same cells with further explanation in the documentation box of the relevant sectoral background data 
table.

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

55

 CO2 from fuel combustion activities — reference approach. Year: 1999

Table 1.A (b)

3
2
,
1
5
3
.
7
0
8
.
1

0
0
,
1

7
9
,
3
1
9
.
2
9
4

7
9
,
3
1
9
.
2
9
4

0
8
,
9
1

8
9
,
4
4
6
.
4
9
8
.
4
2

V
C
N

7
8
,
1
4

,

0
0
9
8
5
4
9
5

.

l

a
u
t
c
A

2

O
C

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
e

)
2

O
C
g
G

(

n
o
i
t
c
a
r
F

f
o

n
o
b
r
a
c

d
e
z
i
d
x
o

i

t
e
N

n
o
b
r
a
c

s
n
o
i
s
s
i
m
e

)

C
g
G

(

n
o
b
r
a
C

d
e
r
o
t
s

)

C
g
G

(

n
o
b
r
a
C

t
n
e
t
n
o
c

)

C
g
G

(

n
o
b
r
a
C

n
o
i
s
s
i
m
e

r
o
t
c
a
f

)
J
T
/
C
t
(

t
n
e
r
a
p
p
A

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
c

)
J
T
(

)

1

(

n
o
i
s
r
e
v
n
o
C

)
1
(

r
o
t
c
a
f

)
t
i
n
U
/
J
T
(

t
n
e
r
a
p
p
A

n
o
i
t
p
m
u
s
n
o
c

k
c
o
t
S

e
g
n
a
h
c

l

a
n
o
i
t
a
n
r
e
t
n

I

s
r
e
k
n
u
b

s
t
r
o
p
x
E

s
t
r
o
p
m

I

n
o
i
t
c
u
d
o
r
P

t
i
n
U

S
E
P
Y
T

L
E
U
F

E

I

E

I

E

I

0
0
,
0

1
4
,
4
9
3
.
7

0
4
,
2
7
5
.
6
4
-

7
2
,
3
0
1
.
8
1

3
4
,
7
7
8
.
3
9
-

6
3
,
2
5
-

0
1
,
8
8
8
.
3

5
3
,
4
3
4
.
9
7
-

5
4
,
0
5
9
.
3
5
-

6
8
,
3
0
9
.
3
1
-

0
9
,
6
2
5
.
4
2

6
1
,
8
7
0
.
8
3

0
0
,
0
3
2

7
7
,
5
1
4
.
3
2
-

E

I

E

I

E

I

1
1
,
9
0
0
.
2
1
6

8
6
,
3
9
8
.
7
9
1

E

I

0
0
,
0

7
8
,
3
8
2
-

3
9
,
4
5
1

1
9
,
5
7
3
.
1
2

7
7
,
9
4
1
.
1
3
8

4
4
,
5
6
3
.
8
8
5
.
1

0
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,
1

0
0
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1

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0
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1

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,
1

0
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1

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,
1

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0
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1

0
0
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1

0
0
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1

0
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1

0
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1

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,
1

0
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,
1

0
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1

0
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1

0
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1

0
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1

0
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1

0
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1

0
0
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1

0
0
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1

0
0
,
1

0
0
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1

3
7
,
2
6

5
1
,
9
8
6
.
6

5
9
,
4
8
3
.
0
1

E

I

0
0
,
0

2
4
,
7
7
-

5
2
,
2
4

E

I

0
0
,
1
7
9
.
3
5

E

I

E

I

E

I

0
0
,
0

6
6
,
6
1
0
.
2

6
5
,
1
0
7
.
2
1
-

E

I

E

I

0
0
,
0

0
0
,
0

E

I

E

I

V
C
N

V
C
N

E

I

E

I

E

I

0
0
,
0

0
0
,
0

0
0
,
0

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I

0
0
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0

V
C
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V
C
N

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I

0
0
0

,

6
5
,
1
0
7
.
2
1
-

0
7
,
8
1

0
0
,
8
2
2
.
9
7
6
-

V
C
N

0
0
,
4
4

6
6
,
6
1
0
.
2

0
3
,
9
1

0
0
,
0
9
4
.
4
0
1

V
C
N

0
0
,
3
4

,

0
0
0
3
4
2

.

,

0
0
7
3
4
5
1
-

.

6
2
,
7
3
9
.
4

8
4
,
2
0
0
.
2

4
7
,
9
3
9
.
6

0
0
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0
2

0
9
,
6
8
9
.
6
4
3

V
C
N

0
3
,
2
4

4
9
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2
0
6
.
5
2
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4
9
,
2
0
6
.
5
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0
9
,
0
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8
8
,
0
2
0
.
5
2
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.
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V
C
N

2
8
,
2
4

,

0
0
3
0
2
8

.

,

0
0
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1
6
8
2
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.

8
2
,
4
1
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0
0
,
0

8
2
,
4
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9
3
,
0
6
0
.
1

6
0
,
6
5
0
.
3

5
4
,
6
1
1
.
4

1
9
,
3
6
6
.
1
2
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6
1
,
1
0
0
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9
2

5
2
,
7
3
3
.
7

6
7
,
3
1
7
.
4
1
-

6
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1)  To convert quantities expressed in natural units to energy units, use net calorific values (NCV). If gross calorific 

values (GCV) are used in this table, please indicate this by replacing ‘NCV’ with ‘GCV’ in this column.

2)  If anthracite is not separately available, include with other bituminous coal.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 1.A (c)

Comparison of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Year: 1999

FUEL TYPES

Reference approach

National approach (1)

Difference  (2)

Energy 
consumption 
(PJ)

CO2  
emissions
(Gg)

Energy 
consumption 
(PJ)

CO2 
emissions 
(Gg)

Energy  
consumption
(%)

CO2 
emissions 
(%)

Liquid fuels (excluding international bunkers)

24.751,90

1.588.365,44

Solid fuels (excluding international bunkers)

8.686,50

831.149,77

Gaseous fuels

Other (3)

15.329,87

846.027,75

Total (3)

48.768,27

3.265.542,97

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

3.122.672,89

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

100,00

4,58

1)  ‘National approach’ is used to indicate the approach (if different from the reference approach) followed by the 
Party to estimate its CO2 emissions from fuel combustion reported in the national GHG inventory.
2)  Difference of the reference approach over the national approach (i.e. difference = 100% x ((RA-NA)/NA), 
where NA = National approach and RA = Reference approach).
3)  Emissions from biomass are not included.

Note: In addition to estimating CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by sector, Parties should also estimate these 
emissions using the IPCC reference approach, as found in the IPCC guidelines, Worksheet 1-1(Volume 2. 
Workbook). The reference approach is to assist in verifying the sectoral data. Parties should also complete the 
above tables to compare the alternative estimates, and if the emission estimates lie more than 2 % apart, should 
explain the source of this difference in the documentation box provided.

Table 1.A (d)

Feedstocks and non-energy use of fuels. Year: 1999

FUEL TYPE  (1)

ACTIVITY DATA AND RELATED INFORMATION

IMPLIED EMISSION FACTOR

ESTIMATE 

Fuel quantity
(TJ)

Fraction of
carbon stored

Carbon                                 

emission factor
 (t C/TJ)

of carbon stored in
non-energy use of fuels
 (Gg C)

Naphtha (2)

Lubricants

Bitumen

Coal oils and tars (from coking coal)

Natural gas(2) 

Gas/diesel oil (2)

LPG (2)

Butane (2)

Ethane (2)

Other (please specify)

Other oil

1.952.940,00

214.587,90

654.585,10

NA

454.388,40

200.248,20

224.710,00

0,00

0,00

0,75

0,50

1,00

0,33

0,50

0,80

703.382,40

0,50

19,80

19,80

21,80

15,20

20,00

17,00

19,80

0,00

29.001,16

2.124,42

14.269,96

2.279,21

2.002,48

3.056,06

6.963,49

1)  Where fuels are used in different industries, please enter in different rows.
2)  Enter these fuels when they are used as feedstocks.

Note: The table is consistent with the IPCC guidelines. Parties that take into account the emissions associated 
with the use and disposal of these feedstocks could continue to use their methodology, and provide explanation 
notes in the documentation box below.

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

57

Overview table for national GHG inventories. Year: 2000

Table 7

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

E
N

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1)  This table is intended to be used by Parties to summarize their own assessment of completeness (e.g. partial, full 

estimate, not estimated) and quality (high, medium, low) of major source/sink inventory estimates. The latter could be 
understood as a quality assessment of the uncertainty of the estimates. This table might change once the IPCC 
completes its work on managing uncertainties of GHG inventories. The title of the table was kept for consistency with 
the current table in the IPCC guidelines.

2)  Potential emissions based on Tier 1 approach of the IPCC guidelines. 
3)  Actual emissions based on Tier 2 approach of the IPCC guidelines. 
Note: To fill in the table use the notation key as given in the IPCC guidelines (Volume 1. Reporting instructions, Table 37).

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I

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.A.3.

Transport

1.A.4. Other sectors

1.A.5. Other

1.B.

Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.B.1.

Solid fuel

1.B.2. Oil and natural gas

2.  Industrial processes

2.A.

2.B.

2.C.

2.D.

2.G.

Mineral products

Chemical industry

Metal production

Other production

Other 

3.  Solvent and other product use

4.  Agriculture

4.A.

4.B.

4.C.

4.D.

4.E.

4.F.

Enteric fermentation

Manure management

Rice cultivation

Agricultural soils (2)

Prescribed burning of savannas

Field burning of agricultural residues

4.G.

Other 

5.A.

5.B.

5.C.

5.D.

5.E.

6.A.

6.B.

6.C.

6.D.

Wastewater handling

Waste incineration

Other 

7.  Other (please specify)

Memo items:

International bunkers

Multilateral operations

CO2 emissions from biomass

58

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 8 (a)

Recalculation — recalculated data. Year: 1999

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES

CO2

CH4

N2O

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

Total national emissions and removals

3.069.536,04

3.102.360,31

1. Energy

1.A.

Fuel combustion activities

1.A.1.

Energy industries

3.113.743,06

3.146.622,54

3.089.405,81

3.122.672,89

1.044.485,39

1.066.493,74

1.A.2. Manufacturing industries and construction

581.506,47

589.542,75

1,07

1,06

1,08

2,11

1,38

-0,22

0,75

4,54

-1,59

33,86

366.353,10

350.743,65

70.082,32

66.855,16

13.890,53

14.131,89

1.529,21

1.155,36

3.190,19

8.008,70

1.591,86

1.263,97

3.561,56

7.697,50

-4,26

-4,60

1,74

4,10

9,40

11,64

-3,89

338.487,11

340.047,45

57.607,14

54.835,61

57.494,82

54.766,33

14.789,45

14.343,63

8.209,22

8.374,06

24.739,23

23.170,84

9.673,12

8.798,62

6,85

17,00

148,16

56.191,79

52.723,27

24.269,05

23.965,01

419,67

3,54

276,80

129,56

456,68

16,12

303,42

130,95

83,81

112,31

1,93

110,39

79,18

69,29

2,27

67,01

48.158,21

47.449,52

-6,17

-1,25

-9,91

8,82

356,08

0,00

20,77

9,61

1,08

47.933,97

47.361,66

29,12

9,39

18.295,67

15.862,61

-13,30

31.922,74

28.758,26

824.973,74

823.165,84

631.318,98

636.026,32

7.121,22

7.444,23

24.337,26

23.949,66

6.041,59

8.087,05

142.214,01

147.684,45

107.723,98

109.607,63

9.410,27

10.458,46

23.883,37

23.586,16

735,09

466,29

1.293,03

2.739,16

5.614,49

5.196,65

3,85

1,75

11,14

-1,24

75,90

487,44

-7,44

2.015,71

2.015,71

0,00

177.057,10

170.621,30

-3,63

217.903,19

220.429,30

9,77

6,19

-36,70

195,12

57,70

3.454,93

3.449,72

2.015,71

2.015,71

0,00

130.657,37

133.656,25

39.919,69

33.137,10

2.351,01

3.880,26

0,00

248,77

0,00

2.340,26

1.345,12

0,00

142,57

0,00

2,30

-16,99

-0,46

29.175,80

29.737,10

-65,33

188.282,71

190.416,71

-

-42,69

-

0,99

0,00

111,66

0,00

0,00

275,50

0,00

5.625,74

5.900,31

5.  Land-use change and forestry (net) (3)

-200.983,62

-206.133,90

Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks

-238.871,25

-241.705,83

2.214,33

2.236,32

2,56

1,19

Forest and grassland conversion

12.153,16

8.438,02

-30,57

331,38

331,07

-0,09

35,55

253,58

613,29

Abandonment of managed lands

CO2 emissions and removals from soil

-202,36

-206,52

26.788,33

27.618,83

2,05

3,10

Other

-851,50

-278,40

-67,30

1.882,95

1.905,25

6.  Waste

4.388,39

6.224,85

41,85

116.539,08

110.533,43

Solid waste disposal on land

52,76

53,90

2,16

105.524,60

100.796,22

1,18

-5,15

-4,48

18,18

-6,52

-57,55

-0,10

5.590,19

5.646,73

4.559,90

6.796,92

3.717,20

5.947,60

838,85

0,14

849,27

0,06

1.178,00

1.186,05

6.001,67

1.012,08

4.000,73

40,80

7.092,84

946,10

1.698,28

40,76

214,90

0,00

212,90

0,00

-0,93

1.548,23

1.470,09

-

0,00

0,00

4.151,18

5.718,21

184,45

2.544,00

452,74

750,00

223.689,97

212.126,93

0,00

0,00

146.568,61

146.054,34

37,75

145,46

-70,52

-5,17

-

-0,35

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Total actual emissions

2.C.3. Aluminium production

2.E.

2.F.

Production of halocarbons and SF6

Consumption of halocarbons and SF6

Other

Potential emissions from consumption of HFCs/PFCs and SF6

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

Previous 
submission

Latest 
submission

Difference(1)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

(%)

42.620,33

40.671,67

-4,57

8.361,24

7.331,31

20.431,54

18.463,94

22.188,79

20.651,98

0,00

-

0,00

-

-9,63

-6,93

-

-

6.271,59

5.145,61

84,70

84,42

2.004,94

1.911,25

0,00

-

0,00

-

-12,32

-17,95

-0,33

-4,67

-

-

11.075,63

9.044,98

1.993,98

1.874,48

0,00

0,00

-18,33

-5,99

-

9.081,65

6.896,53

-24,06

0,00

-

0,00

-

-

-

Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land-use change and forestry (4)

Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land-use change and forestry (4)

Previous submission

Latest submission

Difference(1)

CO2 equivalent (Gg)

3.836.433,45

4.029.576,99

3.850.199,36

4.048.196,63

(%)

0,36

0,46

1)  Estimate the percentage change due to recalculation with respect to the previous submission (Percentage 
change = 100% x [(LS-PS)/PS], where LS = Latest submission and PS = Previous submission. All cases of 
recalculation of the estimate of the source/sink category, should be addressed and explained in Table 8 (b) of 
this common reporting format.

2)  See footnote 4 to Summary 1.A of this common reporting format.
3)  Net CO2 emissions/removals to be reported
4)  The information in these rows is requested to facilitate comparison of data, since Parties differ in the way they 

report emissions and removals from land-use change and forestry.

0,46

-4,81

-4,75

-3,01

2,01

-6,34

-9,04

-5,52

-38,31

18,03

-39,29

-1,47

-

-1,19

-67,76

-70,43

-0,15

1,16

1,92

1,13

-

146,73

-

4,88

1,01

49,06

60,00

1,24

-59,68

0,68

-5,05

-

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

59

Emission trends (CO2)

Table 10

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK 
CATEGORIES

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

(Gg)

1. Energy 

3.173.030,78 3.173.030,78 3.206.067,37 3.134.217,14 3.073.698,86 3.076.539,38 3.111.262,48 3.184.875,75 3.121.403,39 3.170.615,57 3.146.622,54 3.159.695,38

A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)

3.146.886,72 3.146.886,72 3.181.941,51 3.110.444,01 3.050.316,52 3.051.119,44 3.088.441,77 3.161.379,87 3.097.815,22 3.146.704,96 3.122.672,89 3.136.284,09

1.  Energy industries

1.147.012,64 1.147.012,64 1.151.714,70 1.116.445,32 1.059.905,20 1.065.962,31 1.072.575,53 1.082.514,52 1.045.860,55 1.087.327,15 1.066.493,74 1.092.146,22

2.  Manufacturing industries and construction

649.732,23

649.732,23

626.130,85

601.231,10

579.876,58

598.780,06

616.995,61

603.416,66

613.731,55

598.785,33

589.542,75

594.615,34

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

5.  Other

694.767,42

694.767,42

709.477,85

733.571,97

738.008,13

745.853,00

752.232,01

767.183,43

777.732,86

802.565,01

823.165,84

822.954,46

635.943,02

635.943,02

677.811,51

646.188,61

658.456,41

627.881,41

635.872,88

697.624,10

651.075,94

649.315,94

636.026,32

619.477,52

19.431,40

19.431,40

16.806,61

13.007,01

14.070,20

12.642,65

10.765,74

10.641,16

9.414,32

8.711,53

7.444,23

7.090,54

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

26.144,06

26.144,06

24.125,86

23.773,13

23.382,33

25.419,94

22.820,70

23.495,87

23.588,17

23.910,61

23.949,66

23.411,29

1.  Solid fuels

9.283,36

9.283,36

8.557,42

8.357,46

7.699,74

7.245,51

7.122,38

7.356,30

8.073,06

7.969,84

8.087,05

8.098,30

2.  Oil and natural gas

16.860,70

16.860,70

15.568,44

15.415,67

15.682,60

18.174,43

15.698,32

16.139,58

15.515,11

15.940,77

15.862,61

15.313,00

2. Industrial processes 

152.883,27

152.883,27

145.825,29

141.608,80

135.694,36

142.319,07

145.787,89

142.268,83

145.533,11

146.055,32

147.684,45

150.528,17

A.  Mineral products

B.  Chemical industry 

C.  Metal production

D.  Other production

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

111.937,03

111.937,03

106.747,93

105.033,37

100.403,10

104.385,65

105.297,80

102.618,01

105.895,75

108.432,33

109.607,63

111.009,09

12.728,58

12.728,58

12.138,04

11.550,01

10.486,59

10.559,98

11.032,43

11.365,79

11.111,01

11.009,75

10.458,46

11.136,03

25.663,47

25.663,47

23.027,45

21.220,70

21.669,06

22.523,20

24.713,86

23.669,65

24.062,48

22.691,57

23.586,16

24.023,82

1.303,46

1.303,46

1.129,80

1.421,79

1.246,32

1.227,85

1.211,54

1.270,44

1.185,33

1.202,19

1.293,03

1.224,73

G.  Other 

1.250,74

1.250,74

2.782,09

2.382,94

1.889,30

3.622,40

3.532,26

3.344,94

3.283,54

2.724,49

2.739,16

3.134,50

3. Solvent and other product use 

5.725,48

5.725,48

5.684,23

5.460,90

5.075,46

5.034,29

5.053,26

5.068,61

5.140,62

5.193,84

5.196,65

5.353,34

4. Agriculture

3.214,94

3.214,94

2.815,18

2.320,68

2.229,85

2.069,12

1.726,47

1.825,07

2.064,96

2.031,25

2.015,71

2.045,62

A.  Enteric fermentation

B.  Manure management

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils (2)

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

3.214,94

3.214,94

2.815,18

2.320,68

2.229,85

2.069,12

1.726,47

1.825,07

2.064,96

2.031,25

2.015,71

2.045,62

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other 

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

5.  Land-use change and forestry (3)

-199.003,66 -199.003,66 -223.440,57 -208.927,19 -219.669,02 -207.334,92 -198.149,35 -206.918,61 -207.107,17 -197.973,28 -206.133,90 -180.681,00

A.  Changes in forest and other woody biomass 

-235.705,73

-235.705,73

-259.934,14

-247.538,81

-256.549,96

-243.275,08

-233.391,19

-242.554,97

-243.855,17

-237.379,69

-241.705,83

-220.738,67

stocks

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

8.273,70

8.273,70

7.458,82

9.328,83

8.830,32

8.583,74

7.969,70

7.989,10

8.101,68

11.572,40

8.438,02

12.107,98

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

-150,01

-150,01

-151,73

-167,25

-179,77

-189,82

-196,26

-199,17

-201,41

-201,52

-206,52

-208,27

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

28.886,80

28.886,80

29.483,89

29.758,46

28.549,84

27.757,46

27.618,55

28.077,45

29.132,87

28.431,98

27.618,83

28.441,88

E.  Other 

6.  Waste

-308,43

-308,43

-297,40

-308,43

-319,46

-211,21

-150,15

-231,02

-285,15

-396,45

-278,40

-283,92

6.308,71

6.308,71

5.889,67

6.075,15

6.190,60

6.175,86

5.756,84

6.038,04

5.594,43

5.860,81

6.224,85

6.447,14

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

263,22

263,22

321,25

369,33

356,88

290,12

124,35

B.  Waste-water handling

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

81,94

0,00

65,42

0,00

58,62

0,00

53,90

0,00

31,99

0,00

C.  Waste incineration

5.545,06

5.545,06

5.568,42

5.705,82

5.833,71

5.885,74

5.517,52

5.956,10

5.384,02

5.245,18

5.718,21

5.962,41

D.  Other 

7.  Other (please specify)

500,43

500,43

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

114,97

0,00

144,98

557,02

452,74

452,74

640,29

640,29

614,76

607,51

555,98

691,52

699,49

698,46

557,64

720,05

750,00

730,00

Total emissions/removals with LUCF (4)

3.142.799,82 3.142.799,82 3.143.455,94 3.081.362,99 3.003.776,08 3.025.494,34 3.072.137,08 3.133.856,16 3.073.186,96 3.132.503,56 3.102.360,31 3.144.118,65

Total emissions without LUCF(4)

3.341.803,48 3.341.803,48 3.366.896,50 3.290.290,18 3.223.445,10 3.232.829,25 3.270.286,43 3.340.774,77 3.280.294,14 3.330.476,84 3.308.494,21 3.324.799,65

Memo items:

International bunkers

155.857,14

155.857,14

156.368,37

160.625,44

171.237,90

169.495,34

173.309,91

185.378,67

200.982,46

212.629,78

212.126,93

232.247,49

Aviation

Marine

56.515,97

56.515,97

55.672,30

60.101,69

67.304,78

68.334,04

70.934,48

75.473,32

80.477,91

86.876,15

92.443,50

103.155,97

99.341,17

99.341,17

100.696,07

100.523,75

103.933,12

101.161,30

102.375,43

109.905,35

120.504,55

125.753,63

119.683,43

129.091,52

Multilateral operations

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

CO2 emissions from biomass

118.899,11

118.899,11

125.226,38

123.677,69

127.921,17

128.478,33

134.391,18

140.777,19

141.911,39

144.356,76

146.054,34

143.768,08

1)  Fill in the base year adopted by the Party under the Convention, if different from 1990.
2) See footnote 4 to Summary 1.A of this common reporting format.
3) Take the net emissions as reported in Summary 1.A of this common reporting format. Please note that for the 

4)

purposes of reporting, the signs for uptake are always (-) and for emissions (+). 
 The information in these rows is requested to facilitate comparison of data, since Parties differ in the way they 
report CO2 emissions and removals from Land-Use Change and Forestry. 

60

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 10

Emission trends (CH4)

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK 
CATEGORIES

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

(Gg)

Total emissions

1. Energy 

20.309,81

20.309,81

19.806,43

19.289,35

18.736,07

18.242,09

18.137,94

17.808,31

17.321,06

17.038,93

16.702,08

16.274,78

4.770,89

4.770,89

4.649,51

4.527,51

4.289,16

3.849,45

3.810,86

3.679,77

3.481,30

3.327,93

3.183,58

2.953,63

A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)

830,95

830,95

828,94

779,39

761,82

716,89

680,49

704,16

674,16

672,55

672,95

641,11

1.  Energy industries

2.  Manufacturing industries and construction 

38,04

58,54

38,04

58,54

39,27

56,50

39,99

53,08

41,91

51,72

48,16

53,57

56,41

55,28

63,57

54,05

63,95

53,81

67,56

58,89

75,80

60,19

78,84

62,53

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

5.  Other

231,38

231,38

221,92

217,97

209,64

201,51

196,52

195,50

184,41

178,05

169,60

153,67

500,37

500,37

509,72

466,84

457,07

412,17

370,95

389,90

371,07

367,03

366,55

345,28

2,62

2,62

1,53

1,51

1,49

1,48

1,33

1,14

0,92

1,01

0,81

0,79

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

3.939,94

3.939,94

3.820,57

3.748,12

3.527,34

3.132,56

3.130,37

2.975,61

2.807,14

2.655,38

2.510,63

2.312,52

1.  Solid fuels

2.395,69

2.395,69

2.285,02

2.213,10

1.985,35

1.609,31

1.681,27

1.505,46

1.404,66

1.268,12

1.141,19

981,02

2.  Oil and natural gas

1.544,25

1.544,25

1.535,55

1.535,02

1.541,99

1.523,26

1.449,10

1.470,15

1.402,48

1.387,26

1.369,44

1.331,50

2.  Industrial processes 

A.  Mineral products

B.  Chemical industry 

C.  Metal production

D.  Other production

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

26,23

1,37

17,88

6,72

0,00

26,23

1,37

17,88

6,72

0,00

25,43

0,95

14,49

6,26

0,00

26,10

0,85

15,52

5,80

0,00

26,06

0,73

13,95

6,25

0,00

29,08

0,82

16,10

6,65

0,00

24,53

0,91

16,90

6,44

0,00

28,08

0,87

20,42

6,42

0,00

24,18

0,89

16,57

6,35

0,00

22,44

0,88

14,91

6,27

0,00

21,75

0,77

14,45

6,24

0,00

21,57

0,76

14,18

6,37

0,00

G.  Other 

3.  Solvent and other product use 

0,26

0,00

0,26

0,00

3,73

0,00

3,93

0,00

5,13

0,00

5,52

0,00

0,27

0,00

0,36

0,00

0,37

0,00

0,39

0,00

0,29

0,00

0,25

0,00

4.  Agriculture 

8.627,74

8.627,74

8.402,20

8.262,78

8.204,78

8.221,70

8.222,21

8.263,41

8.202,88

8.183,52

8.124,82

8.015,08

A.  Enteric fermentation

6.856,72

6.856,72

6.679,35

6.542,29

6.489,52

6.492,13

6.486,70

6.519,30

6.435,69

6.407,89

6.364,58

6.255,55

B.  Manure management

1.575,93

1.575,93

1.531,26

1.533,94

1.535,98

1.541,57

1.549,61

1.550,08

1.574,52

1.589,23

1.577,96

1.577,06

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other 

109,61

109,61

106,69

105,67

105,87

115,05

113,86

121,42

120,67

114,90

111,44

111,22

65,55

0,00

19,93

0,00

65,55

0,00

19,93

0,00

65,54

0,00

19,36

0,00

65,62

0,00

15,27

0,00

65,78

65,34

64,91

64,87

64,84

64,45

64,05

63,92

0,00

7,63

0,00

0,00

7,61

0,00

0,00

7,14

0,00

0,00

7,73

0,00

0,00

7,16

0,00

0,00

7,04

0,00

0,00

6,79

0,00

0,00

7,33

0,00

5.  Land-use change and forestry

107,32

107,32

104,39

112,36

109,88

108,25

105,01

105,58

105,54

120,14

106,49

121,94

A.  Changes in forest and other woody biomass 

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

stocks

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

18,72

18,72

15,29

22,62

20,20

19,12

15,77

16,01

15,98

29,42

15,77

31,21

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

E.  Other 

6.  Waste

88,61

88,61

89,10

89,73

89,68

89,14

89,25

89,56

89,56

90,73

90,73

90,73

6.775,56

6.775,56

6.622,90

6.358,61

6.104,19

6.031,31

5.973,25

5.729,48

5.505,18

5.382,96

5.263,50

5.160,67

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

6.334,08

6.334,08

6.192,22

5.935,81

5.686,14

5.611,70

5.548,19

5.294,79

5.058,96

4.927,51

4.799,82

4.697,20

B.  Waste-water handling

354,21

354,21

333,52

324,72

317,06

316,80

317,06

319,55

327,54

335,35

337,75

336,76

C.  Waste incineration

D.  Other 

7.  Other (please specify)

Memo items:

International bunkers

Aviation

Marine

Multilateral operations

CO2 emissions from biomass

38,11

49,16

2,06

8,60

4,44

4,17

0,00

38,11

49,16

2,06

8,60

4,44

4,17

0,00

45,30

51,87

2,00

8,50

4,37

4,13

0,00

42,71

55,38

2,00

8,78

4,46

4,33

0,00

42,58

58,41

2,00

8,54

4,48

4,06

0,00

41,66

61,16

2,30

8,72

4,75

3,97

0,00

41,50

66,49

2,07

9,16

4,96

4,21

0,00

42,01

73,15

2,00

9,71

5,24

4,47

0,00

45,43

73,26

1,97

43,85

76,25

1,94

45,05

80,87

1,94

42,66

84,05

1,90

10,33

11,02

10,14

11,36

5,53

4,80

0,00

5,86

5,17

0,00

4,92

5,22

0,00

5,18

6,17

0,00

1) Fill in the base year adopted by the Party under the Convention, if different from 1990.

Annex A: CRF tables for the European Community

61

Emission trends (N2O)

Table 10

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK 
CATEGORIES

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

(Gg)

Total emissions

1. Energy 

1.293,38

1.293,38

1.280,52

1.248,21

1.211,58

1.227,97

1.228,11

1.259,29

1.256,45

1.164,66

1.096,93

1.090,68

152,06

152,06

156,90

158,12

158,39

162,82

167,50

170,73

173,87

171,93

176,89

177,48

A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)

151,75

151,75

156,62

157,86

158,14

162,09

167,25

170,47

173,64

171,71

176,67

177,31

1.  Energy industries

2.  Manufacturing industries and construction 

3.  Transport

4.  Other sectors

5.  Other

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

1.  Solid fuels

2.  Oil and natural gas

45,62

31,88

37,68

36,18

0,37

0,32

0,01

0,31

45,62

31,88

37,68

36,18

0,37

0,32

0,01

0,31

46,91

30,80

40,84

37,39

0,68

0,28

0,01

0,27

46,84

30,18

44,70

35,47

0,66

0,26

0,01

0,25

44,90

28,03

49,43

35,11

0,65

0,25

0,01

0,24

45,58

29,07

53,34

33,42

0,68

0,73

0,01

0,72

46,10

31,25

57,93

31,29

0,69

0,25

0,01

0,24

47,29

28,46

62,35

31,65

0,71

0,27

0,01

0,26

46,30

29,80

66,24

30,64

0,66

0,23

0,01

0,22

46,68

25,82

70,93

27,96

0,30

0,22

0,01

0,21

46,27

27,01

74,74

28,38

0,26

0,22

0,01

0,22

47,64

27,28

76,52

25,57

0,30

0,17

0,01

0,16

2. Industrial processes 

339,34

339,34

339,71

324,00

302,06

311,55

305,12

323,53

314,95

226,35

153,06

149,94

A.  Mineral products

B.  Chemical industry 

C.  Metal production

D.  Other production

E.  Production of halocarbons and SF6

F.  Consumption of halocarbons and  SF6

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,07

0,00

339,12

339,12

339,49

323,79

301,84

311,33

304,89

323,30

314,71

226,12

152,78

149,75

0,04

0,00

0,04

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

0,03

0,00

G.  Other 

0,13

0,13

0,14

0,13

0,14

0,14

0,14

0,14

0,15

0,15

0,19

0,16

3. Solvent and other product use 

10,77

10,77

10,66

10,75

10,81

11,05

11,11

11,21

11,21

11,19

11,13

11,11

4. Agriculture

748,21

748,21

729,99

711,68

696,55

698,86

700,67

709,89

712,34

710,37

711,06

707,01

A.  Enteric fermentation

B.  Manure management

C.  Rice cultivation

D.  Agricultural soils

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

107,93

107,93

100,87

100,58

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

96,99

0,00

0,00

97,10

0,00

0,00

96,48

0,00

0,00

96,83

0,00

0,00

96,49

0,00

0,00

96,16

0,00

0,00

95,93

0,00

0,00

93,87

0,00

638,85

638,85

627,70

609,77

598,38

600,59

603,05

611,86

614,60

613,12

614,25

612,02

E.  Prescribed burning of savannas

F.  Field burning of agricultural residues

G.  Other 

0,00

1,44

0,00

0,00

1,44

0,00

0,00

1,42

0,00

0,00

1,34

0,00

0,00

1,18

0,00

0,00

1,17

0,00

0,00

1,13

0,00

0,00

1,20

0,00

0,00

1,25

0,00

0,00

1,09

0,00

0,00

0,89

0,00

0,00

1,12

0,00

5. Land-use change and forestry

18,68

18,68

18,75

18,96

18,91

18,81

18,73

18,83

18,85

19,24

19,03

19,13

A.  Changes in forest and other woody biomass 

stocks

B.  Forest and grassland conversion

C.  Abandonment of managed lands

D.  CO2 emissions and removals from soil

E.  Other 

6. Waste

A.  Solid waste disposal on land

B.  Waste-water handling

C.  Waste incineration

D.  Other 

7.  Other (please specify)

Memo items:

International bunkers

Aviation

Marine

Multilateral operations

CO2 emissions from biomass

0,00

0,89

0,00

0,00

17,79

20,50

0,00

18,17

2,34

0,00

3,81

3,91

1,39

2,51

0,00

0,00

0,89

0,00

0,00

17,79

20,50

0,00

18,17

2,34

0,00

3,81

3,91

1,39

2,51

0,00

0,00

0,86

0,00

0,00

17,89

20,70

0,00

18,13

2,58

0,00

3,80

4,23

1,35

2,88

0,00

0,00

0,94

0,00

0,00

18,02

20,88

0,00

18,31

2,58

0,00

3,80

3,98

1,39

2,59

0,00

0,00

0,90

0,00

0,00

18,01

21,05

0,00

18,41

2,65

0,00

3,80

4,05

1,52

2,52

0,00

0,00

0,94

0,00

0,00

17,86

21,10

0,00

18,48

2,62

0,00

3,80

3,86

1,56

2,31

0,00

0,00

0,84

0,00

0,00

17,88

21,18

0,00

18,56

2,62

0,00

3,85

4,07

1,71

2,36

0,00

0,00

0,88

0,00

0,00

17,95

21,29

0,00

18,70

2,60

0,00

3,83

4,28

1,74

2,54

0,00

0,00

0,87

0,00

0,00

17,98

21,43

0,00

18,80

2,63

0,00

3,80

4,61

1,84

2,77

0,00

0,00

1,03

0,00

0,00

18,22

21,76

0,00

19,14

2,63

0,00

3,82

5,28

1,97

3,31

0,00

0,00

0,82

0,00

0,00

18,22

21,93

0,00

19,19

2,74

0,00

3,83

4,74

1,64

3,10

0,00

0,00

0,91

0,00

0,00

18,22

22,20

0,00

19,45

2,74

0,00

3,82

4,59

1,86

2,73

0,00

1)  Fill in the base year adopted by the Party under the Convention, if different from 1990.

62

Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2000 and inventory report 2002

Table 10

Emission trends (HFCs, PFCs and SF6)

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK CATEGORIES

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Chemical

GWP

(Gg)

Emissions of HFCs(5) - 
CO2 equivalent (Gg)

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-43-10mee

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-152a

HFC-143

HFC-143a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245ca

24.426,04 24.426,04 24.514,50 24.805,52 27.249,58 31.814,59 35.830,21 39.973,94 47.140,85 51.974,67 40.671,67 47.284,75

HFCs

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

HFC-23

HFC-32

HFC-41

HFC-43-10mee

HFC-125

HFC-134

HFC-134a

HFC-152a

HFC-143

HFC-143a

HFC-227ea

HFC-236fa

HFC-245ca

Emissions of PFCs(5) -  
CO2 equivalent (Gg)

13.545,39 13.545,39 11.949,18

9.788,08

8.402,89

7.716,99

7.764,87

7.754,16

7.505,04

7.404,65

7.331,31

6.845,78

PFCs

CF4

C2F6

C 3F8

C4F10

c-C4F8

C5F12

C6F14

Emissions of  SF6
(5) - 
CO2 equivalent (Gg)

SF6

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

8.439,53

8.439,53

9.074,14

9.743,51 10.512,60 11.360,94 12.270,66 12.072,88 11.986,11 11.329,99

9.044,98

8.955,00

CF4

C2F6

C 3F8

C4F10

c-C4F8

C5F12

C6F14

SF6

0,35

0,35

0,38

0,41

0,44

0,48

0,51

0,51

0,50

0,47

0,38

0,37

11700

650

150

1300

2800

1000

1300

140

300

3800

2900

6300

560

6500

9200

7000

7000

8700

7500

7400

23900

1)  Fill in the base year adopted by the Party under the Convention, if different from 1990.
5)  Enter information on the actual emissions. Where estimates are only available for the potential emissions, 
specify this in a comment to the corresponding cell. Only in this row the emissions are expressed as CO2 
equivalent emissions in order to facilitate data flow among spreadsheets.

Table 10

Emission trends (Summary)

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

 CO2 equivalent (Gg)

Net CO2 emissions/removals 

3.142.799,82

3.142.799,82

3.143.455,94

3.081.362,99

3.003.776,08

3.025.494,34

3.072.137,08

3.133.856,16

3.073.186,96

3.132.503,56

3.102.360,31

3.144.118,65

CO2 emissions (without LUCF) (6)

3.341.803,48

3.341.803,48

3.366.896,50

3.290.290,18

3.223.445,10

3.232.829,25

3.270.286,43

3.340.774,77

3.280.294,14

3.330.476,84

3.308.494,21

3.324.799,65

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

426.506,11

426.506,11

415.935,09

405.076,44

393.457,56

383.083,98

380.896,74

373.974,53

363.742,20

357.817,57

350.743,65

341.770,48

400.947,57

400.947,57

396.960,50

386.943,61

375.590,25

380.671,83

380.714,68

390.379,29

389.499,33

361.044,15

340.047,45

338.111,25

24.426,04

24.426,04

24.514,50

24.805,52

27.249,58

31.814,59

35.830,21

39.973,94

47.140,85

51.974,67

40.671,67

47.284,75

13.545,39

13.545,39

11.949,18

9.788,08

8.402,89

7.716,99

7.764,87

7.754,16

7.505,04

7.404,65

7.331,31

6.845,78

8.439,53

8.439,53

9.074,14

9.743,51

10.512,60

11.360,94

12.270,66

12.072,88

11.986,11

11.329,99

9.044,98

8.955,00

Total (with net CO2 emissions/
removals)

4.016.664,46 4.016.664,46 4.001.889,35 3.917.720,15 3.818.988,96 3.840.142,67 3.889.614,23 3.958.010,95 3.893.060,48 3.922.074,59 3.850.199,36 3.887.085,92

Total (without LUCF)

4.207.624,02 4.207.624,02 4.217.323,70 4.118.410,47 4.030.488,98 4.039.374,41 4.079.753,43 4.156.875,22 4.092.106,53 4.111.560,06 4.048.196,63 4.059.276,19

GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE 
AND SINK  CATEGORIES

Base year(1)

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

 CO2 equivalent (Gg)

1.  Energy 

3.320.358,88

3.320.358,88

3.352.346,03

3.278.313,00

3.212.871,27

3.207.850,69

3.243.214,78

3.315.077,47

3.248.410,48

3.293.798,94

3.268.313,31

3.276.741,53

2.  Industrial processes

305.039,46

305.039,46

297.206,66

286.934,22

276.045,72

290.401,54

296.754,72

302.953,73

310.307,30

287.404,59

252.638,60

260.547,45

3.  Solvent and other product use

9.065,50

9.065,50

8.989,74

8.794,35

8.427,40

8.460,40

8.497,74

8.543,61

8.616,94

8.662,21

8.646,38

8.796,38

4.  Agriculture 

416.343,05

416.343,05

405.557,30

396.459,22

390.460,67

391.371,15

391.599,14

395.423,30

395.149,52

394.099,98

393.066,31

389.535,08

5.  Land-use change and forestry (7)

-190.959,56

-190.959,56

-215.434,36

-200.690,31

-211.500,02

-199.231,75

-190.139,19

-198.864,26

-199.046,04

-189.485,48

-197.997,26

-172.190,27

6.  Waste 

7.  Other

154.949,44

154.949,44

151.386,12

146.079,07

140.904,86

139.372,81

137.761,05

132.958,64

127.845,28

125.649,19

123.555,21

121.702,04

1.864,59

1.864,59

1.834,76

1.827,51

1.775,98

1.917,82

1.936,54

1.929,00

1.777,01

1.945,16

1.976,82

1.953,72

1)  Fill in the base year adopted by the Party under the Convention, if different from 1990. 
6)  The information in these rows is requested to facilitate comparison of data, since Parties differ in the way they 

report CO2 emissions and removals from Land-Use Change and Forestry. 

7)  Net emissions.
8)  The information in these rows is requested to facilitate comparison of data, since Parties differ in the way they 
report emissions and removals from Land-Use Change and Forestry. Note that these totals will differ from the 
totals reported in Table Summary2 if Parties report  non-CO2 emissions from LUCF.