Commission opinion of 19 February 2003 on the applications for accession to the European Union by the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic
Date: 2003-02-19
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, accession to the European Union

23.9.2003

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Official Journal of the European Union

3

COMMISSION OPINION

of 19 February 2003

on the applications for accession to the European Union by the Czech Republic, the Republic of
Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of
Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak
Republic

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 49 thereof,

Whereas:

(1) The Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia

have applied to become members of the European Union.

(2)

In its opinions of 30 June 1993 on the Republic of Cyprus and Malta (updated for Malta on 17
February 1999), and of 15 July 1997 on the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary,
Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia, the Commission has already had an opportunity of expressing its views
on certain essential aspects of the problems arising in connection with these applications.

(3) The European Council meeting in Copenhagen in December 1993 laid down for the first time the
political, economic and acquis criteria for membership, which have guided the accession process and
the Commission's regular assessments of the readiness of the applicant States. The political criteria
require applicant States to ensure the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law,
human rights and the respect for and protection of minorities; these requirements are enshrined as
constitutional principles in the Treaty on European Union and have been emphasised in the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The economic criteria require the existence of a func-
tioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces
within the Union. The acquis criterion refers to the ability to take on the obligations of membership
arising from the Union's legislation, the acquis communautaire, including adherence to the aims of
political, economic and monetary union.

(4) The terms for the admission of these States and the adjustments to the Treaties necessitated by their
accession have been negotiated in Conferences between the Member States and the applicant States.

(5) The Commission, in its Strategy Paper and Report on the progress towards accession by each of the
candidate countries adopted on 9 October 2002, considered that the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia fulfil
the political criteria for
membership and that they will have fulfilled the economic and acquis criteria and will be ready
for membership from the beginning of 2004; on this basis, the Commission recommended to
conclude the accession negotiations with these countries by the end of 2002 with the aim to sign
the Treaty of Accession in spring 2003.

(6) These negotiations were completed at the European Council meeting in Copenhagen on 13 December
2002, and it is apparent that the provisions so agreed are fair and proper; this being so, the European
Union's enlargement, while preserving its internal cohesion and dynamism, will enable it to take a
fuller part in the development of international relations.

(7) The Commission hopes to see a re-united Cyprus acceding to the European Union on the basis of a

comprehensive settlement, as the best outcome for all concerned.

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(8)

(9)

In so far as the Treaty of Accession transposes the principles governing the institutional balance of the
Union of 15 to a Union of 25, these provisions are acceptable for the period up until the enforcement
of the provisions which will follow the Intergovernmental Conference provided for in the Declaration
on the future of the Union attached to the Treaty of Nice.

In joining the European Union, the applicant States accept, without reserve, the Treaty on European
Union and all its objectives, all decisions taken since the entry into force of the Treaties establishing
the European Communities and the Treaty on European Union and the options taken in respect of the
development and strengthening of those Communities and of the Union.

(10) It is an essential feature of the legal order introduced by the Treaties establishing the European
their provisions and certain acts adopted by the institutions are
Communities that certain of
that Community law takes precedence over any national provisions which
directly applicable,
might conflict with it, and that procedures exist
for ensuring the uniform interpretation of
Community law; accession to the European Union implies recognition of the binding nature of
these rules, observance of which is indispensable to guarantee the effectiveness and unity of
Community law.

(11) The Commission calls on the acceding States to pursue vigorously the improvements that still need to
be made in the context of the political and economic criteria for membership and in relationship to
the adoption,
implementation and enforcement of the acquis; the Commission will continue to
monitor the implementation of the commitments and obligations taken on by the acceding States,
and will assist them with the available instruments.

(12) One of the objectives of the European Union is to deepen the solidarity between their peoples while

respecting their history, their culture and their traditions.

(13) Enlargement of the European Union through the accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia will help to strengthen safeguards for
peace and freedom in Europe.

(14) Enlargement

is a continuous,

inclusive and irreversible process; the accession negotiations with
Bulgaria and Romania should continue on the basis of the same principles that have guided the
negotiations so far, and the results already achieved in these negotiations should not be brought into
question.

HEREBY DELIVERS A FAVOURABLE OPINION:

on the accession to the European Union of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of
Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta,
the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic.

This opinion is addressed to the Council of the European Union.

Done at Brussels, 19 February 2003.

Günter VERHEUGEN

The Commissioner responsible for enlargement

For the Commission

Romano PRODI

The President