Amended proposals for a Council Decision adopting a specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration: "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area" (2002-2006) (COM(2002) 43 final — 2001/0122(CNS)) (Text with EEA relevance)
Date: 2002-07-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EAEC, EU programme, EU research policy, European industrial area, research and development, research programme, technological change

30.7.2002

EN

Official Journal of the European Communities

C 181 E/1

II

(Preparatory Acts)

COMMISSION

Amended proposals for a Council Decision adopting a specific programme for research, tech-
‘Integrating and strengthening the European
nological development

and demonstration:

Research Area’ (2002-2006) (1)

(2002/C 181 E/01)

(Text with EEA relevance)

COM(2002) 43 final — 2001/0122(CNS)

(Submitted by the Commission pursuant to Article 250(2) of the EC Treaty on 31 January 2002)

(1) OJ C 240 E, 28.8.2001, p. 194.

INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Unchanged

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Community, and in particular Article 166 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament,

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee,

Whereas:

(1) In accordance with Article 166(3) of the Treaty, Decision
the European Parliament and the Council
No . . . of
framework programme
the multiannual
concerning
2002-2006 of
the European Community for research,
technological development and demonstration activities
aimed at contributing towards
the
European Research Area (hereinafter referred to as ‘the
is to be implemented through
framework programme’)
specific programmes that define detailed rules for their
implementation, fix their duration and provide for the
means deemed necessary.

the creation of

‘integrating research’,

(2) The framework programme is structured in three main
blocks of activities,
‘structuring the
European Research Area’, and ‘strengthening the foun-
dations of the European Research Area’,
the first and
the third of which, as regards indirect actions, should
be implemented by this specific programme.

(1) In accordance with Article 166(3) of the Treaty, Decision
No . . . of
the European Parliament and the Council
concerning the sixth multiannual framework programme
of the European Community for research, technological
development
aimed at
contributing towards
the European
Research Area (hereinafter referred to as ‘the framework
to be implemented through specific
programme’)
programmes that define detailed rules for their implemen-
tation,
fix their duration and provide for the means
deemed necessary.

and demonstration activities

creation of

the

is

activities,
research’,

(2) The framework programme is structured in three main
integrating
blocks
of
Community
European
Research Area’, and ‘strengthening the foundations of
the European Research Area’, the first and the third of
which, as regards indirect actions, should be implemented
by this specific programme.

‘Focusing
‘structuring

and

the

(3) The rules for the participation of undertakings, research
centres and universities and for the dissemination of
research results, for the framework programme, adopted
by the European Parliament and Council
in Decision
No . . . (hereinafter referred to as ‘the rules for partici-
pation
this
and
programme.

dissemination’)

should

apply

to

Unchanged

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

(4) New instruments,

involving simplified and decentralised
management, and the exploitation of external technical
fully exploited in this programme
support should,
enable personnel and administrative expenses
to be
reduced to a maximum of 5,5 % of the overall amount
deemed necessary for it's implementation.

if

(4) The importance of

the new instruments

(Integrated
Projects and Networks of Excellence)
is recognised as
being an overall priority means to attain the objectives
of critical mass, management simplification and European
added value contributed by Community research in
relation to what is already undertaken at national level,
and of the integration of the research capacities. They
should enable personnel and administrative expenses to
be reduced to a maximum of 6,0 % of the overall amount
deemed necessary
the
the
programme. In 2004 an evaluation will be undertaken
the efficiency of each of
by independent experts of
these instruments in the execution of
the framework
programme.

implementation of

for

(5) As provided for under Article 170 of the Treaty, this
programme is open to the participation of countries
having concluded the necessary agreements
to this
effect, and is also open on the project level, and on the
basis of mutual benefit, to the participation of entities
from third countries and of international organisations
for scientific co-operation.

(5) In implementing this programme, emphasis should be
given to promoting mobility of researchers and inno-
in the Community and encouraging the partici-
vation,
pation of SMEs, as well as international co-operation
activities with third countries and international organi-
sations.
attention should be paid to the
Accession countries.

Special

(6) In implementing this programme, emphasis should be
given to promoting mobility of researchers,
following
the Commission communication ‘A mobility strategy
within the European Research Area’, to innovation; to
the needs of SMEs and encouraging their participation,
as well as to international co-operation activities with
third countries and international organisations. Special
attention should be paid to the candidate countries.

(6) Research activities carried out within this programme
fundamental ethical principles, notably
in the Charter of Fundamental

should respect
those which appear
Rights of the European Union.

(7) Research activities carried out within this programme
including
in the Charter of Fundamental
the European Union; no support will be

must respect
those which appear
Rights of
provided to research aimed at military purposes.

fundamental ethical principles,

(7) Following the Commission Communication ‘Women and
Science’ (1) and the Resolutions of the Council (2) and the
European Parliament (3) on this theme, an action plan is
being implemented in order to reinforce and increase the
place and role of women in science and research. Gender
aspects
in
implementing this programme.

in research will be taken into account

(8) Following the Commission Communication ‘Women and
Science’ (1) and the Resolutions of the Council (2) and the
European Parliament (3) on this theme, an action plan is
being implemented in order to reinforce and increase the
place and role of women in science and research, and
further enhanced action is needed. Gender aspects in
research will be taken into account
in implementing
this programme.

___________
(1) COM(1999) 76.
(2) Resolution of 20 May 1999 (OJ C 201, 16.7.1999).
(3) Resolution of 3 February 2000, PE 284.656.

___________
(1) COM(1999) 76.
(2) Resolution of 20 May 1999 (OJ C 201, 16.7.1999).
(3) Resolution of 3 February 2000, PE 284.656.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

and

States

relevant parties,
associated

(8) To achieve the full potential of this programme, the active
the
engagement of all
be
Member
encouraged in a common endeavour to step up the
in
co-ordination of
research activities
Europe,
and
networking of national programmes and the free circu-
lation of information pertaining to research activities at all
levels.

in particular
should

carried out

including

opening

through

states,

the

up

in particular

(9) To achieve the full potential of this programme, the active
engagement of all
the
relevant parties,
Member States, associated candidate countries and other
associated States, should be encouraged in a common
endeavour
research
to step up the co-ordination of
activities carried out in Europe,
including through the
opening up and networking of national programmes
information pertaining to
and the free circulation of
research activities at all levels.

(9) This programme should be implemented in a flexible,
efficient and transparent manner,
taking account of
relevant interests, in particular of the scientific, industrial,
user and policy communities;
the research activities
carried out under it should be adapted where appropriate
to the needs of Community policies and to scientific and
technological developments.

(10) This programme should be implemented in a flexible,
efficient and transparent manner,
taking account of
relevant interests, in particular of the scientific, industrial,
user and policy communities;
the research activities
carried out under it should be adapted where appropriate
to the needs of Community policies and to scientific and
technological developments.

of

the

through

(11) Participation in the activities of this programme will be
encouraged
necessary
publication
information on content, conditions and procedures, to
be made available in a timely and thorough manner to
potential participants, including those from the associated
candidate
associated countries.
and other
Specific activities will be undertaken in support of partici-
from developing
pation of
countries, Mediterranean
the
including
Western Balkans as well as Russia and the NIS (1).

scientists and institutions
countries

countries

(10) Since the measures necessary for the implementation of
this Decision are management measures within the
meaning of Article 2 of Council Decision 1999/468/EC
of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the
exercise of
conferred on the
Commission (2), they should be adopted by use of the
management procedure provided for in Article 4 of that
Decision.

implementing powers

(12) Since the measures necessary for the implementation of
this Decision are management measures within the
meaning of Article 2 of Council Decision 1999/468/EC
of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the
exercise of
conferred on the
Commission (2), they should be adopted by use of the
management procedure provided for in Article 4 of that
Decision.

implementing powers

(11) The Commission should in due course arrange for an
independent assessment to be conducted concerning the
activities carried out
in the fields covered by this
programme.

(13) The Commission will in due course arrange for an inde-
to be conducted concerning the
pendent assessment
activities carried out
in the fields covered by this
programme, which will be done in a spirit of openness
with respect to all the relevant actors.

(12) Within this programme,

thematic priority areas of
research should be implemented exclusively by means of
three types of instruments: networks of excellence, inte-
grated projects., and Community participation in national
research activities implemented jointly pursuant to Article
169 of the Treaty.

(14) The new instruments will be used from the start of the
Sixth Framework Programme in each theme and, where
deemed appropriate, as a priority means, while main-
taining the use of specific targeted research projects and
coordination actions.

___________
(2) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

___________
(1) NIS: Newly Independent States.
(2) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

(15) Each thematic priority area should have its own budget
line in the General Budget of the European Communities,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Unchanged

Article 1

1.
In accordance with the framework programme, a specific
programme on Integrating and strengthening the European
specific
Research Area
programme’) is hereby adopted for the period from [. . .] to
31 December 2006.

referred to as

(hereinafter

‘the

The objectives and scientific and technological priorities

2.
for the specific programme are set out in Annex I.

Article 2

In accordance with Annex II of the framework programme, the
amount deemed necessary for the execution of the specific
programme is EUR 12 505 million, including a maximum of
5,5 % for the Commission's administrative expenditure. An
indicative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II.

In accordance with Annex II of the framework programme, the
amount deemed necessary for the execution of the specific
programme is EUR 12 855 million, including a maximum of
6,0 % for the Commission's administrative expenditure. An
indicative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II.

Article 3

All research activities carried out under the specific programme
must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical
principles.

Article 3

Article 4

The detailed rules

1.
financial participation by the
Community in the specific programme shall be those referred
to in Article 2(2) of the framework programme.

for

Unchanged

2.
The specific programme shall be implemented defined in
Annexes I and III to the framework programme and described
in Annex III.

The specific programme shall be implemented by means
to the

2.
of
framework programme and described in Annex III.

the instruments defined in Annexes I and III

The rules for participation and dissemination shall apply

3.
to the specific programme.

Unchanged

Article 4

Article 5

1.
The Commission shall draw up a work programme for
the implementation of the specific programme, setting out in
greater detail the objectives and scientific and technological
priorities set out in Annex I, and the timetable for implemen-
tation.

Unchanged

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The work programme shall

2.
take account of relevant
research activities carried out by the Member States, Associated
States and European and international organisations. It shall be
updated where appropriate.

Article 5

Article 6

The Commission shall be responsible for the implemen-

1.
tation of the specific programme.

Unchanged

The procedure laid down in Article 6 shall apply for the

2.
adoption of the following measures:

The procedure laid down in Article 7 shall apply for the

2.
adoption of the following measures:

— the drawing up and updating of

the work programme

referred to in Article 4(1),

— the drawing up and updating of

the work programme
including the instruments to
referred to in Article 5(1),
be used on a priority basis, and any subsequent adjustment
to their use;

— any adjustment to the indicative breakdown of the amount

Unchanged

as set out in Annex II.

Article 6

Article 7

The Commission shall be assisted by a committee,
the Member States and

1.
composed of
representatives of
chaired by the representative of the Commission.

Unchanged

reference

2. Where
the
management procedure laid down in Article 4 of Decision
1999/468/EC (1) shall apply, in compliance with Article 7(3)
thereof.

to this paragraph,

is made

The period provided for in Article 4(3) of Decision

3.
1999/468/EC shall be two months.

Article 7

Article 8

1.
The Commission shall regularly report on the overall
progress of the implementation of the specific programme, in
accordance with Article 4 of the framework programme.

1.
The Commission shall regularly report on the overall
progress of the implementation of the specific programme, in
the framework programme;
accordance with Article 4 of
information on financial aspects shall be included.

The Commission shall arrange for

the independent
2.
the framework
assessment provided for
programme to be conducted concerning the activities carried
out in the fields covered by the specific programme.

in Article 5 of

The Commission shall arrange for the independent moni-
the
in Article 6 of
conducted concerning the
in the fields covered by the specific

2.
toring and assessment provided for
framework programme
activities carried out
programme.

to be

Article 8

Article 9

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Unchanged

___________
(1) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES AND BROAD LINES OF THE ACTIVITIES

ANNEX I

The programme is structured as follows:

1.

FOCUSING AND INTEGRATING COMMUNITY RESEARCH

1.1.

Priority thematic areas of research

1.1.1. Genomics and biotechnology for health

(i) Advanced genomics and its applications for health.

(ii) Combating major diseases.

1.1.2. Information Society technologies

1.1.3. Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multi-
functional materials, and new production processes and devices

1.1.4. Aeronautics and space

1.1.5. Food quality and safety

1.1.6. Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems

(i) Sustainable energy systems

(ii) Sustainable surface transport

(iii) Global change and ecosystems

1.1.7. Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society

1.2.

Specific activities covering a wider field of research

1.2.1. Supporting policies and anticipating scientific and tech-

nological needs

1.2.2. Horizontal research activities involving SMEs

1.2.3. Specific measures in support of international co-operation

2.

STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN
RESEARCH AREA

2.1.

Support for the co-ordination of activities

2.2.

Support for the coherent development of policies

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Introduction

Unchanged

This programme will promote world class research in key priority areas
of exceptional interest and added value to Europe and the competi-
tiveness of its industry, which have been identified in the framework
programme 2002-2006, as well as on topics that are identified as
being of high importance during the course of implementation of
the framework programme in view of the EU's policy needs and the
opportunities arising in novel, leading edge research areas.

The programme will strive towards greater integration of research in
Europe by means of:

— focused action in priority thematic research areas, using powerful
financing instruments
and networks of
excellence) which bring together the research actors in appropriate
configurations for the new challenges that these priority research
areas represent, and with critical mass;

(integrated projects

— Systematic and co-ordinated planning and execution of research to
support Community policies, and to explore new and emerging
taking account of needs
areas,
scientific
expressed by the relevant actors throughout the EU;

and technological

— promoting the networking and joint action of national and
research and innovation, and the
European frameworks
opening up of national programmes,
in these priority areas,
including where appropriate by the use of actions under Article
169 of the Treaty, as well as in other areas where such action
would be of benefit to the performance of Europe's research base.

for

Unchanged

The programme is complementary to the programme ‘structuring the
European Research Area’ and the specific programme for the JRC, and
its implementation will be co-ordinated with them.

International co-operation represents an important dimension of the
framework programme.
international
activities are carried out in the two forms of:

specific programme,

In this

— Participation of researchers,

teams and institutions from third
countries in projects within the different thematic priority fields,
related to issues arising at world level and being subjects of inter-
national efforts;

— Specific international co-operation activities with some groups of
countries, as a support to Community external relations and devel-
opment aid policies.

The objectives and forms of the international co-operation activities in
the framework programme are described under the heading ‘Specific
activities covering a wider field of research’.

Participation of the candidate countries in this programme will be
encouraged.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will be
encouraged and gender equity will, overall, be assured in the
implementation of the activities.

The activities carried out within the programme will be implemented
in an integrated fashion to assure coherence and synergy between their
various elements and, as appropriate, with other parts of
the
framework programme.

1.

INTEGRATING RESEARCH

1.

FOCUSING AND INTEGRATING COMMUNITY RESEARCH

1.1. Priority thematic areas of research

Unchanged

the

The priority thematic areas represent the bulk of expenditure
under
framework programme 2002-2006. Through a
highly focused Community research effort, the intention is to
together with
generate a substantial
actions
programme
in
2002-2006 and through open co-ordination with other —
regional, national, European and international — frameworks,
will
common
endeavour towards their overall objectives.

leveraging effect which,
the

and highly effective

framework

coherent

result

in a

other

parts

of

The priority thematic areas represent the bulk of expenditure
under
the sixth framework programme. Through a highly
focused Community research effort, the intention is to generate
leveraging effect which, together with actions in
a substantial
other parts of the framework programme and through open
co-ordination with other — regional, national, European and
in a coherent and
international — frameworks, will
highly effective
their overall
objectives.

common endeavour

towards

result

The priority thematic areas of research are:

Deleted

— Genomics and biotechnology for health

— Information Society technologies

— Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials and new production

processes

— Aeronautics and space

— Food Safety and health risks

— Sustainable development and global change

— Citizens and Governance in the European Knowledge-based

society

The actions are therefore described in terms of:

Unchanged

— the overall objectives and expected achievements which are

sought in each priority area;

— the

research priorities

to be pursued by means of

Community action.

The priority thematic areas of research are described in terms of
their overall objectives and the main research focus. The
associated work programme will elaborate further on the
detailed research content.

Within the thematic priority areas, the importance of the new
instruments (integrated projects and networks of excellence) is
recognised as being an overall priority means to attain the
objectives of critical mass, management
simplification and
European added value contributed by Community research in
relation to what is already undertaken at national level, and of
the integration of the research capacities.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Community action in each priority area will be pursued through
integrated projects and networks of excellence. which,
In
addition to research and technological development, may incor-
porate the following types of activity, where they are of specific
relevance to the objectives sought: demonstration, dissemination
and exploitation; co-operation with researchers and research
teams
from third countries; human resource development,
including the promotion of training of researchers; development
of research facilities and infrastructure of specific relevance to
the research being undertaken; and promotion of better links
between science and society, including women in science.

Networks of excellence and integrated projects will be used from
the start of the programme in each thematic priority area and,
where deemed appropriate, as a priority means, while main-
taining the use of specific targeted projects and co-ordination
actions. In addition to research and technological development,
they may incorporate the following types of activity, where they
are of specific relevance to the objectives sought: demonstration,
dissemination and exploitation; co-operation with researchers
and research teams from third countries; human resource devel-
opment,
training of researchers;
development of research facilities and infrastructure of specific
relevance to the research being undertaken; and promotion of
better links between science and society,
including women in
science.

including the promotion of

Specific targeted research projects and co-ordination actions,
giving effect to the concept of a stairway of excellence and
integration, as well as specific support actions, may also be
used in the implementation of the thematic priorities.

In order to attain the objectives of one or more of the priority
thematic areas, it may also be appropriate to implement research
activities falling within the scope of Articles 169 to 171 of the
Treaty.

Deleted

Participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will
be encouraged and gender equity will, overall, be assured in the
implementation of the activities.

Innovation is an important dimension which must be taken into
account in the design and implementation of RTD activities. In
particular, networks of excellence and integrated projects will
include activities relating to dissemination and exploitation of
knowledge and, where relevant, to ensure transfer of technology
and facilitate exploitation of results. Where appropriate, special
attention will be given to technology transfer to SMEs and to the
creation of research-based enterprises as a means of exploiting
research results.

Unchanged

Participation of the candidate countries in this programme will
be encouraged.

Deleted

International co-operation represents an important dimension of
the Framework Programme. In the specific programme,
‘Inte-
grating Research’, international activities are carried out on the
two forms of:

— Participation of researchers, teams and institutions from third
countries in networks of excellence and integrated projects,
in particular on topics, within the different thematic priority
fields, related to issues arising at world level and being
subjects of international efforts;

— Specific

international

co-operation activities with some
groups of countries, as a support to Community external
relations and development aid policies.

The objectives and forms of
the international co-operation
activities in the Framework Programme are described under
the heading ‘Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological
needs’

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The priority research areas include, in certain cases, research at
the borders of traditional disciplines where advances will require
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary effort.
In such cases a
particular attention will be given during the implementation of
the programme to the co-ordination between the different
priority areas, and between these areas and actions under the
heading ‘anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs’.

The priority research areas include, in certain cases, research at
the borders of traditional disciplines where advances will require
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary effort. They will also each
carry out, as appropriate, exploratory research at the leading
edge of knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more
topics within them. Measurement and testing aspects will also
receive necessary emphasis. A particular attention will be given
during the implementation of the programme to the co-ordi-
nation between the different priority areas, and between these
areas and actions under the heading ‘supporting policies and
anticipating scientific and technological needs’.

the ethical social and legal aspects of

Consideration of
the
research to be undertaken and its potential applications, as
well as socio-economic impacts of scientific and technological
development and foresight, will where relevant form a part of
the activities under this heading. Research on ethics related to
scientific and technological developments will be carried out in
the programme ‘Structuring the European Research Area’.

The principle of sustainable development, and gender equality,
will be duly taken into account. Furthermore, consideration of
the ethical, social, legal and wider cultural aspects of the research
to be undertaken and its potential applications, as well as socio-
economic impacts of scientific and technological development
and foresight, will where relevant form a part of the activities
under this heading. Research on ethics related to scientific and
in the
carried out
developments will be
technological
programme ‘Structuring the European Research Area’.

During the implementation of
this programme and in the
research activities arising from it, fundamental ethical principles
are to be respected including the following: protection of human
dignity data and privacy, as well as animals and the environment
in accordance with Community law relevant
international
conventions and codes of conduct, e.g. the Helsinki Declaration,
the Convention of the Council of Europe on Human Rights and
Biomedicine the Universal Declaration on the human genome
and human rights adopted by UNESCO,

During the implementation of
this programme and in the
research activities arising from it, fundamental ethical principles
are to be respected. These include the principles set out in the
Charter of fundamental rights of the EU, including the following:
protection of human dignity and human life, protection of
personal data and privacy,
as well as animals and the
environment in accordance with Community law and relevant
international conventions and codes of conduct, e.g. the Helsinki
Declaration in its latest version, the Convention of the Council of
Europe on Human Rights and Biomedicine signed in Oviedo on
4 April 1997, and the Additional Protocol on the Prohibition of
Cloning Human Beings signed in Paris on 12 January 1998, the
UN Convention on the Rights of
the Universal
Declaration on the human genome and human rights adopted
by Unesco, and the relevant World Health Organisation (WHO)
resolutions.

the Child,

Account will also be taken to the opinions of the European
Group of Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology
(1991-1997) and the opinions of the European Group on Ethics
in Science and New technologies (as from 1998).

Current legislation and regulations in the countries where the
research will be carried out. Where appropriate, participants in
research projects must seek the approval of the relevant ethics
committees prior to the start of the RTD activities. An ethical
review will be implemented systematically for proposals dealing
with sensitive issues. In specific cases, an ethical review may take
place during the implementation of a project.

Participants in research projects must conform to current legis-
lation and regulations in the countries where the research will be
carried out. Where appropriate, participants in research projects
must seek the approval of the relevant ethics committees prior to
the start of the RTD activities. An ethical review will be imple-
mented systematically for proposals dealing with sensitive issues.
In specific cases, an ethical review may take place during the
implementation of a project.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The following fields of research shall not be financed under this
programme:

— research activity aiming at human cloning for reproductive

purposes;

— research activity intended to modify the genetic heritage of
human beings which could make such changes heritable (1);

— research activities intended to create human embryos solely
for the purpose of research or for the purpose of stem cell
procurement,
including by means of somatic cell nuclear
transfer.

In accordance with the Amsterdam protocol on animal
protection and welfare, animal experiments must be replaced
with alternatives wherever possible. Suffering by animals must
be avoided or kept to a minimum. This particularly applies
(pursuant
to animal experiments
involving species which are closest to human beings. Altering
the genetic heritage of animals and cloning of animals may be
considered only if
the aims are ethically justified and the
conditions are such that the animals' welfare is guaranteed and
the principles of biodiversity are respected.

to Directive 86/609/EEC)

1.1.1. Genomics and biotechnology for health (1)

1.1.1. Genomics and biotechnology for health

The sequencing of the human genome and many other genomes
heralds a new age in human biology, offering unprecedented
opportunities
to improve human health and to stimulate
industrial and economic activity. In making its contribution to
realising these benefits, this theme will
focus on integrating
post-genomic research into the more established biomedical
and biotechnological approaches, and will
facilitate the inte-
gration of research capacities (both public and private) across
Europe to increase coherence and achieve critical mass. Inte-
grated multidisciplinary research, which enables a strong inter-
action between technology and biology, is vital in this theme for
translating genome data into practical applications. In addition,
an essential element will be to involve key stakeholders,
in
particular,
and practitioners
policy makers, regulatory authorities and patient associations,
in implementing the theme. Gender equity in the research will
also be ensured (2).

industry, healthcare providers

___________
(1) In this and other areas of activity within the framework programme, human
cloning for reproductive purposes will not be supported; no research activities
modifying or aiming to modify the genetic heritage of human beings will be
carried out; nor will any research activity involving the creation of a human
embryo for research or therapeutic purposes be carried out. As far as possible,
animal experiments and testing should be replaced by in vitro or alternative
methods. Animal suffering must be avoided or kept to a minimum and, in
this regard, special attention must be paid to animal experimentation
involving species that are the closest to human beings (in accordance with
Directive 86/609/CEE). The modification of the genetic heritage of animals
and animal cloning will be envisaged only for objectives that are justified on
ethical grounds and when carried out under conditions respecting animal
welfare and the principles of genetic diversity.

(2) Causes, clinical manifestation, consequences and treatment of disease and
disorders often differ between women and men. Therefore, all activities
funded within this thematic priority must take the possibility of gender
differences into account
research protocols, methodologies and
analysis of results.

in their

The sequencing of the human genome and many other genomes
heralds a new age in human biology, offering unprecedented
opportunities
to improve human health and to stimulate
industrial and economic activity. In making its contribution to
realising these benefits, this theme will
focus on integrating
post-genomic research into the more established biomedical
and biotechnological approaches, and will
facilitate the inte-
gration of research capacities (both public and private) across
Europe to increase coherence and achieve critical mass. Inte-
grated multidisciplinary research, which enables a strong inter-
action between technology and biology, is vital in this theme for
translating genome data into practical applications. In addition,
an essential element will be to involve key stakeholders, for
example, as appropriate industry, healthcare providers and
authorities, patient
regulatory
physicians, policy makers,
in
on
experts
associations,
implementing the theme. Gender equity in the research will
also be ensured (2).

ethical matters,

and

etc.

___________
(1) Research relating to cancer treatment of the gonads can be financed.
(2) Causes, clinical manifestation, consequences and treatment of disease and
disorders often differ between women and men. Therefore, all activities
funded within this thematic priority must take the possibility of gender
differences into account
research protocols, methodologies and
analysis of results.

in their

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This thematic priority area will stimulate and sustain multidis-
ciplinary basic research to exploit the full potential of genome
information to underpin applications to human health. The
emphasis will be put on research aimed at bringing basic
knowledge through to application, to enable real and consistent
progress in medicine and improve the quality of
life. This
research may also have implications for research on areas
such as agriculture and environment, which are addressed
under other thematic priorities.

Unchanged

This thematic priority area will stimulate and sustain multidis-
ciplinary basic research to exploit the full potential of genome
information to underpin applications to human health.

conclusions of
to create

It will be an integral component of the European Community
effort to enhance the European biotechnology industry in line
It will
with the
the Stockholm Council.
endeavour
that
strong links with all activities
improve the framework conditions
innovation in the
for
health sector of
the biotechnology industry, especially in
SMEs, including stimulating entrepreneurship and opportunities
for investment through venture capital and the involvement of
the European Investment Bank. Attention will also be paid to
the identification of regulatory bottlenecks in the development
of new applications for genomics, to the anticipation at the
earliest possible stage of the ethical
implications and to the
broader implications of developments in genomics research for
society and citizens.

This thematic priority area will also foster the implementation
the European
and development of
Community.

the health strategy of

the thematic priority,

Throughout
international collaboration
will be encouraged. Where appropriate, due account will be
given to the European Community's commitment to poverty
reduction in developing countries and the importance that
improved health will bring to the process — in line with
Article 177 of the Treaty and with the European Community's
accelerated actions to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuber-
culosis.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

(i) Advanced genomics and its applications for health

(i) Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics

Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for
genomics in all organisms

functional

The strategic objective of this line is to foster the basic
understanding of genomic information, by developing the
knowledge base, tools and resources needed to decipher the
function of genes and gene products relevant to human
health (including animal, plant and microbial genomes)
and to explore their
interactions with each other and
with their environment. Research actions will encompass
the following:

The strategic objective of this line is to foster the basic
understanding of genomic information, by developing the
knowledge base, tools and resources needed to decipher the
function of genes and gene products relevant to human
health and to explore their interactions with each other
and with their
environment. Research actions will
encompass the following:

— Gene expression and proteomics: The objectives are to
enable researchers to better decipher the functions of
genes and gene products as well as to define the
complex regulatory networks
that
control fundamental biological processes.

(biocomplexity)

Unchanged

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Research will
focus on: developing high throughput
tools and approaches for monitoring gene expression
and protein profiles and for determining protein
function and protein interactions.

— Structural genomics: The objectives are to enable
researchers to determine, more effectively and at a
currently
higher
the 3-D
than is
rate
feasible,
and other macromolecules,
structure of proteins
which is important
for elucidating protein function
and essential for drug design.

Research will
approaches
for
structures of macromolecules.

focus on: developing high throughput
3-D

high-resolution

determining

— Comparative genomics and population genetics: The
objectives are to enable researchers to use well-char-
acterised model organisms for predicting and testing
gene function and to take full advantage of specific
population cohorts available in Europe to determine
the relationship between gene function and health or
disease.

Research will focus on: developing model organisms
and transgenic tools; developing genetic epidemiology
tools and standardised genotyping protocols.

— Bioinformatics: The objectives are to enable researchers
to access efficient tools for managing and interpreting
the ever-increasing quantities of genome data and for
making it available to the research community in an
accessible and usable form.

Research will focus on: developing bioinformatic tools
and resources for data storage, mining and processing;
developing computational biology approaches for in
silico prediction of gene function and for the simulation
of complex regulatory networks.

— Multidisciplinary functional genomics approaches to
basic biological processes: The objectives are to enable
researchers to study fundamental biological processes
by integrating the above innovative approaches.

Research will focus on: elucidation of the mechanisms
underlying fundamental cellular processes, to identify
the genes involved and to decipher their biological
functions in living organisms.

(ii) Applications of genomics and biotechnology for health

Applications of knowledge and technologies in the field of
genomics and biotechnology for health

The strategic objective of this line is to foster the competi-
tiveness of Europe's biotechnology industry by exploiting
the wealth of biological data produced by genomics and
advances
actions will
in
encompass the following:

biotechnology.

Research

Unchanged

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through

collaboration

— Technological platforms for the developments in the
fields of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic
tools: The objectives are to foster academic and
technological
industrial
platforms where multidisciplinary approaches using
cutting
from genomic
research (such as pharmacogenomics) may contribute
to health care progress and cost reduction through
individualised treatment and
more precise diagnosis,
more efficient development pathways for new drugs
and therapies, and other novel products of the new
technologies.

technologies

arising

edge

collaboration

— Technological platforms for the developments in the
fields of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic
tools: The objectives are to foster academic and
technological
industrial
platforms where multidisciplinary approaches using
cutting
from genomic
research may contribute to health care progress and
cost reduction through more precise diagnosis, individ-
efficient development
ualised treatment and more
pathways for new drugs and therapies, and other
novel products of the new technologies.

technologies

through

arising

edge

Research will focus on: rational and accelerated devel-
opment of new, safer, more effective drugs including
pharmacogenomics approaches; development of new
to
diagnostics; development of new in vitro tests
replace
and
testing of new preventive and therapeutic tools, such
as somatic gene and cell therapies (in particular stem
cell
innovative
research in post-genomics, which has high potential
for application.

experimentation; development

immunotherapies;

therapies)

animal

and

Research will focus on: rational and accelerated devel-
opment of new, safer, more effective drugs; devel-
opment of new diagnostics; development of new in
vitro tests to replace animal experimentation; devel-
opment and testing of new preventive and therapeutic
tools, such as somatic gene and cell therapies (including
stem cell therapies) and immunotherapies;

— Support for innovative research in genomics start-up
companies: The objectives are to facilitate the creation
of research-based start-ups in Europe, to help sustain
their early growth and to foster their further devel-
opment in a multinational environment.

Deleted

innovative aspects of post-
Research will
focus on:
genomics, which have high potential
for application
to health related issues and which are also expected
to lead to entrepreneurial
in start-up
companies.

initiatives

With a view to ensuring socially responsible choices, public
acceptance and an efficient development pathway for these
new technologies, an active and early involvement of
regulators, patients and society at large will be necessary.

With a view to ensuring socially responsible choices, public
acceptance and an efficient development pathway for these
new technologies, an active and early involvement in the
above activities of regulators, experts on ethics, patients and
society at large will be necessary.

(ii) Combating major diseases

Unchanged

(iii) Application in medicine and public health

Application-oriented
knowledge and technologies

genomic

approaches

to medical

and for

The strategic objective of this line is to develop improved
strategies for the prevention and management of human
It will
disease
concentrate
genomic
approach into more established medical approaches for
investigating disease and health determinants. Research
actions will focus on the following:

living and ageing healthily.

integrating

exclusively

the

on

and for

living and ageing healthily.

The strategic objective of this line is to develop improved
strategies for the prevention and management of human
disease
It will
concentrate exclusively on integrating genomic approach
into more established
through all
medical approaches for investigating disease and health
determinants. The emphasis will be put on translational
research aimed at bringing basic knowledge through to
clinical application. Research actions will
focus on the
following:

relevant organisms

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— Combating cancer, cardiovascular disease, and rare
diseases: The objectives are to improve the prevention
and management of the two major causes of ill health
and mortality in Europe and to pool Europe's research
resources for tackling rare diseases.

— Combating, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rare
diseases: The objectives are to improve the prevention
and management of important causes of mortality and
ill health in Europe and to pool Europe's research
resources for tackling rare diseases.

Research will focus on: integrating clinical expertise and
resources with relevant model systems and advanced
tools in functional genomics to generate breakthroughs
in the prevention and management of these diseases.

Unchanged

— Combating resistance to drugs: The objectives are to
confront the major threat to public health caused by
drug resistant pathogens.

Research will focus on: exploitation of the knowledge
of microbial genomes and on host-pathogen inter-
actions for the development of vaccines and alternative
therapeutic strategies to circumvent
the problem of
antimicrobial drug resistance; development of strategies
for optimal usage of antimicrobials; support
to the
European Community network for
epidemiological
surveillance and control of communicable diseases.

— Studying the brain and combating diseases of

the
nervous system: The objectives are to use genome
information to understand better the functioning and
dysfunctioning of
in order to gain new
insight into mental processes, to combat neurological
disorders and diseases, and to improve brain repair.

the brain,

Unchanged

— Combating resistance to antibiotics and other drugs:
to

The objectives are to confront
public health caused by drug resistant pathogens.

the major threat

Research will focus on: exploitation of the knowledge
of microbial genomes and on host-pathogen inter-
actions for the development of vaccines and alternative
therapeutic strategies to circumvent
the problem of
antimicrobial and other drug resistance; development
of
for optimal usage of antimicrobials;
to the European Community network for
support
epidemiological
of
communicable diseases.

surveillance

strategies

control

and

Research will focus on: understanding the molecular
and cellular bases of brain function, damage, plasticity
and repair, learning, memory and cognition; developing
strategies for prevention and management of neur-
ological disorders and diseases.

Research will focus on: understanding the molecular
and cellular bases of brain function, damage, plasticity
and repair, learning, memory and cognition; developing
strategies for prevention and management of neur-
ological and mental disorders and diseases.

— Studying human development and the ageing process:
The objective is to better understand human devel-
opment, with special emphasis on the ageing process,
in order to develop the evidence base for improving
public health strategies to promote healthy living and
healthy ageing.

Unchanged

Research will focus on: understanding human devel-
opment
from conception to adolescence; exploring
the molecular and cellular determinants of healthy
ageing including their interactions with environmental,
behavioural and gender factors.

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Combating cancer

to develop improved patient-oriented
The objective is
strategies, from prevention to diagnosis and treatment, for
combating cancer. The research will therefore concentrate
on translating the new knowledge being created by
genomics and other fields of basic research into applications
that improve clinical practice and public health.

The patient-oriented approach will include three interlinked
components. Research will focus on:

— Establishing facilities for the exploitation of research on
in Europe; encouraging the development of
cancer
evidence-based guidelines
for good clinical practice
and improved public health strategies by accelerating
the
into
applications.

research results

translation of

existing

— Supporting clinical research, particularly clinical trials,
aimed at validating new and improved interventions.

— Supporting translational research aimed at bringing
basic knowledge through to applications in clinical
practice and public health.

(iv) Confronting the major communicable diseases linked to poverty

Confronting the major communicable diseases linked to
poverty

The strategic objective of this line is to confront the global
emergency caused by the three major communicable
diseases — HIV/AIDS, malaria
and tuberculosis —
through the development of effective disease interventions,
particularly for use in developing countries. It is envisaged
that developing countries will be significant partners in the
through the
implementation of
European Platform.

in particular

this line,

spectrum from basic molecular

focus on: developing promising candidate
Research will
interventions (vaccines,
therapies and HIV microbicides)
against the target diseases by sponsoring research over the
full
taking
advantage of microbial genomics, through to pre-clinical
testing and proof-of-principle; establishing a European
platform to unite and support Europe's clinical
trial
activities specifically targeted at interventions for use in
developing countries; establishing an AIDS Therapy Trials
Network in Europe to improve the coherence and comple-
mentarity of clinical trials of AIDS therapies for European
use.

research,

The strategic objective of this line is to confront the global
emergency caused by the three major communicable
diseases — HIV/AIDS, malaria
and tuberculosis —
through the development of effective disease interventions,
particularly for use in developing countries. It is envisaged
that developing countries will be significant partners in the
implementation of this line and, as appropriate, participate
directly in specific activities within it, in particular through
the clinical trials programme

spectrum from basic molecular

focus on: developing promising candidate
Research will
interventions (vaccines,
therapies and HIV microbicides)
against the target diseases by sponsoring research over the
full
taking
advantage of microbial genomics, through to pre-clinical
testing and proof-of-principle; establishing a clinical trials
programme to unite and support Europe's clinical
trial
activities specifically targeted at interventions for use in
developing countries; establishing an AIDS Therapy Trials
Network in Europe to improve the coherence and comple-
mentarity of clinical trials of AIDS therapies for European
use.

research,

include exploratory research at

The research activities carried out within this thematic
priority area will
the
leading edge of knowledge on subjects closely related to
one or more
topics within it. Two complementary
approaches will be utilised: one receptive and open — the
other proactive.

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1.1.2. Information Society technologies

Unchanged

societal challenges

Information society technologies (IST) are transforming the
economy and society. Not only are they creating new ways of
working and new types of business, but provide solutions to
such as healthcare, environment,
major
safety, mobility and employment, and have far reaching impli-
cations on our everyday life. The IST sector is now one the most
important of
turnover of
the economy, with an annual
EUR 2 000 billion, providing employment for more than 12
million people in Europe.

The IST thematic priority will contribute directly to realising
European policies for the knowledge society as agreed at the
Lisbon Council of 2000, the Stockholm Council of 2001, and
reflected in the e-Europe Action Plan. It will ensure European
leadership in the generic and applied technologies at the heart
of the knowledge economy. It aims to increase innovation and
competitiveness in European businesses and industry and to
contribute to greater benefits for all European citizens.

Successes, like those achieved in Europe in mobile communi-
cations or consumer electronics, will not be repeated unless a
real effort is made to achieve critical mass in key domains of IST
research. The actions will therefore mobilise the community of
researchers around medium to long term objectives, facilitating
the integration of public and private effort on a European scale,
to build essential competencies and strengthen innovation. They
will
involve high-risk and long term RTD such as the devel-
opment of the next generation of mobile and wireless systems
beyond 3G and will include underpinning research to investigate
and experiment with future and emerging technologies within
the specific context of the priority research areas indicated

of

the

full

potential

from taking

is widening within Europe and across

Although substantial advances have been achieved, we are still
far
of
advantage
knowledge-based services in real life. Products and services are
still hard to use and out of reach for many people, and the
the
‘digital divide’
world. Research will focus on the future generation of tech-
nologies in which computers and networks will be integrated
into the everyday environment, rendering accessible a multitude
of
through easy-to-use human
interfaces. This vision of ‘ambient intelligence’ places the user,
the individual, at
future developments for an
inclusive knowledge-based society for all.

and applications

the centre of

services

encouraging the participation of

The IST priority in support of the eEurope action plan, will help
build an information and knowledge based society across
Europe,
least developed
regions. It will also include activities linking the EU effort to
the international context. The aim is to achieve thematic area
global consensus when appropriate e.g. through the Intelligent
Manufacturing Systems (IMS)
the dialogue on
dependability issues, to integrate further the research of the
Newly Associated States within the EU effort and to facilitate
co-operation with developing countries.

initiative or

Successes, like those achieved in Europe in mobile communi-
cations or consumer electronics, will not be repeated unless a
real effort is made to achieve critical mass in key domains of IST
research. The actions will therefore mobilise the community of
researchers around medium to long term objectives, facilitating
the integration of public and private effort on a European scale,
to build essential competencies and strengthen innovation. They
will
involve high-risk and long term RTD such as the devel-
opment of the next generation of mobile and wireless systems
beyond 3G.

Unchanged

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In addition to the above, the priority thematic area will support
research to investigate and experiment with future visions and
emerging technologies at the frontier of knowledge in the IST
field.

Within the context of the priorities identified below, the priority
thematic area will also include activities relating to the further
development of Géant and GRIDs.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

Unchanged

(i) Applied IST research addressing major societal and economic

challenges

solutions

The objective is to extend the scope and efficiency of
IST-based
and
economic challenges, and to make them accessible in the
most trusted and natural way, anywhere and anytime to
citizens, businesses and organisations.

addressing major

societal

— Research on confidence: The objective is to develop
technologies for key security challenges posed by the
‘all-digital’ world and by the need to secure the rights of
individuals and communities.

— Technologies for trust and security: The objective is to
develop technologies for key security challenges posed
by the ‘all-digital’ world and by the need to secure the
rights of individuals and communities.

dynamic

cryptography,

interoperability,

Research will focus on basic security mechanisms and
security processes,
their
advanced
tech-
nologies, technologies to handle digital assets and tech-
nologies for dependability to support business and
organisational
and mobile
systems.

in dynamic

enhancing

functions

privacy

Unchanged

— Research addressing societal challenges: The focus is on
‘ambient intelligence’ for a broader inclusion of citizens
in the Information Society, for more effective health,
security, mobility and environment management and
support systems, and for the preservation of cultural
heritage,
integration of multiple functionalities across
these different domains will be also supported.

for

for

that will

disabilities

compensate

Research activities on ‘e-inclusion’ will concentrate on
systems enabling access for all, on barrier-free tech-
information
nologies
full participation in the
restore
society and on assistive systems
thereby
functions or
enabling a higher quality of
life for citizens with
special needs and their carers. In the area of health,
the work will focus on intelligent systems aimed at
supporting health professionals, at providing patients
with personalised healthcare and information, and at
stimulating health promotion and disease prevention
in the general population. Research will also address
intelligent
the protection of
to enhance
people and property and for securing and safeguarding
civil infrastructures.

systems

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infomobility

advanced logistics

In the area of mobility, research will focus on vehicle
infrastructure and portable systems to provide inte-
grated safety, comfort and efficiency and allow for the
and
provision of
location based services. Research in the area of
focus on knowledge-based systems
environment will
for natural
risk
resource management
for
prevention and crisis management.
In the area of
leisure, research will focus on intelligent and mobile
systems
and
tourism. For cultural heritage, the effort will focus on
intelligent systems for dynamic access to and preser-
vation of tangible and intangible cultural and scientific
resources.

entertainment

application

and

and

for

infomobility

advanced logistics

In the area of mobility, research will focus on vehicle
infrastructure and portable systems to provide inte-
grated safety, comfort and efficiency and allow for the
and
provision of
location based services. Research in the area of
focus on knowledge-based systems
environment will
for natural
risk
prevention and crisis management including humani-
tarian mine clearance. In the area of leisure, research
focus on intelligent and mobile systems and
will
and
application
For
for
tourism.
cultural heritage,
focus on intelligent
systems for dynamic access to and preservation of
tangible and intangible cultural and scientific resources.

entertainment
the effort will

resource management

and

for

Unchanged

— Research addressing work and business challenges: The
individuals, public
objective is to provide businesses,
and other organisations with the
administrations,
means to fully contribute to, and benefit
from, the
development of a trusted knowledge-based economy,
whilst at
the same time improving the quality of
work and working life and support life-long continuous
learning to improve work skills. Research will also aim
at a better understanding of the socio-economic drivers
and impact of IST development.

in

competitive

performance

innovation capacities,

to enhance
and

Research in e-business and e-government will focus on
providing European organisations, private and public,
and especially SMEs, with interoperable systems and
value
services
creation
the
knowledge economy and on supporting new business
ecosystems. Research in organisational knowledge
supporting organisational
management will aim at
innovation and responsiveness
through elicitation,
sharing, trading, and delivery of knowledge. Work on
electronic and mobile commerce will
inter-
operable, multimodal applications and services across
heterogeneous networks.
anytime-
anywhere trading, collaboration, workflow, and elec-
tronic services covering the whole value creation cycle
of extended products and services.

It will

include

target

designs

innovative

focus on new
Research into e-work systems will
workplace
tech-
incorporating
nologies to facilitate creativity and collaboration, on
increasing resource-use efficiency and on extending
work opportunities to all in local communities. Work
on e-learning will focus on personalised access to, and
learning as well as on advanced learning
delivery of,
environments
in the
workplace that take advantage of the development of
ambient intelligence.

school, university

and

at

designs

innovative

focus on new
Research into e-work systems will
workplace
tech-
incorporating
nologies to facilitate creativity and collaboration, on
increasing resource-use efficiency and on extending
work opportunities to all in local communities. Work
on e-learning will focus on personalised access to, and
learning as well as on advanced learning
delivery of,
environments at school, university,
in the workplace
and in lifelong learning in general, taking advantage
of the development of ambient intelligence.

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Unchanged

for

harnessing

computing

— Complex problem solving in science, engineering, busi-
nesses and for society: The objective is to develop tech-
nologies
storage
resources which are distributed in geographically
dispersed locations, and for making them accessible,
in a seamless way,
for complex problem solving in
industry, business and society. Application
science,
fields include environment, energy, health,
transport,
industrial engineering, finance and new media.

and

Research will
focus on new computational models,
including computing and information GRIDs, peer-
to-peer technologies and the associated middleware to
make use of large scale highly distributed computing
and storage
and to develop scalable,
dependable and secure platforms. It will include novel
programming methods
collaborative
supporting interoperability of applications and new
generations of
visualisation and data
mining tools.

simulation,

resources

tools

and

(ii) Communication and computing infrastructures

(ii) Communication, computing and software technologies

The objectives are to consolidate and further develop
European strengths in areas such as mobile communi-
cations, consumer electronics and embedded software and
systems, and to improve the performance, cost-efficiency,
functionality and adaptive capabilities of communications
and computing technologies. Work will also lead to the
next generation Internet.

Unchanged

The objectives are to consolidate and further develop
European strengths in areas such as mobile communi-
cations, consumer electronics and embedded software, and
to improve the performance, cost-efficiency, functionality
and
and
computing technologies.

communications

capabilities

adaptive

of

— Communication

and

network

technologies:

The
objective is to develop the new generations of mobile
and wireless systems and networks that allow optimal
service connection anywhere as well as all-optical
and
networks
capacity, solutions to improve network interoperation
and adaptability, and technologies
for personalised
access to networked audio-visual systems.

to increase network

transparency

next

generation

Work on terrestrial and satellite (1) based, mobile and
wireless systems and networks beyond 3G will focus on
ensuring
the
of
co-operation and seamless
service
and control planes of multiple wireless technologies
over a common IP (Internet Protocol) platform as well
as novel spectral efficient protocols, tools and tech-
nologies, to build wireless re-configurable IP enabled
devices, systems and networks.

technologies,
inter-working at

___________
(1) The activity on satellite communications is done in coordination with the

activities in priority 4 ‘aeronautics and space’.

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

Research in all optical networks will
focus on the
management of optical wavelength channels enabling
flexibility and speed in service deployment and provi-
sioning and solutions for fibre to the LAN. Research on
interoperable network solutions,
including end-to-end
support generic services
network management will
interoperation
provision
interworking,
and
between heterogeneous networks and platforms.
It
to provide
will
adaptive and real-time allocation of network resources
and enhanced service management
capabilities by
customers.

include programmable networks

and

Research will also address the enabling technologies for
personalised access to networked audio-visual systems
and applications
service
platforms and networks, trusted digital TV architectures
and appliances able to process, encode, store, sense and
display hybrid 3D multimedia signals and objects.

cross-media

as well

as

— Software technologies, services and distributed systems:
The objective is to develop new software technologies,
multifunctional service creation environments as well as
tools for the control of complex distributed systems for
the realisation of an ambient intelligence landscape and
for coping with the expected growth and spread of
applications and services.

It will address middleware for

Research will focus on new technologies for software
systems and services, that address composability, scal-
ability, reliability and robustness as well as autonomous
self-adaptation.
the
fully distributed
management, control and use of
resources. Work on multifunctional service creation
frameworks will
environments and new component
aim at
functionality,
including meta-information, semantics and taxonomy
of the building blocks.

the development of

service

— Software

systems

embedded

technologies,

and
distributed systems: The objective is to develop new
software technologies, multifunctional service creation
environments as well as
the control of
complex distributed systems for the realisation of an
intelligence landscape and for coping with
ambient
the expected growth and spread of applications and
services.

tools

for

include middleware

that address composability,

Research will focus on new technologies for software
and systems
scalability,
reliability and robustness as well as autonomous self-
adaptation.
the
It will
fully distributed
management, control and use of
resources. Work on multifunctional service creation
frameworks will
environments and new component
aim at
functionality,
including meta-information, semantics and taxonomy
of the building blocks.

the development of

service

for

New strategies, algorithms, and tools for systematic and
accurate design, prototyping and control of complex
e.g. with
distributed systems will be
embedded
computing
resources. Work will
include cognitive techniques for
generic object and event recognition.

addressed.
ubiquitous

controllers

and

New strategies, algorithms, and tools for systematic and
accurate design, prototyping and control of complex
addressed. Work will
distributed systems will be
include networked embedded systems, distributed
sensing, computing, storage resources and related inter-
communication. Dynamic resources allocation will be a
key feature as well as cognitive techniques for generic
object and events recognition.

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

(iii) Components and microsystems

Unchanged

— Micro-, Nano- and optoelectronics: The objective is to
reduce the cost, increase the performance and improve
reconfigurability,
and self-
adjusting capabilities of micro-, nano- and optoelec-
tronic components and systems-on-a-chip.

adaptability

scalability,

It will address alternative process

Research will focus on pushing the limits of CMOS
process and equipment
technologies and enhancing
device functionality, performance and integration of
functions.
tech-
nologies, device types, materials and architectures to
meet demands of communication and computing.
Particular emphasis will be put on RF, mixed-signal
and low power design. Work on optical, opto-elec-
tronic,
components, will
address devices and systems for information processing,
and
communication,
imaging. Research on electron based nano-devices, as
well as on molecular electronics devices and tech-
nologies, will target
those that promise broad func-
tionality and have integration- and mass fabrication
potential.

and photonic

switching,

functional

storage,

sensing

is

to improve

— Micro and nano technologies, microsystems, displays:
cost-efficiency,
The objective
performance
subsystems and
microsystems and to increase the level of integration
and miniaturisation allowing for improved interfacing
with their surrounding and with networked services
and systems.

and functionality of

the

biology,

chemistry,

Research will focus on new applications and functions
take advantage of multi-disciplinary interactions
that
(electronics, mechanics,
etc.)
combined with the use of micro and nano-structures
and new materials. The aim is to develop innovative,
cost-effective and reliable microsystems and recon-
figurable, miniaturised subsystem modules. Work will
information-rich and higher
also include low cost,
resolution displays
advanced sensors
including low cost vision and biometric sensors, and
haptic devices. Work on nano-devices and nano-
basic
the
address
systems will
phenomena, processes and structures
that promise
novel or improved sensing or actuating functionality
as well as their integration and fabrication.

exploitation

as well

of

as

(iv) Knowledge and interface technologies

The objective is to improve usability of IST applications and
services and access to the knowledge they embody in order
to encourage their wider adoption and faster deployment.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

is

and digital

technologies

content: The
— Knowledge
objective
for
creating and organising virtual knowledge spaces (e.g.
collective memories) so as to stimulate radically new
content and media services and applications.

automated solutions

to provide

address

systems

cognitive

acquiring

including

representing

and modelling,

tools. Work will

Work will focus on technologies to support the process
of
and
visualising, interpreting and sharing knowledge. These
functions will be integrated in new semantic-based and
and
context-aware
agent-based
extensible
knowledge resources and ontologies so as to facilitate
service interoperabilitiy and enable next-generation
semantic-web applications. Research will also address
creation,
technologies
management and publishing of multimedia content,
across fixed and mobile networks and devices, with
the ability to self-adapt to user expectations. The aim
is to stimulate the creation of rich interactive content
for personalised broadcasting and advanced trusted
media and entertainment applications.

support

design,

the

to

Work will focus on technologies to support the process
of acquiring and modelling, navigating and retrieving,
representing and visualising,
interpreting and sharing
knowledge. These functions will be integrated in new
semantic-based and context-aware systems including
cognitive and agent-based tools. Work will address
extensible knowledge resources and ontologies so as
to facilitate service interoperabilitiy and enable next-
generation semantic-web applications. Research will
the design,
also address
creation, management and publishing of multimedia
content,
and
devices, with the ability to self-adapt to user expec-
tations. The aim is to stimulate the creation of rich
interactive content for personalised broadcasting and
advanced trusted media and entertainment applications.

fixed and mobile networks

technologies

to support

across

— Intelligent interfaces and surfaces: The objective is to
provide more effective ways of accessing ubiquitous
information and easier and natural
interaction modes
with intelligence that surrounds us.

Unchanged

Research will
focus on interfaces and interactive
surfaces that are natural, adaptive and multi-sensorial,
for an ambient landscape that is aware of our presence,
capable of
personality and needs, and which is
responding intelligently to speech, or gesture. The aim
is to hide the complexity of technology by supporting a
seamless human interaction with devices, virtual and
physical objects and the knowledge embedded in
everyday environments.

Research will
and interactive
focus on interfaces
surfaces that are natural, adaptive and multi-sensorial,
for an ambient landscape that is aware of our presence,
capable of
personality and needs, and which is
responding intelligently to speech, gesture or other
senses. The aim is to hide the complexity of technology
by supporting a seamless interaction between humans,
between humans and devices, virtual and physical
objects and the knowledge embedded in everyday
environments. This includes research on virtual and
augmented reality

Work will also address technologies for multilingual
and multicultural access and communication that
support timely and cost effective provisions of inter-
active information-rich services meeting the personal,
professional and business requirements of all members
of linguistically and culturally diverse communities.

Unchanged

in this area,

IST future and emerging technologies:
the
objective is to help new IST-related science and technology
fields and communities to emerge, some of which will
become strategic for economic and social development in
the future and will feed into the mainstream IST activities in
the future. To ensure openness to unforeseeable ideas,
critical mass of research where strategic focus is needed,
and seamless coverage of the IST frontier, two comple-
mentary approaches will be utilised: one receptive and
open — the other proactive.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

1.1.3. Nanotechnologies,
processes

intelligent materials and new production

1.1.3. Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multi-
functional materials and new production processes and devices

The twofold transition toward a knowledge-based society and of
sustainable development demands new paradigms of production
and new concepts of product-services. European production
to move from resource-based
industry as a whole needs
towards
to
approaches,
quality,
from mass produced single-use products to manu-
factured-on-demand multi-use, upgradable product-services;
value-added
tangible’
from ‘material
products, processes and services.

knowledge-based

from quantity

to ‘intangible’

and

The twofold transition toward a knowledge-based society and of
sustainable development demands new paradigms of production
and new concepts of product-services. European production
to move from resource-based
industry as a whole needs
environment-friendly
knowledge-based,
towards
approaches,
from mass produced
from quantity to quality,
to manufactured-on-demand multi-use,
single-use products
to
upgradable product-services;
‘intangible’ value-added products, processes and services.

from ‘material and tangible’

more

Unchanged

These changes are associated with radical shifts in industrial
structures,
involving a stronger presence of innovative enter-
prises, with capabilities in networks and mastering new hybrid
technologies combining nanotechnologies, material
sciences,
information technologies, bio and environmental
engineering,
sciences. Such an evolution implies a strong collaboration
across traditional scientific frontiers. Leading edge industrial
developments involve also a strong synergy between technology
and organisation,
the performance of both being highly
dependent on new skills.

Successful technological solutions have to be sought more and
more upstream in the design and production processes; new
materials and nanotechnologies have a crucial role to play in
this respect, as drivers of innovation. This requires changes of
emphasis in Community research activities from short to longer
term and in innovation which must move from incremental to
breakthrough strategies. Community research will benefit greatly
from an international dimension.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

(i) Nanotechnologies

(i) Nanotechnologies and Nanosciences

Unchanged

twofold:

Nanotechnologies represent a new approach to materials
science and engineering. Europe enjoys a strong position
in the nanosciences,
that needs to be translated into a
real competitive advantage for European industry. The
objective is
to promote the creation of an
RTD-intensive European nanotechnology related industry,
and to promote
in
existing industrial sectors. Research may be long-term and
industrial
high risk, but will be oriented
application. An active policy of encouraging industrial
companies and SMEs, including start-ups, will be pursued,
amongst others through the promotion of strong industry/
research interactions in consortia undertaking projects with
substantial critical mass.

the uptake of nanotechnologies

towards

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— Long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding
phenomena, mastering
developing
research tools: The objectives are to expand the
generic underlying knowledge base of application
oriented nano-science and nanotechnology, and to
develop leading edge research tools and techniques.

processes

and

— Long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding
phenomena, harnessing processes
and developing
research tools: The objectives are to expand the
generic underlying knowledge base of application
oriented nano-science and nanotechnology, and to
develop leading edge research tools and techniques.

Research will focus on: molecular and mesoscopic scale
phenomena; self-assembling materials and structures;
molecular and bio-molecular mechanisms and engines;
multi-disciplinary and new approaches
to integrate
developments
in inorganic, organic and biological
materials and processes.

Unchanged

— Nanobiotechnologies: The objective

to support
and
research into the
non-biological
in
many applications, such as for processing and for
medical and environmental analysis systems.

entities, opening new horizons

integration of biological

is

entities,

interfaces

focus on:

lab-on-chip,

to
Research will
biological
surface modified nano-particles,
advanced drug delivery and other areas of integrating
nano-systems
biological
entities; processing, manipulation and detection of
or
biological molecules
electronic
complexes,
detection
entities, micro-fluidics,
biological
promotion and control of growth of cells on substrates.

nanoelectronics with

or

of

— Nanometre-scale

techniques

engineering

to create
materials and components: The objective is to develop
novel functional and structural materials of superior
performance, by controlling their nano-structure. This
will
their production and
processing.

include technologies

for

Research will
focus on: nano-structured alloys and
composites, advanced functional polymeric materials,
and nano-structured functional materials.

— Development of handling and control devices and
to develop a new
instruments: The objective
generation of instrumentation for analysis and manu-
facture at the nano-scale. A guiding target will be a
feature size or resolution of the order of 10 nm.

is

focus on: a variety of advanced tech-
Research will
niques
for nano-scale manufacture (lithography or
microscopy based techniques); breakthrough tech-
nologies, methodologies or instruments exploiting the
self-assembling properties of matter and developing
nano-scale machines.

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

— Applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy,
optics and the environment: The objective is to foster
the potential of nanotechnologies
in breakthrough
applications through the integration of research devel-
opments in materials and technological devices in an
industrial context.

focus on:

computational modelling,
Research will
advanced production technologies; development of
innovative materials with improved characteristics.

(ii) Intelligent Materials

(ii) Knowledge-based multifunctional materials

Unchanged

New, high knowledge-content materials, providing new func-
tionalities and improved performance, will be critical drivers
of innovation in technologies, devices and systems, benefiting
sustainable development and competitiveness in sectors such
as transport, energy, medicine, electronics, and construction.
To assure Europe's strong positions in emerging technology
markets, which are expected to grow by one or two orders of
magnitude within the next decade, the various actors need to
edge RTD partnerships,
be mobilised through leading
including high risk
through integration
between research on materials and industrial applications.

research and

— Development of fundamental knowledge: The objective is
to understand complex physico-chemical and biological
phenomena relevant to the mastering and processing of
intelligent materials with the help of experimental, theor-
etical and modelling tools. This will provide the basis for
synthesising larger complex or self-assembling structures
with defined physical, chemical or biological charac-
teristics.

Research will focus on:
long-term, trans-disciplinary and
high industrial risk activities to design and develop new
structures with defined characteristics; development of
supra-molecular
engineering,
focusing on the synthesis, exploitation and potential use
of novel highly complex molecules and their compounds.

and macromolecular

— Technologies

associated with the production,

trans-
formation of new materials: The objective
the
sustainable production of new ‘smart’ materials with
tailor-made functionalities and for building up macro-
structures. These novel materials, serving multisectorial
applications should incorporate in-built characteristics to
be exploited under predetermined circumstances as well as
enhanced bulk properties or barrier and surface charac-
teristics for higher performance.

is

— Technologies

associated with the production,

trans-
formation and processing of knowledge-based multifunc-
tional materials, and biomaterials: The objective is the
sustainable production of new ‘smart’ materials with
tailor-made functionalities and for building up macro-
structures. These novel materials, serving multisectorial
applications should incorporate in-built characteristics to
be exploited under predetermined circumstances as well as
enhanced bulk properties or barrier and surface charac-
teristics for higher performance.

Research will focus on: new materials; engineered and self-
repairing materials; crosscutting technologies
including
surface science and engineering.

Unchanged

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— Engineering support

is

to bridge

for materials development: The
objective
gap from ‘knowledge
the
production’ to ‘knowledge use’, thus overcoming the EU
industry's weaknesses in the integration of materials and
manufacturing. This will be achieved by the development
of new tools enabling the production of new materials in
a context of sustainable competitiveness.

Research will focus on:
inherent aspects of optimising
materials design, processing
and tools; mechanical
incorporation of
testing,
life-cycle approaches, obsolescence, bio-compatibility and
eco-efficiency.

validation and up-scaling;

Research will focus on:
inherent aspects of optimising
materials design, processing and tools; testing, validation
life-cycle approaches,
incorporation of
and up-scaling;
obsolescence, bio-compatibility and eco-efficiency.

(iii) New Production Processes

(iii) New production processes and devices

supporting

developments,

New production concepts which are more flexible, integrated,
safe and clean will depend on breakthrough organisational and
new products,
technological
processes and services, and at
the same time decreasing
(internal and external) costs. The objective is to provide the
industrial systems of the future with the necessary tools for
efficient life-cycle design, production, use and recovery as well
as appropriate organisational models and improved knowledge
management.

Unchanged

— Development of

flexible and intelligent manufacturing
systems. The objective is to encourage industry's transition
towards more knowledge-based production and systems
organisation and to considering production from a more
holistic perspective, encompassing not only hardware and
software, but also people and the way in which they learn
and share knowledge.

— Development of new processes and flexible and intelligent
manufacturing systems. The objective is to encourage
industry's
transition towards more knowledge-based
production and systems organisation and to considering
perspective,
production
encompassing not only hardware and software, but also
people and the way in which they learn and share
knowledge.

from a more

holistic

focus on:

Research will
innovative, reliable, smart and
cost-effective manufacturing processes, and systems, and
inte-
their incorporation into the factory of the future:
grating hybrid technologies based on new materials and
their processing, micro-systems and automation, high-
precision production equipment, as well as integration
of ICT, sensing and control technologies.

focus on:

Research will
innovative, reliable, smart and
cost-effective manufacturing processes, and systems, and
inte-
their incorporation into the factory of the future:
grating hybrid technologies based on new materials and
their processing, micro-systems and automation, high-
precision production equipment, as well as integration
of ICT, sensing and control technologies, and innovative
robotics.

— Systems research and hazard control. The objective is to
contribute to an improved sustainability of
industrial
systems and a substantial and measurable reduction in
environmental and health impact, through new industrial
approaches as well as enhancement of resource efficiency
and resource consumption.

— Systems research and hazard control. The objective is to
contribute to an improved sustainability of
industrial
systems and a substantial and measurable reduction in
environmental and health impact, through new industrial
approaches, as well as enhancement of resource efficiency
and reduction in consumption of primary resources.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

for

safe

clean,
enhancing

Research will focus on: development of new devices and
carbon-intensive
systems
production;
on
resource consumption and industrial waste
products,
management;
‘production-use-consumption’
interactions, as well as socio-economic implications.

and
company

responsibility

studying

less

Research will focus on: development of new devices and
systems for clean, and safe production; non-polluting,
sustainable waste management and hazard reduction in
including bio-processes;
production and manufacturing,
enhancing company responsibility on products, resource
consumption and industrial waste management; studying
‘production-use-consumption’
as
socio-economic implications.

interactions,

as well

— Optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products
and services. Products and production should become
increasingly life-cycle and service oriented, in addition to
the requirements of intelligence, cost-effectiveness, safety
and cleanliness. The key challenge is
therefore new
industrial concepts based on life-cycle approaches, which
must allow new products, organisational innovation and
the efficient management of information and its trans-
formation into useable knowledge within the value chain.

Unchanged

focus on:

innovative product-services
Research will
systems
‘design-production-service-
the
end-of-life’ value chain through use of hybrid technologies
and new organisational structures.

that optimise

The research activities carried out within this thematic priority
area will
include exploratory research at the leading edge of
knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more topics
within it. Two complementary approaches will be utilised: one
receptive and open — the other proactive.

1.1.4. Aeronautics and space

Unchanged

living of

Over the last decades, Europe's outstanding technological and
industrial capabilities in aeronautics and the exploitation of
space have made many and various contributions
to the
standard of
its citizens and the development and
growth of its economies, as well as to those outside Europe.
The economic benefits they bring can be seen in highly skilled
employment and the balance of trade surplus, and they can have
a strong leverage effect in upgrading the competitiveness of
other related economic sectors.

Although aeronautics and space are distinct domains, they share
common features, being extremely R & D intensive, with long
development lead-times and very large investment requirements.
Fierce competition, strategic significance, and increasingly severe
environmental constraints combine to make it necessary to
strive
technological
excellence by consolidating and concentrating RTD efforts in
Europe, with the ultimate aim of better serving society.

continually towards higher

levels of

Although aeronautics and space are distinct domains, they share
common features, being extremely R & D intensive, with long
development lead-times and very large investment requirements.
Fierce competition, strategic significance, and increasingly severe
environmental constraints combine to make it necessary to
strive
technological
excellence by consolidating and concentrating RTD efforts,
with the ultimate aim of better serving society.

continually towards higher

levels of

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Unchanged

Aeronautics
research will be planned against a Strategic
Research Agenda (SRA) agreed by all stakeholders at European
level in the context of the new Advisory Council for Aeronautics
Research in Europe, which will also be the planning base for
national programmes. The result will be a greater level of
complementarity and co-operation between the national and
Community efforts in the field. The European Strategy for
Space will serve as a reference in planning space research,
with the objective of gathering key players on projects of
common interest and close liaison will be ensured with RTD
activities carried out by other actors, such as space agencies,
Eurocontrol and industry. Furthermore,
the application of
relevant Treaty articles will be explored to support, as appro-
priate, these initiatives.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

(i) Aeronautics

In their report ‘Vision 2020’, leaders of the sector in Europe
have highlighted the need to optimise the Community and
national research efforts around a common vision and a
strategic research agenda. Consistent with this, research
will concentrate on the following 4 main strands. The
scope of the research action will be medium and large-sized
commercial aircraft including their systems and components,
as well as the on-board and ground-based elements of
air-traffic management systems.

In their report ‘Vision 2020’, leaders of the sector in Europe
have highlighted the need to optimise the Community and
national research efforts around a common vision and a
strategic research agenda. Consistent with this, research
will concentrate on the following four main strands. The
scope of the research action will be commercial transport
aircraft including their systems and components, as well as
the on-board and ground-based elements of air-traffic
management systems.

three

the manufacturing

— Strengthening competitiveness: The objective is to enable
industry:
the
sectors of
to increase their
airframe, engines and equipment,
competitiveness, by reducing,
in the short and long
term, respectively, aircraft development costs by 20 %
and 50 %, and aircraft direct operating cost by 20 %
and 50 %, and improving passenger comfort.

Research will focus on:
integrated design systems and
processes for the realisation of the extended multi-site
enterprise concept, as well as
for more intelligent
production technologies; new aircraft configurations,
structures,
advanced
and
electrical
engine
and
cabin-environmental
improved
hydraulic
conditions and utilisation of multimedia services to
improve passenger comfort.

aerodynamics, materials
technologies; mechanical,

systems;

and

emissions,

— Improving environmental impact with regard to engine
emissions
the
noise. Concerning
objectives are to meet Kyoto goals and to compensate
for the increase in future air traffic, by reducing CO2 by
50 % in the long term and NOx by 20 % and 80 %, in
the short and long term, respectively. Concerning noise
to limit the noise nuisance outside the airport boundary,
the target is to reduce noise levels by 4-5 dB in the
short term and 10 dB in the long term.

Unchanged

environmental
and

impact with regard
emissions,

to
— Improving
emissions
the
noise. Concerning
objectives are to meet Kyoto goals and to compensate
for the increase in future air traffic, by reducing fuel
consumption and emissions of CO2 by 50 % in the
long term and of NOx by 20 % and 80 %, in the short
and long term, respectively. Concerning noise, to limit
the noise nuisance outside the airport boundary, the
target is to reduce noise levels by 4-5 dB in the short
term and 10 dB in the long term.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

systems,

low-drag

aerodynamic

Work will
focus on low-emission combustion and
propulsion concepts, engine technologies and related
control
concepts,
low-weight airframe structures and high temperature
materials,
improved flight operational
procedures engine and power-plant technologies, aero-
acoustics for airframe noise reduction, advanced noise-
control systems as well as novel
flight operational
procedures in the vicinity of airports.

as well

as

and

focus

related

control

emissions,

technologies

research will

Concerning
on:
low-emission combustion and propulsion concepts,
engine
systems,
low-weight airframe
low-drag aerodynamic concepts,
structures and high temperature materials, as well as
improved flight operational procedures. Research on
noise will
tech-
nologies, aeroacoustics for airframe noise reduction,
advanced noise-control systems as well as novel flight
operational procedures in the vicinity of airports.

focus on: engine and power-plant

— Improving aircraft safety. The objective is to obtain a
two-fold reduction in accident rates in the short-term,
and a five-fold reduction the long term,
in order to
compensate for the growth in air transport movements.

— Improving aircraft safety. The objective is to obtain a
two-fold reduction in accident rates in the short-term
and a five-fold reduction in the long term, in order to
compensate for the growth in air transport movements.

Concerning preventive safety, research will
focus on:
investigation of systemic safety models, improve fault-
systems and human-centred cockpit design
tolerant
enabling a controllable situation awareness
the
focus on
crew. Research on accident mitigation will
improved materials and structures as well as advanced
safety systems.

for

Concerning preventive safety, research will
focus on:
investigation of systemic safety models, improved fault-
systems and human-centred cockpit design
tolerant
enabling a controllable situation awareness
the
focus on
crew. Research on accident mitigation will
improved materials and structures as well as advanced
safety systems.

for

— Increasing operational capacity and safety of

the air
transport system. The objective is to optimise airspace
and airport utilisation, and consequently reduce flight
delays,
through a seamlessly integrated European air
traffic management system, which would facilitate the
achievement of the ‘Single European-Sky’ initiative.

Unchanged

communication,

Research will focus on on-board and ground automation
aids,
surveillance
systems as well as flight operation procedures that will
enable the introduction of new concepts including the
free-flight concept in the future European ATM system.

navigation

and

(ii) Space

The aim is to contribute to the implementation of
the
European Strategy for Space, notably by targeting and
focusing efforts with ESA and Member States on a small
number of joint actions of common interest. Emphasis will
be put on activities complementing those of space agencies
(integration of
terrestrial and space systems/services and
demonstration of end-to-end services). This will include the
following areas of activity:

— Galileo:

the European Satellite Navigation system
GALILEO, developed by the Joint Undertaking in close
co-operation with the European Space Agency, will be
the services
fully operational by 2008. The use of

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provided by this infrastructure will span over wide
ranges of activities of European society. The availability
of precise navigation and timing services will have
profound impacts in many domains.

is important

to build the necessary expertise and
It
knowledge in Europe in order to exploit this emerging
technology in the most efficient way.

Research will focus on: development of multisectorial
concepts, systems and tools, which will rely on precise
navigation and timing service provision; spreading of
high level, coherent and seamless quality services in all
environments (cities, indoors and outdoors, land, sea, air,
etc.), in synergy with other service provision (telecom-
munication, surveillance, observation, etc.).

Research will focus on: development of multisectorial
concepts, systems and tools, user equipment including
receivers, which will rely on precise navigation and
spreading of high level,
timing service provision;
all
coherent
services
quality
seamless
and
environments (cities,
land, sea,
indoors and outdoors,
air, etc.), in synergy with other service provision (tele-
communication, surveillance, observation, etc.).

in

— GMES: the objective is to stimulate the development of
markets for satellite-based information services, by devel-
opment of
technologies to bridge the gap between
supply and demand

— GMES: the objective is to stimulate the evolution of
satellite-based information services, by development of
technologies to bridge the gap between supply and
demand, and to build up a European capability in the
field of monitoring for environment and security.

Unchanged

types of demand (for

Research will focus on: sensors, data, and information
models, developed in Europe or elsewhere, as well as
developing prototypes of operational services responding
example global
to specific
environment,
disaster
management). Research,
including on data acquisition,
assembly and qualification of models combining spatial
and terrestrial data
in an integrated operational
information system, would use existing satellite data,
for example provided by Envisat,
future EarthWatch
projects and other systems.

desertification,

land-use,

— Satellite telecommunications: Satellite communications
should be integrated with the wider area of telecommuni-
cations systems, notably terrestrial systems (1).

___________
(1) Considering the tight links between communications satellites and terrestrial
technologies, the related work is presented in the context of the relevant
actions of the ‘Information society technologies’ thematic priority area.

The research activities carried out within this thematic priority
include exploratory research at the leading edge of
area will
knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more topics
within it. Two complementary approaches will be utilised: one
receptive and open — the other proactive.

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1.1.5. Food and health risks

1.1.5. Food quality and safety

This priority area is aimed at assuring the health and well-being
the
of European citizens through a better understanding of
influence of food intake and environmental factors on human
health and to provide them with safer, and health-promoting
foods, including seafoods, relying on fully controlled and inte-
grated production systems originating in agriculture,
and
fisheries. By re-addressing the classical approach ‘from farm to
fork’, this thematic priority area aims at ensuring that consumer
protection is the main driver for developing new and safer food
and feed production chains, i.e. ‘from fork to farm’.

This priority area is aimed at assuring the health and well-being
the
of European citizens through a better understanding of
influence of food intake and environmental factors on human
health and to provide them with safer, high-quality and health-
promoting foods, including seafoods, relying on fully controlled
and integrated production systems originating in agriculture,
aquaculture
classical
approach ‘from farm to fork’, this thematic priority area aims
at ensuring that consumer protection is the main driver for
developing new and safer food and feed production chains, i.e.
‘from fork to farm’, relying in particular on biotechnology tools
taking into account the latest results of genomics research.

fisheries. By

re-addressing

and

the

This end-user driven approach is reflected in the seven specific
research objectives. Priority will be given to integrated research
approaches crossing several specific objectives

This end-user driven approach is reflected in the seven specific
research objectives. Priority will be given to integrated research
approaches crossing several specific objectives. Given that small
enterprises constitute a major part of the food sector, the success
of activities undertaken will rely on the adaptation of knowledge
and processes to the specific characteristics of these enterprises.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

Unchanged

— Epidemiology of food-related diseases genetic susceptibilities.
to examine the complex interactions
The objective is
between food intake and metabolism,
immune system,
genetic background and environmental factors to identify
key risk factors and develop common European databases.

— Epidemiology of

food-related diseases and allergies. The
objective is to examine the complex interactions between
food intake and metabolism, immune system, genetic back-
ground and environmental factors to identify key risk factors
and develop common European databases.

Research will focus on: epidemiological studies of the effect
of diet, food composition and lifestyle factors, on health, and
the prevention or development of specific diseases, allergies
and disorders; methodologies for measuring and analysing
risk assessment,
food composition and dietary intake,
epidemiological and intervention models;
influences of
genetic variability using advances in functional genomics.

Research will focus on: epidemiological studies of the effect
of diet, food composition and lifestyle factors, on the health
of consumers and specific population groups
such as
children, and the prevention or development of specific
diseases,
for
measuring and analysing food composition and dietary
risk assessment, epidemiological and intervention
intake,
models;
influences of genetic variability using advances in
functional genomics.

disorders; methodologies

allergies

and

— Impact of

food and in particular products containing
genetically modified organisms: The objective is to provide
the scientific basis for improving health through diet, and
the development of new health-promoting foods, on health
by means of an improved understanding of food metabolism
and by harnessing the opportunities now available from
proteomics and biotechnology.

— Impact of food on health: The objective is to provide the
scientific basis for improving health through diet, and the
development of new health-promoting foods, considering for
instance new products, products resulting from organic
farming,
foods, products containing genetically
modified organisms, and those arising from recent biotech-
nology developments, by means of an improved under-
standing of food metabolism and by harnessing the oppor-
tunities now available from proteomics and biotechnology.

functional

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Research will focus on: overall relationship between diet and
health health promoting and disease prevention properties of
foods; effects of
food components, pathogens, chemical
contaminants and new agents of prion type on body
function; nutrient requirements and health promoting inter-
vention strategies; determinants of
attitudes
towards food products and production; methodologies for
risk/benefit
and of bioactive
compounds; specificities of different age groups, particularly
older consumers

assessment of nutrients

consumer

Research will focus on: overall relationship between diet and
health; health promoting and disease prevention properties
of foods; effects of food components, pathogens, chemical
contaminants and new agents of prion type on health;
nutrient requirements and health promoting intervention
strategies; determinants of consumer attitudes towards food
products and production; methodologies for
risk/benefit
assessment of nutrients and of bioactive compounds; speci-
ficities of different population groups, particularly the elderly
and children.

— ‘Traceability’ processes in particular relating to genetically
including systems based on recent
modified organisms
biotechnology developments. The objective is to strengthen
the scientific and technological basis for ensuring complete
traceability of genetically modified organisms,
including
based on recent biotechnology developments from raw
material origin to purchased food products, and thereby
increase consumer confidence in the food supply.

— ‘Traceability’ processes all along the production chain. The
objective is to strengthen the scientific and technological
basis for ensuring complete traceability for
instance of
including those based on
genetically modified organisms,
recent biotechnology developments
from raw material
origin to purchased food products, and thereby increase
consumer confidence in the food supply.

technologies

Research will focus on: development, validation and harmon-
to ensure
isation of
complete traceability throughout the food chain; scale-up,
implementation and validation of methods in whole food
chains; assurance of authenticity; validity of labelling and
new HACCP criteria.

and methodologies

technologies

Research will focus on: development, validation and harmon-
to ensure
isation of
complete traceability throughout the food chain; scale-up,
implementation and validation of methods in whole food
chains; assurance of authenticity; validity of
labelling;
application of HACCP to the whole food chain.

and methodologies

— Methods of analysis and detection: The objective is to
contribute to the development,
improvement, validation
and harmonisation of reliable and cost-effective sampling
and measurement strategies for controlling the safety of
the food and feed supply and ensuring accurate data for
risk analysis.

— Methods of analysis, detection and control: The objective is
to contribute to the development, improvement, validation
and harmonisation of reliable and cost-effective sampling
and measurement strategies for chemical contaminants and
existing or emerging pathogenic micro-organisms (such as
viruses, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, parasites, and new agents of
the prion type including development of ante mortem diag-
nostic tests for BSE and scrapie) so as to control the safety of
the food and feed supply and ensure accurate data for risk
analysis.

detecting

food-borne

Research will focus on: methods and standards for analysing
chemical
and
pathogens
including pre-normative aspects; modelling
contaminants,
existing prevention and
and approaches
measurement
and
strategies;
geographical mapping of prions; material transfer of prions
and environmental influences.

to improve

detection

control

tests

and

detecting

food-borne

Research will focus on: methods and standards for analysing
chemical
and
pathogens
contaminants,
including pre-normative aspects; modelling
and approaches to improve existing prevention and control
strategies; detection tests and geographical mapping of
prions; transfer and longevity of prions.

and

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— Safer and production methods and healthier

foodstuffs
including those based on and on organic farming processes:
The objective is to develop lower input farming systems and
improved transformation processes aimed at producing safer
and health-promoting and feed, and improving the quality of
food and feed through innovative technologies.

as

such

— Safer and environmentally friendly production methods and
healthier foodstuffs: The objective is to develop lower input
farming systems (agriculture and aquaculture) based on
lower-input
systems
methods including organic agriculture and the use of plant
and animal sciences and biotechnologies and improved
transformation processes aimed at producing safer healthier
nutritious, functional and varied foodstuffs, and animal feed,
and improving the quality of food and feed through inno-
vative technologies.

production,

integrated

Unchanged

Research will focus on: development of improved integrated
production systems,
lower-input farming, organic farming
and GMO-based production as well as processing and
distribution methods and innovative technologies for safer,
nutritious and higher quality food and feed; individual and
comparative assessment of safety, quality, environmental
impact and competitiveness aspects of different production
methods and foodstuffs; improvement of animal husbandry,
waste-management and animal welfare from housing to
slaughter; application of plant and animal sciences and
biotechnologies, including the application of genomics, for
the development of higher quality food raw materials and
nutritious foods.

— Impact of animal feed, on human health: The objective is to
improve understanding of the role of animal feed, and the
use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, in food
safety, to reduce the use of undesirable raw materials and to
develop alternative new animal feed sources.

— Impact of animal feed, on human health: The objective is to
improve understanding of the role of animal feed, including
products containing genetically modified organisms and the
use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, in food
safety, to reduce the use of undesirable raw materials and to
develop alternative new animal feed sources.

on:

epidemiological

of
studies
focus
Research will
influence of raw
animal-feed induced food-borne diseases;
materials,
including waste and by-products of different
origins, processing methods, additives and veterinary drugs
used in animal feed on animal and human health; improved
waste management, to ensure exclusion of specified high-risk
and condemned materials from the feed chain; novel protein,
fat and energy sources other than meat and bone meal for
optimal animal growth, reproductive potential and food
product quality.

— Environmental health risks The objectives are to identify the
environmental
to health,
that
understand the mechanisms involved and determine how
to prevent or minimise these effects and risks.

are detrimental

factors

Unchanged

(a) Risks linked to the food-chain (chemical, biological and

physical)

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(b) Combined exposures of authorised substances, including
impact of local environmental disasters and pollution on
the safety of foodstuffs, with emphasis being placed on
cumulative risks, transmission routes to human beings,
long-term effects and exposure to small doses, as well
as
the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and
especially children

focus on:

Research will
identification of causal agents
including contaminants, and physiological mechanisms, of
environmental-linked health impacts; understanding of
exposure pathways, estimation of cumulative, low dose and
combined exposures;
long-term effects; definition and
protection of susceptible sub-groups; environmental causes
and mechanisms responsible for the increase in allergies;
impact of endocrine disrupters; chronic chemical pollution
and combined environmental exposures,
transmission of
illnesses linked to water (parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc.).

focus on:

Research will
identification of causal agents
including contaminants, and physiological mechanisms, of
environmental,
and food-linked environmental hazards;
understanding of exposure pathways, estimation of cumu-
lative, low dose and combined exposures; long-term effects;
definition and protection of susceptible sub-groups; environ-
mental causes and mechanisms responsible for the increase
in allergies; impact of endocrine disrupters; chronic chemical
pollution and combined environmental exposures,
trans-
mission of
(parasites, viruses,
bacteria, etc.).

linked to water

illnesses

The research activities carried out within this thematic priority
area will
include exploratory research at the leading edge of
knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more topics
within it. Two complementary approaches will be utilised: one
receptive and open — the other proactive.

1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change

1.1.6. Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems

The Treaty confirms Sustainable Development as a central
objective of the European Community; Climate change, energy
security, sustainable transport, protection of nature, and their
interaction with human activities motivate this research action.
The activities carried out within this priority area aim to
strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for
Europe to be able to implement a sustainable development
model and make a significant contribution to the international
efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the
equilibrium of ecosystems.

energy

security,

transport,

sustainable

The Treaty confirms Sustainable Development as a central
objective of the European Community; this was emphasised by
the recent European Council in Göteborg. In this context, global
sustainable
change,
management of Europe's natural resources, and their interaction
with human activities motivate this research priority theme. The
activities carried out within this priority aim at strengthening the
scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be
able to implement a sustainable development model in the short
and in the long term,
integrating its social, economic and
environmental dimensions, and make a significant contribution
to the international efforts to mitigate or even to reverse current
adverse trends, to understand and control global change and
preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems.

D e v e l o p m e n t

1.1.6.1. S u s t a i n a b l e e n e r g y s y s t e m s

Strategic objectives address the reduction of greenhouse gases
and pollutant emissions,
the
balanced use of the various transport modes, as well as to
achieve an enhanced competitiveness of European industry.
Achieving these objectives
term requires a
to encourage the deployment of
large-scale research effort

the security of energy supply,

in the short

Strategic objectives address the reduction of greenhouse gases
and pollutant emissions, the security of energy supply, the
increased use of renewable energy as well as to achieve an
enhanced competitiveness of European industry. Achieving
these objectives
term requires a large-scale
research effort to encourage the deployment of technologies

in the short

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in energy consumption behaviour
patterns. The

technologies already under development and to help promote
and transport
changes
demand
of
longer
sustainable development requires an equally strong RTD effort
to assure the economically attractive availability and overcome
the potential barriers to adoption of renewable energy sources
hydrogen and fuel cells that are intrinsically clean.

term implementation

energy

efficiency

and integrating

already under development and to help promote changes in
energy demand patterns and consumption behaviour by
improving
renewable
energy into the energy system. The longer term implemen-
tation of sustainable development requires also an important
RTD effort to assure the economically attractive availability, of
energy, and overcome the potential barriers to adoption of
renewable energy sources and new carriers and technologies
such as hydrogen and fuel cells that are intrinsically clean.

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

Unchanged

(i) Research activities having an impact in the short and medium term

of

development,

Community RTD activity is one of the main instruments
which can serve to change significantly current unsustainable
by
patterns
growing
dependence on imported fossil
fuels, continually rising
the transport
energy demand,
increasing congestion of
system, and growing CO2 emissions, by offering new tech-
nological
influence
consumer/user behaviour in the short and medium term.

solution which

characterised

positively

could

Community RTD activity is one of the main instruments
which can serve to support the implementation of new legis-
lative instruments in the field of energy and to change
significantly current unsustainable patterns of development,
which are characterised by growing dependence on imported
fossil
increasing
congestion of
the transport systems, and growing CO2
emissions, by offering new technological solution which
could
behaviour,
especially in the urban environment.

fuels, continually rising energy demand,

consumer/user

positively

influence

Proposed technological solutions are expected to emerge
from, and to be demonstrated in, consumer/user pilot-
environments, addressing technical but also organisational,
institutional, financial and social issues.

The goal is to bring innovative and cost competitive tech-
nological solutions to the market as quickly as possible
through demonstration and other research actions aiming
at
in pilot
environments, and which address not only technical but
also organisational, institutional, financial and social issues.

the market, which involve consumers/users

— Clean energy, in particular renewable energy sources and
their integration in the energy system, including storage,
distribution and use.

The aim is to bring to the market improved renewable
energy technologies and to integrate renewable energy
into networks and supply chains,
for example by
supporting stakeholders who are committed to estab-
lishing ‘Sustainable Communities’ employing a high
percentage of renewable energy supplies. Such actions
improved technical and/or
will adopt
socio-economic approaches to ‘green electricity’, heat,
or biofuels and their integration into energy distribution
networks or supply chains, including combinations with
conventional large-scale energy distribution.

innovative or

focus on:

Research will
performance and reliability of
renewable
energy

increased cost effectiveness,
the main new and
renewable
combination of decentralised

energy sources;

integration of

and effective

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sources, with cleaner conventional large-scale generation;
storage,
validation
use.
distribution

new concepts

energy

and

for

of

— Energy savings and energy efficiency, including those to
be achieved through the use of renewable raw materials.

in

focus

activities will

The overall objective is to reduce the demand for energy
by 18 % by the year 2010 in order to contribute to
to combat climate
meeting the EU's commitments
change and to improve the security of energy supply.
Research
on
Eco-Buildings to generate energy savings and improve
environmental quality as well as quality of
life for
‘Polygeneration’ activities will contribute to
occupants.
the Community target of doubling the share of cogen-
eration (CHP) in EU electricity generation from 9 % to
18 % by 2010, and improve the efficiency of combined
production of electricity, heating and cooling services, by
using new technologies such as fuel cells and integrate
renewable energy sources.

particular

Research will focus on: improving savings and efficiency
mainly in the urban context, in particular in buildings,
through the optimisation and validation of new concepts
including combined heat and power
and technologies,
and
systems; opportunities
offered by on-site production and use of renewable
energy to improve energy efficiency in buildings.

district heating/cooling

— Alternative motor fuels.

The Commission has set an ambitious target of 20 %
substitution of diesel and gasoline fuels by alternative
fuels in the road transport sector by the year 2020.
The aim is to improve the security of energy supply
through reduced dependence on imported liquid hydro-
carbons and to address the problem of greenhouse gas
emissions from transport. In line with the Communi-
cation on alternative fuels
road transportation,
short term RTD will concentrate on three types of alter-
that potentially could reach a
native motor
significant market
share: biofuels, natural gas and
hydrogen.

fuels

for

focus on:

cost-effective

Research will
the integration of alternative
motor fuels into the transport system, particularly into
clean urban transport;
and safe
the
production, storage, and distribution (including fuelling
infrastructure) of alternative motor fuels;
the optimal
utilisation of alternative fuels
in new concepts of
energy efficient vehicles; strategies and tools to manage
the market transformation process for alternative motor
fuels.

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Deleted

— Renewable energy sources, more efficient and clean use
of energy, especially in urban areas, new concepts of
energy efficient and cleaner transport: the objective is
reduce
to develop energy efficient
demand for fossil fuels by stimulating energy efficient
behaviour
in disparate user communities and bring
about energy savings of 12 % by 2010, as well as to
tilt the energy balance towards more sustainable energy
systems, which combine heat and power as well as new
and renewable sources and thereby increase the share of
renewable energy systems from 6 % to 12 % by 2010.

technologies that

focus on:

Research will
increased cost efficiency and
reliability of the main new and renewable sources, and
their combination with conventional
large-scale and
distributed generation; efficiency in building, district
heating systems and CHP; demand side action for
reducing gas and electricity consumption; new forms of
clean urban transport; rationalisation of the use of the
private vehicle; integration of new concepts for energy
efficient vehicles and new/alternative fuels.

(ii) Research activities having an impact in the medium and longer

Unchanged

term

In the longer term the objective is to develop renewable
energy sources, hydrogen technologies and fuel cells which
are intrinsically clean and which can be well integrated in a
sustainable energy supply mix both for stationary and for
transport
further
reduction in greenhouse gas emissions beyond the Kyoto
deadline of 2010. The future large-scale development of
these technologies will depend on significant improvement
in their cost and other aspects of competitiveness against
conventional energy sources.

applications. This

about

bring

to

In the medium and longer term the objective is to develop
new and renewable energy sources, and new carriers such as
hydrogen which are both affordable and clean and which can
be well integrated in a long term sustainable energy supply
and demand context both for stationary and for transport
applications. Furthermore the continuing use of fossil fuels in
the foreseeable future requires cost-effective solutions to the
disposal of CO2. The goal is to bring about further reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions beyond the Kyoto deadline of
2010. The future large-scale development of
these tech-
nologies will depend on significant improvement in their
cost and other aspects of competitiveness against conven-
tional energy sources, within the overall socio-economic
and institutional context in which they are deployed.

— Fuel cells: these represent an emerging technology which
is expected, in the longer term, to replace a large part of
the current combustion systems in industry, buildings
and road transport, as they have a higher efficiency,
lower pollution levels and a potential for lower cost.
The long term cost
is 50 euro/kW for road
transport and 300 euro/kW for high-durability stationary
applications and fuel cell/electrolysers.

target

— Fuel cells, including their applications: these represent an
emerging technology which is expected,
in the longer
term, to replace a large part of the current combustion
systems in industry, buildings and road transport, as they
have a higher efficiency,
lower pollution levels and a
potential for lower cost. The long term cost target is
50 euro/kW for road transport and 300 euro/kW for
high-durability stationary applications and fuel cell/elec-
trolysers.

focus on: cost

Research will
reduction in fuel cell
production and in applications for buildings, transport
and
advanced
materials related to low and high temperature fuel cells
for the above applications.

electricity production;

de-centralised

Unchanged

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— The objective to establish hydrogen as an energy carrier
is key in a future sustainable energy economy. The long
term aim is to achieve an energy cost which is equivalent
to that of conventional fuels without tax.

focus on: cost-effective production of
Research will
hydrogen from fossil fuels (including CO2 capture and
underground storage); hydrogen production e.g. by elec-
trolysis from renewable and nuclear energy; hydrogen
infrastructure including transport, distribution, storage
and utilisation;

— New technologies

for

energy carriers/transport

and
storage,
in particular hydrogen: The aim is to develop
new concepts for long term sustainable energy supply
where hydrogen and clean electricity are seen as major
energy carriers. For H2, the means must be developed to
ensure its safe use at an equivalent cost
to that of
conventional
fuels. For electricity, decentralised new
and in particular renewable energy resources, must be
optimally integrated, within inter-connected European,
regional and local distribution networks
to provide
secure and reliable high quality supply.

Research will focus on: Clean cost-effective production of
hydrogen; hydrogen infrastructure including transport,
distribution, storage and utilisation; For electricity the
focus will be on new concepts, for analysis, planning,
control
supply and
distribution and on enabling technologies, for storage,
interactive transmission and distribution networks.

and supervision of

electricity

— Solar photovoltaic technologies and biomass: photo-
voltaics have, in the long term, the potential to make a
large contribution to the world and EU energy supply.
The objective is to overcome the major bottleneck of
high investment costs, which, should be reduced by a
factor of 4. The overall objective for biomass is to
make bioenergy competitive with conventional fuels.

— New and advanced concepts in renewable energy tech-
nologies: Renewable energy technologies have,
in the
long term, the potential to make a large contribution
to the world and EU energy supply. The focus will be
on technologies with a significant future energy potential
and requiring long-term research, by means of actions
with high European added value
to
overcome the major bottleneck of high investment
costs, and to make these technologies competitive with
conventional fuels.

in particular

focus on (photovoltaics):

Research will
the whole
production chain from basic material to the PV system,
as well as integration of PV in habitat and large scale
MW-size PV systems
electricity.
biomass barriers in the biomass supply-use chain in
the following areas: combustion technologies, gasifi-
cation technologies
and H2/syngas
electricity
production and biofuels for transport.

for production of

for

focus on:

for photovoltaics:

Research will
the whole
production chain from basic material to the PV system,
as well as on the integration of PV in habitat and large
scale MW-size PV systems for production of electricity.
For biomass barriers in the biomass supply-use chain will
be
areas: production,
combustion technologies, gasification technologies for
electricity and H2/syngas production and biofuels for
transport. For other areas the effort will be focused on
integrating at European level specific aspects of RTD
activities which require long term research.

addressed in the

following

fossil

— Capture and sequestration of CO2, associated with
fuel plants: Cost effective capture and
cleaner
sequestration of CO2 is essential to include the use of
fossil
fuels in a sustainable energy supply scenario,
reducing costs to the order of EUR 30 in the medium
term and EUR 20 or less in the longer term per tonne of
CO2 for capture rates above 90 %.

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low cost CO2

Research will focus on: developing holistic approaches to
near zero emission fossil fuel based energy conversion
systems,
separation systems, both
pre-combustion and post-combustion as well as oxyfuel
and novel concepts: development of safe, cost efficient
and environmentally compatible CO2 disposal options, in
particular geological storage, and exploratory actions for
assessing the potential of chemical storage.

1.1.6.2. S u s t a i n a b l e s u r f a c e t r a n s p o r t

transport

The Common Transport Policy forecasts a transport demand
growth by 2010 in the European Union of 38 % for freight
and 24 % for passenger
(base-year 1998). The
already congested transport networks will have to absorb
the additional
the
proportion absorbed by the less sustainable modes is likely
to grow. The objective is consequently both to fight against
congestion and to decelerate or even reverse is unsustainable
trend by rebalancing transport modes. Short and medium term
actions will develop and integrate new concepts and tech-
nologies into the transport system.

traffic, and the

trend suggests

that

The White Paper: ‘European transport policy for 2010: time to
decide’ forecasts a transport demand growth by 2010 in the
European Union of 38 % for freight and 24 % for passenger
transport (base-year 1998). The already congested transport
networks will have to absorb the additional traffic, and the
the proportion absorbed by the less
trend suggests that
is
likely to grow. The objective
is
sustainable modes
consequently both to fight
congestion and to
decelerate or even reverse these trends regarding the modal
split by better
integrating and rebalancing the different
transport modes, improving their safety, performance and effi-
ciency, minimising their impact on the environment and
genuinely
a
ensuring
sustainable
European transport
supporting European
system, while
industry's competitiveness in the production and operation
of transport means and systems.

development of

against

the

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s :

(i) Developing environmentally

friendly

transport

systems and

means of transport.

The objective is to reduce the contribution of surface
transport (rail, road, waterborne) to CO2 production and
other emissions including noise, while increasing safety,
comfort, quality, cost-effectiveness and energy-efficiency
of vehicles and vessels. Emphasis will be given to clean
urban transport and rational use of the car in the city.

— New technologies

all
transport modes (road, rail and waterborne).

and concepts

for

surface

Research will
focus on: high efficiency propulsion
systems and their components, based on alternative
and renewable fuels, taking into account the fuelling
infrastructure; development of zero or near zero
in
emission propulsion systems and components,
particular
cells, hydrogen
integrating
combustion and their fuelling infrastructure into the
transport system; integrated concepts for clean urban
transport and rational use of
in urban
locations.

the car

those

fuel

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— Advanced design and production techniques.

‘transport-specific’ advanced
Research will focus on:
in particular for
design and production techniques,
one-of-a-kind production environments,
leading to
improved quality, safety, recycling, comfort and cost-
effectiveness of environmentally friendly vehicles (cars
and trains) and vessels.

(ii) Making surface
competitive.

transport

safer, more

effective and more

taking into account

The objectives are to assure transport of passengers and
freight,
transport demand and the
need for rebalancing transport modes, while increasing
transport safety in line with the 2010 objectives for
European transport policy (e.g.
the
for road transport
objective would be to halve the number of fatalities).

— Rebalancing and integrating different transport modes.

the
in

focus on:

interoperable

to enable
networks,

inter-connectivity of
enabling

transport
Research will
the
systems,
transport
a
competitive European railway system and the inte-
gration of a European vessel
traffic information
technologies
transport
system;
(e.g. harmonisation of unit loads) and systems, and
advanced logistics;

intermodal

particular

services,

— Increasing road,

rail

and waterborne

safety and

avoiding traffic congestion.

Research will focus on: strategies and technologies to
increase road safety and to improve maritime safety;
concepts and systems for advanced human-vehicle,
vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure interaction;
large-scale integration and validation platforms for
transport pricing,
intelligent
and transport
transport
information),
navigation
including
applications, new vehicle
and operational
types
to increase capacity and safety, while
procedures
respecting the environment
(in particular in urban
and sensitive areas).

transport systems (e.g.
and traffic management

satellite

Deleted

transport,
sectors;

Research will focus on: safer and more environmentally
road and
in particular
friendly
transport
integration of
maritime
infrastructure;
systems for the efficient management of
enabling railway interoperability; development of
inter-
modality
in particular
through better management of the logistic chain and stan-
dardisation of loading units.

for
intelligent

for passengers

freight,

and

the

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G l o b a l c h a n g e

1.1.6.3. G l o b a l c h a n g e a n d e c o s y s t e m s

time-scales

in particular in relation to all

Global change encompasses the complex dynamic changes
over different
in the physical, chemical and
biological components of the Earth system (i.e. atmosphere,
oceans and land)
in particular those influenced by human
activities. The objective of this priority area is to strengthen
the capacity to understand, detect and predict global change
and develop strategies for prevention, mitigation and adap-
types of greenhouse
tation,
gases, in close liaison with the relevant international research
programmes and in the context of relevant conventions such
as the Kyoto Protocol. Such an objective will be best achieved
through activities aiming at the development of common and
sustainable
integrated approaches necessary to implement
development,
environmental,
economic and social aspects, as well as the impact of global
change on all countries and regions of the world. It will foster
the convergence of European and national research efforts for
a consensual definition of the scientific thresholds of sustain-
ability and estimation methods, and encourage international
co-operation in order
to
respond to global change issues.

to achieve common strategies

account

taking

into

its

(i)

time-scales

context of

this priority area are:

Global change encompasses the complex dynamic changes
over different
in the physical, chemical and
biological components of the Earth system (i.e. atmosphere,
in particular those influenced by human
oceans and land)
activities. The objectives of
to
strengthen the capacity to understand, detect and predict
global change and develop strategies for prevention, mitigation
and adaptation, in close liaison with the relevant international
research programmes
relevant
and in the
conventions such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal
Protocol;
(ii) to preserve the ecosystems and protect biodi-
versity which would also contribute to the sustainable use of
land and marine resources. In the context of global change,
strategies
sustainable management of agri-
cultural and forest ecosystems are of particular importance
for the preservation of these ecosystems and will contribute
substantially to the sustainable development of Europe. These
objectives will be best achieved through activities aiming at the
development of common and integrated approaches necessary
to implement sustainable development, taking into account its
environmental, economic and social aspects, as well as the
impact of global change on all countries and regions of the
world. It will foster the convergence of European and national
research efforts for common definitions of
thresholds of
sustainability and estimation methods, and encourage inter-
national co-operation in order to achieve common strategies
to respond to global change issues.

integrated,

for

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

Unchanged

— Impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions The
objective is to detect and describe global change processes,
to improve prediction of their global and regional impacts,
evaluate mitigation options and improve the access of
European researchers
for
to facilities
global change research.

and platforms

Research will focus on: understanding and quantification
of changes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles and the role
of sources of all greenhouse gases and sinks in the
terrestrial and ocean biosphere;
influence of and effects
on climate dynamics and variability, ocean and atmos-
pheric chemistry, and their interactions; understanding
and prediction of global climatic change; associated
phenomena (e.g. El Niño, stratospheric ozone depletion,
changes in sea level and ocean circulation); and impacts

— Impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions and
atmospheric pollutants on climate, ozone depletion and
carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil). The objective is
to detect and describe global change processes, associated
with greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric pollutants
including those resulting from energy
from all sources,
supplies, transport and agriculture, to improve prediction
and assessment of
impacts,
evaluate mitigation options and improve the access of
European researchers
for
to facilities
global change research.

their global and regional

and platforms

Research will focus on: understanding and quantification
of changes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles; the role of
all sources of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants
and their sinks in the biosphere; their effects on climate
atmospheric
dynamics
future stratospheric
chemistry, and their
radiation; prediction of
ozone
global
associated
phenomena (e.g. El Niño, changes in sea level and ocean
circulation); and mitigation and adaptation strategies.

levels and ultraviolet
climatic

ocean
interactions;

variability,

impacts;

change

and

and

and

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— Water cycle: the objective is to assess the impact of global
change and in particular climate change on the water cycle,
water quality and availability,
to provide the bases for
management to mitigate the impacts.

— Water cycle, including soil-related aspects: the objective is
to understand the mechanisms and assess the impact of
global change and in particular climate change on the
water cycle, water quality and availability, as well as soil
functions and quality to provide the bases for management
tools for water systems to mitigate the impacts.

Research will focus on:
impact and feedback of climate
change on hydrological variables, groundwater/surface
water distribution, freshwater and wetland ecosystems and
water quality; the driving role of oceans in the global water
cycle; management strategies and their impacts; scenarios
of water demand and availability.

interactions,

Research will focus on: impact of climate change on the
components of
the hydrological cycle — land/ocean/
water
atmosphere
distribution, freshwater and wetland ecosystems, soil func-
tioning and water quality; assessment of vulnerability of
water/soil systems to global change; management strategies
and their impacts; scenarios of water demand and avail-
ability.

groundwater/surface

— Biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, functioning of
terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between
human activities and the latter:
the objectives are to
develop a better understanding of marine and terrestrial
biodiversity and of ecosystem functioning, understand and
minimise the impacts of human activities on them and
ensure sustainability of natural resources.

— Biodiversity and ecosystems: the objectives are to develop a
better understanding of marine and terrestrial biodiversity
and of ecosystem functioning, understand and minimise the
impacts of human activities on them and ensure sustainable
management of natural resources and terrestrial and marine
ecosystems and the protection of genetic resources.

and

structure,
their

Research will focus on: assessing and forecasting changes in
biodiversity,
of
on
ecosystems
relationships between society, economy, biodiversity and
habitats;
integrated assessment of drivers affecting biodi-
versity, and mitigation of biodiversity loss; risk assessment,
management, conservation and rehabilitation options

function
and
services; with

dynamics
emphasis

and

function

structure,

dynamics

Research will focus on: assessing and forecasting changes in
biodiversity,
of
ecosystems and their services; with emphasis on marine
relationships between society,
ecosystems'
functioning;
integrated assessment
economy, biodiversity and habitats;
functioning and biodi-
of drivers affecting ecosystems'
versity,
assessment,
management, conservation and rehabilitation options in
relation to terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

and mitigation

options;

risk

— Mechanisms

of

change:

desertification and natural

disasters
connected with climate
to
is
elucidate the links between climatic change and the mech-
anisms of desertification and natural disasters, so as to
improve risk and impact assessment and forecasting,
decision
for
and
sustainable land and coastal management.

support methodologies,

the objective

strategies

— Mechanisms of desertification and natural disasters:

the
objective is to understand the mechanisms of desertification
and natural disasters,
including their links with climatic
change so as to improve risk and impact assessment and
forecasting, and decision support methodologies.

Research will focus on: large scale integrated assessment of
land/soil degradation and desertification in Europe and
related prevention and mitigation strategies; long term fore-
casting of hydro-geological hazards associated with global
climate change; natural hazard monitoring, mapping and
management strategies; improved disaster preparedness and
mitigation.

Research will focus on: large scale integrated assessment of
land/soil degradation and desertification in Europe and
related prevention and mitigation strategies; long term fore-
casting of hydro-geological hazards; natural hazard moni-
toring, mapping and management strategies;
improved
disaster preparedness and mitigation.

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— Strategies

sustainable land management,

including
for
coastal zones, agricultural
land and forests. The objective
is to contribute to the development of strategies and tools
for sustainable use of land, with emphasis on the coastal
zones, agricultural
including integrated
lands and forests,
concepts for the multipurpose utilisation of agricultural
resources, and the integrated forestry/wood
and forest
chain in order
to ensure sustainable development at
economic, social, and at environmental levels.

integrated management of coastal zones

Research will focus on: development of the necessary tools
for
(ICZM);
evaluation of positive and negative externalities under
different production systems for agriculture and forestry;
forest
development
for
of
management considering regional
strategies/
concepts for sustainable management and multipurpose
utilisation of
forest and agriculture resources; cost-effi-
and
ciency of new environmental-friendly processes
recycling technologies within the integrated forestry/wood
chain.

sustainable

specificity;

strategies

— Global climate changing systems: the objective is to make
systematic observations of climate parameters so as to
strengthen climate change research, consolidate long-term
observations for the modelling improve forecasting of the
marine, terrestrial and atmospheric environment, establish
common European data bases and contribute to inter-
national programmes.

— Operational

forecasting and modelling,

including global
the objective is to
climate change observation systems:
make systematic observations of atmospheric,
terrestrial
and oceanic parameters including those of climate so as
to improve forecasting of the marine, terrestrial and atmos-
pheric environment, consolidate long-term observations for
the modelling and in particular prediction,
establish
common European data bases and contribute to inter-
national programmes.

and atmospheric parameters necessary

focus on: observations of basic marine,
Research will
terrestrial
for
global climate change research and management strategies,
large observing/monitoring/
and of
surveying/modelling networks (taking into account
the
developments of GMES and providing the European
dimension to G3OS).

extreme

events;

and atmospheric parameters necessary

focus on: observations of basic marine,
Research will
terrestrial
for
global change research and management strategies, and of
extreme events; large observing/monitoring/surveying/oper-
ational forecasting/modelling networks (taking into account
the developments of GMES and providing the European
dimension to G3OS).

— Complementary research will

focus on: development of
advanced methods for risk assessment and methods for
appraising
relevant
prenormative research on measurements and testing for
these purposes.

environmental

including

quality,

The research activities carried out within this thematic priority
area will include exploratory research at the leading edge of
knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more topics
within it. Two complementary approaches will be utilised: one
receptive and open — the other proactive.

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1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based

1.1.7. Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society

society

The Lisbon European Council recognised that
the transition
towards a European knowledge-based society will affect every
aspect of people's lives. The overall objective is to provide a
sound knowledge base for the management of this transition,
which will be conditioned by national,
regional and local
policies, programmes and actions, as well as informed decision-
making by individual citizens, families and other societal units.

Unchanged

involved,

these
Given the complexity, breadth and interdependence of
challenges and the issues
the research approach
adopted must be based on greatly enhanced research integration,
multi and transdisciplinary cooperation, and on the mobilisation
of the social sciences and humanities research communities in
Europe in addressing them. Activities will also facilitate the
identification of medium to long term societal challenges
arising from research in social sciences and humanities and
will ensure the active participation of key societal stakeholders
and the targeted dissemination of the work carried out. In order
to support the development of comparative transnational and
interdisciplinary research, while at
the same time preserving
the diversity of research methodologies throughout Europe, the
collection and analysis of better and more genuinely comparable
data and the coordinated development of statistics and quali-
tative and quantitative indicators in particular in the context of
the emerging knowledge society at
is
essential.

the European level

coordination of

research and
Appropriate
foresight elements across all the Priorities of this programme
will be assured.

socio-economic

coordination of
Appropriate
foresight elements across all
Programmes will be assured.

socio-economic
the Priorities of

research and
the Specific

R e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

Unchanged

(i) Knowledge-based European society

(i) Knowledge-based society and social cohesion

The building of a European knowledge society is a clear
political objective
the European Community. The
research aims to provide the basis of understanding needed
to ensure this takes place in a manner which accords with
specific European conditions and aspirations.

for

Unchanged

— Improving the generation, distribution and use of
knowledge and its impact on economic and social devel-
opment. The objective is to improve significantly under-
standing of the characteristics of knowledge and its func-
tioning as a public and private good, and to provide the
bases for policy formulation and decision-making.

Research will focus on: characteristics of knowledge and
its functioning in relation to the economy society and
innovation; and the transformation of economic and
knowledge
social
production, distribution and use,
role of knowledge
codification and impact of ICTs; the importance of terri-
torial structures and social networks in these processes.

institutions;

dynamics

the

of

Research will focus on: characteristics of knowledge and
its functioning in relation to the economy and society, as
well as for innovation and for entrepreneurial activities;
insti-
and the transformation of economic and social
tutions;
production,
the
role of knowledge codification
distribution and use,
and impact of
territorial
ICTs;
structures and social networks in these processes.

the importance of

knowledge

dynamics

of

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— Options

and choices

the development of

a
for
knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set
at the Lisbon summit The objective is to develop an
integrated understanding of how a knowledge-based
society can promote the societal objectives of sustainable
development,
and
improved quality of life, with due consideration to the
variety of social models in Europe.

territorial

cohesion

social

and

— Options

and choices

the development of

a
for
knowledge-based society: The objective is to develop an
integrated understanding of how a knowledge-based
society can promote the societal objectives of the EU
set at
the Lisbon summit and subsequent European
Councils of sustainable development, social and terri-
torial cohesion and improved quality of life, with due
consideration to the variety of social models in Europe.

Research will focus on: features of a knowledge-based
society in line with European social models and the
need to improve the quality of life; social and territorial
cohesion, gender and intergenerational
relations and
implications of changes to work and
social networks;
employment,
to
the
education and training, and life-long learning.

labour market;

access

and

Research will focus on: features of a knowledge based
society in line with European social models and the need
life; social and territorial
to improve the quality of
cohesion, gender and intergenerational
relations and
implications of changes to work and
social networks;
employment; access
to education and training, and
life-long learning.

— The variety of paths towards a knowledge society. The
objective is to provide comparative perspectives across
Europe and thus provide an improved basis for the
formulation and implementation of transition strategies
towards a knowledge society at the national and regional
levels.

Unchanged

Research will
focus on: globalisation in relation to
pressures for convergence; the implications for regional
variation;
from a
diversity of cultures and increased sources of knowledge;
the role of the media in this context.

to European societies

challenges

(ii) Citizens, democracy and new forms of governance

(ii) Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance.

The work will identify the main factors influencing changes
in governance and citizenship, as well as the impacts of these
changes and the possible options to enhance democratic
governance,
resolve conflicts, protect human rights and
take account of cultural diversity and multiple identities.

The work will identify the main factors influencing changes
in governance and citizenship, in particular in the context of
increased integration and globalisation and from the
perspectives of history and cultural heritage as well as the
impacts of
to
enhance democratic governance, resolve conflicts, protect
human rights and take account of cultural diversity and
multiple identities.

these changes and the possible options

— The

European

integration

implications

and
of
for governance
citizen: The
enlargement
objective is
to clarify the key interactions between
European integration and enlargement, and issues of
democracy, institutional arrangements and citizens' well-
being.

and the

Unchanged

Research will focus on: relationships between integration,
enlargement and institutional change within a historical
the implications of a
and comparative perspective;
changing global context and the role of Europe;
the
consequences of an enlarged European Union for the
well-being of its citizens.

Research will focus on: relationships between integration,
enlargement and institutional change within the context
their historical evolution and with a comparative
of
perspective;
implications of a changing global
context and the role of Europe; the consequences of an
enlarged European Union for
its
citizens.

the well-being of

the

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

— Articulation of areas of responsibility and new forms of
governance: The objective are to support
the devel-
opment of forms of multi-level governance which are
and sufficiently robust and
accountable,
flexible to address societal change including integration
and enlargement, and to assure the effectiveness and
legitimacy of policy-making.

legitimate,

Unchanged

Research will focus on: the articulation of responsibilities
between various territorial levels and between public and
representative
private sectors; democratic governance,
society organisations;
institutions and roles of civil
new regulatory
privatisation,
the
for
implications
approaches,
legal systems.

interest,
governance;

corporate

public

the development of

— Security issues connected with the resolution of conflicts
and restoration of peace and justice: the objectives are to
institutional and social
support
capacity in the field of conflict
identify
failure in preventing
leading to success or
factors
conflict, and develop improved options
for conflict
mediation.

resolution,

the development of

— Issues connected with the resolution of conflicts and
restoration of peace and justice: the objectives are to
institutional and social
support
capacity in the field of conflict
identify
failure in preventing
leading to success or
factors
conflict, and develop improved options
for conflict
mediation.

resolution,

focus on: early identification of

Research will
factors
leading to conflict within and between countries;
comparative analysis of procedures for prevention and
justice in
mediation of conflicts and achievement of
different
fields; Europe's role in regional and inter-
national arenas in these respects.

Unchanged

— New forms of citizenship and identities: The objectives
are to promote citizens' involvement and participation in
European policy making, as well as
to understand
perceptions and impacts of European citizenship and
human rights provisions,
allow
mobility and coexistence of multiple identities.

and factors

that

the
identities:
— New forms of citizenship and cultural
objectives are to promote citizens'
involvement and
participation in European policy-making, to understand
perceptions and impacts of citizenship and human rights
provisions in Europe and to identify factors that allow
mobility and coexistence of multiple identities.

Research will focus on: relations between new forms of
citizenship including rights of non-citizens;
tolerance,
human rights, racism and xenophobia; the role of the
media in the development of a European public sphere;
evolution of citizenship and identities in a context of
cultural, and other diversities and increasing population
flows; implications for the development of a European
knowledge-based society.

Research will focus on: relations between new forms of
citizenship including rights of non-citizens;
tolerance,
human rights, racism and xenophobia; the role of the
media in the development of a European public sphere;
evolution of citizenship and identities in a context of
cultural, and other diversities in Europe,
taking into
account population flows; social and cultural dialogue
impli-
within Europe and with other world regions;
European
for
cations
knowledge-based society.

development

the

of

a

The research activities carried out within this thematic priority
area will
include exploratory research at the leading edge of
knowledge on subjects closely related to one or more topics
within it. Two complementary approaches will be utilised: one
receptive and open — the other proactive.

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1.2.

Specific activities covering a wider field of research

Unchanged

Activities under this heading will complement research within
the thematic priority areas and comprise the following:

— Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

— Specific research activities for SMEs

— Specific international co-operation activities

1.2.1. Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

1.2.1. Supporting policies and anticipating scientific and tech-

the

These activities have a distinct role within the overall archi-
Framework Programme 2002-2006. They
tecture of
involve
and the
common implementation arrangements,
necessary critical mass, to assure efficient and flexible conduct
of research which is essential to the fundamental objectives of
Community research and which covers a wide range of needs
that cannot be satisfied within the thematic priorities. They will
have the following specific objectives:

— To underpin the

formulation and implementation of
Community policies, bearing on the interests of possible
the Union as well as the existing
future members of
Member States, and monitor their effects;

and multidisciplinary

— To explore new and emerging scientific and technological
problems and opportunities, including in particular interdis-
ciplinary
research areas, where
European action is appropriate in view of the potential to
develop strategic positions at the leading edge of knowledge
and in new markets, or to anticipate major issues facing
European society.

A feature common to these activities is that they will be imple-
mented within a multi-annual perspective which takes direct
account of the needs and viewpoints of the main associated
actors (as appropriate: policymakers,
industrial user groups,
leading edge research groups, etc.). They will be implemented
in conjunction with an annual programming mechanism, by
which specific priorities, corresponding to identified needs and
falling within the objectives indicated above, will be determined.

nological needs

Unchanged

A feature common to these activities is that they will be imple-
mented within a multi-annual perspective which takes direct
account of the needs and viewpoints of the main associated
actors (as appropriate: policymakers,
industrial user groups,
leading edge research groups, etc.). They will be implemented
in conjunction with a flexible programming mechanism to be
implemented during the course of the programme, by which
specific priorities, corresponding to identified needs and falling
within the objectives indicated above, will be determined.

Priorities thus determined will then be inscribed in the work-
programme for the specific programme, alongside the priorities
deriving from objectives in other parts of the programme, and
updated regularly. This will result in a progressive allocation of
the budget relating to these activities to the specific priorities
identified, throughout the period of execution.

Unchanged

30.7.2002

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The programming will be carried out by the Commission, and
will be based on suggestions received in response to a wide-
ranging consultation of interested circles in the EU and the
programme,
the
countries
regarding the topics to be included.

associated with

framework

A budget of EUR 440 million will be allocated to the research
activities specified below, which have been determined on the
basis of needs which can be identified now; This represents
the amount destined for all activities under
50 % of
this
heading;
the remaining 50 % will be allocated to research
activities to be defined during the course of implementation
of the specific programme.

A first allocation of EUR 350 million will be made to the
research activities specified below, which have been determined
on the basis of needs which can be identified now;
the
remaining EUR 220 million will be allocated during the
course of implementation of the specific programme.

(i) Policy-orientated research

Unchanged

The activities under this heading will provide,
support for:

in particular,

— the implementation of common policies,

in particular the
common agricultural policy, and the common fisheries
policy;

— the common agricultural policy (CAP), and the common

fisheries policy (CFP);

— the achievement of Community policy objectives including
in particular those set out in the 6th Environment Action
Programme (1)
‘Towards a European
the security of energy supply’ (2); and the
strategy for
White Paper on European transport policy (3);

the Green Paper

— as well as those in such fields as public health and, gender
equality, regional development, trade, enlargement external
relations and development aid, and justice and internal
affairs.

— the achievement of other

important objectives of

the
Community, such as those set by the European Commission
for the five years of its mandate and those derived from the
political orientations given by the European Council,
including the Lisbon strategy, with regard to economic
the Information Society and
policy,
e-Europe, enterprise,
internal market and competitiveness,
social policy and employment, and education and culture,
including the requisite statistical methods and tools.

fields of

in the

— sustainable development,

in particular

the Community
policy objectives relating to environment (including those
in the 6th Environment Action Programme (1));
set out
energy (the Green Paper ‘Towards a European strategy for
the security of energy supply’ (2)); and transport (the White
Paper on European transport policy (3));

— other Community policies, namely health (in particular
public health), regional development,
trade, development
aid, internal market and competitiveness, social policy and
gender
employment,
equality, consumer protection, the creation of an area of
freedom, security and justice, external relations including
those policies in support of enlargement, and including
the requisite statistical methods and tools;

education training

culture,

and

— Community policy objectives deriving from the political
orientations given by the European Council, with regard
to, for instance, economic policy, the Information Society,
as well as e-Europe, and enterprise.

They may include pre-normative research, measurement and
testing where necessary for the needs of Community policies.

___________
(1) COM(2001) 31.
(2) COM(2000) 769.
(3) COM(2001) 370.

___________
(1) COM(2001) 31.
(2) COM(2000) 769.
(3) COM(2001) 370.

C 181 E/50

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

M u l t i - a n n u a l p r o g r a m m i n g

Unchanged

the opinions of

The multi-annual programming of these activities will take into
account
the relevant Scientific Committees
associated with the policies concerned. The programming will
be conducted with the help of a User Group composed of
different Commission Services, who will also have recourse,
where appropriate,
to an independent consultation structure
composed of high-level scientific and industrial experts. The
User Group will assess suggestions put forward regarding the
topics to be included on the basis of the following criteria:

— their contribution to policy formulation and development
(e.g. links with legislative proposals in preparation or with
major deadlines in the area);

— their potential contribution to the EU's competitiveness, the
strengthening of its scientific and technological bases and
the achievement of the European Research Area, including
the effective integration of the candidate countries.

— European added value,

in particular of
research carried out in the Member States in the relevant
fields;

taking account

— the scientific relevance and feasibility of the research themes

and approaches proposed;

— assurance of an appropriate division of tasks, and synergy,
between these activities and the Direct Actions of the Joint
Research Centre in support of Community policies.

The programming may be altered by means of an emergency
procedure based on the same evaluation criteria in the event of
a crisis giving rise to urgent and unforeseen research needs.

I n i t i a l r e s e a r c h p r i o r i t i e s

The programming method described above has been applied to
define Policy-orientated research priorities responding to needs
that can already be anticipated. In this first application, it has
been based on suggestions for topics made by the Commission's
policy services, drawing on the advice, as appropriate, of the
relevant Scientific Committees, as well as the broader objectives
the
of
meetings of the European Council. The priorities so defined
will be incorporated in the workprogramme at the start of the
programme.

in successive conclusions of

the Union as set out

Policy-orientated research priorities responding to immediate
topics made by the
needs are based on suggestions
Commission's policy services, drawing on the advice, as appro-
priate, of the relevant Scientific Committees, as well as the
broader objectives of
in successive
the Union as
conclusions of the meetings of the European Council.

set out

for

They have been grouped within the following lines of action, in
a structure which optimises synergies between different policy
requirements and scientific inputs, and which cuts across and
complements the thematic priorities:

Unchanged

30.7.2002

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Official Journal of the European Communities

C 181 E/51

INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

under

— Sustainable management of Europe's natural
this

resources.
policy
responds
Research
requirements relating,
in particular, to the modernisation
and sustainability of the common agriculture and fisheries
policies and the promotion of rural development, including
forestry. It will focus on:

heading

to

agriculture;

Development of bases for policies to promote sustainable,
definition of multifunctional
quality-based
models of sustainable agriculture and forestry management,
benefits and trade-impact assessment;
improved tools for
forecasting and assessment of
international agriculture
policies and markets and related agreements, and the
implications of
common agriculture policy; environmental
agriculture,
and aquaculture-based production
including non-food agriculture, and their inter-
systems,
actions; characterisation of
spatial entities, and related
drivers of change for assessment of rural development and
impact
support
to provide
assessment; development of evaluation and monitoring
tools for animal health and welfare.

environmental

fisheries

tools

to

of

to

alternative

approaches

fisheries
Development
management, through better understanding of key biological
and selectivity parameters within an eco-system based
approach;
integration of multi-annual, multi-species and
socio-economic aspects, and assessment of uncertainties;
and surveillance
improvement of monitoring
methods; development of bases for policies to promote
sustainable
prevention,
acquaculture
production systems diversification and

through,

control

disease

soil

Better understanding of the structure and functioning of
terrestrial and marine ecosystems, including the assessment
of
for
functions and degradation processes;
assessing water quality status, contaminant concentrations
and
pollution
assessment; strategic noise mapping.

improvement

integrated

options;

tools

air

the modernisation and sustainability of agriculture and
including their multifunctional role in order to
forestry,
ensure the sustainable development and promotion of
rural areas;

tools and assessment methods for sustainable agriculture and
forestry management;

the modernisation and sustainability of
including aquaculture-based production systems;

fisheries policy,

new and more environment friendly production methods to
improve animal health and welfare;

environmental assessment (soil, water, air, noise, including
the effects of chemical substances).

Deleted

— Providing health, security and opportunity to the people of
Europe. Research in this category responds
to policy
requirements relating, in particular, to the implementation
of the European Social Agenda, public health and consumer
protection and the creation of an Area of Freedom, Security
and Justice. It will focus on:

— Providing health, security and opportunity to the people of
Europe. Research in this category responds
to policy
requirements relating, in particular, to the implementation
of the European Social Agenda including future social policy
issues, public health and consumer protection and the
creation of an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.
It
will focus on:

social

Methods to evaluate the need for, and performance and
efficiency of,
and consumer policy measures,
including aspects related to consumer satisfaction, unfair
practices and impacts of other EU policies;
the trans-
formation of the labour market, and the cost of ‘non-social

health determinants and the provision of high quality and
sustainable health care services and pension systems (in
particular
in the context of ageing and demographic
change);

C 181 E/52

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Europe’, development of co-ordinated approaches and a
to
comparative European knowledge base for policies
ensure sustainable pension and health care systems,
in
to the impact of demographic
particular with respect
change and ageing; development of improved methods for
risk assessment,
test methods for
including non-animal
chemical substances, measures related to product safety,
and communication of emerging threats to consumers'
and workers' health and safety.

Comparative assessment of health determinants,
including
nutrition, gender-related and socio-economic factors, of
health services and e-health systems, and methods for inter-
improved
vention quality assessment; development of
incidence measurement and understanding of transmission
paths
rare and communicable diseases,
including in the international context; development of safe
and secure procedures
for blood and organ donation,
storage and use; methods to assess the distribution, and
socio-economic impact, of disabilities.

emerging,

for

Comparative research on factors underlying migration and
refugee flows, including illegal immigration and trafficking
in human beings,
improved means to anticipate crime
trends and causes, and to assess the effectiveness of crime-
prevention policies; assessment of new challenges related to
illicit drug use.

public health issues, including epidemiology contributing to
disease prevention and responses to emerging rare and
communicable diseases, allergies, procedures
secure
blood and organ donations, non-animal test methods;

for

the impact of environmental
issues on health (including
methods for risk assessment and the mitigation of risks of
natural disasters to people);

issues relating to handicapped/disabled people (including
equal access facilities);

understanding of migration and refugee flows;

understanding crime trends in the context of public safety;

issues related to civil protection, including biosecurity, and
crisis management.

— Underpinning the economic potential and cohesion of a
larger and more integrated European Union. Research in
this category responds,
to the needs of a
series of policies concerned with the competitiveness,
dynamism and integration of the European economy,
in
the context of enlargement, globalisation and Europe's
commercial relations with the rest of the world.
It will
focus on:

in particular,

Unchanged

underpinning
opment,
improved means
cohesion);

competitiveness

European integration,

devel-
(including
to assess economic development and

and trade policies

sustainable

Improved means to assess economic effectiveness and social
impacts of monetary and fiscal policies, the contribution of
financial market integration to economic development in the
Euro area; the impact of cohesion policies on sustainable
regional development; efficiency of sustainable development
policies on key business sectors, to assess the economic/
industrial impact of biotechnologies; methods of standard-
isation as tools to support internal market policies and to
underpin Community trade policy positions and mutual
recognition agreements.

the development of
and operational
parameters for assessing sustainable transport and energy
systems performance (economic, environmental and social);

indicators

tools,

global security analysis and validation systems for transport
and research relating to accident risks and safety in mobility
systems;

30.7.2002

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Official Journal of the European Communities

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

forecasting
and developing
sustainability in the medium and long term;

innovative policies

for

Information Society issues (such as management and
protection of digital assets, and inclusive access to the
information society);

the protection of cultural heritage;

improved quality, accessibility and dissemination of
European statistics

Deleted

sustainable

environmental,

(economic,
achievement of

Development of bases for a comprehensive approach to
transport security (in particular for air transport); devel-
opment of tools, indicators and operational parameters
and energy system
transport
to assess
and
performance
monitor
enlarged
Europe; forecasting tools, incorporating socio-economic
and
data
sourcing, for energy and transport, to enable validation
of proposed measures,
including technological and
market-based measures, and to assist in the development
of
innovative policies and policy packages to assure
sustainability in the medium and long term.

technological

cost-effective

aspects,

in the

targets,

social),

and

Assessment of means for management and protection of
digital identities and digital assets; assessment of policies,
policy tools and best practice for promoting inclusive
and secure access to the information society, bench-
re-engineering best
marking of government process
practices to improve public services; e-education and
associated contexts of
lifelong
learning; consumer protection in relation to information
and
assessment
services;
methods and conservation strategies to protect cultural
heritage; development of advanced methods and tech-
niques to improve the quality, accessibility and dissemi-
nation of statistics produced by the European statistical
system.

communications

including

learning,

damage

A co-ordinated approach will be ensured when addressing
research questions that are common to different policy
areas,
in particular with respect to the measurement and
impact assessment of demographic changes and more
broadly in the development of policy-relevant statistics and
indicators.

Unchanged

(ii) Research to explore new and emerging scientific and technological

problems and opportunities

Research under this heading will respond to needs in new
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary areas or areas at the
leading edge of knowledge, and which fall within the
legitimate scope of Community research, as well as to unex-
pected major developments. By bringing together resources
from across the EU, it will aim to put European research in
a leading position, opening the way or creating new
scientific and technological developments. It will stimulate
the flow of ideas between academia and industry, and allow
Europe better to exploit its research assets in the drive
towards a dynamic knowledge-based society.

Research under this heading will respond to needs in new
areas which fall within the legitimate scope of Community
research and which cut across or lie outside the thematic
priority areas, in particular because they are highly interdis-
ciplinary and/or multidisciplinary. The research will also
respond to unexpected major developments. By bringing
together resources from across the EU, it will aim to put
European research in a leading position, opening the way or
creating new scientific and technological developments. It
will stimulate the flow of
ideas between academia and
industry, and allow Europe better to exploit its research
assets in the drive towards a dynamic knowledge-based
society.

C 181 E/54

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The following areas of activity will be supported initially:

Unchanged

— Research to assess rapidly new discoveries, or newly-
observed phenomena, which may indicate emerging
risks or problems of high importance to European
society, and identify appropriate responses to them.

in particular

— Research in emerging areas of knowledge and on future
technologies,
in transdisciplinary fields,
which is highly innovative and involves correspondingly
high (technical) risks. It will be open to any new idea
that has significant potential for major industrial and/or
social
the development of Europe's
research capabilities in the longer term.

impact, or

for

Proposals will be evaluated on the basis of
research
excellence, potential for future impact, and, in the first of
these areas particularly, innovativeness.

M u l t i - a n n u a l p r o g r a m m i n g

Specific topics within the above categories on which
research will be focused during the implementation of the
programme will be selected by means of the multi-annual
programming on the basis of their urgency or potential for
taking
future societal,
this
account of
heading. The assessment of topics will be carried out with
the support of an independent consultation structure
composed of high-level scientific and industrial experts
and will also incorporate the following criteria:

industrial, or economic relevance,
the ongoing research activities under

— the potential

the

contribution of

research topics
proposed for innovation and the EU's competitiveness,
the strengthening of
its scientific and technological
bases and the achievement of the European Research
Area,
the
effective
candidate countries;

integration of

including

the

— the scientific relevance and timeliness of the research

themes and approaches proposed.

The programming may be altered by means of an
emergency procedure based on the
evaluation
criteria in the event of a crisis giving rise to urgent and
unforeseen research needs.

same

(iii) Implementation

The activities programmed will be carried out by means of
calls for proposals. They will essentially take the form of:

— Targeted Specific projects generally of a limited scale,
carried out by means of partnerships of a size adapted
to the needs to be covered.

— Specific targeted research projects generally of a limited
scale, carried out by means of partnerships of a size
adapted to the needs to be covered.

30.7.2002

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Official Journal of the European Communities

C 181 E/55

INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— the networking of research activities carried out at
national level where the objectives can be achieved by
mobilising capacities existing in the Member States,
candidate countries and other associated states.

carried out at national

— Co-ordination actions, and the networking of research
activities
the
objectives can be achieved by mobilising capacities
existing in the Member States, candidate countries and
other associated States.

level where

In certain duly justified cases, where the objectives pursued
can be better attained in this way, limited use may be made
of the instruments used in the priority thematic areas.

In certain duly justified cases, where the objectives pursued
can be better attained in this way, limited use may be made
of networks of excellence and integrated projects.

The proposals will be selected by the Commission following
evaluation by independent experts.

Unchanged

Specific support actions may also be used to implement
these activities.

(ii) Specific research activities for SMEs

Deleted

O b j e c t i v e s

Unchanged

1.2.2. Horizontal research activities involving SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in
European competitiveness and job creation, not only because
they represent
the overwhelming majority of enterprises in
Europe, but also because they are the source of dynamism
and change in new markets, particularly those at the leading
technology. Although a heterogeneous community,
edge of
they are all confronted by increased competition resulting
from the completion of the European internal market and the
need to innovate constantly and accommodate advances in tech-
nology. Besides this, an increasing number of SMEs both need
and want to internationalise in search of new markets and
business opportunities.

SMEs will participate, for the most part, in the activities imple-
mented under the priority thematic areas of research within
networks of excellence and integrated projects.
In addition,
specific schemes for SMEs in the form of actions on collective
and cooperative research will be set up. These will be addressing
primarily the large community of SMEs with a capacity to
the
innovate but with limited research capability. However,
co-operative research scheme will be extended to provide
support
through arrangements
catering specifically for their needs.

for new, high-tech SMEs

SMEs will participate, for the most part, in the activities imple-
mented under the priority thematic areas of research within
integrated projects
networks of
and specific
excellence,
targeted research projects.
In addition, specific schemes for
SMEs in the form of actions on collective and cooperative
research will be set up. These will be addressing primarily the
large community of SMEs with a capacity to innovate but with
limited research capability. However, the co-operative research
scheme will also allow innovative SMEs to co-operate with
universities and research centres

Overall, at least 15 % of the budget relating to the ‘integrating
research’ part of this programme will be allocated to SMEs.

Overall, in addition to the horizontal activities for SMEs, at least
15 % of the budget relating to the seven thematic priorities
under this programme will be allocated to SMEs.

C o l l e c t i v e r e s e a r c h

Unchanged

industrial associations or

Collective research is a form of research undertaken by RTD
industry
performers on behalf of
large
groupings in order to expand the knowledge base of
communities of SMEs and thus improve their general standard
of competitiveness. Conducted on a European basis, through
substantial projects of
is an
efficient way of addressing technological needs of significant
sections of the industrial community.

several years duration,

this

C 181 E/56

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Based on schemes existing in many Member States, this measure
aims at allowing industrial groupings to identify and express
research needs that are common to large numbers of SMEs at
European level. It should allow to improve the overall European
technological basis of whole industrial sectors. By inter-linking
industrial groupings in different countries and in financing
larger projects with an increased responsibility for project
co-ordinators, it will contribute to structuring the landscape of
collective research in line with the objectives of the European
Research Area.

Collective research projects could cover, for example:

— Research aimed at addressing common problems/challenges
environmental

requirements,

regulatory

to meet

(e.g.
performance)

Projects will be managed, on the basis of well-defined guidelines,
by industrial associations or other groupings established at
European level, or by at least 2 national industrial associations/
groupings established in different European countries. European
Economic Interest Groups representing the interests of SMEs are
also eligible. A ‘core group’ of SMEs associated to each project
will monitor progress from the definition phase of the research
to the dissemination of the results obtained.

Unchanged

— Pre-normative research (research to provide a scientific base

for European norms and standards)

— Research aimed at reinforcing the technological basis of

particular sector(s)

— Development of ‘technological tools’ (e.g. diagnosis, safety

equipment)

Projects will be managed, on the basis of well-defined guidelines,
by industrial associations or other groupings established at
industrial associations/
European level, or at least 2 national
groupings
countries.
European
different
European Economic Interest Groups representing the interests
of SMEs are also eligible. A ‘core group’ of SMEs associated to
each project will monitor progress from the definition phase of
the research to the dissemination of the results obtained.

established

in

A 2-step approach is envisaged in identifying topics and
selecting proposals (call for outline proposals and, after those
selected in a first round evaluation have been developed into
complete proposal(s), evaluation and selection from amongst
these). The level of funding and contractual arrangements of
collective research projects will depend on their objectives:

— projects aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of a
specific industrial sector would benefit from a maximum
the total eligible
Community contribution of 50 % of
costs.
In such cases the contracting party (the industrial
groupings) would own the results,

— projects having a strong legislative or ‘public well-being’
(e.g. environmental protection, enhancement of
content
public health), could obtain a higher
In such
cases, the main emphasis will be on a Europe-wide dissemi-
nation of the research results.

funding.

In all cases, dissemination of the results amongst the SMEs
would be foreseen through, for example, special training and
demonstration (‘take-up’) actions.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

C o - o p e r a t i v e r e s e a r c h

Co-operative research is a scheme whereby a limited number of
SMEs from different countries having specific problems or
needs, outsource the required research to an RTD performer,
while retaining ownership of the results. Projects are relatively
short term and may address any research topic or field, being
based on the specific needs and problems of
the SMEs
concerned. Other (non-SME) enterprises and end-users will be
able to participate in co-operative research projects, under
conditions ensuring they do not assume a dominant role, and
have restricted access to the results.

These activities may also be carried out by innovative and
high-tech SMEs in co-operation with research centres and
universities.

Young high-technology SMEs, including ‘start-ups’, may need to
outsource specific basic research requirements to extend or
renew the knowledge base underpinning their own research
activities.
In this case, the co-operative research scheme can
be used by a single SME which needs to co-operate with an
from another country having the required
RTD performer
specialised complementary research skills. Special provisions
regarding access to the results will apply for such cases.

Deleted

Co-operative research will be implemented via an open call for
proposals. This activity will also be responsible for the co-ordi-
nation of a dedicated network of SME National Contact Points in
the Member States and Associated States, providing SMEs at
regional and national level with information and assistance on
their participation in the Framework Programme, including in
Networks of Excellence and Integrated Projects. Close co-ordi-
nation with the Economic and Technological
Intelligence
Actions and with the innovation support services, implemented
under the heading ‘Research and Innovation’, will ensure that
SMEs benefit from all the foreseen instruments and activities.

Co-operative research will be implemented via an open call for
proposals. Information and advice about the possibilities of SME
involvement will be ensured via entry points set up by the
Commission, and by making use of the national contact point
scheme. This activity will also be responsible for the co-ordi-
nation of a dedicated network of SME National Contact Points in
the Member States and Associated States, providing SMEs at
regional and national level with information and assistance on
their participation in the Framework Programme, including in
Networks of Excellence and Integrated Projects. Close co-ordi-
Intelligence
nation with the Economic and Technological
Actions and with the innovation support services, implemented
under the heading ‘Research and Innovation’, will ensure that
SMEs benefit from all the foreseen instruments and activities.

(iii) Specific international co-operation activities

Deleted

1.2.3. Specific measures in support of international co-operation

Unchanged

The general objective of the international cooperation activities
carried out under the Framework Programme is to help open up
the European Research Area to the rest of the world. These
activities
the
Framework Programme to this opening-up process, which will
require a joint effort by the Community and the Member States.

contribution

particular

represent

the

of

Under this heading, the activities in question have the following
particular objectives:

C 181 E/58

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Official Journal of the European Communities

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— To help European researchers, businesses and research
organisations in the EU and the countries associated with
the Framework Programme to have access to knowledge
and expertise existing elsewhere in the world.

— To help ensure Europe's strong and coherent participation
in the research initiatives conducted at international level in
order to push back the boundaries of knowledge or help to
resolve the major global
for example as regards
issues,
health and environment.

— To lend support, in the scientific and technological field, to
the implementation of the Community's foreign policy and
development aid policy.

Apart from opening up the networks of excellence and the
integrated projects to participation by third-country researchers
and institutions, international cooperation activities will take the
form of specific activities.

Apart from opening up the activities of the seven thematic
priorities to participation by third-country researchers and insti-
tutions, international cooperation activities will take the form of
specific activities.

Carried out in support of the Community's foreign policy and
development aid policy, these specific activities will concern
three groups of countries: the Mediterranean third countries,
Russia and the CIS countries, and the developing countries.

Unchanged

They will be carried out in such a way as to complement the
participation of researchers and entities in those countries in the
networks of excellence and integrated projects which are open
to them and in which they will participate in a variable way
depending on the themes and countries.

The research priorities in this category of activities are defined
on the basis of the interests and objectives of the Community's
political partnership with the different groups of countries, as
well as their particular economic and social needs.

They will therefore cover more particularly:

— In the case of the Mediterranean third countries, in support
of the development of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership,
issues relating to environment, health and water issues, as
well as protection of the cultural heritage.

— In the case of Russia and the CIS countries, stabilisation of
R & D potential, issues relating to changes in the industrial
production system, environment and health protection and
various safety aspects.

— In the case of the developing countries, the problems of
food safety, and the rational

health and public health,
exploitation of resources.

— In the case of the developing countries, the problems of
health and public health, food security, and the rational
exploitation of resources.

These activities will be carried out by means of research, tech-
nological development and demonstration projects of a limited
scale,
and, where
necessary, specific support measures.

to coordinate national

actions

efforts

Unchanged

30.7.2002

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Cooperation activities with Russia and the CIS will be carried
out in particular through the INTAS structure set up jointly by
the Community and the Member States.

three cases, one of

In all
the major objectives is to help
strengthen, stabilise, develop or adapt the local research systems.

the

Framework

Programme

activities will
Accordingly,
to strengthen coordination and complementarity
endeavour
with activities carried out by means of financial
instruments
such as, in the case of the Mediterranean third countries, the
MEDA Programme, in the case of Russia and the CIS countries
the Tacis Programme and in the case of the developing countries
the EDF (European Development Fund) and the ALA (Latin
America/Asia) Fund. These activities can help to promote the
for
development
research, research infrastructures and capabilities relating to
innovation and exploitation of results.

countries of human resources

in those

2.

STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN
RESEARCH AREA

The establishment of the European Research Area depends on
improving the coherence and co-ordination of research and
innovation activities
conducted at national,
regional and European level.

and policies

The objectives of Community action in this field are to stimulate
and support programme coordination and joint actions among
Member States and among European organisations as well as to
develop the common knowledge base necessary for the coherent
development of policies. The activities may be implemented in
any scientific and technological area, including in the thematic
priority domains.

coordination and joint

The objectives of Community action in this field are to stimulate
and support programme
actions
conducted at national or regional
level as well as among
European organisations and thus help to develop the common
knowledge base necessary for the coherent development of
policies. The activities may be implemented in any scientific
and technological area,
including in the thematic priority
domains.

2.1. Co-ordination of research activities

2.1.

Support for the co-ordination of activities

Coordination of national activities

Unchanged

The objective is to encourage and support initiatives undertaken
by several countries, in areas of common strategic interest, to
develop synergy between their existing activities through coor-
dination of their implementation, mutual opening and mutual
access to research results, as well as to define and implement
joint activities.

The activities concerned must be understood as programmes or
parts of programmes,
instruments, plans or other initiatives
undertaken at national or regional levels and involving public
funding to support RTD work, the development of research
capabilities, and the promotion of
innovation. The activities
may be undertaken directly by public authorities or research
agencies at national or regional
levels or through European
co-operation frameworks such as the European Science Foun-
dation (e.g. the collaborative scheme. EUROCORES).

The activities concerned must be understood as programmes or
parts of programmes,
instruments, plans or other initiatives
undertaken at national or regional levels and involving public
funding to support RTD work, the development of research
capabilities, and the promotion of
innovation. The activities
may be undertaken directly by public authorities or research
agencies at national or regional
levels or through European
co-operation frameworks, in particular the EUROCORES collab-
orative scheme of the European Science Foundation.

C 181 E/60

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Efforts to encourage co-ordination activities, using a bottom-up
approach, will be carried out in the whole field of science and
technology in areas such as:

impairment),

— health: health of key population groups; major diseases and
(e.g. cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases,
disorders
hepatitis, visual
rare diseases and major
diseases linked to poverty in developing countries; activities
involved will be implemented, for instance, through coor-
dination of research and comparative studies, development
of European databases
and interdisciplinary networks,
exchange of clinical practice and coordination of clinical
trials;

— biotechnology: non-health and non-food applications;

— environment: urban environment

urban development and cultural heritage,
example,
land/soil management; seismic risk;

concepts); marine

ecosite

(including sustainable
for
and

environment

including,

— energy: new generation power plants (‘near-zero-emission’),

energy storage, transport and distribution.

The Community will encourage and support initiatives aimed at
networking national and regional activities and programmes, by
supporting:

Unchanged

— the coordination of independent activities including their

mutual opening;

— the preparation and the management of joint activities.

For this purpose, the Community will:

— support proposals selected following their submission in
response to an open call for proposals (2 evaluations per
year). Where appropriate, calls for expressions of interest,
followed by targeted calls may be published.

instance strategic studies and
Proposals may cover
for
the research and innovation
planning, consultation of
review
community,
information and
panels, exchange and dissemination of
results, programme monitoring and evaluation, exchange
of personnel.

for proposals and peer

joint calls

Proposals will be evaluated taking into account in particular
the following aspects: the scope of the resources mobilised,
the scientific and technological relevance and impact, the
expected improvement in the use of research resources at
European level and where appropriate their contribution to
promoting innovation.

— Develop an integrated information system, which will be
easily accessible, user-friendly and updated regularly,
to
provide relevant information to:

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

national

— policy makers and programme managers:

information
on
instruments,
research activities undertaken and planned to help
identify opportunities for co-ordination, networking or
joint initiatives;

programmes,

research

national

— policy makers and programme managers:

information
on
programmes,
instruments, research activities undertaken and planned
co-ordination,
to help identify opportunities
networking or joint initiatives;

research

regional

and

for

— the research community:

information on national or

— the

research community:

joint programmes

information on national,
in which they can

joint programmes in which they can participate.

regional or
participate.

Co-ordination at European level

Unchanged

The objective is to enhance the complementarity and synergy
between Community actions undertaken under the Framework
Programme and those of other European scientific co-operation
organisations as well as among these organisations themselves.
Through increased co-ordination and collaboration the various
European co-operation frameworks will
contribute more
effectively to the overall coherence of European research
efforts and the establishment of a European Research Area.
Community participation in international activities can be
supported in duly justified cases.

— Scientific and technological co-operation activities carried

out in other European co-operation frameworks

a

COST is
long-standing bottom-up mechanism that
facilitates co-ordination and exchanges between nationally
funded scientists and research teams in a variety of areas.
In order for COST to continue to ensure a cost-effective
the
contribution
European research area,
its management arrangements
must be adapted to the new context. This will entail the
establishment by COST member states of an appropriate
organisation to which financial
support may then be
granted under this programme.

co-ordination within

research

to

Reinforced co-ordination among the
the
European Science Foundation, COST and the Framework
Programme will also be sought in areas of common interest.

activities of

Coordination with EUREKA will be strengthened to improve
strategic coherence and complementarity of
in
particular in the thematic priority areas. Joint information
and communication actions will also be organised where
appropriate.

funding,

Unchanged

— Collaboration and joint initiatives of specialised European

scientific cooperation organisations

and support

With regard to thematic European organisations, such as
ILL, the Community will
CERN, ESA, ESO, EMBL, ESRF,
encourage
at
strengthening the coherence and synergies between their
activities and between them and Community actions,
in
particular through the development of
joint approaches
and actions on issues of common interest.

initiatives

specific

aiming

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

2.2. Coherent development of research and innovation policies

The objective of the activities to be carried out in this area is to
encourage the coherent development of research and innovation
policies in Europe thanks to the early identification of challenges
and areas of common interest as well as by providing national
and Community policymakers with knowledge and decision-
aiding tools that can help them formulate policy.

The objective of the activities to be carried out in this area is to
encourage the coherent development of research and innovation
policies in Europe thanks to the early identification of challenges
and areas of common interest as well as by providing national,
regional and Community policymakers with knowledge and
decision-aiding tools that can help them formulate policy.

The activities to be carried out to this end will take place in the
following areas:

Unchanged

— Analyses and studies; work relating to foresight, statistics

and science and technology indicators

These activities will include studies, analyses and foresight
activities relating to scientific and technological activities
and research and innovation policies in the context of the
implementation of the European Research Area.

The activities relating to foresight will include in particular
the development of
thematic dialogue platforms and a
knowledge base for users and producers of prospective
analyses, the exploitation of good practices with regard to
methodology, as well as the preparation of medium and
long-term scenarios for science and technology in Europe.

Work on indicators will involve the further development of
relevant and harmonised indicators, taking into account the
different dimensions of research and innovation and their
impact on economy and society, for example for comparing
the scientific and technological performance of the Member
States and regions.

— Benchmarking of

research and innovation policies

at

national, regional and European level

this exercise,

the methodology of

The first exercise to benchmark national RTD policies,
which began in 2000, will be completed by mid 2002. In
the light of
the next
benchmarking cycles,
including the indicators, will be
adapted and the exercises will be enlarged geographically
by opening them up to the countries in the process of
acceding to the EU and the associated countries, and will
be extended to include other themes. Special attention will
be paid to the dissemination and monitoring of
the
application of best practices in close collaboration with
the Member States and the research actors.

The benchmarking work in progress in the field of inno-
vation (gathering of information about innovation policies
in Europe, development of the ‘innovation scoreboard’ and
organisation of
innovation policies by
‘thematic clubs’ of policymakers) will be extended so as to
open them up geographically, in social terms as a result of
involving the innovation stakeholders, and in regional terms.

‘peer reviews’ of

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— Mapping scientific and technological excellence in Europe

The activities on mapping excellence will be expanded
according to two guidelines,
increasing the number of
themes covered and regularly updating the results.

Special attention will be paid to the very broad dissemi-
nation of the information available as well as to the coor-
dination of mapping with the activities aimed at promoting
the integration of research efforts in Europe.

— Improving the regulatory and administrative environment

for research and innovation in Europe

to

and

help

practices

The objective here is to examine and analyse regulatory and
administrative obstacles, to identify and disseminate good
management
formulate new
approaches. The following are some of the areas that will
intellectual and industrial property; public-
be concerned:
private relations with regard to research and innovation;
the exploitation and dissemination of knowledge; the rules
governing access to new products or services on the market;
mechanisms
funding research and innovation and
encouraging investment, in particular by the private sector.

for

C 181 E/64

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

ANNEX II

INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN OF THE AMOUNT

Types of activities

Amount
(EUR million)

Types of activities

INTEGRATING RESEARCH

Priority thematic areas of research

Genomics and biotechnology for health

Information Society technologies

Nanotechnologies
production processes

intelligent

materials,

new

Aeronautics and space

Food safety and health risks

Sustainable development and global change

FOCUSING AND INTEGRATING COMMUNITY
RESEARCH

Priority thematic areas of research (2)

Genomics and biotechnology for health

— Advanced genomics and its applications for health

1 150

— Combating major diseases

Information Society technologies

Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based
multifunctional materials,
new production
processes and devices

and

Amount
(EUR million)

12 525 (1)

11 205

2 200

1 050

3 600 (3)

1 300

1 075

685

Citizens
and
knowledge-based society

governance

in

the

European

Aeronautics and space

Food quality and safety

Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological
needs

Policy orientated research and leading edge topics

Specific research activities for SMEs

Specific international cooperation activities

STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE
EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

Support for the co-ordination of activities

Support for the coherent development of policies

Total

Sustainable
ecosystems

development

global

change

and

2 120

— Sustainable energy systems

— Sustainable surface transport

— Global change and ecosystems

Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society

810

610

700

225

Specific activities covering a wider
research

field of

1 320

Supporting policies and anticipating scientific and
technological needs

Horizontal research activities involving SMEs

Specific measures
co-operation

in

support

of

international

STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE
EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

Support for the co-ordination of activities

Support for the coherent development of policies

570

450

300

330

280

50

Total

12 855

(1) Including EUR 600 million for international co-operation activities, and
the European

including any amounts provided for under decisions of
Parliament and Council pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty.

(2) The aim is to allocate at least 15 % of the total financial resources assigned to

this heading to SMEs.

(3) Including up to EUR 100 million for the further development of Géant and

GRID.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

ANNEX III

MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROGRAMME

the European Parliament and of

In order to implement the specific programme, and in accordance with
the Decisions of
the Council
concerning the multiannual Framework Programme 2002-2006 of
technological development
the European Community for research,
and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards
the
creation of the European Research Area (2002/. . ./EC) and with the
rules for
research centres and
universities and for the dissemination of research results (2002/. . ./EC),
the Commission will use various instruments.

the participation of undertakings,

The Commission will evaluate the proposals in accordance with the
evaluation criteria set out in the abovementioned Decisions in order to
verify their relevance with regard to the objectives of the programme,
their scientific and technological excellence, their Community added
value and the participants' management capacity.

The Community contribution will be granted in accordance with the
abovementioned decisions. In the case of participation of bodies from
regions lagging in development, it may be possible to obtain comple-
mentary funding from the Structural Funds within the limits specified
by the Community framework for state aid for research

Unchanged

(Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence)

As regards the thematic priority areas, the importance of the new
is
instruments
recognised as being an overall priority means to attain the objectives
of critical mass, management simplification and European added value
contributed by Community research in relation to what is already
undertaken at national
level, and of the integration of the research
capacities. However, the size of projects is not a criterion for exclusion,
and access to new instruments is ensured for SMEs and other small
entities.

The new instruments will be used from the start of
the Sixth
Framework Programme in each theme and, where deemed appropriate,
as a priority means, while maintaining the use of specific targeted
projects and coordination actions.

The Commission will evaluate the proposals in accordance with the
evaluation criteria set out in the abovementioned Decisions.

The Community contribution will be granted in accordance with the
abovementioned decisions and in compliance with the Community
framework for state aid for research. In the case of participation of
bodies from regions lagging in development, when a project receives
the maximum intensity of
the
framework programme or an overall grant, an additional contribution
from the Structural Funds, pursuant
to Council Regulation (EC)
No 1260/99 (1), could be granted.

authorised under

co-financing

In the case of participation of entities from the associated candidate
countries, an additional contribution from the pre-accession financial
instruments could be granted under similar conditions.

In the case of participation of organisations from Mediterranean or
developing countries, a contribution of the MEDA programme and
of the financial instruments of the Community's aid to development
could be envisaged.

In carrying out the programme, the Commission may have recourse to
technical assistance.

In 2004 an evaluation will be undertaken by independent experts of
the efficiency of each of
instruments in the
execution of the Sixth Framework Programme.
___________
(1) OJ L 161, 26.6.1999.

these three types of

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

Actions under Articles 169 and 171 of the Treaty which contribute to
the scientific and technological objectives set out in Annex I may be
supported financially by the specific programme, in accordance with
the relevant decisions under Article 172 of the Treaty.

A. New instruments

Unchanged

A.1. Networks of excellence

Networks of excellence are implemented in the seven priority
thematic areas of
in duly
justified cases,
the needs of
in research areas meeting
Community policies and as well as in new and emerging areas

the Framework Programme and,

Networks of excellence are implemented in the seven priority
thematic areas of
in duly
justified cases,
in research areas supporting policies and antici-
pating scientific and technological needs.

the Framework Programme and,

this instrument

The objective of
is to strengthen European
scientific and technological excellence by means of a progressive
and lasting integration of research capacities existing or emerging
in Europe at both national and regional level. Each network will
aim at advancing knowledge in a particular area by assembling a
critical mass of skills.

In general, the network will be organised around a core group of
participants to which others may be added. In order to create a
virtual centre of excellence, they will integrate a considerable part
research activities in the area
or even the totality of
concerned. These activities will often be multidisciplinary, and
oriented towards long-term objectives and not precise predefined
results in terms of products, processes or services.

their

In addition to these integrated research activities, the network's
joint programme of activities will also comprise integration
activities as well as activities related to spreading of excellence
outside the network.

The purpose of networks of excellence is to strengthen and
develop Community scientific and technological excellence by
means of the integration, at European level, of research capacities
currently existing or emerging at both national and regional level.
Each network will also aim at advancing knowledge in a
particular area by assembling a critical mass of expertise. They
foster cooperation between capacities of excellence in
will
universities, research centres, enterprises,
including SMEs, and
science and technology organisations. The activities concerned
will be generally targeted towards long-term, multidisciplinary
objectives, rather than predefined results in terms of products,
processes or services.

A network of excellence will be implemented by a joint
programme of activities involving some or, where appropriate,
all of the research capacities and activities of the participants in
the relevant area to attain a critical mass of expertise and
European added value. A joint programme of activities could
aim at the creation of a self-standing virtual centre of excellence
that may result in developing the necessary means for achieving a
durable integration of the research capacities. A joint programme
of activities will necessarily include those aimed at integration, as
well as activities related to the spreading of excellence and
dissemination of results outside the network.

In pursuing its objectives, the network will therefore carry out:

Unchanged

— Research activities integrated by its participants

— Integration activities which will comprise in particular:

— adaptation of the participants' research activities in order to

strengthen their complementarity;

— development and utilisation of electronic information and
communication means, and development of virtual and
interactive working methods;

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

— short-, medium- and long-term exchanges of personnel, the
opening of positions to researchers from other members of
the network, or their training;

— development and use of joint research infrastructures, and
adaptation of the existing facilities with a view to a shared
use;

— joint management and exploitation of

the knowledge

generated, and actions to promote innovation.

— Activities of spreading of excellence which will comprise, as

appropriate:

— training of researchers;

— communication concerning the

achievements of

the

network and the dissemination of knowledge;

— services in support of technological

innovation in SMEs,

aimed in particular at the take-up of new technologies;

— analyses of science/society issues related to the research

carried out by the network.

training of
In carrying out some of
researchers), the network will endeavour to ensure publicity by
publishing calls for applications.

its activities

(such as

The size of the network may vary according to the areas and
subjects involved. As an indication, the number of participants
should not be less than half a dozen. On average,
in financial
terms, the Community contribution to a network of excellence
may represent several million euros per year.

The network proposals should comprise the following elements:

— a general outline of the joint programme of activities, and its
content for the first year, broken down into research activities,
integration activities, and activities for spreading excellence;

— a general outline of the joint programme of activities, and its
the first period, broken down into research
integration activities, and activities for spreading

for

content
activities,
excellence;

— the role of

the participants,

identifying the activities and

Unchanged

resources that they will integrate;

— the operation of the network (coordination and management

of activities);

— the plan for

the dissemination of knowledge and the

perspectives as regards exploitation of the results.

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INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

The partnership may evolve when necessary, within the limit of
the initial Community contribution, by replacing participants or
adding new ones. In most cases, this will be done through publi-
cation of a call for applications.

The partnership may evolve when necessary, within the limit of
the initial Community contribution, by replacing participants or
adding new ones. In most cases, this will be done through publi-
cation of a competitive call.

The programme of activities would be updated yearly and would
entail a reorientation of certain activities or launching of new
ones not initially foreseen, which could involve new participants.
The Commission may launch calls for proposals with a view to
the allocation of additional contribution in order to cover, for
example, an extension of the integrated activities of the existing
network or the integration of new participants.

Unchanged

The Community's
financial contribution will be a specified
amount linked to the implementation of a set of work, initially
calculated on the basis of the resources dedicated to carrying out
the joint programme of activity and paid on an annual basis,
taking into account activities and financial
reports. As a
complement to the resources of the participants. It should be
sufficient
to act as an incentive for integration, but without
creating a financial dependence that might jeopardise the lasting
association of the network.

for integration,

The Community's financial contribution shall take the form of a
grant
the amount of which is determined in
relation to the value of the capacities and resources which all
It shall complement the
the participants propose to integrate.
resources deployed by the participants in order to carry out the
joint programme of activities. It should be sufficient to act as an
incentive
financial
dependence that might jeopardise the lasting association of the
network.

integration, but without

creating a

for

A.2. Integrated projects

Unchanged

Integrated projects will be implemented in the seven priority
the Framework Programme and,
thematic areas of
in duly
justified cases,
in research areas meeting the needs arising
in,
from the implementation of Community policies as well as in
new and emerging

Integrated projects will be implemented in the seven priority
thematic areas of
in duly
justified cases, in, in research areas supporting policies and antici-
pating scientific and technological needs.

the Framework Programme and,

is to strengthen European
The objective of
competitiveness
societal
problems by mobilising a critical mass of research and tech-
nological development resources and skills existing in Europe.

this instrument
contribute

resolve major

or

to

identifiable

Accordingly, each integrated project will have the aim of
obtaining
results
and
applicable to products, processes or
services. The activities
carried out in the context of an integrated project will have by
definition clearly defined objectives even in the case of risky
research.

technological

scientific

In general,
around a core group made up of the main participants.

the participants in the projects will be organised

Integrated projects are designed to give increased impetus to the
Community's competitiveness or to address major societal needs
by mobilising a critical mass of research and technological devel-
opment resources and competence. Each integrated project will be
assigned clearly defined scientific and technological objectives and
should be directed at obtaining specific results applicable in terms
of,
for instance, products, processes or services. Under these
objectives they may include more long-term or ‘risky’ research.

Integrated projects will comprise a coherent set of component
actions which may vary in size and structure according to the
tasks to be carried out, each dealing with different aspects of the
research needed to achieve common overall objectives, and
forming a coherent whole and implemented in close coordination.

They will be carried out on the basis of overall financing plans
preferably involving significant mobilisation of public and private
sector funding,
including funding from EIB and collaboration
schemes such as Eureka.

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

the activities carried out

All
in the context of an integrated
project will be defined in the general framework of an ‘execution
plan’ comprising activities relating to:

the activities carried out

All
in the context of an integrated
project will be defined in the general framework of an ‘implemen-
tation plan’ comprising activities relating to:

— research, technological development and/or demonstration;

— research,

and as

appropriate

technological development

and/or demonstration;

— management, dissemination and transfer of knowledge with a

Unchanged

view to promoting innovation;

— analysis and assessment of the technologies concerned, as well

as the factors relating to their exploitation.

In pursuit of its objectives, it may also comprise activities relating
to:

— training

researchers,

students,

engineers

and industrial

executives, in particular for SMEs;

— support for the take-up of new technologies, in particular by

SMEs;

— information and communication, and dialogue with the public
concerning the science/society aspects of the research carried
out within the project.

The size of an integrated project may vary according to the
themes and subjects, depending on the critical mass necessary
in order to obtain the expected results under the best possible
conditions.

Deleted

The combined activities of an integrated project may represent a
financial size ranging from several million euros to several tens of
millions of euros.

The combined activities of an integrated project may represent a
financial size ranging from several million euros to several tens of
millions of euros. However, the size of projects is not a criterion
for exclusion, and access to new instruments is ensured for SMEs
and other small entities.

In most cases an integrated project will comprise a set of specific
actions, relating to certain aspects of the research needed to
achieve the objectives pursued, of variable sizes and structures
according to the tasks to be executed, implemented in a closely
coordinated manner.
In some cases, however, an integrated
project may take the form of a single large project with a
single component.

Deleted

Integrated project proposals
elements:

should comprise the following

Unchanged

— the scientific and technological objectives of the project;

— the main lines and timetable of the execution plan, high-

lighting the articulation of the various components;

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AMENDED PROPOSAL

— the stages of implementation and the results expected in each

one of them;

— the role of the participants within the consortium and the

specific skills of each of them;

— the organisation and management of the project;

— the plan for the dissemination of knowledge and the exploi-

tation of results;

— the global budget estimate and the budget for the different
including a financial plan identifying the various

activities,
contributions and their origin.

The partnership may evolve when necessary, within the limits of
the initial Community contribution, by replacing participants or
adding new ones. In most cases, this will be done through publi-
cation of a call for applications.

The partnership may evolve when necessary, within the limits of
the initial Community contribution, by replacing participants or
adding new ones. In most cases, this will be done through publi-
cation of a competitive call.

The execution plan will be updated yearly. This updating may
entail the reorientation of certain activities and the launching of
new ones. In the latter case, and where an additional Community
contribution is needed,
identify these
activities and the participants who will carry them out, by
means of a call for proposals.

the Commission will

The implementation plan will be updated yearly. This updating
may entail the reorientation of certain activities and the launching
In the latter case, and where an additional
of new ones.
Community
the Commission will
identify these activities and the participants who will carry
them out, by means of a call for proposals.

contribution is needed,

The Community contribution will be part of a financing plan
which may involve recourse to other financing schemes,
in
particular Eureka or the instruments of the EIB or the EIF. It
may amount to up to 50 % of the total project budget, broken
down into budgets per activity. It will be paid annually on the
basis of the proposed execution plan, and adjusted according to
the activities and the financial reports.

The Community contribution shall take the form of a grant to the
budget, calculated as a percentage of the budget allocated by the
participants to carry out the project, adapted according to the
type of activity.

A.3. Collective research projects

A.3. Collective research projects for SMEs

Implemented across the whole field of science and technology,
these projects will be carried out by research entities for the
benefit of industrial associations or groupings,
in areas and on
subjects of interest to a large number of SMEs confronted with
common problems.

Unchanged

B. Other instruments

In order to implement the programme, la Commission may also
have recourse to

In order to implement the programme, other instruments may
also be used:

— specific targeted projects in order to carry out research or
demonstration activities
in areas meeting the needs of
Community policies, new or emerging needs, and specific
international cooperation activities.

Deleted

30.7.2002

EN

Official Journal of the European Communities

C 181 E/71

INITIAL PROPOSAL

AMENDED PROPOSAL

— cooperative research projects across the whole field of science
and technology, to enable SMEs to have access to entities with
appropriate research capacities to carry out specific research
activities.

— coordination and specific support actions in order to achieve
the objectives identified in the programme and relating to the
needs of Community policies, new or emerging needs, specific
international cooperation activities, and the strengthening of
the foundations of the European Research Area.

— accompanying actions by way of additional measures to
achieve the objectives of the programme or prepare future
activities in the context of the Community's research and
technological development policy.

B.1. Specific targeted research projects

Specific targeted research projects will aim at improving European
competitiveness. They will be sharply focussed and will take either
of the following two forms, or a combination of the two:

(a) a research and technological development project designed to
gain new knowledge either to improve considerably or to
develop new products, processes or services or to meet
other needs of society and Community policies;

(b) a demonstration project designed to prove the viability of new
technologies offering potential economic advantage but which
cannot be commercialised directly.

B.2. Cooperative research projects for SMEs

Implemented across the whole field of science and technology,
these projects will be undertaken for the benefit of a number of
SMEs on themes of common interest.

B.3. Coordination actions

Coordination actions are intended to promote and support the
coordinated initiatives of a range of research and innovation
operators aiming at
improved integration. They will cover
activities such as the organisation of conferences, meetings, the
performance of studies, exchanges of personnel, the exchange and
dissemination of good practices, setting up information systems
and expert groups, and may, if necessary, include support for the
definition, organisation and management of joint or common
initiatives.

B.4. Specific support actions

Specific support actions will complement the implementation of
the Framework Programme and may be used to help in prep-
arations for future Community research and technological devel-
opment policy activities including monitoring and assessment
involve conferences, seminars,
activities. In particular, they will
studies
and
level
competitions, working groups and expert groups, operational
support and dissemination,
information and communication
activities, or a combination of these, as appropriate in each case.

scientific

analyses,

awards

high

and