Proposal for a Council Decision on the accession, on behalf of the European Community to the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone
Date: 2002-01-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: air quality, environmental policy, eutrophication, international convention, ozone, pollution control measures, transfrontier pollution

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Official Journal of the European Communities

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Proposal for a Council Decision on the accession, on behalf of the European Community to the
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidifi-
cation, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone

(2002/C 151 E/02)

(Text with EEA relevance)

COM(2002) 44 final — 2002/0035(CNS)

(Submitted by the Commission on 30 January 2002)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Community, and in particular article 175 paragraph 1,
in
conjunction with article 300 paragraph 2, first sentence of
the first subparagraph thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament,

Whereas:

(1) Acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone cause
unacceptable damage to the environment and human
health within the Community.

(2) On 30 November 1999 the Executive Body to the
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
adopted the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication
the
and Ground-level Ozone in Gothenburg (Sweden);
Gothenburg Protocol sets maximum permitted levels of
emissions (emission ceilings) for each national Party for
the four main precursor pollutants responsible for acidifi-
cation, eutrophication and ground-level ozone: sulphur,
compounds and
oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic
ammonia; these ceilings are to be met by 2010.

(3) Implementation of the Protocol will contribute to achieving
Community goals for protection of the environment and
human health.

which are equal to or more ambitious than those required
by the Gothenburg Protocol for each Member State.

(5) Directive 2001/80/EC (2) on the limitation of emissions of
certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants
sets new limit values for emissions from this sector which
are consistent with those set under the Protocol.

(6) The Community,

in consequence, should accede to the
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Trans-
boundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophi-
cation and Ground-Level Ozone,

HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

The European Community shall accede to the Protocol to the
1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level
Ozone.

The text of the Protocol
Decision.

is contained in the Annex to this

Article 2

The President of the Council is hereby authorised to designate
the person or persons empowered to deposit the instrument of
accession with the Secretary General of the United Nations, in
accordance with Article 16 of the Protocol.

Article 3

(4) Directive 2001/81/EC (1) on National Emission Ceilings sets
to be met by 2010

binding national emission ceilings,

This Decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the
European Communities.

(1) OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 22.

(2) OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 1.

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PROTOCOL TO THE 1979 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR
POLLUTION TO ABATE ACIDIFICATION, EUTROPHICATION AND GROUND-LEVEL OZONE

THE PARTIES,

DETERMINED to implement the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution,

AWARE that nitrogen oxides, sulphur, volatile organic compounds and reduced nitrogen compounds have
been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment,

CONCERNED that critical loads of acidification, critical loads of nutrient nitrogen and critical levels of ozone
for human health and vegetation are still exceeded in many areas of the United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe's region,

CONCERNED ALSO that emitted nitrogen oxides, sulphur and volatile organic compounds, as well as
secondary pollutants such as ozone and the reaction products of ammonia, are transported in the
atmosphere over long distances and may have adverse transboundary effects,

RECOGNIZING that emissions from Parties within the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe's
region contribute to air pollution on the hemispheric and global scales, and recognizing the potential for
transport between continents and the need for further study with regard to that potential,

RECOGNIZING ALSO that Canada and the United States of America are bilaterally negotiating reductions of
emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds to address the transboundary ozone effect,

RECOGNIZING FURTHERMORE that Canada will undertake further reductions of emissions of sulphur by
2010 through the implementation of the Canada-wide Acid Rain Strategy for Post-2000, and that the
United States is committed to the implementation of a nitrogen oxides reduction programme in the eastern
United States and to the reduction in emissions necessary to meet its national ambient air quality standards
for particulate matter,

RESOLVED to apply a multi-effect, multi-pollutant approach to preventing or minimizing the exceedances
of critical loads and levels,

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the emissions from certain existing activities and installations responsible for
present air pollution levels and the development of future activities and installations,

AWARE that techniques and management practices are available to reduce emissions of these substances,

RESOLVED to take measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize emissions of these substances, taking into
account the application of the precautionary approach as set forth in principle 15 of the Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development,

REAFFIRMING that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of
international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental
and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or
control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national
jurisdiction,

CONSCIOUS of the need for a cost-effective regional approach to combating air pollution that takes account
of the variations in effects and abatement costs between countries,

NOTING the important contribution of the private and non-governmental sectors to knowledge of the
effects associated with these substances and available abatement techniques, and their role in assisting in
the reduction of emissions to the atmosphere,

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BEARING IN MIND that measures taken to reduce emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and
volatile organic compounds should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a
disguised restriction on international competition and trade,

TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION best available scientific and technical knowledge and data on emissions,
atmospheric processes and effects on human health and the environment of these substances, as well as on
abatement costs, and acknowledging the need to improve this knowledge and to continue scientific and
technical cooperation to further understanding of these issues,

NOTING that under the Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Trans-
boundary Fluxes, adopted at Sofia on 31 October 1988, and the Protocol concerning the Control of
Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes, adopted at Geneva on
18 November 1991, there is already provision to control emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile
organic compounds, and that the technical annexes to both those Protocols already contain technical
guidance for reducing these emissions,

NOTING ALSO that under the Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, adopted at Oslo on
14 June 1994, there is already provision to reduce sulphur emissions in order to contribute to the
abatement of acid deposition by diminishing the exceedances of critical sulphur depositions, which
have been derived from critical
loads of acidity according to the contribution of oxidized sulphur
compounds to the total acid deposition in 1990,

NOTING FURTHERMORE that this Protocol is the first agreement under the Convention to deal specifically
with reduced nitrogen compounds,

BEARING IN MIND that reducing the emissions of these substances may provide additional benefits for the
control of other pollutants, including in particular transboundary secondary particulate aerosols, which
contribute to human health effects associated with exposure to airborne particulates,

BEARING IN MIND ALSO the need to avoid, in so far as possible, taking measures for the achievement of the
objectives of this Protocol that aggravate other health and environment-related problems,

NOTING that measures taken to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia should involve
consideration of the full biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and, so far as possible, not increase emissions of
reactive nitrogen including nitrous oxide which could aggravate other nitrogen-related problems,

AWARE that methane and carbon monoxide emitted by human activities contribute, in the presence of
nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, to the formation of tropospheric ozone, and

AWARE ALSO of the commitments that Parties have assumed under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

Definitions

For the purposes of the present Protocol,

1.

‘Convention’ means the Convention on Long-range Trans-
boundary Air
on
13 November 1979;

at Geneva

Pollution,

adopted

2.

3.

4.

‘EMEP’ means the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring
and Evaluation of Long-range Transmission of Air
Pollutants in Europe;

the
‘Executive Body’ means
Convention constituted under article 10, paragraph 1, of
the Convention;

the Executive Body for

‘Commission’ means
Commission for Europe;

the United Nations

Economic

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5.

‘Parties’ means, unless the context otherwise requires, the
Parties to the present Protocol;

whether a modification is substantial or not, taking into
account such factors as the environmental benefits of the
modification.

6.

the Protocol

‘Geographical scope of EMEP’ means the area defined in
article 1, paragraph 4, of
to the 1979
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme
for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Trans-
mission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), adopted at
Geneva on 28 September 1984;

7.

‘Emission’ means the release of a substance from a point or
diffuse source into the atmosphere;

8.

‘Nitrogen oxides’ means nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide,
expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2);

Article 2

Objective

The objective of the present Protocol is to control and reduce
emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile
organic compounds that are caused by anthropogenic activities
and are likely to cause adverse effects on human health, natural
ecosystems, materials and crops, due to acidification, eutrophi-
cation or ground-level ozone as a result of long-range trans-
boundary atmospheric transport, and to ensure, as far as
possible, that in the long term and in a stepwise approach,
taking into account advances in scientific knowledge, atmos-
pheric depositions or concentrations do not exceed:

9.

‘Reduced nitrogen compounds’ means ammonia and its
reaction products;

(a) For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP and
Canada, the critical loads of acidity, as described in annex I;

10.

‘Sulphur’ means all sulphur compounds, expressed as
sulphur dioxide (SO2);

(b) For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP, the
critical loads of nutrient nitrogen, as described in annex I;
and

11.

‘Volatile organic compounds’, or ‘VOCs’, means, unless
otherwise specified, all organic compounds of an anthro-
pogenic nature, other than methane, that are capable of
producing photochemical oxidants by reaction with
nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight;

12.

‘Critical load’ means a quantitative estimate of an exposure
to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful
effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment
do not occur, according to present knowledge;

13.

‘Critical levels’ means concentrations of pollutants in the
atmosphere
effects on
receptors, such as human beings, plants, ecosystems or
materials, may occur, according to present knowledge;

above which direct

adverse

14.

‘Pollutant emissions management area’, or ‘PEMA’, means
an area designated in annex III under the conditions laid
down in article 3, paragraph 9;

15.

‘Stationary source’ means any fixed building, structure,
facility, installation or equipment that emits or may emit
sulphur, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds or
ammonia directly or indirectly into the atmosphere;

16.

‘New stationary source’ means any stationary source of
which the construction or
substantial modification is
commenced after the expiry of one year from the date
of entry into force of the present Protocol. It shall be a
matter for the competent national authorities to decide

(c) For ozone:

(i) For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP, the

critical levels of ozone, as given in annex I;

(ii) For Canada, the Canada-wide Standard for ozone; and

(iii) For

the United States of America,

the National

Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone.

Article 3

Basic obligations

Each Party having an emission ceiling in any table in
1.
annex II shall
reduce and maintain the reduction in its
annual emissions in accordance with that ceiling and the time-
scales specified in that annex. Each Party shall, as a minimum,
control
in
accordance with the obligations in annex II.

its annual emissions of polluting compounds

2.
Each Party shall apply the limit values specified in
annexes IV, V and VI to each new stationary source within a
stationary source category as identified in those annexes, no
later than the timescales specified in annex VII. As an alter-
native,
emission reduction
strategies that achieve equivalent overall emission levels for
all source categories together.

a Party may apply different

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Each Party shall, in so far as it is technically and econ-
3.
omically feasible and taking into consideration the costs and
advantages, apply the limit values specified in annexes IV, V
and VI to each existing stationary source within a stationary
source category as identified in those annexes, no later than the
timescales specified in annex VII. As an alternative, a Party may
apply different emission reduction strategies
that achieve
equivalent overall emission levels for all source categories
for Parties outside the geographical scope of
together or,
regional
that are necessary to achieve national or
EMEP,
goals for acidification abatement and to meet national air
quality standards.

Limit values for new and existing boilers and process
4.
input exceeding 50 MWth and
heaters with a rated thermal
new heavy-duty vehicles shall be evaluated by the Parties at a
session of the Executive Body with a view to amending annexes
IV, V and VIII no later than two years after the date of entry
into force of the present Protocol.

5.
Each Party shall apply the limit values for the fuels and
new mobile sources identified in annex VIII, no later than the
timescales specified in annex VII.

6.
Each Party should apply best available techniques to
mobile sources and to each new or existing stationary
to V
taking into account guidance documents
source,
adopted by the Executive Body at
its seventeenth session
(decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto.

I

7.
Each Party shall take appropriate measures based,
inter
alia, on scientific and economic criteria to reduce emissions
of volatile organic compounds associated with the use of
products not included in annex VI or VIII. The Parties shall,
no later than at the second session of the Executive Body after
the entry into force of the present Protocol, consider with a
view to adopting an annex on products, including criteria for
limit values for the volatile
the selection of such products,
included in
organic compound content of products not
annex VI or VIII, as well as timescales for the application of
the limit values.

8.

Each Party shall, subject to paragraph 10:

(a) Apply, as a minimum,

the ammonia control measures

specified in annex IX; and

(b) Apply, where it considers it appropriate, best available
techniques
ammonia
emissions, as listed in guidance document V adopted by
the Executive Body at
its seventeenth session (decision
1999/1) and any amendments thereto.

preventing

reducing

and

for

9.

Paragraph 10 shall apply to any Party:

(a) Whose total
kilometres;

land area is greater than 2 million square

(b) Whose annual emissions of

sulphur, nitrogen oxides,
ammonia and/or volatile organic compounds contributing
to acidification, eutrophication or ozone formation in areas
under
the jurisdiction of one or more other Parties
originate predominantly from within an area under its
is listed as a PEMA in annex III, and
jurisdiction that
which has presented documentation in accordance with
subparagraph (c) to this effect;

(c) Which

has

submitted

ratification,
upon
acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present
Protocol a description of the geographical scope of one
or more PEMAs
for one or more pollutants, with
supporting documentation, for inclusion in annex III; and

signature,

(d) Which has specified upon signature, ratification, acceptance
its
or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol
intention to act in accordance with this paragraph.

10.

A Party to which this paragraph applies shall:

(a)

If within the geographical scope of EMEP, be required to
comply with the provisions of this article and annex II only
within the relevant PEMA for each pollutant for which a
PEMA within its jurisdiction is included in annex III; or

(b) If not within the geographical scope of EMEP, be required
to comply with the provisions of paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
and 7 and annex II, only within the relevant PEMA for each
pollutant (nitrogen oxides, sulphur and/or volatile organic
compounds) for which a PEMA within its jurisdiction is
included in annex III, and shall not be required to
comply with paragraph 8 anywhere within its jurisdiction.

11.
Canada and the United States of America shall, upon
their ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to,
to the Executive Body their
the present Protocol, submit
to
respective emission reduction commitments with respect
sulphur, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds for
automatic incorporation into annex II.

12.
The Parties shall, subject to the outcome of the first
review provided for under article 10, paragraph 2, and no
review,
later
commence negotiations on further obligations
to reduce
emissions.

completion of

than one

after

year

that

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Article 4

Exchange of information and technology

(c) Management options for wastes containing volatile organic

compounds that are generated by the public;

Each Party shall,

1.
in a manner consistent with its laws,
regulations and practices and in accordance with its obligations
in the present Protocol, create favourable conditions
to
facilitate the exchange of information, technologies and tech-
niques, with the aim of reducing emissions of sulphur, nitrogen
compounds by
oxides,
promoting inter alia:

volatile organic

ammonia

and

(a) The development and updating of databases on best
including those that increase energy
low-emission burners and good environmental

available techniques,
efficiency,
practice in agriculture;

(d) Good agricultural practices

to reduce

emissions of

ammonia;

(e) Health and environmental effects associated with the

pollutants covered by the present Protocol; and

(f) Steps which individuals and industries may take to help
reduce emissions of the pollutants covered by the present
Protocol.

Article 6

(b) The exchange of information and experience in the devel-

opment of less polluting transport systems;

Strategies, policies, programmes, measures and
information

(c) Direct industrial contacts and cooperation, including joint

ventures; and

Each Party shall, as necessary and on the basis of sound
to facilitate the

1.
scientific and economic criteria,
implementation of its obligations under article 3:

in order

(d) The provision of technical assistance.

(a) Adopt

2.
In promoting the activities specified in paragraph 1, each
Party shall create favourable conditions for the facilitation of
contacts and cooperation among appropriate organizations and
individuals in the private and public sectors that are capable of
providing
services,
design and
equipment or finance.

technology,

engineering

Article 5

Public awareness

Each Party shall,

1.
regulations
information to the general public,

in a manner consistent with its laws,
of
the
including information on:

provision

practices,

promote

and

(a) National annual emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides,
ammonia and volatile organic compounds and progress
towards compliance with the national emission ceilings
or other obligations referred to in article 3;

(b) Depositions and concentrations of the relevant pollutants
and, where applicable, these depositions and concentrations
in relation to critical loads and levels referred to in article 2;

(c) Levels of tropospheric ozone; and

(d) Strategies and measures applied or to be applied to reduce
air pollution problems dealt with in the present Protocol
and set out in article 6.

2.
Furthermore, each Party may make information widely
available to the public with a view to minimizing emissions,
including information on:

(a) Less polluting fuels, renewable energy and energy effi-

ciency, including their use in transport;

(b) Volatile

organic

compounds

in products,

including

labelling;

supporting strategies, policies and programmes
the present Protocol enters

without undue delay after
into force for it;

(b) Apply measures to control and reduce its emissions of
sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic
compounds;

(c) Apply measures to encourage the increase of energy effi-

ciency and the use of renewable energy;

(d) Apply measures to decrease the use of polluting fuels;

(e) Develop and introduce less polluting transport systems and
promote traffic management systems to reduce overall
emissions from road traffic;

(f) Apply measures to encourage the development and intro-
duction of
low-polluting processes and products, taking
into account guidance documents I to V adopted by the
Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1)
and any amendments thereto;

(g) Encourage

implementation
the
to reduce emissions,
and the use of

of management
including voluntary
programmes
programmes,
instruments,
taking into account guidance document VI adopted by
the Executive Body at
its seventeenth session (decision
1999/1) and any amendments thereto;

economic

(h) Implement and further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as the
imper-
progressive reduction or phasing-out of market
fections,
tax and duty exemptions and
subsidies in all sectors that emit sulphur, nitrogen oxides,
ammonia and volatile organic compounds which run
counter
the Protocol, and apply
market instruments; and

to the objective of

incentives,

fiscal

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(i) apply measures, where cost-effective, to reduce emissions
organic

containing

products

volatile

from waste
compounds.

2.

Each Party shall collect and maintain information on:

(a) Actual levels of emissions of sulphur, nitrogen compounds
and volatile organic compounds, and of ambient concen-
trations and depositions of these compounds and ozone,
taking
Parties within the
geographical scope of EMEP, the work plan of EMEP; and

into account,

those

for

(b) The effects of ambient concentrations and of the deposition
of
organic
compounds and ozone on human health, terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems and materials.

compounds,

nitrogen

sulphur,

volatile

Any Party may take more stringent measures than those

3.
required by the present Protocol.

Article 7

Reporting

Subject to its laws and regulations and in accordance

1.
with its obligations under the present Protocol:

(a) each Party shall report, through the Executive Secretary of
the Commission, to the Executive Body, on a periodic basis
as determined by the Parties at a session of the Executive
Body,
information on the measures that it has taken to
implement the present Protocol. Moreover:

(i) where a Party applies different emission reduction
strategies under article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3, it shall
document
the strategies applied and its compliance
with the requirements of those paragraphs;

(ii) where a Party judges certain limit values, as specified in
to be
accordance with article 3, paragraph 3, not
technically and economically feasible,
taking into
consideration the costs and advantages, it shall report
and justify this;

(b) each Party within the geographical scope of EMEP shall
report, through the Executive Secretary of the Commission,
to EMEP, on a periodic basis to be determined by the
Steering Body of EMEP and approved by the Parties at a
session of the Executive Body, the following information:

(i) levels of

emissions of

sulphur, nitrogen oxides,
ammonia and volatile organic compounds using, as a
minimum, the methodologies and the temporal and
spatial resolution specified by the Steering Body of
EMEP;

(ii) levels of emissions of each substance in the reference
and

same methodologies

year
(1990) using the
temporal and spatial resolution;

(iii) data on projected emissions and current reduction

plans; and

(iv) where it deems it appropriate, any exceptional circum-
stances justifying emissions that are temporarily higher
than the ceilings established for it for one or more
pollutants; and

(c) parties in areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP
shall make available information similar to that specified
in subparagraph (b), if requested to do so by the Executive
Body.

The information to be reported in accordance with
2.
paragraph 1 (a)
shall be in conformity with a decision
regarding format and content to be adopted by the Parties at
a session of the Executive Body. The terms of this decision shall
be reviewed as necessary to identify any additional elements
regarding the format or the content of the information that is
to be included in the reports.

In good time before each annual session of the Executive

3.
Body, EMEP shall provide information on:

(a) Ambient concentrations and depositions of sulphur and
nitrogen compounds as well as, where available, ambient
concentrations of volatile organic compounds and ozone;
and

(b) Calculations of sulphur and oxidized and reduced nitrogen
long-range

information on the

budgets and relevant
transport of ozone and its precursors.

Parties in areas outside the geographical scope of EMEP shall
make available similar information if requested to do so by the
Executive Body.

4.
The Executive Body shall, in accordance with article 10,
paragraph 2 (b), of the Convention, arrange for the preparation
of information on the effects of depositions of sulphur and
nitrogen compounds and concentrations of ozone.

for

The Parties shall, at sessions of

5.
the Executive Body,
arrange for the preparation, at regular intervals, of revised
information on calculated and internationally optimized allo-
the States within the
cations of emission reductions
geographical
scope of EMEP, using integrated assessment
models, including atmospheric transport models, with a view
to reducing further, for the purposes of article 3, paragraph 1,
the difference between actual depositions of sulphur and
load values as well as the
nitrogen compounds and critical
difference between actual ozone
concentrations and the
critical levels of ozone specified in annex I, or such alternative
assessment methods as approved by the Parties at a session of
the Executive Body.

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Article 8

Research, development and monitoring

(h) Emission abatement

technologies, and technologies and
techniques to improve energy efficiency, energy conser-
vation and the use of renewable energy;

The Parties shall encourage research, development, monitoring
and cooperation related to:

(a) The international harmonization of methods for the calcu-
lation and assessment of the adverse effects associated with
the substances addressed by the present Protocol for use in
establishing critical loads and critical levels and, as appro-
priate,
the elaboration of procedures for such harmon-
ization;

(b) The improvement of emission databases, in particular those

on ammonia and volatile organic compounds;

the modelling of

(c) The improvement of monitoring techniques and systems
and of
transport, concentrations and
depositions of sulphur, nitrogen compounds and volatile
organic compounds, as well as of the formation of ozone
and secondary particulate matter;

(i) The efficacy of ammonia control techniques for farms and

their impact on local and regional deposition;

(j) The management of

and promotion of

transport demand and the devel-
less-polluting modes of

opment
transport;

(k) The

quantification

economic
and, where
evaluation of benefits for the environment and human
health resulting from the reduction of emissions of
sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic
compounds; and

possible,

(l) The development of tools for making the methods and

results of this work widely applicable and available.

Article 9

Compliance

(d) The improvement of the scientific understanding of the
long-term fate of emissions and their impact on the hemis-
pheric background concentrations of sulphur, nitrogen,
volatile organic compounds, ozone and particulate matter,
focusing, in particular, on the chemistry of the free tropo-
sphere and the potential
flow of
for
pollutants;

intercontinental

Compliance by each Party with its obligations under
the
present Protocol shall be reviewed regularly. The Implemen-
tation Committee established by decision 1997/2 of
the
Executive Body at its fifteenth session shall carry out such
reviews and report
the
Executive Body in accordance with the terms of the annex to
that decision, including any amendments thereto.

to the Parties at a session of

(e) The further elaboration of an overall strategy to reduce the
adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and photo-
chemical pollution,
including synergisms and combined
effects;

loads and critical

(f) Strategies for the further reduction of emissions of sulphur,
nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds
levels as well as on
based on critical
technical developments, and the improvement of integrated
assessment modelling to calculate internationally optimized
allocations of emission reductions taking into account the
for any Party. Special
need to avoid excessive costs
emphasis should be given to emissions from agriculture
and transport;

(g) The identification of trends over time and the scientific
understanding of the wider effects of sulphur, nitrogen
and volatile organic
and photochemical
compounds
pollution on human health,
including their contribution
to concentrations of particulate matter, the environment,
in particular acidification and eutrophication, and materials,
especially historic and cultural monuments,
taking into
account the relationship between sulphur oxides, nitrogen
oxides,
and
ammonia,
tropospheric ozone;

compounds

organic

volatile

Article 10

Reviews by the Parties at sessions of the Executive Body

The Parties shall, at sessions of

the Executive Body,
1.
pursuant to article 10, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention,
review the information supplied by the Parties, EMEP and
the data on the
subsidiary bodies of
effects of concentrations and depositions of
sulphur and
nitrogen compounds and of photochemical pollution as well
as the reports of the Implementation Committee referred to in
article 9 above.

the Executive Body,

2. (a) The Parties shall, at sessions of the Executive Body, keep
in the present

under review the obligations set out
Protocol, including:

(i) Their obligations in relation to their calculated and
internationally optimized allocations of emission
reductions referred to in article 7, paragraph 5,
above; and

(ii) The adequacy of the obligations and the progress
made towards the achievement of the objective of
the present Protocol;

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(b) Reviews

shall

take into account

the best available
scientific information on the effects of acidification,
including
eutrophication and photochemical pollution,
assessments of all relevant health effects, critical
levels
and loads, the development and refinement of integrated
assessment models,
developments,
changing economic conditions, progress made on the
databases on emissions and abatement
techniques,
especially related to ammonia and volatile organic
compounds, and the fulfilment of the obligations on
emission levels;

technological

(c) The procedures, methods and timing for such reviews
shall be specified by the Parties at a session of the
Executive Body. The first such review shall commence
no later than one year after the present Protocol enters
into force.

Article 11

Settlement of disputes

In the event of a dispute between any two or more
1.
Parties concerning the interpretation or application of
the
present Protocol, the parties concerned shall seek a settlement
of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means
of their own choice. The parties to the dispute shall inform the
Executive Body of their dispute.

2. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the
present Protocol, or at any time thereafter, a Party which is not
a regional economic integration organization may declare in a
written instrument submitted to the Depositary that, in respect
of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of
the Protocol, it recognizes one or both of the following means
of dispute settlement as compulsory ipso facto and without
special agreement,
in relation to any Party accepting the
same obligation:

(a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of

Justice;

(b) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted
by the Parties at a session of the Executive Body, as soon as
practicable, in an annex on arbitration.

A Party which is a regional economic integration organization
may make a declaration with like effect in relation to arbi-
tration in accordance with the procedures referred to in
subparagraph (b).

3.
A declaration made under paragraph 2 shall remain in
force until it expires in accordance with its terms or until three
revocation has been
months after written notice of
deposited with the Depositary.

its

4.
A new declaration, a notice of revocation or the expiry of
a declaration shall not in any way affect proceedings pending

before the International Court of Justice or the arbitral tribunal,
unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise.

same means of dispute

Except in a case where the parties to a dispute have
5.
accepted the
settlement under
paragraph 2, if after twelve months following notification by
one party to another that a dispute exists between them, the
parties concerned have not been able to settle their dispute
through the means mentioned in paragraph 1, the dispute
shall be submitted, at the request of any of the parties to the
dispute, to conciliation.

a

For

the purpose of paragraph 5,

conciliation
6.
commission shall be
commission shall be
created. The
composed of an equal number of members appointed by
each party concerned or, where parties in conciliation share
the same interest, by the group sharing that interest, and a
chairperson chosen jointly by the members so appointed.
The
render a recommendatory award,
which the parties to the dispute shall consider in good faith.

commission shall

Article 12

Annexes

The annexes to the present Protocol shall form an integral part
of the Protocol.

Article 13

Amendments and adjustments

1.
Any Party may propose amendments to the present
Protocol. Any Party to the Convention may propose an
adjustment to annex II to the present Protocol to add to it
its name, together with emission levels, emission ceilings and
percentage emission reductions.

and

Proposed

adjustments

amendments

be
shall
2.
submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of
the
Commission, who shall communicate them to all Parties. The
Parties shall discuss the proposed amendments and adjustments
at the next session of the Executive Body, provided that those
proposals have been circulated by the Executive Secretary to
the Parties at least ninety days in advance.

to

the
II

Protocol,

to annexes

Amendments

present
to IX,

including
3.
amendments
shall be adopted by
consensus of the Parties present at a session of the Executive
Body, and shall enter into force for the Parties which have
accepted them on the ninetieth day after the date on which
two thirds of the Parties have deposited with the Depositary
their instruments of acceptance thereof. Amendments shall
enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day
after the date on which that Party has deposited its instrument
of acceptance thereof.

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Amendments to the annexes to the present Protocol,
4.
other than to the annexes referred to in paragraph 3, shall
be adopted by consensus of the Parties present at a session
of the Executive Body. On the expiry of ninety days from
the date of its communication to all Parties by the Executive
Secretary of
to any such
the Commission, an amendment
annex shall become effective for those Parties which have
not submitted to the Depositary a notification in accordance
with the provisions of paragraph 5, provided that at least
sixteen Parties have not submitted such a notification.

5.
Any Party that is unable to approve an amendment to an
annex, other than to an annex referred to in paragraph 3, shall
so notify the Depositary in writing within ninety days from the
date of the communication of its adoption. The Depositary
shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification
received. A Party may at any time substitute an acceptance for
its previous notification and, upon deposit of an instrument of
acceptance with the Depositary, the amendment to such an
annex shall become effective for that Party.

6.
Adjustments to annex II shall be adopted by consensus of
the Parties present at a session of the Executive Body and shall
become effective for all Parties to the present Protocol on the
ninetieth day following the date on which the Executive
Secretary of the Commission notifies those Parties in writing
of the adoption of the adjustment.

Article 14

Signature

consultative

as States having

1.
The present Protocol shall be open for signature at
Gothenburg (Sweden) on 30 November and 1 December
1999,
then at United Nations Headquarters in New York
until 30 May 2000, by States members of the Commission
status with the
as well
Commission, pursuant
to paragraph 8 of Economic and
Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of 28 March 1947, and by
regional economic integration organizations, constituted by
sovereign States members of
the Commission, which have
the negotiation, conclusion and
competence in respect of
application of international agreements in matters covered by
the Protocol, provided that
the States and organizations
concerned are Parties to the Convention and are listed in
annex II.

competence,

integration organizations

In matters within their

such regional
2.
economic
shall, on their own
behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which
the present Protocol attributes to their member States. In such
cases, the member States of these organizations shall not be
entitled to exercise such rights individually.

The present Protocol shall be open for accession as from
2.
31 May 2000 by the States and organizations that meet the
requirements of article 14, paragraph 1.

The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or

3.
accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.

Article 16

Depositary

The Secretary-General of
Depositary.

the United Nations shall be the

Article 17

Entry into force

The present Protocol shall enter

1.
into force on the
ninetieth day following the date on which the sixteenth
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
has been deposited with the Depositary.

For

each State

and organization that meets

2.
the
requirements of article 14, paragraph 1, which ratifies,
accepts or approves the present Protocol or accedes thereto
after the deposit of the sixteenth instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession,
the Protocol shall enter
into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit
by such Party of
its instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession.

Article 18

Withdrawal

At any time after five years from the date on which the present
Protocol has come into force with respect to a Party, that Party
may withdraw from it by giving written notification to the
take effect on the
Depositary. Any such withdrawal shall
ninetieth day following the date of
receipt by the
its
Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the
notification of the withdrawal.

Article 19

Authentic texts

The original of the present Protocol, of which the English,
French and Russian texts are equally authentic,
shall be
deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 15

Ratification, acceptance, approval and accession

In witness whereof
thereto, have signed the present Protocol.

the undersigned, being duly authorized

The present Protocol shall be subject

1.
acceptance or approval by Signatories.

to ratification,

Done at Gothenburg (Sweden), this thirtieth day of November
one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine.

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ANNEX I

CRITICAL LOADS AND LEVELS

I. CRITICAL LOADS OF ACIDITY

A. For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP

1. Critical loads (as defined in article 1) of acidity for ecosystems are determined in accordance with the Convention's
Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical
levels/loads and geographical areas where they are
exceeded. They are the maximum amount of acidifying deposition an ecosystem can tolerate in the long term
without being damaged. Critical loads of acidity in terms of nitrogen take account of within-ecosystem nitrogen
removal processes (e. g. uptake by plants). Critical loads of acidity in terms of sulphur do not. A combined sulphur
and nitrogen critical
load of acidity considers nitrogen only when the nitrogen deposition is greater than the
ecosystem nitrogen removal processes. All critical loads reported by Parties are summarized for use in the integrated
assessment modelling employed to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II.

B. For Parties in North America

2. For eastern Canada, critical sulphur plus nitrogen loads for forested ecosystems have been determined with scientific
methodologies and criteria (1997 Canadian Acid Rain Assessment) similar to those in the Convention's Manual on
methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. Eastern
load values (as defined in article 1) of acidity are for sulphate in precipitation expressed in
Canada critical
kg/ha/year. Alberta in western Canada, where deposition levels are currently below the environmental limits, has
adopted the generic critical load classification systems used for soils in Europe for potential acidity. Potential acidity
is defined by subtracting the total (both wet and dry) deposition of base cations from that of sulphur and nitrogen.
In addition to critical loads for potential acidity, Alberta has established target and monitoring loads for managing
acidifying emissions.

3. For the United States of America, the effects of acidification are evaluated through an assessment of the sensitivity
of ecosystems, the total loading within ecosystems of acidifying compounds, and the uncertainty associated with
nitrogen removal processes within ecosystems.

4. These loads and effects are used in integrated assessment modelling and provide guidance for setting the emission

ceilings and/or reductions for Canada and the United States of America in annex II.

II. CRITICAL LOADS OF NUTRIENT NITROGEN

For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP

5. Critical

loads (as defined in article 1) of nutrient nitrogen (eutrophication) for ecosystems are determined in
accordance with the Convention's Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical
levels/loads and
geographical areas where they are exceeded. They are the maximum amount of eutrophying nitrogen deposition
loads reported by Parties are
an ecosystem can tolerate in the long term without being damaged. All critical
summarized for use in the integrated assessment modelling employed to provide guidance for setting the
emission ceilings in annex II.

III. CRITICAL LEVELS OF OZONE

A. For Parties within the geographical scope of EMEP

6. Critical levels (as defined in article 1) of ozone are determined to protect plants in accordance with the Convention's
Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical
levels/loads and geographical areas where they are
exceeded. They are expressed as a cumulative exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 ppb (parts per
billion by volume). This exposure index is referred to as AOT40 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of
40 ppb). The AOT40 is calculated as the sum of the differences between the hourly concentration (in ppb) and
40 ppb for each hour when the concentration exceeds 40 ppb.

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7. The long-term critical level of ozone for crops of an AOT40 of 3 000 ppb.hours for May-July (used as a typical
growing season) and for daylight hours was used to define areas at risk where the critical level is exceeded. A
specific reduction of exceedances was targeted in the integrated assessment modelling undertaken for the present
Protocol to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II. The long-term critical level of ozone for
crops is considered also to protect other plants such as trees and natural vegetation. Further scientific work is under
way to develop a more differentiated interpretation of exceedances of critical levels of ozone for vegetation.

8. A critical level of ozone for human health is represented by the WHO Air Quality Guideline level for ozone of
120 µg/m3 as an 8-hour average. In collaboration with the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe
(WHO/EURO), a critical level expressed as an AOT60 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 60 ppb), i. e.
120 µg/m3, calculated over one year, was adopted as a surrogate for the WHO Air Quality Guideline for the
purpose of integrated assessment modelling. This was used to define areas at risk where the critical
is
exceeded. A specific reduction of these exceedances was targeted in the integrated assessment modelling undertaken
for the present Protocol to provide guidance for setting the emission ceilings in annex II.

level

B. For Parties in North America

9. For Canada, critical levels of ozone are determined to protect human health and the environment and are used to
establish a Canada-wide Standard for ozone. The emission ceilings in annex II are defined according to the ambition
level required to achieve the Canada-wide Standard for ozone.

10. For the United States of America, critical levels of ozone are determined to protect public health with an adequate
margin of safety, to protect public welfare from any known or expected adverse effects, and are used to establish a
national ambient air quality standard. Integrated assessment modelling and the air quality standard are used in
providing guidance for setting the emission ceilings and/or reductions for the United States of America in annex II.

ANNEX II

EMISSION CEILINGS

The emission ceilings listed in the tables below relate to the provisions of article 3, paragraphs 1 and 10, of the present
Protocol. The 1980 and 1990 emission levels and the percentage emission reductions listed are given for information
purposes only.

Table 1: Emission ceilings for sulphur (thousands of tonnes of SO2 per year)

Party

Emission levels

Armenia

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada national (a)

PEMA (SOMA)

Croatia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

1980

141

400

740

828

2 050

4 643

3 135

150

2 257

450

584

3 208

7 514

400

1990

73

91

637

372

2 008

3 236

1 873

180

1 876

182

260

1 269

5 313

509

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

73

39

480

106

856

70

283

55

116

400

550

546

0 %

– 57 %

– 25 %

– 72 %

– 57 %

– 61 %

– 85 %

– 70 %

– 55 %

– 68 %

– 90 %

7 %

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Party

Emission levels

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Republic of Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation (b)

PEMA

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain (b)

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

1980

1 633

222

3 757

—

0,39

311

24

490

137

4 100

266

308

1 055

7 161

1 062

780

235

2 959

491

116

3 849

4 863

1990

1 010

178

1 651

119

0,15

222

15

202

53

3 210

362

265

1 311

4 460

1 133

543

194

2 182

119

43

2 782

3 731

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

550

42

500

107

0,11

145

4

50

22

1 397

170

135

918

635

110

27

774

67

26

1 457

625

– 46 %

– 76 %

– 70 %

– 10 %

– 27 %

– 35 %

– 73 %

– 75 %

– 58 %

– 56 %

– 53 %

– 49 %

– 30 %

– 44 %

– 80 %

– 86 %

– 65 %

– 44 %

– 40 %

– 48 %

– 83 %

United States of America (c)

European Community

26 456

16 436

4 059

– 75 %

(a) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, Canada shall submit an emission ceiling for
sulphur, either at a national level or for its PEMA, and will endeavour to provide a ceiling for 2010. The PEMA for sulphur will be the
sulphur oxides management area (SOMA) that was designated pursuant to annex III to the Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions adopted at Oslo on 14 June 1994 as the South-east Canada SOMA. This is an area of 1 million km2 which includes all the
territory of the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, all the territory of the province of Quebec south
of a straight line between Havre-St. Pierre on the north coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the point where the Quebec-Ontario
boundary intersects the James Bay coastline, and all the territory of the province of Ontario south of a straight line between the point
where the Ontario-Quebec boundary intersects the James Bay coastline and Nipigon River near the north shore of Lake Superior.

(b) Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.
(c) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for
inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources of sulphur to be applied
either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for sulphur for inclusion in annex III; (b) a value for total estimated
sulphur emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an indicative value for total sulphur emission levels for 2010,
either national or for the PEMA; and (d) associated estimates of the percentage reduction in sulphur emissions. Item (b) will be
included in the table and items (a), (c) and (d) will be included in a footnote to the table.

Table 2: Emission ceilings for nitrogen oxides (thousands of tonnes of NO2 per year)

Party

Emission levels 1990

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

Armenia

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bulgaria

46

194

285

339

361

46

107

255

181

266

0 %

– 45 %

– 11 %

– 47 %

– 26 %

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Party

Emission levels 1990

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

Canada (a)

Croatia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Republic of Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation (b)

PEMA

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain (b)

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States of America (c)

European Community

2 104

87

742

282

300

1 882

2 693

343

238

115

1 938

93

0,63

158

23

580

218

1 280

348

100

546

3 600

360

225

62

1 113

338

166

1 888

2 673

13 161

87

286

127

170

860

1 081

344

198

65

1 000

84

0,37

110

11

266

156

879

260

90

437

265

130

45

847

148

79

1 222

1 181

6 671

0 %

– 61 %

– 55 %

– 43 %

– 54 %

– 60 %

0 %

– 17 %

– 43 %

– 48 %

– 10 %

– 41 %

– 30 %

– 52 %

– 54 %

– 28 %

– 31 %

– 25 %

– 10 %

– 20 %

– 26 %

– 42 %

– 27 %

– 24 %

– 56 %

– 52 %

– 35 %

– 56 %

– 49 %

(a) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, Canada shall submit 1990 emission levels and
2010 emission ceilings for nitrogen oxides, either at a national level or for its PEMA for nitrogen oxides, if it has submitted one.

(b) Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.
(c) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for
inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources of nitrogen oxides to be
applied either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for nitrogen oxides for inclusion in annex III; (b) a value for
total estimated nitrogen oxide emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an indicative value for total nitrogen
oxide emission levels for 2010, either national or for the PEMA; and (d) associated estimates of the percentage reduction in nitrogen
(c) and (d) will be included in a footnote to the table.
oxide emissions. Item (b) will be included in the table and items (a),

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Table 3: Emission ceilings for ammonia (thousands of tonnes of NH3 per year)

Party

Emission levels 1990

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

Armenia

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Republic of Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation (a)

PEMA

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain (a)

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

European Community

(a) Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.

25

81

219

107

144

37

156

122

35

814

764

80

124

126

466

44

0,15

84

7

226

23

508

98

49

300

1 191

61

62

24

351

61

72

729

333

25

66

158

74

108

30

101

69

31

780

550

73

90

116

419

44

0,15

84

7

128

23

468

108

42

210

49

39

20

353

57

63

592

297

3 671

3 129

0 %

– 19 %

– 28 %

– 31 %

– 25 %

– 19 %

– 35 %

– 43 %

– 11 %

– 4 %

– 28 %

– 9 %

– 27 %

– 8 %

– 10 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

– 43 %

0 %

– 8 %

10 %

– 14 %

– 30 %

– 20 %

– 37 %

– 17 %

1 %

– 7 %

– 13 %

– 19 %

– 11 %

– 15 %

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Table 4: Emission ceilings for volatile organic compounds (thousands of tonnes of VOC per year)

Party

Emission levels 1990

Emission ceilings for
2010

Percentage emission
reductions for 2010
(base year 1990)

Armenia

Austria

Belarus

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada (a)

Croatia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Republic of Moldova

Romania

Russian Federation (b)

PEMA

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain (b)

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States of America (c)

European Community

81

351

533

324

217

2 880

105

435

178

209

2 957

3 195

373

205

197

2 213

152

1,56

103

20

502

310

831

640

157

616

3 566

203

149

42

1 094

526

292

1 369

2 555

15 353

81

159

309

144

185

90

220

85

130

1 100

995

261

137

55

1 159

136

0,86

92

9

191

195

800

202

100

523

165

140

40

669

241

144

797

1 200

6 600

0 %

– 55 %

– 42 %

– 56 %

– 15 %

– 14 %

– 49 %

– 52 %

– 38 %

– 63 %

– 69 %

– 30 %

– 33 %

– 72 %

– 48 %

– 11 %

– 45 %

– 11 %

– 55 %

– 62 %

– 37 %

– 4 %

– 68 %

– 36 %

– 15 %

– 19 %

– 6 %

– 5 %

– 39 %

– 54 %

– 51 %

– 42 %

– 53 %

– 57 %

(a) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, Canada shall submit 1990 emission levels and
2010 emission ceilings for volatile organic compounds, either at a national level or for its PEMA for volatile organic compounds, if it
has submitted one.

(b) Figures apply to the European part within the EMEP area.
(c) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide for
inclusion in this annex: (a) specific emission reduction measures applicable to mobile and stationary sources of volatile organic
compounds to be applied either nationally or within a PEMA if it has submitted a PEMA for volatile organic compounds for inclusion
in annex III; (b) a value for total estimated volatile organic compound emission levels for 1990, either national or for the PEMA; (c) an
indicative value for total volatile organic compound emission levels for 2010, either national or for the PEMA; and (d) associated
estimates of the percentage reduction in volatile organic compound emissions. Item (b) will be included in the table and items (a), (c)
and (d) will be included in a footnote to the table.

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DESIGNATED POLLUTANT EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT AREA (PEMA)

ANNEX III

The following PEMA is listed for the purpose of the present Protocol:

Russian Federation PEMA

This is the area of Murmansk oblast, the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad oblast (including St. Petersburg), Pskov oblast,
Novgorod oblast and Kaliningrad oblast. The boundary of the PEMA coincides with the State and administrative
boundaries of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

LIMIT VALUES FOR EMISSIONS OF SULPHUR FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

ANNEX IV

1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and

section C applies to the United States of America.

A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America

2. For the purpose of section A, except table 2 and paragraphs 11 and 12, limit value means the quantity of a gaseous
substance contained in the waste gases from an installation that is not to be exceeded. Unless otherwise specified, it
shall be calculated in terms of mass of pollutant per volume of the waste gases (expressed as mg/m3), assuming
standard conditions for temperature and pressure for dry gas (volume at 273,15 K, 101,3 kPa). With regard to the
oxygen content of the exhaust gas, the values given in the tables below for each source category shall apply.
Dilution for the purpose of lowering concentrations of pollutants in waste gases is not permitted. Start-up,
shutdown and maintenance of equipment are excluded.

3. Emissions shall be monitored (1)

in all cases. Compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of
type approval, or any other technically

verification can include continuous or discontinuous measurements,
sound method.

4. Sampling and analysis of pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement
system, shall be carried out in accordance with the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standard-
ization (CEN) or by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of
CEN or ISO standards, national standards shall apply.

5. Measurements of emissions should be carried out continuously when emissions of SO2 exceed 75 kg/h.

6. In the case of continuous measurement for new plant, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if the
calculated daily mean values do not exceed the limit value and if no hourly value exceeds the limit value by 100 %.

7. In the case of continuous measurements for existing plant, compliance with the emission standards is achieved if (a)
none of the monthly mean values exceeds the limit values; and (b) 97 % of all the 48-hour mean values do not
exceed 110 % of the limit values.

8. In the case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is
achieved if the mean value based on an appropriate number of measurements under representative conditions does
not exceed the value of the emission standard.

(1) Monitoring is to be understood as an overall activity, comprising measuring of emissions, mass balancing, etc. It can be carried out

continuously or discontinuously.

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9. Boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input exceeding 50 MWth:

Table 1: Limit values for SOx emissions released from boilers (a)

Thermal input
(MWth)

Limit value
(mg SO2/Nm3) (b)

Alternative for
domestic solid fuels
removal efficiency

90 % (d)

92 % (d)

95 % (d)

40 %

40-90 %
(linear increase)

90 %

Solid and liquid fuels, new installations

50-100

850

100-300

> 300

50-100

100-500

> 500

50-150

150-500

> 500

50-300

300-500

> 500

Solid fuels, existing installations

Liquid fuels, existing installations

Gaseous fuels in general, new and existing
installations

Liquefied gas, new and existing installations

Low-calorific-value gases (e. g. gasification of
refinery residues or combustion of coke oven
gas)

Blast-furnace gas

850 — 200 (c)
(linear decrease)

200 (c)

2 000

2 000 — 400
(linear decrease)

400

1 700

1 700 — 400
(linear decrease)

400

35

5

new 400 existing
800

new 200 existing
800

New combustion plant in refineries (average
of all new combustion installations)

> 50 (total
capacity)

refinery

600

combustion plant

Existing
in refineries
(average of all existing combustion instal-
lations)

(a) In particular, the limit values shall not apply to:

1 000

— Plant in which the products of combustion are used for direct heating, drying, or any other treatment of objects or materials,

e. g. reheating furnaces, furnaces for heat treatment;

— Post-combustion plant, i. e. any technical apparatus designed to purify the waste gases by combustion that is not operated as

an independent combustion plant;

— Facilities for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalysts;
— Facilities for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur;
— Reactors used in the chemical industry;
— Coke battery furnaces;
— Cowpers;
— Waste incinerators; and
— Plant powered by diesel, petrol or gas engines or by combustion turbines, irrespective of the fuel used.

(b) The O2 reference content is 6 % for solid fuels and 3 % for others.
(c) 400 with heavy fuel oil S < 0,25 %.
(d) If an installation reaches 300 mg/Nm3 SO2, it may be exempted from applying the removal efficiency.

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10. Gas oil:

Gas oil

Table 2: Limit values for the sulphur content of gas oil (a)

Sulphur content (per cent by weight)

< 0,2 after 1 July 2000

< 0,1 after 1 January 2008

(a) ‘Gas oil’ means any petroleum product within HS 2710, or any petroleum product which, by reason of its distillation limits, falls
within the category of middle distillates intended for use as fuel and of which at least 85 per cent by volume,
including
distillation losses, distils at 350 °C. Fuels used in on-road and non-road vehicles and agricultural tractors are excluded from this
definition. Gas oil intended for marine use is included in the definition if it meets the description above or it has a viscosity or
density falling within the ranges of viscosity or density defined for marine distillates in table I of ISO 8217 (1996).

11. Claus plant: for plant that produces more than 50 Mg of sulphur a day:

(a) Sulphur recovery 99,5 % for new plant;

(b) Sulphur recovery 97 % for existing plant.

12. Titanium dioxide production: in new and existing installations, discharges arising from digestion and calcination
steps in the manufacture of titanium dioxide shall be reduced to a value of not more than 10 kg of SO2 equivalent
per Mg of titanium dioxide produced.

B. Canada

13. Limit values for controlling emissions of sulphur dioxide from new stationary sources in the following stationary
source category will be determined on the basis of available information on control technology and levels including
limit values applied in other countries and the following document: Canada Gazette, Part I. Department of the
Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions — National Guidelines for New Stationary Sources. May 15,
1993. pp. 1633-1638.

C. United States of America

14. Limit values for controlling emissions of sulphur dioxide from new stationary sources in the following stationary

source categories are specified in the following documents:

1. Electric Utility Steam Generating Units — 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart D, and

Subpart Da;

2. Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Db, and Subpart Dc;

3. Sulphuric Acid Plants — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart H;

4. Petroleum Refineries — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J;

5. Primary Copper Smelters — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart P;

6. Primary Zinc Smelters — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Q;

7. Primary Lead Smelters — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart R;

8. Stationary Gas Turbines — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GG;

9. Onshore Natural Gas Processing — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart LLL;

10. Municipal Waste Combustors — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ea, and Subpart Eb; and

11. Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ec.

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LIMIT VALUES FOR EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

ANNEX V

1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and

section C applies to the United States of America.

A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America

2. For the purpose of section A, limit value means the quantity of a gaseous substance contained in the waste gases
from an installation that is not to be exceeded. Unless otherwise specified, it shall be calculated in terms of mass of
pollutant per volume of the waste gases (expressed as mg/m3), assuming standard conditions for temperature and
pressure for dry gas (volume at 273,15 K, 101,3 kPa). With regard to the oxygen content of exhaust gas, the
values given in the tables below for each source category shall apply. Dilution for the purpose of lowering
concentrations of pollutants in waste gases is not permitted. Limit values generally address NO together with
NO2, commonly named NOx, expressed as NO2. Start-up, shutdown and maintenance of equipment are excluded.

3. Emissions shall be monitored (1)

in all cases. Compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of
type approval, or any other technically

verification can include continuous or discontinuous measurements,
sound method.

4. Sampling and analysis of pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement
system, shall be carried out in accordance with the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standard-
ization (CEN) or by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of
CEN or ISO standards, national standards shall apply.

5. Measurements of emissions should be carried out continuously when emissions of NOx exceed 75 kg/h.

6. In the case of continuous measurements, except for existing combustion plant covered in table 1, compliance with
the emission standards is achieved if the calculated daily mean values do not exceed the limit value and if no hourly
value exceeds the limit value by 100 %.

7. In the case of continuous measurements for existing combustion plant covered in table 1, compliance with the
emission standards is achieved if (a) none of the monthly mean values exceeds the emission limit values; and (b)
95 % of all the 48-hour mean values do not exceed 110 % of the emission limit values.

8. In the case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is
achieved if the mean value based on an appropriate number of measurements under representative conditions does
not exceed the value of the emission standard.

9. Boilers and process heaters with a rated thermal input exceeding 50 MWth:

Table 1: Limit values for NOx emissions released from boilers (a)

Limit value (mg/Nm3) (b)

Solid fuels, new installations:

— Boilers 50-100 MWth

— Boilers 100-300 MWth

— Boilers > 300 MWth

Solid fuels, existing installations:

— Solid in general

— Solid with less than 10 % volatile compounds

Liquid fuels, new installations:

— Boilers 50-100 MWth

— Boilers 100-300 MWth

— Boilers > 300 MWth

400

300

200

650

1 300

400

300

200

(1) Monitoring is to be understood as an overall activity, comprising measuring of emissions, mass balancing, etc. It can be carried out

continuously or discontinuously.

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Liquid fuels, existing installations

Gaseous fuels, new installations:

Fuel: natural gas

— Boilers 50-300 MWth

— Boilers > 300 MWth

Fuel: all other gases

Gaseous fuels, existing installations

(a) In particular, the limit values shall not apply to:

Limit value (mg/Nm3) (b)

450

150

100

200

350

— Plant in which the products of combustion are used for direct heating, drying, or any other treatment of objects or materials,

e. g. reheating furnaces, furnaces for heat treatment;

— Post-combustion plant, i. e. any technical apparatus designed to purify the waste gases by combustion that is not operated as

an independent combustion plant;

— Facilities for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalysts;
— Facilities for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur;
— Reactors used in the chemical industry;
— Coke battery furnaces;
— Cowpers;
— Waste incinerators; and
— Plant powered by diesel, petrol or gas engines or by combustion turbines, irrespective of the fuel used.

(b) These values do not apply to boilers running less than 500 hours a year. The O2 reference content is 6 % for solid fuels and 3 %

for others.

10. Onshore combustion turbines with a rated thermal input exceeding 50 MWth: the NOx limit values expressed in
mg/Nm3 (with an O2 content of 15 %) are to be applied to a single turbine. The limit values in table 2 apply only
above 70 % load.

Table 2: Limit values for NOx emissions released from onshore combustion turbines

> 50 MWth (Thermal input at ISO conditions)

Limit value (mg/Nm3)

New installations, natural gas (a)

New installations, liquid fuels (c)

Existing installations, all fuels (d)

— Natural gas

— Liquid

50 (b)

120

150

200

(a) Natural gas is naturally occurring methane with not more than 20 % (by volume) of inerts and other constituents.
(b) 75 mg/Nm3 if:

— Combustion turbine used in a combined heat and power system; or
— Combustion turbine driving compressor for public gas grid supply.
For combustion turbines not falling into either of the above categories, but having an efficiency greater than 35 %, determined at
ISO base load conditions, the limit value shall be 50*n/35 where n is the combustion turbine efficiency expressed as a
percentage (and determined at ISO base load conditions).

(c) This limit value applies only to combustion turbines firing light and medium distillates.
(d) The limit values do not apply to combustion turbines running less than 150 hours a year.

11. Cement production:

Table 3: Limit values for NOx emissions released from cement production (a)

New installations (10 % O2)

— Dry kilns

— Other kilns

Existing installations (10 % O2)

Limit value (mg/Nm3)

500

800

1 200

(a) Installations for the production of cement clinker in rotary kilns with a capacity > 500 Mg/day or in other furnaces with a

capacity > 50 Mg/day.

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12. Stationary engines:

Table 4: Limit values for NOx emissions released from new stationary engines

Capacity, technique, fuel specification

Limit value (a) (mg/Nm3)

Spark ignition (= Otto) engines, 4-stroke, > 1 MWth

— Lean-burn engines

— All other engines

Compression ignition (= Diesel) engines, > 5 MWth

— Fuel: natural gas (jet ignition engines)

— Fuel: heavy fuel oil

— Fuel: diesel oil or gas oil

250

500

500

600

500

(a) These values do not apply to engines running less than 500 hours a year. The O2 reference content is 5 %.

13. Production and processing of metals:

Table 5: Limit values for NOx emissions released from primary iron and steel (a) production

Capacity, technique, fuel specification

New and existing sinter plant

Limit value (mg/Nm3)

400

(a) Production and processing of metals: metal ore roasting or sintering installations, installations for the production of pig iron or
steel (primary or secondary fusion) including continuous casting with a capacity exceeding 2,5 Mg/hour, installations for the
processing of ferrous metals (hot rolling mills > 20 Mg/hour of crude steel).

14. Nitric acid production:

Table 6: Limit values for NOx emissions released from nitric acid production excluding acid concentration units

Capacity, technique, fuel specification

Limit value (mg/Nm3)

— New installations

— Existing installations

350

450

B. Canada

15. Limit values for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from new stationary sources in the following
stationary source categories will be determined on the basis of available information on control technology and
levels including limit values applied in other countries and the following documents:

1. Canadian Council of Ministers of

the Environment

(CCME). National Emission Guidelines for Stationary

Combustion Turbines. December 1992. PN1072;

2. Canada Gazette, Part I. Department of the Environment. Thermal Power Generation Emissions — National

Guidelines for New Stationary Sources. May 15, 1993. pp. 1633-1638; and

3. CME. National Emission Guidelines for Cement Kilns. March 1998. PN1284.

16. Limit values for controlling emissions of NOx from new stationary sources in the following stationary source

categories are specified in the following documents:

C. United States of America

1. Coal-fired Utility Units — 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 76;

2. Electric Utility Steam Generating Units — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart D, and Subpart Da;

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3. Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units — 40 C.F.R. Part 60,

4. Subpart Db;

5. Nitric Acid Plants — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart G;

6. Stationary Gas Turbines — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart GG;

7. Municipal Waste Combustors — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ea, and Subpart Eb; and

8. Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Ec.

ANNEX VI

LIMIT VALUES FOR EMISSIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and

section C applies to the United States of America.

A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America

2. This section of the present annex covers the stationary sources of non-methane volatile organic compound
(NMVOC) emissions listed in paragraphs 8 to 21 below. Installations or parts of installations for research, devel-
opment and testing of new products and processes are not covered. Threshold values are given in the sector-specific
tables below. They generally refer to solvent consumption or emission mass flow. Where one operator carries out
several activities falling under the same subheading at
the solvent
consumption or emission mass flow of such activities are added together. If no threshold value is indicated, the
given limit value applies to all the installations concerned.

the same installation on the same site,

3. For the purpose of section A of the present annex:

1.

2.

3.

4.

‘Storage and distribution of petrol’ means the loading of trucks, railway wagons, barges and seagoing ships at
depots and mineral oil refinery dispatch stations, excluding vehicle refuelling at service stations covered by
relevant documents on mobile sources;

‘Adhesive coating’ means any process in which an adhesive is applied to a surface, with the exception of
adhesive coating and laminating associated with printing processes and wood and plastic lamination;

‘Wood and plastic lamination’ means any process to adhere together wood and/or plastic to produce laminated
products;

‘Coating processes’ means the application of metal and plastic surfaces to: passenger cars, truck cabins, trucks,
buses or wooden surfaces and covers any process in which a single or multiple application of a continuous film
of coating is laid onto:

(i) New vehicles defined (see below) as vehicles of category M1 and of category N1 insofar as they are coated

at the same installation as M1 vehicles;

(ii) Truck cabins, defined as the housing for the driver, and all integrated housing for the technical equipment

of category N2 and N3 vehicles;

(iii) Vans and trucks defined as category N1, N2 and N3 vehicles, but excluding truck cabins;

(iv) Buses defined as category M2 and M3 vehicles; and

(v) Other metallic and plastic surfaces including those of aeroplanes, ships, trains, etc., wooden surfaces,

textile, fabric, film and paper surfaces.

This source category does not include the coating of substrates with metals by electrophoretic or chemical
spraying techniques. If the coating process includes a step in which the same article is printed, that printing
step is considered part of the coating process. However, printing processes operated as a separate activity are
not included. In this definition:

— M1 vehicles are those used for the carriage of passengers and comprising not more than eight seats in

addition to the driver's seat;

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— M2 vehicles are those used for the carriage of passengers and comprising more than eight seats in addition

to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass not exceeding 5 Mg;

— M3 vehicles are those used for the carriage of passengers and comprising more than eight seats in addition

to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 Mg;

— N1 vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 3,5 Mg;

— N2 vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 Mg but

not exceeding 12 Mg;

— N3 vehicles are those used for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 Mg.

5.

‘Coil coating’ means any processes where coiled steel, stainless steel, coated steel, copper alloys or aluminium
strip is coated with either a film-forming or laminate coating in a continuous process;

6.

7.

‘Dry cleaning’ means any industrial or commercial process using VOCs in an installation to clean garments,
furnishings and similar consumer goods with the exception of the manual removal of stains and spots in the
textile and clothing industry;

‘Manufacturing of coatings, varnishes,
inks and adhesives’ means the manufacture of coating preparations,
varnishes, inks and adhesives, and of intermediates as far as they are produced in the same installation by
mixing pigments, resins and adhesive materials with organic solvents or other carriers. This category also
includes dispersion, predispersion, realization of a certain viscosity or colour and packing the final products in
containers;

8.

‘Printing’ means any process of reproduction of text and/or images in which, with the use of an image carrier,
ink is transferred onto a surface and applies to the following subprocesses:

(i) Flexography: a printing process using an image carrier of rubber or elastic photopolymers on which the

printing inks are above the non-printing areas, using liquid inks that dry through evaporation;

(ii) Heat set web offset: a web-fed printing process using an image carrier in which the printing and
non-printing areas are in the same plane, where web-fed means that the material to be printed is fed
to the machine from a reel as distinct from separate sheets. The non-printing area is treated to attract
water and thus reject ink. The printing area is treated to receive and transmit ink to the surface to be
printed. Evaporation takes place in an oven where hot air is used to heat the printed material;

(iii) Publication rotogravure: rotogravure used for printing paper for magazines, brochures, catalogues or

similar products, using toluene-based inks;

(iv) Rotogravure: a printing process using a cylindrical image carrier in which the printing area is below the
non-printing area, using liquid inks that dry through evaporation. The recesses are filled with ink and the
surplus is cleaned off the non-printing area before the surface to be printed contacts the cylinder and lifts
the ink from the recesses;

(v) Rotary screen printing: a web-fed printing process in which the ink is passed onto the surface to be
printed by forcing it through a porous image carrier,
in which the printing area is open and the
non-printing area is sealed off, using liquid inks that dry only through evaporation. Web-fed means
that the material to be printed is fed to the machine from a reel as distinct from separate sheets;

(vi) Laminating associated to a printing process: the adhering of two or more flexible materials to produce

laminates; and

(vii) Varnishing: a process by which a varnish or an adhesive coating is applied to a flexible material for the

purpose of later sealing the packaging material;

9.

‘Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products’ means chemical synthesis, fermentation, extraction, formulation
and finishing of pharmaceutical products and, where carried out at the same site, the manufacture of inter-
mediate products;

10.

‘Conversion of natural or synthetic rubber’ means any process of mixing, crushing, blending, calendering,
extruding and vulcanization of natural or synthetic rubber and additionally processes for the processing of
natural or synthetic rubber to derive an end product;

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11.

‘Surface cleaning’ means any process except dry cleaning using organic solvents to remove contamination from
the surface of material, including degreasing; a cleaning process consisting of more than one step before or
after any other processing step is considered as one surface-cleaning process. The process refers to the cleaning
of the surface of products and not to the cleaning of process equipment;

12.

‘Extraction of vegetable oil and animal fat and refining of vegetable oil’ means the extraction of vegetable oil
from seeds and other vegetable matter, the processing of dry residues to produce animal feed, and the
purification of fats and vegetable oils derived from seeds, vegetable matter and/or animal matter;

13.

‘Vehicle refinishing’ means any industrial or commercial coating activity and associated degreasing activities
performing:

(i) The coating of road vehicles, or part of them, carried out as part of vehicle repair, conservation or

decoration outside manufacturing installations, or

(ii) The original coating of road vehicles, or part of them, with refinishing-type materials, where this is carried

out away from the original manufacturing line, or

(iii) The coating of trailers (including semi-trailers);

14.

‘Impregnation of wooden surfaces’ means any process impregnating timber with preservative;

15.

‘Standard conditions’ means a temperature of 273,15 K and a pressure of 101,3 kPa;

16.

‘NMVOCs’ comprise all organic compounds except methane which at 273,15 K show a vapour pressure of at
least 0,01 kPa or which show a comparable volatility under the given application conditions;

17.

‘Waste gas’ means the final gaseous discharge containing NMVOCs or other pollutants from a stack or from
emission abatement equipment into air. The volumetric flow rates shall be expressed in m3/h at standard
conditions;

18.

‘Fugitive emission of NMVOCs’ means any emission, not in waste gases, of NMVOC into air, soil and water as
well as, unless otherwise stated, solvents contained in any product and includes uncaptured emissions of
NMVOCs released to the outside environment via windows, doors, vents and similar openings. Fugitive limit
values are calculated on the basis of a solvent management plan (see appendix I to the present annex);

19.

‘Total emission of NMVOCs’ means the sum of fugitive emission of NMVOCs and emission of NMVOCs in
waste gases;

20.

‘Input’ means the quantity of organic solvents and their quantity in preparations used when carrying out a
process, including the solvents recycled inside and outside the installation, and which are counted every time
they are used to carry out the activity;

21.

‘Limit value’ means the maximum quantity of a gaseous substance contained in the waste gases from an
installation which is not to be exceeded during normal operation. Unless otherwise specified,
it shall be
calculated in terms of mass of pollutant per volume of the waste gases (expressed as mg C/Nm3 unless
specified otherwise), assuming standard conditions for temperature and pressure for dry gas. For solvent-using
installations, limit values are given as mass unit per characteristic unit of the respective activity. Gas volumes
that are added to the waste gas for cooling or dilution purposes shall not be considered when determining the
mass concentration of the pollutant in the waste gas. Limit values generally address all volatile organic
compounds except methane (no further distinction is made, e. g. in terms of reactivity or toxicity);

22.

‘Normal operation’ means all periods of operation except start-up and shutdown operations and maintenance of
equipment;

23.

‘Substances harmful to human health’ are subdivided into two categories:

(i) Halogenated VOCs that have possible risk of irreversible effects; or

(ii) Hazardous substances that are carcinogens, mutagens or toxic to reproduction or that may cause cancer,
may cause heritable genetic damage, may cause cancer by inhalation, may impair fertility or may cause
harm to the unborn child.

4. The following requirements shall be satisfied:

(a) Emissions of NMVOCs shall be monitored (1) and compliance with limit values shall be verified. The methods of
verification may include continuous or discontinuous measurements, type approval, or any other technically
sound method; furthermore, they shall be economically viable;

(1) Monitoring is to be understood as an overall activity, comprising measuring of emissions, mass balancing, etc. It can be carried out

continuously or discontinuously.

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(b) The concentrations of air pollutants in gas-carrying ducts shall be measured in a representative way. Sampling
and analysis of all pollutants, as well as reference measurement methods to calibrate any measurement system,
shall be carried out according to the standards laid down by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
or by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While awaiting the development of CEN or ISO
standards, national standards shall apply;

(c)

If measurements of emissions of NMVOCs are required, they should be carried out continuously if emissions of
NMVOCs exceed 10 kg of total organic carbon (TOC)/h in the exhaust duct downstream from an emission
reduction installation and the hours of operation exceed 200 hours a year. For all other installations, discon-
tinuous measurement is required as a minimum. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used
provided that they result in equal stringency;

(d) In the case of continuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards is
achieved if the daily mean does not exceed the limit value during normal operation and no hourly average
exceeds the limit values by 150 %. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used provided that
they result in equal stringency;

(e)

In the case of discontinuous measurements, as a minimum requirement, compliance with the emission standards
is achieved if the mean value of all readings does not exceed the limit value and no hourly mean exceeds the
limit value by 150 %. For the approval of compliance, own approaches may be used provided that they result in
equal stringency;

(f) All appropriate precautions shall be taken to minimize emissions of NMVOCs during start-up and shutdown,

and in case of deviations from normal operation; and

(g) Measurements are not required if end-of-pipe abatement equipment is not needed to comply with the limit

values below and it can be shown that limit values are not exceeded.

5. The following limit values should be applied for waste gases, unless stated otherwise below:

(a) 20 mg substance/m3 for discharges of halogenated volatile organic compounds (which are assigned the risk
phrase: possible risk of irreversible effects), where the mass flow of the sum of the considered compounds is
greater than or equal to 100 g/h; and

(b) 2 mg/m3 (expressed as the mass sum of individual compounds) for discharges of volatile organic compounds
(which are assigned the following risk phrases: may cause cancer, heritable genetic damage, cancer by inhalation
or harm to the unborn child; may impair fertility), where the mass flow of the sum of the considered
compounds is greater than or equal to 10 g/h.

6. For the source categories listed in paragraphs 9 to 21 below, the following revisions are relevant:

(a)

Instead of applying the limit values for installations set out below, the operators of the respective installations
may be allowed to use a reduction scheme (see appendix II to the present annex). The purpose of a reduction
scheme is to give the operator the possibility to achieve by other means emission reductions equivalent to those
achieved if given limit values were to be applied; and

(b) For fugitive emissions of NMVOCs, the fugitive emission values set out below shall be applied as a limit value.
However, where it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the competent authority that for an individual
installation this value is not technically and economically feasible, the competent authority may exempt that
installation provided that significant risks to human health or the environment are not expected. For each
derogation, the operator must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the best available
technique is used.

7. The limit values for VOC emissions for the source categories defined in paragraph 3 shall be as specified in

paragraphs 8 to 21 below.

8. Storage and distribution of petrol:

Table 1: Limit values for VOC emissions released from the storage and distribution of petrol, excluding the loading
of seagoing ships

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold values

Limit value

Vapour recovery unit serving storage and distribution facilities at refinery
tank farms or terminals

5 000 m3
petrol
throughput
annually

10 g VOC/Nm3
including
methane

Note: The vapour displaced by the filling of petrol storage tanks shall be displaced either into other storage tanks or into abatement
equipment meeting the limit values in the table above.

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9. Adhesive coating:

Table 2: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from adhesive coating

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

Footwear manufacture; new and
existing installations

> 5

25 g solvent per pair

adhesive

Other
except
footwear; new and existing instal-
lations

coating,

5-15

> 15

50 (a) mg C/Nm3

50 (a) mg C/Nm3

25

20

(a) If techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvent, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3.

10. Wood and plastic lamination:

Table 3: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from wood and plastic lamination

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value for total emissions
of NMVOCs

Wood and plastic laminating; new and
existing installations

> 5

30 g NMVOC/m2

11. Coating processes (metal and plastic surfaces in passenger cars, truck cabins, trucks, buses, wooden surfaces):

Table 4: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from coating processes in the car industry

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for solvent consumption
(Mg/year) (a)

Limit value (b) for total emissions
of NMVOCs

New installations, car coating
(M1, M2)

> 15 (and > 5 000 coated items a
year)

45 g NMVOC/m2 or 1,3 kg/item
and 33 g NMVOC/m2

Existing installations, car coating
(M1, M2)

> 15 (and > 5 000 coated items a
year)

60 g NMVOC/m2 or 1,9 kg/item
and 41 g NMVOC/m2

New and existing installations, car
coating (M1, M2)

> 15 (£ 5 000 coated monocoques
or > 3 500 coated chassis a year)

90 g NMVOC/m2 or 1,5 kg/item
and 70 g NMVOC/m2

New installations, coating of new
truck cabins (N1, N2, N3)

New installations, coating of new
truck cabins (N1, N2, N3)

Existing installations, coating of
new truck cabins (N1, N2, N3)

Existing installations, coating of
new truck cabins (N1, N2, N3)

New installations, coating of new
trucks and vans (without cabin)
(N1, N2, N3)

> 15 (£ 5 000 coated items a year)

65 g NMVOC/m2

> 15 (> 5 000 coated items a year)

55 g NMVOC/m2

> 15 (£ 5 000 coated items a year)

85 g NMVOC/m2

> 15 (> 5 000 coated items a year)

75 g NMVOC/m2

> 15 (£ 2 500 coated items a year)

90 g NMVOC/m2

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Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for solvent consumption
(Mg/year) (a)

Limit value (b) for total emissions
of NMVOCs

New installations, coating of new
trucks and vans
(without cabin)
(N1, N2, N3)

> 15 (> 2 500 coated items a year)

70 g NMVOC/m2

Existing installations,
new trucks
cabin) (N1, N2, N3)

and vans

coating of
(without

Existing installations,
new trucks
cabin) (N1, N2, N3)

and vans

coating of
(without

> 15 (£ 2 500 coated items a year)

120 g NMVOC/m2

> 15 (> 2 500 coated items a year)

90 g NMVOC/m2

New installations, coating of new
buses (M3)

> 15 (£ 2 000 coated items a year)

210 g NMVOC/m2

New installations, coating of new
buses (M3)

> 15 (> 2 000 coated items a year)

150 g NMVOC/m2

Existing installations,
new buses (M3)

Existing installations,
new buses (M3)

coating of

> 15 (£ 2 000 coated items a year)

290 g NMVOC/m2

coating of

> 15 (> 2 000 coated items a year)

225 g NMVOC/m2

(a) For a solvent consumption £ 15 Mg a year (coating of cars), table 14 on car refinishing applies.
(b) The total limit values are expressed in terms of mass of solvent (g) emitted in relation to the surface area of product (m2). The
surface area of the product is defined as the surface area calculated from the total electrophoretic coating area and the surface
area of any parts that might be added in successive phases of the coating process which are coated with the same coatings. The
surface of the electrophoretic coating area is calculated using the formula: (2 × total weight of product shell): (average thickness
of metal sheet × density of metal sheet).

Table 5: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from coating processes in various industrial sectors

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

existing

installations:
New and
incl. metal, plastics,
other coating,
textile, fabric, foil and paper (excl.
web screen printing for textiles, see
printing)

5-15

> 15

Limit value

100 (a) (b) mg
C/Nm3

50/75 (b) (c) (d) mg
C/Nm3

New and
wood coating

existing

installations:

15-25

100 (a) mg C/Nm3

> 25

50/75 (c) mg C/Nm3

Limit value for fugitive
emission of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

25 (b)

20 (b)

25

20

(a) Limit value applies to coating applications and drying processes operated under contained conditions.
(b) If contained coating conditions are not possible (boat construction, aircraft coating, etc.), installations may be granted exemption
from these values. The reduction scheme of paragraph 6 (a) is then to be used, unless it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the
competent authority that this option is not technically and economically feasible. In this case, the operator must demonstrate to
the satisfaction of the competent authority that the best available technique is used.
(c) The first value applies to drying processes, the second to coating application processes.
(d) If, for textile coating, techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvents, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3 for

drying and coating together.

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12. Coil coating:

Table 6: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from coil coating

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New installations

Existing installations

> 25

> 25

50 (a)

50 (a)

5

10

(a) If techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvent, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3.

13. Dry cleaning:

Table 7: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from dry cleaning

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value

New and existing installations

0

20 g NMVOC/kg (a)

(a) Limit value for total emissions of NMVOCs calculated as mass of emitted solvent per mass of cleaned and dried product.

14. Manufacturing of coatings, varnishes, inks and adhesives:

Table 8: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from manufacturing of coatings, varnishes, inks and adhesives

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New and existing installations

100-1 000

> 1 000

150 (a)

150 (b)

5 (a) (c)

3 (b) (c)

(a) A total limit value of 5 % of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value

for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

(b) A total limit value of 3 % of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value

for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

(c) The fugitive limit value does not include solvents sold as part of a preparation in a sealed container.

15. Printing (flexography, heat set web offset, publication rotogravure etc.):

Table 9: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from printing processes

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New and existing installations: heat
set web offset

New installations: publication roto-
gravure

15-25

> 25

> 25

100

20

75

30 (a)

30 (a)

10

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Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

Existing installations: publication
rotogravure

existing
rotogravure,

New and
other
rotary screen printing,
and varnishing units

installations:
flexography,
lamination

New and
installations:
existing
rotary screen printing on textiles,
paperboard

> 25

15-25

> 25

> 30

75

100

100

100

15

25

20

20

(a) Solvent residue in finished products is not to be considered as part of the fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

16. Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products:

Table 10: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from manufacturing of pharmaceutical products

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New installations

Existing installations

> 50

> 50

20 (a) (b)

20 (a) (c)

5 (b) (d)

15 (c) (d)

(a) If techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvents, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3.
(b) A total limit value of 5 % of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value

for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

(c) A total limit value of 15 % of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value

for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

(d) The fugitive limit value does not include solvents sold as part of a coatings preparation in a sealed container.

17. Conversion of natural or synthetic rubber:

Table 11: Limit values for NMVOC emission released from conversion of natural or synthetic rubber

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New and
installations:
existing
conversion of natural or synthetic
rubber

> 15

20 (a) (b)

25 (a) (c)

(a) A total limit value of 25 % of solvent input may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and the limit value

for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

(b) If techniques are used which allow reuse of recovered solvent, the limit value shall be 150 mg C/Nm3.
(c) The fugitive limit does not include solvents sold as part of a preparation in a sealed container.

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18. Surface cleaning:

Table 12: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from surface cleaning

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

installations:
existing
New and
surface cleaning using substances
mentioned in paragraph 3 (w)

New and
other surface cleaning

existing

installations:

1-5

> 5

2-10

> 10

20 mg
compound/Nm3

20 mg
compound/Nm3

75 mg C/Nm3 (a)

75 mg C/Nm3 (a)

15

10

20 (a)

15 (a)

(a) Installations which demonstrate to the competent authority that the average organic solvent content of all cleaning material used

does not exceed 30 % w/w are exempt from applying these values.

19. Vegetable oil and animal fat extraction and vegetable oil refining processes:

Table 13: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from extraction of vegetable and animal fat and refining of
vegetable oil

Capacity, technique,
further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

New and existing
installations

> 10

Total limit value (kg/Mg)

Animal fat: 1,5
Castor: 3,0
Rape seed: 1,0
Sunflower seed: 1,0
Soya beans (normal crush): 0,8
Soya beans (white flakes): 1,2
Other seeds and vegetable material: 3,0 (a)
All fractionation processes, excl. degumming (b): 1,5
Degumming: 4,0

(a) Limit values for total emissions of NMVOCs from installations treating single batches of seeds or other vegetable material shall be

set case by case by the competent authorities on the basis of the best available technologies.

(b) The removal of gum from the oil.

20. Vehicle refinishing:

Table 14: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from vehicle refinishing

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emissions of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New and existing installations

> 0,5

50 (a)

25

(a) Compliance with limit values to be proven by 15-minute average measurements.

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21. Impregnation of wooden surfaces:

Table 15: Limit values for NMVOC emissions released from impregnation of wooden surfaces

Capacity, technique, further specification

Threshold value for
solvent consumption
(Mg/year)

Limit value (mg C/Nm3)

Limit value for fugitive
emission of NMVOCs
(% of solvent input)

New and existing installations

> 25

100 (a) (b)

45 (b)

(a) Does not apply to impregnation with creosote.
(b) A total limit value of 11 kg solvent/m3 of wood treated may be applied instead of using the waste gas concentration limit and

the limit value for fugitive emissions of NMVOCs.

22. Limit values for controlling emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from new stationary sources in the
following stationary source categories will be determined on the basis of available information on control tech-
nology and levels, including limit values applied in other countries, and the following documents:

B. Canada

1. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Environmental Code of Practice for the Reduction

of Solvent Emissions from Dry Cleaning Facilities. December 1992. PN1053;

2. CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Control of Volatile Organic Compounds Process Emissions from New

Organic Chemical Operations. September 1993. PN1108;

3. CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Measurement and Control of Fugitive VOC Emissions from

Equipment Leaks. October 1993. PN1106;

4. CCME. A Program to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 40 Percent from Adhesives and

Sealants. March 1994. PN1116;

5. CCME. A Plan to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by 20 Percent from Consumer Surface

Coatings. March 1994. PN1114;

6. CCME. Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aboveground

Storage Tanks. June 1995. PN1180;

7. CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery during Vehicle Refueling at Service Stations and

Other Gasoline Dispersing Facilities. (Stage II) April 1995. PN1184;

8. CCME. Environmental Code of Practice for the Reduction of Solvent Emissions from Commercial and Industrial

Degreasing Facilities. June 1995. PN1182;

9. CCME. New Source Performance Standards and Guidelines for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions from Canadian Automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Coating Facilities. August 1995.
PN1234;

10. CCME. Environmental Guideline for the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Plastics

Processing Industry. July 1997. PN1276; and

11. CCME. National Standards for the Volatile Organic Compound Content of Canadian Commercial/Industrial

Surface Coating Products — Automotive Refinishing. August 1997. PN1288.

C. United States of America

23. Limit values for controlling emissions of VOCs from new stationary sources in the following stationary source

categories are specified in the following documents:

1. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids — 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 60, Subpart K, and

Subpart Ka;

2. Storage Vessels for Volatile Organic Liquids — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart Kb;

3. Petroleum Refineries — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart J;

4. Surface Coating of Metal Furniture — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart EE;

5. Surface Coating for Automobile and Light Duty Trucks — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart MM;

6. Publication Rotogravure Printing — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart QQ;

7. Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coating Operations — 40 C.F.R. Part 60,

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8. Subpart RR;

9. Large Appliance, Metal Coil and Beverage Can Surface Coating — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart SS, Subpart TT

and Subpart WW;

10. Bulk Gasoline Terminals — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart XX;

11. Rubber Tire Manufacturing — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart BBB;

12. Polymer Manufacturing — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart DDD;

13. Flexible Vinyl and Urethane Coating and Printing — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart FFF;

14. Petroleum Refinery Equipment Leaks and Wastewater Systems — 40 C.F.R. Part 60,

15. Subpart GGG and Subpart QQQ;

16. Synthetic Fiber Production — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart HHH;

17. Petroleum Dry Cleaners — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart JJJ;

18. Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart KKK;

19. SOCMI Equipment Leaks, Air Oxidation Units, Distillation Operations and Reactor Processes — 40 C.F.R. Part

60, Subpart VV, Subpart III, Subpart NNN and Subpart RRR;

20. Magnetic Tape Coating — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart SSS;

21. Industrial Surface Coatings — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart TTT; and

22. Polymeric Coatings of Supporting Substrates Facilities — 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart VVV.

Appendix I

SOLVENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Introduction

1. This appendix to the annex on limit values for emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs)
from stationary sources provides guidance on carrying out a solvent management plan. It identifies the principles to
be applied (para. 2), provides a framework for the mass balance (para. 3) and provides an indication of the
requirements for verification of compliance (para. 4).

Principles

2. The solvent management plan serves the following purposes:

(a) Verification of compliance, as specified in the annex; and

(b) Identification of future reduction options.

Definitions

3. The following definitions provide a framework for the mass balance exercise:

(a)

Inputs of organic solvents:

I1.

I2.

The quantity of organic solvents or their quantity in preparations purchased that are used as input into
the process in the time frame over which the mass balance is being calculated.

The quantity of organic solvents or their quantity in preparations recovered and reused as solvent input
into the process. (The recycled solvent is counted every time it is used to carry out the activity.)

(b) Outputs of organic solvents:

O1.

Emission of NMVOCs in waste gases.

O2.

O3.

Organic solvents lost in water, if appropriate taking into account waste-water treatment when calculating
O5.

The quantity of organic solvents that remains as contamination or residue in output of products from the
process.

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O4.

O5.

Uncaptured emissions of organic solvents to air. This includes the general ventilation of rooms, where air
is released to the outside environment via windows, doors, vents and similar openings.

Organic solvents and/or organic compounds lost due to chemical or physical reactions (including, for
example, those that are destroyed, e. g. by incineration or other waste-gas or waste-water treatments, or
captured, e. g. by adsorption, as long as they are not counted under O6, O7 or O8).

O6.

Organic solvents contained in collected waste.

O7.

O8.

Organic solvents, or organic solvents contained in preparations, that are sold or are intended to be sold as
a commercially valuable product.

Organic solvents contained in preparations recovered for reuse but not as input into the process, as long
as they are not counted under O7.

O9.

Organic solvents released in other ways.

Guidance on use of the solvent management plan for verification of compliance

4. The use of the solvent management plan will be determined by the particular requirement which is to be verified, as

follows:

(a) Verification of compliance with the reduction option mentioned in paragraph 6 (a) of the annex, with a total

limit value expressed in solvent emissions per unit product, or as otherwise stated in the annex.

(i) For all activities using the reduction option mentioned in paragraph 6 (a) of the annex,

the solvent
management plan should be put into effect annually to determine consumption. Consumption can be
calculated by means of the following equation:

C ¼ I1 (cid:2) O8

A parallel exercise should also be undertaken to determine solids used in coating in order to derive the
annual reference emission and the target emission each year;

(ii) For assessing compliance with a total limit value expressed in solvent emissions per unit product or as
otherwise stated in the annex, the solvent management plan should be put into effect annually to determine
emission of NMVOCs. Emission of NMVOCs can be calculated by means of the following equation:

E ¼ F þ O1

Where F is the fugitive emission of NMVOC as defined in subparagraph (b) (i) below. The emission figure
should be divided by the relevant product parameter;

(b) Determination of fugitive emission of NMVOCs for comparison with fugitive emission values in the annex:

(i) Methodology: The fugitive emission of NMVOC can be calculated by means of the following equation:

F ¼ I1 (cid:2) O1 (cid:2) O5 (cid:2) O6 (cid:2) O7 (cid:2) O8

or

F ¼ O2 þ O3 þ O4 þ O9

This quantity can be determined by direct measurement of the quantities. Alternatively, an equivalent
calculation can be made by other means, for instance by using the capture efficiency of the process.

The fugitive emission value is expressed as a proportion of the input, which can be calculated by means of
the following equation:

I ¼ I1 þ I2

(ii) Frequency: Fugitive emission of NMVOCs can be determined by a short but comprehensive set of

measurements. This need not to be done again until the equipment is modified.

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Appendix II

REDUCTION SCHEME

Principles

1. The purpose of the reduction scheme is to allow the operator the possibility to achieve by other means emission
reductions equivalent to those achieved if the limit values were to be applied. To that end the operator may use any
reduction scheme specially designed for his installation, provided that in the end an equivalent emission reduction is
achieved. Parties shall report on progress in achieving the same emission reduction, including experience with the
application of the reduction scheme.

Practice

2. If applying coatings, varnishes, adhesives or inks, the following scheme can be used. Where it is inappropriate, the
competent authority may allow an operator to apply any alternative exemption scheme which it is satisfied fulfils the
principles outlined here. The design of the scheme takes into account the following facts:

(a) Where substitutes containing little or no solvent are still under development, a time extension must be given to

the operator to implement his emission reduction plans;

(b) The reference point for emission reductions should correspond as closely as possible to the emissions that would

have resulted had no reduction action been taken.

3. The following scheme shall operate for installations for which a constant solid content of product can be assumed

and used to define the reference point for emission reductions:

(a) The operator shall forward an emission reduction plan which includes in particular decreases in the average
solvent content of the total input and/or increased efficiency in the use of solids to achieve a reduction of the
total emissions from the installation to a given percentage of annual reference emissions, termed the target
emission. This must be done in the following time frame:

Time period

New installations

Existing installations

Maximum allowed total annual emissions

By 31.10.2001

By 31.10.2004

By 31.10.2005

Target emission × 1,5

By 31.10.2007

Target emission

(b) The annual reference emission is calculated as follows:

(i) The total mass of solids in the quantity of coating and/or ink, varnish or adhesive consumed in a year is
determined. Solids are all materials in coatings, inks, varnishes and adhesives that become solid once the
water or the volatile organic compounds are evaporated;

(ii) The annual reference emissions are calculated by multiplying the mass determined as in subparagraph (i) by
the appropriate factor listed in the table below. The competent authorities may adjust these factors for
individual installations to reflect documented increased efficiency in the use of solids.

Activity

Multiplication factor for use in subparagraph (b) (ii)

flexography printing;

Rotogravure printing;
laminating as
part of a printing activity; printing; varnishing as part of a
printing activity; wood coating; coating of textiles, fabric,
film or paper; adhesive coating

Coil coating; vehicle refinishing

Food contact coating; aerospace coating

Other coatings and rotary screen printing

4

3

2,33

1,5

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(iii) The target emission is equal to the annual reference emission multiplied by a percentage equal to:

— (The fugitive emission value + 15), for installations in the following sectors:

— Vehicle coating (solvent consumption < 15 Mg/year) and vehicle refinishing;

— Metal, plastic,

textile,

fabric,

film and paper coating (solvent consumption between 5 and

15 Mg/year);

— Coating of wooden surfaces (solvent consumption between 15 and 25 Mg/year).

— (The fugitive emission value + 5) for all other installations;

(iv) Compliance is achieved if the actual solvent emission determined from the solvent management plan is less

than or equal to the target emission.

ANNEX VII

TIMESCALES UNDER ARTICLE 3

1. The timescales for the application of the limit values referred to in article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3, shall be:

(a) For new stationary sources, one year after the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for the Party in

question; and

(b) For existing stationary sources:

(i) In the case of a Party that is not a country with an economy in transition, one year after the date of entry

into force of the present Protocol or 31 December 2007, whichever is the later; and

(ii) In the case of a Party that is a country with an economy in transition, eight years after the entry into force of

the present Protocol.

2. The timescales for the application of the limit values for fuels and new mobile sources referred to in article 3,

paragraph 5, and the limit values for gas oil referred to in annex IV, table 2, shall be:

(i) In the case of a Party that is not a country with an economy in transition, the date of entry into force of the
present Protocol or the dates associated with the measures specified in annex VIII and with the limit values
specified in annex IV, table 2, whichever is the later; and

(ii) In the case of a Party that is a country with an economy in transition, five years after the date of entry into force
of the present Protocol or five years after the dates associated with the measures specified in annex VIII and with
the limit values in annex IV, table 2, whichever is the later.

This timescale shall not apply to a Party to the present Protocol to the extent that that Party is subject to a shorter
timescale with regard to gas oil under the Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions.

3. For the purpose of the present annex, ‘a country with an economy in transition’ means a Party that has made with its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a declaration that it wishes to be treated as a country
with an economy in transition for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and/or 2 of this annex.

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ANNEX VIII

LIMIT VALUES FOR FUELS AND NEW MOBILE SOURCES

Introduction

1. Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and

section C applies to the United States of America.

2. The annex contains limit values for NOx, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalents, and for hydrocarbons,
most of which are volatile organic compounds, as well as environmental specifications for marketed fuels for
vehicles.

3. The timescales for applying the limit values in this annex are laid down in annex VII.

A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America

Passenger cars and light-duty vehicles

4. Limit values for power-driven vehicles with at least four wheels and used for the carriage of passengers (category M)

and goods (category N) are given in table 1.

Heavy-duty vehicles

5. Limit values for engines for heavy-duty vehicles are given in tables 2 and 3 depending on the applicable test

procedures.

Motorcycles and mopeds

6. Limit values for motorcycles and mopeds are given in table 6 and table 7.

Non-road vehicles and machines

7. Limit values for agricultural and forestry tractors and other non-road vehicle/machine engines are listed in tables 4
and 5. Stage I (table 4) is based on ECE regulation 96, ‘Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-
ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard to the emissions of pollutants
by the engine’.

Fuel quality

8. Environmental quality specifications for petrol and diesel are given in tables 8 to 11.

Table 1: Limit values for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles

Category

Class

To be
applied
from (b)

Reference mass
(RW)
(kg)

Limit values

Carbon monoxide

Hydrocarbons

Nitrogen oxides

Hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxides
combined

Particulates (a)

L1 (g/km)

L2 (g/km)

L3 (g/km)

L2 + L3 (g/km)

L4 (g/km)

Petrol

Diesel

Petrol

Diesel

Petrol

Diesel

Petrol

Diesel

Diesel

A M (c)

1.1.2001

All (g)

N1 (d)

B M (c)

N1 (d)

I

II

III

I

II

III

1.1.2001 (e)

RW £ 1 305

1.1.2002 1 305 < RW £ 1 760

1.1.2002

1 760 < RW

1.1.2006

All

1.1.2006 (f)

RW £ 1 305

1.1.2007 1 305 < RW £ 1 760

1.1.2007

1 760 < RW

2,3

2,3

4,17

5,22

1,0

1,0

1,81

2,27

0,64

0,64

0,80

0,95

0,50

0,50

0,63

0,74

0,20

0,20

0,25

0,29

0,10

0,10

0,13

0,16

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

0,15

0,15

0,18

0,21

0,08

0,08

0,10

0,11

0,50

0,50

0,65

0,78

0,25

0,25

0,33

0,39

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

0,56

0,56

0,72

0,86

0,30

0,30

0,39

0,46

0,05

0,05

0,07

0,10

0,025

0,025

0,04

0,06

(a) For compression-ignition engines.
(b) The registration, sale or entry into service of new vehicles that fail to comply with the respective limit values shall be refused as from the dates given in this column and

type approval may no longer be granted with effect from 12 months prior to these dates.

(c) Except vehicles whose maximum mass exceeds 2 500 kg.
(d) And those category M vehicles specified in note (c).
(e) 1.1.2002 for those category M vehicles specified in note (c).
(f) 1.1.2007 for those category M vehicles specified in note (c).
(g) Until 1 January 2003 vehicles in this category fitted with compression-ignition engines that are non-road vehicles and vehicles with a maximum mass of more than

2 000 kg which are designed to carry more than six occupants, including the driver, shall be considered as vehicles in category N1, class III, in row A.

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Table 2: Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles — European steady-state cycle (ESC) and
European load-response (ELR) tests

Row

To be applied
from (a)

Carbon monoxide
(g/kWh)

Hydrocarbons
(g/kWh)

Nitrogen oxides
(g/kWh)

Particulates (g/kWh)

Smoke (m-1)

A

B1

B2

1.10.2001

1.10.2006

1.10.2009

2,1

1,5

1,5

0,66

0,46

0,46

5,0

3,5

2,0

0,10/0,13 (b)

0,02

0,02

0,8

0,5

0,5

(a) With effect from the given dates and except for vehicles and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties to the
present Protocol and for replacement engines for vehicles in use, Parties shall prohibit the registration, sale, entry into service or use
of new vehicles propelled by a compression-ignition or gas engine and the sale and use of new compression-ignition or gas engines if
their emissions do not comply with the respective limit values. With effect from twelve months prior to these dates, type approval
may be refused if the limit values are not complied with.

(b) For engines with a swept volume below 0,75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed above 3 000 revolutions per minute.

Table 3: Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles — European transient cycle (ETC) test (a)

Row

To be applied
from (b)

Carbon monoxide
(g/kWh)

Non-methane hydro-
carbons (g/kWh)

Methane (c) (g/kWh)

Nitrogen oxides
(g/kWh)

A (2000)

1.10.2001

B1 (2005)

1.10.2006

B2 (2008)

1.10.2009

5,45

4,0

4,0

0,78

0,55

0,55

1,6

1,1

1,1

5,0

3,5

2,0

Particulates (d)

0,16/0,21 (e)

0,03

0,03

(a) The conditions for verifying the acceptability of the ETC tests when measuring the emissions of gas-fuelled engines against the limit
values applicable in row A shall be re-examined and, where necessary, modified in accordance with the procedure laid down in article
13 of Directive 70/156/EEC.

(b) With effect from the given dates and except for vehicles and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties to the
present Protocol and for replacement engines for vehicles in use, Parties shall prohibit the registration, sale, entry into service or use
of new vehicles propelled by a compression-ignition or gas engine and the sale and use of new compression-ignition or gas engines if
their emissions do not comply with the respective limit values. With effect from twelve months prior to these dates, type approval
may be refused if the limit values are not complied with.

(c) For natural gas engines only.
(d) Not applicable to gas-fuelled engines at stage A and stages B1 and B2.
(e) For engines with a swept volume below 0,75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed above 3 000 revolutions per minute.

Table 4: Limit values (stage I) for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines (measurement procedure ISO 8178)

Net power
(P)
(kW)

130 £ P < 560

75 £ P < 130

37 £ P < 75

To be applied from (a)

Carbon monoxide
(g/kWh)

Hydrocarbons
(g/kWh)

Nitrogen oxides
(g/kWh)

Particulate matter
(g/kWh)

31.12.1998

31.12.1998

31.3.1998

5,0

5,0

6,5

1,3

1,3

1,3

9,2

9,2

9,2

0,54

0,70

0,85

(a) With effect from the given date and with the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties
to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and placing on the market of new engines, whether or
not installed in machinery, only if they meet the limit values set out in the table. Type approval for an engine type or family shall be
refused with effect from 30 June 1998 if it fails to meet the limit values.

Note: These limits are engine-out limits and shall be achieved before any exhaust after-treatment service.

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Table 5: Limit values (stage II) for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines (measurement procedure ISO 8178)

Net power
(P)
(kW)

130 £ P < 560

75 £ P < 130

37 £ P < 75

18 £ P < 37

To be applied from (a)

Carbon monoxide
(g/kWh)

Hydrocarbons
(g/kWh)

Nitrogen oxides
(g/kWh)

Particulate matter
(g/kWh)

31.12.2001

31.12.2002

31.12.2003

31.12.2000

3,5

5,0

5,0

5,5

1,0

1,0

1,3

1,5

6,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,8

(a) With effect from the given dates and with the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not
parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and placing on the market of new engines,
whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the limit values set out in the table. Type approval for an engine type or
family shall be refused with effect from twelve months prior to these dates if it fails to meet the limit values.

Table 6: Limit values for motorcycles and 3- and 4-wheelers (> 50 cm3; > 45 km/h) to
be applied from 17 June 1999 (a)

Engine type

Limit values

2-stroke

4-stroke

CO = 8 g/km
HC = 4 g/km
NOx = 0,1 g/km

CO = 13 g/km
HC = 3 g/km
NOx = 0,3 g/km

(a) Type approval shall be refused as from the given date if the vehicle's emissions do not meet the limit values.
Note: For 3- and 4-wheelers, the limit values have to be multiplied by 1,5.

Stage

To be applied
from (a)

I

II

17.6.1999

17.6.2002

Table 7: Limit values for mopeds (£ 50 cm3; < 45 km/h)

Limit values

CO (g/km)

6,0 (b)

1,0 (c)

HC + NOx (g/km)

3,0 (b)

1,2

(a) Type approval shall be refused as from the given dates if the vehicle's emissions do not meet the limit values.
(b) For 3- and 4-wheelers, multiply by 2.
(c) For 3- and 4-wheelers, 3,5 g/km.

Table 8: Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines

Type: Petrol

Parameter

Unit

Limits (a)

Test

Minimum Maximum

Method (b)

Date of publication

Research octane number

Motor octane number

pressure,

summer

kPa

Reid
period (c)

vapour

Distillation:

— evaporated at 100 °C

— evaporated at 150 °C

% v/v

% v/v

95

85

—

46

75

—

—

60

—

—

EN 25164

EN 25163

EN 12

1993

1993

1993

EN-ISO 3405

1988

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Parameter

Unit

Limits (a)

Test

Minimum Maximum

Method (b)

Date of publication

Hydrocarbon analysis:

— olefins

— aromatics

— benzene

Oxygen content

Oxygenates:

% v/v

% m/m

— Methanol, stabilizing agents must

% v/v

be added

— Ethanol, stabilizing agents may be

% v/v

necessary

— Iso-propyl alcohol

— Tert-butyl alcohol

— Iso-butyl alcohol

% v/v

% v/v

% v/v

— Ethers containing 5 or more carbon

% v/v

atoms per molecule

Other oxygenates (e)

Sulphur content

% v/v

mg/kg

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

18,0 (d)

ASTM D1319

42

1

2,7

3

5

10

7

10

15

10

150

ASTM D1319

project EN 12177

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

EN 1601

project
EN-ISO/DIS
14596

1995

1995

1995

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

1996

(a) The values quoted in the specification are ‘true values’. In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of ISO 4259, ‘Petroleum
products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’, have been applied and, in fixing a
minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual
measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995).

(b) EN — European standard; ASTM — American Society for Testing and Materials; DIS — Draft international standard.
(c) The summer period shall begin no later than 1 May and shall not end before 30 September. For member States with arctic conditions

the summer period shall begin no later than 1 June and not end before 31 August and the RVP is limited to 70 kPa.

(d) Except for regular unleaded petrol (minimum motor octane number (MON) of 81 and minimum research octane number (RON) of
91), for which the maximum olefin content shall be 21 % v/v. These limits shall not preclude the introduction on the market of a
member State of another unleaded petrol with lower octane numbers than set out here.

(e) Other mono-alcohols with a final distillation point no higher than the final distillation point laid down in national specifications or,

where these do not exist, in industrial specifications for motor fuels.

Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2000, petrol can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the
environmental specifications set out in table 8. Where a Party determines that banning petrol with a sulphur content which does not comply
with the specifications for sulphur content in table 8, but does not exceed the current content, would raise severe difficulties for its industries
in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by 1 January 2000, it may extend the time period of marketing within its
territory until 1 January 2003 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for
this to the Executive Body.

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Table 9: Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with compression-ignition
engines

Type: Diesel fuel

Parameter

Unit

Limits (a)

Test

Minimum Maximum

Method (b)

Date of publication

Cetane number
Density at 15 °C
Distillation point: 95 %
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Sulphur content

kg/m3
°C
% m/m
mg/kg

51
—
—
—
—

—
845
360
11
350

EN-ISO 5165
EN-ISO 3675
EN-ISO 3405
IP 391
project
EN-ISO/DIS
14596

1992
1995
1988
1995
1996

(a) The values quoted in the specification are ‘true values’. In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of ISO 4259, ‘Petroleum
products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’, have been applied and, in fixing a
minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual
measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995).

(b) EN — European standard; IP — The Institute of Petroleum; DIS — Draft international standard.
Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2000, diesel fuel can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the
environmental specifications set out in table 9. Where a Party determines that banning diesel fuel with a sulphur content which does not
comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 9, but does not exceed the current content, would raise severe difficulties for its
industries in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by 1 January 2000, it may extend the time period of marketing
within its territory until 1 January 2003 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on
the reason for this to the Executive Body.

Table 10: Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition
engines

Type: Petrol

Parameter

Unit

Limits (a)

Test

Minimum Maximum

Method (b)

Date of publication

Research octane number
Motor octane number
Reid vapour pressure, summer period
Distillation:
— evaporated at 100 °C
— evaporated at 150 °C
Hydrocarbon analysis:
— olefins
— aromatics
— benzene
Oxygen content
Sulphur content

kPa

% v/v

% v/v
% v/v
% v/v
% m/m
mg/kg

95
85
—

—
—

—
—
—
—
—

EN 25164
EN 5163

1993
1993

—
—

35

ASTM D1319

1995

50

project
EN-ISO/DIS
14596

1996

(a) The values quoted in the specification are ‘true values’. In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of ISO 4259, ‘Petroleum
products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’, have been applied and, in fixing a
minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual
measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259 (published in 1995).

(b) EN — European standard; ASTM — American Society for Testing and Materials; DIS — Draft international standard.
Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2005, petrol can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the
environmental specifications set out in table 10. Where a Party determines that banning petrol with a sulphur content which does not
comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 10, but does comply with table 8, would raise severe difficulties for its industries
in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by 1 January 2005, it may extend the time period of marketing within its
territory until 1 January 2007 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for
this to the Executive Body.

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Table 11: Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with compression-ignition
engines

Type: Diesel fuel

Parameter

Unit

Limits (a)

Test

Minimum Maximum

Method (b)

Date of publication

Cetane number

Density at 15 °C

Distillation point: 95 %

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Sulphur content

kg/m3

°C

% m/m

mg/kg

—

—

—

—

—

50

project
EN-ISO/DIS
14596

1996

(a) The values quoted in the specification are ‘true values’. In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of ISO 4259, ‘Petroleum
products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’, have been applied and, in fixing a
minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual
measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in ISO 4259.

(b) EN — European standard; DIS — Draft international standard.
Note: Parties shall ensure that, no later than 1 January 2005, diesel fuel can be marketed within their territory only if it complies with the
environmental specifications set out in table 11. Where a Party determines that banning diesel fuel with a sulphur content which does not
comply with the specifications for sulphur content in table 11, but does comply with table 9, would raise severe difficulties for its industries
in making the necessary changes in their manufacturing facilities by 1 January 2005, it may extend the time period of marketing within its
territory until 1 January 2007 at the latest. In such a case the Party shall specify, in a declaration to be deposited together with its instrument
of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, that it intends to extend the time period and present written information on the reason for
this to the Executive Body.

B. Canada

9. New vehicle emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles, heavy-duty engines
and motorcycles: Motor Vehicle Safety Act (and successor legislation), Schedule V of the Motor Vehicle Safety
Regulations: Vehicle Emissions (Standard 1100), SOR/97-376, (28 July, 1997), as amended from time to time.

10. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Diesel Fuel Regulations, SOR/97-110 (4 February, 1997, sulphur in diesel

fuel), as amended from time to time.

11. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Benzene in Gasoline Regulations, SOR/97-493 (6 November, 1997), as

amended from time to time.

12. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Sulphur in Gasoline Regulations, Canada Gazette, Part II, June 4, 1999, as

amended from time to time.

C. United States of America

13. Implementation of a mobile source emission control programme for light-duty vehicles,

light-duty trucks,
heavy-duty trucks and fuels to the extent required by sections 202 (a), 202 (g) and 202 (h) of the Clean Air
Act, as implemented through:

(a) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Part 80, Subpart D — Reformulated Gasoline;

(b) 40 C.F.R. Part 86, Subpart A — General Provisions for Emission Regulations;

(c) 40 C.F.R. Part 80, section 80.29 — Controls and Prohibitions on Diesel Fuel Quality.

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MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS OF AMMONIA FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES

1. The Parties that are subject to obligations in article 3, paragraph 8 (a), shall take the measures set out in this annex.

ANNEX IX

2. Each Party shall take due account of the need to reduce losses from the whole nitrogen cycle.

A. Advisory code of good agricultural practice

3. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall establish, publish and
disseminate an advisory code of good agricultural practice to control ammonia emissions. The code shall take into
account the specific conditions within the territory of the Party and shall include provisions on:

— Nitrogen management, taking account of the whole nitrogen cycle;

— Livestock feeding strategies;

— Low-emission manure spreading techniques;

— Low-emission manure storage systems;

— Low-emission animal housing systems; and

— Possibilities for limiting ammonia emissions from the use of mineral fertilizers.

Parties should give a title to the code with a view to avoiding confusion with other codes of guidance.

B. Urea and ammonium carbonate fertilizers

4. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall take such steps as are

feasible to limit ammonia emissions from the use of solid fertilizers based on urea.

5. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall prohibit the use of

ammonium carbonate fertilizers.

C. Manure application

6. Each Party shall ensure that low-emission slurry application techniques (as listed in guidance document V adopted
by the Executive Body at its seventeenth session (decision 1999/1) and any amendments thereto) that have been
shown to reduce emissions by at least 30 % compared to the reference specified in that guidance document are used
as far as the Party in question considers them applicable, taking account of local soil and geomorphological
these measures shall be:
conditions, slurry type and farm structure. The timescales for the application of
31 December 2009 for Parties with economies in transition and 31 December 2007 for other Parties (1).

7. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall ensure that solid
manure applied to land to be ploughed shall be incorporated within at least 24 hours of spreading as far as it
considers this measure applicable, taking account of local soil and geomorphological conditions and farm structure.

(1) For the purpose of the present annex, ‘a country with an economy in transition’ means a Party that has made with its instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a declaration that it wishes to be treated as a country with an economy in transition for
the purposes of paragraphs 6 and/or 9 of this annex.

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D. Manure storage

8. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall use for new slurry
stores on large pig and poultry farms of 2 000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40 000 poultry, low-emission storage
systems or techniques that have been shown to reduce emissions by 40 % or more compared to the reference (as
listed in the guidance document referred to in paragraph 6), or other systems or techniques with a demonstrably
equivalent efficiency (1).

9. For existing slurry stores on large pig and poultry farms of 2 000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40 000 poultry, a
Party shall achieve emission reductions of 40 % insofar as the Party considers the necessary techniques to be
technically and economically feasible (1). The timescales
shall be:
31 December 2009 for Parties with economies in transition and 31 December 2007 for all other Parties (2).

the application of

these measures

for

E. Animal housing

10. Within one year from the date of entry into force of the present Protocol for it, a Party shall use, for new animal
housing on large pig and poultry farms of 2 000 fattening pigs or 750 sows or 40 000 poultry, housing systems
which have been shown to reduce emissions by 20 % or more compared to the reference (as listed in the guidance
document referred to in paragraph 6), or other systems or techniques with a demonstrably equivalent efficiency (1).
Applicability may be limited for animal welfare reasons, for instance in straw-based systems for pigs and aviary and
free-range systems for poultry.

(1) Where a Party judges that other systems or techniques with a demonstrably equivalent efficiency can be used for manure storage and
animal housing in order to comply with paragraphs 8 and 10, or where a Party judges the reduction of emissions from manure
storage required under paragraph 9 not to be technically or economically feasible, documentation to this effect shall be reported in
accordance with article 7, paragraph 1 (a).

(2) For the purpose of the present annex, ‘a country with an economy in transition’ means a Party that has made with its instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession a declaration that it wishes to be treated as a country with an economy in transition for
the purposes of paragraphs 6 and/or 9 of this annex.