Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants
Date: 2001-10-23
Institutions: Council of the European Union, European Parliament
Subjects: air quality, environmental protection, environmental standard, eutrophication, pollution control, public health

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DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 23 October 2001

on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION,

(3)

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Community, and in particular Article 175(1) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),

Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee (2),

Having regard to the Opinion of
Regions (3),

the Committee of

the

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article
251 of the Treaty (4), in the light of the joint text approved by
the Conciliation Committee on 2 August 2001,

Whereas:

(1)

the

objectives

the Governments of

approach and strategy of

The general
Fifth
Environmental Action Programme was approved by the
Resolution of 1 February 1993 of the Council and the
Representatives of
the Member
States meeting within the Council on a Community
programme of policy and action in relation to the
environment and sustainable development (5) and it sets
as
for
acidification in the Community are not to be exceeded.
The programme requires that all people should be
effectively protected against health risks
from air
pollution and that permitted levels of pollution should
take account of the protection of the environment. The
programme also requires that guideline values from the
should become
World Health Organisation (WHO)
mandatory at Community level.

critical

levels

loads

that

and

(2)

signed the Gothenburg
The Member States have
Protocol of 1 December 1999 to the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention
on long-range transboundary air pollution to abate
acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone.

(1) OJ C 56 E, 29.2.2000, p. 34.
(2) OJ C 51, 23.2.2000, p. 11.
(3) OJ C 317, 6.11.2000, p. 35.
(4) Opinion of the European Parliament of 15 March 2000 (OJ C 377,
29.12.2000, p. 159), Council Common Position of 7 November
2000 (OJ C 375, 28.12.2000, p. 1) and Decision of the European
Parliament of 14 March 2001 (not yet published in the Official
Journal). Decision of the European Parliament of 20 September
2001 and Decision of the Council of 27 September 2001.

(5) OJ C 138, 17.5.1993, p. 1.

Decision No 2179/98/EC of the European Parliament
and of
the Council of 24 September 1998 on the
the European Community programme of
review of
policy and action in relation to the environment and
sustainability(cid:146) (6)
sustainable
specified that particular attention should be given to
developing and implementing a strategy with the goal
of ensuring that critical loads, in relation to exposure to
acidifying,
air
pollutants, are not exceeded.

photochemical

development

eutrophying

(cid:145)Towards

and

Council Directive 92/72/EEC of 21 September 1992 on
air pollution by ozone (7) requires the Commission to
submit to the Council a report on the evaluation of
Community,
photochemical
accompanied by any proposals the Commission deems
air pollution by
appropriate on the
ground-level ozone and,
if necessary, on reducing
emissions of ozone precursors.

control of

pollution

the

in

Significant areas of
the Community are exposed to
depositions of acidifying and eutrophying substances at
levels which have adverse effects on the environment.
The WHO guideline values for the protection of human
health and vegetation from photochemical pollution are
substantially exceeded in all Member States.

The exceedance of critical
gradually eliminated and guideline levels respected.

loads should therefore be

it

is not

technically feasible to meet

At present
the
long-term objectives of eliminating the adverse effects of
acidification and reducing exposure to ground-level
ozone of man and the environment to the guideline
values established by the WHO. It is therefore necessary
to provide for
interim environmental objectives for
acidification and ground-level ozone pollution, on
which the necessary measures to reduce such pollution
are to be based.

Interim environmental objectives and the measures to
meet them should take account of technical feasibility
and the associated costs and benefits. Such measures
should ensure that any action taken is cost-effective for
the Community as a whole and should take account of
the need to avoid excessive costs for any individual
Member State.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(6) OJ L 275, 10.10.1998, p. 1.
(7) OJ L 297, 13.10.1992, p. 1.

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(9)

(10)

Transboundary pollution contributes
to acidification,
soil eutrophication and ground-level ozone formation,
the
coordinated
Community action.

of which

abatement

requires

emissions

Reducing
causing
acidification and exposure to ground-level ozone will
also reduce soil eutrophication.

pollutants

the

of

(15)

(16)

(11) A set of national ceilings for each Member State for
emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile
organic compounds and ammonia is a cost-effective
way of meeting interim environmental objectives. Such
emission ceilings will allow the Community and the
Member States flexibility in determining how to comply
with them.

be necessary

(12) Member States should be responsible for implementing
measures to comply with national emission ceilings. It
progress
will
towards
ceilings. National
compliance with
should
for
programmes
therefore be drawn up and reported on to the
Commission and should include information on the
measures adopted or envisaged to comply with the
emission ceilings.

the reduction of emissions

evaluate
emission

to
the

(13)

(14)

In accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set
in
out in Article 5 of the Treaty and taking account,
particular, of the precautionary principle, the objective
this Directive, namely limitation of emissions of
of
acidifying
and ozone
and eutrophying pollutants
precursors, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the
Member States because of the transboundary nature of
the pollution and can therefore be better achieved by
the Community;
in accordance with the principle of
proportionality this Directive does not go beyond what
is necessary to achieve that purpose.

is

likely

to meet

There should be a timely review of the progress made
by Member States towards the emission ceilings, as well
as a review of the extent to which implementing the
ceilings
interim environmental
objectives, for the Community as a whole. Such review
should consider also scientific and technical progress,
developments in Community legislation and emission
reductions outside the Community with special regard
to progress made inter alia by the accession candidate
the Commission should
countries.
the costs and
undertake a further examination of
including their
benefits of
emission ceilings,
and
cost-effectiveness, marginal
socio-economic
on
competitiveness. The review should also consider the
limitations on the scope of this Directive.

and benefits
impact
any

costs
and

In that

review,

impact

the

it

considers

it necessary, propose

The Commission should for this purpose prepare a
report to the European Parliament and the Council and,
appropriate
if
amendments to this Directive taking account of
the
effects of any relevant Community legislation inter alia
for
setting emission limits and product
relevant
international
and
regulations concerning ship and aircraft emissions.

emissions

standards

sources

of

should

Such emissions

Sea transport is a significant contributor to emissions of
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and also to
concentrations and depositions of air pollutants in the
Community.
therefore be
reduced. Article 7(3) of Council Directive 1999/32/EC
of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur
content of certain liquid fuels and amending Directive
93/12/EEC (1)
the Commission to consider
which measures
the
taken to reduce
the combustion of
contribution to acidification of
marine fuels other than those specified in Article 2(3) of
that Directive.

could be

requires

(17) Member States should seek to ratify Annex VI to the
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships (MARPOL) as soon as possible.

(18) Owing to the transboundary nature of acidification and
the Commission should continue to
ozone pollution,
examine
the need to develop harmonised
further
Community measures, without prejudice to Article 18
of Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996
concerning
and
control (2), with the aim of avoiding distortion of
competition, and taking into account
the balance
between benefits and cost of action.

prevention

integrated

pollution

(19)

(20)

The provisions of this Directive should apply without
to the Community legislation regulating
prejudice
emissions of those pollutants from specific sources and
to the provisions of Council Directive 96/61/EC in
relation to emission limit values and use of best
available techniques.

Emission inventories are necessary to monitor progress
towards compliance with the emission ceilings and must
be calculated in accordance with internationally agreed
methodology
the
Commission and the European Environment Agency
(EEA).

on regularly

reported

and

to

(21) Member States should lay down rules on penalties
applicable to infringements of
this
Directive and ensure that they are implemented. The
and
penalties
dissuasive.

the provisions of

proportionate

effective,

should

be

(1) OJ L 121, 11.5.1999, p. 13.
(2) OJ L 257, 10.10.1996, p. 26.

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(22)

The measures necessary for the implementation of this
Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council
Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down
the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers
conferred on the Commission (1).

(23)

The Commission and Members States should cooperate
internationally with a view to achieving the objectives
of this Directive,

(c)

(d)

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Article 1

Objective

in order

risks of adverse effects

The aim of this Directive is to limit emissions of acidifying and
eutrophying pollutants and ozone precursors
to
improve the protection in the Community of the environment
and human health against
from
acidification, soil eutrophication and ground-level ozone and
to move towards the long-term objectives of not exceeding
critical levels and loads and of effective protection of all people
from air pollution by
against
establishing national emission ceilings, taking the years 2010
and 2020 as benchmarks, and by means of successive reviews
as set out in Articles 4 and 10.

recognised health risks

lg/m3 (=60 ppb) and 120 lg/m3 accumulated throughout
the year;

(cid:145)critical load(cid:146) means a quantitative estimate of an exposure
to one or more pollutants below which significant adverse
effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment
do not occur, according to present knowledge;

(cid:145)critical level(cid:146) means the concentration of pollutants in the
atmosphere
effects on
receptors, such as human beings, plants, ecosystems or
materials, may occur, according to present knowledge;

above which direct

adverse

(e)

(cid:145)emission(cid:146) means the release of a substance from a point or
diffuse source into the atmosphere;

(f)

(cid:145)grid cell(cid:146) means a square 150 km x 150 km, which is the
resolution used when mapping critical
loads on a
European scale, and also when monitoring emissions and
the Cooperative
depositions of
air pollutants under
the
for Monitoring
Programme
long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants
in Europe
(EMEP);

Evaluation of

and

Article 2

Scope

(g)

(cid:145)landing and take-off cycle(cid:146) means a cycle represented by
the following time in each operating mode: approach 4,0
minutes;
take-off 0,7
minutes; climb 2,2 minutes;

taxi/ground idle 26,0 minutes,

This Directive covers emissions in the territory of the Member
States and their exclusive economic zones from all sources of
the pollutants referred to in Article 4 which arise as a result of
human activities.

(h)

(cid:145)national emission ceiling(cid:146) means the maximum amount of
a substance expressed in kilotonnes, which may be emitted
from a Member State in a calendar year;

It does not cover:

(a) emissions from international maritime traffic;

(b) aircraft emissions beyond the landing and take-off cycle;

(c)

for Spain, emissions in the Canary Islands;

(d) for France, emissions in the overseas departments;

(e)

for Portugal, emissions in Madeira and the Azores.

Article 3

Definitions

For the purposes of this Directive:

(a)

(cid:145)AOT 40(cid:146) means the sum of the difference between hourly
concentrations of ground-level ozone greater
than 80
lg/m3 (= 40 ppb) and 80 lg/m3 during daylight hours
accumulated from May to July each year;

(b)

(cid:145)AOT 60(cid:146) means the sum of the difference between hourly
concentrations of ground-level ozone greater than 120

(1) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

(i)

(cid:145)nitrogen oxides(cid:146) and (cid:145)NOx(cid:146) mean nitric oxide and nitrogen
dioxide, expressed as nitrogen dioxide;

(j)

(cid:145)ground-level ozone(cid:146) means ozone in the lowermost part of
the troposphere;

(k)

(cid:145)volatile organic compounds(cid:146) and (cid:145)VOC(cid:146) mean all organic
compounds arising from human activities, other
than
methane, which are capable of producing photochemical
oxidants by reactions with nitrogen oxides in the presence
of sunlight.

Article 4

National emission ceilings

(SO2), nitrogen oxides

By the year 2010 at the latest, Member States shall limit
1.
sulphur
their annual national emissions of
organic
dioxide
compounds (VOC) and ammonia (NH3) to amounts not greater
than the emission ceilings laid down in Annex I, taking into
account any modifications made by Community measures
adopted following the reports referred to in Article 9.

the pollutants
volatile

(NOx),

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2. Member States shall ensure that the emission ceilings laid
down in Annex I are not exceeded in any year after 2010.

Article 5

Interim environmental objectives

4. Member States shall make available to the public and to
appropriate organisations such as environmental organisations
the programmes drawn up in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2
Information made available to the public and to
and 3.
organisations
clear,
paragraph
under
comprehensible and easily accessible.

shall

this

be

The national emission ceilings in Annex I shall have as their
purpose to meet broadly the following interim environmental
objectives, for the Community as a whole, by 2010:

Article 7

Emission inventories and projections

(a) Acidification

The areas where critical
loads are exceeded shall be
reduced by at least 50 % (in each grid cell) compared with
the 1990 situation.

(b) Health-related ground-level ozone exposure

and annually update
shall prepare
1. Member States
national emission inventories and emission projections for
2010 for the pollutants referred to in Article 4.

2. Member States shall establish their emission inventories
and projections using the methodologies specified in Annex III.

The ground-level ozone load above the critical
level for
human health (AOT60=0) shall be reduced by two-thirds
in all grid cells compared with the 1990 situation.
In
addition, the ground-level ozone load shall not exceed an
absolute limit of 2,9 ppm.h in any grid cell.

The Commission, assisted by the European Environment
3.
Agency, shall, in cooperation with the Member States and on
the basis of
the information provided by them, establish
inventories and projections of the pollutants referred to in
Article 4. The inventories and projections shall be made
publicly available.

(c) Vegetation-related ground-level ozone exposure

The ground-level ozone load above the critical
level for
crops and semi-natural vegetation (AOT40=3 ppm.h) shall
be reduced by one-third in all grid cells compared with the
1990 situation. In addition, the ground-level ozone load
shall not exceed an absolute limit of 10 ppm.h, expressed
as an exceedance of the critical level of 3 ppm.h in any
grid cell.

Article 6

National programmes

1. Member States shall, by 1 October 2002 at the latest,
draw up programmes for the progressive reduction of national
emissions of the pollutants referred to in Article 4 with the
aim of complying at least with the national emission ceilings
laid down in Annex I by 2010 at the latest.

The national programmes shall

2.
include information on
adopted and envisaged policies and measures and quantified
estimates of
these policies and measures on
emissions of the pollutants in 2010. Anticipated significant
changes in the geographical distribution of national emissions
shall be indicated.

the effect of

Any updating of

4.
to be used in
accordance with Annex III, shall be made in accordance with
the procedure set out in Article 13(2).

the methodologies

Article 8

Reports by the Member States

1. Member States shall each year, by 31 December at the
latest, report
their national emission inventories and their
emission projections for 2010 established in accordance with
Article 7 to the Commission and the European Environment
Agency. They shall report their final emission inventories for
the previous year but one and their provisional emission
inventories for the previous year. Emission projections shall
include information to enable a quantitative understanding of
the key socioeconomic assumptions used in their preparation.

2. Member States shall, by 31 December 2002 at the latest,
the programmes drawn up in
inform the Commission of
accordance with Article 6(1) and (2).

Member States shall, by 31 December 2006 at
the latest,
inform the Commission of the updated programmes drawn up
in accordance with Article 6(3).

3. Member States
programmes as necessary by 1 October 2006.

shall update and revise the national

3.
The Commission shall forward the national programmes
received to the other Member States within one month of their
reception.

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The Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure
to ensure

4.
in Article 13(2), establish provisions
set out
consistent and transparent reporting of national programmes.

(g) developments in the field of agriculture, new livestock
in emission reduction

and improvements
projections
methods in the agricultural sector;

Article 9

Reports by the Commission

1.
In 2004 and 2008 the Commission shall report to the
European Parliament and the Council on progress on the
implementation of the national emission ceilings laid down in
Annex I and on the extent to which the interim environmental
objectives set out in Article 5 are likely to be met by 2010 and
on the extent to which the long-term objectives set out in
Article 1 could be met by 2020. The reports shall include an
economic assessment, including cost-effectiveness, benefits, an
assessment
the
costs
socioeconomic impact of the implementation of the national
emission ceilings on particular Member States and sectors.
They shall also include a review of the limitations of the scope
of this Directive as defined in Article 2 and an evaluation of
to which further emission reductions might be
the extent
necessary in order
interim environmental
objectives set out in Article 5. They shall take into account the
reports made by Member States pursuant to Article 8(1) and
(2), as well as, inter alia:

of marginal

to meet

benefits

and

and

the

(h) any major changes in the energy supply market within a
Member State and new forecasts reflecting the actions
taken by Member States to comply with their international
obligations in relation to climate change;

(i) assessment of the current and projected exceedances of
for

and the WHO’s guideline

values

critical
ground-level ozone;

loads

(j)

the possibility of
objective for reducing soil eutrophication;

identification of a proposed interim

(k) new technical and scientific data including an assessment

of the uncertainties in:

(i) national emission inventories;

(ii)

input reference data;

(iii) knowledge

of

the

transboundary

transport

and

deposition of pollutants;

(iv) critical loads and levels;

(v) the model used;

(a) any new Community legislation which may have been
adopted setting emission limits and product standards for
relevant sources of emissions;

and an assessment of
national emission ceilings required to meet
environmental objectives mentioned in Article 5.

the resulting uncertainty in the
the interim

(b) developments

the
framework of the exchange of information under Article
16 of Directive 96/61/EC;

techniques

available

best

of

in

(c) emission reduction objectives for 2008 for emissions of
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from existing large
combustion plants, reported by Member States pursuant to
Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of
emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large
combustion plants (1);

(d) emission reductions and reduction commitments by third
countries, with particular focus on measures to be taken in
the accession candidate countries, and the possibility for
further emission reductions in regions in the vicinity of the
Community;

(e) any new Community legislation and any international

regulations concerning ship and aircraft emissions;

(l) whether there is a need to avoid excessive costs for any

individual Member State;

(m) a comparison of model calculations with observations of
acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone with a
view to improving models;

(n) the possible use, where appropriate, of relevant economic

instruments.

and on progress

In 2012 the Commission shall report to the European
2.
Parliament and the Council on compliance with the ceilings in
Annex I
interim
environmental objectives
in Article 5 and the long-term
objectives set out in Article 1. Its report shall take account of
the reports made by Member States pursuant to Article 8(1)
and (2) as well as the matters listed in points (a) to (n) of
paragraph 1.

in relation to the

Article 10

Review

(f)

the development of transport and any further action to
control transport emissions;

(1) See p. 1 of this edition of the Official Journal.

The reports referred to in Article 9 shall

take into
1.
account the factors listed in Article 9(1). In the light of these
factors, of progress towards attaining the emission ceilings by
the year 2010, of scientific and technical progress, and of the
situation regarding progress
towards attaining the interim
objectives of this Directive and the long-term objectives of no

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exceedance of critical loads and levels and of WHO air quality
guidelines for ozone, the Commission shall carry out a review
of this Directive in preparation for each report.

of
information, concerning technical and scientific research
and development and with the aim of improving the basis for
the facilitation of emission reductions.

In the review to be completed in 2004 an evaluation will
2.
be carried out of
the indicative emission ceilings for the
Community as a whole set out in Annex II. The evaluation of
these indicative ceilings shall be a factor for consideration
during analysis of further cost-effective actions that might be
taken in order to reduce emissions of all relevant pollutants,
with the aim of attaining the interim environmental objectives
set out in Article 5, for the Community as a whole by 2010.

All reviews shall

3.
include a further investigation of the
estimated costs and benefits of national emission ceilings,
computed with state-of-the-art models and making use of the
best available data to achieve the least possible uncertainty and
taking also into account progress in the enlargement of the
European Union,
alternative
of
methodologies, in the light of the factors listed in Article 9.

the merits

and

of

4. Without prejudice to Article 18 of Directive 96/61/EC,
with the aim of avoiding distortion of competition, and taking
into account the balance between benefits and costs of action,
the Commission shall examine further the need to develop
relevant
harmonised Community measures,
economic sectors and products contributing to acidification,
eutrophication and formation of ground-level ozone.

the most

for

Article 12

Reports concerning ship and aircraft emission

By the end of 2002 the Commission shall report to the
1.
European Parliament and Council on the extent
to which
emissions from international maritime traffic contribute to
acidification, eutrophication and the formation of ground-level
ozone within the Community.

By the end of 2004 the Commission shall report to the
2.
European Parliament and Council on the extent
to which
emissions from aircraft beyond the landing and take-off cycle
contribute to acidification, eutrophication and the formation of
ground-level ozone within the Community.

Each report shall specify a programme of actions which
3.
could be taken at
international and Community level as
appropriate to reduce emissions from the sector concerned, as
a basis for further consideration by the European Parliament
and Council.

Article 13

Committee

The reports referred to in Article 9 will, if appropriate,

5.
be accompanied by proposals for:

1.
The Commission shall be assisted by the Committee set
up by Article 12 of Directive 96/62/EC, hereinafter referred to
as (cid:145)the Committee(cid:146).

(a) modifications of the national ceilings in Annex I with the
aim of meeting the interim environmental objectives of
Article 5 and/or
interim
for modifications
environmental objectives;

to those

(b) possible further emission reductions with the aim of
meeting, preferably by 2020, the long-term objectives of
this Directive;

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 4
and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to
the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

The period referred to in Article 4(3) of Decision 1999/468/EC
shall be set at three months.

3.

The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure.

(c) measures to ensure compliance with the ceilings.

Article 14

Penalties

Article 11

Member States shall determine the penalties applicable to
breaches of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this
Directive. The penalties shall be effective, proportionate and
dissuasive.

Cooperation with third countries

To promote the achievement of the objective set out in Article
1, the Commission and Member States, as appropriate, shall,
without prejudice to Article 300 of the Treaty, pursue bilateral
and multilateral cooperation with third countries and relevant
international organisations
the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO), including through the exchange

such as

Article 15

Transposition

1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations
and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this
Directive before 27 November 2002. They shall
forthwith
inform the Commission thereof.

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those provisions,

When Member States adopt
they shall
contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by
such reference on the occasion of their official publication.
Member States shall determine how such reference is to be
made.

2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the
text of the main provisions of national law, which they adopt
in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 16

Entry into force

This Directive shall enter
publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

into force on the day of

its

Article 17

Addressees

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Luxembourg, 23 October 2001.

For the European Parliament

The President

N. FONTAINE

For the Council

The President

A. NEYTS-UYTTEBROECK

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National emission ceilings for SO2, NOx, VOC and NH3, to be attained by 2010 (1)

ANNEX I

Country

SO2
Kilotonnes

NOx
Kilotonnes

VOC
Kilotonnes

NH3
Kilotonnes

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

UK

39

99

55

110

375

520

523

42

475

4

50

160

746

67

585

EC 15

3 850

103

176

127

170

810

1 051

344

65

990

11

260

250

847

148

1 167

6 519

159

139

85

130

1 050

995

261

55

1 159

9

185

180

662

241

1 200

6 510

66

74

69

31

780

550

73

116

419

7

128

90

353

57

297

3 110

(1) These national emission ceilings are designed with the aim of broadly meeting the interim environmental objectives set out in Article
5. Meeting those objectives is expected to result in a reduction of soil eutrophication to such an extent that the Community area
with depositions of nutrient nitrogen in excess of the critical loads will be reduced by about 30% compared with the situation in
1990.

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ANNEX II

Emission ceilings for SO2, NOx and VOC (thousand tonnes)

EC 15

SO2
Kilotonnes

3 634

NOx
Kilotonnes

5 923

VOC
Kilotonnes

5 581

These emission ceilings are designed with the aim of attaining the interim environmental objectives set out in Article 5
for the Community as a whole by 2010.

ANNEX III

Methodologies for emission inventories and projections

Member States shall establish emission inventories and projections using the methodologies agreed upon by the
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and are requested to use the joint EMEP/CORINAIR(*)
guidebook in preparing these inventories and projections.

(*) Air emissions inventory of the European Environment Agency.