Report from the Commission - Annual Report on Humanitarian Aid 2000
Date: 2001-06-08
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU aid, aid policy, aid system, humanitarian aid, report

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 8.6.2001
COM(2001) 307 final

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT ON HUMANITARIAN AID 2000

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION

ANNUAL REPORT ON HUMANITARIAN AID 2000

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 3

1.

2.

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

2.4.

GENERAL POLICY FRAMEWORK........................................................................... 4

OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 5

Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific ....................................................................... 6

Central and Eastern European countries, NIS countries............................................. 8

Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East .......................................... 10

Disaster preparedness- DIPECHO .......................................................................... 12

3.

CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ....................................................................................... 13

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

3.4.

4.

5.

Relations with partners - FPA ................................................................................. 13

Grant Facility/ NOHA ............................................................................................ 13

Communication and Information ............................................................................ 13

Budget, audit and evaluation................................................................................... 14

OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES ........................................................................... 15

STATISTICAL ANNEXES ........................................................................................ 15

ANNEX 1

Overview of Financial Decisions 1995 – 2000

ANNEX 1A ECHO Contracts 1998 – 2000

ANNEX 1B Financial Decisions for EC Humanitarian Aid by Source of Finance

ANNEX 2

Financial Decisions in 2000 – Geographical Distribution

ANNEX 2A Geographical Distribution of Financial Decisions 1998 – 2000

ANNEX 2B Distribution of funding decisions by country/(sub-)region

ANNEX 3

Distribution of Contracts by Implementing Partners

ANNEX 3A Distribution of Funding by Groups of Partners 1998 – 2000

ANNEX 3B ECHO Contracts by Group and Nationality of Partners 1998 – 2000

ANNEX 4

Projects funded under the Grant Facility 2000

2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The global humanitarian situation in 2000 was characterised by inconclusive trends. With
respect to natural disasters, the single most important events with humanitarian implications
were the floods in Mozambique and in South East Asia, and the drought in the Horn of
Africa. Globally, the humanitarian impact of natural disasters was lower in 2000 than in 1999
because less populated areas were affected.

The situation regarding man-made disasters is different, however. Not only have most
protracted crises and wars persisted, but the total number of ongoing wars and violent crises
had increased to 36 by the end of 2000. Theatres of particular concern include the Northern
local
Caucasus, Colombia, Israel/West Bank and Gaza Strip and Afghanistan. Several
conflicts in Africa have spilt over into a large crisis belt spanning the continent from Sudan,
through the DR Congo and the Great Lakes to Angola. An important indicator for the
humanitarian dimension of these events is the number of refugees and internally displaced
persons (IDP), estimated at 20-25 million world-wide. These numbers - though lower than in
the mid-1990s - are unacceptably high, not least because they risk destabilising the host
countries themselves.

€

€

491.7 million. 993 contracts for a total of

ECHO´s response to humanitarian crises in 2000 was channelled through 121 funding
decisions for a total amount of
545 million (this
includes 242 contracts to implement 1999 decisions) were signed to fund humanitarian
projects in more than 60 countries. The geographical distribution of funds reflects the
dramatic improvement of the situation in the Western Balkans in 2000, reducing Ex-
346 million from the Commission´s
Yugoslavia´s share from 55% in 1999 (which included
budget reserve for the victims of the Kosovo crisis) to 20% in 2000. The share of funds that
went to ACP states in 2000 reached 35% in 2000 (1999: 16%). As for the other regions, Asia
received 16% (1999: 11%), North Africa/Middle East 10% (1999: 2.5%), NIS 10% (1999:
6.8%)and Latin America 6% (1999: 6%). 3% cannot be attributed to a specific country (e.g.
expert costs, grants).

€

With respect to the type of partners, the three main partner groups were EC-NGOs (65% of
ECHO funding was implemented through them),
the United Nations (19%) and other
International Organisations (10%). Through its partners, ECHO was able to provide relief to
at least 18 million people.

ECHO has begun to implement its action plan resulting from the 1999 "Article 20" evaluation
and has introduced a number of organisational and procedural changes to further enhance
the effectiveness of its operations. However, the year 2000 has not brought the much-needed
breakthrough to resolve a number of challenges that all humanitarian donors are
confronted with, such as the increasing number of security incidents, denial of access to
victims, risks of negatively influencing fragile local communities through aid. The expanding
list of persistent man-made crises and the long-term trend towards more and increasingly
damaging natural disasters due to demographic change and environmental degradation are
worrying symptoms of the international community´s striking lack of problem-solving
capacity. Humanitarian aid, in this context, can treat symptoms. It cannot address the root
causes of these problems. These have to be addressed through other means: conflict
prevention, environmental protection and sustainable development.

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1.

GENERAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

The year 2000 was a year of transition for ECHO during which the political agenda set by
Commissioner Poul Nielson gave new orientations in three important policy areas, namely the
so-called "gap" between relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD), relations with the
United Nations, and administrative reform. As part of the overall reform effort1 and under
the leadership of ECHO´s new Director, Mrs Costanza Adinolfi, ECHO introduced concrete
steps to implement the recommendations of the so-called "Article 20 evaluation"2. In line with
these recommendations and with the overall Commission reform process, the measures focus
on three strategic objectives: defining ECHO´s role vis-à-vis the other Community
instruments in the field of external relations in a clearer and more coherent manner,
restructuring ECHO´s internal organisation and working methods, and improving the
performance of ECHO´s operations.

With regard to the institutional and policy aspects, priority has been given to elaborating a
more coherent division of labour between Community instruments in the area of external
relations, mainly with respect
to the "grey zone" between relief, rehabilitation and
development operations, but also in relation to conflict prevention and crisis management.
ECHO´s role has been clarified in a way that focuses more clearly on its core mandate, i.e.
providing immediate life saving relief in emergencies, and that will maintain its operational
independence vis-à-vis non-military crisis management. This will ensure ECHO´s vital
impartiality in humanitarian crises. A communication on the "grey zone" is being prepared.
Work on a communication on building a more effective partnership with the United Nations
in development cooperation and humanitarian affairs has been launched as well. It will
emphasise the strategic priority of EC/UN relations for the Commission.

With respect to ECHO´s organisational structure, a new organigramme was introduced in
June 2000. It is designed to organise all ECHO´s activities in order to support the delivery of
humanitarian aid in the most efficient way. Particular
importance has been given to
reinforcing the support function of ECHO´s administrative, conceptual, financial, audit and
evaluation components, which have been related more closely and logically to the procedural
and policy aspects of ECHO´s interventions in various geographical contexts. The new
organigramme also accommodates the need for quick and efficient reaction, and presents easy
and clear access for ECHO´s external partners.

ECHO has also initiated a review of its internal procedures with a view to facilitating and
accelerating the decision-making process, while at the same time maintaining an adequate
level of control. The package of measures adopted by the Commission in November 2000 on
the simplification of procedures opened the possibility for ECHO to introduce a fast-track
decision-making procedure. This will enable ECHO to fund projects within 24 -72 hours
after a sudden-onset disaster. The new procedure is expected to be operational in the first half
of 2001.

With respect
to the performance-based operational strategy, ECHO reinforced its
partnership with other humanitarian organisations and improved its method of strategic

1

2

Cf. Decision of the Commission of 16 May 2000
Communication COM (1999)468 final of 26.10.1999 on "Assessment and future of Community
humanitarian activities" (article 20 of Regulation (EC) 1257/96). The recommendations were largely
endorsed by Council and European Parliament. Cf. Minutes of the 2263th meeting of the Development
Council, 18 May 2000, p.17-18, and Report of the Development Cooperation Committee, 28 June 2000
("Imbeni Report").

4

programming. In close dialogue with partners, for example, the technical documents of the
Framework Partnership Agreement were simplified and clarified, and more flexibility was
introduced. To introduce more transparency and predictability into the planning process,
ECHO, for the first time in its existence, held a broad strategic dialogue with Member States,
including the United
the European Parliament and the main humanitarian organisations,
Nations, about its operational and thematic priorities for the coming year.

2.

OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONS

to natural disasters,

ECHO´s interventions closely followed the evolution of the global humanitarian situation in
2000. With respect
important events with humanitarian
implications were the floods in Mozambique and in South East Asia, and the droughts
affecting the Horn of Africa. With 850 natural disaster events, 2000 was a record year
although the death toll was lower than in 1999 because disasters generally affected less
populated areas3.

the most

Despite the positive developments in the Balkans, the global situation concerning man-made
disasters remains challenging. Not only have most protracted crises and wars persisted, but
the total number of ongoing wars and violent crises increased from 28 in 1996 to 36 at the end
of 20004, resulting in 20-25 million refugees or IDPs world wide5. Areas of main concern for
ECHO include the Northern Caucasus, Colombia and Afghanistan. Several local conflicts in
Africa have spilt over into a large crisis belt spanning the continent from Sudan, through the
Great Lakes to Angola. ECHO´s geographical focus in 2000 reflects this situation.

€

ECHO´s response to humanitarian crises in 2000 was channelled through 121 funding
491.7 million to fund humanitarian projects in more than 60
decisions for a total of
countries. The regional distribution of funds reflects the dramatic improvement of the
situation in the Western Balkans to which 20% of the funding was allocated in 2000 as
compared to 55% in 1999. That year, however, was exceptional since ECHO’s initial budget
346 million from the
was revised to include additional allocations for the Kosovo crisis (
emergency aid reserve).

€

The share of funds allocated to the ACP region in 2000 reached 35%, mainly addressing the
deteriorating situation in the DRC and West Africa, and the droughts in the eastern part of the
continent. Allocations to other regions remained more or less stable, with 16% going to Asia
10% to North Africa/Middle East and the CIS/NIS respectively and 6% to Latin America.

Many ECHO interventions funded projects specifically designed to meet the needs of the
16.7 million, for
most vulnerable population segments. 47 projects with a total budget of
example, addressed the specific needs of disaster-affected children.

€

ECHO´s main partner group remains EC-NGOs (65% of funding), followed by the UN
(19%) and other International Organisations (10%). The strong emphasis on food aid
operations due to the droughts in many regions meant that the World Food Programme was
the biggest individual partner in 2000 (

43 million in contracts).

€

3

4

5

10,000 compared to 80,000 persons in 1999. Source: Munich Re; IFCR World Disasters Report 2000.
Heidelberger Institut für Internationale Konfliktforschung: Konfliktbarometer 2000.
Brookings Institution Project on Internal Displacement, Occasional Paper, September 2000, and
UNHCR Refugees and Others of Concern to UNHCR - 1999 Statistical Overview.

5

Through its partners, ECHO was able to provide relief to approximately 18 million people.

2.1

AFRICA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND THE PACIFIC

Central Africa

With none of the belligerents in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) conflict abiding
by the terms of the Lusaka cease-fire agreement and UN Resolutions, the crisis deepened in
2000 into a humanitarian catastrophe of unprecedented proportions. In June an independent
report estimated that 1.7 million “extra” deaths had been brought about by the conflict in
under two years, of which only 12% were thought to have been caused directly by acts of
violence. People are dying not from bullets, but from malnutrition and easily treated diseases
such as malaria. In these circumstances, ECHO further refined and consolidated its strategy,
which aims to provide access to basic primary health care in one third of the country’s 300
health districts. Taking funds decided in 1999 but implemented in 2000 together with the
intervention plan of
30 million to
humanitarian operations in DRC in 2000.

20 million approved in June, ECHO contributed around

€

€

Tanzania is still hosting the largest refugee population on the continent with 400,000
Burundian and 100,000 Congolese living in camps in the Western provinces. ECHO
contributed just under
27 million to the Tanzania refugee programme in 2000 through the
UN and the Red Cross, thus effectively funding more than one third of the total humanitarian
aid available to refugees in this country.

€

The humanitarian situation in Burundi did not significantly improve in 2000, with sporadic
fighting and general insecurity dominating in a large part of the country. In this context,
13,7 million to assist the most vulnerable population segments, namely
ECHO allocated
children, IDPs and people without access to clean drinking water or sanitation.

€

ECHO successfully instigated its withdrawal from two countries in which it had previously
had a significant involvement: (a) Rwanda, where ECHO pulled out at the beginning of 2000,
making way for more appropriate, structural instruments, and (b) Congo-Brazzaville, where
the return of the majority of refugees and IDPs enabled ECHO to start phasing out its
programmes.

Horn of Africa and Eastern Africa

In 2000, the situation in this region was mainly characterised by the drought affecting
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya and Somalia, and by the war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. ECHO
reacted quickly and flexibly to both events.

€

Although ECHO had no previous permanent presence or major operations in Ethiopia, the
indicators of the far-reaching consequences of the drought prompted a series of
first
emergency decisions, totalling
9.4 million in 2000, thereby contributing substantially, for
example, to an ICRC complementary feeding programme for 188,000 people. Furthermore,
ECHO seconded an ECHO Flight aircraft to WFP to facilitate the drought-related relief
efforts in the logistically difficult environment of south east Ethiopia. In addition to this,
€
ECHO signed a contract worth
5 million for this agency in favour of the war-displaced populations in Tigray. To enable close
co-ordination with partners and other donors, ECHO opened an office in Addis Ababa.

3.5 million with WFP (1999 budget) and released another

€

6

In Eritrea, ECHO’s involvement in 2000 focused on the needs created by the border war with
Ethiopia. ECHO supported water/sanitation and health/nutrition interventions, the provision
of non-food items and shelter for IDPs and deportees. This included, e.g., the provision of
6,000 tents. ECHO thus significantly contributed to stabilising the situation of the vulnerable
population groups living in camps and - to a somewhat lesser extent - of those living with host
communities. The newly opened ECHO office in Asmara will continue to have a crucial role
in monitoring the needs of the camp populations as long as these persist. ECHO may also take
on a limited role in assisting the return and reintegration of IDPs and refugees. In the course
of the year, emergency funding of

8 million was made available.

€

In Kenya, ECHO´s intervention was focused on alleviating the effects of the drought in the
€
northern and eastern parts of the country.
4 million were allocated for nutritional and
400,000 were
livestock programmes as well as for emergency water projects. A further
made available to combat malaria in the south western highlands of Kenya.

€

€

Central and southern Somalia, which are covered by ECHO, remained unstable throughout
2000 despite the establishment of a parliament and a government for the whole of the country.
In the absence of rehabilitation donors, ECHO continued with a focused
6.5 million
programme in the health and nutrition sector to ensure the survival of the most vulnerable.
€

The victims of the civil war in Sudan continued to receive considerable ECHO funding (
11
million). Although ECHO remains committed to neutral and impartial funding of all
populations in need, it nevertheless stopped funding for SPLM controlled areas in March
2000, prompted by the forced introduction of a Memorandum of Understanding to be signed
by NGOs working in that area. It was felt that the MoU compromised their ability to deliver
aid in accordance with humanitarian principles. This allowed for a re-focusing on largely
uncovered areas of South Sudan, where the humanitarian crisis was alleviated through the
provision of community survival kits for displaced populations.

West Africa

The main crisis theatre in the region, Sierra Leone/Guinea/Liberia remained unstable
throughout 2000 after the resumption of violence in late May. This provoked a new wave of
displacement from RUF to government-held areas. ECHO managed to react flexibly to these
events by modifying its operations in the country throughout the year. Projects funded by
ECHO targeted both refugees in neighboring countries (approx. 340,000) and IDPs in Sierra
Leone (approx. 400,000) itself. In order to minimize the risk of tensions, part of the assistance
was addressed to the host communities. ECHO´s projects also targeted children affected by
war and victims of mutilation. The total amount allocated to Sierra Leone and its neighbours
16.1 million. This includes addressing the needs of displaced populations and refugees
was
in neighbouring Guinea. Since September, Guinea, previously a relative stable country and
the main place of refuge for Sierra Leoneans and Liberians, has been the target of cross-
border attacks and internal violence. Funding also includes
1.7 million for a vaccination
campaign to combat the yellow fever epidemic in Guinea. The campaign reached 1 million
people, thereby effectively halting the epidemic after two months. The meningitis outbreak in
Chad and Niger required an intervention of
1.2 million to fund the vaccination of 2 million
people.

€

€

€

7

Southern Africa

There was no visible improvement of the situation for the war-affected population of Angola
where the civil war is continuing. 60% of the areas hosting IDPs were still without any
humanitarian presence although the rise in oil prices allowed a certain economic recovery of
the country. Discussions with DG Development have been launched to organise a hand-over
of certain projects (notably in the secondary health sector) to allow a better focusing of funds
on strictly humanitarian areas. In 2000, ECHO funded operations worth
15.7 million in
Angola.

€

Mozambique is not a country in which ECHO has been involved in recent years, but the
floods that engulfed the Limpopo, Save and Buzi river basins in February/March required a
rapid but co-ordinated and balanced response, particularly in view of the generous reaction of
the EU Member States and the general public to media coverage of the disaster. ECHO had a
senior field co-ordinator on the ground in Maputo within 48 hours of the main flooding, and a
Task Force comprising DG DEV, ECHO and SCR was immediately set up to ensure the
sustainability of an ECHO intervention designed from the outset to phase out at the beginning
of 2001. With most ECHO projects being phased out on schedule at the end of 2000,
Mozambique is a case of successful hand-over. With funds pouring in for relief activities
from other sources, ECHO focused on emergency resettlement, committing a total of just
under

10 million.

€

Indian Ocean

Hurricanes Eline, Gloria and Hudah hit Madagascar very badly. ECHO provided
1.6
million to mitigate the consequences of the disaster. The situation in the Comoros involving
2.1
the secessionist island of Anjouan required an intervention in the health sector of
million.

€

€

2.2

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, NIS COUNTRIES

Western Balkans

€

In 2000, the overall humanitarian situation in the Western Balkans dramatically improved.
ECHO’s allocation to the region has reflected this change, decreasing from
447 million in
1999 to
50 million of the 1999
98.7 million in 2000. It should, however, be noted that
allocation, which had been put in reserve, were actually used to fund projects in December
61 million for Kosovo, Serbia and
2000. The first major funding decision of the year (
Montenegro) was, thus, only enacted in June.

€

€

€

In the aftermath of the Kosovo crisis, ECHO drew the lessons of its intervention through a
self-assessment exercise in November 1999, which were endorsed by an independent external
evaluation during the first half of 2000. Recommendations have been integrated in the
ongoing ECHO strategy for the Balkans. The two main challenges for ECHO were to meet
the humanitarian needs of the most affected populations throughout the year, particularly
during the harsh winter months, and to support transition to reconstruction and longer-
term development.

8

As far as the former is concerned, ECHO provided food aid, shelter and winter needs
programmes as well as basic health and social services, water and sanitation. International
humanitarian assistance was thus able to meet basic needs, with no reported deaths from
exposure, epidemic or hunger.

In Serbia, ECHO like other humanitarian agencies, was faced with the largest refugee and
IDP population in Europe (508,000 refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, and
180,000 IDPs fleeing Kosovo). On a smaller scale, the situation in Montenegro is similar
(28,000 refugees and 32,000 IDPs). In Serbia, the economic decline has led to growing
poverty and increasing numbers of socially deprived people, particularly amongst the refugee
population, the main targets of ECHO interventions.

Although most of the refugees who fled to Albania and FYROM during the 1999 crisis
returned, the needs of those remaining had to be addressed. As most refugees and IDPs tend
to stay in host families rather than collective centres, ECHO ensured that some of its support
was directed towards the basic needs of host communities and thus to reduce “host fatigue”.

With the exception of Serbia, the situation in the Western Balkans at the end of 2000 could no
longer be qualified as an acute emergency situation. The main priority for ECHO was thus to
ensure a transition to reconstruction and longer term development, mainly through the
handing over of sectors of intervention to the appropriate institutions, reducing dependency
on humanitarian assistance, encouraging self-reliance activities and focusing on durable
solutions to the refugee situations. An important step forward in this respect was the formal
establishment of the European Agency for Reconstruction (EAR) in February 2000 that will
ensure the transition from emergency to reconstruction and development.

Even more important improvements can be expected from the political landmark changes in
significantly contribute to the process of stabilisation and
Yugoslavia, which will
reconciliation throughout the region. While the events in Belgrade fundamentally change the
context in which humanitarian agencies operate, the nature and scope of ECHO’s support was
not immediately affected, although increased coordination with other EC services and donors
who are coming in with long-term assistance instruments became necessary. The second
major funding decision taken by ECHO in 2000 (
31.6 million) addresses identified and
assessed priority needs of refugees, IDPs and other extremely vulnerable persons over the
winter in Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Albania and FYROM. In order to avoid a gap in
humanitarian assistance over the winter, a complementary decision has been foreseen under
the 2001 budget.

€

€

2 million were allocated to FYROM in August 2000 and in
In addition to the above,
November the decision was taken to allocate
3.7 million of aid in favour of the people
affected by the floods in Vojvodina. ECHO’s offices in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
were closed in May and in December 2000 respectively. Projects supporting the return of
refugees to Bosnia-Herzegovina, starting in 1999, were finalised whilst other longer term
Commission assistance programmes supporting that process have taken over.

€

NIS

In 2000, the overall humanitarian situation in the Newly Independent States (NIS) did not
improve. Though efforts have been made in many NIS countries to launch economic reforms,
no tangible results have yet been achieved as far as the living conditions of the general
population are concerned. On the contrary, public spending on the health and social sectors
tended to decrease, with hospital equipment becoming obsolete and the population finding it

9

increasingly difficult to obtain access to appropriate health care. Most affected are large
families, elderly and disabled people, and those living in social institutions, who suffer
particularly from the consequences of the continuously deteriorating economic situation and
whose coping mechanisms have practically been exhausted.

It is evident that the problems that have led to the difficult humanitarian situation are of a
structural nature. This renders a justification of ECHO's intervention difficult, especially in
the light of ECHO's refocusing on its core mandate. However, given the circumstances
mentioned above and the absence of other Community instruments more suitable to intervene
in this respect, ECHO continued to allocate funding - albeit limited - in 2000 (
8.25 million)
targeting well-identified groups at special risk such as children in institutions, isolated elderly
people and large families.

€

In accordance with ECHO's reorientation on its core mandate, gradual phasing down
continued in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine as well as in the Southern Caucasus
(Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) and Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan).

in view of the drought affecting the Southern Caucasus and,
€

in particular,
However,
Tajikistan in 2000, a special allocation (
15.6 million) had to be made to mitigate its
immediate negative ramifications.
In Tajikistan, ECHO involvement may have to be
continued for a limited period, until the country has mastered its post-conflict situation and
bilateral aid programmes or other European Community programmes have fully resumed.

ECHO made a limited allocation (
1.8 million) to respond to disastrous weather phenomena
(snowstorms, drought) in Mongolia, where it funded food security operations to help the most
vulnerable families and institutions.

€

€

In the Russian Federation, the armed conflict in Chechnya has led to large displacements of
23.2 million
people in the Northern Caucasus creating significant humanitarian needs. With
ECHO is by far the largest donor to that crisis, contributing significantly to international relief
efforts by funding, e.g., a UNHCR project providing not only food aid to 70,000 IDPs but
also to more than 8,000 host families in Ingushetia who had generously accommodated IDPs
from Chechnya. However, efforts by the international aid community to help cover those
needs have often been thwarted by extremely difficult working conditions, notably in
Chechnya itself. Aid organisations intending to work in Chechnya had to cope with a lengthy
"access and work permit system" and insufficient security guarantees. The Commission and
the organisations providing aid
have pleaded and continue to plead for a more cooperative
attitude from Russian authorities.

In the light of the continuing rapprochement of Central and Eastern European countries
towards the EU and their improving national economies, no ECHO funding was allocated to
operations there in 2000.

2.3

ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA

Asia

In the continent, several crises have required a response through ECHO-funded operations, as
the impact of long-lasting man-made conflicts has continued to affect millions, while natural
disasters of ever-increasing intensity have hit vast areas throughout Asia putting a strain on
local and international response capacities. Often, as for example in Afghanistan and

10

Indonesia, ECHO’s intervention has to target the effects of natural and man-made crises alike,
as regions already suffering from war or ethnic violence face the impact of dramatic weather
phenomena.

Indonesia is a country of growing humanitarian concern, with political, religious or ethnic
tensions increasing in scale and affecting new areas of the archipelago. ECHO’s involvement
targeted IDPs and victims affected by the conflicts in different and sometimes new operating
environments, such as the Moluccas, Aceh, Irian Jaya and West Timor as well as relief to
victims of the earthquakes in Sulawesi and Sumatra. ECHO’s funding, for a total of 7.5
million
, was directed at the provision of food and medical aid, sanitation as well as the
financing of a boat for the transport of drinking water.

€

As the focus of international assistance in East Timor gradually shifted from relief operations
€
to rehabilitation and development, ECHO contributed substantially (
10.5 million) to cover
remaining humanitarian concerns, mainly primary health care, psychosocial counselling and
shelter. With ECHO financing, district hospitals were able to ensure critical access to primary
health care in rural areas. In collaboration with UNHCR and IOM, ECHO funded the repair of
rural dwellings and the return of refugees.

The precarious situation in North Korea was exacerbated by devastating typhoons and
droughts. ECHO continued to provide humanitarian assistance (
8 million) through the four
European NGOs present in the country and the Red Cross family. Projects focused on the
health, water and sanitation sectors. Particular attention was paid to negotiating the respect for
humanitarian principles in DPRK (direct access to the beneficiaries, free monitoring, focus on
the most vulnerable groups). The DPRK authorities have now agreed to sign a Letter of
Understanding containing an affirmation of those principles for each ECHO-funded project.

€

Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan have been affected by the worst drought in 30 years. ECHO
9.5 million worth aid package to address this disaster and allocated it in
has drawn up a
proportion to the respective coping capacity of the three countries.

€

The bulk of aid from this package was attributed to war-ridden Afghanistan, supporting
drought victims via participatory "Food for Work" operations that link emergency with short-
term rehabilitation activities (e.g. to restore irrigation canals). The drought also provoked a
massive internal movement of people towards urban areas in search of food. Projects set up
by ECHO´s partners managed to stop this exodus in some areas (Ghor). ECHO intensified its
fight against the vulnerability of the urban population by involving local women in the
implementation of the projects. It also maintained funding for an emergency medical facility
along the front lines and a system of "emergency preparedness" in case of an outbreak of an
epidemic or an unforeseen influx of IDPs. In view of the scale of the crisis, ECHO increased
19 million in 2000.
funding for Afghanistan to a total of

€

Despite international relief efforts, the overall humanitarian conditions in Iraq remained
appalling, with a worrying child mortality rate and widespread malnutrition. While the
humanitarian needs in the North were addressed through the proceedings of the "Oil for food"
programme, the total amount of ECHO's aid in 2000 (8.6 million Euros) concentrated on
central and southern Iraq, where it tried to complement the programme by focusing on the
rehabilitation of primary health centres, hospitals, and water treatment plants.

11

Middle East and North Africa

€

The collapse of the Middle East Peace Process and the violence and closures in the West
Bank and Gaza Strip have accentuated the pre-existing crisis of the Palestinians and required
a substantial response from ECHO. At the end of 2000, total funding by ECHO for the
Middle East reached
23.9 million. This included assistance to Palestinian refugees (health
and shelter) and to neglected vulnerable groups, such as the Bedouin communities. After the
Israeli withdrawal from South Lebanon, ECHO supported the population affected by many
years of conflict. Funding included demining activities to protect the residents and encourage
the return of the displaced. As dramatic events in the area unfolded and violence gradually
increased, ECHO responded to the emergency by adapting its operations and providing
emergency aid to those most affected, such as for example children in refugee camps in the
Gaza Strip.

Another example of a long-lasting crisis is the forgotten plight of the Sahrawi refugees. As the
referendum on Western Sahara is continuously postponed, the conditions of those living in
the camps remains unchanged. ECHO focused its support on ensuring a minimum level of
food security for the 155,000 refugees. Through a total funding of
13.9 million, ECHO
focused on complementary feeding while also delivering basic relief items. Co-ordination
with the few existing donors was identified as a crucial issue in relief to the Sahrawis and
efforts in this direction are slowly bearing fruit permitting, for example, the provision of a
more balanced diet.

€

Latin America

During the year 2000, ECHO completed its gradual phasing out of assistance to the victims of
Hurricane Mitch, in line with the phase in of rehabilitation instruments. ECHO also finalised
its support to those affected by the floods and mudslides in Venezuela. The situation has not
improved with regard to the main man-made crisis in the continent: the internal conflict in
Colombia has still remained a focus of ECHO’s relief efforts in the region.

The floods in Venezuela left between 10,000 and 20,000 dead. Around 200,000 persons were
6.7
made homeless and more than 400,000 were directly affected. ECHO’s emergency aid (
million) covered the basic needs of more than 60,000 people living in temporary shelters with
essential relief items such as food and blankets.

€

The internal conflict in Colombia deteriorated dramatically over the year, leading to 300,000
6.5 million) and
additional IDPs. ECHO maintained its level of humanitarian assistance (
extended its coverage all over the country through the Red Cross family, NGOs and UNICEF.
To enhance the overall effectiveness of the assistance, special efforts were undertaken to
ensure better coordination with the Colombian institutions in charge of IDPs.

€

ECHO continued its gradual withdrawal from Cuba.

2.4

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - DIPECHO

Following the evaluation of the DIPECHO Action Plans for Southeast Asia, Central America
and the Caribbean in 1999, ECHO prepared a second Action Plan for these regions. It consists
of three main components:

Boosting local capabilities: to improve disaster response and forge closer relations between
communities, local institutions and civil protection bodies.

12

Developing early-warning system networks to detect disasters, transmit warnings, and
facilitate the organisation of rescue work.

Pilot projects with a demonstration character: use of new disaster prevention technologies
adapted to the cultural and socio-economic environment of the vulnerable population sectors.
€

The Second Action Plan for South East Asia (
4 million) was adopted in July 2000. Among
the 14 projects in the plan, 13 are to be implemented at national and local level and one at
regional level. The regional project will encourage co-operation and co-ordination of disaster
preparedness activities
and
dissemination of knowledge and experience.

the region in particular

through exchange

throughout

€

The Second Action Plan for Central America (
3.5 million) was approved in October 2000.
The funds will allow NGOs to carry out 10 projects over a period of twelve months. The main
objective is to reduce the vulnerability of the Central American populations. Interventions
will focus on two main aspects: strengthening regional and national institutions in their
capacity to respond to natural disasters, and promoting information exchange and co-
ordination between communities, civil protection bodies and municipalities.

3.

3.1

CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES

Relations with partners - FPA

In 2000, 121 applications to join the Framework Partnership Agreement (FPA) were
examined. 24 have already been signed. A total of 169 partner organisations were registered
at the end of 2000. The validity of the FPA has been extended for a further year until 31
December 2001.

3.2

GRANT FACILITY/ NOHA

At regular intervals, ECHO launches a grant facility for training, studies and networks in the
€
humanitarian field. 51 applications were received in 2000. ECHO made available a total of
1.8 million. Projects selected include training courses on financial management and food
security in emergencies, and studies on human rights and child soldiers.

The network on humanitarian assistance (NOHA), launched in 1994, is a one-year multi-
disciplinary post-graduate diploma in the humanitarian field. The curriculum provides a
comprehensive overview of the humanitarian aid environment and is complemented by an
internship either in a humanitarian organisation or in ECHO. Around 20 students attend the
course in each of the eight participating European universities. ECHO´s financial contribution
to the coordination costs of the network was

231,300 in the year 2000.

€

3.3

COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION

ECHO drew up a new information and communication strategy in 2000 on the basis of
conclusions reached in the "Article 20" evaluation. The new approach involves a significant
change in emphasis – away from the more restricted “visibility” angle towards the broader
includes a clear definition of target
concepts of “information” and “communication”. It
audiences and more structured objectives based on the use of both conventional and
innovative communication tools. A key aspect of the approach has been to seek a better

13

working relationship in the information sector between ECHO headquarters and the field
(ECHO experts, ECHO offices, Commission Delegations). In this context, guidelines were
drawn up and discussed with ECHO field experts and information assistants at special
seminars. The guidelines define the responsibilities of the various actors, facilitating effective
and immediate communication in humanitarian disasters.

Recognising the growing importance of the Internet as an information tool, ECHO improved
the design and technical characteristics of its website. In late 2000,
the Commission
abandoned ECHO’s specific logo. Future ECHO information products will display the
twelve star EU logo with the text “ECHO – Humanitarian Aid Office” in the appropriate
language.

ECHO funded publications, seminars and conferences with an amount of
411,988.
Publications included the Annual Review, the quarterly “ECHO News”, a leaflet on ECHO’s
activities in East Timor and press releases

€

3.4

BUDGET, AUDIT AND EVALUATION

€

ECHO´s response to humanitarian crises in 2000 was channelled through 121 funding
decisions totalling
491.71 million. When comparing this figure with that of 1999, one
€
should bear in mind that the 1999 budget had been reinforced from the emergency reserve (
346 million) to cover the humanitarian disaster in Kosovo. 993 contracts for a total of
545
million (this includes 242 contracts to implement 1999 decisions) were signed in 2000. The
rate of budget implementation, both in terms of commitment and payment credits, has been
above 99% in 2000.

€

ECHO’s external audit function has carried out audits and controls at the headquarters of
those partner organisations that have received the majority of ECHO’s funds. The audits were
carried out openly and transparently, involving the partners audited at each stage of the
process. The audits facilitated exchanges of information not only from the partners to ECHO,
but also vice versa. The majority of ECHO’s audit reports have been completed with
agreement between ECHO and the partner on their contents. Whilst the vast majority of
ECHO’s partners have been found to have met at least a minimum standard of financial
control and accounting, a need for certain improvements was noted. In particular, many of
ECHO’s partners could improve the quality of financial information available for internal
decision-making. The level of financial control and accounting between headquarters and
field offices could be improved as well.

In September 2000 the external audit function has been separated from the other tasks
managed by ECHO’s Finances and Audit Unit and it has been reinforced with extra staff. It
will now also regularly use auditors from the private sector in order to further expand
ECHO´s audit capacities.

ECHO has continued and developed its evaluation programme in 2000 by implementing
independent evaluation studies of its interventions in Tajikistan, Mali and Niger, Cuba,
Angola, Kosovo, and on its response to Hurricane Mitch. Among these, the most important
evaluation has been the so-called Kosovo evaluation. It confirms ECHO´s efficiency in
appropriately responding to the suddenness of the events. A study on Standard Terms of
Reference for ex-ante evaluations has also been funded.

14

Two issues in 2000 have emphasised the need for ECHO to conduct evaluations on its action.
One has been to make better use of evaluations as an instrument for decision-making, e.g., by
the design of ECHO´s future activities. "Ex-post" or
providing necessary input
intermediate evaluations,
therefore, have increasingly been complemented with a needs
assessment component in 2000. The other issue has been ECHO´s intention to refocus on its
core mandate. Because of this, the terms of reference for evaluations increasingly included the
obligation to define possible exit strategies for some of ECHO´s operations or their longer-
term components.

for

4.

OUTLOOK AND PERSPECTIVES

Current mid-term trends suggest a proliferation rather than a containment of major natural and
man-made crises in many areas of the world. Environmental degradation and demographic
change risk outweighing past gains in the area of disaster preparedness. The EC´s ability to
respond to humanitarian disasters in a meaningful manner will therefore not only depend on
the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance but even more so on the establishment and
strengthening of mechanisms to address the root causes of those disasters. Efforts to reduce
vulnerability to natural disasters must be intensified far beyond what ECHO is able to deliver.
Disaster preparedness, therefore, must become an integral part of development cooperation.
The EC has set ambitious goals for conflict prevention and crisis management measures and it
has introduced new possibilities for addressing these issues under the Cotonou Agreement.
All these new policies and procedures will undoubtedly make a key contribution to achieving
greater stability and they may slow down the above trends.

It is highly unlikely, however, that humanitarian aid will become obsolete since there will
always be unpredictable or hardly controllable situations like the January 2001 earthquakes in
El Salvador and India or a sudden outbreak of violence. The scope for mitigating the effects
of such crises by other means than direct humanitarian assistance will remain limited. As a
consequence,
there is an obvious need to maintain and strengthen ECHO. ECHO will
therefore continue the process of enhancing its capability to react swiftly and effectively to
humanitarian crises.

5.

STATISTICAL ANNEXES

€

Annex 1: ECHO´s budget in 2000 was
491,715,000. (Annex 1A). The total number of
contracts signed in 2000 is 993 (as of 24 January 2001), 751 of which were on the 2000
budget. The difference is explained by the fact that a large number of contracts signed in 2000
actually implement 1999 decisions, mainly related to the Balkans. As can be seen in annex
1B, the main source of finance is budget line B7-210. Little use has been made of the Lomé
Convention budget. The amount of
3.36 million on budget line B7-210A mainly concerns
studies, training and information activities.

€

Annex 2: The presentation of the table in annex 2A has been somewhat simplified compared
to previous years. Since there is no reason to maintain the separate presentation of Iraq, the
country has now been included into the Middle East/North Africa section. DIPECHO and
multi-country decisions were attributed, where possible, under the respective geographical
region. Grossly varying total budgets and the increasing use of multi-country decisions render
country-by-country comparisons over a period of years increasingly difficult. Annex 2B
therefore focuses on the respective geographical sub-regions rather than individual countries

15

and on the year 2000 only. The main item of the "Global" section encompasses the costs for
the network of field experts.

Annex 3: In 2000, there is an important shift within the allocations to the UN family, i.e.,
from UNHCR to WFP. This reflects the increased importance of food aid operations as a
consequence of the drought situation in 2000. The percentages and amounts in annex 3A and
3B refer to contracts signed in that year, not to decisions. A certain number of those contracts
implement decisions of previous years. Therefore, the figure for 2000 is higher than the actual
2000 budget of

491 million.

€

16

Annex 1: Overview of Financial Decisions 1995 - 2000

Financial Decisions for EC Humanitarian Aid 1995 - 2000 (amounts in

€
)

692,092,512

656,655,500

812,911,000

517,657,060

491,715,000

441,611,954

900.000.000

800.000.000

700.000.000

600.000.000

500.000.000

400.000.000

300.000.000

200.000.000

100.000.000

0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Annex 1A: ECHO Contracts 1998 - 2000

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Number of ECHO Contracts 1998 - 2000

1416

1238

1291

1290

Financial year

Contract signature year

993

751

1998

1999

2000

17

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

B7-211

B7-514

B7-214

B7-515

B7-215

B7-516

B7-216

B7-517

B7-217

B7-219

B7-644

Annex 1B: Financial Decisions for EC Humanitarian Aid by Source of Finance

Source of
finance/
budget line

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Description

DECISIONS
in ECU

DECISIONS
in ECU

DECISIONS
in ECU

DECISIONS
in ECU

DECISIONS in
Euro

DECISIONS
in Euro

LOME IV

ART 164 and ART 254 (1)

46,456,000

3,487,000

7,420,000

37,387,000

83,082,000

2,850,000

B7-510

B-210 A

B7-210

DISASTER AID DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES

_

_

_

_

_

_

(2) 238,339,500 386,550,000 212,162,954 283,089,060

197,974,000 478,005,000

3,360,000

B7-511

EMERGENCY FOOD AID

_

(2)

33,710,000

HUMANITARIAN AID TO C &
E EUROPE

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

(2) 236,670,000 187,150,000 158,985,000 135,097,000

450,250,000

HUMANITARIAN AID TO EX-
USSR

_

_

_

_

_

(2)

93,350,000

49,750,000 36,050,000 37,040,000

55,325,000

HUMANITARIAN ACTION IN
3RD COUNTRIES

(2)

REFUGEES & DISPL,
PERSONS IN DEV,
COUNTRIES

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

(2)

38,540,000

21,420,000 19,960,000 17,044,000

18,360,000

OPERATIONAL SUPPORT,
DISASTER PREPAR.

HUMANITARIAN AID TO
WESTERN SAHARA POP.

5,027,012

6,298,500

7,034,000

8,000,000

7,570,000

7,500,000

_

2,000,000

_

_

_

_

TOTAL

692,092,512 656,655,500 441,611,954 517,657,060

812,561,000 491,715,000

(1) First 5-year allocation under LOME IV (1991-95) was 250,000,000 ECU. The second (1996-2000) was 143,000,000
ECU. In 1999, only Art 254/F8.

(2) In 1995, the budget chapter that corresponds to ECHO becomes B7-200 instead of B7-500.

18

Annex 2: Financial Decisions in 2000 - Geographical Distribution

Financial Decisions for Humanitarian Aid by Region

€

491,715,000

Ex-Yugoslavia
20%

Total decisions in 2000:

Asia
16%

Global
3%

NIS
10%

Latin America
6%

Middle East, North Africa
10%

ACP Countries
35%

Annex 2A: Geographical Distribution of Financial Decisions 1998 - 2000

Financial Decisions for Humanitarian Aid by Region 1998 - 2000

60

50

40

Percent

30

20

1998
1999
2000

10

8.9

10

2.5

0

6.0

6

6.2

7.6 6.8

10

11

2.1 3

16

12.1

11.2

55.2

35

27.7

15.8

23.8

20

2.7

0.2 0

Middle East
/ N. Africa

Latin
America

NIS

Global

Asia

Ex-
Yugoslavia

ACP
Countries

Eastern
Europe

19

Annex 2B: Distribution of funding decisions by country/(sub-)region

Distribution of funding decisions by country/(sub-)region

in 1,000

€

AFRICA, CARIBBEAN, PACIFIC
COUNTRY/SUB-REGION

Budget 2000

HornofAfrica
Ethiopia/Eritrea
Uganda
Somalia
Sudan
Kenya
Great Lakes
Burundi
D.R. Congo
Congo Brazzaville
Tanzania
WestAfrica
Mauritania
Sierra Leone/Guinea/Liberia Crisis
Tchad/Niger
Caribbean/Pacific/IndianOcean
Belize
Comores
Madagascar
Other Islands
SouthernAfrica
Angola
Mozambique (+ Botswana)
Sambia
ECHOFlight

SUB-TOTAL ACP

45,263
22,495
0,810
6,518
11,000
4,440
63,630
13,780
20,000
3,000
26,850
17,702
0,365
16,137
1,200
4,835
0,850
2,175
1,610
0,200
29,948
15,768
9,680
4,500
8,800
170,178

EASTERN EUROPE / NIS
COUNTRY/SUB-REGION

Budget 2000

NISRegion
Northern Caucasus
Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
Southern Caucasus
Russian Federation (excl. Caucasus)
Tajikistan/Armenia
Georgia
Mongolia
WesternBalkans
FRY - Serbia
FRY - Montenegro/Kosovo
Albania
Regional - FYROM, BiH

48,930
23,200
2,800
3,855
1,200
15,600
0,400
1,875
98,700
50,450
38,400
3,400
6,450

SUB-TOTAL EASTERN EUROPE

147,630

20

ASIA / LATIN AMERICA/ MIDDLE EAST / N. AFRICA

Budget 2000

Asia
Afghanistan/Pakistan/Iran - drought
Afghanistan - general
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia/Vietnam
North Korea
India
Indonesia
Laos
China (Tibet)
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Timor

SUB-TOTAL ASIA

MiddleEast/NorthAfrica
Algeria
Iraq
Middle East
Western Sahara
Yémen

SUB-TOTAL MIDDLE EAST / N.AFR.

LatinAmerica
Central America
Colombia
Cuba
Mexico
South America
Venezuela

SUB-TOTAL LATIN AMERICA

DIPECHO

COUNTRY/SUB-REGION
Central America
South East Asia
SUB-TOTAL DIPECHO

9,500
12,017
1,500
1,000
10,400
8,050
5,830
7,500
1,140
1,300
2,635
1,200
4,500
10,500

77,072

0,300
8,600
23,920
13,935
1,740

48,495

4,425
6,500
2,000
0,850
4,035
6,750

24,560

Budget 2000

3,500
4,000
7,500

21

OTHER EXPENSES

Action

Budget 2000

GRANTS / STUDIES

EXPENSES FIELD EXPERTS (B7-210 A)
EXPENSES FIELD EXPERTS (B7-210)
NGO

AUDIT

INFORMATION

EVALUATION

SUB-TOTAL

TOTAL ECHO

1,800

1,100
10,900

0,200

1,680

0,600

16,280

491,715

22

Annex 3: Distribution of Contracts by Implementing Partners

EC Humanitarian Assistance in 2000 by Groups of Partners

EC NGOs
65%

Others
1%

EC Direct
1%

Non-EC NGOs
4%

Other Int´l Organisations
10%

United Nations
19%

Annex 3A: Distribution of Funding by Groups of Partners 1998 - 2000

Distribution of ECHO Funding by Groups of Partners 1998 - 2000
(contract signature year)

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

62.2% 65.5%

59.7%

1998

1999

2000

18.5% 19.8% 19.2%

10.5%

10.2% 3.1% 3.6% 3.6%

6.6%

4.7%

0.7%

1.6%2.7%

0.7%

Non-EC NGOs

EC Direct

Others

EC NGOs

United Nations

7.0%

Other Int´l
Organisations

23

Annex 3B: ECHO Contracts by Group and Nationality of Partners 1998 – 2000

ECHO contracts by group and nationality of partners 1998 - 2000

TYPE OF CONTRACT

1998

ECU

1999

2000

IN % OF EURO
TOTAL

IN % OF EURO
TOTAL

IN % OF
TOTAL

EC COMMISSION-DIRECT
SUBTOTAL

STATES

SPECIALIZED

MEMBER
AGENCIES
SUBTOTAL

OTHER GOVERNMENTS
SUBTOTAL

38,141,252

6.6%

34,319,273

4.7%

3,673,811

0.67%

8,070,000

1.4%

5,302,900

0.7%

1,560,000

0.29%

0

0.0%

698,192

0.1%

0

0.00%

EC NGOs (1)
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
DENMARK
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
IRELAND
ITALY
LUXEMBOURG
NETHERLANDS
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UK
SUBTOTAL

OTHER NGOs (1)
NORWAY
SWITZERLAND
USA
SUBTOTAL

LOCAL NGOs (1)
SUBTOTAL

UNITED NATIONS
FAO
IDNDR
PAHO
UNFPA
UNDP
UNESCO
UNHCR
UNHCS
UNICEF
UNOCHA
UNRWA
WFP
WHO
SUBTOTAL

5,885,672
34,709,559
10,318,800
1,417,000
69,896,507
35,631,570
1,270,000
3,879,000
56,747,208
153,000
25,422,706
2,086,108
48,953,103
1,716,394
46,898,913
344,985,540

1,900,000
2,830,000
13,370,000
18,100,000

1.0%
6.0%
1.8%
0.2%
12.1%
6.2%
0.2%
0.7%
9.8%
0.0%
4.4%
0.4%
8.5%
0.3%
8.1%
59.7%

0.3%
0.5%
2.3%
3.1%

4,598,195
29,953,028
27,625,812
2,829,189
93,620,821
44,822,769
10,397,000
9,002,464
82,042,100
0
25,869,500
3,000,000
46,374,270
1,420,000
75,251,493
456,806,641

2,450,000
4,405,000
19,877,445
26,732,445

3,090,500
35,691,414
31,555,000
1,800,000

0.6%
4.1%
3.8%
0.4%
12.7% 73,626,185
33,348,817
6.1%
6,680,000
1.4%
8,915,000
1.2%
11.2% 54,031,478
0.0%
3.5%
0.4%
6.3%
0.2%
10.2% 53,085,717
62.2% 357,052,122

136,050
18,313,190
2,680,000
33,288,771
810,000

0.3%
0.6%
2.7%
3.6%

979,000
2,680,000
15,711,000
19,370,000

0.6%
6.5%
5.8%
0.3%
13.5%
6.1%
1.2%
1.6%
9.9%
0.0%
3.4%
0.5%
6.1%
0.1%
9.7%
65.50%

0.18%
0.49%
2.88%
3.55%

500,000

0.1%

2,000,000

0.3%

3,001,293

0.55%

1,530,000

1,020,000
3,000
61,794,000

13,445,000
32,000
200,000
27,793,059
1,030,000
106,847,059

0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.2%
0.0%
10.7%
0.0%
2.3%
0.0%
0.0%
4.8%
0.2%
18.5%

560,000
123,000

4,396,000

82,157,000

15,959,000
445,000
1,020,000
33,695,000
7,200,000
145,555,000

880,000

500,000
1,040,000
2,000,000

0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.6%
0.0%
11.2% 35,104,000
0.0%
2.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.6%
1.0%
19.8% 104,880,000

5,780,000
43,250,000
1,740,000

2,495,000
12,091,000

0.16%
0.00%
0.09%
0.19%
0.37%
0.00%
6.44%
0.46%
2.22%
0.00%
1.06%
7.93%
0.32%
19.24%

OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORG.
SUBTOTAL
Decommitments
Others
TOTAL

(1) INCLUDING NATIONAL RED CROSS
ASSOCIATIONS
Source: ECHOSTAT as per 24/01/01

60,822,950

10.5%

51,179,632

7.0%

55,595,000

10.20%

115,000
577,581,801

0.0%
100%

12,044,701
734,638,784

1.6%
100%

1,050
545,133,276

0.00%
100%

24

Annex 4: Projects funded under the Grant Facility 2000

Applicant

Project

Grant (Euro)

CORDAID, NL

IFRC, Switzerland

Deusto University, Spain

Red R, UK

MANGO, UK

Financial management training

Sphere Training, Disaster response

NOHA

Security video

Training on financial management

SOLIDAR, Belgium

Training on emergency intervention

SAVE the CHILDREN, UK

ACTION AGAINST HUNGER, UK

Household food economy approach
training

Food security in emergencies,
distance learning

142,941

150,000

204,142

96,187

116,959

113,346

103,845

95,000

CRIC, Italy

Emergency management training

111,500

Total Strand 1 (Training)

Norwegian Refugee Council, Norway

The Global IDP Project

Croix Rouge Belgique

Les Enfants Soldats d'Afrique

Handicap International, France

InterSOS, Italy

Bioforce, France

Les projets de developpement rural
dans des contextes de post-crise

Mainstreaming of Human Rights in
Humanitarian Action

Etude de création d'une base de
données européenne de personnels
humanitaires

ODI/ALNAP, UK

Global Study on Consultation*

ODI, UK

Voice, Belgium

Towards a politically informed
approach to war*

Humanitarian Safety and Protection
Network*

Voice, Belgium

Humanitarian Gateway*

Total Strand 2 (Studies and networks)

* contracts on the two proposals from Voice and the two proposals from ODI have not yet been finally concluded

1,113,920

79,000

52,416

44,740

117,800

55,800

100,000

100,000

50,000

50,000

649,756

25