Report from the Commission - Third Report on the application in the Member States of Directive 92/3/Euratom of 3 February 1992 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste between Member States and into and out of the Community (1996-1998)
Date: 2001-05-23
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: cross-border transport, health risk, nuclear safety, radioactive waste, transport of dangerous goods

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 23.05.2001
COM(2001) 270 final

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION

THIRD REPORT ON THE APPLICATION IN THE MEMBER STATES OF
DIRECTIVE 92/3/EURATOM OF 3 FEBRUARY 1992 ON THE SUPERVISION AND
CONTROL OF SHIPMENTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE BETWEEN MEMBER
STATES AND INTO AND OUT OF THE COMMUNITY (1996-1998)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY.................................................................................... 3

Part A - Information on the implementation of Directive 92/3/Euratom (Article 18 first paragraph)

................................................................................................................................. 5

1.

2.

2.1.

2.2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Formal implementation of the Directive.................................................................... 5

Declarations by the Member States........................................................................... 7

Competent authorities ............................................................................................... 7

Acceptance of the automatic approval procedure .................................................... 12

Information on shipments of radioactive waste ....................................................... 12

Information on significant conditions required by the Member States ..................... 12

Information on significant cases of refusal to give authorization/consent ................ 13

Problems experienced when using the standard document established by Commission
Decision 93/552/Euratom ....................................................................................... 13

Part B - Information on the situation with regard to shipments within the territory of individual
Member States (Article 18, second paragraph of Directive 92/3/Euratom) .............. 32

2

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

Council Directive 92/3/Euratom of 3 February 19921, on shipments of radioactive waste between
Member States and into and out of the Community, introduced a system for the administrative
supervision and control of such shipments, to supplement the requirements of the Directive laying
down the basic safety standards for the health protection of the general public and workers against
the dangers of ionising radiation2.

Article 18 of the Directive requires the Member States to forward to the Commission reports on the
implementation of the Directive and to supplement these reports with information on the situation
regarding shipments within their respective territories. On the basis of these reports from the
Member States the Commission is required to prepare a summary report for the European
Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.

This is the third Commission report made under Article 18 of the Directive. It has been established
on the basis of contributions from the Member States and in consultation with the Advisory
Committee established by Article 19 of the Directive. The report covers the period 1996 to 1998..
The first two reports were made in 1995 and 19983.

The general situation in the European Union as regards radioactive waste management and the
transport of radioactive materials has been reviewed by the Commission in its Communications:

–

–

Communication and fourth report on the present situation and prospects for radioactive
waste management in the European Community4;

Communication from the Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament on
the safe transport of radioactive materials in the European Community5

The information received from the Member States indicates that:

***********

–

–

–

1

2

3

4

5

the Directive is applied in all Member States;

the number of transfrontier shipments of radioactive waste is relatively small. In the period
covered by the present report Member States reported the delivery of 63 authorisations;
some authorisations are given for several shipments to be carried out over a time period
that may exceed that covered by the present report. Also, in the period covered by the
present report, shipments were carried out under authorisations given in the previous
period;

the Directive adequately ensures that transboundary shipments of radioactive waste take
place only with the prior informed consent of the competent authorities of all the Member
States involved;

OJ L 35 of 12.2.1992
Council Directive 96/29/Euratom, replacing Council Directive 80/836/Euratom (OJ L 246 of 17.09.1980), as
amended by 84/467/Euratom (OJ L 265 of 5.10.1984).
COM (95) 192 final and COM (1998) 778 final
COM (98) 799 final
COM (98) 155 final

3

–

–

–

–

the difficulties anticipated by the Commission in its first report on the application of the
Directive concerning national general bans on import of radioactive waste from Member
States and reasons for refusals of individual shipments started appearing. The issue still
needs to be clarified;

Article 14 of the Directive emphasizes the right of a Member State to which irradiated
nuclear fuel is exported for reprocessing to return to its country of origin waste arising
from the reprocessing operation. However, one Member State points out that there are
difficulties exercising this right.

some practical problems have been identified by Member States; they were normally
overcome in a pragmatic way by the competent authorities that progressively acquired
experience applying the Directive. However, the Advisory Committee established by
Article 19 of the Directive suggested to consider the opportunity of a partial revision of
the standard document established by the Commission Decision of 19936.

the implications of the entering into force of the 1997 Joint Convention on the Safety of
Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management need to be
analysed.

******

As regards shipments within the territory of individual Member States, the Commission notes that
the existing national provisions, notably those implementing the Directive laying down basic safety
standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers
arising from ionising radiation7 allow the national competent authorities to monitor the movements
of radioactive waste on their territory.

*****

Finally, no accidents leading to exposure of members of the public significant from the radiation
protection point of view or to a significant release of radioactive substances to the environment and
involving national or transboundary movements of radioactive waste were reported for the period
covered by the report.

6

7

Commission Decision of 1 October 1993 establishing the standard document for the supervision and control
of shipments of radioactive waste referred to in Council Directive 92/3/Euratom (93/552/Euratom), OJ L 268,
29.10.1993, p. 83
Council Directive 96/29/Euratom, replacing Council Directive 80/836/Euratom (OJ L 246 of 17.09.1980), as
amended by 84/467/Euratom (OJ L 265 of 5.10.1984).

4

PART A - INFORMATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE 92/3/EURATOM (ARTICLE 18

FIRST PARAGRAPH)

1.

FORMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE

Article 21 of the Directive requires the Member States to bring into force not later than
1 January 1994 the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply
with the Directive. The national provisions implementing the Directive are listed in this
section.

Belgium

The Directive is implemented by the Arrêté Royal du 2 Octobre 1997 modifiant l’arrêté
royal du 28 février 1963 portant règlement général de la protection de la population et
des travailleurs contre le danger des radiations ionisantes et portant mise en vigueur
partielle de la loi du 15 avril 1994 relative à la protection de la population et de
l’environnement contre les dangers résultant des rayonnements ionisants et relative à
l’Agence fédérale de Contrôle nucléaire, (Royal decree of 2 October 1997 modifying the
royal decree of 28 February 1963 giving general rules for the protection of the population
and of the workers against the dangers of ionizing radiation and partially implementing
the law of 15 April 1994 on protection of the population and of the environment against
the dangers resulting from ionizing radiation and on the Federal Agency for nuclear
Control) published in the Moniteur Belge of 23 October 1997.

Denmark

The Directive is implemented by the publication of National Board of Health Order
No. 969 of 13 December 1993, on international shipments of radioactive waste.

Germany

The Directive is implemented by the Atomrechtliche Abfallverbringungsverordnung
(Decree on shipments of radioactive waste) of 27 July 1998, published in the BGB1 I of
31 July 1998, brought into force on 1 August 1998.

Greece

The Directive is implemented by the Presidential Decree Nº22 (Official Gazette
Nº20/A/26.02.1997) on “Surveillance and control of shipments of radioactive waste
between Greece and the other Member States, also to and from the Community.”

Spain

The Directive was implemented on 27 November 1994 by the Real Decreto (Royal
Decree) 2088/1994 of 20 October, published in the Boletin Oficial del Estado (Official
State Bulletin) of 26 November 1994.

5

France

The Directive was
implemented on 1 December 1994 by Decrée 94-853 of
22 September 1994 and the Arrêté of the same date (published in the Journal Officiel of
2 October 1994).

Ireland

The Directive was implemented on 15 September 1994 by the European Communities
(Supervision and Control of Certain Shipments of Radioactive Waste) Regulations 1994
(Statutory Instrument No. 276 of 1994).

Italy

The Directive is implemented by the Decreto legislativo (the legislative Decree) No. 230
of 17 March 1995, published in the Gazzetta ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana (Official
Journal) No. 136 of 13 June 1995.

Luxembourg

The Directive was implemented on 16 April 1994 by the règlement grand-ducal relatif au
transfert transfrontalier de déchêts radioactifs (regulation on transfrontier shipments of
radioactive waste), published in the Official Journal
(Mémorial) A-No. 31 of
25 April 1994.

The Netherlands

The Directive is implemented by the Besluit
in- uit- en doorvoer van radioactieve
afvalstoffen, van 17 november 1993, Stb. 626 (Decree concerning the import, export and
transit of radioactive waste), published in the Official Bulletin of Acts, Orders and
Decrees No. 626 of 12 December 1993.

Austria

The Directive is implemented by the Radioactive Abfälle - Verbringungsverordnung -
radioactive waste), published in the
Rabf
Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich (Federal law Gazette) N. 44/1997.

- VV (Decree on shipments of

Portugal

The Directive is implemented by Decreto-lei Nº138/96 (Decree-Law N°138/96) of 14
August 1996, published in the Diário da República, Nº188/96 of 14 August 1996
(Official Journal).

Finland

The Directive is implemented through:

(1)

(2)

SÄTEILYLAKI (Radiation Act) 592/91 of 27.3.91, as amended by Act 1102/92 of
27.11.92 and by Act 1334/94 of 22.12.94

SÄTEILYASETUS (Radiation Decree) 1512/91 of 20.12.91, as amended by
Decree 1598/94 of 31.12.94

6

(3) YDINENERGIALAKI (Nuclear Energy Act) 990/87 of 11.12.87, as amended by

Act 1420/94 of 29.11.94

(4) YDINENERGIA-ASETUS (Nuclear Energy Decree) 161/88 of 12.2.88, as

amended by Decree 278/93 of 26.3.93 and by Decree 473/96 of 20.6.96

Sweden

The Directive is implemented through

(1) Ändringar i strålskyddslagen (1988:220) 20a och 24 §§ (amendments to the

Radiation Protection Act), which entered into force on 1 July 1995

(2) Ändring i

(amendment
1 July 1995,

lagen (1984:3) om kärnteknisk verksamhet

(5 a§ andra stycket)
to the Nuclear Activities Act), which entered into force on

(3) Ändring i

lagen (1991:34) om strategiska produkter (4§) (amendment

to the

Strategic Products Act), which entered into force on 1 July 1995,

(4)

Statens strålskyddsinstituts föreskrifter (SSI FS 1995:4) om kontroll vid in- och
utförsel av radioaktivt avfall (regulations of the Swedish Radiation Protection
Institute on the supervision and control of imports and exports of radioactive
waste), which entered into force on 17 January 1996.

United Kingdom

The Directive is implemented through the Statutory Instrument 1993 N°3031, ATOMIC
the Transfrontier Shipment of
ENERGY AND RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES,
Radioactive Waste Regulations 1993 - Published on 2 December 1993.

2.

DECLARATIONS BY THE MEMBER STATES

–

–

–

–

Article 17 of the Directive requires Member States to forward to the Commission:

the names and addresses of the competent authorities empowered to implement the
provisions of the Directive

their possible non-acceptance of the automatic approval procedure referred to in
Article 6(4) of

the Directive (clause of silence-consent)

2.1.

Competent authorities

Belgium

(FR) Ministère des Affaires Sociales, de la Santé publique et de l’Environnement

Service de Protection contre les Radiations Ionisantes (SPRI)
Rue Ravenstein 36
1000 Bruxelles

7

(NL) Ministerie van Sociale Zaken, Volksgezondheid en Leefmilieu
Dienst voor Bescherming tegen Ioniserende Stralingen (DBIS)
Ravensteinstraat 36
1000 Brussel
Tel:
Fax:

(32-2) 289 21 11 or 289 21 81
(32-2) 289 21 12 or 289 21 82

Denmark

Statens Institut for Strålehygiejne
Knapholm 7
2730 Herlev
Tel.: (45) 44 54 34 54
Fax:
(45) 44 54 34 50
E-mail: sis@sis.dk

Germany

Bundesausfuhramt (BAFA)
Referat 313
Frankfurterstrasse 29-35
65760 ESCHBORN
Tel.: (49) 6196 908398 / 908564
Fax:

(49) 6196 908888

Greece

Greek Atomic Energy Commission
Aghia Paraskevi
153 10 ATHENS
Tel.: (30-1) 650 67 71
(30-1) 650 67 48
Fax:

Spain

Dirección General de la Energía
Paseo de la Castellana, 160
28046 MADRID
Tel.: (34-91) 349 45 51
(34-91) 457 80 66
Fax:

France

Ministère de l’économie, des finances et de l’industrie
Direction générale de l’énergie et des matières premières
Service des affaires nucléaires
101, rue de Grenelle
75353 PARIS Cedex 07
Tel.: (33-1) 43.19.33.06
(33-1) 43.19.25.00
Fax:

8

Ireland

Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII)
3 Clonskeagh Square - Clonskeagh Road
DUBLIN 14
Tel.: (353-1) 269 77 66
Fax:
(353-1) 269 97 37
E-mail: rpii@rpii.ie

Italy

(a) Ministero dell’Industria, del Commercio e dell’Artigianato

Direzione Generale Energia e Risorse Minerarie
Divisione XIII
Via Molise, 2
00187 ROMA

(b)

Prefect or mayor or other local authority, as competent authority in its area

(c) ANPA (Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente)

Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48
00144 ROMA
Tel.:
Fax:

(39-06) 50 07 1
(39-06) 50 07 2941

Luxembourg

Ministère de la Santé
Direction de la Santé
Division de la Radioprotection
Villa Louvigny
Allée Marconi
L - 2120 LUXEMBOURG
Tel.: (352) 478 56 70 – 72/ 77, 78
Fax:

(352) 45 75 21Telex: 69553 RADPR Lu

The Netherlands

Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer
Directoraat-Generaal Milieubeheer
Directie Stoffen, Veiligheid, Straling / IPC 655
Afdeling Externe Veiligheid
(Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Directorate-General for Environment Protection
Directorate for Chemicals, External Safety and Radiation Protection / IPC 655
External Safety Division)
Rijnstraat 8, postbus 30945
NL-2500 GX DEN HAAG
Tel.: (31 70) 339 49 65
Fax: (31 70) 339 12 97

9

Austria

Under the division of responsibilities laid down in the Strahlenschutzgesetz (Austrian
Radiation Protection Act) published in the Bundesgesetzblatt BGBI. (Federal Law
Gazette) No. 227/1969, the respective areas of responsibility and the relevant competent
authorities are as follows:

–

–

–

–

–

medicine: the Bundeskanzleramt-Sektion VI (Federal Chancellery-department VI).
By virtue of a “subsidiarity clause”, this Ministry is also responsible for all matters
which have not been expressly assigned to another department;

and

trade
Angelegenheiten (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs);

industry, mining:

the Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche

research and transport:
(Federal Ministry for Science and Traffic);

the Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Verkehr

the education system:
Angelegenheiten (Federal Ministry for Education and Culture);

the Bundesministerium für Unterricht und kulturelle

the testing of military equipment: the Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung
(Federal Ministry of Defence)

In addition,
there is also a vertical distribution of responsibilities in which some
through the
responsibility for enforcing the Radiation Protection Act
delegation of federal authority, to relevant administrative bodies at district level (district
authorities or municipal councils of towns/cities with their own statutes) and the heads of
provincial governments. The specific responsibilities assigned to each authority are laid
down in Section 41 of the Radiation Protection Act.

is assigned,

However, the contact point for applications concerning shipments into Austria which
either deals with the applications itself where appropriate or forwards them directly to the
competent authority is the:

Bundeskanzleramt
Sektion VI
Radetzkystraße 2
A-1031 Wien
Tel: (43 1) 711 72 ext.4127
Fax: (43 1) 718 65 95

Portugal

Under the responsibilities laid down by the Decree-Law Nº138/96 published in the
Official Journal on 14 August 1996,
the Directive
that
92/3/EURATOM, the competent authority is:

implements in Portugal

Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear
E.N. 10, Apart. 21
P – 2686-953 SACAVEM
Tel.: (351 1) 955 00 21
Fax: (351 1) 994 19 95

10

Finland

Säteilyturvakestus (STUK)
(Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority – STUK)
P.O. Box 14
FIN – 00881 – HELSINKI
Tel.: (358 9) 759881
Fax: (358 9) 75988500
Telex: 122691 STUK FI

Sweden

The Statens strålskyddsinstitut, SSI (Swedish Radiation Protection Institute) is the
competent authority for the transport of radioactive waste excluding high-level nuclear
waste from reprocessing and nuclear fissile material for which no further use is foreseen.

Swedish Radiation Protection Institute
SE-17116 STOCKHOLM
Tel.: (46 8) 729 7100
Fax: (46 8) 729 7108

The Statens kärnkraftinspektion, SKI (Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate) is the
competent authority for the transport of high-level radioactive waste from reprocessing
and nuclear fissile material for which no further use is foreseen.

Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate
SE-10658 STOCKHOLM
Tel.: (46 8) 698 8400
Fax: (46 8) 661 9086

United Kingdom

For England and Wales:
The Environment Agency
Rio House
Aztec West
Almondsbury
Bristol
UK-BS 32 4UD
Tel.: (44) 1454 624 098
Fax: (44) 1454 624 319

For Scotland:
The Scottish Environment Protection Agency
Erskim Court
The Castle Business Park
Stirling
UK-FK9 4TR
Tel.: (44) 1786 45 77 00
Fax: (44) 1786 44 80 40

11

For Northern Ireland:
Chief Radiochemical Inspector
The Industrial Pollution and Radiochemical Inspectorate
Calvert House
Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland
Environment and Heritage Service
Calvert House
23 Castle Place
Belfast
United Kingdom
BT1 1 FY
Tel.: (44) 1232 25 47 33
Fax: (44) 1232 25 47 00

2.2.

Acceptance of the automatic approval procedure

the Netherlands, Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Greece, France,
Portugal, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom informed the Commission that they
do not accept the automatic procedure.

Italy, Luxembourg,

Germany, Spain and Ireland have indicated that they accept that procedure. Nevertheless,
Spain shall suspend the periods laid down in Article 6 of the Directive if the Directorate-
General for Energy is required to obtain a report from one or more other bodies before
making its decision, in which case the European Commission and the applicant shall be
informed of such a suspension.

3.

INFORMATION ON SHIPMENTS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE

The following information covers the period 1996-1998.

, France

shipments of

radioactive waste were delivered by Belgium
Authorisation for
(9 authorisations), Denmark (1 authorisation), Germany (23 authorisations of which 19
were used),
(1 authorisation), Portugal
(1 authorisation), Sweden (19 authorisations), United Kingdom (1 authorisation). Some
authorisations are given for several shipments to be carried out over a time period that
may exceed that covered by the present report. Information on such shipments is given in
Table 1.

authorisations), Austria

(12

During the period 1996-1998, some shipments were carried out under authorisations
given in the previous period. Information on such shipments are given in Table 2.

The Greek authorities in some cases utilised the standard document to return sealed
sources for revision to the supliers.

4.

INFORMATION ON SIGNIFICANT CONDITIONS REQUIRED BY THE MEMBER STATES

Belgium requires that all those involved in a shipment of radioactive waste comply with
the Belgian regulations as regards holding, transport, import and transit of radioactive
substances.

12

The French Decree implementing the Directive specifies that compliance with the Decree
itself is without prejudice to all other relevant French provisions, in particular as regards
protection and control of nuclear materials, transport of dangerous goods and radiation
protection.

In agreement with the consignors, the Swedish SSI has laid down weight limit conditions
for the shipments of combustible radioactive waste to Sweden, so as not to exceed the
Swedish incineration plant's capacity. A further requirement is that the packaging must
comply with the conditions laid down in the authorisation for the operation of the
the ashes and non-combustible waste shall be
incineration plant. After treatment,
returned to the country of origin within two years.

5.

INFORMATION ON SIGNIFICANT CASES OF REFUSAL TO GIVE AUTHORIZATION/CONSENT

France points out that they had some difficulties returning to the Member State of origin
the vitrified radioactive waste issued from the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel. In
some cases, following consultations with the Member State of destination for waste to be
returned, the French authorities authorise the shipment of waste having a total activity
considerably lower than requested by the operator. In other cases, authorised shipments
sometimes cannot be effected. Such difficulties are not directly connected with the
procedure laid down by the Directive but France insists that these difficulties are a major
breach of the rights attributed to a Member State under Article 14 of the Directive.

Ireland points out that the UK refused to grant approval of one shipment of radioactive
waste, in the form of Bactec vials containing carbon-14, from a licensed hospital in
Ireland, on the basis of its general policy.

6.

PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED WHEN USING THE STANDARD DOCUMENT ESTABLISHED BY
8
COMMISSION DECISION 93/552/EURATOM

Germany indicates the following problems:

–

–

–

Long reply time from some Member States.

Uncertainties resulting from the lack of reaction of Member States which refused
the automatic procedure.

Divergent interpretation of the definition of waste i.e. in the case of contaminated
residues to be recycled.

France points out that in general communication via the standard document improves
with the experience gained by the users. In some cases, it was facilitated by the use of
electronic mail in parallel with the formal administrative procedure.

8

Commission Decision of 1 October 1993 establishing the standard document for the supervision and control
of shipments of radioactive waste referred to in Council Directive 92/3/Euratom (93/552/Euratom)
(OJ L 268 of 29.10.1993, p. 83)

13

Sweden indicates that problems have occurred mainly in connection with the
interpretation of what is intended to be covered by the concept of radioactive waste. One
particular source of difficulties is the expression “for which no use is foreseen”. In the
case of metals for melting down, it is not always possible, before melting, sampling of
the melted material and measuring, to decide whether some of the material can be re-used
or not. Sweden normally regards this type of material as waste. If the melted product
turns out to contain sufficiently low activity concentrations, the Swedish authorities may
decide to exempt the material from classification as radioactive waste, thus authorising
its re-use. This procedure has led to problems in respect of application of Directive 92/3,
as other countries interpret the expression differently.

Sweden also feels that instructions are required as to how activity concentration should
be calculated. What degree of homogeneity should be required? Does the activity
concentration limit apply to a part of, or the whole consignment? How should activity
concentration be determined in the case of surface contaminated material when some
parts are often much more contaminated than others?

The instructions in the Directive and the standard document for the transmission of the
different parts of the standard document between the parties concerned are in some cases
unclear and worded in a contradictory manner.

The United Kingdom points out the lack of provisions as regards the language to be used.
Delays have been experienced in receiving a copy of Sections 4 and 5 of the standard
document following completion of the shipment.

Finland points out the exaggerate complexity of the standard document.

14

TABLE 1: Information on shipments of radioactive waste within the scope of Directive 92/3/Euratom authorised in the period 1996-1998

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
95.009

A

M/2

Ash and waste
supercompacted

a) 0.4

b) 55

Co 60

Cs 134

Cs 137

U 234

U 235

U 238

Pu 239

Pu 240

Pu 241

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Treatment of
solid waste

Return
following
treatment

Road

Belgium

1

Rail

Germany

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
95.013

A

I

Combustible waste

b) 700

H 3

Radiochemical
research and
production of H3
targets

Return
following
storage

Road

Belgium

1

Rail

Germany

9

10

11

12

13

Shipments between Member States
Import into the Community
Export from the Community
Transit through the Community
Activities are expressed in gigabecquerel, unless otherwise indicated. The multiples of the becquerel, their prefixes and symbols utilised in the table are the following:
kilobecquerel, kBq = 10³ Bq; megabecquerel, MBq = 106 Bq; gigabecquerel, GBq = 109 Bq; terabecquerel, TBq = 1012 Bq; petabecquerel, PBq = 1015Bq

15

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
96.001

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
96.003

Belgium
B/7E.002
BE.96.004

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
97.002.

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
97.003

A

A

A

A

A

M/6

Resins

4 shipments effected

a) 0.012

b) 200

a) 6.72

b) 0.44

Ash

Waste
supercompacted
embedded in cement

a) 15 MBq

b) 50

Ash

a) 20 MBq

I

I

I

M/10

Ash, waste embedded
in cement

6 shipments effected

B) 2.2

a) 4

b) 640

16

Co 60

Cs 134

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

U 238

U 234

Th 232

Ni 63

Co 60

Cs 137

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54
Cs 134

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

1

1

1

1

2

Nuclear activities

Final disposal

Road

Belgium

Rail

Germany

Road

Belgium

Germany

Road

Belgium

France

Italy

Road

Belgium

Rail

Germany

Road

Belgium

Rail

Germany

Nuclear activities

Nuclear activities

Nuclear activities

Nuclear activities

Return
following
treatment

Return
following
treatment

Return
following
treatment

Return
following
treatment

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
97.005

Belgium
B/7E.001.BE.
97.006

A

A

I

M/4

Ash

a) 4.5 MBq

Granules embedded
in cement

b) 0.9

a) 5

b) 70

Denmark

A

I

Contamination in
pump

a) 50.0

Germany

A

M/6

combustible waste

a) 0.37

D/AAb6-006

b) 370

17

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Am 241

Cs 134

Cs 137

Co 60

U 235

U 238

Pu 238

Pu 239

Co 58

Co 60

Mn 54

Ag 110m

Fe 59

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

1

1

2

2

Nuclear activities

Nuclear activities

Return
following
treatment

Return
following
treatment

Road

Belgium

Rail

Germany

Road

Belgium

Rail

Germany

Nuclear industry

Return to
Sweden of
waste after
decontaminatio
n in France

Road

Sea

Sweden
Denmark
Germany
Belgium
France
and return

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Road

Germany

Rail

Sweden

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry

incineration

Road

Germany

Rail

Sweden

Road

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Road

Germany

Rail

Sweden

Road

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Germany

A

M/6

Combustible waste

a) 0.15

D/AAb5-001

b) 15

Germany

A

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.6

D/AAb5-006

b) 600

Germany

A

M/12

Solid waste (organic)

a) 1.0

D/AAb5-013

b) 360

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Co 60

Co 57

Co 58

Mn 54

Cr 51

Co 60

Cs 137

Nb 95

Zr 95

Cr 51

H 3

Ag 110m

Mn 54

Co 58

Fe 55

18

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Germany

D/AAb5-003

Germany

D/AAb5-001

Germany

D/AAb5-015

Germany

D/AAb5-017

Germany

D/AAb5-004

A

A

A

A

A

M/12

combustible waste

a) 0.6

b) 600

M/12

combustible waste

a) 0.60

b) 600

M/12

combustible waste

a) 0.06

b)60

M/3

combustible waste

a) 0.320

b) 320

M/6

combustible waste

a) 0.48

b) 480

Germany

A

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 1.8

D/AAb5-005

b) 1800

Co 60

Fe 55

Ni 63

Co 60

Fe 55

Cs 137

Co 60

Cs 137

Co 60

Ag 110m

Mn 54

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Co 60

Cs 137

19

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Road

Germany

Rail

Sweden

Road

2

2

2

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Germany

A

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.48

D/AAb5-021

b) 480

Germany

A

M/16

Combustible waste

a) 2.0

D/AAb5-014

Germany

D/AAb5-027

Germany

D/AAb5-012

Germany

D/AAb5-018

A

A

A

b) 2000

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 1.2

b) 1200

M/15

Combustible waste

a) 0.0015

b) 100

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.48

b) 480

20

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Co 60

Cs 137

Zn 65

Mn 54

Co 60

Fe 55

H 3

Co 60

Cs 137

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Cd 113m

Pu 241

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry

incineration

Road

Germany

Rail

Sweden

Road

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

2

2

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

Germany

D/AAb8-004

Germany

D/AAb8-009

Germany

D/AAb6-018

A

A

A

Germany

A

D/AAb6-020

France
96-01

A

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.600

Co 60

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Rail

Germany

b) 200

Road

Sweden

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.06

Co 60

Nuclear industry

Incineration

Rail

Germany

I

I

I

b) 60

Dust residues from
filtering devices

a) 86 TBq

Cs 137

b) 2.7 TBq

Used Ion exchange
resins

a) 0.35 MBq

b) 3.2

Co 60

Cs 137

Fe 55

Ni 63

Residues from
melting of
contaminated
metal scrap

Return of
residues from
melting

Nuclear industry

Research in
treatment
techniques

Technological waste
(solid)

b) 0.2

Co 60

Nuclear industry

Return
following
decontaminatio
n

Road

Sweden

Rail

Germany

Austria

Italy

Road

Germany

Sea

France

Road

United
Kingdom

Road

France

Germany

21

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

2

2

2

2

1

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

France
96-04

France
96-05

France
96-06

A

A

C

I

I

I

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) 27

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) 1.9

Vitrified fission
products (solid)

a) 5.62 PBq

b) 1124.8 PBq

Co 58

Cr 51

Co 60

Fe 59

Co 58

Co 60

Cm 244

Am 241

Eu 154

Ru 106

Ce 144

Cs 137

22

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Road

France

1

Belgium

Road

France

1

Germany

Nuclear industry
(pump
decontamination)

Nuclear Industry

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

France

1

issued from
reprocessing of
irradiated fuel

Japan

Rail

Sea

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

France
97-01

A

M/3

Technological waste
(solid)

a) 480

b) 68.00

U

Pu

Sr

Y

Sb

Ra

Cs

Np

Cm

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

France

1

issued from
reprocessing
irradiated fuel

Germany

France
97-02

France
97-04

A

C

I

I

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) 0.35

Co 60

Cs 137

Nuclear industry

Road

France

1

Germany

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Vitrified fission
products (solid)

a) 8.44 PBq

b) 1687.2 PBq

Cm 244

Am 241

Eu 154

Ru 106

Ce 144

Cs 137

23

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

France

1

issued from
reprocessing
irradiated fuel

Japan

Rail

Sea

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

France
97-05

A

M/5

a) 210

b) 9 500

France
98-01

A

M/2

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) 100

1 shipment effected

France
98-02

A

I

Resins embedded in
cement (solid)

b) 145

U

Pu

Sr 90

Y 90

Cs 137

Cs 134

Co 58

Co 60

Mn 54

Fe 59

Cs 137

Co 60

Ni 63

Ca 134

Zn 65

Mn 54

24

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

France

2

issued from
reprocessing
irradiated fuel

Germany

Nuclear industry
(pump
decontamination)

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Road

France

2

Sea

Belgium

Germany

Denmark

Sweden

Nuclear industry

Return after
examination

Road

France

1

Spain

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

France
98-03

France
98-06

Austria

Portugal

A

A

A

A

I

I

I

I

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) 67

Ion exchange resins
(solid)

b) <100

Nuclear industry
(pump
decontamination)

b) <100

Nuclear industry
(pump
decontamination

Co 58

Cr 51

Co 60

Fe 59

Co 58

Cr 51

Co 60

Fe 59

Ash embedded in
cement

Nuclear industry

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Return to the
power station
of origin of the
activity
removed by the
decontaminatio
n made to allow
maintenance

Return
following
treatment

Road

France

1

Belgium

Road

France

1

Belgium

Austria

1

Italy

Inorganic and organic
liquids

b) 0.055

C 14

H 3

Research

Return

Sea

Portugal

Spain

Germany

25

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Sweden
864/2073/96

Sweden
864/2080/96

Sweden
864/2081/96

Sweden
864/2065/96

Sweden
864/2075/96

A

A

A

A

A

6

4 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

4 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

3 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

a) 0.37

b) 370

a) 1.5

b) 150

a) 0.6

b) 600

a) 0.57

b) 570

a) 0.65

b) 235

26

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

2

2

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Sweden
864/2078/96

Sweden
864/2067/96

Sweden
864/2079/96

Sweden
864/2071/96

Sweden
864/2076/96

A

A

A

A

A

6

5 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

2 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

2 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

2 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

a) 0.6

b) 600

a) 0.4

b) 400

a) 0.15

b) 150

a) 0.1

b) 200

a) 0.22

b) 215

27

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

2

2

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Sweden
864/2068/96

Sweden
864/2074/96

Sweden
864/2069/96

Sweden
864/2077/96

Sweden
864/2070/96

A

A

A

A

A

6

2 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 0.4

b) 400

6

2 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 1

b) 1000

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 0.14

b) 135

6

4 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 1

b) 1000

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 0.54

b) 535

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

28

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

2

2

2

2

2

Member State
authorising
the shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A9
B10
C11
D12

Shipment authorised per
multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)
Number of shipments
effected on 31/12/98

Nature of the waste
and physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)13
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually
shipped5 in the
period 1996-
1998 (GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Sweden
864/2066/96

Sweden
864/2072/96

Sweden
864/2406/96

Sweden
574/2038/98

United
Kingdom

A

A

A

B

A

6

3 shipments effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

6

1 shipment effected

Ashes, combustible
and non-combustible
waste

a) 0.1

b) 75

a) 0.45

b) 45

1

1

Slag and dust

a) 1.7 MBq

b) 1

Combustible waste

a) 0.2 MBq

b) 13

M/x

Ion exchange resin

b) 1.4

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Mn 54

Zn 65

Co 60

Cs 137

Co 60

Co 58

Cs 137

Co 60

Cs 137

29

Type of activity
giving raise to the
waste

Purpose of the
shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

(1) completed

(2) not
completed

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
incineration

Germany

Rail

Sea

Nuclear industry Return of waste

Road

Sweden

following
smelting

Nuclear industry

Incineration of
waste

Germany

Rail

Sea

Road

Slovenia

Sea

Austria

Germany

Sweden

Nuclear industry

Return
following
treatment

Road

UK

Sea

Germany

2

2

1

1

2

TABLE 2: Shipments authorised in the period 1994-1995 not completed at the end of 1995

Member State
authorising the
shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A14
B15
C16
D17

Shipment authorised
per multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)

Nature of the waste and
physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)18
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually shipped5
up to 31/12/98
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Type of
activity
giving raise
to the waste

Purpose of
the shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

Belgium

Germany

A

M/12

Combustible waste

a) 0.600

D/AAb5-009

b) 600

Nuclear
industry

Incineration

Rail

Germany

Road

Sweden

Co 60

Cs 137

Cs 134

Mn 54

Zn 65

Cr 51

Others

(1) completed

(2) not complete

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

1

3

14

15

16

17

18

Shipments between Member States
Import into the Community
Export from the Community
Transit through the Community
Activities are expressed in gigabecquerel, unless otherwise indicated. The multiples of the becquerel, their prefixes and symbols utilised in the table are the following:
kilobecquerel, kBq = 10³ Bq; megabecquerel, MBq = 106 Bq; gigabecquerel, GBq = 109 Bq; terabecquerel, TBq = 1012 Bq; petabecquerel, PBq = 1015Bq

30

Member State
authorising the
shipment/
registration
number of the
authorisation

Type of
shipment
A14
B15
C16
D17

Shipment authorised
per multiple
authorisation/number of
shipments (M/n);
shipment individually
authorised (I)

Nature of the waste and
physico-chemical
characteristics of the
waste

Total activity
authorised for the
shipment(s)18
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Main
radionuclides

Total activity
actually shipped5
up to 31/12/98
(GBq)
a)alpha
b)beta/gamma

Type of
activity
giving raise
to the waste

Purpose of
the shipment

Mode(s) of
transport

Ordered list
of countries
involved

Status of
shipment(s) on
31/12/98

France
95-03

A

M/21

Vitrified fission products
(solid)

2 shipments effected

a) 5.6 PBq

b) 1 125 PBq

a) 7.88 PBq

b) 1574.8 PBq

Nuclear
industry

Return of
waste issued
from
reprocessing
of irradiated
fuel

Road

France

Germany

Rail

Sea

Cm 244

Am 241

Eu 154

Ru 106

Ce 144

Cs 137

France
95-02

A

I

Contaminated scrap
metal loaded in a tipper

a) 170 MBq

Ra (various
isitopes)

Industry

Recovery of
the scrap by
the owner of
the tipper

Road

France

BelgiumThe
Netherlands

31

(1) completed

(2) not complete

(3) cancelled or
authorisation
expired

3

1

PART B - INFORMATION ON THE SITUATION WITH REGARD TO SHIPMENTS WITHIN THE
SECOND

(ARTICLE 18,

TERRITORY OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBER STATES
PARAGRAPH OF DIRECTIVE 92/3/EURATOM)

GENERAL

Article 18 second paragraph of the Directive requires the Member States to supplement their
reports on the implementation of the Directive with information on the situation with regard
to shipments within their respective territories. The following information was provided by
Member States for the preparation of the present report covering the period 1996-1998.

In the period covered by the report, there have been no accidents involving shipments of
radioactive waste that led to an exposure of members of the public significant from the
radiation protection point of view or to a significant release of radioactive substances to the
environment.

BELGIUM

• Authorities authorising internal shipments

The Dienst voor Bescherming tegen Ioniserende Stralingen (DBIS) van het Ministerie van
Sociale Zaken, Volksgezondheid en Leefmilieu/Service
les
rayonnements ionisants du Ministère des Affaires Sociales, de la Santé Publique et de
l’Environnement (Service Protection against Ionising Radiation of the Ministry for Social
Affairs, Public Health and Environment) delivers the authorisations for executing the
transport. The authorisations for transport are delivered directly to the carrier.

de Protection contre

The Organisme National des Déchets Radioactifs et des matières Fissiles/Nationale Instelling
voor het Beheer van Radioactief Afval en Splijtstoffen ONDRAF/NIRAS (National Agency
for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials) is responsible for the management of
radioactive waste in Belgium. NIRAS/ONDRAF orders the carrier to carry out the shipments.
Such shipments are carried out only with the expressed approval of NIRAS/ONDRAF.

• National regulatory laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The shipments are regulated by the Royal Decree of 30 March 1981 on the establishment and
operation of the National Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, as
modified by a Royal Decree of 16 October 1991.

• Organisations carrying out the shipments

According to the above-mentioned Royal Decree, NIRAS/ONDRAF is in charge of the
organisation of transport of radioactive waste from the sites of the individual producers. The
Royal Decree specifies that this duty can be carried out directly or by contractors. The
transport of radioactive waste in the period 1996-1998 was commissioned to TRANSNUBEL
and to TRANSRAD.

32

• Modes of transport used

All transport operations were affected by road, most of them using 20 feet ISO-containers or
40 feet ISO-containers in combination with adequate packagings such as type A and type B.

Dedicated containers (TNB 167, TNB 178) were used for waste with high dose rate.

• Nature of the waste transported internally

Non-conditioned waste

–

–

–

Solid and liquid radioactive waste of low, medium and high activity (alpha, beta,
gamma)

Waste from dismantling

Disused sources

Conditioned waste

–

Waste arising from the conditioning of the above-mentioned non-conditioned waste;
waste conditioned in the nuclear power stations of Doel and Tihange. Conditioned
waste is enclosed in a bitumen or concrete matrix.

• Information on internal shipments

In 1996, 316 shipments were carried out involving 1450 m³ of waste with a total activity of
20.2 PBq.

In 1997, 274 shipments were carried out involving 1350 m³ of waste with a total activity of
0.91 PBq.

In 1998, 282 shipments were carried out involving 1220 m³ of waste with a total activity of
0.58 PBq.

Denmark

• General information

Only waste from the medical, industrial and research related uses of radionuclides gives rise
to national transfers of radioactive waste. The only place in Denmark where radioactive waste
can be stored is at Risø National Laboratory, where an arrangement covering interim storage
of low and intermediate level waste has been in operation since the late 1950s. This
arrangement will be maintained until decisions are made concerning the final disposal of
radioactive waste in Denmark. All waste that cannot be disposed of or left to decay where it is
produced must thus be shipped to Risø for storage. (For sealed sources only the holder may
also have the option of returning them to the manufacturer).

Danish regulations do not make such transfers of waste an activity requiring reporting by the
producer of the waste. Risø is required to maintain records of all transfers of waste received,
but only the yearly amounts need be reported to the authorities. In relation to the producers
these operations are treated on a par with other procedures involving radionuclides, which in
this context means that every person holding a licence to possess, use, store or transport

33

radioactive substances is responsible for the safe handling and disposal of any radioactive
waste arising from the licensed activity.

• Information on internal shipments

The following table summarises the information on the waste delivered to Risø in the years
1996, 1997 and 1998.

Tonnes of radioactive waste
transferred

Max activity of radionuclides
with halflives greater than 1 year
(tritium not included)

Max activity of used Ir-192
gamma radiography
sources

1996

1997

1998

5.54 t

3.0 t

2.85 t

Germany

• General information

1290 GBq

298 GBq

237 GBq

10.000 GBq

9.510 GBq

8.545 GBq

At present, radioactive waste originates from:

–

–

–

The operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants and facilities of the
nuclear fuel cycle,

Nuclear research centres,

The use of radioisotopes in industry, research (universities) and medicine.

Radioactive waste arising from the nuclear power plants and facilities of the nuclear fuel
cycle is mainly collected, pre-treated and conditioned on-site. In the nuclear research centres
radioactive wastes are treated and stored on-site.

• Authority authorising internal shipments

In compliance with national legal regulations, the competent authority for the transport of
radioactive waste by rail is the Eisenbahnbundesamt – EBA (Federal Office for Railways)
whereas the transport of radioactive waste by road is authorised by the competent authorities
of the Federal States. The transport of radioactive waste containing nuclear material, for
example spent fuel, is authorised by the Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz – BfS (Federal Office
for Radiation Protection).

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The transport operations of radioactive waste must comply with the transport regulations as
well as the legal nuclear regulations. These include the Gesetz über die Beförderung
gefährlicher Güter (Law on the Transport of Dangerous Goods), the Atomgesetz – AtG
(Atomic Energy Act) and the derived regulations as the Gefahrgutverordnung Strasse –
GGVS (Regulation on Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road), the Gefahrgutverordnung
Eisenbahn – GGVE (Regulation on Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail),
the
Strahlenschutzverordnung – StrlSchV (Radiation Protection Ordinance) etc.

34

• Organisations carrying out the shipments

Transport of radioactive waste form nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel cycle facilities is
exclusively carried out by the Deutsche Bahn AG. The transport is mainly by rail with
recourse to road connections only in the case of facilities without rail connection. Shipments
by road are carried out by various shipping companies.

• Modes of transport

The transport is carried out mainly by rail and also by road.

• Main disposal or storage sites

the disposal of short-lived low and intermediate level

The Endlager für radioaktive Abfälle Morsleben – ERAM (Morsleben repository) was used
for
radioactive waste with
concentrations of alpha emitters up to 0.4 GBq/m³. The emplacement of radioactive waste
was stopped by court in September 1998. In the period from 1971 to 1998 a radioactive waste
volume of 36 753 m³ and 6617 spent sealed radiation sources were emplaced. The annual
volume of radioactive waste shipped to the Morsleben repository amounts to 5 471 m³ in
1996, 6 081 m³ in 1997 and 5 077 m³ in 1998.

Centralised interim storage facilities exist at Gorleben, Ahaus, Lubmin and Mitterteich.
Decentralised interim storage facilities are run on-site by most waste producers. Collection
depots operated on behalf of the Federal States are available for radioactive waste originating
from industry, universities and medicine, i.e. smaller waste producers.

• Nature of the waste shipped

The radioactive waste transported internally was mainly solid or solidified low and
intermediate level radioactive waste.

The characteristics of waste transported depend on origin, waste type, pre-treatment and
conditioning. Typical waste forms are for example immobilised liquids and/or concentrates,
contaminated and/or activated materials, residues from incineration, dried sludges, resins and
others.

Information on internal shipments

In the period 1996 – 1998 the following low and intermediate level radioactive waste was
transported to the Morsleben repository:

Year

1996

1997

1998

Number of
shipments

Total volume
(m³)

Total activity
(TBq)

5471

6081

5077

13

18

34

764

772

623

35

Spain

• General information

Spent fuel from nuclear power stations is stored in their own on-site cooling ponds and is
therefore not the subject of shipments, except in the case of Vandellós I, from where spent
fuel is sent to France for reprocessing, and is therefore not a waste in terms of the Directive,
the last shipment took place at the end of 1994.

As regards wastes of medium and low activity,
the Empresa Nacional de Residuos
Radiactivos, S.A. (National Agency for Radioactive Waste) ENRESA has established
contracts with the producers in the nuclear installations and other facilities, which use
radioactive substances. The producers must fulfil certain acceptance criteria for waste
established by ENRESA and approved by the government. Compliance with these criteria is
verified by ENRESA itself.

• Authority authorising internal shipments

The internal shipments of radioactive waste within Spain are authorised by Dirección General
de la Energía (Directorate General for energy) of the Ministry of Industry and Energy, when it
is needed.

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The following regulations govern these shipments:

–

–

–

–

–

–

Law 25/1964 on Nuclear Energy;

Royal Decree 1749/1984 on air shipments;

Royal Decree 879/1989 on rail shipments;

Royal Decree 2088/1994 transposition of Council Directive 92/3/Euratom;

Royal Decree 2115/1998 on road shipments;

Royal Decree 2225/1998 amendment of Royal Decree 879/1989.

• Organisations carrying out the shipments

The shipment of radioactive waste in Spain is carried out by ENRESA,
the Spanish
Radioactive Waste Management Company, by its own means or by subcontracting a
specialised company.

• Modes of transport used

The transport of radioactive waste within Spain is made by road. The Spanish Administration
receives a monthly planning for
including dates,
characteristics, origins and volumes of waste. Any incidents that may occur during the
transport must also be reported.

the shipments to be carried out,

36

• Main disposal or storage sites

The main disposal site in Spain is El Cabril facility, a L/ILW near surface disposal facility, in
operation since 1992.

• Nature of the waste shipped

The wastes transported to El Cabril are low and intermediate level wastes, which comply with
the acceptance criteria established by ENRESA and approved by the Spanish Authorities.
ENRESA has contracts with the waste producers, both with radioactive installations (small
producers) and nuclear installations. At the end of 1998, 500 radioactive installations all over
Spain had contracts with ENRESA for removing their wastes. The waste from nuclear
installations came from 9 nuclear reactors units in operation and 1 in decommissioning
process, 1 fuel fabrication plant, and 1 research centre.

The waste shipments from the radioactive installations to the El Cabril facility are solids,
liquids, organic waste and spent sealed sources. The wastes from the nuclear installations are
solidified waste and compacted waste.

• Information on internal shipments

In 1996, the total number of internal shipments of wastes from nuclear installations was 264,
with a total volume of 1 966 m³ and their activity 19 400 GBq. In 1997, the number of
shipments was 265, with a total volume of 1 939 m³ and an activity of 28 200 GBq. In 1998,
the number of internal shipments was 238 with a volume of 1955 m³ and an activity of 21 900
GBq.

Regarding the internal shipments of wastes from radioactive installations, the total number in
1996 was of 50, with a total volume of 137 m³ and an activity of 50 900 GBq. In 1997, the
number of shipments was 60, with a total volume of 153 m³ and 565 000 GBq. In 1998, the
internal shipments were 47, with a volume of 129 m³ and an activity of 246 000 GBq. The
activity increase during this period compared with the two previous years is due to shipments
of Co 60 and Cs 137 sealed sources.

France

• General information

Responsibility for the transport of radioactive waste rests either with waste producers or with
the Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (the national agency for
radioactive waste management) ANDRA, one of whose tasks is to operate surface storage
installations. (Aube Storage Center)

There are two categories of producer:

–

–

large producers i.e. the undertakings involved in the different stages of the nuclear
fuel cycle (EDF, COGEMA, CEA etc.). Every year approximately 30 000 to 40 000
packages are shipped, corresponding to a total volume of about 13 000 to 21 000
cubic metres. The waste is shipped either by road or rail;

small producers (hospitals, research centres), of which there are about 800. The
annual volume of waste produced is about 300 cubic metres, which corresponds to
about 1 000 packages.

37

The low and intermediate-level waste shipped to the storage facilities consists of
technological wastes (gloves, plastics, metal parts, etc.) or process wastes (ion exchange
resins, filters, etc.). It is placed in metal drums, in concrete canisters or containers, or in metal
containers. The packages are prepared by the producers in accordance with specifications laid
down by ANDRA. These specifications, which take into account the safety regulations for
storage and plant management, are known to the national safety authority, i.e. the Directorate
for the Safety of Nuclear Installations.

In order to ensure that the packages meet the specifications, ANDRA carries out checks
during manufacture and rigorous testing (destructive of non-destructive) after delivery to the
storage facilities.

All waste shippers are subject to annual approval by ANDRA. This approval relates both to
staff and to transport vehicles. In addition, random checks are regularly carried out in order to
determine whether shippers are complying with all the regulations.

Since 1994 , the Aube Storage Center is the only storage center actively operated.

• Information on internal shipments

Informations on the internal shipments effected in France during the years 1996-1998 are
summarised in the following table.

Ear

No. of road vehicles

No. of railways wagons

1996

611

604

1997

535

446

1998

603

223

Volume (m³)

21800

17100

12800

Greece

Greece has no disposal sites for radioactive waste. No internal shipments took place during
the period covered by the present report.

Ireland

• Authorities authorising internal shipments

Authorisation as regards shipments of radioactive waste within Ireland are issued by the
Radiological Protection institute of Ireland (RPII).

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

All shipments of radioactive substances in Ireland are governed by the Radiological
protection Act, 1991 (General Control of radioactive Substances, Nuclear Devices and
irradiating Apparatus) Order, 1993 (Statutory Instrument No 151 of 1993).

38

• Organisations responsible for carrying out the shipments

Irish law provides for the control by licence, to be obtained from the RPII, of activities that
include the transportation of radioactive substances. The licence holders are responsible for
carrying out the shipments of any radioactive waste that they generate.

• What modes of transport are used?

Shipments of radioactive waste in Ireland are carried out exclusively by road.

• Which are the main disposal or storage sites in your country?

For the period covering 1996, 1997 and 1998, licence holders disposing of waste containing
radioactive substances did so at levels below the exemption values specified in Statutory
Instrument No 151 of 1993 for the radionuclides involved. The sites of storage of radioactive
waste in Ireland belong to the holders of the radioactive waste. At present, Ireland does not
have a national storage site for radioactive waste.

• Nature of the waste shipped

The radioactive waste that
is shipped in Ireland is low level aqueous and solid waste
containing iodine-125. The solid waste is comprised of laboratory disposables such as plastic
containers and gloves.

• Information on internal shipments

The total number of internal shipments of radioactive waste for the three year period,
1996-1998 inclusive, was 15 (five in each year),

The total volume of the 15 shipments was approximately 5 m3,

The total activity of the 15 shipments was less than 1 GBq.

–

–

–

Italy

• Authorities authorising internal shipments

Shipments of radioactive waste within the Italian territory are authorised either by the
Ministero dell’Industria, del Commercio e dell’Artigianato, Direzione Generale Energia e
Risorse Minerarie (Ministry of Industry, Trade and Craftsmanship, Directorate General
Energy and Mines Resources), or by the local authorities according to the characteristics of
the waste.

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The shipments are governed by the Decreto legislativo (legislative Decree) of 17 March 1995
n° 230 and by the Guida Tecnica (Technical Guide) n° 26 issued by the Agenzia nazionale per
le Protezione dell’Ambiente (National Agency for Environment Protection) ANPA.

39

• Organisations carrying out the shipments

The shipments are carried out by the organisations responsible for the management of the
storage sites distributed on the national territory and by carriers licensed for the transport of
radioactive materials.

• Nature of the waste shipped and information on internal shipments

Shipments within Italy mainly involve three types of waste:

–

–

–

low level waste from the nuclear fuel cycle (cemented ashes). During the period
covered by the present report, Italy received 4 shipments of such waste authorised by
the Belgian, German and Austrian authorities;

disused sealed sources of cobalt-60 and cesium-137;

low level waste from medical diagnostic, industrial or research practices.

• Information on internal shipments

Cobalt-60, Cesium-137 and other disused sources

–

–

–

1996: there was 1 shipment of an hospital device with a source of Cs-137 with an
activity of 35900GBq;

1997: there were 3 shipments of industrial and hospital devices with sources of Co-
60 and Ra-Be with a total activity if 17450 GBq.

1998: No internal shipments of disused radiation sources took place.

Low level waste coming from medical, industrial of research use

–

–

–

1996: total volume = 670 m³ with a total activity of 3390 GBq;

1997: total volume = 620 m³ with a total activity of 5020 GBq.

1998: total volume = 580 m³ with a total activity of 3485 GBq.

• Main disposal or storage sites

The wastes are in most cases transported to a few collection centres operated by companies
such as Nucleco (Roma), Protex (Forli), Cemerad (Taranto) and Campoverde (Milano).

• Modes of transport used

Shipments are normally carried out by rail for the waste from the nuclear fuel cycle and by
road for the other waste.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg has no facilities for treatment, conditioning or final storage of radioactive waste.
For this reason, no internal shipments took place during the period covered by the present
report.

40

The Netherlands

• Authority authorising internal shipments

Internal shipments are authorised by the Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke
Ordening en Milieubeheer (Ministry for Housing, Planning and the Environment).

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

Shipments are governed by the Kernenergie-wet; Besluit vervoer splijtstoffen, ertsen en
radioactieve stoffen Stb. 1969, 405 (Nuclear Energy Act; Decree on Transport of Fissile
Materials , Ores and Radioactive substances); Decree of 31 August 1987 designating COVRA
as a collection service, Staatscourant 176).

• Organisation responsible for carrying out the shipments

The Centrale Organisatie voor Radioactief Afval (Central Organisation for Radioactive
Waste) COVRA is responsible for carrying out the shipments.

• Modes of transport used

Shipments are carried out by road.

• Main disposal or storage sites

The main disposal and storage sites are: Spanjeweg 1 (Docknumber 8601), Industrieterrein
Vlissingen-Oost.

• Nature of the waste shipped

Waste transported within the Netherlands are generally unconditioned waste from laboratories
and hospitals and conditioned waste from nuclear facilities.

• Information on internal shipments

Informations on internal shipments in the Netherlands are summarised in the following table:

Number of shipments of
unconditioned waste

Total volume of the unconditioned
waste shipped (m³)

Estimated number of shipments of
conditioned waste

Total activity of the conditioned
waste shipped (GBq)

1996

112

275

30

1997

81

279

36

1998

74

193

13

32 525

100 864

2 983

41

Austria

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments – Main disposal or storage sites

The management and disposal of radioactive waste in Austria is regulated on the basis of the
fifth section of part III (paragraphs 89-92) of the Strahlenschutzverordnung (Decree on
radiation protection), BGBR. Nr. 47/1972. In compliance with a decree issued by the former
Ministry for Health and Environment Protection on 16.4.1982,
radioactive waste are
transported to the Seibersdorf Research Centre (ÖFZS) for storage and conditioning, unless
the waste can be considered as non-active or can be disposed of by water discharge.

• Information on internal shipments

In the period 1996-1998 the following low or medium activity radioactive waste were
transported in the Seibersdorf Research Centre:

Category of waste

1996

1997

1998

Combustible

13.7 tons

23.4 tons

14.5 tons

Non combustible

5.6 tons

23.7 tons

6,9 tons

Liquid

Total

7.8 tons

9.6 tons

7,2 tons

26.8 tons

56.7 tons

28,6 tons

More than half of the waste came from medical activities. The balance came from industry,
research, laboratories of the International Atomic Energy Agency and from the Seibersdorf
Centre itself.

Portugal

• Authority authorising internal shipments

The competent authorities for internal shipments of radioactive wastes are the General
Directorate for the Health of the Ministry of Health and the Nuclear and Technological
Institute of the Ministry of Science and Technology for spent sealed radioactive sources.

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The supervision and control is subject to the Decree Law n°348/89 of 12 October 1989, laying
down the basic protection measures of all activities involving radiological risk comprising the
transport of all radioactive materials, and the Regulatory Law n°9/90 of 19 April 1990, which
is the transposition into the Portuguese Law of the Directive 80/836/Euratom.

• Organisations carrying out the shipments

All shipments were carried out by the Department of Radiological Protection and Nuclear
Safety (DPRSN) of the Nuclear and Technological Institute, except spent sealed sources
shipped by the users when authorised for that.

42

• Modes of transport used

All shipments were made by road.

• Main disposal or storage sites

Waste that could not be disposed, incinerated or left to decay where it was produced was
shipped to DPRSN where a facility for interim storage of radioactive waste has been in
operation since the years 1960’s. For spent sealed radioactive sources the holder may have the
option of returning them to the manufacturer. The arrangement for interim storage will be
maintained until decisions are made concerning the final disposal of radioactive waste

• Nature of the waste shipped

In Portugal only the utilisation of radioisotopes in industry, medicine and research gives rise
to internal shipments of radioactive waste.

• Information on internal shipments

During 1996-1997:

(a)

(b)

(c)

140 internal shipments;

12 m³ of equivalent conditioned waste;

1400 GBq.

During 1998:

(a)

(b)

(c)

60 internal shipments;

5 m³ of equivalent conditioned waste;

20 GBq.

FINLAND

• Authority authorising internal shipments

The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK).

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

Radiation Act and DecreeNuclear energy act and Decree

Transport of Dangerous Goods Act

• Organisation responsible for carrying out the shipments

The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK)

• Modes of transport used

Shipments are by road.

43

• Main disposal or storage sites

Olkiluoto repository.

All material from the “old” waste repository in Helsinki were moved to the Olkiluoto
repository in 1997.

• Nature of the waste shipped

Sealed sources removed from equipment, old industrial and medical radioactive waste
(including tritium, radium, etc.).

• Information on internal shipments

There were 2 shipments of waste in 1997. No shipments took place in 1996 and 1998.

The volume of the waste was approximately 35 cubic metres, packages included.

The activity of the waste shipped was approximately 32000GBq.

Sweden

• Authority authorising internal shipments

The Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, SSI authorises shipments of radioactive waste,
which do not consist of high-level waste from reprocessing or nuclear fissile material.

The Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, SKI authorises shipments of radioactive waste
consisting of high-level waste from reprocessing and nuclear fissile material .

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The Swedish Radiation Protection Act. The Swedish Nuclear Activities Act.

• Organisations responsible for the carrying out internal shipments

In general, the consignor of the waste material is responsible for shipment. The majority of
the internal waste shipments in Sweden are between the nuclear power plants (NPPs) and the
SFR in Forsmark (disposal sit for low- and intermediate-level waste), Studsvik AB (waste
treatment plant) and CLAB in Oskarshamn (interim storage site for spent nuclear fuel and
certain intermediate- and high-level waste. All of these consignors and consignees are located
on the Swedish coast. The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, a
company which is jointly owned by the Swedish nuclear power companies, is responsible for
transport operations. Most consignments are carried out using a special transport system
consisting of purpose-built packagings, vehicles and dedicated vessel (M/S Sigyn)., and is
mostly

• Modes of transport

Shipping of conditioned waste from the Ringhals NPP, the Barsebäck NPP, the Oskarshamn
NPP and Studsvik AB treatment plant are made by a dedicated vessel (M/S Sigyn) to SFR in
Forsmark. From the Forsmark NPPs the corresponding shipments go by road to SFR.

44

Shipment of core components with high specific activity are made by a dedicated vessel
(M/S Sigyn) from NNPs to the interim storage site CLAB in Oskarshamn.

Large components with low specific activity are sent from NPPs to the smelting plant in
Studsvik, either by a dedicated vessel (M/S Sigyn) or by road.

Combustible waste from NNPs and other consignors, e.g. hospitals and universities, are
transported by road to the Studsvik AB treatment plant.

In addition, irradiated nuclear fuel is transported from the NNPs by a dedicated vessel
(M/S Sigyn) to the CLAB interim storage site in Oskarshamn. These shipments have not been
taken into account in this report.

• Main disposal or storage sites

The main sites in Sweden for the storage of radioactive waste are CLAB facility in
Oskarshamn (interim storage site for spent nuclear fuel and certain intermediate- and
high-level waste) and SFR in Forsmark( disposal site for conditioned low- and intermediate
level waste from nuclear plants, medical activities and research).

Radioactive low-level waste is stored at Studsvik AB in connection with treatment.,

• Nature of the waste shipped

Most radioactive waste transported within the country is conditioned waste from NPPS which
is being sent for final disposal.

In addition, there are shipments of combustible materials (protective clothing, protective
footwear, gloves, rags, etc.) which are sent for incineration as well as equipment and metal
scrap with induced activity or contamination which are to be decontaminated and/or melted
down.

Radioactive waste from medical, research or technical activities mainly consists of discarded
radiation sources and combustible waste.

• Information on internal shipments

Informations on the internal shipments to the SFR facility during the years 1996-1998 are
summarised in the following table.

Year

Number of shipments

Volume (m³)

1996

41

2674

Total activity in the whole
period

1997

23

1731

1998

21

1563

Approx. 150 TBq

45

United Kingdom

• Authority authorising internal shipments

Within the UK the following authorities are currently empowered to authorise internal
shipments of radioactive waste:

The Environment Agency for shipments in England and Wales.

The Scottish Environment Protection Agency for shipments in Scotland; and

Chief Radiochemical Inspector, the Industrial Pollution and Radiochemical Inspectorate,
Environment and Heritage Service in Northern Ireland.

For part of the period covered by this report the competent authorities were Her Majesty’s
Inspectorate of Pollution for England and Wales, Her Majesty’s Industrial Pollution
Inspectorate for Scotland and the Alkali and Radiochemical Inspectorate of the Department of
the Environment for Northern Ireland.

• National laws or regulations governing internal shipments

The accumulation and disposal of radioactive waste in the United Kingdom (UK) is regulated
by the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA 93). For the purposes of RSA 93, the transfer
of radioactive waste from any site (nuclear industry or other) is treated as a ‘disposal’ from
that site. Such an authorisation may be specific to a particular disposal, or cover a number of
disposals over a defined period of time.

Exemption Orders (secondary legislation) provide that the provisions of RSA 93 in relation to
authorisation for disposal of radioactive waste do not apply to certain categories of
radioactive waste of very low activity. This is the case where the radioactive waste in question
is (a) a solid, other than a closed source, which is substantially insoluble in water, the activity
of which, when it becomes waste, does not exceed 0.4 Bqg-1; (b) an organic liquid which is
radioactive solely because of the presence of carbon-14 or tritium (or both), the activity of
which when it becomes waste does not exceed 4 Bqml-1 ; or (c) gas containing one or more
radionuclides none of which have a half life greater than 100 seconds. In addition, certain
other wastes are exempted from the need for authorisation under RSA 93 by Exemption
Orders.

• Organisations responsible for carrying out the shipments

Within the UK no single agency is responsible for the shipment of radioactive waste.
Responsibility for the transport of waste lies with the waste producer, who may use suitable
contractors for this purpose.

Shipments of radioactive waste within the UK are required to comply with applicable national
regulations and codes of practice for the transport of radioactive materials. Responsibility for
ensuring compliance with these requirements rests with the Department of the Environment,
Transport and the Regions (the Environment and Heritage Service in Northern Ireland).

• Modes of transport used

Internal shipments of radioactive waste within the UK are undertaken by road or rail
transport.

46

• Main disposal or storage sites

The principal disposal site within the UK for low-level radioactive waste is operated by
British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) at Drigg in Cumbria.

Intermediate-level waste is normally stored at the point of generation or at a central storage
facility operated by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) at Harwell, in
Oxfordshire. There are some shipments of intermediate-level waste from Scottish sites for
storage at Sellafield.

In addition a waste packaging facility is operated by Safeguard International at Harwell. This
company packages radioactive waste from a number of producers, and sends these packages
either to Drigg or to the UKAEA facility.

low-level waste is mainly sent

In Northern Ireland,
landfill sites for special
precautions disposal. There are some shipments of very-low-level waste to landfill sites in
England, Wales and Scotland. However, no data on the number and volume of these
shipments are compiled by the competent authorities.

to local

• Nature of the waste shipped

The majority of radioactive waste transported internally within the UK comprises low-level
waste from the nuclear industry. Smaller quantities of low-level and very low-level waste are
shipped from hospitals, universities, non-nuclear industry and research facilities. The waste is
heterogeneous in nature, comprising contaminated protective clothing, building rubble,
clinical waste, incinerator ash, etc.

• Information on internal shipments

Informations on the internal shipments effected in the UK during the years 1996-1998 are
summarised in the following table:

Table - Shipments within the UK during 1996-1998

England and Wales (low-level waste shipments to Drigg)

Year

No. of Consignments

Volume (m³)

1996

591

10463

1997

491

9160

1998

774

12639

Total activity (GBq)

4309.80

3461.13

17152.08

47

Scotland (low-level waste shipments to Drigg)

Year

No. of Consignments

Volume (m³)

1996

14

282

1997

14

278

1998

15

267

Total activity (GBq)

95.267

158.5056

171.3685

Scotland (intermediate-level waste shipments to Sellafield)

Year

No. of Consignments

Volume (m³)

1996

26

7.7

1997

20

6.2

Total activity (GBq)

183081

42190

For Northern Ireland:

Year

No. of Consignments

Volume (m³)

Total activity (GBq)

1996

14

50

1.66

1997

12

50

3.8

1998

19

5.9

73652

1998

13

50

1.44

48