Proposal for a Council Regulation imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of polyester staple fibres originating in India and the Republic of Korea
Date: 2000-12-12
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: India, South Korea, anti-dumping duty, import, plastics

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 12.12.2000
COM(2000) 833 final

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty
imposed on imports of polyester staple fibres originating in India and
the Republic of Korea

(presented by the Commission)

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

On 7 October 1999 and 21 December 1999,
the Commission opened anti-dumping
investigations in respect of imports of polyester staple fibres (PSF) originating respectively in
the Republic of Korea and India.

On 6 July 2000, by Regulation (EC) No 1472/2000, the Commission imposed provisional
anti-dumping duties. All
their
comments in writing or to request a hearing.

interested parties were given the opportunity to submit

The attached proposal for a Council Regulation is based on the definitive findings on
dumping, injury, causation and Community interest which broadly confirmed the provisional
findings.

It is therefore proposed that the Council adopt the attached proposal for a Regulation which
should be published in the Official Journal by 5 January 2001.

2

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty
imposed on imports of polyester staple fibres originating in India and
the Republic of Korea

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community.

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 of 22 December 1995 on protection
against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community1 and in
particular Article 9 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal submitted by the Commission after consulting the Advisory
Committee,

Whereas:

A.

1.

(1)

2.

(2)

(3)

1

2

PROCEDURE

Provisional measures

By Commission Regulation (EC) No 1472/20002 ("the provisional Regulation")
provisional anti-dumping duties were imposed on imports into the Community of
polyester staple fibres ("PSF") falling within CN code 5503 20 00 and originating in
India and the Republic of Korea.

Subsequent procedure

Following the imposition of provisional anti-dumping duties, several parties submitted
comments in writing. In accordance with the provisions of Article 6(5) of Council
Regulation (EC) No 384/96 ("the basic Regulation"), the parties which so requested
were granted an opportunity to be heard. Parties were informed of the essential facts
and considerations on the basis of which it was intended to recommend the imposition
of a definitive anti-dumping duty and the definitive collection, at the level of the
definitive duty, of amounts secured by way of provisional duty. They were also
granted a period within which to make representations subsequent to this disclosure.

The oral and written comments submitted within the deadlines set for that purpose by
the interested parties were considered and, where deemed appropriate, duly taken into
account for the definitive findings.

OJ L 56, 6.3.1996, p.1 Regulation as last amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 2238/2000, OJ L
257, 11.10.2000, p.2
OJ L 166, 6.7.2000, p.1, as amended by Regulation 1899/2000 (OJ L 228, 8.9.2000, p. 24)

3

(4)

(5)

B.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Certain interested parties claimed that
the initiation standards applied by the
Commission were improper and arbitrary. They further claimed that the initiation of a
new proceeding against the Republic of Korea two months after the termination of a
previous proceeding (see recital (7) of the provisional Regulation), contradicted the
finding in that investigation that there was no likelihood of a recurrence of dumping.
In this respect, it should be noted that the finding that there was no likelihood of a
recurrence of dumping was based on findings related to a twelve month investigation
period ending in September 1997, i.e. two years before the initiation of the current
proceeding. In addition, the Commission had examined the new evidence submitted in
the complaint of August 1999 and considered this evidence sufficient to initiate the
present investigation.

The Commission continued to seek and verify all information deemed necessary for its
definitive findings.

PRODUCT CONCERNED

A users’ association claimed that the Notice of Initiation of the present proceeding did
not cover PSF types for non-spinning applications, and that consequently these PSF
types should have been excluded from the proceeding.

It should be noted that the Notice of Initiation, as well as the complaint, clearly
reproduce the description of the relevant CN Code which covers all types of PSF
imported from the exporting producers of the countries concerned and produced by the
Community industry irrespective of their use. The wording of the description of the
relevant CN Code was understood correctly by all interested parties to this proceeding
except for the users’ association mentioned, that repeated a claim that had already
been rejected in an earlier investigation on imports of PSF from Australia, Indonesia
and Thailand3.

Some interested parties also argued that, in any event, a differentiation should be made
between PSF types used for spinning applications (also called woven, hereafter
referred to as PSF-Sp) and PSF used for non-spinning applications (also called non-
woven or fibrefill, hereafter referred to as PSF-NW) because of different specific basic
physical characteristics, determining the end-use of the product. Accordingly, it was
claimed that
laboratory certificates
attesting these characteristics. Furthermore, it was alleged that interchangeability, if
any, between PSF-Sp and PSF-NW was very limited and only concerned certain types
of fibres originally intended for PSF-Sp which might be used as PSF-NW. PSF-NW
therefore, if not excluded from investigation, should at least have been examined in a
separate proceeding.

imported fibres should be subject

to neutral

Regarding the use of the product concerned, significant overlapping, substitution and
competition between different types of PSF was found. The investigation has shown
that there is no clear dividing line between the various types which would establish a
unique link between physical product characteristics and the use of the product and
that, consequently, the available evidence does not allow a product differentiation on
this basis. In that respect,
the results of independent
laboratory analysis cannot possibly determine definitely the ultimate use of the

is also underlined that

it

3

Council Regulation OJ L 175, 14.7.2000, p.10

4

product. Consequently, the various types of PSF involved should be considered as
forming one single product for the purposes of this proceeding.

(10) Based on the foregoing, it is considered that the comments received regarding the
definition of the product concerned, are not such as to invalidate the conclusions of
recital (18) of the provisional Regulation. Consequently, these conclusions, which are
in line with the conclusions reached for the same product in previous investigations,
are hereby confirmed.

C.

1.

DUMPING

India

(11) No claims were made concerning the decision not

to sample Indian exporting
producers and, therefore, the findings set out in recitals (20) to (25) of the provisional
Regulation are hereby confirmed.

1.1.

Normal value

(12)

Following the adoption of provisional measures, one exporting producer requested that
the cost of production of certain second quality product types sold in the domestic
market should be adjusted downwards for the ordinary course of trade test. This
request cannot be accepted because the company reported identical costs of production
for different qualities of each product type in its questionnaire response.

(13) No other claims were made concerning the determination of the normal value. The

conclusions set out in recital (46) of the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed.

1.2.

Export price

(14) No claims were made concerning the determination of the export price. The

conclusions set out in recital (47) of the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed.

1.3.

Comparison

(15)

Following the adoption of provisional measures, one exporting producer argued that
the product types sold on the domestic market which were compared to those exported
to the Community had different physical and technical characteristics and different
end-uses. The company, therefore, requested an adjustment for physical characteristics
and submitted new information to support its request. It was found that the new
information submitted following the adoption of provisional measures concerned
additional product characteristics which had never been requested by the Commission
or identified by the company in its questionnaire response. At this stage of the
investigation it was not possible to change the basis of product comparison which is
set out in the specifications table of the Commission's questionnaire and concerns all
co-operating exporting producers. In addition, the new information contradicted that
for physical
previously received and,
characteristics was rejected.

for an adjustment

the request

therefore,

(16) Another exporting producer argued that differences due to the thickness of the fibres,
expressed in denier or decitex, should be ignored and that consequently all product
types should be treated as one. In this respect, in order to ensure a fair and meaningful
comparison between the products sold in the domestic and export markets, products

5

manufactured by all exporting producers are compared on a type-by-type basis as
defined in the Commission’s questionnaire. Consequently, the argument of limiting
the comparison to one product type cannot be accepted.

(17) One exporting producer submitted new information to support a duty drawback claim
which had been rejected by the Commission at the provisional stage. This request
cannot be accepted since this information, although requested in the questionnaire, had
not been submitted in good time and thus could not be verified.

(18)

The same exporting producer further argued that since the claim for a duty drawback
adjustment had already been proven in the context of a previous proceeding initiated
some ten years ago (Council Regulation (EEC) No 54/934),
it should not be
reinvestigated. In this connection, it should be borne in mind that each anti-dumping
proceeding is assessed on its own merits and is examined on the basis of its own
factual and legal circumstances which may be different
in each proceeding. As
indicated in the previous recital, this exporting producer failed to provide evidence
capable of supporting its claim in the framework of this investigation. In particular, it
was not shown that any duty was borne during the IP by the like product destined for
domestic consumption. The claim was therefore rejected.

(19) Within the context of the duty drawback issue, two exporting producers claimed that
this adjustment should be granted automatically as soon as duties were refunded on the
export side and that the question of whether these duties were incorporated on the
domestic side was immaterial. Pursuant to Article 2(10)(b) of the basic Regulation, a
duty adjustment is only granted provided two conditions are met cumulatively: first, it
must be shown that import charges are borne by the like product and by materials
physically incorporated therein when intended for consumption in the exporting
country and second, these import charges are refunded or not collected when the
product is exported to the Community. If one of the requirements is not fulfilled, the
adjustment for duty drawback cannot be granted.

(20) One exporting producer claimed that certain import duties were incorporated in the
product sold in the domestic market
in excess of the amount granted by the
Commission in the provisional findings. This additional claim was examined and it
was found that import duties paid for certain materials incorporated in the product sold
domestically were indeed in excess of the amount previously established. Therefore,
the provisional calculations were revised accordingly.

(21) However, this exporting producer's new claim for a further adjustment on import
duties for a material imported and paid for by a related company cannot be accepted
since this claim was neither made in good time nor demonstrated to affect price
comparability and in addition, the new information submitted in this respect was not
verifiable at this stage of the investigation.

(22) One exporting producer claimed that as a result of the Indian Government's policy to
encourage the setting up of plants in less developed areas, companies were exempted
from the payment of sales tax owed to the government and it requested an adjustment
to be granted to that effect. The information submitted shows that all sales invoices
concerning products from these exempted factories state that no sales taxes are to be

4

OJ L 9, 15.1.1993, p.2

6

collected by the State and that the buyer is not entitled to claim any drawback, set off
or refund of any sales tax. In these circumstances, since no sales tax is paid, no
adjustment can be granted. However,
in cases where sales invoices concerning
products manufactured from other factories included sales taxes collected by the State,
it was considered that an adjustment was warranted and the calculations were revised
accordingly.

(23) One exporting producer contended that the payment of income tax related only to the
profit generated on the domestic and not on the export market, thus affecting price
comparability. In this respect, it should be noted that the income tax constitutes a
charge levied on the company's profit, if any, and as such it is calculated retroactively
at the end of each financial year. It cannot, therefore, be taken into account when the
the company did not provide any evidence
price is established.
demonstrating that the tax was included in the domestic invoices. This request was
therefore rejected.

In addition,

1.4.

Dumping margin

(24)

The comparison of the revised, where appropriate, weighted average normal value
with the weighted average export price by product type on an ex-factory basis showed
the existence of dumping for all investigated exporting producers. Since the level of
co-operation was high, the dumping margin for all other companies is set at the level
of the highest dumping margin established for a co-operating exporting producer.

(25)

The definitive dumping margins as a percentage of the CIF import price duty unpaid
are as follows:

Indian Organic Chemicals Limited,
Mumbai

JCT Limited, New Delhi

Reliance Industries Ltd, Mumbai

All other companies

23,3
%

32,6
%

35,4
%

35,4
%

2.

The Republic of Korea

2.1.

Normal value

(26)

(27)

Following the adoption of provisional measures, three exporting producers argued that
the exclusion of "local export" sales from the domestic sales listings used to establish
normal value was wrong or unreasonable.

They argued that the exclusion was in contradiction with the provisions of Article 2 of
the basic Regulation and with the Commission’s normal practice and that it was
inconsistent with the approach adopted by other WTO member countries. Two of
these exporting producers also argued that the Commission did not explain the legal
basis on which these sales were excluded.

7

(28)

(29)

The exporting producers further indicated that in previous proceedings concerning the
Republic of Korea (e.g. PSF expiry review5 and stainless steel wires6),
the
Commission had not objected to the exporting producers' categorisation of "local
export" sales within the domestic sales listing and in one cited instance had requested
their inclusion in the domestic sales listing.

It is considered that the specific administrative arrangements applicable to the "local
export" sales, whereby they were not subject to domestic sales tax, were normally
invoiced in USD and paid for by letters of credit and were subject to duty drawback
arrangements, evidenced the fact that these sales were made through a specific export
oriented sales channel with a particular market situation. The exporting producers
concerned specifically identified these sales in their accounting records as being
destined for incorporation in products for export. Given their particular market
situation, it was concluded that such "local export" sales were not made in the ordinary
course of trade and therefore, that their inclusion in the normal value calculations
would not permit a proper and fair comparison with the export price in accordance
with Article 2 of the basic Regulation. The Commission does not accept that the past
practice has been to expressly include such sales in the normal value calculations.
Their inclusion in previous proceedings may reflect
they were not
specifically identified or that their inclusion was not considered to have a significant
impact on the results. In this case however, for the reasons given above, "local export"
sales have been excluded from the domestic sales listing used to establish normal
value.

the fact

that

(30) One exporting producer argued that certain raw materials were purchased from a
related supplier at an arm’s length price, and therefore, the Commission was not
justified in determining a higher market value purchase price and increasing the cost
of production accordingly. They further argued that in any case the adjustment was
excessive as it did not take account of technical and price differences between the raw
material principally purchased from the related supplier and a similar raw material
purchased from other suppliers.

(31)

It was found that the relationship with the supplier was such that the exporting
producer would be in a position to exercise significant influence on the purchase price.
Furthermore, as the average price for the raw material purchased from the related
supplier was significantly lower than the average price of the same raw material
purchased from unrelated suppliers and as the purchase price appeared to be at a loss
for the supplier, the raw material prices were considered to be unreliable transfer
prices. In these circumstances, the calculation methodology in determining an arm's
length purchase price by increasing the price of the raw materials purchased from the
related supplier in proportion to the weighted average difference in purchase price of
the raw material which was purchased from the related supplier and from unrelated
suppliers has been maintained.

(32) One exporting producer argued that the normal value for one product type should have
been based on domestic price rather than constructed value. This argument was
accepted as it was found that sales of this product type were made in representative

5

6

Council Regulation (EC) No 1728/1999, OJ L 204, 4.8.1999, p.3
Council Regulation (EC) No 1600/1999, OJ L 189, 22.7.1999, p.19 and p.50

8

quantities and were nearly all profitable. The calculations were therefore adjusted
accordingly.

(33) One exporting producer argued that the Commission incorrectly rejected the net
foreign exchange gain included in the selling, general and administrative expenses,
used in determining the full cost of production, for use in establishing constructed
normal value and in the ordinary course of trade test. It argued further that this should
be reconsidered because part of the foreign currency translation gain was realised and
furthermore, that a turnover basis was the most appropriate basis for the allocation of
the net foreign exchange gain to different markets.

(34)

It was found that the exchange gain related mainly to translation gains on the re-
statement of long-term foreign currency liabilities, rather than pertaining to production
and sales in the ordinary course of trade in the domestic market during the
investigation period (1 October 1998 to 30 September 1999 "IP"). Since such
exchange gains or losses are not taken into account in anti-dumping investigations,
whether realised or not, the argument was rejected.

2.2.

Export price

(35) One exporting producer argued that its related company in the Community only had a
minor role in the sales process for sales to unrelated customers in the Community and
therefore, it was not justifiable to deduct profit in constructing the export price. It also
argued that there was no basis for establishing the level of the profit margin used. In
accordance with Article 2(9) of the basic Regulation, the items for which adjustment
should be made in order to construct the export price include a reasonable margin of
profit. It is considered that the profit deducted in order to construct the export price
was reasonable, as compared to information available from co-operating independent
importers. The claim is, therefore, rejected.

(36) No other claims were made concerning the determination of the export price.
Therefore, the conclusions set out in recital (54) of the provisional Regulation are
hereby confirmed.

2.3.

Comparison

(37) One exporting producer argued that

they had mistakenly included the same
adjustments, concerning credit costs, in different columns of the export sales listing
and therefore, the Commission was double counting the deductions in establishing the
export price for a fair comparison with the normal value. The credit costs reported by
the company in the response to the questionnaire in relation to the payment terms
agreed in each transaction were examined and this claim was accepted where justified.

(38) One exporting producer argued that

the basis of the Commission’s calculation
underestimated the amount of duty drawback, as it was based on duty paid on imports
of raw materials physically incorporated in the like product rather than duty drawback
received on exports of the product concerned to the Community, during the IP. It
argued further that the Commission’s calculation was unreasonably based on duty paid
during the first eight months of the IP divided by the total import volume for the whole
IP. The first argument was rejected as the amount paid during the IP was lower than
the amount refunded as provided in Article 2(10)(b) of the basic Regulation. However,

9

as requested by the company, the duty drawback per kilogram was recalculated based
on the import volume for the first eight months.

(39) Another exporting producer argued that in calculating the duty drawback allowance
per kilogram, the Commission should have divided the total import duties incorporated
in purchases of certain imported raw materials by the quantity of imported raw
materials only and not by the total quantity of raw materials purchased both locally
and imported. It is considered that the duty drawback allowance to be deducted from
the normal value should be based on the average duty incorporated in the cost of
domestic sales, as the product sold domestically would incorporate raw materials
purchased both domestically and imported. This argument is therefore rejected.

(40)

Two exporting producers argued that the approach followed by the Commission in
rejecting claimed credit cost adjustments under an open account system, because the
payments could not be clearly linked to the invoices, was without
legal basis.
However, it was not possible to verify that payments made under the "open account"
system were made in accordance with any agreed payment
In these
circumstances, there was no reason to assume that contractual payment terms were a
factor taken into account in the determination of the prices charged and therefore, the
claims were rejected.

terms.

2.4.

Dumping margin

(41)

(42)

The comparison of the appropriately revised weighted average normal value with the
weighted average export price by product type on an ex-factory basis showed the
existence of dumping for all investigated exporting producers. Since the level of co-
operation was high, the dumping margin for all other companies is set at the level of
the highest dumping margin established for a co-operating exporting producer.

Following disclosure of the provisional findings, two exporting producers, Samyang
Corporation and SK Chemicals Co. Ltd. informed the Commission that they would
merge their polyester business activities into one jointly-owned company, i.e. Huvis
Corporation. These exporting producers provided additional information with regard
to this change of circumstances on request by the Commission and as a result it was
decided that a single dumping margin should be definitively established for Huvis
Corporation. This dumping margin was therefore, established as the weighted average
of the revised dumping margins of the two exporting producers concerned. The
dumping margin for the related trading company in Korea was set at the same level as
for Huvis Corporation.

(43)

The definitive dumping margins as a percentage of the CIF import price duty unpaid
are as follows:

Daehan Synthetic Fibre Co. Ltd.,
Seoul
Huvis Corporation., Seoul
Saehan Industries Inc., Seoul
SK Global Co. Ltd., Seoul
Sung Lim Co. Ltd., Seoul

All other companies

(de

(de

0,9%
minimis)
4,8%
20,2%
4,8%
0,05%
minimis)
20,2%

10

D.

1.

(44)

(45)

(46)

(47)

INJURY

Procedural issues

It was claimed that by combining both the anti-dumping proceedings concerning the
Republic of Korea and India, it was unfair to establish the same IP for the examination
of possible injurious dumping caused by imports from these countries. With respect to
the latter country, this meant omitting the last three months of 1999 and it was argued
that, given the increase in oil prices, this would have an impact on the results of the
examination of sales price, cost of production and profitability in the injury
investigation.

It should be recalled that, as stated in recital (8) of the provisional Regulation, the
combination of the proceedings regarding India and the Republic of Korea was carried
out for administrative reasons. The determination of the IP is covered by Article 6(1)
of the basic Regulation, which inter alia stipulates that the IP shall normally cover a
period of not less than six months immediately prior to the initiation of the proceeding.
In the case of India, the initiation of the investigation occurred in December 1999.
Thus the period by which the IP could have been shifted was at most two months. It
must also be recalled that imports from both countries can be cumulatively assessed
since the criteria mentioned in Article 3(4) of the basic Regulation have been met (see
recital 65 of the provisional Regulation). Finally, in order to take the underlying
concerns into account, the influence of increased cost of raw materials for 1999 were
analysed and compared to the IP.

The investigation showed that prices of the main raw material used in PSF production,
namely the terephthalic acid (PTA) and the mono ethylene glycol (MEG), increased
both in 1999 and during the IP. It also showed that PSF sales prices in the Community
in 1999 were 2.6% higher than during the IP. Notwithstanding these findings, the
Community industry was shown to be more profitable during the IP than in 1999.

Some exporting producers claimed that
the Commission had not verified the
information submitted by the Community industry. In this respect, it is confirmed that
substantial parts of the information submitted by the Community industry had already
been verified during a related anti-dumping proceeding. All other information received
from the Community industry has been examined for accuracy in accordance with
Article 6(8) of the basic Regulation.

2.

Definition of the Community industry

(48) Recital (63) of the provisional Regulation stated that the two Community producers
related to Indonesian exporting producers were not found to be shielded from the
effect of dumping, or to be unduly benefiting from dumping practices, or even
participating in dumping practices. In this respect some exporting producers claimed
that the two companies should be excluded from the assessment of the situation of the
Community industry, by reference to other anti-dumping cases, namely magnetic
disks7 and microwave ovens8.

7

8

Council Regulation (EC) No 534/94 and No 2426/95
Council Regulation (EC) No 1645/95

11

(49)

It is to be noted that any exclusion of Community producers from the definition of
Community industry may only be warranted on the basis of the facts of each case. In
this case no arguments were put forward regarding the facts of the case and no
evidence was submitted to substantiate the claim for an exclusion of the two
producers. On this basis, the above request is not founded and is therefore rejected.

(50) An additional request was made by some exporting producers to exclude another
Community producer from the definition of the Community industry, given its
relationship with an importer located outside the Community, although not in one of
the countries concerned. It was alleged that the Community producer caused injury to
the Community industry by importing PSF from its related importer.

(51)

Firstly, the Commission found no evidence of imports of PSF from this importer over
the period considered, namely from 1996 up to the IP. In addition, the fact that a
Community producer is related to an importer located outside the Community cannot
as such be a reason to exclude this producer from the definition of the Community
industry. Given that no other arguments were put forward, the definition of the
Community industry as contained in recital (60) of the provisional Regulation is
confirmed.

3.

Imports of PSF into the Community from the countries concerned

3.1.

Cumulative assessment of imports

(52)

(53)

(54)

Two Indian exporting producers claimed that a cumulative assessment of imports was
unjustified because the growth as well as the absolute volume of Indian imports was
insignificant when compared to Korean imports and to the sales volume of the
Community industry. Also it was argued that the Indian exporting producers had to be
considered as price followers and not as price leaders. Furthermore, on the basis of
Eurostat data, Indian imports were lower than stated in the provisional Regulation.

These arguments were analysed in the light of the provisions of Article 3(4) of the
basic Regulation. In this respect, it is recalled that the margin of dumping found for
India is above the de minimis level. In addition, the volume of imports originating in
India is not negligible, being above de minimis level during the IP.

In fact, the growth of imports over the period 1996-IP is even more pronounced for
Indian imports (around 600% increase) than for Korean imports (around 300%
increase). As to the average price level of Indian imports, this was consistently below
that of the Korean exporting producers prices and it declined more sharply over the
period 1996-IP. This does not suggest a behaviour of price followers. Finally, as
concerns the discrepancy between Eurostat
the
findings on verified
Commission,
questionnaire replies given that higher imports were reported than those recorded in
the Eurostat statistics. The claims of the Indian exporting producers are therefore
rejected.

the Community institutions have based their

figures and the findings of

3.2.

Imports from the Republic of Korea

(55) An exporting producer claimed that certain non-dumped imports originating in the

Republic of Korea should be excluded from the injury analysis.

12

(56)

In this respect, when the country-wide dumping margin (representing a weighted
average margin including all the companies under investigation) has been found to be
above the de minimis level, in accordance with Article 9(3) of the basic Regulation, it
is the practice of the Commission to assess the effects of the dumped imports on a
country-wide level.

3.3.

Price undercutting and underselling

(57) An exporting producer claimed that the calculation of injury margins based on families
grouping various types of PSF was unjustified, given that further information on the
characteristics of individual types of PSF was asked for in the questionnaires. He also
claimed that the details of individual transactions were ignored, and that it was wrong
the
to exclude negative undercutting/underselling from the overall
calculations.

result of

(58) On reexamination of the differences attributed to characteristics such as length,
thickness, elongation, tenacity, crimp, shrinkage, lustre and spin finish, it is concluded
that the product types within the defined families were sufficiently comparable. On
this basis, it is confirmed that the undercutting and underselling exercises at the level
of product families are meaningful. In addition, they provide a representative result in
terms of number of transactions as foreseen by Article 3(3) of the basic Regulation.
Furthermore, it is considered that the information per transaction was indeed taken
into account in the price comparison exercises. However, it is confirmed that no
compensation was made for the amount which did not undercut/undersell Community
industry prices in the final comparison at the level of product families. Since no
further arguments were put forward, the above claims were rejected.

(59) An exporting producer requested that an adjustment should be applied to its CIF prices
in the undercutting and underselling calculations because such adjustment was
indicated in the complaint.

(60)

In this respect, it should be recalled that the Commission collected information by
means of questionnaires and verified it by means of on-site inspection and it did not
base itself on the figures mentioned in the complaint.

it was found that

However,
the customs duty was erroneously omitted in the
underselling calculations regarding two Indian exporting producers. At the same time
a request for changing the weighing method and a specific level of trade adjustment
the underselling margins for the two Indian
were also accepted. Consequently,
exporting producers were revised accordingly.

(61)

the undercutting calculations,

The results of
the lowered
undercutting found for another Indian exporting producer mentioned in recital (75) ,
range between 0% and 27,7% for India and remain between 14,8% and 56,7% for the
Republic of Korea. The weighted average undercutting margin was 19,9% for India
and 23,3% for the Republic of Korea.

taking into account

4.

Economic situation of the Community industry

4.1.

General

(62)

It was claimed by some exporting producers that, pursuant to the provisions of Article
3.4. of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, the examination of the economic situation

13

of the Community industry required an assessment of all relevant economic factors
and indices having a bearing on the state of that industry.

(63)

This examination would include factors not commented upon in the provisional
Regulation such as the impact of the magnitude of the margin of dumping,
productivity, return on investment, cash flow, wages, growth and the ability to raise
capital. In this respect, the following has been found.

4.1.1.

The impact of the magnitude of the margin of dumping

(64) As concerns the impact on the Community industry of the magnitude of the actual
margin of dumping, given the volume and the prices of the imports from the countries
concerned, this impact cannot be considered to be negligible.

4.1.2.

Productivity

(65)

The productivity of the Community industry, calculated as the production of the
product concerned per employee, shows an improvement from 92,1 tonnes in 1996 to
127,1 tonnes during the IP (+38%). This improvement is mainly a consequence of the
decline in employment described in recital (85) of the provisional Regulation.

4.1.3. Return on Investment

(66) Return on investment was calculated by relating the net profit before taxes and extra-
ordinary items to the net book-value of investments related to the product concerned.
The return on investment for the product concerned increased from 4,6% in 1996 to
16,7% in 1997 and 25,7% in 1998. Subsequently, it fell back to 5,5% during the IP.
The evolution of this indicator is similar to the evolution of profitability described in
recitals (81) to (83) of the provisional Regulation.

4.1.4. Cash flow

(67)

The cash flow of the Community industry for the product concerned increased
considerably from 1996 to 1997 (+84%) and from 1997 to 1998 (+28%) as a
consequence of the good results of these two years. From 1998 to the IP, cash flow
dropped by 60% to arrive at a level that was 6% lower than in 1996. The improvement
of cash flow in 1997 and 1998 is less pronounced than that of profitability. Moreover,
for the IP, the cash flow is lower than in 1996, whereas net profit and profitability are
higher.

4.1.5. Wages

(68) Wages form a part of the analysis of the cost of production as described in recitals (79)
and (80) of the provisional Regulation. The Community industry’s wages increased by
10% from 1996 to 1997, but significantly decreased from 1997 to 1998 and the IP,
where the absolute level of wages was 24% and 23% respectively lower than in 1996.

4.1.6. Growth

(69)

The growth of the market of the product concerned was commented upon in recital
(64) of the provisional Regulation. The (negative) growth of the market share of the
Community industry was mentioned in recital (76) of the provisional Regulation.

14

4.1.7. Ability to raise capital

(70) As far as the ability to raise capital is concerned, present cash flow is on average
considered as being still sufficient to make the necessary replacement investments.
The depressed situation of the market however has negatively affected the ability of
the Community industry to attract additional external funding in the form of bank
loans or increased involvement of shareholders for the initiation of new projects.
Especially when other products are manufactured,
the comparison of return on
investment of PSF with that of those other products is unfavourable, causing
difficulties in allocating budgets to the product concerned.

4.1.8. Conclusion

(71)

It is considered that in the provisional Regulation, all factors and indices which were
decisive for a meaningful analysis of the state of the Community industry were
analysed. The description of the indicators not commented upon in the provisional
Regulation as presented under recitals (65) to (70) here above, indeed reinforces the
conclusions mentioned in the provisional Regulation.

4.1.9.

Stocks

(72) An exporting producer argued that the comparison made by the Commission in recital
(77) of the provisional Regulation concerning the level of stocks at the end of 1998
and at the end of 1999 was irregular and in contravention of the basic Regulation. It
was claimed that comparing the stocks at the end of the month of September (1999)
with those at year-end (1998) was the only valid, unbiased and objective method to
analyse the evolution of PSF stocks.

(73)

In this respect, attention is drawn to the seasonal nature of stockbuilding in the PSF
industry. Indeed, stock levels fluctuate during the calendar year and, consequently, a
comparison of stock levels between 1998 and the IP only makes sense if
corresponding points in time during the year are considered. Therefore, the stock level
at the end of 1998 (31 December) cannot be compared to the one at the end of the IP
(30 September).

4.2.

Cost of production

(74) An exporting producer submitted that the cost of production for one Community
industry producer was too high in comparison with the other producers in order to be
used in determining the underselling margin.

(75)

The costs attributed to the product concerned by each company were verified by the
Commission. As a result, no reasons were found to exclude any company from the
underselling calculation on the basis of the absolute level of its cost of production.

(76) Another exporting producer claimed that a producer that produces PSF from dimethyl
terephthalate (DMT) and MEG instead of PTA and MEG should be excluded because
this allegedly does not represent the cheapest production method.

(77) On the basis of the reasoning set out in recital (75) above, neither the production
process as such nor the cost of production pertaining to it can constitute criteria on the
basis of which companies should be eliminated from the scope of the investigation.

15

4.3.

Conclusion

(78) Based on the foregoing, it is considered that the above arguments and claims are not
such as to change the findings made in the provisional Regulation. Consequently, the
contents of recitals (86) to (90) of the provisional Regulation and the conclusion that
the Community industry suffered material injury during the IP are hereby confirmed.

E.

1.

CAUSATION

Effect of dumped imports

(79) An exporting producer claimed that the only factor that explained the low profitability
of the Community industry during the IP was raw material prices and not the effect of
dumped imports. It was also claimed that
in the Community
industry's profitability from 2,30% to 3,38% over the period 1996-IP excluded injury
caused by dumped imports over this period.

the improvement

(80)

It is to be noted that the presence of dumped imports exercised a downward pressure
on the sales prices prevailing in the Community market, thereby prohibiting sales
prices to correctly reflect increases in raw material prices.

(81) As to the low increase in profitability from 1996 to the IP, the investigation has shown
that the improvement of profitability was mainly the result of the restructuring process
undertaken by the Community industry. This also included the reduction in selling,
general and administrative costs.

(82) As indicated in recital (87) of the provisional Regulation regarding the conclusions on
the economic situation of the Community industry, the low profitability achieved by
the industry could not be considered satisfactory. On the contrary,
it must be
considered to be unduly low as a consequence of the price-suppressive effects of the
dumped imports. Additional negative indicators were the decrease in sales volume, the
loss of market share, the reduction of production capacity and employment, and the
increase of stock levels.

(83) Based on the foregoing the conclusion as set out in recital (87) of the provisional

Regulation is hereby confirmed.

(84)

(85)

It was further claimed by an exporting producer that any injury suffered by the
Community industry could not have been caused by imports from the Republic of
Korea given that anti-dumping measures were already in place for most of the period
from January 1996 to the end of the IP. Definitive anti-dumping measures imposed on
imports of PSF originating in the Republic of Korea were repealed in August 19999.

It must be recalled that the measures imposed on imports of PSF originating in the
Republic of Korea were repealed because it was considered there was no likelihood of
recurrence of dumping following the findings of an expiry review, the investigation
period of which covered from 1 January 1996 to 30 September 1997. During the IP of
the current proceeding however, dumping was established and the above argument is
therefore not valid.

9

Council Regulation (EC) No 1728/99

16

2.

Other imports

(86) An exporting producer claimed that the Commission should also have examined

possible effects of imports from Poland, Turkey and the Czech Republic.

the countries under

(87) On the basis of Eurostat information it was determined that the price levels at which
these imports entered the Community were significantly higher than the import prices
of
investigation (from 12,3% to 30,5% during the IP).
Consequently there was no reason to classify these imports within the same import
price range as the one for the countries under investigation nor to consider that any
injury which may have been caused by them was such as to break the causal link
between the injury found to be suffered and the dumping by exporting producers in the
countries concerned.

3.

Conclusion

(88) Given the above, the conclusion that the dumped imports have caused material injury
to the Community industry, as stated in recital (102) of the provisional Regulation, is
hereby confirmed.

F.

1.

(89)

COMMUNITY INTEREST

Interest of the Community industry

Since no comments were received in this respect, the findings on the interest of the
Community industry cited in recitals (104) to (106) of the provisional Regulation are
hereby confirmed.

2.

Impact on importers and users

(90)

(91)

It was claimed by a users’ association and also, separately, by a user, member of this
association, that certain PSF types were not on offer from Community producers and
that consequently, users were forced to source outside the Community. Another user
claimed that the Community producers could not satisfy the Community demand.

The investigation has established that although certain types of PSF were not produced
by the Community industry during certain periods, this does not mean that
the
Community industry would not be in a position to produce those types. Indeed, only
small adaptations, such as changing of a spinerette and omission or addition of an
additive, requiring low investment, would be needed. Rather, at particular moments in
time, certain PSF types were not available because the Community producers could
not deliver the quantities involved at the depressed price levels which users were
willing to pay.

(92) As concerns Community consumption, given the level of the duties proposed, imports
from the countries concerned will continue to be able to enter the Community market
albeit at non-dumped prices. As concerns the prices of the Community industry,
although these are likely to increase, this increase should be limited given that imports
from other third countries also exist. In view of the above the impact of the anti-
dumping measures will not endanger sufficient choice and supply to the Community
users.

17

(93) Clarification has been requested for recital (109) of the provisional Regulation,
mentioning that the proposed measures may have the impact of increasing the cost of
production of users by 0,6% to 1,2%.

(94) On the basis of information received by the few cooperating Community users, it was
found that the impact of anti-dumping measures on PSF originating in India and the
Republic of Korea on their cost of production would range from 0,6% to 1,2%. This
finding was arrived at by taking into account the importance of PSF in the cost of
the average anti-dumping duty
production of
provisionally imposed on imports from the Republic of Korea and India and the
market share of Korean and Indian imports compared to Community consumption
during the IP.

finished products,

these users'

(95)

(96)

It is clear that the situation in which a particular user finds itself is dependent on the
degree to which it imports from the countries and exporting producers concerned, and
on its own cost structure. The average impact quoted therefore depicts a company with
a representative average behaviour of alternative sourcing, of which the Republic of
Korea and India account for 14,7%.

Following the publication of the provisional Regulation, a number of Community
users claimed that the imposition of anti-dumping duties would have negative effects
on their competitiveness in the downstream products' markets and would ultimately
endanger their survival. In their opinion, the imposition of anti-dumping duties would
trigger price increases which users would need to reflect in their downstream products’
prices. This development would in turn cause an increase in imports of lower-priced
downstream products from other third countries and from the countries concerned by
this investigation and would oblige certain Community producers of downstream end-
products incorporating PSF to relocate their production outside the Community.

(97) However, the analysis of the maximum average impact of the proposed measures on
users indicates that the imposition of anti-dumping measures is not likely to cause a
significant increase in the import of cheap downstream products into the Community.
This conclusion is also reached in the absence of any evidence from the users
concerned substantiating their claim, and indeed such effects were not in evidence
during the period of validity of past measures concerning PSF. Moreover, it should be
noted that woven finished products (such as used in clothing and household furniture)
fall under the quantitative restrictions of the textiles quota system.

(98) As the examination of the above arguments submitted by the user companies does not
lead to new conclusions,
the considerations of recitals (109) and (111) of the
provisional Regulation on the likely impact of the proposed measures on the users is
hereby confirmed.

3.

Conclusion

(99)

The new arguments received regarding the determination of the Community interest,
are not considered to be such as to reverse the conclusion that no compelling reasons
exist against the imposition of anti-dumping measures. The provisional findings are
therefore confirmed.

18

G.

DEFINITIVE DUTY

(100)

In view of the conclusions reached regarding dumping,
injury, causation and
Community interest, it is considered that definitive anti-dumping measures should be
imposed in order to prevent further injury being caused to the Community industry by
dumped imports from India and the Republic of Korea.

1.

Injury elimination level

(101) As explained in recital (116) of the provisional Regulation, a non-injurious level of
prices was determined which would cover the Community industry's full cost of
production and a reasonable profit which would be obtained in the absence of dumped
imports from the countries concerned.

(102) Some exporting producers argued that 6% should be used as a reasonable profit,
referring to cases on PSF and polyester textured filament yarn (PTY) preceding the
investigation against Australia et.al.. However, in this latter proceeding, the reasonable
profit had been determined at a level of 10%, as was also the case for the current
investigation. Other exporting producers argued that the reasonable profit should even
be lower, such as 4%, since the overall profitability of the Community industry was
better now than at the time of those former proceedings10.

(103)

It should be noted that the Commission indicated in recital (116) of the provisional
Regulation that a margin of 10% should be considered as the level of profit that could
have been achieved in the absence of dumped imports.

(104) The level of profit that is considered reasonable is determined on the basis of what the
Community industry would be likely to obtain in the absence of injurious dumping. As
the IP of previous investigations were different and the price depressive effects of
dumping established in those cases, were of a different order, there is no reason to
suppose that the Community industry would have achieved the same level of profit.
Consequently, previous levels of profit are not necessarily appropriate in the present
case. In this respect, reference is furthermore made to the reasoning as contained in
recital (117) of the provisional Regulation.

(105) Consequently, based on the foregoing, the conclusions as contained in recital (117) of

the provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed.

10

Council Regulations (EC) No 1490/96 (PSF from Belarus) and (EC) No 2160/96 (PTY from Indonesia
and Thailand).

19

2.

Form and level of the duty

(106)

In accordance with Article 9(4) of the basic Regulation, the following anti-dumping
duty rates correspond to the dumping margins when these are found to be lower than
the injury margins. This is the case for all but one company.

Country

Company

Rate of duty

India

Indian Organic Chemicals Limited,

The
Republic
of Korea

JCT Limited,

All other companies

Daehan Synthetic Fibre Co. Ltd,

Huvis Corporation.,

SK Global Co. Ltd,

Sung Lim Co. Ltd,

All other companies

14,7%

32,6%

35,4%

0%

4,8%

4,8%

0%

20,2%

(107) The individual company anti-dumping duty rates were established on the basis of the
findings of the present investigation. Therefore, they reflect the situation found during
that investigation with respect to these companies. These duty rates (as opposed to the
country-wide duty applicable to “all other companies”) are thus exclusively applicable
to imports of products originating in the country concerned and produced by the
companies and thus by the specific legal entities mentioned. Imported products
produced by any other company not specifically mentioned in the operative part of any
Regulation with its name and address, including entities related to those specifically
mentioned, cannot benefit from these rates and shall be subject to the duty rate
applicable to “all other companies”.

(108) Any claim requesting the application of these individual company anti-dumping duty
rates (e.g. following a change in the name of the entity or following the setting up of
new production or sales entities) should be addressed to the Commission11 forthwith
with all relevant information, in particular any modification in the company's activities
linked to production, domestic and export sales associated with e.g. that name change
or that change in the production and sales entities. The Commission, if appropriate,
will, after consultation of the Advisory Committee, amend any Regulation accordingly
by updating the list of companies benefiting from individual duty rates.

11

European Commission, Directorate-General Trade, Directorate B, TERV - 0/13, Rue de la
Loi/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Brussels / Belgium

20

H.

COLLECTION OF THE PROVISIONAL DUTY

(109)

In view of the magnitude of the dumping margins found for the exporting producers,
and in light of the seriousness of the injury caused to the Community industry, it is
considered necessary that the amounts secured by way of provisional anti-dumping
duty under Regulation (EC) No 124/2000 be definitively collected to the extent of the
amount of definitive duties imposed if this amount is equal or lower than the amount
of the provisional duty. Otherwise, only the amount of the provisional duty should be
definitively collected. Amounts secured in excess of the rate of the definitive anti-
dumping duty shall be released.

(110) Following the merger of the polyester business activities of Samyang Corporation and
SK Chemicals Co. Ltd. into one jointly owned company i.e. Huvis Corporation,
definitive collection of provisionally imposed duties should be made for these
companies with reference to the definitively imposed duty for Huvis Corporation.

I.

UNDERTAKING

(111) Subsequent to the imposition of provisional anti-dumping measures, one exporting
producer in India offered a price undertaking in accordance with Article 8(1) of the
basic Regulation.

(112) The Commission considers that

the undertaking offered by Reliance Industries
Limited can be accepted since it eliminates the injurious effect of the dumping.
Moreover, the regular and detailed reports which the company undertook to provide to
the Commission will allow effective monitoring and the structure of the company is
such that the Commission considers that the risk of circumvention of the undertaking
is minimised.

In order to ensure the effective respect and monitoring of the undertaking, when the
to the undertaking is presented,
request for release for free circulation pursuant
exemption from the duty is conditional upon presentation of a commercial invoice
containing the information listed in the Annex which is necessary for customs to
ascertain that shipments correspond to the commercial document at the required level
of detail. Where no such invoice is presented, or when it does not correspond to the
product presented to customs, the appropriate rate of anti-dumping duty should be
payable.

(113)

In the event of a suspected breach, breach or withdrawal of the undertaking an anti-
dumping duty may be imposed, pursuant to Articles 8(9) and (10) of the basic
Regulation.

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

1.

2.

A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of synthetic staple
fibres of polyesters, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning, falling
within CN code 5503 20 00 and originating in India and the Republic of Korea.

The rate of the definitive duty applicable to the net free-at-Community-frontier price,
before duty, for products produced by the companies indicated shall be as follows:

21

Country

Company

India

Indian Organic Chemicals Limited,
Bhupati Chambers
3rd floor, 13 Mathew Road,
Mumbai – 400 004, India
JCT Limited,
Thapar House, 124 Janpath,
New Delhi – 110 001, India

The
Republic
of Korea

All other companies
Daehan Synthetic Fibre Co. Ltd,
162-1 Changchoong-dong
Chung-gu,
Seoul, Korea
Huvis Corporation.,
77-1 Garak-dong,
Songpaku,
Seoul, Korea
SK Global Co. Ltd,
36-1, 2Ga, Ulchiro,
Chung-Gu
Seoul, Korea
Sung Lim Co. Ltd,
Rum 502, Shinhan Building
Youido-Dong,
Youngdungpo-Ku
Seoul, Korea
All other companies

Rate of
duty

TARIC
additional code

14,7%

A148

32,6%

A149

35,4%
0%

A999
A150

4,8%

A151

4,8%

A153

0%

A154

20,2%

A999

3.

4.

1.

Notwithstanding Article 1(1), the definitive duty shall not apply to imports released
for free circulation in accordance with the provisions of Article 2.

Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall
apply.

Article 2

Goods produced by the following company and imported in accordance with
paragraph 2 shall be exempted from the duty in Article 1:

Company

Country

Reliance Industries Limited,
Maker Chamber IV, 3rd Floor
222, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021

India

TARIC Additional
Code
A212

22

2.

3.

Imports declared under TARIC additional code A212 shall be exempt from the anti-
dumping duties imposed by Article 1 if they are produced and directly exported (i.e.
invoiced and shipped) to a company acting as an importer in the Community by the
company mentioned in paragraph 1, provided that the commercial invoice presented
to the relevant customs authorities at the same time as the request for free circulation
contains the information listed in the Annex.

Exemption from the duties shall further be conditional on the goods declared and
presented to customs corresponding precisely to the description on the commercial
invoice.

Article 3

1. The amounts secured by way of the provisional anti-dumping duty on imports originating
in India and the Republic of Korea under Regulation (EC) No 1472/2000 shall be
collected at the rate of the duty definitively imposed by this Regulation. Amounts secured
in excess of the rate of definitive anti-dumping duty shall be released. In cases where the
rate of the definitive duty imposed is higher than the rate of the provisional duty, only the
amounts secured at the level of the provisional duty should be definitively collected.

2. With regard to Samyang Corporation and SK Chemicals Co. Ltd., the amounts secured
by way of the provisional anti-dumping duty shall be collected at the level of the duty
definitively imposed by this Regulation on Huvis Corporation. Amounts secured in
excess of the rate of the definitive duty imposed on Huvis Corporation should be
released.

Article 4

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official
Journal of the European Communities.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels,

For the Council
The President

23

ANNEX:

Necessary information for the commercial invoices accompanying sales
made subject to an undertaking

Elements to be indicated in the commercial Invoice referred to in Article 2(2):

1.

2.

3.

The invoice number

The TARIC additional code under which the goods on the invoice may be customs-
cleared at Community borders (as specified in the Regulation),

The exact description of the goods, including:

– the product reporting code number (PRC) (as established in the undertaking

offered by the producing exporter in question).

– CN code,

– quantity (to be given in kgs),

4.

The description of the terms of the sale, including:

– price per kg,

– the applicable payment terms,

– the applicable delivery terms,

– total discounts and rebates.

5.

6

Name of the company acting as an importer to which the invoice is issued directly by
the company.

The name of the official of the company that has issued the undertaking invoice and
the following signed declaration:

“I, the undersigned, certify that the sale for direct export to the European Community of the
goods covered by this invoice is being made within the scope and under the terms of the
undertaking offered by . . . [company], and accepted by the European Commission through
Regulation (EC) No XXX/2000 or Decision C(2000)XXX. I declare that the information
provided in this invoice is complete and correct.”

24