Proposal for a Council Regulation imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of glycine originating in the People's Republic of China and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed
Date: 2000-10-18
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: China, anti-dumping duty, floriculture, import, originating product

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 18.10.2000
COM(2000) 654 final

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of glycine originating in the People's
Republic of China and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed

(presented by the Commission)

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

On 19 May 2000, by Regulation (EC) No 1043/2000, the Commission imposed provisional
anti-dumping measures on imports of glycine originating in the People's Republic of China in
the form of a specific duty of 910

per tonne.

€

Subsequently, certain Chinese producers submitted several claims regarding the product
concerned, the determination of normal value and the findings made with respect to non-
cooperating Chinese exporters which in turn affected the single country-wide dumping
margin. These claims were rejected and the provisional findings regarding the product
concerned and dumping were confirmed.

No claim was submitted that brought new evidence regarding the injury suffered by the
Community industry and the causal link between this injury and the dumped imports,
therefore it is definitively concluded that the Community industry has suffered material injury
caused by dumped imports.

Regarding the Community interest, one supplier of the Community industry made the point
that its profitability would be severely affected if the Community industry was to cease
producing glycine since it was an important customer. No other information was submitted
that changed the Commission's provisional findings that on one hand the impact of measures
on users would be limited, whereas on the other hand, if measures were not imposed, the
Community industry would have to cease producing glycine. It was therefore definitively
concluded that there were no compelling reasons not to impose measures.

In view of the final conclusion of the investigation, definitive measures should be imposed as
a specific duty rate of 910
/tonne, i.e. as in the provisional Regulation. Amounts secured at
the provisional stage should be definitively collected.

€

2

Proposal for a

COUNCIL REGULATION

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of glycine originating in the People's
Republic of China and collecting definitively the provisional duty imposed

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 of 22 December 1995 on protection
against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community1 and in
particular Article 9 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal submitted by the Commission after consulting the Advisory
Committee,

Whereas:

A. PROCEDURE

Provisional measures

The Commission, by Regulation (EC) No 1043/20002, (“provisional Regulation”),
imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports into the Community of glycine
originating in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) falling within CN code 2922 49
10. The complaint was lodged by the sole Community producer (Tessenderlo Chemie)
which constitutes the Community industry.

Subsequent procedure

Following the imposition of the provisional anti-dumping duty,
interested parties
received disclosure. In accordance with the provisions of Article 6(5) of Regulation
(EC) No 384/96 (the “basic Regulation”), the parties which so requested were granted
an opportunity to be heard by the Commission. They also made written submissions
making their views known on the provisional findings. All comments made within the
that purpose were evaluated and taken into account where
deadlines set
appropriate.

for

The Commission continued to seek and verify all information deemed necessary for
the definitive findings. Having reviewed the provisional findings on the basis of the
information gathered since then, it is concluded that the findings as set out in the
provisional Regulation should be confirmed.

OJ L 56, 6.3.1996, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 905/98 (OJ L 128,
30.4.1998, p. 18).
OJ L 118, 19.5.2000, p. 6.

1.

(1)

2.

(2)

(3)

1

2

3

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

B. THE PRODUCT CONCERNED AND LIKE PRODUCT

Recital (8) of the provisional Regulation described the product concerned glycine
(amino acetic acid) as follows: glycine is produced in varying levels of purity and is
used as a taste enhancer, a buffering agent, a chemical intermediate and a metal
complexing agent. There are basically two grades of glycine, depending on the purity:
the pharmaceutical or medical grade, and the regular grade. The regular grade can be
sold, mainly for marketing purposes, under a variety of names such as technical,
industry, food, feed grade, etc. Glycine is obtained by chemical
normal, pure,
synthesis, using either
ii)
monochloroacetic acid (MCCA) and ammonia.

i) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and formaldehyde or

After the publication of the provisional Regulation, certain Chinese companies
reiterated their claim that the two grades, pharmaceutical and regular, should be
considered as separate products, and, that glycine used for human and animal food
(feed/food) should also be treated as a separate product and not considered together
with the regular grade. They based their claim on the arguments that the three grades
undergo different production processes and that
they have different uses. They
the production of the pharmaceutical grade requires additional
emphasised that
its
sophisticated analytical devices to perform the specific testing needed for
certification. However, they submitted contradicting arguments, claiming on one hand
that the pharmaceutical grade could not be a substitute for feed/food grade and on the
other hand that Chinese pharmaceutical grade was sold on the Community market
exclusively to the food and feed industry.

This claim was rejected because the fact that different production processes are used
for the production of different types is not in itself relevant for the definition of the
product concerned. In addition, it was found that all grades of glycine are produced by
using exactly the same process and that the testing of the purity (all grades) and the
conformity assessment
is only carried out once the
manufacturing process is finished. The testing and analysing are, therefore, ancillary
activities which are performed prior
the
manufacturing process. More importantly, however, these activities do not change the
basic physical and chemical characteristics of the product under consideration. In
addition, there is clearly a one way interchangeability of the different product types
and, therefore, any clearly delineated markets for the different types of products could
not be established.

(pharmaceutical grade)

than forming part of

to sale rather

On the basis of the above, the provisional findings (see recital (8) of the provisional
Regulation) are confirmed namely that the two grades of glycine identified from the
start,
i.e. pharmaceutical and regular covering all other types/designations, are
considered to be a single product since they share the same basic chemical and
physical characteristics. The conclusions of the provisional Regulation on the product
concerned and the like product, as laid out in recital (9) therein are also confirmed.
These conclusions are in line with the findings reached for the same product in the
previous anti-dumping investigation.3

3

Council Regulation (EEC) No 2322/85, OJ L 218 of 15.8.1985 imposing definitive anti-dumping duties
on imports of glycine originating in Japan.

4

C. DUMPING

1.

Normal value

Market economy treatment

(8)

The determination concerning market economy treatment as described in recitals (10)
to (15) of the provisional Regulation is confirmed.

Determination of normal value

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

The Chinese companies alleged that the fact that the Hungarian producer (Hungary
having been chosen as analogue country) had closed its glycine production plant in
1998 and opened a new one in 1999 had caused abnormally high domestic prices.

This allegation could not be accepted because, as described in recital (17) of the
provisional Regulation, Hungary was an open market where glycine was imported as
well as exported. As such, prices are determined under normal conditions of
competition. Since the weighted average prices of the Hungarian producer met the
ordinary course of trade test (see recital (18) of the provisional Regulation) they were
retained as normal values.

The same companies alleged that the ordinary course of trade test was not reliable
because the Hungarian producer reported that its profitability was affected as a result
of the closure of the old and the opening of the new glycine plant, as this had
temporarily increased costs and lowered profits. This claim is irrelevant because
normal value was based on prices. The application of the ordinary course of trade test
did not lead to the elimination of sales transactions by reason of a lack of profitability.

The same companies also alleged that the domestic sales were not representative
because they were subsequently exported by the domestic customers of the Hungarian
producer. This claim was rejected. In fact, this matter was examined during the
verification and no evidence that domestic sales of the Hungarian producer were
subsequently exported was established.

In contesting the representative nature of the Hungarian producer’s domestic sales, the
Chinese companies also alleged that the production capacity of the new plant as
reported by the Hungarian producer was overestimated. This allegation was also
rejected. In fact, no evidence was submitted to support it whereas the investigation
confirmed that
the Hungarian producer had not reported an inflated production
capacity.

(14)

In view of the above, the provisional findings as described in recitals (16) to (18) of
the provisional Regulation are confirmed.

2.

Export price

Individual treatment

(15)

Following the imposition of provisional measures, three Chinese companies which did
not qualify for individual treatment because they were not considered as glycine
producers, maintained the request rejected in recital (20) of the provisional Regulation.
In fact, they repeatedly claimed that they purchased low purity glycine which they

5

processed further in order to produce different grades. However, this processing did
not change either the basic chemical composition or the physical characteristics of the
glycine they purchased. Since all glycine grades are considered as a single product
(see recitals (4) to (7) above), these companies cannot be considered as producers of
the product concerned, therefore, their request is definitively rejected.

(16)

The other two companies referred to in recital (20) of the provisional Regulation,
which were also not granted individual treatment, did not provide any new information
that could justify a change of the provisional findings in their respect. The findings,
therefore, as described in recitals (19) and (20) of the provisional Regulation are
confirmed.

Determination of export price

(17) None of the claims made affected the determination of the export price. The
provisional findings as described in recital (21) of the provisional Regulation are
confirmed.

3.

Comparison

(18)

Further to the findings as described in recital (22) of the provisional Regulation it is
noted that adjustments to normal value were made only in respect of transport costs,
while adjustments to export price were made, where appropriate, both in respect of
transport and insurance costs. No other allowances were claimed and demonstrated to
affect price comparability. Thus, the provisional findings as described in recital (22)
are confirmed.

4.

Dumping margin

(19)

The co-operating Chinese companies firstly claimed that they represented almost all
Chinese exports of glycine and questioned the reliability of Eurostat import statistics
which showed otherwise. Secondly, they claimed that if the Eurostat statistics were to
be considered reliable as far as the import volume was concerned, the export price
(average price of all glycine grades) as provided by these statistics should also be
used.

(20) With regard to the first claim no reason was found as to why Eurostat statistics should
not be considered as reliable for the purpose of determining the import volume of
glycine from the PRC. It is also noted that the Chinese companies in question did not
provide any evidence casting any doubt on the reliability of Eurostat data. The extent
of non-cooperation as set out in recital (24) of the provisional Regulation is therefore
confirmed.

(21)

In relation to the second claim it is noted that the dumping margin for those exports for
which cooperation was not obtained was based, in accordance with Article 18(1) of the
basic Regulation, on the facts available. In this respect, it was considered appropriate
to set the dumping margin for these imports at the level of the highest dumping margin
established for the co-operating exporter with representative export volumes. The
resulting margin based on the facts available was averaged with the margins of the co-
operating exporters, for which detailed calculations by grade were made, in order to
arrive at the overall dumping margin for the PRC. This approach is justified by the fact
that no individual treatment could be granted for the reasons given above (see recitals

6

(15) and (16)). Moreover, the Eurostat figures do not allow accurate calculations by
grade to be made because they provide only an aggregated average price for all grades
of the product under consideration. Therefore, the claim for the use of an average price
as set out in Eurostat was rejected.

(22)

In view of the above, the methodology used for establishing the dumping margin as
described in recitals (23) to (25) of the provisional Regulation and also its level of
45,9% are hereby confirmed.

D. INJURY

(23)

In view of their repeated claim to consider regular, feed/food and pharmaceutical
the
grades separately, certain Chinese companies argued that
Community industry should be assessed separately for the alleged three grades of
glycine. However, since it has been concluded in recitals (4) to (7) above that all
glycine grades are to be considered as one product, this claim cannot be accepted.

the situation of

(24)

In the absence of any new information, the provisional findings, as described in
recitals (35) to (45) of the provisional Regulation, are confirmed.

E. CAUSATION

(25)

In line with their claim to consider regular, feed/food, and pharmaceutical glycine
grades separately, certain Chinese companies argued that the impact of imports on the
situation of the Community industry should be assessed separately for all grades of
glycine. However, as explained above, all grades are to be considered as one product,
and this also applies in the assessment of their impact on the material injury suffered
by Community industry.

(26)

In the absence of any new information, the provisional findings, as described in
recitals (46) to (61) of the provisional Regulation, are confirmed.

F. COMMUNITY INTEREST

(27) One supplier to the Community industry of the major raw material for glycine,
monochloroacetic acid (MCCA) made the point that the Community industry was a
very important customer. If this industry was obliged to cease glycine production, this
supplier would have to reduce its sales and production of MCCA and therefore would
see its unit cost significantly increase. As a result, its competitiveness would be
reduced and this would threaten its position in the MCCA business.

(28) One user, producing chemicals for the photographic industry, made the point that its
business would be severely endangered if definitive duties were imposed on glycine
originating in the PRC. This user required high purity glycine and therefore bought a
grade labelled "medical" from a Chinese company. This user claimed that it could not
afford to buy the expensive pharmaceutical glycine produced by the Community
industry as this would be the equivalent product of Community origin. It stated,
however, that the product it manufactures with glycine had no connection with human
or animal health. Therefore,
justified.
it was concluded that
Furthermore, since the activity concerned represented only a marginal share of its
business, the impact of measures on this user would be limited.

this claim was not

7

(29)

In the absence of any other new information on Community interest, the provisional
findings, as described in recitals (62) to (93) of the provisional Regulation, are
confirmed.

G. DEFINITIVE MEASURES

1.

Level of duty

(30)

In application of the lesser duty rule, it was examined whether the duty could be less
than the equivalent of the dumping margin because such lesser duty would be
adequate to remove the injury to the Community industry. For this purpose, it is
confirmed that the prices of the dumped imports, (CIF Community border before
custom duties), were compared with the non-injurious price of the Community
industry. This price was determined on the basis of the ex-work cost of production of
the Community industry plus a reasonable level of profit. This comparison took into
account pharmaceutical and regular grades of glycine with an appropriate weighting
system.

(31)

The methodology used for establishing the duty, as described in recitals (95) to (97) of
the provisional Regulation, and also its level of 39,7% are thus confirmed.

2.

Definitive measures

(32)

(33)

The conclusions reached above as to dumping, injury, causation and Community
interest, therefore, call for definitive measures.

In accordance with Article 9(4) of the basic Regulation, the level of duty is based on
the injury elimination level, which is lower than the dumping margin. Given the
clearly continuously decreasing trend of prices of glycine originating in China, there is
a risk of absorption of an ad valorem duty and, therefore, a specific amount duty of
910 EUR/tonne is considered the most appropriate measure.

3.

Collection of provisional duties

(34)

Taking into account the above findings on dumping, injury, causation and Community
interest, it is considered necessary that the amounts secured by way of the provisional
anti-dumping duty under the provisional Regulation be definitively collected at the
duty rate definitively imposed,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

1. A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of glycine falling within CN

code 2922 49 10 originating in the People’s Republic of China.

2. The amount of duty applicable is EUR 910 per tonne.

3.

In cases where goods have been damaged before entry into free circulation and, therefore,
the price actually paid or payable is apportioned for the determination of the customs

8

value pursuant to Article 145 of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2454/934, the amount
of anti-dumping duty, calculated on the basis of the fixed amounts set out above, shall be
reduced by a percentage which corresponds to the apportioning of the price actually paid
or payable.

4. Unless otherwise specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply.

Article 2

The amounts secured by way of the provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of glycine
originating in the People’s Republic of China under the provisional anti-dumping duty
the duty rate definitively imposed by this
Regulation shall be definitively collected at
Regulation.

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official
Journal of the European Communities.

Article 3

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels,

For the Council
The President

4

OJ L 253, 11.10.1993, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 502/1999 (OJ L 65,
12.3.1999, p. 1).

9