Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Court of Auditors, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Tempus (PHARE and TACIS) - Annual Report 1998
Date: 2000-07-20
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Central and Eastern European countries, EU programme, cooperation policy, higher education, report

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 20.07.2000
COM(2000) 455 final

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL,
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS,
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE
AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

Tempus (Phare and Tacis)
Annual Report 1998

Table of contents

GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................3

Page

1

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................4

1.1 The origins of Tempus..........................................................................................4

1.2 Tempus I and II ....................................................................................................4

2 MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS...............................................................................6

2.1 Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation......................................6

2.2 Projects ................................................................................................................6

2.2.1 Tempus Phare..............................................................................................6

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis ..............................................................................................7

2.3 Management of the Programme ............................................................................7

2.4 Monitoring ...........................................................................................................8

2.5 Budget..................................................................................................................9

3

PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1998 ...........................................................12

3.1 Preparation for Tempus III .................................................................................12

3.2 Exploitation of outputs .......................................................................................12

3.3 Management of projects .....................................................................................13

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus Offices (NTOs) ..........13

4

THE 1998 SELECTION ROUNDS...........................................................................14

4.1 Overall Tempus budget ......................................................................................14

4.2 Tempus Phare budget .........................................................................................14

4.3 Tempus Phare deadlines .....................................................................................15

4.4 Tempus Phare selection results ...........................................................................15

4.4.1 Joint European Projects .............................................................................15

4.4.2 Individual Mobility Grants ........................................................................18

4.5 Tempus Tacis budget..........................................................................................18

4.6 Tempus Tacis deadlines......................................................................................19

4.7 Tempus Tacis selection procedure ......................................................................20

4.8 Tempus Tacis selection results............................................................................22

5

List of publications....................................................................................................23

- 2 -

ANNEXES:

Annex 1 – Overall Statistics

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Annex 4 –Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

GLOSSARY

CME

CP

EC

Compact Measures (Tempus Phare)

Compact project (Tempus Tacis)

European Commission

ETF
(the Foundation)

European Training Foundation (Turin, Italy)

IMG

JEP

NCP

NTO

Partner countries

Individual Mobility Grant (Tempus Phare)

Joint European Project (Tempus Phare and Tacis)

National Contact Point (in the European Union)

National Tempus Offices (in Phare partner countries)

In 1998, New Independent States and Mongolia, Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania,
Slovak Republic, Slovenia

Pre-JEP

TIP

Preparatory measures for a Joint European Project (Tempus Tacis)

Tempus Information Point (in some Tacis partner countries)

- 3 -

1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

The origins of Tempus

The political events of 1989 and 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe had a dramatic impact
on the European Community. The Member States individually and collectively found
themselves facing unprecedented challenges to the established philosophy and procedures
in external relations. From the outset there was no doubting the urgency in making an
appropriately rapid and effective response to these challenges. Quick action needed to be
taken to strengthen the emerging democracies and capitalise on this unexpected
opportunity to redirect the future of Europe.

Aiming for an integrated global response, the European Community sought to provide a
comprehensive framework for the provision of practical assistance and expertise to help
the countries concerned restructure their economies and political systems. An overall
programme of assistance was agreed by the Council of Ministers in December 1989.
Known as Phare(1), it provided the framework for Community assistance to the economic
and social reform processes in Central and Eastern Europe.

The partner countries themselves identified higher education and training as one of the
priority areas for trans-European cooperation. From an early stage a number of assistance
programmes in the field of education were embedded within Phare. In January 1990 the
Commission submitted to the Council and the European Parliament its plans for the
creation of a new Phare programme specifically designed to meet the higher education
needs of Central and Eastern Europe. This was the starting signal for Tempus.

1.2

Tempus I and II

The Council adopted Tempus on 7 May 1990 (2), for an initial pilot phase of three years
beginning on 1 July 1990. A later Council Decision (3) extended the pilot phase for one
year, until the end of June 1994. Initially 3 countries were involved in the scheme: Poland,
Czechoslovakia and Hungary. This number increased with the years as illustrated in
Figure 1. In 1998, as in the previous year, 26 partner countries benefited from the
programme.

The Council Decision adopting the second phase of the Tempus Programme (Tempus II)
was taken on 29 April 1993 (4). This decision meant the continuation of support for the
existing partner countries and the geographical extension of the Programme’s activities to
the new republics of the former Soviet Union (the New Independent States) and Mongolia.
Projects in these countries - with the exception of the Baltic States - were funded from the

1 At that time Phare stood for “Pologne, Hongrie: Assistance à la Restructuration Economique”. The current
full name is “Phare-Community programme for assistance for economic restructuring in the countries of
Central and Eastern Europe”.

2 OJ N° L131/21, 23 May 1990.

3 OJ N° L122/43, 7 May 1992.

4 OJ N° L112/34, 6 May 1993.

- 4 -

overall Tacis budget, the European Union (EU) initiative fostering the development of
harmonious and prosperous economic and political links between the European Union and
the New Independent States and Mongolia. Preparatory activities in Belarus, the Russian
Federation and the Ukraine already commenced in 1993. Where necessary this report will
make a distinction between ‘Tempus Phare’ and ‘Tempus Tacis’.

Tempus II, whose second Phase was to finish by the end of June 1998, was further
prolonged until 1st July 2000 with a Council Decision adopted on 21 November 1996 (5).

Fig. 1: Phare and Tacis country participation in Tempus between 1990 and 1998

Tempus I
1992

1991

1990

1993

1994

1995

Tempus II
1996

1997

1998

Phare
Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Former DDR
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Former Yugoslavia

1997

1998

1996

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1995

Tacis
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Mongolia
Russian Federation
Tajikistan(*)
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
(*) Applications were submitted and selected in 1996, but projects only started their activity in 1999

5 OJ N° L306/36, 28 November 1996

- 5 -

2

MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS

2.1

Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation

In its first two phases Tempus has adopted a predominantly bottom-up approach. Support
concentrated on innovation at the base of the university-pyramid, i.e. in the departments
and faculties and not at central planning level. The rationale behind this approach was the
assumption that reform would be more readily carried through when not imposed through
hierarchical structures. Project initiation and management at departmental and faculty level
also increased the sense of ownership of projects. Finally, the Programme as a whole was
more likely to respond to the reform needs on the “shop floor”.

In recent years several special actions have added a top-down aspect to the Programme in
areas where more targeted measures were considered beneficial. In 1997, they included the
Tempus Phare Compact Measures.

Another way in which the scope of the programme under Tempus II has been steered
towards a more top-down approach is in the definition of specific priority areas: the
‘National Priorities’. These reviewed listings reflect the specific needs in the current phase
of the overall socio-economic development of each individual partner country. They are
jointly identified by the national authorities and the Commission and published in the
Tempus Guide for Applicants. By using the priorities as one of the selection parameters,
Tempus has been able to continue to develop greater relevance to the specific processes of
reform in each partner country while at the same time giving applicants guidance in their
efforts. In recent years the national priorities have been less focused on academic subject
areas. Instead,
issues, such as university
management reform and the modernisation of administrative systems. In this way the
national priorities have become instrumental for gradually reinforcing the top-down
element in the Tempus Programme.

they now tend to address more structural

The top-down orientation was further reinforced during 1998. Tempus Phare JEPs (see
below) must now fit into one of four categories described in the Guide for Applicants.
Three out of the four categories are related to institutional (as opposed to academic)
reform.

2.2

Projects

Tempus supports cooperation projects between EU Member States and partner countries in
Central and Eastern Europe, the New Independent States and Mongolia in the field of
higher education. To this end the Programme regularly calls for proposals for a variety of
project types.

2.2.1 Tempus Phare

In the Phare countries the majority of Tempus activities took place within Joint European
Projects (JEPs). A JEP is a multi-lateral cooperation project between recognised higher
education institutions from at least two EU countries and one of the partner countries.
Universities from other G24 countries, Malta and Cyprus as well as enterprises from all

- 6 -

countries concerned could participate as associated partners. The maximum duration of a
JEP was three years.

A second group of projects were the Compact Measures, or CMEs, which aimed to
increase Tempus'
impact on the organisational and administrative aspects of higher
education. The CME scheme was discontinued after 1997, but 142 projects selected in
previous years were still running in 1998.

Finally, Tempus awards Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) for the Phare countries.
Through these, individual (ad hoc) visits of higher education staff, senior Ministry officials
and education planners from East to West and vice-versa can be funded.

Types of IMG activity are organised into three groups:

Development of an institutional approach, which aims
administrative staff to improve university management practice.

through retraining of

Participation in the Socrates-Erasmus “Thematic Networks” and other academic
associations.

Study visits and teaching staff development.

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis

Tempus Tacis supports Joint European Projects (JEPs) similar to those under Tempus
Phare, apart from the number of project partners which is subject to a minimum of two and
a maximum of three participating EU institutions and a maximum of two partners in the
same Tacis country per JEP.

In 1998 JEPs were available for the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan only and
were three year projects that aimed at curriculum development
together with the
introduction of new management practices in the partner country higher education
establishments.

The pre-JEP (preparatory measure) scheme was discontinued in 1998 and for the first time,
applicants could apply directly for longer-term institutional co-operation.

Compact Projects (CPs), which were available to all countries, addressed precisely
defined, short-term needs. Activities focussed on curriculum development, university
management or dissemination.

Mobility Projects were available for the first time in 1998 for the Russian Federation
only. Projects focused on the establishment of a network of institutions, which could
facilitate the implementation of student mobility between EU and partner countries.
Typically consortia were composed of more than the minimum members so as to
encourage an extensive network of institutions.

Tempus Tacis does not feature Individual Mobility Grants.

2.3 Management of the Programme

For the implementation of the scheme, the Commission is assisted by a management
committee composed of two representatives appointed by each Member State and chaired
by a Commission representative. The management committee is referred to as the Tempus
Committee.

- 7 -

¤
¤
¤
Technical assistance for the implementation of the programme is provided by the Tempus
Department of the European Training Foundation in Turin following the guidelines of
the European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture in Brussels.

In the Phare countries the Foundation is assisted by the National Tempus Offices (NTOs).
They are the programme’s main links to the national authorities of Central and Eastern
Europe and perform parts of the day-to-day administration of the Programme.

In the Tacis partner countries a network of Tempus Information Points (TIPs) has been
established in order to ensure appropriate support on the spot. They assist with the
implementation of the Tempus Programme by disseminating information about
the
Programme, providing information on the status of higher education in the partner
countries and giving practical support to project operators.

In the EU Member States, designated National Contact Points (NCPs) assist with the
dissemination of programme information, project submission guidelines and forms, and
general support through, among others, the organisation of workshops and co-ordinators’
meetings.

2.4 Monitoring

The Tempus monitoring policy aims at a combined approach of desk, field and preventive
monitoring. The main objective of the internal monitoring programme procedures is to
ensure that the implementation of the projects is in line with the fulfilment of the project
objectives and that the projects are implemented in accordance with Tempus contractual
and financial rules.

Desk monitoring focuses on the reporting obligations (Intermediate Reports, Revised
Budgets and Activity Plans, Progress Report, Annual and Final Reports and Statement of
Expenditures), by assessing the performance of the project in terms of progress and/or
outcomes, organisation and management, and by checking the financial management.

With the aim to monitor closely the progress of the projects, site visits are carried out to
individual projects as field monitoring actions. Under Tempus Phare a full programme of
monitoring visits is agreed with all NTOs each year. Visits are carried out by NTO staff
together - when possible - with staff of the Foundation. The monitoring visits concentrate
on the implementation of the project objectives in the targeted partner institutions, on the
project results and identify possible factors that might jeopardise the achievement of the
project objective. Following each visit, feedback is given to the project partners and
recommendations are made for follow-up. The monitoring visit programme involved a
total of 95 visits in all the Phare countries. Within Tempus Tacis, monitoring visits to JEPs
are carried out by the Tacis Monitoring and Evaluation Team, based on information
supplied by the Foundation Programme Managers. For pre-JEPs and Compact Projects the
TIPs carry out monitoring visits, again joined by Foundation staff whenever possible. The
monitoring visit programme involved a total of 57 visits in all the Tacis countries. The
monitoring visits provide a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of Tempus actions at
an institutional level and, if applicable, to judge the appropriateness of Tempus policy
within the institution concerned.

- 8 -

Preventive monitoring actions, such as contractors’ meetings in the partner countries and
correspondence with the project ensure transparency of the procedures and improve
dissemination of information.

For the first time, during the 1998/99 academic year, Institution Building (IB) projects
were launched within Tempus. During the Tempus IB Seminar, organised by the European
Commission and the Hungarian Tempus Office, held in Budapest in October 1998, the
general approach for monitoring Tempus IB projects was discussed. As a preventive
monitoring measure, meetings in four partner countries with all Tempus IB Joint European
Project contractors will be held in January 1999.

2.5

Budget

Two factors determine the total budget available for Tempus activities:

the national Phare and Tacis budgets, which are determined annually by the
Commission;

the proportion of Phare or Tacis funds which each of the national authorities allocates
for Tempus activities.

Every year each partner country decides how much of its total Phare or Tacis budget it
wishes to allocate to Tempus activities.

- 9 -

¤
¤
Budget evolution Phare (in MECU)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of global Phare budget

1990
Tempus I

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

ALB

55

42

88

53

68.9

42.5

349.4

Tempus

Proportion

3.7

7% 2.4

6% 3.5

4% 2.5

5% 2.5

4% 0.7

1.5% 15.3 4.4%

BIH

Tempus

Proportion

BG

/

252.5

/

85

/

83

141.2

73

32

246.2

0

0

1.5

2% 1.5

5%

3

1.2%

62.5

66

149.2

698.2

Tempus

Proportion

28

11% 12

14% 12

14% 8

13% 0

0

CZ

215.2

60

110

54

60

Tempus

Proportion 26.5 12% 5.5

9%

8

7% 7.5

14% 3

5%

4

1

2.5% 64

9.2%

45.8

545

2% 51.5 9.4%

EE

22

22.5

24

65.3

4.3

28.5

166.6

Tempus

Proportion

2.5

11% 1.5

7% 1.5

6% 1.8

3% 1.2

28% 1.5

5.5% 10

6%

FYROM

Tempus

Proportion

H

/

407.8

/

85

/

92

25

2

8%

106

Tempus

Proportion 50.2 12% 16

19% 16

17% 10

9%

33

6%

87.9

8%

2

7

LV

33

29.5

32.5

40.5

42.6

Tempus

Proportion

3.5

11% 2

7%

2

6%

2

5% 1.8

4%

LT

45

39

42

55.5

50.3

Tempus

Proportion

4

9%

2

5% 3.5

8% 3.5

6% 2.8

6%

25

83

2

5

1

1

8%

6

7.2%

92.4

871.1

5.5% 104.2 12%

32.5

210.6

3% 12.3 5.8%

43.8

275.6

2.5% 16.8 6.1%

PL

802.5

209

174

207.5

147.9

195.2

1736.1

Tempus

Proportion 86.9 11% 35

17% 30

17% 25

12% 20

14% 10

5% 206.9 11.9

RO

360

100

66

123.4

100

155.2

904.6

Tempus

Proportion

41

11% 12

12% 18

27% 15

12% 10

10% 6

4% 102

11.3

SLO

19

24

25

22

25

16

131

Tempus

Proportion

4.8

25% 2.5

10% 2.6

10% 1.25

6% 1.25

5% 1.25

8% 13.65 10.4

SK

117.6

40

46

0

43

79.7

326.3

Tempus

Proportion 14.2 12% 5

13% 5

11% 4.5

-

4

9%

4

5% 36.7 11.2

Sub-total

Total Tempus

2329.6

736

782.5

955.9

801.9

937.8

6543.7

265.3 11% 95.9 13% 102.1 13% 83.05 9% 57.05 7% 38.95 4% 642.35 9.8
%

Regional funds

Former DDR

Yugoslavia

Other Phare sources

0.9

1

37.75

0.9

6

11.9

Total Tempus

23.2

95.9

102.1

84.05

57.05

38.95

698.9

- 10 -

Budget evolution Tacis (in MECU)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of
Tacis budget (national programmes)

1993

1994

1995

1996/1997

1998/99

Total

ARM

6

Tempus

Proportion

0.247

4.2%

1.6

AZB

6

Tempus

Proportion

0.143

2.4%

0.973

BR

9

7

12

Tempus

Proportion 0.380

4.2% 2.1

30% 1.49

12.4%

1.7

GEO

6

Tempus

Proportion

0.242

4%

0.943

KAZ

14

15

Tempus

Proportion

0.370

2.6% 1.999 13.3%

1.897

KYR

0

8

Tempus

Proportion

0.09

-

0.754

9.4%

1.197

MOL

10

9

14

16

5

16

24

13

18

11.4%

6.1%

34%

1

1

1

7.6

27.6

13.2% 2.847 10.3%

24

5

46

4.2% 2.116

4.6%

38

20% 6.67

17.5%

12.2

34.2

5.9%

1.4

11.5% 2.585

7.6%

7.9%

9.2%

11.5

0*

0*

0*

0

0

0

8

0

-

-

-

53

4.266

8%

21

2.041

9.7%

37

2.355

6.4%

17.5

15% 2.524 14.4%

11.5

Tempus

Proportion

0.23

2.3% 1.128 12.5%

0.997

5.5%

MNG

0

9.5

Tempus

Proportion

0.221

-

1.103

11.6%

1.2

TME

Tempus

Proportion

UZB

15

10

28

23.8

76.8

0.6

5.2%

0*

-

0.6

5.2%

Tempus

Proportion

0.25

1.7% 1.185 11.8%

2.5

8.9%

2.2

9.2% 6.135

7.9%

UKR

1993

43.25

1994

50.5

1995

72.5

Tempus

Proportion

0.5

1.2% 3.32

6.6% 3.83

5.3%

RF

160.75

150

161.19

Tempus

Proportion

2.54

1.6% 15.37 10.2% 11.55

7.2%

1996

1997

1998

Total

76

59

36

337.25

5

8

6.6%

133

6%

4

8

6.8%

4

11.1% 20.65

6.1%

132.9

112.2

850.04

6%

13

11.6% 58.46

6.9%

Sub-total

213

246.5

305.69

555.9

228.8

1549.89

Total Tempus

3.42

1.6% 21.73

8.8% 22.789 7.4%

38.51

6.9%

24.8

111.249 7.2%

10.8
%

* These four countries will get biennial allocations for 1999-2000

- 11 -

3

PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1998

3.1

Preparation for Tempus III

In 1998, in the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Tempus II bis
programme developed its activities in line with the new orientations of the Phare
programme, which put emphasis on institutional development in the framework of the pre-
accession strategy. In the associated countries, this led to JEPs being mainly targeted at the
improvement of the capacity of the higher education sector to contribute to the adoption
and implementation of the ‘acquis communautaire’. The coverage of Tempus has therefore
been expanded; Tempus networks are increasingly encouraged to invite other partners in
society such as national, regional and local authorities as well as social and industrial
partners - to participate in their activities.

For the non-associated Phare countries as well as for the Tacis countries, the emphasis
remained on curriculum development and university management. New projects in student
mobility were introduced for the Russian Federation as well as Compact projects for the
dissemination of project results.

During 1998, the Commission asked for an interim evaluation of the implementation and
results of the Tempus II programme. At the same time, it consulted with the Tempus
Committee and the main actors of the programme on the future options in view of a
possible prolongation of Tempus. Based on the conclusions drawn up, the Commission
made a proposal for a Council Decision for the adoption of the third phase of the Tempus
programme (2000 - 2006).

3.2

Exploitation of outputs

Since 1995, the Commission is, with the assistance of the Foundation, working on
maximising the value of the Tempus programme through the analysis and dissemination of
its achievements.

In 1998, in the framework of this initiative, there was further development of the Tempus
at Work series as a tool for the dissemination of information on the Tempus programme.
Individual country sheets were prepared for both EU Member States and partner countries.
The sheets represent a valuable source of up-to-date information on the projects funded in
a particular partner country since the beginning of Tempus and of the participation levels
of EU Member States in the various geographic zones.

The 1998 Tempus at Work series includes:

general Tempus, Tempus Phare, and Tempus Tacis sheets;

an overall sheet summarising Tempus achievements;

separate sheets on the participation of individual countries (EU and partner countries)
in Tempus;

- 12 -

¤
¤
¤
Following the completion of the Output Evaluation Scheme in which the dissemination
potential of outputs produced by a selected number of Tacis JEPs in the Russian Federation
and the Ukraine in the field of economics were evaluated, a compendium of the best
outputs was produced by the Netherlands Economic Institute. The Compendium comprises
a brief description of 34 outputs which have been assessed by EU, Russian and Ukrainian
experts and seen to be of a satisfactory standard. The contact details for each output are
clearly indicated and it is hoped that the Compendium will provide clear evidence of
Tempus achievements in this subject area and that the publication will be of use to other
Higher Education establishments.

As a result of training seminars held in Moscow and Kiev in 1997 for local project
coordinators and administrators, the Objective Oriented Project Design and Management
Tempus Handbook was produced in 1998. The Handbook is aimed primarily at providing
the Logical Framework
clear indications to Tempus practitioners on how to adopt
implementation. The
Approach at all
handbook also looks at
issues such as project management skills related to time
management, financial management, teamwork, meetings, reporting etc.

levels, from project design through to project

3.3 Management of projects

In 1998 for the first time under Tempus Tacis the possibility of performing the role of JEP
Coordinator was extended to the Russian Federation.

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus

Offices (NTOs)

National Tempus Offices in Central and Eastern Europe and Tempus Information Points in
the Newly Independent States and Mongolia continued to provide information to interested
institutions and assistance to exiting projects.

National Tempus Offices exist in all Phare partner countries. Tempus Information Point
representatives were present
in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Mongolia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

Following the suspension of Tacis activities in Tajikistan in December 1997, the TIP was
no longer operational in 1998.

- 13 -

4

THE 1998 SELECTION ROUNDS

4.1 Overall Tempus budget

The Central and Eastern European national governments allocated a total amount of
MECU 38.95 to Tempus Phare activities in 1998. For the countries participating in
Tempus Tacis this figure was MECU 21.06 (6). The table below (Figure 2) shows how the
amounts compare to those of earlier years.

Fig. 2: Tempus allocations between 1990 and 1998 in MECU

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

57.05

21.06

38.95

16.07

20.5

23

22

3.45

70.5

23.2

84.05

102.1

95.9

98

129.15

Tacis

Phare

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

4.2

Tempus Phare budget

The total amount available for Tempus activities in the Phare countries in 1998 was
MECU 38.95. Figure 3 shows a breakdown of this figure into the respective national
allocations for Tempus activities in 1998. The average per year for each country since
inclusion is added for comparison.

6

Including the 1997 allocation of Belarus which projects were approved only in 1998, and the amounts
actually allocated in 1998 for those countries which had biannual allocation for 1998 and 1999.

- 14 -

Fig. 3: Tempus funds in MECU per Phare partner country in 1998 compared
with the average per year since inclusion in the scheme.

SLO

2.20

1.25

SK

RO

PL

LV

LT

H

FYROM

EE

CZ

BIH

BG

ALB

4.78

4

6

12.84

10

24.17

2.14

2.79

1

1

2.00
2

1.73
1.5

1

1.33
1.5

4

2.54

0.7

5

12.66

5.99

8.33

Average 1990-98

1998

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Note: The average figures for Slovenia, the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic are

the averages of these countries since independence.

4.3

Tempus Phare deadlines

The deadline for submitting Joint European Projects applications was 31 March 1998. As
in previous years, there were two deadlines for the submission of Individual Mobility
Grant applications in 1998: 13 March and 26 June.

4.4

Tempus Phare selection results

4.4.1

Joint European Projects

through a co-operative decision making
JEP applications are considered for support
process which consists of several different stages. In 1998, as in 1997,
important
responsibilities in the selection process of JEPs were given to the National Tempus
Offices. The rationale behind this was that
increased responsibility in the selection
procedure would benefit the preparation for participation of the associated countries in the

- 15 -

EU education programmes. In this selection procedure, the technical assessment of projects
was undertaken by the NTOs and the academic assessment was undertaken in the partner
country by a mixed group of experts from both EU member states and partner countries.
This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 1 overleaf.

Results of the 1998 Tempus Phare JEP selection round

Selection took place during the second quarter of 1998. The results of the selection round
are given in the table below. The 1997 figures are included for comparison.

Number of new JEP proposals received
Number of new JEPs proposed for funding
Success rate
Average JEP grant allocated
Number of JEPs renewed
Total number of JEPs supported

1997

563
192
34%
ECU 279,237
394
586

1998

579
185
32%
ECU 188,365
358
543

Out of the 579 applications received, 536 complied with the national priorities. Of these,
185 were proposed for funding.

Compared with last year there has been an increase of 3% in the number of applications
received. Contrary to the trend that was observed in the past years, the success rate decreased
in 1998 by 2%. The 185 applications proposed for approval this year represent 32% of the
total number of applications received. In 1997 the success rate had grown to 34% from the
30% of 1995. Nevertheless, the budget available for the majority of partner countries was
decreased, and this could have had an impact on the number of applications that could be
funded.

Statistical data on country participation subject distribution and a breakdown of details per
country can be found in the annexes to this report.

- 16 -

TEMPUS PHARE JEP SELECTION 1998

First stage:
Technical
assessment

Technical assessment (eligibility check, priority
assessment and technical quality check).

Second stage:
Experts'
evaluation

Assessment of academic relevance and quality of applications
that passed the technical assessment by Academic Experts
from the EU and the Partner States.

National forum in each country, chaired by the European Commission,
with the participation of the National Authorities, the European
Training Foundation, the National Tempus Office concerned and EU
and National Experts

Final
decision

Final decision on the proposed projects by the Commission

Notification

Notification of the results to the applicants by the ETF and dispatch of
contracts.

Flowchart N° 1

- 17 -

4.4.2

Individual Mobility Grants

The selection of East – West mobility was carried out by the National Tempus Offices.
Applications for West – East IMGs and those from Bosnia and Herzegovina were assessed
by the Foundation. Both assessments were done in parallel and followed the guidelines
agreed with the European Commission. In 1998, contrary to previous years, to give the
Individual Mobility Grant scheme more flexibility, no national conditions or preferences
had been set.

Due to their eligibility under the Socrates-Erasmus programme,
the Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland and Romania were no longer eligible for IMGs in 1998. The same
applied to the Slovak Republic, but for the second selection round 1998 only.

Results of the 1998 IMG selection:

First selection round (March 1998, 9 partner countries)
Number of applications
Number of applications supported
Success rate
Total budget
Average size of grant

Second selection round (June 1998, 8 partner countries)
Number of applications
Number of applications supported
Success rate
Total budget
Average size of grant

366
136
37.2%
Euro 293,950
Euro 2,161

180
102
56.7%
Euro 235,810
Euro 2,311

Compared to 1997, there is a sharp decrease in the number of applications: in 1997,
1.802 applications were received and 1.120 actually selected. This can be explained by the
fact that those partner countries which were no longer eligible were among the most
important in terms of potential applicants, due to the larger number of university staff and
budget available.

For statistical details on the 1997 IMGs, please refer to the annexes to this report.

Tempus Tacis budget

4.5
The Tempus Tacis project selection round of 1998 (open call) involved the following Tacis
the Russian Federation,
countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Mongolia,
Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Only the Russian Federation and the Ukraine received an annual
allocation for 1998, the other countries received biennial allocation for 1998 and 1999, as
follows:

- 18 -

Country

Annual: 1998 only
(MECU)

Biennial: 1998-1999
(MECU)

Allocation

ARM

AZB

BR

GEO

MNG

RF

UKR

UZB

-

-

-

-

-

13.0(7)

4.0

-

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.2

-

-

2.2

Until this year it was possible to apply for projects in curriculum development only with
three year Joint European Project (JEP) applications. But, in order to give to all the
countries involved in this selection round the possibility to apply for a project
in
curriculum development, a new type of two year Compact Project (CP) (usually focused on
university management only) was introduced: the CP in curriculum development. A
possibility to disseminate project results was also given to those countries which had JEPs
at the final stage, i.e. started in 1994 or 1995. Finally, a new type of mobility JEP was
introduced for the Russian Federation only.

Different types of projects were related to different countries, as follows:

Type of project

Duration

Focus

Country

JEP

JEP

CP

CP

CP

3 years

curriculum development

RF-UKR-UZB

3 years

2 years

student mobility

RF

university management

all countries

2 years

curriculum development

ARM-AZB-GEO-MNG

2 years

dissemination

RF-UKR-UZB

Tempus Tacis deadlines

4.6
The deadline for submitting JEP and CP applications was 8 April 1998.

7 Including 5 MECU for funding mobility JEP.

- 19 -

4.7

Tempus Tacis selection procedure

Within the framework of the Tempus Tacis Programme, the Joint European Project (JEP)
and the Compact Project (CP) are the means by which consortia of institutions in the
partner countries of the New Independent States and Mongolia, the Member States of the
European Union and, where appropriate, other G-24 countries as well as Cyprus and Malta,
are encouraged to co-operate in activities designed to promote the restructuring of higher
education in the New Independent States and Mongolia.

To ensure maximum impact of the funds invested in the Programme great importance is
given to the national priorities particular to each partner country (for the complete list see
Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 1998/99) which are established every year by the
Commission in agreement with the authorities of the respective partner country. This year
more emphasis was given to areas such as Law and Environment and less to areas such as
Languages and European Studies.

The Tempus Tacis projects were selected by the European Commission with technical
assistance provided by the European Training Foundation. All projects were assessed on a
technical and academic level; the latter was carried out by a pool of academic experts from
the partner countries and the EU Member States.

A final experts panel chaired by DG EAC involving EU and partner country experts has
been established in order to discuss applications for which the assessment differed and
those where further advice was sought. The panel then established a provisional ranking of
applications for all countries in the Tempus Tacis programme.

This year the final expert meetings chaired by the Commission were organised in parallel
sessions, as follows: EU expert meeting on 14-15 September in Torino; UKR expert
meeting on 29 September in Kiev; ARM, AZB, GEO and UZB expert meeting on
12-13 October in Tbilisi; RF and MNG expert meeting on 19 and 20 October in Torino.

The final list of projects in the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Mongolia, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan proposed to the Commission
for funding were chosen on the basis of their qualitative ranking, co-ordination with other
Tacis assistance programmes, balance between priority areas and an appropriate
geographical spread of projects.

This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 2 overleaf.

- 20 -

OVERVIEW OF THE TEMPUS TACIS JEP SELECTION IN 1998 (OPEN CALL)

Priorities
setting

Partner country ministries and European Commission define priority
subject areas at national level for 1997

Receipt of project applications by the given deadline

Technical
Implementation

Control of formal eligibility

Technical quality assessment of all formally eligible applications,
including priority conformity check

Academic assessment of all formally eligible applications by EU and
partner country academic experts

Meeting between the Foundation, technical assessors
and academic experts under the European
Commission’s chairmanship

Consultation with relevant authorities in the partner countries

Identification of projects to be distributed in two different lists:

1. projects potentially proposed for funding
2. projects potentially proposed for reserve list, to be funded if budget

allows

Final approval by the European Commission on
projects to be funded

Notification of the results to the project applicants

Flowchart N° 2

- 21 -

Final decision

Notification

4.8

Tempus Tacis selection results

Number of project proposals received
Number of projects proposed for funding
Success rate
Average project grant allocated

1998

254
69
26%
ECU 344,440

A total of 254 applications was received for the eight countries in the 1998/99 selection
round of Tempus Tacis programme within the following categories:

JEPs:

95
¤ Mobility JEPs: 22

CP:

137

Compared with the last open selection round in 1996 when a total of 299 project
applications for the same countries were received, there has been a decrease of 23% in the
number of project applications received. The decrease ranged from 17% for Armenia, 18%
for the Ukraine, 20% for the Russian Federation, 25% for Georgia, 40% for Azerbaijan and
Uzbekistan and 53% for Mongolia.

This decrease is mainly due to the fact that this year, for the first time, university consortia
have had the opportunity to apply directly for a three-year JEP, instead of having the one-
year preparatory phase (pre-JEP). This new approach has several implications, such as
having already international contacts established or a very clear picture of objectives, local
needs analysis, etc.

Furthermore, the priority areas for this selection round were focused on a more restricted
number of subjects.

Number of new project proposals received
Number of new project proposed for funding
Success rate

Average project grant allocated
Total number of projects running

1996
Open call

299
88
29.4%

1997
Closed call(8)
59
34
57.6%

1998
Open call

254
69
27.1%

ECU 193.18
176

ECU 467,476
117

ECU 344,440
130

There was also a closed call for Joint European Project applications in 1998, open only to
Pre-JEPs from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan. A total
of 10 applications were received, 6 of which have been selected.

8 Only open to Pre-JEPs

- 22 -

¤
¤
5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Tempus Phare Guide for Applicants 1998/99 and 1999/2000, in 11 languages

Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 1998/99, in 12 languages

Tempus at Work (country sheets for all Phare, all Tacis and all EU countries
with information about their involvement in Tempus), 1997/98, in EN, FR, DE,
RU

Tempus Conference Report 14-15.11.1997/Slovenia, multilingual document (EN,
FR, DE)

Tempus Tacis Compendium 1998, multilingual document (EN, FR, DE)

Tempus Tacis Output Compendium of selected projects in economics, 1998,
multilingual document (EN, FR, DE, RU).

Tempus Tacis guide: Working and living in Armenia, 1998, in EN

Please note that all of the above 1998 publications can be found, together with all other
Tempus documents, in the download section of the ETF Web site at: http://www.etf.eu.int/

- 23 -

Annex 1 - The Tempus Programme: Overall statistics

Tempus Phare

Tempus I

Tempus II

1990-1993

1994

1995

95.9
95.9

102.1
102.1

1997

57.05
57.05

1998

38.95
38.95

Total

698.9

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)
National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of JENs supported

of which new

320.85
272.2
37.75
10.9

750

Number of new CMEs per year

138

Number of IMGs awarded
from partner countries
to partner countries

6,864
5,257
1,607

1996

84.05
83.05

1

638
183

129
47

97

485
229

112
83

100

464
239

38
38

32 10

1,369
1,207

162

586
192

47
0

106

542
185

0 9
0

0 1

238
225
13

1,778

168

473

11,980
10,029
1,951

1,271
1,271

- 11

1,096
1,005
91

1,142
1,064
78

9 The JEN and CME were discontinued in 1998

10 Includes 7 CME+

11 Exceptionally, for 1995/96 only requests for East-West grants were supported.

- 24 -

Annex 1 - The Tempus Programme: Overall statistics

Tempus Tacis

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

Number of partner countries involved

2. Projects:
Number of new Pre-JEPs per year

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of Compact Projects supported

of which new

Tempus I

Tempus II

1993

3.42

3

77

1994

1995

1996

21.73

22.789

26.51 12

7

76

28
28

11

87

59
31

13

71

89
30

22 18
22

1997

12.0 13

13

0 15

91
30 16

27
5 19

1998

Total

24.8 14

111.249

13

0

93
33 17

43
38

311

152

65

12 Some countries were allocated biannual funding (1996 and 1997).

13 Excludes allocation for Belarus.

14 Some countries were allocated biannual funding (1998 and 1999).

15 The Pre-JEP were discontinued in 1997

16 Does not include the two projects with Belarus which were selected in 1997 but started in 1998/99

17 Also includes the 1998 closed call and two projects with Belarus submitted in 1997

18 Excluding five projects involving Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova submitted in 1996 which started in late 1997

19 No call for CP applications in 1997; these five projects (involving Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova) were submitted in 1996 but only started in late 1997

- 25 -

Annex 1 - The Tempus Programme: Overall statistics

EU Member state involvement in Tempus Phare JEPs in 1998/99

JEPs starting in 1998/99

All JEPs running in 1998/99

Number

% (*)

Number

% (*)

Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom

28
49
16
26
58
81
38
20
42
0
50
16
37
25
91

15.1
26.5
8.6
14.1
31.4
43.8
20.5
10.8
22.7
0
27.0
8.6
20.0
13.5
49.2

82
132
65
85
208
239
96
56
151
0
143
65
107
92
315

15.1
24.3
12.0
15.7
38.3
44.0
17.7
10.3
27.8
0
26.3
12.0
19.7
16.9
58.0

(*)

The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each
project has at least two EU countries participating)..

EU Member state involvement in Tempus Tacis JEPs and CPs
in 1998/99

JEPs/CPs starting in 1998/99

All JEPs/CPs running in 1998/99

Number

% (*)

Number

% (*)

Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom

8
7
3
9
22
24
7
2
12
0
22
1
13
4
35

11.3
9.9
4.2
12.7
31
33.8
9.9
2.8
16.9
0
31
1.4
18.3
5.6
49.3

12
19
5
12
44
47
14
6
24
0
36
5
22
9
66

8.8
14
3.7
8.8
32.4
34.6
10.3
4.4
17.6
0
26.5
3.7
16.2
6.6
48.5

(*)

The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each
project has at least two EU countries participating)..

- 26 -

Annex 1 - The Tempus Programme: Overall statistics

Distribution by subject area of Tempus Phare JEPs
starting in 1998/99

Subject
Humanities
Social Sciences
Management and Business
Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Applied Sciences and Technologies
Art and Design
Languages
Other
Institution Building
University Management

Number
2
10
6
3
20
1
4
8
67
64

%
1.1
5.4
3.2
1.6
10.8
0.5
2.2
4.3
36.2
34.6

Total

185

100%

- 27 -

Annex 1 - The Tempus Programme: Overall statistics

Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis JEPs
starting in 1998/99

Subject area
Law
Social Sciences
Economics
European studies and international relations
University management
Applied economics
Tourism and Leisure
Medical Sciences
Engineering and Technology
Environmental sciences
Education and teacher training

Number
7
1
7
2
1
2
1
2
2
7
1

%
21.2
3
21.2
6.1
3
6.1
3
6.1
6.1
21.2
3

Total

33

100%

Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis CPs
starting in 1998/99

Subject area
History
Social Sciences
Psychology and Behavioural Sciences
Economics
University management
Applied economics
Agricultural and Food Sciences
Environmental sciences
Modern European Languages
Education and teacher training

Number
1
1
1
6
22
2
1
1
1
2

%
2.6
2.6
2.6
15.9
57.9
5.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
5.3

Total

38

100%

- 28 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Albania20

Tempus I

Tempus II

1990-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Albania
to Albania

6.19
3.7
0.09
2.4

13

-

4

226
180
46

2.4
2.4

17
5

0

2

191
182
9

3.5
3.5

13
6

8

0

10

295
295
-

2.5
2.5

15
4

15

3

4 2

138
137
1

2.5
2.5

16
6

16

3

1

149
149
0

0.7
0.7

15
6

9

- 1

- 3

16
16
0

17.79
15.3
0.09
2.4

40

3

21

1,015

959
56

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Social Sciences
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• University Management

33.3%
16.7%
50%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

20 Excluded are details about the projects (IMGs) which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence in 1992. Twenty-four of the

indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year.

- 29 -

Bulgaria

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Tempus I

Tempus II

1991-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Bulgaria
to Bulgaria

30.63
28
2.63

80

-

35

564
474
90

12
12

59
32

1

7

174
155
19

12
12

57
28

83

9

18

143
143
-

8
8

82
22

98

8

10 2

96
82
14

0
0

65
15

122

8

18

72
68
4

4
4

56
20

35

- 1

- 3

39
35
4

66.63
64
2.63

197

18

88

1,088

957
131

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Natural Sciences and Mathematics
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Languages
• Institution Building
• University Management

5%
15%
10%
40%
30%

- 30 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Bosnia and Herzegovina
to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tempus II

1996

1997

1998

Total

1

1

0

-

0

7 2

0

1.5
1.5

4
4

10

0

0

13
10
3

1.5
1.5

11
7

28

- 1

- 3

5
5
0

4
3

1

11

10

0

7

18
15
3

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Humanities
• Management and Business
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Languages

14.3%
14.3%
57.1%
14.3

- 31 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Czechoslovakia21

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Czechoslovakia
to Czechoslovakia

Tempus I

1990-1992

34.96
27.70
7.26

145

-

53

1,008

785
223

21 Covers only the period 1990-1992, before independence of the Czech and Slovak Republics.

- 32 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Czech Republic22

Tempus I

Tempus II

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from the Czech Republic
to the Czech Republic

10.94
8
2.94

81

-

3

240
151
89

5.5
5.5

41
15

10

8

83
54
29

8
8

33
14

57

13

4

59
59
-

7.5
7.5

45
11

65

2

7 2

71
62
9

3
3

46
17

76

2

10

147
135
12

1
1

38
11

24

- 1

- 3

0 4
0
0

35.94
33
2.94

149

25

32

600
461
139

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Social Sciences
• Management and Business
• Institution Building
• University Management

9.1%
9.1%
63.6%
18.2%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998
4 The Czech Republic was
no longer eligible for IMG
in 1998, due to its eligibility
under Socrates-Erasmus

22 For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

- 33 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Estonia

Tempus I

Tempus II

1992-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Estonia
to Estonia

4.63
2.5
0.03
2.1

17

-

4

156
126
30

1.5
1.5

1.5
1.5

1.8
1.8

1.2
1.2

1.5
1.5

19
13

0

1

62
57
5

12
4

12

0

2

66
66
-

14
6

17

0

3 2

64
58
6

13
5

22

0

4

30
25
5

13
5

6

- 1

- 3

23
20
3

12.13
10
0.03
2.1

50

0

14

401
352
49

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Institution Building
• University Management

40%
60%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

- 34 -

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Tempus II

1996

1997

1998

Total

2
2

0

-

0

2 2

31
31
0

2
2

5
5

21

0

9

62
60
2

2
2

17
12

15

- 1

- 2

43
41
2

6
6

17

0

11

136
132
4

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Social Sciences
• Management and Business
• Natural Sciences and Mathematics
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Art and Design
• University Management
• Other

16.7%
16.7%
16.7%
8.3%
8.3%
25%
8.3%

- 35 -

Hungary

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Tempus I

Tempus II

1990-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Hungary
to Hungary

59.9
50.2
9.7

204

-

73

944
581
363

16
16

66
41

8

7

63
41
22

16
16

83
38

115

23

8

28
28
-

10
10

106
28

148

3

6 2

43
25
18

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Humanities
• Management and Business
• Institution Building
• University Management

5
5

70
22

49

- 1

- 3

0 4
0
0

113.9
104.2
9.7

355

34

104

1,112

698
414

7
7

86
22

179

3

10

34
23
11

4.55%
4.55%
63.6%
27.3%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998
4 Hungary was no longer
eligible for IMG in 1998,
due to its eligibility under
Socrates-Erasmus

- 36 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Latvia

Tempus I

Tempus II

1992-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Latvia
to Latvia

6.2
3.5

2.7

17

-

2

139
94
45

2
2

19
6

0

2

75
71
4

2
2

13
5

18

0

5

75
75
-

2
2

14
5

23

1

5 2

61
56
5

1.8
1.8

16
8

31

1

6

70
66
4

1
1

18
6

10

- 1

- 3

36
33
3

15
12.3

2.7

47

1

20

456
395
61

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Institution Building
• University Management

33.3%
33.3%
33.3%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

- 37 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Lithuania

Tempus I

Tempus II

1992-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Lithuania
to Lithuania

6.7
4

2.7

16

-

7

147
90
57

2
2

20
5

0

4

46
42
4

3.5
3.5

3.5
3.5

2.8
2.8

18
10

21

0

2

39
39
-

24
11

22

1

2 2

42
40
2

31
12

34

1

4

28
21
7

1
1

26
5

14

- 1

- 3

22
22
0

19.5
16.8

2.7

59

1

19

324
254
70

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Institution Building
• University Management
• Other

40%
20%
20%
20%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

- 38 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Poland

Tempus I

Tempus II

1990-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Poland
to Poland

97.53
86.9
10.63

248

-

76

2,190
1,739

451

35
35

175
91

16

14

339
307
32

30
30

156
65

224

12

26

275
275
-

25
25

202
56

328

10

22 2

318
295
23

20
20

166
56

410

9

19

223
206
17

10
10

147
40

65

- 1

- 3

0 4
0
0

217.53
206.90
10.63

556

38

157

3,345
2,822

523

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998
4 Poland was no longer
eligible for IMG in 1998,
due to its eligibility under
Socrates-Erasmus

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Social Sciences
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Institution Building
• University Management

15%
5%
32.5%
47.5%

- 39 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Romania

Tempus I

Tempus II

1991-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Romania
to Romania

41.75
41
0.75

94

-

32

692
580
112

12
12

51
24

0

9

192
162
30

18
18

59
36

190

13

18

160
160
-

15
15

89
30

341

9

28 2

180
166
14

10
10

94
31

440

9

29

187
176
11

6
6

84
23

39

- 1

- 3

102.75
102
0.75

238

22

116

0 4
0
0

1,411
1,244

167

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998
4 Romania was no longer
eligible for IMG in 1998,
due to its eligibility under
Socrates-Erasmus

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Languages
• Institution Building
• University Management
• Other

17.4%
4.4%
30.4%
34.8%
13%

- 40 -

Slovak Republic23

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from the Slovak Republic
to the Slovak Republic

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Tempus I

Tempus II

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

6.18
5
1.18

46

-

2

136
95
41

5
5

33
15

2

4

73
64
9

5
5

31
14

45

8

4

70
70
-

4.5
4.5

42
13

62

3

3 2

64
60
4

4
4

38
11

68

3

9

79
78
1

4
4

45
24

21

- 1

- 3

22
21
1

28.68
27.5
1.18

123

13

22

444
388
56

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Institution Building
• University Management
• Other

50%
37.5
12.5%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

23 For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

- 41 -

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Slovenia24

Tempus I

Tempus II

1992-1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

National indicative programme
Regional funds
Other Phare sources

2. Projects:
Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of institutions participating in
JEPs

Number of JENs supported

Number of new CMEs per year

Number of IMGs awarded

from Slovenia
to Slovenia

6.57
4.8
0.77
1

44

-

5

217
187
30

2.5
2.5

2.6
2.6

1.25
1.25

1.25
1.25

1.25
1.25

24
5

1

5

81
72
9

12
7

14

5

2

61
61
-

16
4

19

7

2 2

43
40
3

15
5

42

7

3

48
47
1

13
5

14

- 1

- 3

33
32
1

15.42
13.65
0.77
1

70

13

17

483
439
44

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99
• Management and Business
• Applied Sciences and Technologies
• Institution Building
• University Management

20%
20%
20%
40%

1 JENs were discontinued in
1998
2 Projects submitted for the
2nd round of 1996 started
their activities in 1997
3 CMEs were discontinued
in 1998

24 Excluded are details about the projects (IMGs) which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence in 1992. Twenty-four of the

indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year.

- 42 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Armenia

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(1) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.247

1.6 (1)

5

4

1
1

1

0

0 (3)

3
2

1

1 (2)

2.847

0

3
0

3

9

3

4

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• Economics
• University Management
• Applied Economics

33.33%
33.33%
33.33%

Azerbaijan

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

1995

1996

1997

0.143

0.973 (1)

4

0

2
2

0

0

0 (3)

2
0 (4)
0 (4)

1998

1 (2)

Total

2.116

0

2
0

3

4

2

3

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• University Management
• Environmental Sciences

66.67%
33.33%

- 43 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Belarus

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.380

2.1

1.49

1.7 (1)

8

5

4
4

5

6
2

6

8
2

3

0

0 (3)

4
0 (4)

3

1 (2)

6.67

0

4
2

1

24

10

4

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Two projects were selected but only started in 1998.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.
• Law
• Economics
• European Studies and International Relations

33.33%
33.33%
33.33%

Georgia

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.242

0.943 (1)

5

0

3
3

0

0

0 (3)

3
0 (4)
0 (4)

1.4 (2)

2.585

0

3
0

5

5

3

5

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.
• Psychology and Behavioural Sciences
• University Management
• Education and Teacher Training

20%
60%
20%

- 44 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Kazakhstan

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.370

1.999

1.897 (1)

9

6

3
3

4 (2)

4
1 (2)
0 (5)

0

0 (3)

4
0
2 (5)

0

0

3
2 (4)

2

4.266

19

6

2

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Projects started in 1997.
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation
(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• University Management
• Environmental Sciences

50%
50%

Kyrgyzstan

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.09

0.754

1.197 (1)

2

2

1
1

4 (2)

2
1 (2)
0 (5)

0

0 (3)

2
0
1 (5)

0

0

2
1 (4)

1

2.041

8

3

1

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Projects started in 1997.
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation
(5) Project was submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• Economics

100%

- 45 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Moldova

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.23

1.128

0.997 (1)

0

5

4

2
2

0

4
2 (3)

0

0 (2)

4
- (4)

2 (5)

0

0

2
0

2

2.355

9

4

2

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(3) Projects started in 1997.
(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.
(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by JEPs running in 1998
• Economics
• University Management

50%
50%

Mongolia

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.221

1.103 (1)

5

2

1
1

1

0

0 (3)

2
1

1

1.2 (2)

2.524

0

2
0

4

7

2

5

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.
• University Management
• Applied Economics
• Agricultural and Food Sciences
• Education and Teacher Training

25%
25%
25%
25%

- 46 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Russian Federation

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1). Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

2.54

15.37

11.552

8.0

8.0

57

39

20
20

37

36
16

29

45
9

10

0 (1)

41
16

10

13

0

42
17

15

58.46

162

78

25

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• History
• Law
• Economics
• University Management
• Applied Economics
• Medical Sciences
• Engineering and Technology
• Environmental Sciences

3.13%
12.5%
28.13%
34.38%
3.13%
6.25%
3.13%
9.38%

Turkmenistan

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.600 (1)

4 (2)

0

0 (3)

0

0

0

0

3
3 (4)

0

0.6

4

3

0

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Projects started in 1997.
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.
(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.
• Applied Economics
• Tourism and Leisure
• Environmental Sciences

33.33%
33.33%
33.33%

- 47 -

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Ukraine

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.5

3.32

3.83

12

10

4
4

10

9
5

5.0

15

15
6

4

4.0

4.0

20.65

0 (1)

19
8

4

0

20
6

5

47

29

9

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• Law
• Social Sciences
• Economics
• European Studies and International Relations
• University Management
• Environmental Sciences
• Modern European Languages

18.18%
18.18%
9.09%
9.09%
18.18%
18.18%
9.09%

Uzbekistan

1. Budget:
Total Tempus budget (in MECU)

2. Projects:
Number of Pre-JEPs supported

Number of JEPs supported

of which new

Number of CPs supported

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).
(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).
(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Total

0.25

1.185

2.5 (1)

6

4

2
2

3

4
2

3

0

0 (3)

7
3

3

2.2 (2)

6.135

0

7
2

2

13

9

5

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998
• University Management
• Engineering and Technology
• Education and Teacher Training

50%
25%
25%

- 48 -

Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

The Tempus projects listed in this annex are representative of the quantitative and qualitative impact of
Tempus in the partner countries. Please note that the descriptions were written during 1998/99.
Tempus Phare

Joint European Project 9532 - 95
(Bulgaria)

Project data:

Title: BULGAMIN

Objective: Restructuring of ‘the Intercultural dialogue programme’ and development of a ‘Geopolitics
and ethnicity programme’ both as specialisation at graduate level at the University of Sofia. Development
of interdisciplinary courses at undergraduate and graduate level for the Centre for Interethnic Relations at
the Higher Pedagogical Institute ‘Konstantin Preslavski’ in Shoumen and development of continuing
education courses for civil servants and representatives of minority organisations at the International
Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations in Sofia.

Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, BG (co-ordinating institution)

Partners:
•
• Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL (contracting institution)
•
• Konstantin Preslavski University of Shoumen, Shoumen, BG
• Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, I
• Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay aux Roses, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F

International Centre for Minorities Studies and Intercultural Relations, Sofia, BG

Countries involved in the project:
• Bulgaria
• The Netherlands
•
•

Italy
France

Duration:
3 years (1/9/1995 - 31/08/1998)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:
Results: the planned interdisciplinary courses in the intercultural programme have been developed, some
of which are in French and English. Students have been to EU countries and are now ready to give the
courses as well. A computer network has been established to help the teaching of the courses within the
University of Sofia.
Innovative aspects: Dealing with minorities. The Bulgarian teaching staff has given lectures in Paris and
Bologna. Some of the courses are being developed in foreign languages. Student mobility served to help
with the development of teaching material (translation and adaptation to EU standards).

Quantitative aspects:
Dissemination achieved: some discussions with experts in Bulgaria have taken place (coming from,
among others, Association for Regional Development in Smolian and Centre for Territorial planning in
Sofia).

Information:
Teaching material.

- 49 -

Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 11503-96
(Poland)

Project data:

Title: Academic Credit transfer for Polish Universities

Objective: Establishment of a credit transfer system among the 22 partner universities of the project ACT
(Academic Transfer for Polish Universities), based on ECTS, that will be implemented at the majority of
Faculties at the Technical University of Wroclaw from the beginning of the third project year.

Partners:
• Technical University of Wroclaw, PL (co-ordinating and contracting institution)
• Universidad de Granada, E
• Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, NL
• Technische Universiteit Delft, NL
• Katholieke Hogeschool Kempen Geel, B
• Karel de Grote-Hogeschool – Katholieke Hogeschool Antwerpen, B
• Horsens Tekniske Skole, DK
• Københavns Universitet, DK
• Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille I, F
• Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy, F
• University of Oulu, SF
• Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, D
• Technische Universität München, D
• National University of Ireland, Galway, IRL
• University of Bristol, UK
• Kingston University, UK
• University of Greenwich, UK
• Nottingham Trent University, UK
• University of Humberside, Grimsby, UK
• Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
• University of Paisley, UK
• Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
University of Glamorgan, UK

Countries involved in the project:
• Poland
• Spain
• Netherlands
• Belgium
• Denmark
• France
• Finland
• Germany
• Ireland
• United Kingdom

Duration:
3 years (1/9/1996 - 31/08/1999)

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 11503-96
(Poland)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:
The project is in its third year, the year in which the credit transfer system developed in the first two years
will be implemented for the first time.
A number of courses have been internationalised, and can now be delivered in English or in German.
These courses are included in the study programmes and are fully equivalent with those delivered by the
other EU universities.
A uniform credit system based on ECTS was developed and credits were allocated to all subjects and
courses of all the Faculties at the Technical University of Wroclaw. This credit system will be approved at
university level, with a view to a possible future extension to the other Technical Universities in Poland.
The new credit transfer system enables the exchange of students both internally, among the different
Faculties within the Technical University of Wroclaw, and internationally, among the 22 ACT project
partners.
Regarding the management of this project, the decision-making process takes place in Wroclaw. Each
year a General Meeting of the partners is organised, and the demands from partners are always taken in
consideration and satisfied.

Quantitative aspects:
In order to provide indicative data on the magnitude of the project, 72 students from the project partners
were granted an ACT scholarship to take courses at partner universities in the second project year
(1997/98). In the third year, it is expected to have an even larger number of students undertaking mobility.

Information:
Information materials about the project and the Technical University of Wroclaw were prepared, and a
final version of the Information Package was elaborated for all the Faculties. An additional publication
available is the leaflet “Credits at the Faculties”. In the web page of the Technical University of Wroclaw,
extensive information on the project is also available.

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 11144-96
(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

Project data:

Title: Internationalisation of Study programmes in the four Baltic States Technical universities.

Objective: Creation/restructuring and internalisation of a technical bachelor study programme, specific to
each of the four participating Baltic States universities (Chemical technology in Tallinn, Energetics in
Riga, Electromechanics in Kaunas and Civil Engineering in Vilnius). Development of 50% of courses in
foreign languages, allowing the use of a credit transfer system between the institutions of the EU and of
the Baltic States, in view of the opening of the Socrates programme to the East. Implementation of a
language teaching service and a service for International Relations in each of the institutions.

Partners:
• Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn, EE
• Riga Technical University, Riga, LV
• Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, LT
• Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, LT
• Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, IRL
• Helsinki Institute of Technology, Helsinki, SF
• Odense Tekniske Skole, Odense, DK
• Fachhochschule Kiel, Kiel, D
• IUT de Béthune, F (co-ordinating and contracting institution)
• Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S

Countries involved in the project:
• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Ireland
• Finland
• Denmark
• Germany
• Sweden

Duration:
3 years (1/9/1996 - 31/08/1999)

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 11144-96
(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:
Results: Vilnius Technical University offers a B.Sc. course in Civil Engineering in English. Some courses
of the second study year are available in French. The modules are open as optional courses to other
faculties from 1998/99. The plan of enrolment for 1998/99 was 20 students for the English language
stream and 10 students for the French language stream.
Kaunas University of Technology is offering a B.Sc. in electromechanics in these English, French
German and Russian.
In Riga a B.Sc. in energetics is developed in English. The aim is to offer 20 or slightly more of the total of
40 courses of this curriculum in English. Given that the first year functions as a common foundation year
for all engineering students, the courses delivered in English are available to all the students.
In Tallinn, a curriculum in chemical and environmental technology has been developed; 31 out of
58 subjects are taught in English.
All four universities have now language laboratories with 12 working places each. In all universities
English for special purposes is being taught.
Innovative aspects: The demand on the labour market for students who have completed the course in a
foreign language is very high.
Comparison tables for credit transfers have been made for all participating universities. Student mobility
is being handled following the Socrates/Erasmus model. It is to be pointed out that credit comparison
tables between the Baltic universities have been established, thus envisaging the application of ECTS
between Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius and Kaunas.
Dynamics of cooperation: Co-operation between the four universities is based on the existing cooperation
network of the Baltic technical universities. In this project, exchange of teaching material and course
syllabi is envisaged with a further view to cooperation the respective subject areas. This will widen the
fields of active cooperation. Each university is represented in a subject of particular excellence, which is
the basis for mutual interest in cooperation in the respective fields.

Quantitative aspects – Dissemination:
One of the aims of dissemination is to increase support for the development of courses in foreign
languages.
At the participating Lithuanian and Latvia universities dissemination committees, appointed by the
rectors, are functioning. As a result, Vilnius Technical University made available 12,500 USD for the
development of further degree courses in foreign languages. At Kaunas University of Technology 60 PhD
students have been recruited to teach at the International Studies Centre. The university is also actively
looking for emigrant Lithuanians with a view to attract them back to their home country and employ them
specifically for teaching duties on courses taught in foreign languages.

Information:
An information leaflet is published and at Kaunas University of Technology a homepage with the
complete programme and course description in 5 languages, has been developed.

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Tempus Tacis

Project data:

Title: KAZTOUR

Joint European Project 10028 - 95
(Kazakhstan)

Objective: Restructuring of the International Tourism curriculum at the Faculty of International relations
at the kazakh State University of World Languages in Almaty into a multi-disciplinary International
Tourism Management curriculum at graduate and postgraduate level.

Partners:
• Kazakh State University of World Lanaguages, Almaty, KAZ
• Vrije Universiteit Brussels, B (co-ordinating and contracting institution)
• Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, E

Countries involved in the project:
• Kazakhstan
• Belgium
• Spain

Duration:
01/09/1995 - 31/08/1998

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 10028 - 95
(Kazakhstan)

Project description:

Objectives:
• Modernise existing courses and introduce new courses in the field of tourism which meet international

standards

• Adoption of a multi-level education system ( Bachelor and Degree level courses )
• Introduction of new educational methods and information technology
• Train specialists in tourism on both a micro and macro level
• Establish co-operation with other institutes and authorities in Kazakhstan and abroad

Qualitative impact:
Results
• 18 new courses have been created covering ; Geography of Travel and Tourism, Foundations of
Tourism, Tourism Law, Foundations of Enterprise Dynamics, Foundations of Accountancy, Business
Skills, Tourist Behaviour, General Economics, Business Research and Methodology, Entreprise
Project, Introduction to Management, Marketing Principles, Business Mathematics, or Business Law
Licensing. Foreign language courses and applications of software to tourism business are also
included.

• Curriculum now comprises 6 basic courses and 7 compulsory core courses for the 1st year and 6 basic

courses and 9 compulsory core courses for the 2nd year.

• Introduction and use of software products related to tourism within the new curricula.
• Introduction of a new evaluation for courses studied using the modular system.
• Introduction of a multi-level system with a 4 year Bachelor Degree followed by a 2 year Master

degree in accordance with the country’s new law on higher education.

• Creation of the Educational Centre of World Languages of Kazakh State, registered as a non-profit
centre. The centre provides up-to-date training on tourism for enterprises and classes in applied
foreign languages (marketing, tourism, advertising etc.)

Innovative aspects
• Use of representatives of the Ministry of Tourism as trainers for some of the new courses in addition
to the permanent teaching staff of Kasuwl - this adds a highly practical element to the new courses.

• Modularisation of existing and new courses and the introduction of a related evaluation system.
Dynamics of cooperation
• There was considerable support for the project from the Ministry of Education who requested close
collaboration between the different establishments in charge of the development of Tourism courses
within Kazakhstan.

• The Rector of the Kazakh coordinating university is a powerful figure and has been able to maintain
and encourage strong links between all EU and Kazakh partners throughout the life of the project.

Quantitative aspects:
Dissemination
• This project involves 3 other local HE institutions; The Kazakh International University, the Almaty
State University and the Academy of Management and the Ministry of Tourism. The three institutes
are involved in training activities in the field of Tourism as part of the project.

• The new Educational Centre of World Languages of Kazakh State disseminates information on

tourism and related training to over 19 regions within Kazakhstan.

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Joint European Project 10216-96
(Russian Federation)

Project data:

Title: Developing Perm Institute’s Provision for SEN Teacher Training

Objective: To develop the capacity of Perm Pedagogical Institute on providing a continuum of teacher
training for special educational needs in the region.

Partners:
• Perm State Pedagogical Institute, RF
• University of Oxford, UK (co-ordinating and contracting institution)
• Universiteit van Amsterdam, NL

Countries involved in the project:
• Russian Federation
• United Kingdom
• The Netherlands

Duration:
3 years (1/01/97 - 31/12/99)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:
Results
• The analysis of service needs and the potential of PSPU to respond in terms of curriculum

development, training and restructuring has been completed.

• Pilot schools have been well selected and have the potential to be good models for others to follow.
Each school represents a different approach to the methodology which underpins SEN and they are
representative of local needs.

• A new team of 12 cross-faculty university lecturers and 30 teachers trained. Courses and seminars on
“Social Teacher-Defectologist”; “Training of Speech Therapists”; “Speech Therapists”; “Correction of
carriage disorders and flat-foetidness” and “The complex rehabilitation of SEN children” have either
been completed.

• A new SEN faculty working in a restructured PSPU. The Institute for Continuing Education, within
PSPU, co-operates with municipal and regional administrations in providing teacher in-service
training that is funded by local administrations.

• A new equipped development centre with an active network.
• An updated range of SEN programmes that have been implemented and positively evaluated. The
postgraduate diploma in higher education will follow Russian standards in order to obtain Federal
licensing and accreditation.

Innovative aspects:
• The project is introducing fundamental changes into the philosophy underlying the treatment of
children with SEN. This represents a significant shift away from a medical isolationist approach to
teacher training and education delivery and towards a psychological and pedagogical approach of
integration. The philosophy is based on EU traditions and was developed during pre-project academic
exchanges. This enabled common understanding and good relations to be established at an early stage.

Dynamics of cooperation
• A joint management group and extended working groups have been developed with appropriate

representation from PSPU, municipal and regional education and voluntary organisations.

Quantitative aspects:
Dissemination
• The project works in close cooperation with the municipal administration, which has provided funding
for teacher re-training in SEN for 22 teachers on the 9 month crash course and has intentions to
continue support in the future. Furthermore the project liaises with the regional educational and social
services, schools and voluntary organisations.

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Annex 4 – Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

Compact Project CP-20096-98
(Ukraine)

Project data:

Title: Disseminating Social Work and Social Policy in Ukraine

Objective: To establish national training programmes for educators and researchers in social work and
social policy. To use distance learning as a vehicle for training.

Partners
• National University,”Kiev Mohyla Academy” Kiev, UKR
• Anglia Polytechnic University, UK (co-ordinating and contracting institution)
• Universidaded do Porto, P

Countries involved in the project
• Ukraine
• Great Britain
• Portugal

Duration:
3 years (01/01/1997 - 31/12/1999)

Project description:

Overall objective:
To disseminate Social work and Social Policy in the UKR by building on the successful implementation
of the previous T_JEP 8562-94 in which among other things, an MSc in Social Work and a Certificate in
Social Work were established.

Qualitative and quantitative impact:
• Training of trainers (educators and researchers) in order to establish a self-sustainable network of

Ukrainian educators.

• Creation of a 1 -year modular course in Social work for educators
• Creation of a 1 -year modular course in Social work for researchers
• Organisation of a 3 day conference for Directors Social Work Education programmes in UKR
• End of Year 2 - national conference for dissemination on Social Work & Social Policy
• Preparation and publication of workbooks (suitable for distance learning) - also to be available on

Internet

• Regular dissemination of project information to regions (Kiev/Chenigiv, Dnipropetrovsk)
• Creation of a learning Resource Centre for national dissemination of information on social work
Innovative aspects
• The UKR partner is has been involved in the creation of a database on social work issues funded by

Tacis.

• Workbooks for distance learning will be made available on the Internet
Dynamics of cooperation
• The current CP project partners are the same as those of the completed T-JEP 8562. The consortium
enjoys a strong, productive partnership. The EU partners have enormous experience in this field and a
thorough knowledge of Ukrainian needs due to previous co-operation.

• As a result of the T-JEP 8562, a Department of Social Work and Social Policy has been created at the

Kiev Mohyla Academy (KMA)

• There is active support from the Ministry of Social Protection who has taken the necessary steps to

create a new lectureship in Social Policy at KMA.

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