Fourth communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Articles 4 and 5 of Directive 89/552/EEC "Television without frontiers" for the period 1997-8
Date: 2000-07-17
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: European television, approximation of laws, audiovisual communications policy, broadcasting, member country

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 17.07.2000
COM(2000) 442 final

FOURTH COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION
TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

on the application of Articles 4 and 5 of Directive 89/552/EEC
"Television without Frontiers" for the period 1997-8

Introduction

CONTENTS

I.

Commission's opinion on the application of Articles 4 and 5 for the
period 1997-1998

1. Application by EU Member States

1.1. Broadcasting of a majority proportion of European works.

1.2. Works by independent producers

2. Application by the Member States of the European Free Trade Area
participating in the European Economic Area

II.

Summary of reports from Member States

III.

Summary of reports from the Member States of the European
Free Trade Area that are part of the European Economic Area

IV. ANNEXES

Annex 1 : Document "Suggested new guidelines for monitoring application of
Articles 4 and 5 of the "Television without frontiers" Directive

Annex 2 : List of European television channels, by country,
not achieving the target for the proportion of European works
and independent productions

Annex 3: Parameters used to calculate the weighted averages of broadcasts
of European works by the channels of the European Union with a major
audience.

3

4

4

4

9

11

12

61

65

66

71

77

2

INTRODUCTION

This is the fourth Commission monitoring report on the application of Articles 4 and 5 of
Directive 89/552/EEC1 as amended by Directive 97/36/EC2, for the years 1997 and 1998. It was
drawn up on the basis of the reports sent in by the Member States concerning the application of
Articles 4 and 5 over the reference period. As required by Article 4(3) of the Directive, the
Commission informed the Member States of all these reports at the meeting of the Contact
Committee held on 9 November 1999. The Commission will continue to monitor the application
of Articles 4 and 5 in collaboration with the Contact Committee so that,
the
development of the audiovisual sector can be taken into account when the next implementation
report is drawn up.

inter alia,

The “Television Without Frontiers” Directive provides the legal reference framework for the
pursuit of television broadcasting activities in the European Union, based on the coordination of
certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in the Member States.

This Communication consists of three Chapters and three Annexes. In Chapter I the Commission
sets out its opinion on the application of Articles 4 and 5 for the reference period, as provided for
in Article 4(3) of the Directive. Chapters II and III contain the summaries of the reports sent in by
the Member States and by those EFTA States that form part of the European Economic Area
(EEA).

The Annexes consist of: (1) the suggested new guidelines for monitoring the application of
Articles 4 and 5 of the Directive, which will be used for drawing up the next monitoring report;
(2) a table showing the channels that failed to achieve the target for European works and/or
independent productions; (3) the parameters used for calculating the weighted averages of the
broadcasts of European works.

1 Official Journal of the European Communities L 298, 17.10.1989
2 Official Journal of the European Communities L 202, 30.7.1997

3

COMMISSION'S OPINION ON THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLES 4 AND 5

I.
FOR THE PERIOD 1997/1998

1. Application by EU Member States

The Commission's opinion summarises each of the reports submitted by the Member States,
identifies certain general tendencies and highlights in broad terms the differing degrees to which
the Member States have implemented the provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of the Directive. It
follows from these Articles that the Member States have an obligation to take action.

It should first be pointed out that the "Television without Frontiers" Directive allows Member
States to adopt more detailed or more stringent rules, and in fact most Member States have used
this aspect of the Community legislation and have introduced stricter provisions than those
contained in the Directive.

The first general conclusion to be drawn from the Commission's analysis is that the number of
television channels in Europe, and especially in the United Kingdom, increased substantially in
the period 1997/98. The national reports indicate a total of 367 channels, compared with 214 in
1995/96, 162 in 1993/94 and 124 in 1991/92.

As regards the channels' compliance with the rules on the broadcasting of European works and
independent productions, the results indicated by the national reports are generally satisfactory.
The weighted average of European works broadcast by the major channels varies between
approximately 81.7% and 53.3% depending on the country, with the exceptions of Luxembourg
(RTL Tele Lëtzebuerg), 100%, and Portugal, 43%.

The aims of the Directive have broadly been met. The proportion of European works broadcast
has increased between the 1997/98 reference period and the previous reference period, although
certain channels show a slight fall in the proportion of European works and independent
productions in their overall scheduling.

The following summaries present the results of the monitoring exercise for 1997/98 in more
detail.

1.1 Broadcasting of a majority proportion of European works

• In Austria, channels ORF 1 and ORF 2, representing 62.2% of the audience, broadcast

approximately 61.1% of European works during 1998.

ORF 2 is well above the majority quota for European works, while ORF 1 in contrast is still
below the requirement. ORF 1 attributes the drop in the rates of broadcasting of European

4

works during the period 1997/98 to an increase in the number of hours it is on air and a change
in its scheduling.

• In Belgium (French-speaking community), channels RTL-TVI, Club RTL and RTBF 1,
which represent 41.1% of the audience, broadcast approximately 64% of European works
during 1998. It should be pointed out that in the French-speaking part of Belgium the French
channels (TF1, France 2 and France 3) cover a substantial part of the audience.

All the channels comply with Article 4 (RTL-Tvi since 1998). The result is particularly
positive because there has also been an increase in the proportion of European works
broadcast, and this applies to all channels over the whole reference period.

• As regards Belgium (German-speaking community), no report was submitted.

• In Belgium (Flemish-speaking community), channels TV1, TV2, VTM and Kanaal 2, which
represent 64.8% of the audience, broadcast approximately 60.4% of European works in 1998.

More particularly, three channels comply with Article 4, although in one case, TV1, the
percentage of European works has fallen compared with during the previous reference period.
the broadcasting quota for European works. Two of these
Three channels fail to meet
(CANAL+ 1 and 2) attribute this to their being special-interest film channels; as for the third
(Kanaal 2), its proportion of broadcasts of European works has fallen compared with during
the previous reference period. There are no data for 1998 for TV2 and CANAL+ Super Sport.
However, in 1997 these two channels were well above the quota set by the Directive.

• In Germany, channels ARD, ZDF, Kabel 1, Pro Sieben, RTL, RTL 2, SAT 1, Super RTL and
VOX, representing 90.8% of the audience, broadcast approximately 70% of European works
during 1998.

Of a total of 25 channels mentioned in the report, 14 comply with Article 4. Of the 17
channels for which full data exist for the periods 1995-96 and 1997-98, 8 have increased their
proportion of European broadcasts compared with in the previous period, 6 have decreased
and 3 have remained unchanged.

The following channels did not meet the majority broadcasting requirement for European
works: Discovery Channel (1997), DF 1 (1997/98), KABEL 1 (1997/98), Premiere (1997/98),
Pro Sieben (1997/98), RTL2-(1997/98), Super RTL (1997/98), TM3 – Fernsehen für Frauen
(1997/98), VIVA 2 (1997/98), VOX (1998). Explanations included the newness of the
channel, the special-interest nature of the channel, or the structure of the channel.

• In Denmark, channels DR 1 and TV 2, which represent 68.3% of the audience, broadcast

approximately 73.3% of European works during 1998.

5

Four of the seven channels surveyed easily comply with the provisions of the Directive and
the general trend is towards a higher proportion of European works. However, TV Danmark
did not meet the quota and the comments by the Member State suggest that penalties might be
imposed. Erotica Rendez-Vous did not meet the quota in 1997, and TV Bio did not meet the
quota either in 1997 or 1998, although it did broadcast 50% of European works in 1998.

• In Greece, channels ET1, Megachannel, Antenna 1, Sky and Star, which represent 79.1% of

the audience, broadcast approximately 62.6% of European works during 1998.

All the channels in the 1995/96 report complied with the rules regarding the majority quota of
European works and the percentages increased in nearly every case in 1997/98 compared with
the previous period. Star Channel, after having fallen below 50% of European works in 1997,
rose above this figure in 1998.

• In Spain channels TVE 1, TVE 2, Antena 3 and Tele 5, which represent 77.5% of the

audience, broadcast approximately 53.3% of European works in 1998.

All channels comply with Article 4 for the two reference years, with the exceptions of Tele 5
and Antena 3 (only for 1997), whose proportions of European broadcasts did nevertheless rise.
Of a total of 13 channels, 7 increased the proportion of European works broadcast, 3 decreased
and 3 remained substantially unchanged.

• In France, channels TF 1, France 2, France 3, Canal + and M6, which represent 92.6% of the

audience, broadcast approximately 69.2% of European works in 1998.

The terrestrial channels and most of the cable channels comply with the Directive. However,
several cable channels do not meet the requirement to broadcast a majority proportion of
European works (11 in 1997 and 9 in 1998). Explanations given for this include the relative
newness and special-interest nature of certain channels.

• In Ireland channels RTE1 and Network 2, which represent 53% of the audience, broadcast
approximately 81.7% of European works in 1998. Ireland continues to comply easily with the
provisions of the Directive.

• In Italy, channels RAI Uno, Rai Due, Rai Tre, Canale 5, Italia 1, Rete 4 and TMC, which
represent 92.2% of the audience, broadcast approximately 68.2% of European works in 1998.

Four of the major channels among the 11 surveyed comply with Article 4, and the percentage
of European works broadcast is generally increasing (the exception being Canale 5, where the
percentage fell slightly compared with in 1995/96.). This improvement also applies to those
channels which do not comply with Article 4 (Italia Uno and Retequattro).

Most of the data for the new channels are missing, and those new channels which were

6

surveyed do not meet the required quota for broadcasts of European works. The report
furnished by the Member State explains that this failing is due in part to the delay in
implementing Directive 97/36/EC. With so much information lacking, it is not possible to
evaluate in any depth the situation regarding Italy's smaller channels.

• In Luxembourg, RTL Tele Lëtzebuerg, which represents 58.32% of the audience during peak
1998.

100% of European works

broadcast

viewing

during

hours,

1997

and

As regards the channels also broadcasting in other Member States, it should be noted that RTL
5 has substantially increased its percentage of transmission time of European works since the
last report. RTL-TVi achieved compliance in 1998 and Club RTL in 1997. However, five
channels failed to reserve a majority proportion of their transmission time for European works
in the reference period [RTL5 (1997/98), RTL Tvi (1997), RTL 9 (1998), RTL9 SAT in 1998
and RTL7 (1997/98)]. RTL9's results suffered from the channel's restructuring between 1997
and 1998. RTL7 began broadcasting in December 1996 ; however,
it reserved a lower
proportion of its time for European works than during the previous reference period.

• In the Netherlands, channels NED 1, TV2, NED 3, Veronica and SBS 6, which represent
54.2% of the audience, broadcast approximately 76.3% of European works during 1998.

Most of the channels surveyed (7 out of 11) comply with Article 4. Certain channels have
slightly increased the proportion of their broadcasting time devoted to European works, while
others have remained stable. SBS 6 (sports), TV10/Fox (recent restructuring) and Canal + 1
and 2 (pay channels) still fall below the required quota. The Commissariaat voor de Media
(Media Authority) recently commenced proceedings against SBS6 and TV10 for failure to
comply with the required percentage of European works specified in Article 52k of the Dutch
Media Decree.

• In Portugal, channels RTP1, RTP2, SIC and TVI, which between them cover the whole
audience, broadcast approximately 43.4% of European works in 1998. While channels RTP1,
RTP2 and RTPI (the international channel) comply with the Directive, SIC and TVI still fall
below the quota requirement.

• In Finland, channels MTV3, TV1, TV2 and Nelonen, which represent 95% of the audience,
broadcast approximately 64.2% of European works in 1998. In general, Finland complies with
the Directive. The Nelonen channel managed to devote 50% of its broadcasting time to
European works in 1997/98.

• In Sweden, channels SVT-1, SVT-2 and TV4, which represent 75.6% of the audience,

broadcast approximately 74.2% of European works in 1998.

Channels ZTV, TV8, SVT1, SVT2, UR, TV4 easily meet the required majority quota for
European works, but five other channels fail to do so. This was the same situation in the last

7

report. Canal + and Canal + Gul have doubled their percentages of broadcasts of European
works but still fall well below the required majority proportion. TV 1000, Cinema and 6 have
hardly progressed at all since the last reference period.

• In the United Kingdom, channels BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5, which

represent 86.8% of the audience, broadcast approximately 68.2% of European works in 1998.

Compared with the previous reporting period, 26 channels have increased their percentage of
broadcasts of European works, 14 have remained substantially unchanged, and 19 have seen a
reduction. 37 channels fall below the quota for European works specified in the Directive.

The number of channels has rocketed (from 80 to 179). No data are available for most of these
new channels ( explanations include: very new channel, special-interest programming, use of
non-Community languages, subsidiary of a company from a non-member State).

General remarks:

Most channels failing to meet the quota laid down in the Directive gave one or more of the
following reasons:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Newness of the channel, restructuring of an existing channel, or increase in the channel's
scheduling. Adopting a purely economic analysis, channels in these circumstances choose
inexpensive programmes that are available immediately, and these tend to be non-
European.

Special-interest nature of the channel. Faced with financial constraints, European
production has problems in developing works of a specialist nature, the costs involved
often being higher than those for similar works produced by non-member countries.

The statistics for specialist music channels are particularly difficult to compile, since it is
virtually impossible to determine the origin of a music clip.

Film channels. Their schedules are built around big-budget films, and it tends to be
difficult to find European films of this nature.

Subsidiaries of companies from non-Member States. The parent company decides on the
scheduling and normally uses its own stocks.

(6)

Delay in implementing the Directive.

The first two of these arguments have to do primarily with economics. Consequently, even if the
Member States do not take any measures in the short term, the channels concerned should rapidly
become capable of complying with the Directive. In contrast, the third, fourth and fifth arguments

8

show that the Member States need to ensure that more thorough monitoring takes place in order
to try to improve the present situation.

1.2 Works by independent producers

As regards compliance with Article 5, concerning independent productions, the results in the
national reports are broadly satisfactory.

• In Austria all channels comply with the requirements of Article 5 of the Directive. Channels
ORF 1 and ORF2 have actually increased the percentage of European works by independent
producers during the reference period.

• In Belgium, the French-speaking community amply complies with the Directive's provisions.
In the Flemish-speaking community the proportion of independent productions broadcast by
TV1 and TV2 has fallen over the reference period, while the proportion has risen for the other
channels, especially CANAL + 1 and 2. There were no broadcasters in the German-speaking
community for the reference period.

• In Germany,

the channels broadly meet

the criteria. However, Phoenix (1997/98),
their
MultiThématiques (1997/98), VIVA (1997/98) and VIVA 2 (1997/98), argue that
structures prevent them from meeting the requirements of Article 5. To some extent, the poor
results achieved by these channels are made up for by the improved results achieved by other
channels.
In fact several channels' output consists of 100% independent productions
(Discovery Channel, DSF, ONYX MUSIC TELEVISION, Premiere, SAT 1, Super RTL and
TM3).

• Denmark's results are satisfactory, all channels meeting the Directive's criteria. Erotica
Rendez-Vous's output of independent productions rose from 0.5% in 1996 to 100% in 1997
and 1998, while the percentages for DR1, DR2 and DK4 fell.

• Greece has improved its proportion of independent productions, quite substantially in the case
of ET1, ET2 and TV Makedonia (the first two having climbed to about 20%, the third to
100%). All channels with the exception of ANT1 in 1998 comply with Article 5.

• In Spain, most channels comply with Article 5 of the Directive and have increased their
percentages since the 1995/96 period. However, CST, ETB1 and TVG have fallen below the
10% target for independent productions, even though they were achieving this figure in the
previous reference period. TV3 still does not comply but has managed to increase its
percentage (from 2.2% to 9.2%).

9

• In France, all channels exceed the required 10% of independent productions. The example of
La Cinquième, a terrestrial channel, is particularly notable, the figure having fallen from 72%
in 1995 to 15% in 1997 and risen back up to 20.5% in 1998. Cable channels, however, are
showing an upward trend.

• Ireland continues to meet the Directive's requirements easily.

• Italy has submitted only fragmentary information on independent productions. In the case of
those channels for which data were provided the percentage of independent productions
broadly meets the quota specified in the Directive, but the trend is downwards.

• Luxembourg amply meets the Directive's requirements. Four channels (RTL5, RTL
Télévision, RTL Tvi and Club RTL) have increased their percentage of independent
productions and three channels (RTL4, RTL9 and RTL7) have seen their percentage fall since
the previous reference period.

• The Netherlands complies with the Directive. All channels have increased their percentage of
independent productions. In the case of Canal + Nederland this increase has been particularly
notable (from 17% in 1996 to 100% in 1997/98).

• In Portugal, all channels meet the quota for independent productions. However, in their report
the Portuguese authorities draw attention to the problem of the fragility of national production
in the face of the strong competition from productions of Brazilian origin. Three channels
(RTP1, RTP2 and TV1) have increased their proportion and two others (RTPI and SIC) have
fallen compared with the 1995/96 reference period.

• Four channels in Finland meet the Directive's requirements, even though the figures show a

general downward trend over the reference period.

• In Sweden, in general, the channels which provided data meet the Directive's requirements.
However, three channels (ZTV, STV1 and STV2) have seen their percentage of independent
productions fall, and only one channel (TV4) has shown an increase compared with the
1995/96 reference period.

• In the United Kingdom there are numerous channels that meet the 10% quota for independent
productions, but data for 53 channels are missing from the report. 20 channels fall below the
quota. Compared with the 1995/96 reference period, 33 channels show an increase in the
proportion of independent productions broadcast and 16 channels show a fall. In the national
report, 27 channels are deemed to be exempt from the obligation to submit their figures.

Generally speaking, the data submitted by the Member States are appropriate and adequate.
However, in some cases the absence of data is not justified.

10

2. Application by the Member States of the European Free Trade Area participating in the
European Economic Area

This report provides data for Iceland and Norway for the second time. Liechtenstein did not
submit a report as it has no broadcasters under its jurisdiction.

• In Iceland the percentages of European works broadcast have hardly changed over the
reference period: RUV amply meets the majority requirement, while Channel 2 does not. RUV
also amply meets the quota for independent productions. The corresponding data for Channel
2 were not submitted.

• In Norway, NRK AS and NRK2 have posted satisfactory results regarding the broadcasting of
European works, while the figures for TV2 AS and TVNORGE AS have fallen as a result of a
new programming policy, the acquisition and production of works now being shared by the
two channels.

The proportion of independent productions broadcast by TV2 AS and TVNORGE AS is up.
The figures for NRK AS and NRK2 are poorer, having dropped respectively from 57% to 11%
and from 78% to 8%. This last figure is below the quota indicated in the Directive.

11

II. - SUMMARY OF REPORTS FROM MEMBER STATES

Key :

"NR" : not reported.

"-" : channel not in operation over the period in question.

12

AUSTRIA

A)Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Methods

3

Calendar years 1997 and 1998

2. Proportions (%)

Channel

Broadcaster

European works
(EW)

Independent
producers (IP)

Recent works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

ORF 1....h

ORF

2720

2320

1651

1304

811

569

...............%

36.6

32.0

22.2

18.0

49.1

43.6

ORF 2...h

ORF

6362

7101

1644

1678

754

608

...............%

86.7

83.3

22.4

19.7

45.9

36.2

ORFtotal...h

9082

9421

3295

2982

1565

1177

.......................%

61.5

59.8

22.3

18.9

47.5

39.5

RTVServicesAG

1942h

2015h

2585h

%

78

41.5

75

13

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

The explanation for the difference compared with 1995 is that the ORF introduced a completely
new schedule from 6 March 1995, with ORF 1 as the film and series channel and ORF as the
alternative “Austria” channel. Another result of this change was that ORF’s total air time was
extended from 34 to 48 hours (2 x 24) daily. To fill in the previous night-time gaps, use was
made primarily of existing licences for films. As the licences were due to expire shortly, the
programme planners sought to use them while they could.

2. Independent producers
-

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

It is anticipated that the proportion of European works will rise in future, especially because the
acceptance of German productions in particular is now greater than used to be the case, with the
result that these and comparable works will account for a larger proportion of broadcasting in the
coming years. ORF has already stepped up its co-production efforts with German partners in
particular — both public and private TV broadcasters (e.g. the “Medicopter” series with RTL,
and the series “Kommissar Rex“ with SAT 1). The proportion of European works is thus
expected to rise in ORF 1 by the next reference period 1999/2000.

D) Further comments

The above data relate to the broadcasting of the television channels run by Österreichischer
Rundfunk (ORF) and the channel operated by the satellite broadcaster Regional-TV Services AG.
The latter is a private television broadcaster approved by the Privatrundfunkbehörde (private
broadcasting authority), which began broadcasting via satellite from 1 August 1998 (so only the
period from 1.8.1998 to 31.12.1998 is relevant).

Apart from the broadcasters mentioned, others also operate channels in local cable networks. As
these broadcasts address local audiences, and are not part of a national TV network, the
broadcasters concerned are not covered by this report under Article 9 of the Directive.

14

BELGIUM

The Commission received two reports, one from Belgium's French-speaking Community (FrC)
and one from the Flemish-speaking Community (FlC). No report was received from the German-
speaking Community (Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft, DSG) or the Federal Belgian State,
neither of which has under their jurisdiction a broadcaster required to meet European works
quotas.

FRENCH-SPEAKING COMMUNITY

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

5

Calendar years

Survey for CANAL+, sampling for
RTBF and RTL-TVi

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent
(RW)

works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

LA UNE

RTBF

LA DEUX

RTBF

83

96

81

95

38

39

31

45

38

39

31

45

RTL-Tvi

RTL-TVi

46.51

51.79

22.83

29.68

19.49

21.37

CLUB

RTL-TVi

53.39

54.25

34.96

26.52

14.45

4.09

CANAL +

CANAL +

50.64

55.70

30.32

32.30

-

-

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

Not reported for RTL-Tvi in 1997.

15

2. Independent producers

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Not applicable since 1998, in which year the quotas were met in full.

D) Further comments

Not reported.

16

FLEMISH-SPEAKING COMMUNITY

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

8

Calendar years

for
Survey, except
channels in 1998,
sampling was used

the VRT
for which

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European works
(EW)

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent
(RW)

works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

59.83

60.74

3.73

5.19

64.30

92.82

71.29

-

5.05

-

24.21

-

67.12

61.76

7.13

4.98

24.77

89.94

VRT (formerly
BRTN )

VRT (formerly
BRTN )

VRT (formerly
BRTN )

TV1

TV2

CANVAS/

KETNET

VTM

VMM (formerly
VTM )

64

68

KANAAL 2

VMM (formerly
VTM )

20

20

70

81

61

72

61

97

75

90.7

98

80

63

27.3

27.5

54.2

FILMNET
1/CANAL+1-
Groen

CANAL+
TELEVISIE

FILMNET2/CAN
AL+2-Blauw

CANAL+
TELEVISIE

CANAL+
SUPER-SPORT

CANAL+
TELEVISIE

16.8

42

89.5

48

92.3

76

62.2

-

16

-

100

-

17

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

The nature of the programming of CANAL+ TELEVISIE, whose two existing channels
essentially broadcast films, prevents them from meeting the quotas. However, the Flemish
Community stresses that there was an increase in the proportion of European productions from
1997 to 1998.

2. Independent productions

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

With regard to VMM, the Flemish Community notes an increase in the proportions from 1997 to
1998. With a 50% average attained by VTM and KANAAL 2, no particular measures need to be
taken.

As regards CANAL + TELEVISIE, whose specific nature has been outlined above, the Flemish
Community does not see the need for any measures.

D) Further comment

The second channel (TV 2) of VRT was split up on 1 December 1997 into CANVAS/KETNET.
The figures for TV2 – CANVAS/KETNET have been given separately for 1997. As of 1998, the
figures given relate only to CANVAS/KETNET.

CANAL+ TELEVISIE has taken over the activities of FILMNET TELEVISION, which had
broadcast FILMNET 1 and FILMNET 2. FILMNET 1 became CANAL+ 1 on 1 August 1997,
and then CANAL+ Groen on 1 April 1998. FILMNET 2 became CANAL+ 2 and then CANAL +
Blauw on the same dates.

SUPERSPORT stopped broadcasting on 1 August 1997.

The Flemish-speaking Community considers it unnecessary to take measures concerning the
percentage of European works broadcast by Vlaamse Mediamaatschappij (VMM).

VMM has two TV channels: VTM and Kanaal 2. VTM is on air twice as long as Kanaal 2 each
day. Taking account of this coefficient, and excluding the airtime devoted to news programmes,
sport, games, advertising, teletext and teleshopping, VMM reaches the target quota for European
works.

18

GERMANY

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

25

Calendar years

Method

Survey

2. Proportions (%)

Channe l s

B r oadc aste r

A.

B.

C.

Eur ope an w or k s

ARD

Phoenix
Kinderkanal
ZDF
3 Sat

ARD-
Rundfunkanstalten
ARD-ZDF
ARD-ZDF
ZDF
ZDF-ORF-SRG-
ARD

Deutsche Welle TV Deutsche Welle
Discovery Channel
DF 1
DSF- Deutsches
Sportfernsehen

DSF Deutsches
Sportfernsehen
GmbH
K1 Fernsehen
GmbH

Sender n-tv
Nachrichtenfernseh
en
GmbH & Co KG
ONYX Television
GmbH

KABEL 1

MultiThématiques
n-tv Der
Nachrichten-

ONYX MUSIC
TELEVISION

Independent
productions

Recent works

(% of B)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

90.2

90.0

43.2

99.72
74.12
83.7
95.7

79
45
31.8
95

99.99
80.63
85.4
96.1

77
61
37.9
95

4.28
21.70
56
33.8

32
100
99
100

41.3

4.73
18.4
46
40.4

33
100
98
100

85.0

85.0

88.06
76.48
75
24.5

82
65
> 21
> 90

99.87
78.64
84
33.1

81
73
> 24.1
> 90

33.67

36.86

24.59

25.98

34.97

35.21

75.25
data not
available

68.75
data not
available

1.91
data not
available

2.19
data not
available

50
data not
available

50
data not
available

59.48

55.34

100

100

data not
available

data not
available

19

Premiere

Premiere Medien
GmbH & Co. KG

Premiere
(Erstausstrahlungen)

ProSieben

RTL

RTL2

SAT.1

Super RTL

TM3 – Fernsehen für
Frauen

VH-1

VIVA

VIVA 2

VOX

ProSieben Media
AG
RTL Deutschland
Fernsehen GmbH
& CoBetriebs KG
RTL 2 Fernsehen
GmbH & CoKG
SAT.1
SatellitenFernsehe
n GmbH
Club
RTL
Fernsehen GmbH
& Co KG
TM3
GmbH & Co KG

Fernsehen

VH-1
Television
GmbH & CoOHG
VIVA Fernsehen
GmbH & Co. KG
VIVA Fernsehen
GmbH & CoKG
VOX Film- und
Fernseh GmbH &
CoKG

37.13

38.20

54.36

56.47

100

100

100

100

99.09

98.81

98.51

99.01

47.67

48.11

37.08

38.64

38.21

38.79

59

42

61

66

35

62

36

43

51

47

36

37

51

39

100

100

52.4

52.92

28.41

32.04

100

100

= 90

= 90

31.69

46.50

100

100

= 7.5

= 10

65

65

65.64

65.99

40

64

40

48

35

3.78

3.92

88

35

4.76

2.19

85

80

80

99.78

99.97

85

90

85

92

*) The percentage of "recent works" is calculated on the basis of European works and not of
independent productions.

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

DF1:

DF 1 is a new channel in its start-up phase and is not yet able to meet the quota requirements.

20

Kabel 1

Because of its programme orientation, Kabel 1 has broadcast only a small proportion of European
works to date, but the percentage is increasing.

Première

Premiere is a pay-TV channel whose quota-relevant proportion is focused on feature films; the
problems mentioned in past reference periods persist. Both the overall percentage of European
works and the percentage of new works (first showings) are increasing; as to the latter, the
proportion of European works is well over 50%

Pro Sieben:

With a growing percentage of European works, this channel missed the 50% target by less than
2%.

RTL2

This channel is owned by one of the newer German broadcasters, who will not be able to meet
the quota requirements until after a phase of economic consolidation.

Super RTL

This channel is owned by one of the newer German broadcasters, who will not be able to meet
the quota requirements until after a phase of economic consolidation.

VIVA2

This channel is owned by one of the newer German broadcasters, who will not be able to meet
the quota requirements until after a phase of economic consolidation.

2. Independent producers

Phoenix

Because of the channel’s structure there is little opportunity to contract out productions.

MultiThématik

Because of the channel’s structure there is little opportunity to contract out productions.

VIVA

Because of the channel’s structure there is little opportunity to contract out productions.

21

VIVA2

Because of the channel’s structure there is little opportunity to contract out productions.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The competent authorities are in permanent dialogue with the broadcasters.

D) Further comments

1. Phoenix

Phoenix’s low quota of independent productions is due to the fact that it is a so-called niche
channel (Spartenkanal): two-thirds of the programme consist of so-called event broadcasts and
discussion programmes, which by their nature are in-house productions and are not
commissioned from independent producers. Besides,
from midnight on – barring a few
exceptions at the weekend – documentaries are not rebroadcast, and this automatically reduces
the quota of independent European productions as a proportion of total broadcasting time.

From 7 April 1997 to 30 October 1997 broadcasts were from 07.30 to 24.00, in other words
approximately 16.5 hours daily. From 1 November 1997 the channel has been broadcasting round
the clock with night-time retransmissions of the discussion programmes and event broadcasts.

2. DSF

Under C (“Recent works”) the quota is given as over 90%, but because of the short quota-
relevant broadcasting time it is difficult to give more precise figures.

3. Kabel 1

Low ratings.

4. n-tv

No data available. This is a news channel.

5.Super RTL

Low ratings.

6. TM3

This channel is a newcomer.

22

7. VH-1 - VIVA - VIVA2

These are music channels (that broadcast around the clock) with over 90% in-house productions.

23

DENMARK

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

7

Calendar years 1997/98

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP))

Recent works (RW))

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

DR 1

DR2

TV 2

DK 4

DR

DR

TV 2

CIAC

80

79

67

81

85

67

100

100

TV BIO

PPVO

DSTV

Eurotica
Rendez-
Vous

TV
Danmark

Broadcast
Danmark

36

0

20

50

62

25

17

15

80

20

100

-

17

15

84

20

100

100

68

77

76

100

15

100

50

70

76

100

1

100

46

54

91

80

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

PPV – TV Bio began broadcasting in November 1996 and reached a figure of more than 50% of
European works in October 1997, thus giving an average of 36% for 1997 as a whole.

DSTV did not achieve the 50% target for European works before 1998 because of the difficulty of
purchasing the rights for European programme material.

24

2. Independent producers

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Ministry for Culture intends to ask the independent Satellite and Cable Authority to look into
TvDanmark’s position with a view to possible penalties.

D) Further comments

The 8 regional channels of TV 2 broadcast 30 minutes to one hour of regional news per day in
TV 2's "windows". The data on these programmes are not included in the total figures.

25

GREECE

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

11

Calendar years 1997/1998

Survey

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent
(RW)

works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

ERT A.E.

80

82

51

60

83

85

86.1

73.6

99.25

18.6

18.71

75.71

58.45

73.34

17.68

16.21

12.31

18

TV

88.71

93.74

11.23

6.25

87.15

72.16

ET1

NET

ET3

ANT1

KANALI 5

ERT A.E.

ERT.A.E.

Antenna
A.E.

Eleftheri
Tileorassi

84

MEGA
CHANNEL

Tiletypos S.A.

63

New
Channel

Seven X

Sky

Neo Kanali

70

Nea
Radiofoniki
Prooptiki A.E.

87.7

Elliniki
Doriforiki
Tileorassi E.E.

56

61

71

70

88

58

11.2

44.95

32

13

57

40

98

26

44.5

51.93

49.98

49.98

100

93

8

11

53

40

94

22

26

Star
Channel

Nea Tileorassi
A.E.

46

52

27.7

28.4

55

TV
Makedonia

Radiotileoptik
es Epihirissis
AE

61.5

66.3

100

100

-

58

-

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

Not reported.

2. Independent producers

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Not reported.

D) Further comments

1. The proportion of time reserved for recent European works by independent producers is
calculated on the basis of the time reserved for European works by independent producers.

2. The Greek TV channels comply with the obligations arising from the "Television without
Frontiers" Directive and in most cases actually broadcast a higher percentage of European works
than that required by the Directive.

27

SPAIN

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

13

Calendar years

Annual check on daily scheduling

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European works
(EW)

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent works
(RW)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

TVE-1

RADIO TELEVISIÓN ESPAÑOLA

53.01

55.7

TVE-2

RADIO TELEVISIÓN ESPAÑOLA

ANTEN
A-3

ANTENA-3 TELEVISIÓN

TELE-5

GESTEVISIÓN TELE-5

66.1

45.1

39.7

CANAL+

SOCIEDAD
SOGECABLE

DE

T.V.

CANAL+

53.9

CST

RADIOTELEVISIÓN ANDALUZA

ETB-1

EUSKAL IRRATI TELEBISTA

ETB-2

EUSKAL IRRATI TELEBISTA

TV3

TELEVISIÓN CATALUÑA

TV33

TELEVISIÓN CATALUÑA

TVG

TELEVISIÓN GALICIA

TVAM TELEVISIÓN MADRID

TVV

RADIOTELEVISIÓN VALENCIANA

72.2

90.4

52.9

58.1

74.3

80.7

58.2

54.4

28

69

51.9

45.2

52.5

68.8

91.6

51.9

58.7

71.1

79.5

68.8

53.2

16

21.7

25

38

42

14.4

6.4

18.4

12.9

12.5

4.3

13.9

11.2

12.4

19.8

30.8

41

42.6

6.6

7.4

15

9.2

15.1

3.6

12.6

12.2

20.8

10.3

16.7

34

80

12.8

5.9

8.6

8.2

8

3.9

9.1

7.8

19.6

10.8

25.1

36

81

4.7

6.8

9.2

7.3

10.1

2.7

8.9

8.4

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

In accordance with the provisions of Directive 89/552/EEC, Spanish legislation allows a process
of gradual harmonisation. No infringements were found.

2. Independent producers

In accordance with the provisions of Directive 89/552/EEC, Spanish legislation allows a process
of gradual harmonisation. No infringements were found.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

If the set quotas are not met, the authorities will institute quarterly checks to require operators to
meet their annual obligations.

D) Further comments

Independent productions: the figures include works commissioned by channels from independent
producers.

29

FRANCE

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

43 in 97, 51 in 98

Calendar years

This report verifies the extent to which, in 1997 and 1998, television broadcasters applied
Article 4 (the proportion of their broadcasting time that they reserve for European works) and
Article 5 (the proportion that they reserve for European works created by independent producers).

In accordance with Article 9 of the Directive, broadcasters broadcasting local
television
programmes that do not form part of the national network were excluded from the scope of
Articles 4 and 5.

This report therefore covers each of the national terrestrial broadcasters operating in the reference
period, viz.: TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal+, La Cinquième and M6, and the 38 cable services
available in 1997 and the 47 such services available in 1998.

30

2. Proportions (%)

a) Terrestrial channels

Channel

A

B

C

European works

Independent productions1

Recent works (% of B)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

TF1

64.2%

65%

15.5%

16.6%

100%

100%

France 2

78.2%

77.3%

18.6%

19.6%

100%

100%

France 3

71.6%

70.7%

19%

20.7%

100%

100%

Canal +

62.1%

62.1%

14.5%

15.3%

100%

100%

La Cinquième

80.9%

82.3%

15%

20.5%

100%

100%

M6

67.6%

66.7%

17.7%

17.7%

100%

100%

All the obligations contained in Articles 4 and 5 have been met.

1 Percentage of independent production evaluated in terms of the turnover of the business.

31

b) Cable channels

Channels

Broadcaster

European works (EW)

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent works among
independent
productions (RW)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

AB1 CHANNEL

ABsat SA

ACTION(c)

ANIMAUX(c)

ABsat SA

ABsat SA

AUTOMOBILE(c)

ABsat SA

CANAL J(c)

Canal J SA

CANAL JIMMY

Canal Jimmy SA

CHASSE ET PECHE

ABsat SA

15%

37%

50%

91%

65%

55%

70%

26%

35%

61%

NR

60%

63%

64%

14%(b)

37%

50%

91%

43%

26%

35%

60%

NR

40%

37%(b)

37%(b)

70%(b)

39%

CINE CINEMAS
CINE CINEMAS II
CINE CINEMAS III

1
-

Ciné-Cinéma Câble SA

52%

60%

67%(b)

70%(b)

62%

47%

50%

47%

55%

60%(c)

51%

62%

66%(b)

64%(b)

34%

38%

33%

34%

/

41%

62%

47%

50%

47%

55%

17%(b)

47%

62%

CINE CLASSICS

Ciné-Cinéma Câble SA

CINE-PALACE(c)

ABsat SA

CINESTAR 1(c)

TPS Cinéma

CINESTAR 2(c)

TPS Cinéma

CINETOILE (c)

TPS Cinéma

COMEDIE !

SECC

DISNEY CHANNEL(c) Disney Channel France SA

ENCYCLOPEDIA(c)

ABsat SA

(b): Budget
(c): Broadcasting time
(1) The channel is devoted to old films (+ 20 years)
/: Channel launched after 1997
NR: Not reported

75%

34%

38%

33%

34%

/

41%

62%

32

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

0

NR

NR

NR

NR

/

NR

NR

1%

4%

58%

NR

65%

NR

34%

NR

0(1)

7%

NR

NR

NR

44%(b)

44%

46%

72%

92%

81%

51%

50%

61%

24%

61%

31%

75%

65%

NR

16%

98%

88%

75%

80%

94%

75%

65%

89%

/

/

10%

/

NR

70%

92%

50%

11%

10%

13%(b)

NR

66%

61%

14%

33%

/

NR

14%

/

80%

53%(b)

28%

31

NR

NR

16%

98%

76%

75%

72%

75%

82%

93%

57%(b)

52%(b)

NR

27%

/

/

NR

/

NR

NR

NR

88%

/

NR

NR

/

19%

NR

NR

NR

NR

61%

42%

NR

21%

NR

75%

NR

52%

6%

89%

NR

NR

NR

40%

21%

NR

45%

NR

NR

ESCALES(c)

FESTIVAL(c)

ABsat SA

France Téléfilms

FORUM PLANETE(b)

Planète Câble SA

FOX KIDS(c)

Fox Kids France

FUN TV(c)

Histoire

Fun TV SNC

Histoire SA

KIOSQUE(c)

Kiosque SNC

LA
HISTOIRE(c)

CHAINE

ABsat SA

MANGAS(c)

ABsat SA

MCM Euromusique(c)

Euromusique SA

MEZZO

France Télémusique

MONTE CARLO TMC Monégasque des ondes

MULTIVISION(c)

Telcarte SA

MUSIQUE
CLASSIQUE

ABsat SA

MUZZIK

Euromusique SA

NOSTALGIE LA TELE ABsat SA

ODYSSEE(c)

Société d’exploitation de
documentaires SA

PARIS PREMIERE(c)

Paris Première SA

PLANETE

Planète Câble SA

(b): Budget
(c): Broadcasting time
/: Channel launched after 1997
NR: Not reported

65%

89%

/

/

60%

/

/

66%

14%

81%

/

NR

14%

/

78%

53%

78%

97%

75%

33

POLAR(c)

RIRE(c)

ROMANCE(c)

ABsat SA

ABsat SA

ABsat SA

SEASONS

Multithématique SA

SERIE CLUB(c)

Extension TV SA

TELETOON(c)

TPS Jeunesse

TEVA(c)

Sedi TV SNC

13ème RUE

Société Universal Studios
Channels France

TV5 EUROPE(c)

Société Satellimages TV5

VOYAGE

SAS Voyage

XXL(c)

ABsat SA

ZIK’ created in 98(c)

ABsat SA

52%

62%

54%

70%

56%

74%

65%

/

97%

83%

43%

/

61%

65%

56%

78%

55%

65%

51%

26%

95%

79%

76%

64%

52%

62%

54%

16%(b)

47%

59%

44%

/

NR

56%

43%

/

61%

65%

56%

78%

46%

65%

45%

NR

95%(c)

65%

61%

64%

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

/

NR

NR

NR

/

4%

3%

5%

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

50%

99%

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

In 1997, 10 services failed to reach the target for European works: five of them are channels
belonging to the firm AB Sat, which are included in only a small number of networks;

three of them are film channels (Cinestar 1 and Cinestar 2, which are largely identical, and
Cinétoile, which broadcasts old films);

* the remaining two are Disney Channel and Multivision.

Multivision, which is a pay-per-view service, has found it difficult since its creation in 1994 to
purchase rights to broadcast sufficiently attractive, recent European films. It has brought before
the Conseil de la Concurrence (Competition Council) the questions of the operation of the pay
television markets and the rights to broadcast French films, referring in particular to the freeze on
rights imposed by the premium channel Canal +. A recent ruling by the Paris Court of Appeal
endorsed the decision of the Conseil de la Concurrence calling on Canal + to end its practice of
tying the prior purchase of exclusive rights to broadcast recent films on television by subscription

34

to the condition that the producer waives his entitlement to sell to any other operator the
television broadcasting rights of these films for broadcasting by a pay-per-view service.

This ruling should in the long term make it possible for pay-per-view services such as Kiosque,
established in 1998, to improve their compliance with the European quota.

The situation improved overall in 1998, since eight of the 45 services that provided figures did
not meet the minimum requirements. Six of these channels are the same as in the previous year,
they all made progress in the broadcasting of European works (apart from AB Sat's
but
“Action”), and the other two are the new “Kiosque” pay-per-view service and the Universal
Studios “13ème Rue" channel.

2. Independent producers

In terms of either programme budget or broadcasting time, all the services distributed by cable
exceeded the percentage laid down in the Directive for European works by independent
producers, which means that Article 5 was complied with.

C) – Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Those services not reaching the quotas set by French law were given formal notice on 26 October
1999 to comply with the broadcasting quotas in future.

Since the French quotas are stricter than those of Article 4 of the "Television without Frontiers"
Directive, the formal notice obviously also covers non-compliance with Article 4.

Under
the terms of the agreements concluded between the CSA (Conseil Supérieur de
l'Audiovisuel) and each service, no sanctions can be announced without the operator first being
given formal notice to comply with the obligation.

D) Further comments

Special case

the Franco-German channel Arte (European economic interest
Since 28 September 1992,
grouping) has been broadcast on the fifth terrestrial channel in France between 7 p.m. and 1 a.m.
In accordance with Arte's tasks as a European cultural channel, its programming is made up
largely of European works (2 114 hours, or 82.1%, in 1997, and 2 147 hours, or 83.2%, in 1998),
half of which come from Germany and half from France, as well as from the European
broadcasters which recently signed agreements as associate members.

35

Furthermore, by placing orders of FRF 152.6 million in 1997 and FRF 172.1 million in 1998 for
works whose original language is French from independent producers out of a programming
budget of FRF 377 million and FRF 408 million respectively, La Sept, the French part of the
European economic interest grouping, kept well within the obligation laid down by Article 5 of
the Directive with ratios of 40% and 42%.

36

IRELAND

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

4

Calendar years 1997/98

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent works (RW)

Teilifís Na
Gaeilge (*)

RTE

RTE 1

RTE

Network 2

RTE

TV 3 (**)

TV 3

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

-

84

85

-

95

81

83

-

-

15

20

-

64

-

15.5

21

-

100

100

-

100

100

100

-

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works.

Not reported.

2. Independent productions .
Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Not reported.

D) Further comment

Teilifís Na Gaeilge commenced broadcasting on the 31st October 1996.
(*)
Its core
programmes are in the Irish language. Its programmes for the most part are contracted out to the
independent production sector.

37

(**)TV 3 is a private sector broadcaster which commenced transmissions in September 1998. It
operates one channel. Reporting practices are in the process of being established between the
station and the Independent Radio and Television Commission. The IRTC indicated that TV3
was not in existence for a sufficient period of time to make a return for the reporting period in
question.

38

ITALY

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

14

Calendar years

Method

Survey

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European works

Independent
productions

Recent works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

RAI Uno

RAI - SpA

74.2

81.1

19.7

RAI Due

RAI - SpA

75.0

78.4

36.3

RAI Tre

RAI - SpA

81.8

81.7

29.7

Canale 5

RTI SpA

69.4

69.9

28.2

Italia Uno

RTI SpA

40.9

44.9

16.4

Retequattro

RTI SpA

41.3

44.3

21.1

Tele+ Nero3

Prima TV SpA

38.6

42.1

14.0

Tele+ Bianco4 Europa TV SpA

65.4

48.0

Tele+ Grigio5 Omega TV SpA

99.9

NR

TMC

TV Internazionale
SpA

16.2

19.0

7.4

NR

NR

TMC 2

Beta TV SpA

15.3

14.8

NR

16.5

34.5

25.6

18.8

15.6

18.4

20.8

22.1

NR

NR

NR

59.9

71.4

77.3

80.1

50.4

60.4

81.8

82.6

40.4

38.1

21.1

22.8

11.6

19.4

6.1

NR

1.3

22.2

NR

2.1

NR

NR

3 Formerly Telepiù Uno.
4 Formerly Telepiù Due.
5 Formerly Telepiù Tre.

39

Rete Mia

Vallau
Promomarket Srl

Italiana

NR

NR

NR

Rete Capri

TBS Srl

Rete A

Rete A Srl

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1.

European works

The report stated that the failure to reach the quota was partly due to the delay in implementing
Directive 97/36/EC. As a consequence of this delay it was particularly difficult
to define
homogeneous monitoring criteria, especially with reference to the data to be collected. The
adoption of law 122 in May 1998 produced a positive trend during the last quarter of the year.

2.

Independent productions

According to the report, law 122/98 defined independent productions on the basis of two criteria:
1) the broadcaster does not hold too large a share in the capital of a production company; 2) the
production company does not supply more than 90% of its output over a period of three years to
the same broadcaster

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The report pointed out that the Italian regulatory authority for the communications sector has
been authorised to adopt decisions on the production and programming of European works.

D) Further comments

The report regretted the broadcasters' failure to provide complete data for Tele+ Grigio, TMC,
TMC2, Rete Mia, Rete Capri and Rete A. This was due to a variety of reasons, ranging from
broadcasters specialising in teleshopping or niche markets, to difficulties in finding the right
programmes at the right price on the European market The data would be reported at a later date.

40

LUXEMBOURG

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

8

Calendar years 1997/98

Real broadcasting time

2. Proportions (en%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent
(RW)

works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

CLT-UFA

58.50%

53.70%

38.28%

38.90%

31.80%

32.10%

CLT-UFA

42.30%

49.30%

25.70%

31.50%

10.70%

16.80%

CLT-UFA

58.68%

65.98%

36%

51%

35%

50%

RTL4

RTL5

RTL
Television

RTL TVi

CLT-UFA

46.51%

51.79%

22.83%

29.68%

19.49%

21.37%

Club RTL

CLT-UFA

53.39%

54.25%

34.96%

26.52%

14.45%

4.09%

RTL9
terrestrial

RTL9 SAT

CLT-UFA

52.85%

44.41%

31.18%

35.97%

7.47%

3.04%

CLT-UFA

50.63%

43.79%

31.39%

35.91%

7.46%

5.26%

RTL7*

CLT-UFA

29.17%

27.75%

25.56%

24.26%

rather
small%

rather
small%

RTL
Lëtzebuerg

Telé

CLT-UFA

100%

100%

11.50%

18%

11.50%

12.70%

* RTL7 began broadcasting on 6.12.1996

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg, RTL Télévision, RTL4 and Club RTL met the quotas specified by the
Directive.

41

RTL TVi attained a majority proportion for European works in 1998. RTL 5 also made progress
and almost attained a majority proportion in 1998, despite the change of format made in 1997.

Unfortunately, a majority proportion was not attained by RTL7 in 1997 and 1998, nor by RTL9
in 1998.

This situation is essentially due to the lack of European works of fiction available at competitive
prices and suited to the audience of these channels, whose programming is centred around fiction
and which were faced with serious economic problems during the reference period (1997/98).

At the end of 1997 and in 1998 RTL9 underwent major restructuring to combat a very difficult
economic situation. During the same period, the French commercial television market changed
considerably. The explosion in the number of special-interest channels and particularly in
channels specialising in works of fiction has led to a severe reduction in the number of European
works available and a real inflation in costs. The channel has not been able to cope with these
changes during a period of internal reorganisation.

RTL7 is a new, Polish-language channel which was not launched until December 1996. Its main
audience is to be found on the Polish market, which is undergoing rapid change and is fiercely
competitive. With only limited broadcasting means (satellite and part of the cable network),
RTL7 is still fighting for economic survival.

2. Independent producers

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Government has asked CLT-UFA to take the necessary measures to attain a majority
proportion of European works for all channels.

D) Further comments

Not reported.

42

NETHERLANDS

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

11

Calendar year

Methods

(*)

(*)The NOS collects the information (concerning the public service broadcasters at Nederland 1,
TV2 and Nederland 3) on the basis of the total transmission time (less the time reserved for news,
sports events, etc.)

SBS6 used samples consisting of one week (chosen at random) per quarter of the reporting
period.

Veronica used samples consisting of the following weeks : 3, 16, 29, 38 and 47.

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent works (RW)

Nederland1

TV2

Nederland 3

Public service
broadcaster

Public service
broadcaster

Public service
broadcaster

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

80%

81%

26%

32%

85%

79%

88%

91%

35%

40%

93%

96%

87%

89%

22%

28%

64%

64%

Veronica

HMG b.v.

SBS 6

SBS 6 b.v.

69%

43%

TV10 / Fox

TV10
b.v.

Gold

37%

69%

34%

22%

Kindernet

Kindernet c.v.

55%

55%

TMF

The
Factory b.v.

Music

> 50%

> 50%

62%

40%

NM

75%

NM

43

64%

32%

63%

75%

NM

98%

97%

100%

100%

0%

15%

62%

99%

62%

99%

The Box

The
Holland b.v.

Box

Canal+ 1

Canal
+Nederland
b.v.

Canal + 2

Canal
+
Nederland b.v.

– 65%

– 65%

NM

NM

99%

99%

19%

24%

100%

100%

100%

100%

19%

24%

100%

100%

100%

100%

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

SBS 6 gave the following reasons for not reaching the percentage target of European works : they
have devoted a bigger part of their programme budget to news and sports programmes and they
the
have rebroadcast fewer Dutch productions during the day. SBS 6 are convinced that
percentage will grow again in the coming years because they are also buying on the English
market now.

TV10 has been called Fox since 19 December 1998. Until 1 October 1997 TV10 mainly
broadcast old television series. After that date they changed their day scheduling to Fox-kids :
mainly (American) cartoons.

Canal + Nederland BV has been granted a (temporary) exemption by the Commissariaat voor de
Media (see under « Further comments »). Canal+ specialises in films and sport. The majority of
popular films were produced outside Europe.

2. Independent producers

NM (TMF and the Box) means « not measurable »: it is difficult to determine the origin of the
video clips, i.e. where the production company was registered.

Until October 1997 TV10 mainly broadcast old television series (over 5 years old), for which it is
difficult to discover the names of the producers. The cartoons they started broadcasting during the
day after October 1997 are by independent producers.

C)

Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Commissariaat voor de Media has initiated proceedings against SBS 6 and TV10 on the
basis of not reaching the percentages of European works specified in Article 52k of the Dutch
Media Decree.

44

D)

Further comments

Canal + Nederland BV was granted a temporary exemption by the Commissariaat voor de Media
on the basis of article 53b of the Dutch Media Decree for the years 1997 and 1998. In 1997 the
percentage of European works had to be at least 10%, in 1998 at least 25%. Canal + has lodged
an appeal against the figure of 25% set for 1998.

45

PORTUGAL

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

5

Calendar years 1997 and 1998

Samples

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European works (EW)

Independent productions

Recent works

(IP)

(RW)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

RTP1

RTP

RTP2

RTPI

SIC

TVI

SIC

TVI

54

51

100

29

23

59.9

51.1

98

35.7

26.2

29

24

40

15

13

31.5

23.1

41

18

18.7

92

44

80

91

52

91.0

50.4

84

90.7

71.7

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

SIC

During 1997 and 1998, SIC's percentages of EW programmes were higher than those laid down
in Article 5 of the "Television Without Frontiers" Directive; the non-compliance therefore relates
only to Article 4 of this Community text.

Without prejudice to the situation as presented, attention should be drawn to the progress noted
between the first and second year covered by the report, and it is worth remembering that this
trend has been even more pronounced during the first four months of 1999 (the calculations for
which have already been done), where the percentages recorded have varied between 48 and
53%. With regard to the dissemination of European works, in its seventh year of activity SIC is
already very close to complying fully with the programming principles laid down in the
Directive.

46

Among the factors (apart from being a relatively new channel) which have prevented SIC from
achieving compliance with these principles during the reporting period, particular mention should
be made of the restricted nature of the national advertising market and the fragility of the national
production industry, which does not allow the placing on national channels of works in
Portuguese specially designed to attract viewers under competitive conditions similar to those for
works produced in Brazil.

TVI

In the case of TVI,
the discrepancies basically relate to the provisions of Article 4 of
Directive 89/552/EEC, although during these two years the percentage of European works by
independent producers that were broadcast has complied with the provisions of Article 5 of the
Directive.

Like SIC, TVI also broadcast a higher percentage of European works in 1998 than in the previous
year, and has therefore adapted progressively, in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 4
of Directive 89/552/EEC.

In the case of TVI, in addition to the adverse conditions already mentioned that affect all
broadcasters in Portuguese television, it should also be pointed out that this station was the last to
begin its activities, which has of course had consequences for it in terms of market penetration,
audience and financial stability, and has led to instability with regard to ownership and
successive changes of programming strategy.

2. Independent producers
Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Portuguese authorities have drawn the attention of SIC and TVI to the need to make all
possible efforts to bring the percentages of European works broadcast closer to the objectives laid
down by Directive 89/552/EEC.

However, the progressive improvement noted in both cases, the fact that the guidance given by
Directive 89/552/EEC is only a recommendation and also the fact that the Portuguese authorities
are aware that any penalty could have serious effects on the broadcasters have prevented them
from imposing penalties, although they are closely monitoring the situation in the context of their
regular dialogue with these broadcasters.

D) Further comments

Not reported.

47

FINLAND

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

4

Calendar years 1997/98

Method

Survey

2. Proportions (%)

Channel

Broadcaster

European works

Independent
productions

Recent works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

81

81

12

13

65

66

69

70

19

17

69

54

TV 1

TV 2

Yleisradio
Oy/Finnish
Broadcasting
Company

Yleisradio
Oy/Finnish
Broadcasting
Company

MTV 3

MTV Oy

Nelonen (4) Oy

58

50

53

50

26

36

20

36

100

100

100

86

Ruutunelonen
Since 1.6.1997

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

Not reported.

2. Independent producers

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Not reported.

48

D) Further comments

In recent years the providers of television services have substantially increased their broadcasting
times by transmitting more news and films. A large proportion of the films are non-European,
which explains why the proportion of European programmes is slightly down on the years 1995-
96.

49

SWEDEN

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

11

Calendar years 1997/98

Questionnaire for
broadcasters

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

TV 1000

Cinema

Canal +

Z TV

6

TV 8

SVT1

SVT2

Canal + Television
AB

19

22.4

n.a.

Canal + Gul

Canal + Television
AB

19

21

n.a.

European
works

Independent
productions

Recent works

1997 1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

29.1

30.4

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

28.2

29.5

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

TV 1000 Sverige
AB

TV 1000 Sverige
AB

Almost
all

n.a.

Almost
all

n.a.

Majorit
y

Majorit
y

100

n.a.

Z TV AB

79.4

78.71 0

11.83

n.a.

TV 6 Broadcasting
AB

43

49

3

n.a.

n.a.

Televisions-
aktiebolaget TV 8

75

95

75

Sveriges Television
AB

83

86

22

Sveriges Television
AB

88

86

18

92

14

14

n.a.

100

n.a.

100

n.a.

100

50

UR

Sveriges
Utbildningsradio AB

98.3

98

34.4

33

n.a.

22

TV 4

TV 4 AB

54.2

52.69 75.6

53.42

n.a.

n.a.

n.a . = not available

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

Not reported.

2. Independent producers.

Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

Not reported.

D) Further comments :

The percentages for Canal + in 1997 and SVT in 1998 refer in each case to the total broadcasts of
the two channels operated by these broadcasters.

Since 7 June 1998 ZTV has been broadcasting from the United Kingdom. The figures for 1998
refer to the period 1 January – 7 June 1998.

51

UNITED KINGDOM

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

179

Calendar years

Method

Survey

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

A. European works

Independent
productions

Recent works

1997

1998

1997

1998

1998

TV (formerly The
Computer Channel)

3+

Ace TV

Adult Channel

Ag Vision

Animal Planet

Apna TV

Arab
Network

Ark 2

Asianet

News

Auction Channel

Babylon Blue

Bar Channel

BBC Choice

BBC News 24

BBC Prime

BBC World

BBC1

Non
licensee

ITC

64

28

N/O

47

100

63

N/O

N/O

N/O

7

N/O

N/O

N/O

100

100

99

70

96

20

N/O

52

N/O

64

N/O

39

9

N/O

28

0

59

N/O

96

14

N/O

34

N/O

60

N/O

39

9

96

14

N/O

N/O

27

0

41

31

N/O

33

N/O

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

1

N/O

N/O

N/O

0

13

3

15

N/O

15

N/O

N/O

20

0

22

13

17

N/O

N/O

1

15

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/O

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/O

77

N/O

N/O

97

100

100

95

66

52

BBC2

on

Bet
International

Jazz

Bloomberg
Information
Television

Box Music TV

Bravo

63

N/O

77

2

18

N/O

15

0

N/A

N/O

N/A

0

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exemp
t

Exemp
t

76

20

72

21

26

0

22

3

19

0

22

4

Capital Network

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Carlton
Network

Food

Carlton Select

Cartoon Network

93

75

20

95

75

24

34

23

20

42

25

24

34

14

11

40

9

16

Catholic Television

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Trust Ltd

Challenge TV

Chand Television

Channel 4

Channel 5

Channel 7 Europe

56

N/O

63

60

N/O

64

N/O

62

52

55

26

N/O

43

56

N/O

47

N/O

40

35

23

Chinese Channel

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

21

20

N/O

N/O

41

56

N/O

37

34

21

Exemp
t

Exemp
t

Chinese News and

4

0

0

0

0

0

Entertainment

Christian Channel

Christian
Communications
Network
Limited

(Europe)

20

N/O

28

N/O

16

N/O

17

N/O

16

17

N/O

N/O

CNBC

56

68

56

0

56

0

CNN International

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

53

Music

Country
Television

Television

Crime Channel

Cultural Television

Discovery Channel
(Europe)

Discovery Home &
Leisure

Disney Channel UK

Dragon

EBN

EDTV

European Network
Broadcasting

Film on Four

Fox Kids

Fox
Scandinavia

Kids

Front Row (with
the Barker Channel)

Front Row (with
the Barker Channel)

Gay TV

GSB Goodlife TV

GSB Men
Motors

&

GSB Plus

GSB Talk TV

HBO

Non
licensee

ITC

N/O

N/O

N/O

57

44

14

N/O

N/O

N/O

67

48

25

N/O

N/O

N/O

46

27

3

N/O

N/O

N/O

59

40

4

N/O

N/O

N/O

44

25

3

N/O

N/O

N/O

56

33

2

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

15

N/O

N/O

N/A

16

13

26

N/O

13

N/O

N/O

N/O

17

N/O

N/O

81

89

91

38

90

53

58

79

N/O

N/O

0

25

16

0

N/A

N/O

N/A

13

13

0

0

20

2

10

17

N/O

10

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

0

25

8

0

11

5

0

0

20

2

10

6

N/O

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Het Weer Kanaal

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

54

History Channel

31

37

12

19

12

19

Home
Television

Order

No longer
licensee

ITC

Exempt

-

Exempt

-

Exempt

-

Home
Network
Quantum Channel

Shopping
Now

Home
Channel

Video

Il Canale Meteo

Indus Television

International Media
Service TV

Intershop

ITV

ITV2

JSTV

Kanal 5

Kindernet CV

Non
licensee

ITC

Knowledge TV

Landscape Channel

Live TV

Living

MBC Ltd (Middle
East Broadcasting)

15

15

7

6

5

5

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

69

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

71

78

N/O

N/O

N/O

22

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

25

13

19

N/O

18

13

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

19

23

16

21

30

91

79

51

N/O

83

78

40

2

83

8

51

N/O

79

4

40

7

2

100

6

44

1

N/O

100

0

33

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Med TV

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Media
Television

Shop

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Minaj Broadcast

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

MTV Central

MTV Europe

MTV Nordic

MTV South

89

86

89

94

96

95

65

61

66

89

94

89

30

30

30

71

94

72

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

55

MTV (UK)

90

93

66

86

30

68

Muslim Television

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Namaste TV

National
Geographic

NBC Europe

Nickelodeon

Nickelodeon
Nordic

Novashop

Novashop 2

Paramount Comedy
Channel

Parliamentary
Channel

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

12

52

23

17

N/O

N/O

19

97

14

54

25

18

N/O

N/O

17

97

11

46

14

14

N/O

N/O

8

73

11

54

17

16

N/O

N/O

6

97

6

46

7

3

N/O

N/O

7

73

5

51

8

8

N/O

N/O

4

97

Penthouse Channel

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Performance - The
Arts Channel

Playboy TV

Pro Sieben

Promotional
Channel

Punjabi UK TV

Q24

Non
licensee

ITC

72

8

71

11

27

8

21

11

6

8

5

11

N/A

N/O

N/A

N/O

N/A

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Quantum Channel

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

QVC

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

QVC Deutschland
Promotional

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Racenet

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Racing Channel

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Rainbow Television
Network

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Rapture

N/O

100

N/O

0

N/O

0

56

Regal Shop

S4C - Anologue

S4C - Digital

SAT 1

Sat-7

Satellite Information
Services
- Racing
Facts

Non ITC licensee
TIC

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt N/O

99

N/O

100

100

56

N/O

74

90

54

N/O

73

81

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Sci-Fi Channel

7

13

4

4

1

3

Sell-a-Vision

Setanta Sport

Sima TV

SIS

Sky 2

Sky
(formerly
Movies Gold)

Cinema
Sky

Sky Movie Max
(formerly Screen 1
and Sky Movies)

Sky News

Sky One

Sky
Premier
(formerly known as
Screen 2 and as the
Movie Channel)

Sky Scottish

Sky Soap

Sky Sports 1

Sky Sports 2

Sky Sports 3

Sky Travel Channel

Sony Entertainment
Television Asia

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

62

19

25

88

44

17

N/O

12

16

90

44

17

100

100

38

86

86

76

30

39

81

79

70

27

0

10

9

25

4

11

12

36

28

30

44

9

N/O

8

8

24

4

7

10

30

27

45

44

6

0

0

4

25

3

4

N/O

2

5

24

4

3

12

10

N/A

N/A

15

19

24

8

27

45

44

6

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

57

Sportswire

Step-up

Studio Universal

Supershop

Talent Channel

TCC

TCC Nordic

Television X

TESUG TV

Thaiwave

(now TNT

TNT
Classical
Movies:Digital)

TNT
Movies:Digital

Classical

Travel
Landmark)

(aka

Trouble

TV Land

TV Shop

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

25

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

25

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

0

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

20

32

28

43

N/O

N/O

32

36

80

28

18

19

N/O

N/O

11

20

80

22

11

16

N/O

N/O

9

14

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Exempt

N/O

Exempt

N/O

Exempt N/O

33

36

50

11

N/O

33

N/O

39

51

10

36

42

48

39

52

30

0

0

37

8

N/O

0

49

1

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

TV Shop – Sport

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

TV1000 Sverige AB Non ITC licensee

TV3 Denmark

TV3 Norway

TV3 Sweden

UK Arena

UK Channel

UK Gold

UK Gold Classics

UK Horizons

UK Play

26

12

23

6

N/O

17

N/O

18

N/O

18

10

21

4

26

12

23

1

18

10

21

0

N/O

N/O

N/O

28

43

12

10

10

N/O

18

N/O

11

19

10

11

35

20

30

99

N/O

52

N/O

99

N/O

28

18

30

94

N/O

79

76

95

89

58

UK Style

Vedic Television

VH1

VH1 Export

VIS
Services Ltd

Television

Vision Channel

Visual Arts

VT4

WBTV The Warner
Channel

100

N/O

93

93

100

N/O

93

93

25

N/O

77

77

25

N/O

91

91

25

23

N/O

N/O

25

25

70

70

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

60

N/O

19

N/O

66

N/O

15

N/O

45

N/O

14

N/O

56

N/O

9

41

53

N/O

N/O

14

21

N/O

N/O

N/O

Weather Channel

N/A

N/O

N/A

N/O

N/A

N/O

What’s in Store

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

What’s in Store 2

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Williams Worldwide
Television

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt

Exempt Exempt

Health

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

12

N/A

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

N/O

10

49

7

N/A

3

19

0

0

N/A

19

Wizja TV

World
Network

X1

Zee TV (formerly
Asia TV)

ZTV

N/O - Not operating

N/A - Not available

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

a) subject matter of the channel:-

Jazz International, History Channel, Sci-Fi Channel, Sky Cinema, Sky Movie Max, Sky
Premier

b) when the channel commenced broadcasting:-

59

Front Row (with the Barker Channel), Front Row (without the Barker Channel), National
Geographic, Studio Universal

c) broadcasts are predominantly in non-European languages. Those programmes which use an
EU language are predominantly made outside EU:-

Asiannet, Chinese News and Entertainment, Zee TV

d) difficulty in finding European programmes or
competitive prices:-

finding European programmes at

3+, Bravo, Discovery Home & Leisure, Home Video Channel, Kanal 5, Living, Nickelodeon,
Nickelodeon Nordic, Playboy TV, Sky One, Sky Soap, Sky Travel Channel, TCC Nordic,
Television X, TNT Classical Movies:Digital, Trouble, TV3 Denmark, TV3 Norway, TV3
Sweden, VT4

e) subsidiaries of companies based in non-member countries broadcasting programmes mostly
from their own stock:-

Cartoon Network, Disney Channel, Fox Kids, Fox Kids Scandinavia, Paramount Comedy
Channel

2. Independent productions

Bravo has been a specialist-interest channel, previously showing films over 10 years old. The
channel is now investing heavily in original production including with independent producers,
which should increase its levels of independent productions and European content.

BBC News 24 is a “rolling” news programme produced in-house.

Disney Channel, the Front Row channels, GSB Goodlife, Home Video Channel, Live TV are
new channels and/or have insufficient budgets to allow for larger investment in production.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Department for Culture, Media and Sport has asked broadcasters who have failed to meet
the quotas to give detailed reasons for this failure and to state when and how they intend to
reach the required level.

D) Further comments

No further comments.

60

III. – SUMMARY OF REPORTS FROM THE MEMBER STATES OF THE
EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION THAT ARE PART OF THE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA

61

ICELAND

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Method

Calendar years

2. proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP))

Recent works (RW)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

RUV

1

55%

60%

37%

40%

80%

80%

Icelandic
National
Broadcasting
Service
Television

Channel 2

1 & 2

35%

31%

Info not

available

Independent
Broadcasting
service

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works
Not reported.

2. Independent producers
Not reported.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State
Not reported.

D) Further comments
Not reported.

62

NORWAY

A) Statistical statement

1. Summary table

Number of channels

Reference period

Methods

4

European works
Calendar year
(except TVNorge AS in 1997)
Recent works:
Eight sample weeks

European works:

The statistics for TVNorge AS
for 1997 are based on the
sampling procedure described at
"Suggested
the
point 7 of
guidelines...". The Mass Media
Authority
at
random, eight sample-weeks in
four quarters of the year. Data
for 1998 cover the entire annual
schedule.

chosen,

has

Recent works:

The broadcasters do not register
the proportion of recent works.
These figures are based on an
analysis of eight sample weeks,
using the same procedure as
above.

2. Proportions (%)

Channels

Broadcaster

European
(EW)

works

Independent
productions (IP)

Recent works (RW)

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

NRK 1

NRK AS

NRK 2

NRK AS

77

62

80

69

11

9

TV 2

TV 2 AS

49.34

50.50

52.4

TVNorge

TVNORGE
AS

14a)

13.4

14

11

8

61.7

13.4

85

67

100

58

81

46

100

59

B) Reasons given by Member State for failure to reach proportion

1. European works

TV Norge AS reports that its failure to reach the required proportion of European works is
due to the fact that TVNorge has recently joined forces with TV 2 in terms of programming,
acquisitions and production, and this transitional period has made it difficult to meet the

63

required quota of European works. The Norwegian Authorities have informed the broadcaster
unacceptable.
of European works
that

low proportion

nevertheless

such

is

a

2. Independent producers

NRK's channel NRK 2 fails (just) to achieve the the required proportion of independent
productions.

C) Measures adopted or envisaged by the Member State

The Norwegian Mass Media Authority has informed TVNorge AS that the low proportion of
European works is unacceptable, and has asked the broadcaster to submit a report on how it
plans to increase its proportion of European works in the future.

The Mass Media Authority has also asked NRK AS, TV 2 AS and TVNorge AS to improve
works”.
the
their

monitoring

percentage

systems

“recent

for

of

D) Further comments
-

64

• IV. ANNEXES

65

ANNEX 1

SUGGESTED NEW GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING THE APPLICATION OF
ARTICLES 4 AND 5 OF THE "TELEVISION WITHOUT FRONTIERS"
DIRECTIVE

1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1. The following guidelines have been prepared to assist Member States in their
duty to monitor the application of Articles 4 and 56 of Council Directive 89/552/EEC
regulation or
on "the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law,
administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of
television
broadcasting activities", as amended by Directive 97/36/EC. The Member States'
obligations in this respect are laid down in Article 4(3) of the Directive. This Article
stipulates that "... the Member States shall provide the Commission every two years
with a report on the application of this Article and Article 5. That report shall in
particular include a statistical statement on the achievement of the proportion
referred to in this Article and Article 5 for each of the television programmes falling
within the jurisdiction of the Member State concerned, the reasons, in each case, for
the failure to attain that proportion and the measures adopted or envisaged in order to
achieve it."

1.2. These present guidelines have been drawn up in the framework of the "Contact
Committee" set up by Article 23 of the Directive, to clarify certain definitions so as
to avoid differences of interpretation which could lead to the Directive being
implemented in different ways, and so as to render transparent to all interested
parties the manner in which the provisions in question are applied. This document
has no mandatory legal force and is merely intended to clarify certain provisions of
the Directive. It constitutes the second version of the guidelines and incorporates the
changes necessitated by certain provisions of the 1997 Directive amending the 1989
Directive.

The new guidelines came into force on 1 January1999.

2.

DEFINITION OF TELEVISION BROADCASTERS AND SCOPE

2.1. According to Article 1(b) of the Directive, a television broadcaster means "the
natural or legal person who has editorial responsibility for the composition of
schedules of television programmes within the meaning of (a) and who transmits
them or has them transmitted by third parties."

Article 1(a) defines "television broadcasting" as "the initial transmission by wire or
over the air, including that by satellite, in unencoded or encoded form, of television
programmes intended for reception by the public. It includes the communication of
programmes between undertakings with a view to their being relayed to the public. It
does not include communication services providing items of information or other

6In the interests of clarity, all references to the Articles refer to the consolidated version of the Directive.

66

messages on individual demand such as telecopying, electronic data banks and other
similar services."

2.2. The reporting requirement under Article 4(3) applies to all broadcasts
transmitted by broadcasters under a Member State's jurisdiction, with the following
exceptions:

Articles 4 and 5 do not apply to "news, sports events, games, advertising, teletext
services and teleshopping."

Article 9 stipulates that Articles 4 and 5 do not apply to "television broadcasts that
are intended for local audiences and do not form part of a national network."

Recital 29 to the Directive stipulates that "channels broadcasting entirely in a
language other than those of the Member States should not be covered by the
provisions of Articles 4 and 5."

Article 2(6) provides that
the Directive shall not apply to broadcasts intended
exclusively for reception in third countries, and which are not received directly or
indirectly by the public in one or more Member States.

There is no need, therefore, for Member States' reports to include information on the
following categories:

channels broadcasting exclusively "news, sports events, games, advertising, eletext
services and teleshopping" ;

broadcasts "intended for local audiences" and which "do not form part of a national
network", irrespective of the means of transmission used. As an exception to the rule,
the term "local" should be interpreted strictly and thus be taken to mean "sub-
regional";

channels broadcasting exclusively in a language that has no official status as one of
the languages of one or more Member States;

broadcasts covered by Article 2(6), i.e. those intended exclusively for reception in
third countries and which cannot be received in a Member State.

3.

JURISDICTION OVER BROADCASTERS

For the purposes of the Directive,
Member State are, pursuant to Article 2(2) :

the broadcasters under the jurisdiction of a

established in that Member State

those
in accordance with paragraph 3
(establishment being determined as the place or places where the broadcaster has its
head office, takes its editorial decisions about programmes schedules and/or has a
significant part of
the television
broadcasting activity);

the workforce involved in the pursuit of

those to whom paragraph 4 applies (i.e. broadcasters who, while not being
established in a Member State, use a frequency granted by that Member State or the

67

satellite capacity appertaining to that Member State or a satellite link-up situated in
that Member State).

4.

RELEVANT TRANSMISSION TIME

4.1. Transmission time, within the meaning of Articles 4(1) and 5(1),
is a
broadcaster's total transmission time, the test card excluded, less the time reserved
for news, the retransmission of sports events, games, advertising, teletext services
and teleshopping.

4.2. To ensure comparability with previous reports, when a broadcaster broadcasts
on more than one channel the proportions (of European and independent works) must
in principle be reported for each of the channels concerned. However, Member States
may take appropriate account of the specific nature of certain new broadcasting
services in duly substantiated cases in their reports.

4.3. Member States do not need to include in their
transmission times devoted to news, sports events, games, advertising,
services and teleshopping, whether of European origin or otherwise.

reports information on
teletext

5.

EUROPEAN WORKS

5.1. The term "European works" is defined in Article 6 of the Directive as:

a)

b)

c)

works originating from Member States;

works originating from European third States party to the European
Convention on Transfrontier Television of the Council of Europe and
fulfilling the conditions of Article 6(2);

works originating from other European third countries and fulfilling the
conditions of Article 6(3).

5.2. The works referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) are works mainly made with
authors and workers residing in one or more States referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and
(b), provided that they comply with one of the following three conditions::

(1)

(2)

(3)

they are made by one or more producers established in one or more of those
States;

production of the works is supervised and actually controlled by one or more
producers established in one or more of those States;

the contribution of co-producers of those States to the total co-production
costs is preponderant and the co-production is not controlled by one or more
producers established outside those States.

A producer is considered to be established in a European State if the company is a
going concern which has a permanent staff involved in both production and commercial
operations in Europe.

68

5.3. The works referred to in paragraph 1(c) are works made exclusively or in co-
production with producers established in one or more Member States by producers
established in one or more European third countries with which the Community has
concluded agreements relating to the audiovisual sector, if those works are mainly
made with authors and workers residing in one or more European States.
The Commission will draw up a list of the countries that may benefit from the
provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c). The Commission and the Member States will
make this list available on request to interested parties. For the provisions of (b) and
(c) to apply, works originating from Member States must not be the subject of
discriminatory measures in the third countries concerned.

5.4. Works that are not European works within the meaning of paragraph 1 but that
are produced within the framework of bilateral co-production treaties concluded
between Member States and third countries shall be deemed to be European works
provided that the Community co-producers supply a majority share of the total cost
of the production and that the production is not controlled by one or more producers
established outside the territory of the Member States.

Member States will draw up a list of their bilateral co-production treaties. The
Member States and the Commission will make these lists available, on request, to
interested parties.

5.5. Finally, works which are not covered by any of the above provisions, but
which are made mainly with authors and workers residing in one or more Member
States, shall be considered to be European works to an extent corresponding to the
proportion of the contribution of Community co-producers to the total production
costs.

6.

INDEPENDENCE

6.1. This concept must be interpreted in the light of Recital 31 to the Directive.

Producers with broadcasting interests will only be considered as independent producers
if their broadcasting interests do not represent their principal activity.

6.2.
In other words, in the definition they apply to the wording of Article 5,
Member States should take into account the following three indicative criteria, which
are not exhaustive:

• Who owns the production company?

The aim is to make sure the broadcaster does not hold too large a share of a
production company's capital (and vice versa). The term "broadcaster" should be
understood here as meaning the broadcasting organisation in its entirety, not each
channel which comes under the organisation.
• How many programmes are supplied to the same broadcaster?
The purpose of this criterion is to measure independence in terms of the amount of
programming supplied, basing the analysis on a period long enough to allow
conclusions to be drawn, and bearing in mind any special characteristics of the
broadcasting organisation in question.

69

• Who owns the secondary rights?
This criterion enables the independence of a producer to be assessed in the event that
all his rights, including secondary rights, have been bought by broadcasters, leaving
the independent producer in a position where he cannot put together a catalogue of
material with secondary rights which can be sold on other markets.

7.

DATA COLLECTION

7.1. SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTIONS SET OUT IN SECTION 2.2. ABOVE, STATISTICS,
EXPRESSED IN HOURS AND PERCENTAGES, MUST COVER THE RELEVANT OUTPUT OF ALL
BROADCASTERS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE MEMBER STATE DURING THE
REPORTING PERIOD, IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER THEY ARE NEW OR SPECIAL-INTEREST
BROADCASTERS.

Member States should, as far as possible, report the annual statistics for each channel
separately (see 4.2 above).

It is suggested that Member States use the definitions provided above in order to
ensure the compatibility of national reports.

If Member States use definitions other than those given above, the monitoring report
should include details of the definitions used and how they differ from those given
above, and also, where possible, how they affect the resulting data.

7.2. Where broadcasters can code their programmes according to the above
mentioned definitions, they should be advised to apply data recording systems in
such a way that comprehensive statistics for the entire annual schedule can be
compiled.

If the national authorities are satisfied that a derogation from comprehensive
reporting is justified in the reference period, then a detailed description of the
broadcaster's sampling procedure and basis of estimates should be submitted for
consideration to the Commission. Samples should consist of at least one week
(chosen at random) per quarter of the reporting period.

70

7.3. Model

Member States could use the following model for their reports:

Broadcaster

Channel

A.
European
works (EW)

B.
Independent
productions
(IP)

C.
Recent
works (RW)
(% of B)

Reasons
for non-
complianc
e

Measures
adopted or
envisaged to
achieve
compliance

1999 2000 1999

2000

1999 2000

71

ANNEX 2

LIST OF CHANNELS NOT ACHIEVING THE TARGET FOR EUROPEAN WORKS AND INDEPENDENT
PRODUCTIONS (1997/98)

A) EUROPEAN WORKS

Status
PR = Private channel
PB = Public channel
PY = Pay channel
BA = Channel which is part of a language n.o. = not in operation

type
GE = General-interest
TH = Special-interest x= target not met
LA = non-Community - = data not communicated

(cid:214) = target met

basic service for a
cable network or satellite service

1997

1998

Status

Type

AT

BE

DE

DK

GR

ES

ORF 1

RTL TVI
KANAAL 2
FILMNET 1
FILMNET 2

Discovery Channel
DF 1
KABEL 1
ntv Der Nachrichtenkanal
Premiere
Pro Sieben
RTL 2
Super RTL
TM3-Fernsehen für Frauen
VIVA 2
VOX

TV Bio
Erotica Rendez-Vous
TV Danmark

Star Channel

Antena 3
TELE 5

PB

PR
PR
PR/PY
PR/PY

PY
PY
PR
PR
PY
PR
PR
PR
PR
PR
PR

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR

PR

PR
PR

GE

GE
GE
TH
TH

TH
TH
GE
GE
TH
GE
GE
GE
TH
TH
GE

TH
TH
GE

GE

GE
GE

x

x
x
x

x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x
x
x

x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

x

x
x

72

(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
FR

IE

IT

LU

NL

PT

FI

AB Channel
Action
ANIMAUX
AUTOMOBILE
CINE-PALACE
CINESTAR 1
CINESTAR 2
CINETOILE
DISNEY CHANNEL
FUN TV
KIOSQUE
MANGAS
MONTE CARLO TMC
MULTIVISION
13ème RUE
XXL

Teilifis Na Gaeilge

Italia 1
Retequattro
Tele + Nero
Tele + Bianco
Tele + Grigio
TMC
TMC 2
Rete Mia
Rete Capri
Rete A

RTL 9 Satellite
RTL 9 hertzien
RTL Tvi
RTL 5
RTL 7

SBS 6
TV10/FOX
Canal+ 1
Canal+2

SIC
TVI

Nelonen(4)

PR/BA
PR/PY
PR/BA
PR/BA
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/BA
PR/PY
PR/BA
PR/BA
PR/PY
PR
PR/PY

PB

PR
PR
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR
PR
PR
PR
PR

PR
PR
PR
PR
PR

PR
PR
PY
PY

PR
PR

PR

TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
GE
TH
TH
TH

GE

GE
GE
TH
TH
TH
GE
GE
TH
GE
TH

GE
GE
GE
TH
GE

GE
GE
GE
GE

GE
GE

GE

x
x

-
x
x
x

x
x
x
-
x
x

-

x
x
x
x
-
x
x
-
-
-

x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

n.o.
x
-
x
n.o.
x

-

x
x
x

x
x
-
-
-

x
x
x

x
x
x
x

x
x

x

73

(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
SE

UK

TV 1000
Cinema
Canal +
Canal + Gul
TV 6

3 +
Adult Channel
Asianet
Bet on Jazz
international
Bravo
Cartoon Network
Chinese News &
Entertainment
Christian Channel
Discovery Home
and Leisure
Disney Channel UK
Film on Four(*)
Fox Kids
Fox Kids
Scandinavia
Front Row (with
the Barker Channel)
GSB Talk TV
History Channel
Home Video
Channel
Kanal 5
Knowledge TV
Living
National
Geopraphic
Nickelodeon
Nickelodeon
Nordic
Paramount
Comedy Channel
Playboy TV
Sci-Fi Channel
Sky Cinema
(formerly Sky
Movies Gold)
Sky Movie Max
(formerly Screen
1 and Sky Movies)

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY

PR
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/BA

TH
TH
TH
TH
TH

GE
GE
LA/GE
TH

PR/PY/BA GE
TH
PR
LA/GE
PR/PY

PR
PR

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR
PR/PY

PR/PY

TH
GE

GE
TH
TH
TH

TH

PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR
GE
PR/BA

PR
PR
PR

PR
PR

TH
GE
TH

TH
TH

PR/PY/BA TH

PR/PY
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/PY

PR/PY

TH

x
x
x
x
x

x

x

x
x
x

x
x

x
-
x
x

x

n.o.
x
x

x
n.o.
x
x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
n.o.

x
x
x

x
x

x
n.o.
x
n.o.

n.o.

x
x
x

x
x

x

x
x

x

x
x
x

x

74

(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
Sky One
Sky Premier
(formerly known as
Screen 2 and as the
Movie Channel)
Sky Soap
Sky Travel Channel
Studio Universal
Talent Channel
TCC
TCC Nordic
Television X
TNT (now TNT
Classical Movies : Digital)
TNT Classical movies:
Digital
Travel

Trouble
TV3 Denmark
TV3 Norway
TV3 Sweden
VT4
Zee TV (formerly
Asia TV)
ZTV

x
x

x
x

PR/PY/BA GE
TH
PR/PY

x
x
n.o.
x
x
x
x
x

x

x

x
x
x
x
x
x

-

x
x
x
n.o.
n.o.
x
x
n.o.

x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x

PR/PY
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/PY
PR/PY
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/PY

PR/PY

TH

PR/BA
PR
PR
PR
PR
PR/PY

TH
GE
GE
GE
GE
LA/GE

PR

GE

(*) began broadcasting in December 1998

B) INDEPENDENT PRODUCTIONS

Status
PR = Private channel
PB = Public channel
PY = Pay channel
BA = Channel forming part of an.o. = not in operation

type
GE = General-interest
TH = Special-interest x= target not met
LA = non-Community - = data not communicated

(cid:214) = target met

basic service for a
cable network or satellite service

BE

DE

TV1
TV2
CANVAS/KETNET

Phoenix
Multithématiques
n-tv Der Nachrichtenkanal
VIVA
VIVA 2

1997

1998

Status

Type

x
n.o.
x

x
x
-
x
x

PB
PB
PB

PB
PR
PR
PR
PR

GE
GE
GE

TH
TH
TH
TH
TH

x
x
x

x
x
-
x
x

75

(cid:214)
DK

GR

ES

FR

IE

IT

NL

SE

UK

Erotica Rendez-Vous

ANT 1

CST
ETB 1
TV 3
TVG

AUTOMOBILE
Kiosque
Mezzo
Monte Carlo TMC
13ème Rue
TV5 Europe

Teilifis Na Gaeilge

Tele +Bianco
Tele + Grigio
TMC
TMC 2
Rete Mia
Rete Capri
Rete A

TV10/Fox
TMF
The Box

TV 1000
Cinema
Canal +
Canal + Gul
Z TV
TV 6

3+
AG Vision
Asianet
Bet on Jazz
International
BBC News 24
BBC World
Bravo
Chinese News and
Entertainment
CNBC

PR/PY

TH

PR

PB
PB
PB
PB

PR/BA
PR/PY
PB/PY
PR/BA
PR
PB/BA

PB

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR
PR
PR
PR
PR

PR
PR
PR

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY
PR
PR/PY

PR
PR
PR/PY
PR/BA

GE
GE
GE
GE

TH
TH
TH
GE
TH
GE

GE

TH
TH
GE
GE
TH
GE
TH

GE
TH
TH

TH
TH
TH
TH
TH
TH

GE
TH
LA/GE
TH

GE
PB/BA
PB/BA
GE
PR/PY/BA GE
PR/PY

LA/GE

PR/PY

LA/GE

x

x
x
x
x

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-
-
-

-

n.o.

x

x

x
x

x

-

x

x

-
n.o.
-
n.o.
-

-

x
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
x
x

x
x
x
n.o.

x
x
x
x

76

(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
Disney Channel UK
Film on Four
Front Row (with
the Barker Channel)
GSB Goodlife TV
GSB Talk TV
Home Video Channel
Knowledge TV
Live TV
Paramount
Comedy Channel
Playboy TV
Rapture
Sci-Fi Channel
Sky Cinema
(formerly Sky
Movies Gold)

Sky Movie Max
(formerly Screen 1
and Sky Movies)

Sky One
Sky 2
Sky Premier
Sky Travel Channel
UK Arena
VT4
Zee TV (formerly
Asia TV)
ZTV

x
-
x

x
n.o.
x
n.o.
x
x

x
x
x

x

x
n.o.
x
x
x
x
x

PR/PY
PR/PY
PR/PY

GE
TH
TH

PR/PY/BA GE
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/BA
PR
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
PR/PY/BA TH

TH
PR/PY
PR
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/PY

PR/PY

TH

PR/PY/BA GE
GE
PR/BA
PR/PY
TH
PR/PY/BA TH
TH
PR/PY
GE
PR
LA/GE
PR/PY

PR

GE

x
n.o.
n.o.

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
n.o.
x

x

x
x

x
x

x

-

77

(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
(cid:214)
ANNEX 3

PARAMETERS USED TO CALCULATE THE WEIGHTED AVERAGES OF EUROPEAN WORKS
BROADCAST BY EUROPEAN UNION CHANNELS WITH A MAJOR AUDIENCE.

Country

Channels

% audience (*)

% European works(**)

AT

BE

DE

ORF 1

ORF 2

RTL Tvi

Club RTL

LA UNE

TV1

TV2

VTM

Kanaal 2

ARD

ZDF

Kabel 1

ProSieben

RTL

RTL 2

SAT.1

Super RTL

VOX

32.0

83.3

51.8

54.3

81.0

60.7

61.8

68.0

20.0

90.0

85.4

36.9

48.1

66.0

35.0

62.0

32.0

48.0

26.9

35.3

19.8

4.5

16.8

21.9

9.7

27.5

5.7

27.7

14.1

4.1

8.5

15.0

3.8

12.2

2.6

2.8

78

DK

GR

ES

FR

IR

DR1

TV2

ET1

Megachannel

Antenna 1

Sky

Star

TVE1

TVE2

Antena 3

Tele 5

TF1

France 2

France 3

CANAL +

M6

RTE1

Network 2

30.8

37.5

6.3

19.9

22.9

15.1

14.9

25.4

8.7

22.9

20.5

34.8

22.9

17.4

4.7

12.8

34.0

19.0

79

81.0

67.0

82.0

71.0

93.7

58.0

52.0

55.7

69.0

51.9

45.2

65.0

77.3

70.7

62.1

66.7

81.0

83.0

IT

LU

NL

PT

FI

RAI Uno

RAI Due

RAI Tre

Canale 5

Italia 1

Rete 4

TMC

22.6

15.9

9.0

21.3

11.2

9.7

2.5

81.1

78.4

81.7

69.9

44.9

44.3

19.0

Rtl Tele Lëtzebuerg

58.3

100.0

Ned-1

TV2

Ned-3

Veronica

SBS 6

RTP1

RTP2

SIC

TVI

MTV3

TV1

TV2

Nelonen

10.9

17.3

9.4

8.0

8.6

32.6

6.1

49.7

11.6

42.0

26.0

21.0

6.0

80

81.0

91.0

89.0

62.0

34.0

59.9

51.1

35.7

26.2

53.0

81.0

70.0

50.0

SE

UK

SVT-1

SVT-2

TV4

BBC1

BBC2

ITV

Channel 4

Channel 5

22.7

26.2

26.7

29.6

11.3

32.0

10.0

3.9

86.0

86.0

52.7

66.0

77.0

71.0

62.0

52.0

(*) Source : Observatoire Européen de l'Audiovisuel, Period from 01-01-1998 to 30-06-1998,
except for the United Kingdom (October 1997 to September 1998) and Luxembourg
(1 October 1997 to 31 May 1998 between 19 h and 20 h).

(**) Source : Declarations by the Member States, period from 1 January to 31 December
1998.

81