Proposal for a Council Decision regulating the use of material presenting risks as regards transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and amending Decision 94/474/EC
Date: 2000-06-16
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: animal disease, animal product, intra-EU trade, live animal, veterinary inspection

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 16.06.2000
COM(2000) 378 final

Proposal for a

COUNCIL DECISION

regulating the use of material presenting risks as regards transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies and amending Decision 94/474/EC

(presented by the Commission)

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Groups of experts have repeatedly recommended removal of those tissues harboring the
highest level of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infectivity from food and feed
chains. In December 1996 the Commission proposed on the basis of their advice to define the
brain, eyes and spinal cord from cattle, sheep and goats over one year of age and the spleens of
sheep and goats over six months of age tissues, as well as the tonsils, as specified risk material
(hereafter referred to as SRM). It proposed to prohibit their use and to also prohibit the use of the
vertebral column of cattle, sheep and goats for the production of mechanically recovered meat, as
this process may result in the presence of fragments of spinal cord in the final product. The
Commission in July 1997 finally adopted this proposal. The resulting Commission Decision
97/534/EC on the prohibition of the use of material presenting risks as regards transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies (TSE's), applies to the specified risk materials from all Member
States and third countries alike and was to enter into force from 1 January 1998.

Shortly after adoption legal uncertainties with respect to its scope became apparent. In addition a
new scientific opinion by the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) on the issue was adopted in
December 1997, suggesting a new and enlarged list of specified risk materials to be removed
in view of the geographic risk. Several initiatives of the Commission to improve 97/534/EC
and to implement this new scientific advice were rejected and replaced by the Council by a
further postponement of its entering into effect. In November 1999 the Commission agreed a
policy based on improving the detection of BSE by introducing the rapid post-mortem test in
routine monitoring, in combination with SRM removal rules in countries where a BSE risk
exists. To this end and in absence of clear guidance from the SSC, a provisional classification
on the basis of the most recent OIE criteria was proposed. However, the Council decided to
again postpone the entry into force of 97/534/EC until 1 July 2000.

The recent case of BSE detected in Denmark demonstrated that the agent was introduced in
cattle populations without being detected. Moreover, preliminary results of the continued
exercise of the SSC to evaluate the geographic BSE risk indicate that no Member State is
completely free of a BSE risk. Considering this new evidence the Commission now proposes
to apply SRM removal rules in all Member States, including those not having reported BSE.
It is also proposed to remove an enlarged list of SRMs in the United Kingdom and Portugal.

The proposed decision would apply to imports from third countries, however, it provides for
the possibility to grant derogations to third countries based on a scientific evaluation of their
BSE status with satisfactory results.

The proposal was presented to the Standing Veterinary Committee for an opinion on 7 June
2000. The results of the vote were:

In favour:

BE, DK, FR, IR, IT, LU, SV

Against:

EL, NL, OS, FI

Abstain:

DE, ES, PO, UK

The Commission not having received a favourable opinion from the Standing Veterinary
Committee, is required under Article 17 of Directive 89/662 to submit a proposal to the
Council without delay.

2

Proposal for a

COUNCIL DECISION

regulating the use of material presenting risks as regards transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies and amending Decision 94/474/EC

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Directive 89/662/EEC of 11 December 1989 concerning veterinary
checks in intra-Community trade with a view to the completion of the internal market1, as last
amended by Directive 92/118/EEC2, and in particular Article 9(4) thereof,

Having regard to Council Directive 90/425/EEC of 26 June 1990 concerning veterinary and
zootechnical checks applicable in intra-Community trade in certain live animals and products
with a view to the completion of the internal market3, as last amended by Directive 92/118/EEC,
and in particular Article 10(4) thereof,

Having regard to Council Directive 97/78/EC of 18 December 1997 laying down the
principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on products entering the
Community from third countries4, and in particular Article 22 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal of the Commission,

Whereas:

(1)

(2)

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Several distinct
(TSEs) have been
recognised for many years as occurring separately in humans and animals. Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) was first recognised in bovine animals in 1986 and
in following years was recognised as occurring in other species of animals. A new
variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (v-CJD) was described in 1996. Evidence is
accumulating that the agent causing BSE is identical to that causing v-CJD.

The Scientific Veterinary Committee in its opinion of 21 October 1996, recommended
on the basis of its risk assessment that specified risk materials, defined as brain, spinal
cord and eyes from cattle, sheep and goats over one year of age and spleens from
sheep and goats over six months of age, should be removed from all human food and
animal feed chains in countries or regions where a potential risk was identified. It also
recommended that, in the case of fallen bovine animals, sheep and goats, either the

1

2

3

4

OJ L 395, 30.12.1989, p. 13.
OJ L 62, 15.3.1993, p. 49.
OJ L 224, 18.8.1990, p. 29.
OJ L 24, 30.1.1998, p. 9.

3

(3)

(4)

(5)

specified risk materials should be removed so that they do not enter any human food
or animal feed chain, or the whole carcass should be destroyed.

The Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) adopted an opinion on 9 December 1997. It
suggested a new and enlarged list of specified risk materials and proposed that those
materials should be excluded temporarily from human and animal consumption
depending on the geographical source. It added dura mater, pituitary, dorsal root
ganglia, vertebral column, intestine and lung when animals are killed by certain
slaughter techniques, to the list recommended by the above opinion of the Scientific
Veterinary Committee of 21 October 1996. The SSC adopted on 14 April 2000 an
opinion on the UK decision to lift the ban on the consumption of meat on the bone. It
concluded that the risk from meat on the bone is negligible if the bones are not from
the vertebral column or skull. It furthermore concluded that the combined effect of
several protection measures in the UK results in an extremely small risk of human
exposure to BSE from vertebral column and dorsal root ganglia. This Committee
adopted on the same date an opinion on specified risk materials of small ruminants. It
stated that skull (head excluding skin and tongue) and spinal cord of all small
ruminants above 12 months and the spleen of small ruminants of all ages pose the
highest
It also stated that certain unprocessed meat products, such as
mechanically recovered meat derived from the vertebral column of small ruminants
constitutes a significant potential risk.

risk.

the Council

The Commission adopted on 18 November 1998 a proposal based on Article 152 (4)
of the Treaty (COM(1998) 623 final) for a Regulation of the European Parliament and
of
the prevention and control of certain
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies5. That proposal was submitted to the
European Parliament and the Council on 7 January 1999. That proposal includes rules
on the removal and disposal of specified risk materials. The provisions of this
Decision will be repealed when that Regulation enters into force.

laying down rules for

Rules should be laid down concerning the production and placing on the market of
products of animal origin with respect to removal of, or absence of, specified risk
material. In particular, they should not be placed on the market for human food,
animal feed or fertiliser. However, those rules should not apply to cosmetic or
medicinal products or medical devices, or their starting materials or intermediate
products, for which other specific rules apply. They should also not apply to products
of animal origin which do not pose a risk to animal or human health since they are
intended for purposes other than human food, animal feed or fertiliser. It is appropriate
to ensure that products of animal origin outside the scope of this Decision are kept
separate from those within it unless they meet at least the same health standards as the
latter.

(6)

Existing Community Directives provide for the protection of public health in respect
of the use of specified risk material in cosmetic or medicinal products and medical
devices placed on the market in the Community. Therefore, those products may be
excluded from the scope of this Decision.

5

OJ C 45, 19.2.1999, p. 2.

4

(7)

(8)

(9)

Commission Decision 98/272/EC of 23 April 1998 on epidemio-surveillance for
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies6 lays down the rules for measures to be
taken by Member States where a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is
suspected in an animal, the minimum requirements for the monitoring of bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie and the rules for sampling and
laboratory testing for the presence of a TSE. The Commission has undertaken to
amend Decision 98/272/EC with the objective to improve the efficacy of the
monitoring for BSE in bovine animals by use of tests targeting in particular dead-on-
farm (fallen stock) and emergency slaughtered animals. These measures are expected
to provide a better insight into the regional epidemiological situation.

Certain ruminant tissues should be designated as specified risk materials on the basis
of the pathogenesis of TSEs and the epidemiological status of the country or region of
origin or residence of the animal concerned. The specified risk materials should be
removed and disposed of in a manner that avoids any risk to human or animal health.
It is necessary for practical and precautionary reasons to exclude the use of spleens from
sheep and goats irrespective of age, and mechanically recovered meat from the skull and
vertebral column of bovine animals, sheep and goats.

The SSC and the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures relating to Public
Health recommended on the safety of certain slaughter techniques in their opinions
adopted on 9 December 1997 and on 25 June 1999, and on 17 February 1998
respectively. They concluded that certain slaughter techniques, notably pneumatic
stunning by gas injection and laceration of central nervous tissue by means of an
elongated rod-shaped instrument introduced into cranial cavity (“pithing”) could cause
the dissemination of potentially contaminated central nervous tissue throughout the
body during slaughter. Council Directive 93/119/EC7 on the protection of animals at
the time of slaughter or killing prohibits the use of these techniques for the stunning
and killing of animals. Therefore, the use of those techniques should not be permitted
for other purposes in the Community, and upon import from countries or regions with
a risk of BSE.

(10)

The Commission will review the provisions to take into account the effectiveness of
the feed ban and the need to remove vertebral column from certain cattle sub-
populations, as soon as possible in the light of new scientific information and
assessments, as well as the development of the recommendations of the World
Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties), or any other
relevant information available to the Commission. The review with respect to the
effective enforcement of the prohibition on the feeding of ruminants with meat-and-
bone meal and greaves derived from ruminants envisages confining the provisions of
this Decision to animals born before the date of the effectiveness of that ban.

(11)

The SSC, in its opinion of 23 January 1998, has established the list of factors
determining the geographical risk in a given geographical zone, and, in its opinion of
19 and 20 February 1998, the contents of a complete dossier for epidemiological status
to TSEs. On the basis of these opinions the Commission issued
with respect
Recommendation 98/477/EC8 of 22 July 1998 concerning information necessary to

6

7

8

OJ L 122, 24.4.1998, p. 59.
OJ L 340, 31.12.1993, p. 21.
OJ L 212, 30.7.1998, p. 58.

5

their epidemiological status. The Commission will

support applications for the evaluation of the epidemiological status of countries with
respect to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and inviting Member States and
non-member countries to submit dossiers according to this Recommendation for
recognition of
review the
provisions for the import of products of animal origin as soon as possible in the light
of scientific assessments using the information submitted in accordance with
Recommendation 98/477/EC, as well as the development of the recommendations of
the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties). It
in accordance with that
therefore repeats its invitation to submit a dossier
Recommendation for those countries that have not yet done so and will make every
effort to obtain a scientific assessment within 12 months of the dossier submission.

(12) Commission Decision 94/474/EC of 27 July 1994 concerning certain protection
measures relating to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and repealing Decisions
89/469/EEC and 90/200/EEC9, as last amended by Decision 98/272/EEC10, should be
amended accordingly.

(13) On the basis of the advice of the Scientific Veterinary Committee of 21 October 1996,
in accordance with the risk assessment carried out by that Committee, the Commission
adopted Decision 97/534/EC of 30 July 1997 on the prohibition of the use of material
presenting risks as regards transmissible spongiform encephalopathies11, which was
last amended by Council Decision 1999/881/EC12. In the light of the new scientific
advice, the development of international standards and progress on the legislative
process on adopting primary legislation in this area, the definition of specified risk
materials laid down in Decision 97/534/EC and the rules it lays down are no longer
appropriate. This Decision should therefore be repealed.

(14)

Separate rules may be adopted on the treatment and disposal of animal by-products.

(15)

The Standing Veterinary Committee has not given a favourable opinion,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Scope

1.

This Decision regulates the use of material presenting risks as regards certain
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). It shall apply to the production
and placing on the market of products of animal origin derived from or containing
material of the bovine, ovine or caprine animal species.

2.

Articles 3 to 8 shall not apply to:

(a)

cosmetic or medicinal products or medical devices, together with their starting
materials or intermediate products;

9

10

11

12

OJ L 194, 29.7.1994, p. 96.
OJ L 122, 24.4.1998, p. 59.
OJ L 216, 8.8.1997, p. 95.
OJ L 331, 23.12.1999, p. 78.

6

(b)

(c)

products not destined for use in human food, animal feed or fertilisers, together
with their starting materials or intermediate products;

products of animal origin destined for exhibition, teaching, research, special
studies or analysis, provided those products are not eventually consumed by
humans or by animals other
the research projects
concerned.

than those kept

for

3.

In order to avoid cross-contamination or substitution, products of animal origin
referred to in Article 1(1) shall be kept separate at all times from those referred to in
Article 1(2), unless the latter are handled or produced under at
the same
conditions of health protection in respect of TSEs.

least

Article 2
Definitions

For the purposes of this Decision, the following definitions shall apply:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or TSEs; all TSEs with the exception of
those occurring in humans;

placing on the market: any operation the purpose of which is to sell products of
animal origin covered by this Decision to a third party, or any other form of supply
against payment or free of charge to a third party, or storage with a view to supply to
a third party;

products of animal origin: any products derived from or containing a product derived
from any animal;

starting materials: raw materials or any other product of animal origin from which,
or with the help of which, the products referred to in Article 1(2)(a) and (b) are
produced;

fertilisers: any substance containing products of animal origin utilised on land to
it may include digestion residues from bio-gas
enhance growth of vegetation;
production or composting;

competent authority: the central authority of a Member State competent to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this Decision or any authority to which that
central authority has delegated such competence;

specified risk material: the tissues referred to in Annex I; unless otherwise specified,
it does not include products containing or derived from those tissues;

landfill site: landfill site as defined by Council Directive 1999/31/EC13.

13

OJ L 182, 16.7.1999, p. 1.

7

Article 3
Specified risk material

1.

2.

Member States shall ensure that after 1 October 2000 the specified risk materials
referred to in Annex I, point 1 (a), and as appropriate point 1 (b), are removed and
destroyed in accordance with Annex I, points 2 to 5.

The specified risk materials or the processed material thereof may be dispatched only
for arrangements of eventual incineration in accordance with Annex I, point 5, and,
as appropriate, Article 7, paragraph (b).

Article 4
Mechanically recovered meat

Member States shall ensure that bones of the head and vertebral columns of bovine, ovine and
caprine animals shall not be used for the production of mechanically recovered meat after
1 October 2000.

Article 5
Slaughter techniques

Member States shall ensure that the laceration, after stunning, of central nervous tissue by
means of an elongated rod-shaped instrument introduced into cranial cavity shall not be used
after 31 December 2000 on their territory on bovine, ovine or caprine animals whose meat is
destined for human or animal consumption.

Article 6
Import into the Community

1.

2.

The specified risk materials referred to in Annex I, point 1 (a) shall not be imported
into the Community after 31 March 2001.

(a) Where the products of animal origin listed in Annex II, containing material
derived from bovine, ovine or caprine animals, are imported into the
Community after 31 March 2001 from third countries or regions thereof, the
appropriate health certificate shall be supplemented by a declaration signed by
the competent authority of the country of production, worded as follows:

“The product of animal origin does not contain, and is not derived from,
specified risk material as defined in Annex I, point 1 (a) of Decision
[.../...], produced after 31 March 2001, or mechanically recovered meat
obtained from the bones of the head or vertebral column of bovine, ovine
or caprine animals, produced after 31 March 2001. The animals have not
been slaughtered, after 31 March 2001, after stunning by means of a gas
injected into the cranial cavity or killed instantaneously by the same
method, or slaughtered after laceration, after stunning, of central nervous
tissue by means of an elongated rod-shaped instrument introduced into
the cranial cavity.”

8

(b)

Any reference to “products of animal origin” in this Article is a reference to the
products of animal origin listed in Annex II, not to other products of animal
origin containing or derived from those products of animal origin.

3.

The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall only apply to import from third countries:

(a)

(b)

which have not submitted a dossier to the Commission in support of their
request to be exempted from these provisions;

which have submitted such a dossier but for which the outcome of a risk
assessment identifying all potential risk factors is not satisfactory.

Article 7
Official controls

Member States shall carry out frequent official controls to verify the correct application of
this Decision and ensure that measures are taken to avoid contamination, particularly in
slaughterhouses, cutting plants, animal waste processing plants, high risk processing plants or
premises authorised by the Member States in accordance with Article 7 of Council Directive
90/667/EEC14, points of sale to the consumer, landfill sites and other facilities for storage or
incineration. They shall in particular set up a system to ensure and check that:

(a)

(b)

1.

2.

specified risk materials used in the production of products referred to in Article 1(2)
are exclusively used for the authorised purpose;

specified risk materials, in particular where the removal takes place at establishments
or premises other than slaughterhouses, are completely separated from other waste
not destined for incineration, are collected separately and are disposed of in
accordance with Article 3 and Annex I. Member States may decide to allow dispatch
of heads or carcasses containing specified risk material to another Member State
after agreement with that other Member State both to receive the material and to the
specific conditions to be applied to such movements.

Article 8
Review

This Decision shall be reviewed regularly in the light of new scientific information
with regard to the risk of exposure to TSEs.

This Decision shall be amended acting in accordance with the appropriate procedure:

(a)

(b)

to take account of the dates of effective enforcement of the prohibition on the
feeding of mammalian, or as appropriate, ruminant protein to ruminants, in
each country or region thereof;

to allow the use of vertebral column and dorsal root ganglia from bovine
animals in or coming from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland and Portugal or regions thereof;

14

OJ L 363, 27.12.1990, p. 51.

9

(c)

to exempt certain third countries from the provisions of Article 6, paragraphs 1
and 2.

Article 9
Amendments

Article 3(3) of Decision 94/474/EEC is hereby amended as follows:

(a)

(b)

1.

2.

Point (a) is deleted;

In point (c), “the implementation of (a) and (b)” is replaced by “the implementation
of (b)”.

Article 10
Repeal

Decision 97/534/EC is repealed on 30 June 2000.

References to Decision 97/534/EC shall be construed as references to this Decision.

This Decision shall apply from 30 June 2000.

Article 11
Application

Article 12
Addressees

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels,

For the Council
The President

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ANNEX I

SPECIFIED RISK MATERIAL

1. (a)

The following tissues shall be designated as specified risk material:

(i)

(ii)

the skull including the brains and eyes, the tonsils, the spinal cord and the
ileum of bovine animals aged over 12 months;

the skull including the brains and eyes, the tonsils and the spinal cord of ovine
and caprine animals aged over 12 months or that have a permanent incisor
erupted through the gum, and the spleen of ovine and caprine animals of all
ages.

(b)

In addition to the specified risk material listed in point 1 (a) the following tissues
shall be designated as specified risk material in the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland and Portugal with the exception of the Autonomous Region of
the Azores:

(i)

the entire head excluding the tongue, including the brains, eyes, trigeminal
ganglia and tonsils; the thymus; the spleen; the intestines from the duodenum
to the rectum and spinal cord of bovine animals aged over 6 months;

(ii)

the vertebral column, including dorsal root ganglia, of bovine animals aged
over 30 months.

2.

Member States shall ensure that the specified risk materials are removed at:

(a)

slaughterhouses;

(b)

cutting plants, high risk processing plants or premises referred to in Article 3
and 7 of Directive 90/667/EEC, under the supervision of a designated agent
appointed by the competent authority. Those establishments shall be approved
for that purpose by the competent authority.

Where specified risk materials are not removed from dead animals not slaughtered
for human consumption, the parts of the body containing the specified risk materials
or the entire body shall be treated as specified risk material.

However, the vertebral column may be removed at the point of sale to the consumer
on their territory.

3.

Member States shall ensure that all specified risk material is stained with a dye and,
as appropriate, marked with a marker immediately on removal, and is completely
destroyed:

(a)

by incineration without pre-processing; or,

(b)

provided that the dye or marker remains detectable, after pre-processing:

11

(i)

in accordance with the systems described in Chapters I to IV, VI and VII
of Annex to Commission Decision 92/562/EEC15:

–

–

by incineration;

by co-incineration;

(ii)

in accordance with at least the standards referred to in Annex I to Council
Decision 1999/534/EC16, by burial in an approved landfill site.

4.

5.

Member States may derogate from the provisions of points 2 and 3 to allow the
incineration or burial of specified risk material or entire bodies, without prior
in the
staining, or, as appropriate,
circumstances set out in Article 3 (2) of Directive 90/667/EEC and by a method,
which precludes all risk of transmission of a TSE, and is authorized and supervised
by the competent authority, in particular where animals have died, or have been
killed in the context of disease control measures.

the specified risk materials,

removal of

Member States may send specified risk material or the processed material thereof to
other Member States for incineration under the conditions laid down in Article 4(2)
of Commission Decision 97/735/EC17, as applicable.

This Decision may be amended on request of a Member State to allow the dispatch
of specified risk material or the processed material thereof to third countries for
incineration. The Commission shall at the same time adopt the conditions governing
the exportation.

15

16

17

OJ L 359, 9.12.1992, p. 23.
OJ L 204, 4.8.1999, p. 37.
OJ L 294, 28.10.1997, p. 7.

12

ANNEX II

The following products of animal origin shall be subject to restrictions on import into the
Community pursuant to Article 6(1):

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

fresh meat: fresh meat as defined by Council Directive 64/433/EEC18 on health
problems affecting intra-Community trade in fresh meat;

minced meat and meat preparations: minced meat and meat preparations as defined
by Council Directive 94/65/EC19;

meat products: meat products as defined by Council Directive 77/99/EEC20;

processed animal protein, as referred to by Directive 92/118/EEC.

18

19

20

OJ L 121, 29.7.1964, p. 2012.
OJ L 368, 31.12.1994, p. 10.
OJ L 26, 31.1.1977, p. 85.

13