Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on: the Communication from the Commission on certain Community measures to combat discrimination
Date: 2000-04-12
Institutions: European Committee of the Regions
Subjects: EU action, anti-discriminatory measure, application of EU law, human rights

8.8.2000

EN

Official Journal of the European Communities

C 226/1

II

(Preparatory Acts)

COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on:

— the ‘Communication from the Commission on certain Community measures to combat

discrimination’,

— the ‘Proposal for a Council Directive establish a general framework for equal treatment in

employment and occupation’,

— the ‘Proposal for a Council Directive implementing the principle of equal treatment between

persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin’, and

— the ‘Proposal for a Council Decision establishing a Community Action Programme to combat

discrimination 2001-2006’

(2000/C 226/01)

THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS,

having regard to a Communication from the Commission on certain Community measures to combat
discrimination [COM(1999)564 final];

having regard to a proposal for a Council Directive establish a general framework for equal treatment in
employment and occupation [COM(1999)565 final — 1999/0225 (CNS)];

having regard to a proposal for a Council Directive implementing the principle of equal treatment
between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin [COM(1999)566 final — 1999/0253 (CNS)];

having regard to a proposal for a Council Decision establishing a Community Action Programme to
combat discrimination 2001-2006 [COM(1999)567 final — 1999/0251 (CNS)];

having regard to the decisions taken by the Council on 19 January and 4 February 2000, under the first
paragraph of Article 265 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, to consult the Committee
of the Regions on the matter;

having regard to the decision taken by the Bureau of the Committee of the Regions on 2 June 1999 to
instruct Commission 5 — Social Policy, Public Health, Consumer Protection, Research and Tourism to
prepare the relevant opinion;

having regard to Declaration of the Committee of the Regions (Graz Resolution) of 9 November 1998;

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8.8.2000

having regard to Opinion of the Committee of the Regions (13.6.1996) on 1997 Year Against Racism
(CdR 156/96 fin (1));

having regard to Opinion of the Committee of the Regions (12.6.1997) on racism, xenophobia and anti-
Semitism (CdR 80/97 fin (2));

having regard to Opinion of the Committee of the Regions (11.3.1999) on a Action Plan Against Racism
(CdR 369/98 fin (3));

having regard to Opinion of the Committee of the Regions (16.9.1999) on the International Year for
Older People (CdR 442/98 fin (4));

having regard to Council Directive 97/80/EEC on the burden of proof in cases of discrimination based on
sex (5);

having regard to the draft opinion adopted by Commission 5 on 6 March 2000 (CdR 513/99 rev.1)
[rapporteurs: Mrs Granberg (SV/EPP) and Mr Moore (UK/ELDR)];

whereas the rejection of all forms of discrimination is an essential condition for the development of the
European Union into an area of freedom, security and justice as foreseen by the Treaty establishing the
European Union (Article 2 TEU), and enshrined in the Treaty establishing the European Community
(Article 13 EC);

whereas the Treaty establishing the European Union sets as a fundamental objective the strengthening
and protection of the rights and interests of the nationals of its Member States (Article 2 TEU);

whereas the Treaty establishing the European Union sets as an objective the preventing and combating of
racism and xenophobia (Article 29 TEU);

whereas the Treaty establishing the European Community expressly prohibits any discrimination on
grounds of nationality (Article 12 EC);

whereas the Treaty establishing the European Community authorises the Council, acting unanimously on
a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, to take appropriate
action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or
sexual orientation (Article 13 EC);

whereas the draft directives set a common minimum standard of protection from discrimination and
enable individual Member States to set higher and more comprehensive safeguards,

adopted the following opinion at its 33rd plenary session held on 12 and 13 April 2000 (the meeting of
12 April).

1. The Committee of the Regions:

1.1.

Firmly rejects all forms of discrimination.

1.2.
Recalls and reaffirms its declaration of 9 November
1998 (‘Graz Declaration’) in which it firmly rejected any form

of alliance or political co-operation with political parties which
make racist or xenophobic statements at
local, regional,
national or European level and asked that all democratic
political parties at all levels to oppose the activities of such
groups and racist movements with all democratic means
placed at their disposal.

(1) OJ C 337, 11.11.1996, p. 63.
(2) OJ C 244, 11.8.1997, p. 58.
(3) OJ C 198, 14.7.1999, p. 48.
(4) OJ C 374, 28.12.1999, p. 36.
(5) OJ L 14, 20.1.1998, p. 6.

Extends the Graz Declaration to incorporate all forms

1.3.
of discrimination covered by Articles 12 and 13 EC.

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LEGAL BASE AND SUBSIDIARITY

NEED FOR VERTICAL DIRECTIVES

1.4. Welcomes the fact that the Commission has referred
the draft package to the COR voluntarily, in recognition of the
relevance of this package to the ordinary citizen. It considers
that Article 13 EC should be made subject to mandatory
to the COR and co-decision with the European
referral
Parliament, and calls for these deficiencies should be corrected
at the Intergovernmental Conference.

As proposed in the COR’s earlier resolution on the
1.5.
European Action Plan Against Racism, the Commission is
requested to establish an inter-institutional working group on
anti-discrimination.

1.6.
Calls on the European Commission to reflect the draft
directives in its proposals for Employment Guidelines in 2001
and 2002, pending transposition of the directives by the
Member States, in view of the fact that Member States have
until 31 December 2002 to transpose the directives into their
legislation.

ROLE OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES

1.7.
Underlines that the fight against discrimination is also
a question of changing attitudes and values. Local and regional
authorities have an important role to play in this respect, as
they operate at a grassroots level and are in close contact with
ordinary citizens.

1.8.
Local and regional authorities are major employers and
providers of goods and services in their regions, and therefore
have a powerful demonstration effect. They should exemplify
best practice and compliance with these Directives for other
employers and providers of goods and services to emulate.

It considers that engaging minority groups in political
1.9.
life is important in all spheres of governance (local; regional;
national; European), including in the selection of candidates.

DEFINITIONS

1.13. Welcomes the draft package as an important initial
step towards giving effect to Article 13 EC. However, it regrets
that due to the Commission’s step by step approach in
introducing vertical directives, the impression of a hierarchy
of discrimination may be created.

1.14.
Calls for specific directives to be drafted on the
remaining grounds for discrimination covered by Article 13
EC, being age, disability, religion or belief, and sexual orien-
tation (recitals referring to the proposal for a Council Directive
implementing the principle of equal treatment between per-
sons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin [referred to in this
opinion as the ‘directive against racism’] would apply, by
extension, to any subsequent proposals relating to the other
grounds).

1.15.
Considers that the draft employment directive should
extend the prohibition of discriminatory treatment in relation
to employees’ partners (whether same or opposite sex) or
family situations.

Acknowledges that competence for teaching content
1.16.
and educational systems remains a responsibility of
the
Member States; the COR therefore calls on the Member States
to expand the directive against racism to cover the educational
field. In this respect, it would be helpful to encourage all forms
of schooling in the multicultural society, so that children can
get used to cultural diversity at the earliest possible age.

COMPLIANCE

1.17.
Considers that the obligation to monitor the compo-
sition of the workforce has a considerable consciousness-
raising effect, and therefore individual employers or providers
of goods and services, whether public or private sector, should
be required to record monitor and evaluate compliance
with the directives. This requirement should be exercised in
accordance with prevailing norms concerning data protection,
and should not provide a means of identifying any individual
employee.

1.10.
Draws attention to the importance of definitions on
the grounds of discrimination in order to facilitate effective
access to redress.

1.18.
Believes that the number of employees is not a good
measure of resource capacity, although smaller and larger
firms need to be treated differently at times.

1.11.
Considers that indirect discrimination and burden of
proof in cases of discrimination based on sex should be defined
in accordance with the draft Directives.

Considers that Article 5(f) of the draft employment
1.12.
directive concerning age limits is unclear, and should be
rephrased.

1.19. Welcomes the requirement in the directive against
racism to establish independent bodies in the Member States,
as these will be of immense value in supporting individual
victims of discrimination. However it regrets that the require-
ment
to establish independent bodies (Article 12 in the
directive against racism) has not been extended to other
grounds for discrimination. In consequence, the potential for
multiple discrimination is inadequately addressed.

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ACTION PROGRAMME

Calls for one component of the proposed Action
1.20.
Programme to be aimed at increasing knowledge and under-
standing of multiple discrimination.

Calls for the second strand of the proposed Action
1.21.
Programme to be accessible to smaller networks and interest
groups, as well as the major networks envisaged in the
proposal.

Calls for local and regional authorities and other
1.22.
information-providers to be fully engaged in the proposed
Action Programme, because they are best able to raise-
awareness of the anti-discrimination package.

1.23. Whilst acknowledging that established European anti-
discrimination networks have an invaluable role to play,
considers that smaller grass-roots organisations should also be
consulted and involved in the proposed Action Programme.

1.24.
Calls for all projects funded under the proposed
Action Programme to involve stake-holders at grassroots level,
and that this should be a factor in receiving EU funding under
the programme.

1.25.
Regrets that no consideration has been given to
contract or grant compliance with respect to funding and calls
for this to be rectified.

Brussels, 12 April 2000.

1.26.
Calls on the budgetary authority both to ensure
adequate funding for the Action Programme and to ensure
that local and regional authorities are eligible for support,
whilst reducing red tape (as often called for by the Committee
of the Regions).

1.27.
Considers that the cross-over between the proposed
Action Programme and other existing programmes needs to
be explained in greater detail so that greater synergies and
complementarity can be found, without supplanting existing
initiatives or duplicating what is already being done.

VADEMECUM

1.28.
Recalling its resolutions on race and on older people
which proposed inventories of good practice in these areas,
the COR undertakes to publish a vademecum of anti-discrimi-
nation good practice for local authorities as employers,
including examples from each Member State of initiatives
covering all six grounds for discrimination recognised by
Article 13 EC.

COR PERSONNEL POLICY

Instructs the Secretary-General of the COR to evaluate
1.29.
the personnel policy and employee profile of the General
Secretariat and report to the Bureau within one year as to
whether the COR will be in compliance with the new
legislation — both in law and in spirit — when it comes into
effect, and on any actions to be taken in association with this.

The President

of the Committee of the Regions

Jos CHABERT