European Parliament resolution on the Commission communication: Countering racism, xenophobia and anti-semitism in the candidate countries (COM(1999) 256 - C5-0094/1999 - 1999/2099(COS))
Date: 2000-03-16
Institutions: European Parliament
Subjects: Central and Eastern European countries, accession to the European Union, anti-discriminatory measure, antisemitism, protection of minorities, racism, xenophobia

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the European Communities,

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Commission, the Council, the other institu-
33.
tions of
the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia,
the governments and parliaments of the Member States of the European Union and of the Council of
Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Council of Europe’s European Commi-
ssion against Racism and Intolerance and the General Assembly of the United Nations.

18. Countering racism in the candidate countries

A5-0055/2000

European Parliament resolution on the Commission communication: Countering racism, xenopho-
bia and anti-Semitism in the candidate countries (COM(1999) 256 ( C5-0094/1999 ( 1999/
2099(COS))

The European Parliament,

’ having regard to the communication from the Commission (COM(1999) 256 ’ C5-0094/1999),

’ having regard to Articles 2, 6 and 29 of the Treaty on European Union,

’ having regard to Articles 2, 3 and 13 of the EC Treaty,

’ having regard to the reports of

the Commission on the candidate countries: on Bulgaria
COM(1999) 501, Cyprus COM(1999) 502,
the Czech Republic COM(1999) 503, Estonia
COM(1999) 504, Hungary COM(1999) 505, Latvia COM(1999) 506, Lithuania COM(1999) 507,
Malta COM(1999) 508,
Slovakia
COM(1999) 511, Slovenia COM(1999) 512 and Turkey COM(1999) 514,

Poland COM(1999) 509, Romania COM(1999) 510,

’ having regard to its most recent resolutions of 30 January 1997 (1) on racism, xenophobia and anti-
Semitism and the European Year against Racism (1997), of 29 January 1998 (2) on racism, xenophobia
and anti-Semitism and the results of the European Year against Racism (1997) and of 18 December
1998 (3) on the Commission communication on an Action plan against Racism (1998),

’ having regard to the forthcoming World Conference against Racism, to be held in 2001 in South

Africa,

’ having regard to Rule 47(1) of its Rules of Procedure,

’ having regard to the report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security
and Defence Policy and the opinions of the Committee on Citizens’ Freedoms and Rights, Justice and
Home Affairs, the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and the Committee on Legal Affairs
and the Internal Market (A5-0055/2000),

A. whereas the principle of the oneness of humankind and the requirement of respect for the dignity of

the individual are central values in European culture,

B. whereas racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism are a serious threat to the democratic principles of the
EU, infringe human rights and poison European society; whereas respect for human diversity is a
European core value,

C. welcoming the fact that the Amsterdam Treaty marked a major milestone by ending the controversy
over the power of the EU institutions to implement anti-racism policies, by establishing for the first
time in the new Article 29 of the EU Treaty and the new Article 13 of the EC Treaty that not only is
the fight against racism and xenophobia an explicit European Union objective, but racial discrimina-
tion is a breach of a fundamental right under EU law,

(1) OJ C 55, 24.2.1997, p. 17.
(2) OJ C 56, 23.2.1998, p. 35.
(3) OJ C 98, 9.4.1999, p. 491.

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D.

applauding the proposals for anti-discrimination legislation under Article 13, and noting that these
will form part of the Community acquis which the candidate countries will be required to implement
before accession, thus making a substantial contribution to increasing the protection afforded to the
victims of discrimination in the candidate countries,

E. whereas the EU and its Member States are committed to vigorously tackling racism, xenophobia and
anti-Semitism within the EU, although there is a need for a greater sense of urgency and resolve in
this respect,

F. whereas the fundamental freedoms of free movement and establishment must not be jeopardised by

institutionalised racism in candidate countries,

G. whereas those freedoms are not only key aspects of the Internal Market, but also assist ethnic and

national minorities in overcoming disadvantage and marginalisation,

H.

I.

aware of the fact that, just as in the European Union, there are problems in the candidate countries
with regard to discrimination against members of ethnic groups or other minorities ’ be they citi-
zens, legal or illegal residents, refugees or asylum seekers ’ and also political demonstrations of orga-
nised racism,

alarmed that in several candidate countries the Roma and Gypsy minorities suffer severe discrimina-
tion, harassment and violence, not only from the public but also from the police, judiciary and other
state authorities as well as from the media and some politicians; welcoming, however, the efforts being
made by some countries such as Slovenia to improve the situation of the Roma and urging the con-
tinuation and increase in financing by EU programmes of projects to assist them,

J. whereas political, cultural and social discrimination against major national minorities, in particular the

Kurdish population, continues to be a reality,

K. noting that the Kurdish minority in Turkey is not recognised as such by the Turkish State, and the
challenge to that state to reconcile the strong sense of national identity and the wish to preserve the
unity of the state with the right of the Kurds to express their own ethnic, cultural and political iden-
tity,

L. whereas action to tackle these problems has consisted hitherto of statutory measures at Member State

level and social measures (see the action programmes),

M. whereas the EU is currently negotiating with certain countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the

Mediterranean region on accession to the Union,

N.

stressing that assessing whether the candidate countries satisfy the Copenhagen accession criteria
involves evaluating whether they respect minority rights,

O. whereas it is of vital importance to take decisive action to assist the candidate countries in tackling

these problems,

P. whereas there are marked differences and great variations between the candidate countries in their

approaches to these problems,

1. Welcomes the Commission communication as proof of the European Union’s intention to help can-
didate countries vigorously combat racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism, but regrets the vague nature of
the analysis and in particular the lack of any effective specific proposals;

Believes, furthermore, that this declaration of intent comes rather late in the day, given that prepara-

2.
tions for, and negotiations on, membership started a number of years ago;

3.
Urges that a clear human rights strategy for combating racism, xenophobia and intolerance be imple-
mented in close partnership between the EU, the European Monitoring Centre, the Council of Europe
(ECRI) and the OSCE, with complementary activities and programmes;

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4.
Calls on the Council and Commission to affirm unambiguously that racist, xenophobia and anti-
Semitic acts or propaganda would breach the principles to be upheld under Article 6(1) of the EU Treaty,
and would trigger a determined application of the procedures under Article 7;

5.
Stresses the importance of providing adequate budgetary resources for both the European Initiative
for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), and the human rights and protection of minorities projects in
the Meda programme, with a particular emphasis on promotion of minority rights and reform of the
police, criminal justice and asylum systems;

6.
Calls on both the Member States and the candidate countries to ensure that their policies towards
asylum-seekers, refugees and immigrants are free of xenophobia and racism and provide a proper statutory
framework of rights, with full respect for the Geneva Convention on Refugees;

7.
Regrets that the Commission communication proposes no specific action to combat discrimination
against these groups in the candidate countries and therefore calls for appropriate measures to be taken
and for special financial measures under PHARE, in particular with a view to backing up initiatives in civil
society to counter racism and racist tendencies;

8.
Is of the opinion that the Commission has paid too little attention to devising a juridical strategy
against racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism, in particular by promoting adequate legislation in candidate
countries;

9.
If of the opinion that the EU, too, in the context of what it expects in the pre-accession strategy,
should ensure that, in the process of social transformation in the candidate countries and with regard to
adoption of the acquis communautaire, measures are taken to prevent social conflict in the candidate coun-
tries, thereby averting the risk of racism and racist tendencies;

Takes note of the Commission’s proposals, under Article 13 of the EC Treaty, to combat discrimi-
10.
nation and to develop initiatives against racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism within the context of the
new education, youth and training programmes in the hope that, if implemented, these initiatives would
give a clear signal to the citizens of the accession countries;

11.
Points out that the prime responsibilities for combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination
against ethnic groups must rest with the authorities and civil society in each candidate country; calls there-
fore on the candidate countries themselves to pursue further action in combating racism and xenophobia
in the relevant areas;

12.
Calls on the candidate countries to implement legislation similar to expected EU laws and with
effective enforcement bodies; to counter institutional racism; to protect minorities; to safeguard minority
languages; to eliminate racism in public life, housing and employment; and to develop their educational
programmes to broaden awareness of the dangers of racism and xenophobia;

13.
Calls for full attention to be paid to countering racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the educa-
tional and training programmes for police officers, officials of judicial authorities and other public sector
officials, and in particular those who are in direct contact with the general public;

14.
Urges all political parties to sign and observe the Charter of European Parties for a Non-Racist Society,
to condemn intolerance and racist remarks or behaviour and refrain from fielding candidates in alliance
with or working in cooperation with political groups that exploit racism and xenophobia;

Urges the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements between countries, in particular neigh-

15.
bouring states, in order to facilitate ‘cross-protection’of national minorities;

16.
Calls on the Commission to ensure that the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenopho-
bia (in Vienna) makes an appropriate contribution to extending the fight against racism, xenophobia and
anti-Semitism to the candidate countries and that it will cooperate as closely as possible with the Council
of Europe’s ECRI;

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17.
Asks the European Monitoring Centre to prepare short reports on each candidate country, indicat-
ing the minimum practical steps necessary to reach EU standards in respect of the fight against racism,
xenophobia and anti-Semitism;

18.
Calls on the candidate countries to collect, as a basis for policy action, reliable monitoring data on
ethnic, linguistic, and religious minority groups including immigrants and refugees, the number and out-
come of racist acts reported and prosecuted, and the performance of minority groups in the economic and
social spheres;

19.
Looks forward to the reinforced political dialogue with Turkey announced by the European Council
in Helsinki in December 1999 and calls on Turkey to recognise the social, cultural, and political rights of
the Kurdish population and other minorities and foster the exercise of those rights;

20.
Calls on the Commission and the candidate countries concerned to pursue and continue, on a con-
sistent basis, the measures to integrate and afford equal opportunities to the Russian minorities in Estonia
and Latvia;

Is firmly of the opinion that, in the context of the EIDHR, the Commission should support special

21.
measures to counter racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the candidate countries;

Stresses the importance of involving NGOs, both in the Union and in the candidate countries, in
22.
this struggle in recognition of their educational role within civil society; considers that they must therefore
be given adequate financial support so as to facilitate their efforts, as undertaken by active citizens working
for a more open, pluralistic and democratic society, and that all of this must be done in close cooperation
with the Council of Europe, the UN and the OSCE;

Considers that both grass-roots organisations such as churches,

23.
the trade union movement,
women’s and youth organisations and institutions such as universities and colleges of education should
be involved;

24.
Is of the opinion that ethnic group organisations should also be involved because of the importance
of action under the anti-racism policy being supported by such groups who should undertake some
responsibility and take some initiatives of their own;

25.
Stresses that the appeal for effective action against racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism in the
candidate countries does not in any way imply that these social phenomena are not a serious problem
within the EU, where many of these problems are also found;

Regrets the rise of organised racism in a number of the candidate countries and calls for coordina-
26.
tion of
legislation against racial discrimination (in conjunction with Council of Europe action pro-
grammes); urges the EU and candidate countries to cooperate closely to combat extremist and criminal
racist organisations and organised crime including trafficking in migrants, and for both to pursue vigor-
ously the prosecution of violent racist offences;

27.
Considers that effective action will involve not only appropriate constitutional arrangements and
the separation of powers but also the proper functioning of local courts and the local civil service, and
calls on the Commission to monitor these aspects;

28.
Considers that the media have a very important role in conveying messages and imparting values to
society as a whole and that Member States and candidate countries alike must encourage and promote the
drawing-up of codes of conduct by their own media to prevent the communication of racist, xenophobic
or anti-Semitic images and messages;

Calls on the Commission to provide a written analysis of the specific contribution of the PHARE

29.
programme and the associated programmes to the fight against racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism;

30.
Takes the view, given the social implications of racism and xenophobia, that the Commission Direc-
torate-General responsible for employment and social affairs should conduct scientific studies on the effects
of these phenomena on social and employment issues both within the Union and in the candidate coun-
tries;

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31.
Considers that the Commission should appraise the extent to which national minorities have been
able to benefit from the right of establishment set out in the existing Association Agreements and should
act on the results of that appraisal;

32.
Urges Member States and the applicant countries to promote acceptance of differences and toler-
ance through their educational systems; takes the view that, in some cases, this may require the revision
and adaptation of the contents of textbooks which could incite racism, xenophobia or anti-Semitism or
any other form of intolerance or discrimination;

33.
Calls for radical reinforcement of coordination of national, multinational and European action pro-
grammes for Roma minorities, giving a high priority to education, health care and the representation of
Roma in public life and including campaigns to support NGOs and combat prejudice; requests the Com-
mission to consider regrouping the different EU programmes for Roma in one comprehensive programme
in the interests of effectiveness and transparency; calls on the Commission to present proposals in 2000
for such an approach based on a joint framework devised by the EU and the candidate countries in ques-
tion, with objectives and timetables;

Considers that respect for religious freedom, religious monuments and establishments and religious

34.
tolerance are of special importance in combating racism and related phenomena;

35.
Calls on the candidate countries as well as the Member States to sign, ratify and implement not only
the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination but also the Council
of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, the European Charter for
Regional and Minority Languages and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of
Migrant Workers and Members of their Families;

Calls for an information policy on the existence of religious minorities in the CEECs, and proper

36.
legislative solutions to be aimed at protecting their rights;

Calls on the Commission to submit a comparative analytical table for all the candidate countries

37.
covering the subjects referred to in this resolution, using identical criteria for comparison;

38.
Calls for constant political and social vigilance towards, and more severe penalties for, the unremit-
ting expressions of anti-Semitism in a number of candidate countries, not least in the light of fairly wide-
spread latent anti-semitic feelings and thoughts;

39.
Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the govern-
ments and parliaments of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slova-
kia, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey.

19. Information society

A5-0067/2000

European Parliament legislative resolution on the Commission communication on e-Europe (
An Information Society For All: a Commission Initiative for the Special European Council of
Lisbon, 23/24 March 2000 (COM(1999) 687 ( C5-0063/2000 ( 2000/2034(COS))

The European Parliament,

’ having regard to the Commission Communication (COM(1999) 687 ’ C5-0063/2000),

’ having regard to European Parliament and Council Decision 1999/1719/EC on a series of guidelines,
including the identification of projects of common interest, for trans-European networks of the elec-
tronic Interchange of Data between Administrations (IDA) (1),

(1) OJ L 203, 3.8.1999, p. 1.