Report from the Commission on the implementation of Regulation (EEC) No 3118/93 laying down the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate national road haulage services within a Member State (cabotage) - 2nd report
Date: 2000-02-28
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: road cabotage, road transport, transport licence, transport quota, transport regulations

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Brussels, 28.02.2000
COM(2000) 105 final

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION

on the implementation of Regulation (EEC) N° 3118/93 laying down the conditions
under which non-resident carriers may operate national road haulage services within a
Member State (CABOTAGE)

2ND REPORT

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION

on the implementation of Regulation (EEC) N° 3118/93 laying down the
conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate national road haulage
services within a Member State (CABOTAGE)

2ND REPORT

0.

0.1.

0.2.

0.3.

0.4.

Introduction

This Report is a sequel to COM(1998) 47 final of 4.2.98 which covered the
use of cabotage authorizations up to the end of 1995. This 2nd Report extends
the analysis up to the end of June 1998 when, under Article 12.2 of Council
Regulation (EEC) N° 3118/93 of 25 October 19931, quantitative restrictions
on cabotage were lifted. (Note quantitative restrictions on intra-Benelux
cabotage had been previously lifted in 1992).

The geographical scope of the cabotage regime remains that of the European
Economic Area (EEA) and the abolition of quantitative restrictions applies to
the EEA as a whole. Finally it
is recalled that Austria, which was not
included in the EEA arrangements in July 1994, only joined the cabotage
regime in January 1997 as a result of Protocol N° 9 to the Accession Treaty2
that brought Austria into the Community.

This Report has five sections. The first section discusses the data supplied
under the Cabotage Regulations. The second section is devoted to an
analysis of the data supplied under the Cabotage Regulations between July
1990 and June 1998. The third section gives preliminary comments on
cabotage data from the road transport sample surveys. The fourth section
draws some conclusions. Finally the fifth section outlines recommendations
for future monitoring of cabotage.

This Report is prepared by virtue of Article 11 of Regulation 3118/93, which
requires the Commission to submit a report to the Council on the application
of this Regulation every two years. For the sake of completeness and
comparability it starts from the introduction of cabotage (under Council
Regulation (EEC) N° 4058/89)3 at the beginning of July 1990 to the abolition
of quantitative restrictions at the end of June 1998. As the previous report,
COM(1998) 47, this Report covers the EEA area; a copy will again be sent
for information to the EEA Council.

1.

Data supplied under the Cabotage Regulations

1 OJ L 279 of 12.11.1993, p. 1.
2 OJ C 241 of 29.8.1994, p. 361.
3 OJ L 390 of 30.12.1989, p. 1.

2

1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

1.4.

Regulation 4058/89 and Regulation 3118/93 (until the end of June 1998)
prescribed that record books should accompany cabotage authorizations.
These record books provided the data for the compilation of statistics on the
use of cabotage authorizations on a 100% basis. The abolition of the
authorizations resulted in the abolition of the associated record books.
However the Council clearly indicated in paragraph 2 of Article 12.3 of
Regulation 3118/93 that monitoring of cabotage should be continued after
the abolition of authorizations at the end of June 1998; hence a new form of
data collection was required after June 1998. Fortunately this need arose at
the same time as the review of the “Road Statistics Directive” (Council
Directive 78/546/EEC of 12 June 19784 as modified by Council Directive
89/462/EEC of 18 July 19895) was drawing to a close. This review lead to
the adoption, in the form of a regulation, of Council Regulation (EC) N°
1172/98 of 25 May 19986 which extended, inter alia, the types of journey to
be covered in the sample surveys so as to include cabotage. More details of
the cabotage data collected under the “road transport sample surveys” are
given in Section 3.

Under the various Community instruments, each Reporting State has to
supply data to the Commission on “tonnes” and “tonne-kilometres” relating
to cabotage movements performed by their own hauliers on a quarterly
basis with separate data for each (other) partner EEA State where cabotage
could be carried out.

As in the previous report, COM(1998) 47, quarterly data has been aggregated
on a half-year basis and the analysis is restricted to “tonne-kilometres”
(tkm). Further, to facilitate comparisons with tables and matrices in the
previous report, the same order of States has been retained in this Report.
This order is “Germany (D), France (F), Italy (I), Netherlands (NL), Belgium
(B), Luxembourg (L), United Kingdom (UK), Ireland (IRL), Denmark (DK),
Greece (GR), Spain (E), Portugal (P), Iceland (IS), Norway (N), Finland
(FIN), Sweden (S), Liechtenstein (FL), Austria (A)”.

For convenience, the previous report distinguished 2 periods, “1st period”
(July 1990 to June 1994) and “2nd period” (July 1994 to December 1995)
when the cabotage regime was extended to EEA (except Austria). It is useful
in this Report, to further define “3rd period” as “January 1996 to June 1998”
and “whole period” as “July 1990 to June 1998” so as to succinctly describe
developments over time.

1.5.

The data supplied by the Reporting States for the 3rd period is complete
except as follows:

Spain: no data supplied;

France: 1st half 1998.

4 OJ L 168 of 26.6.1978, p. 29.
5 OJ L 226 of 3.8.1989, p. 8.
6 OJ L 163 of 6.6.1998, p. 1.

3

To reduce difficulties in the interpretation of the results, the missing data has
been estimated. Estimated values for Reporting States are generally shown in
the tables in italics. This rule is not followed in the large matrices given in
Tables 7 and 8.

1.6.

This Report also makes use of tkm data on national and international
transport from the “road transport sample surveys” supplemented by other
sources. This data is needed in order to calculate:

(a)

(b)

“penetration rates”, where “cabotage in a State” is expressed as a % of
the “national transport in the same State” , and,

“activity rates” , where “cabotage by hauliers of a Reporting State” is
expressed as a % of “international transport by hauliers of the same
State” (only hauliers with an international
licence are allowed to
undertake cabotage).

In contrast to the previous report, however, this Report interprets national
(and international) transport to cover “own account” hauliers in addition to
“hire or reward” hauliers. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, Commission
Regulation (EC) N° 792/94 of 8 April 19947 extended the cabotage regime to
“own account” hauliers. Secondly, recent work on producing more consistent
time series of data for national (and international) transport has concentrated
on “own account + hire or reward” and not on the split between “own
account” and “hire or reward”.

Analysis of the data supplied under the Cabotage Regulations between
July 1990 and June 1998

From Table 5 it can be seen that cabotage reported under cabotage
authorizations was 10.5 billion tkm during the whole period (from July 1990
to June 1998). However, national transport for those States where cabotage
was authorised at the time amounted to 6400 billion tkm during the same
period; consequently cabotage only represented, on average, a penetration
rate of 0.164% (or 1 part in 600) in national transport during the whole
period (see Tables 5 and 6). International transport (again in tkm) over the
whole period was approximately one quarter of national transport; hence
cabotage corresponded to, on average, 0.66% (or 1 part in 150) of the
activity of international hauliers during the whole period.

Due mainly to the rapid increase in the number of cabotage authorizations
(from 15298 for “July 1990 to June 1991” to 85098 in 1997), cabotage
increased 6-fold from 176 million (mio) tkm in 2nd half 1990 (352 mio tkm
on an annual basis), to 2224 mio tkm in 1997 (see Table 3).

Despite a further 30% increase in the number of cabotage authorizations
available in 1st half 1998 (as compared to either half year in 1997) a small
absolute decline to 1010 mio tkm was reported in 1st half 1998 (2020 mio

1.7.

2.

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

7 OJL 92 of 9.4.1994, p. 13.

4

2.4.

2.5.

2.6.

2.7.

2.8.

2.9

tkm on an annual basis). This is considered to be due to fairly substantial
under-reporting in this half year, probably due to the fact that hauliers knew
that they would not have to justify their need for authorizations for the
following quarters to their authorities (for further comments on under-
reporting see § 3.7 – 3.9).

As national transport only grew by some 20% from 1990 to 1998, Table 6
shows that the average penetration rate of cabotage in national markets
increased 5-fold from 0.05% in 2nd half 1990 to 0.25% in 1997. The
apparent decline to 0.22% in 1st half 1998 is considered to be due to under-
reporting (see also § 3.7 – 3.9). Similarly, while cabotage corresponded to
about 0.2% of the activity of international hauliers in 2nd half of 1990, it rose
to about 1% in 1997.

The average use of a (2-month) cabotage authorization is given in Table 4. It
was 30800 tkm over the whole period (July 1990 to June 1998). The average
use rose rapidly from 23000 tkm (2nd half 1990) to 47500 tkm (1993) but
then declined steadily to 26100 tkm (1997) with an apparent sharp further
fall to 18200 tkm (1st half 1998). Again the decline in average use is thought
to be partially due to under-reporting (see again § 3.7 - 3.9).

The hauliers from the Benelux States have been the most active in the
cabotage market; Table 3 shows that 58.7% of all cabotage was done by
Benelux hauliers (indeed 31.2% was done just by Dutch hauliers) despite
the Benelux collectively having only 22.5% of the cabotage authorizations
(see Table 2). Consequently, Table 4 shows that, over the whole period,
hauliers from each of the 3 Benelux States had an average use between
70200 and 86900 tkm per authorization compared to 16400 tkm per
authorization for non-Benelux hauliers.

Other “active” hauliers in the cabotage market were from Sweden (5.0% of
all cabotage tkm, with 3.7% of all cabotage authorizations, and average use
of 42000 tkm), France (12.7%, 10.6% and 36700 tkm respectively) and
Denmark (6.7%, 7.6% and 27300 tkm respectively).

German, Italian and United Kingdom hauliers were not very active in the
cabotage markets achieving only 5.3%, 3.1% and 3.0% respectively of the
this was despite these States being allocated a relatively large
market;
number of
6.7% respectively).
(12.8%, 10.6% and
Consequently their average use per authorization was only 12600, 9100 and
14000 tkm respectively.

authorizations

Only 2% of the cabotage was carried out by hauliers from the “low labour
cost” States (Greece, Spain, Portugal) despite the fact that hauliers from
these 3 States were allocated 16.2% of the cabotage authorizations. Average
use of authorizations by Greek, Spanish and Portuguese hauliers were thus
only 20, 5500 (estimate) and 3700 tkm respectively. Fears that hauliers from
“low labour cost” States would provide “unfair” competition for hauliers in
“high labour cost” States thus continued to be unfounded.

5

2.10

Table 5 shows that 68.3% of all cabotage was carried out in Germany, the
most popular “Partner State”, the proportion having risen from 64% (1st
period) to 73% (2nd period) but then declined to 69% (3rd period). Table 6
shows that the penetration rate of cabotage in the German national market
has risen from 0.12% (2nd half 1990) to 0.75% in 1997 (but further see § 3.7
– 3.9). As German hauliers only performed 5.3% of all the cabotage carried
out, it is evident that Germany has a very substantial negative balance as far
as cabotage is concerned.

2.11. While 12.6% of cabotage was carried out in France, the 2nd most popular
“Partner State”, cabotage penetration was 0.21% in the French national
in 1997. Further, as French hauliers performed 12.7% of all
market
cabotage, there was an almost exactly “zero” balance of cabotage as far as
France is concerned.

2.12.

2.13.

2.14.

2.15.

2.16.

The 3rd most popular “Partner State” was Italy where 6.9% of all cabotage
was performed. As
inactive
(performing only 3.1% of all cabotage), Italy had a negative balance on
cabotage.

themselves were rather

Italian hauliers

The only other States with apparent negative balances on cabotage were
Spain, Greece and Norway. However, in the case of Spain, some caution is
needed since data for Spanish hauliers has had to be estimated from 1996
onwards and, even just prior to that,
there were indications of under-
reporting. In the case of Greece, the negative balance was due to the fact that
Greek hauliers did not report doing any cabotage after 1991. In the case of
Norway, although twice as much cabotage has been done in Norway than by
Norwegian hauliers, the penetration rate in Norway was only 0.25% in 1st
half 1998.

Table 7 shows the amount of cabotage carried out by hauliers from each
Reporting State (the rows of the matrix) in each Partner State (the columns
of the matrix) during the 3rd period (January 1996 to June 1998). Similarly
Table 8 gives the corresponding matrix for the whole (8 year) period (July
1990 to June 1998). Table 9 ranks the leading “caboteurs” (cabotage by
hauliers from a specific Reporting State in a specific Partner State) for the
1st, 2nd, 3rd and whole periods in terms of the ranked order for the whole
period (July 1990 to June 1998).

The 1st ranked “caboteurs” were Dutch hauliers in Germany. They
performed 2814 out of 10517 mio tkm over the whole period of 8 years, i.e.
27% of all cabotage (i.e by all hauliers in all States). “Dutch hauliers in
Germany” held the 1st rank in all 3 periods accounting for 19%, 31% and
29% of all cabotage in the 3 periods respectively.

Similarly, the 2nd ranked “caboteurs” were Belgian hauliers in Germany,
accounting for 10% of all cabotage (1055 out of 10517 mio tkm). While
“Belgian hauliers in Germany” held the 2nd rank in the 1st and 2nd periods
(accounting for 14% and 11% respectively) they accounted for only 7% in
the 3rd period, being overtaken by “Luxembourg hauliers in Germany”
(with 9%) and “Belgian hauliers in France” (with 8%).

6

2.17.

Other noteworthy “caboteurs” in the 3rd period were “Swedish hauliers in
Germany” and “French hauliers in Germany” (each about 6.5%).

3.

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

3.4.

Preliminary comments on cabotage data from the road transport sample
surveys

The proposal to include cabotage in the Road Statistics Directive (78/546)
was made by the Commission in 1987, COM(87) 548 final of 20 November
1987, which explicitly proposed to include cabotage in the types of journey
(listed in Article 1 of the Directive) that should be covered by (sample)
surveys under the Directive. The Council, however, in adopting Directive
89/462 (which modified 78/546), specifically excluded cabotage on the
grounds that it was still, at that date, “illegal”.

Drafts for a second modification of the Road Statistics Directive were in
preparation for a long time and it was not until 25 May 1998 that the Council
formally adopted a replacement for the Road Statistics Directive in the form
of a Regulation (1172/98). Even then, its final adoption was accelerated by
the imminent cessation of data on cabotage from the Cabotage Regulation
(3118/93).

As is customary, Member States were given a period to adjust their surveys
inter alia, cabotage; consequently the new Regulation
so as to include,
(1172/98) only applies to data collected from 1.1.1999 onwards. The Council
was conscious of the gap that would arise for cabotage data between the end
of the Cabotage Regulation (i.e. 30.6.1998) and the formal start of the Road
Statistics Regulation (i.e. 1.1.1999). The Council therefore asked Member
States to provide the Commission, if possible, with cabotage data from their
road transport sample surveys for the missing period, i.e. 2nd half 1998. Six
States (five Member States and Norway) have, so far, responded to this
request. They had already started to collect data on cabotage in their sample
surveys (as stated above, the draft of the Road Statistics Regulation had been
in preparation for a long time).

The Commission’s services were also conscious that a change in the source
of data on cabotage (July 1998) might be “confounded” with the effects of
the abolition of quantitative restrictions on cabotage (also July 1998). The
Commission’s services therefore asked States to provide, where possible,
data on cabotage from the sample surveys for the period prior to 2nd half
1998; this would enable comparisons to be made between the two sources of
is
cabotage data for the same period. In making such comparisons,
necessary to exclude intra-Benelux cabotage since intra-Benelux cabotage
was freed from quantitative restrictions in 1992 (only an insignificant amount
was recorded in the cabotage data collected under the cabotage regulation
after 1992).

it

3.5.

In consequence, the Commission’s services have already received fairly
extensive data from some Member States and Norway on cabotage from the
sample surveys prior to 1999. However, as statistical experts from the States
have pointed out, the sample surveys generally only cover about 1% of all
journeys carried out; and, of these journeys, only a very small proportion are

7

cabotage. Consequently, as this cabotage data had not, generally, been
collected with a view to its publication at a fine level of detail, it had not
been subjected to the data quality controls normally carried out prior to
publication. To accommodate these justified warnings from the statistical
experts, this Report combines the quarterly data on cabotage from the sample
surveys both “over time” and “over Reporting States”; the conclusions drawn
from this “aggregated data” should thus be sufficiently reliable.

3.6

An examination of the data received so far from the road transport sample
surveys indicates that:

There was no “explosion” of cabotage when quantitative restrictions
were abolished in July 1998. This provisional conclusion is based on data
from 5 States (France, Netherlands (excluding intra-Benelux), United
Kingdom, Norway and Finland). These are the only States that have so far
provided data from sample surveys for both 1st half and 2nd half 1998. This
data shows only a 2% increase in cabotage tkm after quantitative restrictions
were abolished in July 1998. It should be noted that these 5 States accounted
for 45% of the cabotage carried out under the Cabotage Regulation in 1st half
1998.

3.7

A comparison of the data from the Cabotage Regulation with that received so
far from the sample surveys indicates that:

(i)

There was, generally, progressive under-reporting in the Cabotage
Regulation. The adjustment factor has been estimated as 1.1 for
1996, 1.4 for 1997 and 1.8 for 1st half 1998. The adjustment factor for
1997 is based upon data for 8 States (France, Belgium and Netherlands
(both excluding intra-Benelux), United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway
these states accounted for 80% of the
and Sweden and Austria);
cabotage carried out under the Cabotage Regulation in 1997. It should
therefore be a fairly reliable adjustment when it comes to combining
the two series of data on cabotage that will be required in the future
when only data from the sample surveys will be available. The
adjustment factor for 1st half 1998 is only based, so far, on 4 States
(Netherlands (excluding intra-Benelux), United Kingdom, Norway and
Finland). These 4 States accounted for only 33% of the cabotage
carried out under the Cabotage Regulation in 1st half 1998, so that this
factor must be regarded as provisional. The adjustment factor for 1996
has been set so as to provide a smooth evolution of cabotage carried
out under the Cabotage Regulation. It is assumed that no adjustment
is required prior to 1996. Although the adjustment
factors are
themselves imprecise, this does not affect the broad conclusions given
in § 3.8 and §3.9 below.

(ii) There is, currently, considerable under-reporting of cabotage in
the sample surveys for a few States, mainly in Scandanavia.

3.8.

Applying the provisional adjustment factors given in §3.7 (i) to the main
results given in Section 2 of this Report thus yields amended figures as
follows:

8

(i)

cabotage carried out by hauliers from all States:

–

–

–

in 1996: 2215 mio tkm (2014 x 1.1);

in 1997: 3114 mio tkm (2224 x 1.4);

in 1st half 1998: 1818 mio tkm (1010 x 1.8), 3636 mio tkm on an
annual basis.

(ii)

cabotage accounted for about 0.35% (0.25% x 1.4) of national markets
in the EEA area as a whole in 1997, and (provisionally) about 0.40%
(0.22 x 1.8) in 1st half 1998.

(iii)

cabotage in Germany accounted for:

–

–

–

in 1996: 1560 mio tkm (1418 x 1.1), 0.8% of the German
national market;

in 1997: 2122 mio tkm (1516 x 1.4), 1.0% of the German
national market;

in 1st half 1998: 1240 mio tkm (688 x 1.8), (provisionally) 1.2%
of the German national market.

Applying a similar adjustment, cabotage corresponded to some 1.4% (1.0%
x 1.4) of the activity of international hauliers in 1997.

The provisional nature of the adjustments means that it would be imprudent,
at this stage, to carry through the adjustments to other more detailed results
of Section 2.

Conclusions

Cabotage operations grew considerably during the 8 years from July 1990 to
June 1998. However, even in 1997, tkm performed in national transport (i.e.
transport within a State by resident hauliers) was 300 times larger than
cabotage. Additionally, tkm performed in international transport was 70
times larger than cabotage.

68% of all cabotage was carried out in Germany, but even, in 1997, German
national transport was still 100 times larger than cabotage carried out in
Germany.

Provisional results from the sample surveys indicate that
there was no
“explosion” in cabotage in the 2nd half 1998 after quantitative restrictions
were lifted.

Efficient hauliers can still find opportunities to carry out cabotage in other
States; in the EEA there is still little evidence to suggest that hauliers with
low labour costs necessarily provide “unfair competition” to hauliers with
high labour costs.

3.9.

3.10.

4.

4.1.

4.2

4.3.

4.4.

9

5.

Recommendations for future monitoring of cabotage

should use sampling rates

The Commission does not recommend, at this stage, any additional data
collection exercises to be undertaken for monitoring of cabotage. However,
in their
States
implementation of Statistics Regulation 1172/98 that will be sufficient to
provide reliable data on cabotage on an annual basis (and preferably on a
half-yearly basis). This would ensure adequate monitoring of cabotage as
required under 2nd paragraph of Article 12.3 of the Cabotage Regulation
3118/93.

(and sampling methods)

10

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State, by half year in 3rd period
(January 1996 to June 1998).

Table 2: Number of (2-month) cabotage authorizations allocated to each Reporting
State, by calendar year.

Table 3: Cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State, by calendar year.

Table 4: Average use of (2-month) cabotage authorizations for each Reporting State,
by calendar year.

Table 5: Cabotage in each Partner State and National transport, by calendar year.

Table 6: Penetration rate (cabotage in each Partner State/National transport) and
Relative penetration rate, by calendar year.

Table 7: Matrix showing cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State in each
Partner State for 3rd period (January 1996 to June 1998).

Table 8: Matrix showing cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State in each
Partner State for whole period (July 1990 to June 1998).

Table 9: Leading “caboteurs” (cabotage by hauliers from a Reporting State in a
Partner State) in 1st period (July 1990 to June 1994), 2nd period (July 1994 to
December 1995), 3rd period (January 1996 to June 1998) and whole period (July 1990
to June 1998).

11

Table 1

Cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State by half year in 3rd period

Units:

tkm (1000's)

Reporting
State

Half year
1-6,1996

7-12,1996

1-6,1997

7-12,1997

1-6,1998

D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS
N
FIN
S
FL

A

34781
120461
25002
325962
171835
80442
36707
8713
50387
0
11122
6311
0
4482
26985
82082
30

37287
111786
22584
394842
183949
66172
26205
8783
48271
0
11122
3217
0
5571
32045
76623
102

48954
125342
25508
383497
205108
109760
33108
4827
57481
0
11122
5037
0
7653
31536
78919
284

15690

55345
128869
20948
362117
178603
89060
13209
3038
84219
0
11122
9557
0
4527
29587
73041
128

16625

48130
125342
23582
286186
161634
129075
8761
5068
83525
0
11122
11811
0
4768
35380
58333
1468

15423

Total

985302

1028559

1143826

1079995

1009608

12

Number of (2-month) cabotage authorizations allocated to each Reporting State

Table 2

Reporting
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS*
N*
FIN*
S*
FL**
A
Total

7-12,1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98 %

1085 2278,5 2507,5
1883 2072,5
896,5
1885 2074,5
897,5
2159
934,5 1962,5
661 1388,5 1528,5
308
712
647
562 1180,5 1299,5
688,5
625
641 1346,5 1482,5
676,5
292
613,5
1440 1585,5
685,5
898,5
816
388,5

297,5

2628
2172
2174
2262
1602
746
1362
722
1554
710
1662
942

4452
3681
3685
3834
2715
1264
2309
1224
2634
1200
2814
1597
5
198
296
590

7862 10318
8531
6501
8539
6507
8888
6773
6292
4794
2934
2235
5355
4080
2837
2162
6106
4653
2785
2121
6525
4971
3701
2820
17
23
870
669
3063
2333
4018
3061
57
43
4256
17685 18536 32498 47366 61602 85098

6047
5000
5005
5209
3687
1719
3138
1663
3578
1631
3823
2169
13
514
1794
2354
22

7649 16066

6707
5546
5552
5778
4090
1909
3482
1845
3969
1811
4243
2406
15
567
1992
2613
37
2767
55329

43885 12,8%
36283 10,6%
36319 10,6%
37800 11,1%
7,8%
26758
3,6%
12474
6,7%
22768
3,5%
12064
7,6%
25964
3,5%
11840
8,1%
27749
4,6%
15738
0,0%
73
0,8%
2818
2,8%
9478
3,7%
12636
0,0%
159
2,1%
7023
341829 100,0%

Notes:

* for 1994: 7-12,94

** for 1995: 5-12,95

Column "%": "Reporting State" as a % of "Total"

13

Table 3

Cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State

Units:

tkm (1000's)

Reporting
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS*
N*
FIN*
S*
FL**
A
Total

7-12,1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98

%

9037

55983

43667

37786

45280

63633

46456

23582

48130

329180

552423

72068 104299

48047
32819
12757
58409
196
5497
3319

65557
34176
7501
69160
0
12822
2660

73960
20361
26012 109835
33183

5,3%
70322
98457 125161 172218 187596 232247 254211 125342 1331079 12,7%
3,1%
47586
40516
45754
37804 128279 201685 226233 350103 588582 720804 745614 286186 3285290 31,2%
41581 139233 142233 233747 236641 319838 355784 383711 161634 2014402 19,2%
8,3%
14843
3,0%
3444
0,8%
5760
6,7%
14876
0,0%
0
1,4%
2013
0,6%
57
0,0%
0,3%
1,8%
5,0%
0,0%
0,5%
175788 645534 745089 880801 1145579 1676713 2013861 2223821 1009608 10516794 100,0%

78038 114351 146614 198820 129075
8761
46317
62912
47531
41097
5068
7865
17496
13882
11130
83525
98658 141700
78956 105808
0
0
0
0
11122
22244
18152
38211
11811
14594
8366
5799
0
0
0
0
4768
12180
4484
1419
35380
5099
61123
30000
58333
33099 128715 158705 151960
1468
412
15423
32315

875476
317674
86868
709860
196
151474
58753
0
32904
190632
530812
2033
47738

80131
40617
5409
58768
0
19169
2619

0
22244
9528
0
10053
59030

132

21

Notes:

* for 1994: 7-12,94

** for 1995: 5-12,95

Column "%": "Reporting State as a % of "Total"

14

Table 4

Average use of (2-month) cabotage authorizations for each Reporting State

Units:

tkm (1000's)

Reporting
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS*
N*
FIN*
S*
FL**
A
Total

7-12,1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98

Ratio

18,8
29,0
10,1
40,5
62,9
48,2
6,1
19,4
23,2
0,0
2,9
0,1

32,5
58,3
17,6
65,4
100,3
74,3
27,8
20,4
43,4
0,3
3,8
4,1

28,0
47,5
19,5
93,4
93,1
92,1
26,3
10,9
46,7
0,0
8,1
3,0

16,6
57,6
20,8
100,0
145,9
107,4
29,8
7,5
37,8
0,0
11,5
2,8

12,6
46,8
10,3
91,3
87,2
61,7
17,8
9,1
30,0
0,0
13,6
3,6
0
7,2
17,2
56,1

10,5
37,5
9,1
113,0
86,7
66,5
15,1
8,3
29,6
0,0
4,7
3,9
0
8,7
16,7
54,7
1,0

9,2
35,7
7,3
106,4
74,2
65,6
15,4
8,1
21,2
0,0
4,5
3,4
0
15,0
25,3
51,8
3,1

23,0

40,2

42,1

47,5

35,3

35,4

32,7

10,1
29,8
5,4
83,9
61,0
67,8
8,6
2,8
23,2
0,0
3,4
3,9
0
14,0
20,0
37,8
7,2
7,6
26,1

7,2
22,6
4,2
49,5
39,5
67,6
2,5
2,7
21,0
0,0
2,6
4,9
0
8,4
17,8
22,3
39,7
5,6
18,2

12,6
36,7
9,1
86,9
75,3
70,2
14,0
7,2
27,3
0,02
5,5
3,7
0
11,7
20,1
42,0
12,8
6,8
30,8

0,41
1,19
0,29
2,82
2,45
2,28
0,45
0,23
0,89
0,001
0,18
0,12
0
0,38
0,65
1,37
0,42
0,22

Notes:

* for 1994: 7-12,94

* for 1995: 5-12,95

Column "Ratio": Ratio of "Reporting State" to "Total"

15

Cabotage in each Partner State

Units:

tkm (1000's)

Table 5

Partner
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS*
N*
FIN*
S*
FL**
A
Total

7-12,90

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1-6,98 7,90-6,98 %

730698
78297
183633

89483
5609
11232
464
27890
3119
4357
3132
34900
14537

54737
98633 103194
12286
13398
23172
16741
306
115
34620
35648
5489
4965
2310
2989
368
83
21871
14835
9996
920

98678 402470 470038 578950 785512 1229711 1417816 1516105 687969 7187249 68,3%
61439 107128 151304 200319 306064 297410 135865 1330300 12,6%
16034
6,9%
28051
0,7%
5998
6879
1,7%
4786 0,05%
145
304053
2,9%
11956
39382
0,4%
606
22309
0,2%
1587
53963
0,5%
0
329326
3,1%
5502
64858
0,6%
352
0
0,0%
0,6%
60632
4934 0,05%
1,0%
7 0,00%
0,1%
175788 645534 745089 880801 1145579 1676713 2013861 2223821 1009608 10516794 100,0%

80967 121277
11489
11504
31677
28849
1239
559
50677
42805
7614
6807
2395
4683
22530
10168
76839
56977
8474
9526
0
0
22504
13761
2187
609
40602
22766
5
0
10797

53153
3677
12310
1031
21974
1653
1070
5766
35738
4064
0
14841
494
25699
2
4302

71033
8692
30967
665
41548
5476
1909
7717
47332
8874
0
7740
1506
13224
0

84907
5644
21806
262
36935
3653
1009
4199
35332
8115
0
1786
138
4977

107268

15099

Notes: * for 1994: 7-12,94
** for 1995: 5-12,95
Column "%": "Partner State" as a % of "Total"

National transport

Units:

tkm (1000 million's)

State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS
N
FIN
S
FL
A
Total

1990
167,3
117,6
141,8
22,9
12,4
0,4
130,6
3,9
9,4
9,7
69,2
10,9

1991
184,8
120,2
142,4
23,3
13,3
0,4
124,6
4,2
9,0
10,7
72,0
11,7

1992
188,0
122,2
144,5
26,6
13,8
0,5
121,3
4,7
9,4
10,2
73,6
10,6

1993
184,5
117,9
142,0
26,0
14,6
0,5
128,6
4,2
8,8
11,4
75,5
10,0

1994
197,4
124,1
146,9
25,7
17,5
0,5
137,8
4,4
9,5
10,8
77,2
11,2

8,4
19,3
25,2

1995
201,3
135,3
162,4
27,0
19,0
0,5
143,7
4,5
9,3
12,4
78,7
11,1

9,4
21,3
27,8

1996
199,2
136,5
163,6
27,6
17,2
0,4
146,2
4,7
9,4
12,5
76,3
11,3

10,4
22,2
29,8

696,1

716,6

725,4

724,0

815,9

863,7

867,3

16

%

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98
101,4
203,1
72,5
139,0
87,3
171,3
14,1
27,6
9,2
18,0
0,2
0,4
77,9
149,2
2,4
4,7
5,0
9,7
6,6
13,0
40,1
78,8
5,9
11,5

1543,4 24,1%
1026,5 16,0%
1231,3 19,2%
3,3%
209,4
2,0%
128,8
0,1%
3,6
1094,6 17,1%
0,6%
1,2%
1,4%
9,5%
1,4%

35,8
74,8
92,5
606,8
88,8

11,6
23,8
31,4

5,9
12,1
14,2

41,5
89,1
115,8

0,6%
1,4%
1,8%

11,3
904,4

5,8
460,6

17,1

0,3%
6399,5 100,0%

Penetration rate =

Table 6

Cabotage in Partner State
National Transport

Units:

Parts per 1000

Partner
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P

IS*
N*
FIN*
S*

FL**

A
Total

7-12,1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98

1,18
0,27
0,40
0,52
1,11
0,73
0,18
0,31
0,34
0,00
0,16
0,06

2,18
0,46
0,69
0,58
1,26
0,29
0,29
1,18
0,33
0,01
0,21
0,08

2,50
0,50
0,71
0,46
1,68
0,61
0,29
1,17
0,25
0,04
0,30
0,94

3,14
0,91
0,63
0,22
0,77
0,93
0,22
0,74
0,50
0,27
0,46
1,45

3,98
1,22
0,58
0,22
1,25
0,52
0,27
0,83
0,11
0,39
0,46
0,72

0,43
0,01
0,40

6,11
1,48
0,44
0,32
1,63
1,33
0,29
1,22
0,21
0,62
0,60
0,80

0,82
0,07
0,48

7,12
2,24
0,49
0,42
1,68
1,40
0,29
1,45
0,50
0,81
0,75
0,84

1,32
0,03
0,76

0,51

0,90

1,03

1,22

1,40

1,94

2,32

7,46
2,14
0,71
0,42
1,76
3,10
0,34
1,62
0,25
1,73
0,98
0,74

1,94
0,09
1,29

0,96
2,46

6,78
1,87
0,61
0,26
1,34
5,16
0,28
0,69
0,21
0,87
0,89
0,69

2,52
0,04
1,81

0,74
2,19

4,66
1,30
0,59
0,37
1,43
1,33
0,28
1,10
0,30
0,58
0,54
0,73

1,46
0,06
0,93

0,88
1,64

Notes:

* for 1994: 7-12,94

** for 1995: 5-12,95

Relative penetration rate =

Cabotage in Partner State /
National transport

/
/

Total Cabotage
Total National transport

Partner
State
D
F
I
NL
B
L
UK
IRL
DK
GR
E
P
IS
N
FIN
S
FL
A
Total

7-12,1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997 1-6,1998 7,90-6,98

2,34
0,54
0,78
1,04
2,20
1,44
0,36
0,62
0,67
0,00
0,31
0,13

2,42
0,51
0,77
0,64
1,40
0,32
0,32
1,31
0,37
0,01
0,23
0,09

2,43
0,49
0,70
0,45
1,63
0,60
0,28
1,14
0,24
0,04
0,29
0,92

2,58
0,75
0,52
0,18
0,63
0,76
0,18
0,61
0,41
0,23
0,38
1,19

2,83
0,87
0,41
0,16
0,89
0,37
0,19
0,59
0,08
0,28
0,33
0,52

0,30
0,01
0,28

3,15
0,76
0,23
0,17
0,84
0,69
0,15
0,63
0,11
0,32
0,31
0,41

0,42
0,04
0,25

3,07
0,97
0,21
0,18
0,72
0,60
0,13
0,62
0,21
0,35
0,32
0,36

0,57
0,01
0,33

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

17

3,04
0,87
0,29
0,17
0,72
1,26
0,14
0,66
0,10
0,70
0,40
0,30

0,79
0,04
0,53

0,39
1

3,10
0,85
0,28
0,12
0,61
2,35
0,13
0,31
0,10
0,40
0,41
0,31

1,15
0,02
0,83

0,34
1

2,83
0,79
0,36
0,23
0,87
0,81
0,17
0,67
0,18
0,36
0,33
0,44

0,89
0,03
0,56

0,54
1

Matrix showing cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State in each Partner State for the
3rd period (1/1996-6/1998)

Table 7

Units:

tkm (1000's)

Rep.

Year

Partner State

State

D

F

I

NL

B

L

UK

IRL

DK

GR

E

P

IS N

FIN S

FL A

TOTAL

96-98

55388

67930 15721

10802

852

4578

96-98

336463

136104

1122

55293 1955

7674

604 30709

20533

774

5

1615

69932

1605

3718

5 12539

224497

96-98

98159

13135

240

144

1723

110

D

F

I

DK

GR

E

P

IS

N

S

FL

A

NL

96-98

1542995

121753

8665

1734

B

L

96-98

388938

433386

19336

194

96-98

462609

4672

5989

0

0

UK

96-98

6729

70519

4828

7710

4152

IRL

96-98

6526

124

0

0

6

96-98

96-98

96-98

96-98

0

0

2710

35580

93

0

0

600

208

0

15

218

353

0

0

0

2

0

18

40

105

0

0

10

79

0

12

3

86

22

3098

0

2

78

124

0

96-98

13248

FIN

96-98

126303

96-98

341936

96-98

886

97-98

36046

263

9937

153

129

0

3

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

55

21

3842

76

32500

500

22743

335

4413

50228

0

30

0

359

181

245

6917

0

820

5819

1515

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

339

0

0

5

0

0

32

140

1672

101

14135

0

0

0

0

71

983

0

0

0

0

706

294

20

238

303

0

15709

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

23479

4119

0

0

7

0

0

0

877

0

28

0

0

0

0

24

0

56

1866

530

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

13574

19770

0

0

16700

32422

0

3

507

242

0

54

0

57

0

9

0

27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

0

0

1

6747

0 22558 2178

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

611800

117624

1034

1752604

420

901129

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

474509

117990

30429

323883

0

55610

35933

0

27001

155533

368998

0

1104

2012

1096

2

47738

96-98

258249

1217

1214

1365

364

267

1755

0 19790

924

34619

Total

96-98

3621890

739339

255397 26670

72836 2829 115456 16074

8148 38464 169554 22064

0 51106 3290

89067

7 15099

5247290

Percentage

69,0

14,1

4,9

0,5

1,4

0,1

2,2

0,3

0,2

0,7

3,2

0,4

0

1,0

0,1

1,7 0,0

0,3

100,0

18

Matrix showing cabotage by hauliers from each Reporting State in each Partner State for the
whole period (7/1990-6/1998)

Table 8

Units
:

tkm (1000's)

Rep, Year

Partner State

State

D

F

I

NL

B

L

UK

IRL

DK

GR

E

P

IS N

FIN S

FL A

TOTAL

4387

5 12539

552423

D

F

I

90-98

99652

299075 31275

20270 1070

12290

90-98

804565

214084

2391 113658 3412

35187

90-98

294140

23899

816

382

0

3346

2

0

0

4730 36588

28490

1706

13

2756 151277

3535

110

55

6158

76

NL

90-98

2814183

174571

71237

31927

91 105556

534 12463

585

54235

2114

B

L

90-98

1054820

777339

73517 22425

152

69384

90-98

847584

10557

11042

206

3813

0

UK 90-98

35706

138744

37105 17356

12517

30

0

731

1248

13131

251

0

1667

38800

226 12680

23059

151

356

733

0

136

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

339

76

0

5

0

0

125

198

1752

158

14850

0

0

6

0

71

983

0

0

0

0

742

368

IRL 90-98

15117

1600

4

166

DK 90-98

605516

6469

12491

3226

GR 90-98

196

0

0

90-98

90-98

94-98

E

P

IS

N

0

94-98

17822

FIN 94-98

154623

S

94-98

496133

FL

95-98

907

9129

89373

1222

762

7543

312

0

37

78

175

0

0

42

274

356

0

0

17

2

0

31

83

150

0

A

97-98

36046

263

9937

153

0

0

0

0

0

44

0

14

0

0

0

3

48

421

0

18

115

0

41

6

266

22

129

69427

7215

16

0

123

13

0

0

55

1429

0

28

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

78

0

122

2489

1094

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

43

0

0

0

441

4513

0 23238

924

45390

0

0

0

0

14709

24420

0

0

51578

49884

0

16

509

269

0

54

0

60

0

9

0

27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14

0

0

1

8051

0 27170 3761

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1331079

329180

1034

3285290

420

2014402

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

875476

317674

86868

709860

196

151474

58753

0

32904

190632

530812

0

1104

2033

1096

2

47738

Total 90-98

7187249 1330300

730698 78297 183633 4786 304053 39382 22309 53963 329326 64858

0 60632 4934 107268

7 15099 10516794

Percentage

68,3

12,6

6,9

0,7

1,7

0,0

2,9

0,4

0,2

0,5

3,1

0,6

0

0,6

0,0

1,0 0,0

0,1

100,0

19

Table 9

Leading "caboteurs"

(cabotage by hauliers from a Reporting State in a Partner State)

Units:

tkm (1000's)

"Relation"

7/1990-6/1994

7/1994-12/1995

1/1996-6/1998

7/1990-6/1998

N°

tkm

% N°

Tkm

% N°

tkm

% N°

tkm

%

NL in D

B in D

L in D

F in D

B in F

DK in D

S in D

D in I

I in D

F in I

NL in F

FIN in D

F in E

UK in F

F in B

1

2

4

3

6

5

7

8

9

12

14

2814183

26,8

1054820

10,0

553606

18,8

400019

13,6

240584

290822

193433

219131

183789

140892

8,2

9,9

6,6

7,4

6,2

4,8

1

2

6

3

5

7

4

9

8

717582 30,9

265863 11,5

144391

177280

150520

128136

154197

6,2

7,6

6,5

5,5

6,7

1

4

2

6

3

7

5

47356

2,0 14

55089

2,4 11

1542995

29,4

388938

462609

336463

433386

258249

341936

67930

98159

7,4

8,8

6,4

8,3

4,9

6,5

1,3

1,9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

847584

804565

777339

605516

496133

299075

294140

52461

1,8 16

25519

1,1

8

136104

2,6 10

214084

17527

0,6 10

35291

1,5 10

121753

2,3 11

174571

15

28320

1,2

9

126303

2,4 12

154623

48705

1,7 12

32640

1,4 13

69932

1,3 13

151277

38935

1,3 14

29290

1,3 12

70519

1,3 14

138744

23194

0,8 11

35171

1,5 16

55293

1,1 15

113658

NL in UK

11

51624

1,7 13

31189

1,3

22743

0,4 16

105556

NL in I

B in I

E in F

10

13

15

IRL in UK 16

52408

42568

32442

29899

1,8

1,4

1,1

1,0

10164

11613

21351

16049

0,4

0,5

0,9

0,7

8665

19336

35580

23479

0,2

0,4

0,7

0,4

71237

73517

89373

69427

8,1

7,7

7,4

5,8

4,7

2,8

2,8

2,0

1,7

1,5

1,4

1,3

1,1

1,0

0,7

0,7

0,8

0,7

D in F

"Top 16"

"All"

22356

0,8

21908

0,9 15

55388

1,1

99652

0,9

2571318

87,1

2057834 88,8

4565957

87,0

9045868

86,0

2950878

2318626

5247290

10516794

20