WRITTEN QUESTION P-0639/00 by Joaquim Miranda (GUE/NGL) to the Commission. Natural disaster in Mozambique.
Date: 2000-02-28
Institutions: European Parliament, Provisional data
Subjects: EU aid, Mozambique, bad weather, emergency aid

26.1.2001

EN

Official Journal of the European Communities

C 26 E/75

rights of cultural minorities. The European Parliament has already stressed the need for recognition of the
rights of the Kurds as a people in Turkey. The recognition of the Kurds as a minority signifies a step
towards the acquisition of cultural rights.

The Copenhagen Treaty criteria are not very detailed, which leaves room for interpretation. According to
statements by the Prime Minister, Mr Ecevit, at the Helsinki conference, Turkey is making efforts to
encourage the achievement of democratisation. With regard to the recognition of the Kurdish language,
the position of the Prime Minister is, however, that Turkey(cid:146)s approach to south-eastern Turkey will change
when separatism is no longer an issue there. Such statements indicate that Ecevit will make full use of the
grey area with regard to whether or not the Kurds should be granted cultural rights.

There is a danger that vague concessions by Turkey would bring about accession to the European Union.
However it is clear that the measures which the Turkish state has adopted so far are not adequate either
for Turkey to be seen as a democratic country or for the rights of the Kurds as a minority, let alone as a
people, to be guaranteed.

Can the Commission indicate its position on the extent to which Turkey fulfils the accession criteria? What
is the Commission(cid:146)s view on the rights of the Kurds as a cultural minority? What are the Commission(cid:146)s
views on the extent to which Turkey meets the criteria of the Copenhagen Treaty and the recognition of
the rights of the Kurds as a cultural minority? What measures will the Commission take to monitor the
developments in Turkey with regard to accession and the related criteria?

Answer given by Mr Verheugen on behalf of the Commission

(27 March 2000)

In its last regular report adopted in October 1999 (1), the Commission concluded: Recent developments
confirm that, although the basic features of a democratic system exist in Turkey, it still does not meet the
Copenhagen political criteria. There are serious shortcomings in terms of human rights and protection of
minorities [(cid:133)].

Concerning the question of Turkish citizens of Kurdish origin, the regular report reiterated the opinion
contained in the 1998 report that (cid:145)a civil solution could include recognition of certain forms of Kurdish
cultural identity and greater tolerance of the ways of expressing that identity, provided it does not advocate
separatism or terrorism(cid:146).

A centrepiece of the new pre-accession strategy for Turkey, launched at the European Council in Helsinki
in December 1999, is the accession partnership (AP) to be prepared by the Commission before adoption
by the Council. The aim of this AP is mainly to set out priorities to be implemented by Turkey in all the
fields of the Copenhagen criteria (including the political field) in order to prepare Turkey for Union
membership. The monitoring of the implementation of the AP priorities will be regularly done, through
appropriate mechanisms such as the association committee as well as in the annual regular reports.

(1) COM(1999) 514 final.

(2001/C 26 E/094)

WRITTEN QUESTION P-0639/00

by Joaquim Miranda (GUE/NGL) to the Commission

(28 February 2000)

Subject: Natural disaster in Mozambique

Sever weather in Mozambique has already driven large numbers of people from their homes, caused heavy
loss of livestock (c. 40 000 head of cattle so far), destroyed some 70 000 hectares of crops, mainly millet
and rice, and made it extremely difficult to guarantee supplies of drinking water.

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Official Journal of the European Communities

EN

26.1.2001

The economic, social and health problems already caused by the weather conditions may well worsen (cid:129)
a fresh cyclone is forecast, and the weakness of Mozambique(cid:146)s economy means that an adequate and
timely response is simply impossible. What emergency measures is the Commission planning to take to
help the Mozambique authorities to cope with this disastrous situation?

Answer given by Mr Nielson on behalf of the Commission

(24 March 2000)

The Commission is very concerned about the emergency situation in Mozambique. The continuing
torrential rains throughout the southern Africa region, aggravated by Cyclone Eline, have led to displace-
ment of large numbers of people and there has been considerable damage to housing and infrastructure.
Many people have lost their lives, disappeared or been injured.

The government of Mozambique appealed for humanitarian aid from third countries. The international
community has provided substantial assistance in the search and rescue phase (now complete) and to the
ongoing relief efforts. Official contributions and pledges to date are estimated at € 100 million, over 60 %
of which has come from the Community (Commission and Member States).

The Commission member responsible for development and humanitarian aid visited Mozambique on
2 and 3 March 2000 together with the Portuguese Secretary of State to assess the situation.

In response to the initial flooding caused by heavy rains in early February, the Commission approved
€ 1 million in emergency relief funding to be channelled by its Humanitarian aid office (ECHO) through
Red Cross and non-governmental organisation (NGO) implementing partners, of which € 750 000 went to
Mozambique and € 250 000 to Botswana. These agencies addressed the most urgent needs of moving
people in danger to more secure areas, while providing essential relief items, emergency shelterhealth care,
and water and sanitation. In addition € 1,4 million from the food security budget line has been made
locally available to the Commission(cid:146)s delegate and the Mozambique Government to improve food security
for the victims.

In the wake of the further damage wrought by Cyclone Eline, the Commission has processed a second
decision for an amount of € 2 million, primarily focusing on emergency relief in the Limpopo and Save
river basins (Provinces of Gaza, Inhambane and Sofala), where the destruction and displacement is greatest.
A third, more significant ECHO financing decision, drafted in close consultation with partners in Maputo,
was endorsed on 14 March 2000 by an inter-service task force (ECHO, DG Dev, SCR) set up to ensure the
coherence of the Commission(cid:146)s short-term and medium-to-long-term intervention. The strategic focus of
the third decision will be to promote resettlement through emergency food security (the planting season
commences in a few weeks), water and sanitation, health (including small-scale rehabilitation of health
centres), and cholera contingency/preparedness.

A senior regional ECHO expert recently completed a 10-day needs assessment mission to Mozambique; a
permanent ECHO technical assistant has been recruited and will be deployed in the field next week, where
he will monitor the implementation of ECHO funded operations and liaise with the central coordination
structure set up by the Government of Mozambique with United Nations support.

The Commission is also preparing a medium-term Community response combining NGO co-financing
with European development fund (EDF) operations to help Mozambique in redressing the crisis and in re-
establishing the rapid pace of growth for which Mozambique had worked so hard. An additional amount
of € 21 million was announced by the member of the Commission during his visit to Mozambique. It is
envisaged that this response would link the current phase of emergency through to re-construction within
a three to four year horizon.